Faculty Resolution in Support of the Prompt Restoration of Free

FACULTY RESOLUTION IN SUPPORT OF THE PROMPT RESTORATION OF

FREE SPEECH AND DUE PROCESS ON CAMPUS1

WHEREAS, the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) Committee on Women in the Academic Profession has criticized the Department of Justice’s redefinition of sexual harassment to include “verbal conduct of a sexual nature,” arguing it "eliminates the critical standard of ‘reasonable speech,’ and, in so doing, may pose a threat to academic freedom in the classroom.”2 WHEREAS, law professors at Harvard Law School, Penn Law, Cornell University, and from other institutions have issued statements calling for fundamental fairness on campus.3 WHEREAS, the AAUP Council endorsed a report, “The History, Uses, and Abuses of Title IX,” that identified two over-arching problems with the implementation of Title IX: Overly broad definitions of “hostile environment, and Inadequate protections of due process and academic governance.” WHEREAS, many faculty members have had their constitutional rights compromised by the overly strong enforcement of Title IX.4 WHEREAS, numerous sexual assault cases have been mishandled by campus officials, resulting in a five-fold increase of Title IX complaints from 2009 to 2013 to the federal Office for Civil Rights.5 WHEREAS, accused students have filed hundreds of lawsuits in recent years against universities, with judicial decisions issued that are favorable to the accused in a majority of cases.6 WHEREAS, there is no evidence that current approaches to curbing sexual assault have been successful. According to the Association of American Universities, rates of sexual assault at surveyed colleges actually increased from 2015 to 2019.7 WHEREAS, the federal Office for Civil Rights has developed a new Title IX regulation designed to promote free speech and restore fundamental fairness to campus proceedings.8 THEREFORE, the undersigned professors call on lawmakers and university administrators to assure the prompt implementation of new policies that will clarify grievance procedures, enhance free speech, and embrace fairness for all. Signed (affiliations listed for identification purposes only):

1 This Resolution is organized by SAVE: www.saveservices.org. For more information, contact [email protected] 2 https://www.aaup.org/sites/default/files/AAUP_June_2013_Letter_to_DOJ_and_OCR.pdf 3 http://www.saveservices.org/sexual-assault/law-professors/ 4 http://www.saveservices.org/sexual-assault/faculty-members/ 5 http://www.saveservices.org/sexual-assault/victims-deserve-better/ 6 https://nyujlpp.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Harris-Johnson-Campus-Courts-in-Court-22-nyujlpp-49.pdf 7 http://www.saveservices.org/2020/04/aau-climate-surveys-reveal-failure-of-campus-sexual-assault-policies/ 8https://www.edurisksolutions.org/blogs/?Id=3832&fbclid=IwAR0cjtHhjIwgi6qCLwWicYZvQLJD0CamVKXAczUtwEK5eb lAYx-pDb-JSRs 1

Max Hocutt John E. Coons, BA, JD Joseph H. Manson, PhD Professor of Philosophy Professor of Law, Emeritus Professor (Retired) University Of California, Department of Anthropology University of Alabama Berkeley UCLA Tuscaloosa, AL Berkeley, CA Los Angeles, CA

Walter K. Wood, PhD James E. Enstrom, PhD, MPH Michael McConnell, JD Retired Professor of History Retired Research Professor Director, Constitutional Law Alabama State University University of California, Los Center Montgomery, AL Angeles Stanford Law School Los Angeles, CA Stanford, CA Terrance B. Kearns, PhD Professor of English (Retired) Charles Geshekter, PhD Jacob B. Michaelsen, PhD University of Central Emeritus Professor of History Professor of Economics Arkansas California State University, Emeritus Conway, AR Chico University of California, Chico, CA Santa Cruz Rev. David G. Poedel, Dmin Santa Cruz, CA Emeritus Faculty, Health and Neil Gilbert PhD Life Sciences Chernin Professor of Social James E. Moore, II, BSIE, PhD Pima Community College Welfare Professor District University of California, Viterbi School of Engineering, Tucson, AZ Berkeley Price School of Public Policy Berkeley, CA University of Southern Larry Alexander, BA, JD California Warren Distinguished Stuart H. Hurlbert, PhD Los Angeles, CA Professor Emeritus Professor of Biology University of San Diego San Diego State University D. Brendan Nagle School of Law San Diego, CA Professor of History San Diego, CA (Emeritus) Nora Laiken, PhD University of Southern Loretta Graziano Breuning, Lecturer in Pharmacology California PhD and Medicine Los Angeles, CA Professor Emerita UC-San Diego School of California State University, Medicine Sharon Russell Nicoll, PhD East Bay La Jolla, CA University of California, Hayward, CA Berkeley Mark R. Lee Berkeley, CA John C. Briggs, PhD Professor-in-Residence Professor of English University of San Diego David Potts, PhD UC Riverside School of Law Professor of Philosophy Riverside, CA San Diego, CA City College of San Francisco San Francisco, CA C. Monica Capra, PhD Matthew Malkan, BA, PhD Professor Distinguished Professor of Richard H. Reeb, Jr. PhD Claremont Graduate Physics and Astronomy Department of Political University UCLA Science (Retired) Claremont, CA Los Angeles, CA Barstow College Barstow, CA 2

George G. Roussas, PhD Ralph Dave Westfall, PhD Jay Bergman Distinguished Professor Professor Emeritus Professor of History Emeritus California Polytechnic Central Connecticut State University of California, Davis University University Davis, CA Pomona, CA New Britain, CT

Dean Schooler, PhD Michel Alary, MD, PhD Thomas Blau, PhD Regents Lecturer Professor Professor (retired) University of California, Université Laval National Defense University Irvine Québec, Canada Washington, DC Irvine, CA Robert Byrnes, PhD Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, Maimon Schwarzschild Associate Professor of PhD Professor of Law Rhetoric Professor of History University of San Diego University of Winnipeg Institute of World Politics San Diego, CA Winnipeg, Canada Washington, DC

Steven D. Smith, BA, JD Philip Carl Salzman, MA, PhD Douglas C. Frechtling, PhD Warren Distinguished Emeritus Professor of Professor Emeritus Professor of Law Anthropology School of Business University of San Diego McGill University George Washington San Diego, CA Montreal, Canada University Washington, DC Michael Wesley Suman, PhD David B. Kopel, JD Senior Continuing Lecturer in Adjunct Professor of Robert J. Lieber, PhD Communication (UCLA) Constitutional Law Professor of Government & Research Director, Center for Sturm College of Law International Affairs the Digital Future University of Denver Georgetown University USC Annenberg School for Denver, CO Washington, DC Communication and Journalism Juan Lucena, PhD Henry R. Nau Los Angeles, CA Professor Professor Emeritus Colorado School of Mines George Washington Stanley W. Trimble, PhD Golden, CO University Professor Emeritus of Washington, DC Geography David J. Rothman UCLA Director, Graduate Program Juliana Geran Pilon, PhD Los Angeles, CA in Creative Writing Senior Fellow, Alexander Western State Colorado Hamilton Institute for the Sylvia J. Wasson, EdD University Study of Western Civilization Professor Emeritus of Gunnison, CO Adjunct Professor, American Foreign Languages University Santa Rosa Junior College Jessica Smith, PhD Washington, DC Santa Rosa, CA Associate Professor Colorado School of Mines Golden, CO

Reginald Leamon Robinson, Robert J. D'Agostino, JD William Brogan, MA MA, JD Professor of Law Instructor Professor of Law John Marshall Law School McHenry County College Howard University Atlanta, GA Crystal Lake, IL School of Law Washington, DC Ann Hartle, PhD Michael Burlingame Professor Emeritus of Chancellor Naomi B. Lynn Jan H. Blits Philosophy Distinguished Chair in Lincoln Professor Emeritus Emory University Studies University of Delaware Atlanta, GA University of Illinois, Newark, DE Springfield Tamas Nagy, DVM, PhD Springfield, IL Linda S. Gottfredson, PhD Associate Professor Professor Emerita University of Georgia Erwin H. Epstein, PhD University of Delaware Athens, GA Professor Emeritus Newark, DE Center for Comparative G. Paul Neitzel, PhD Education Frederic M. Stiner, Jr., CPA, Professor Emeritus of Loyola University-Chicago PhD Mechanical Engineering Chicago, IL Retired Faculty Georgia Institute of University of Delaware Technology George Glauberman, PhD Newark, DE Atlanta, GA Department of Mathematics University of Chicago Gordon E. Finley Hubert P. van Tuyll, JD, PhD Chicago, IL Professor of Psychology Professor of History Emeritus Augusta University Mark C. Johlke, PhD Florida International Augusta, GA Professor of Marketing University Bradley University Miami, FL Randall W. Roth Peoria, IL Professor Emeritus Steven Insalaco University of Hawaii School Raymond L. Majeres PhD Professor of Humanities of Law Professor Emeritus Chair, Department of Honolulu, HI Western Illinois University Humanities Macomb, IL Pasco Hernando State Anthony Walsh, PhD College Criminal Justice Department Cris Mazza, MA, MFA New Port Richey, FL Boise State University Professor Boise, ID University of Illinois at Joseph M. Moxley, PhD Chicago Professor Scott Yenor, PhD Chicago, IL University of South Florida Professor Tampa, FL Boise State University Jay Mittenthal, PhD Boise, ID Associate Professor Emeritus Richard B. Sypher, BA, PhD University of Illinois at Associate Professor of J. Michael Bailey, PhD Urbana-Champaign English (Retired) Professor Urbana, IL Hofstra University Northwestern University Oldsmar, FL Evanston, IL

Donald W. Swanton, PhD, Dean Bevan, PhD Fred de Rosset, PhD MBA Professor Emeritus of English Professor of Spanish Associate Professor Emeritus Baker University Berea College Finance and Mathematics Baldwin City, KS Berea, KY Roosevelt University Chicago, IL Dean Dillard, MA Manning Warren Emeritus Faculty Professor, H. Edward Harter Carol Tharp, MD Neosho County Community Chair of Commercial Law Feinberg School of Medicine College Brandeis School of Law Northwestern University Chanute, KS University of Louisville Chicago, IL Louisville, KY Walter R. Schumm, PhD John C. Wenger, PhD Professor of Applied Family Walter E. Block, PhD Professor Emeritus, Science Harold E. Wirth Mathematics College of Health and Human Eminent Scholar, Endowed Harold Washington Sciences Chair and Professor of Community College Kansas State University Economics Chicago, IL Manhattan, KS Loyola University New Orleans G. Robert Blakey Maarten van Swaay, PhD New Orleans, LA William J. & Dorthy K. O'Neill Professor Emeritus Professor of Law Emeritus Kansas State University Catharine Savage Brosman, Notre Dame Law School Overland Park, KS PhD Notre Dame, IN Professor Emerita of French Nelson L. Dawson, BA, PhD Tulane University Paul Chandler, PhD Professor New Orleans, LA Associate Professor (retired) University of Louisville Ball State University Louisville, KY W. Douglas McMillin Muncie, IN Professor Emeritus James Fackler, PhD Department of Economics Kenneth G. Dau-Schmidt Emeritus Professor Louisiana State University Carr Professor of Labor and University of Kentucky Baton Rouge, LA Employment Law Lexington, KY Indiana University- Argiro L. Morgan, PhD Bloomington Benjamin P. Foster, PhD Professor Emeritus Bloomington, IN Professor of Accountancy Xavier University of Louisiana University of Louisville New Orleans, LA W. William Hodes, JD Louisville, KY Professor Emeritus of Law Robert Newman, PhD Indiana University David B. Porter, PhD Professor of Economics Indianapolis, IN Retired Permanent Louisiana State University Professor, US Air Force Baton Rouge, LA Glen J. Kissel, PhD Academy Associate Professor Professor, K. T. Noell, MD Engineering Berea College Former Clinical Associate University of Southern Berea, KY Professor Indiana LSU School of Medicine Evansville, IN New Orleans, LA

Robert Shenk, PhD J. Mark Ramseyer, JD James W. Roberts, PhD Professor Emeritus Mitsubishi Professor of Associate Professor Emeritus University of New Orleans Japanese Legal Studies of Political Science New Orleans, LA Harvard Law School University of Southern Maine Cambridge, MA Portland, ME Elizabeth Bartholet Morris Wasserstein Professor Bernhardt L. Trout, ScD Robert O. Brinkerhoff, EdD of Law Professor of Chemical Professor Emeritus Harvard Law School Engineering Western Michigan University Cambridge, MA Massachusetts Institute of Kalamazoo, MI Technology Joseph A. Bettencourt, MD Cambridge, MA Carl Cohen, PhD Clinical Instructor Professor of Philosophy Tufts University School of James Ventola Emeritus Medicine Professor of English (Retired) University of Michigan Boston, MA Massasoit Community Ann Arbor, MI College Henry J.B. Dick, PhD Brockton, MA Michael P. Lombardo, PhD Senior Scientist Professor of Biology Department of Geology & Keith Whitaker, PhD Grand Valley State University Geophysics Adjunct Assistant Professor Allendale, MI Woods Hole Oceanographic of Philosophy Institution Boston College John Lyon, BA, PhD Woods Hole, MA Boston, MA Director of Education Programs James Hankins, PhD Anne Burley, PhD Hillsdale College Professor of History Professor Emerita Hillsdale, MI Harvard University Towson University Cambridge, MA Towson, MD Thomas Francis Obee, MA Professor Emeritus Anthony Nicastro Robert A. Gordon (Retired) Philosophy and English Visiting Professor of Italian, Professor St. Clair County Community Emeritus Department of Sociology College Williams College Johns Hopkins University Port Huron, MI Williamstown, MA Baltimore, MD Paul A. Rahe, PhD Charles C. Nickerson, PhD Walda Katz-Fishman, PhD Professor of History Professor of English Emeritus Professor of sociology Hillsdale College Bridgewater State University Howard University Hillsdale, MI Bridgewater, MA Bethesda, MD Howard S. Schwartz, PhD Richard D. Parker, JD Martin Andrucki, BA, PhD Professor Emeritus Williams Professor of Justice Dana Professor of Theater Oakland University Harvard Law School Bates College Rochester, MI Cambridge, MA Lewiston, ME

Allen J. Schwenk, PhD Victoria A. Sandberg, PhD David Partenheimer, PhD Emeritus Professor of Biology Instructor Professor of English Mathematics Normandale Community Truman State University Western Michigan University College Kirksville, MO Kalamazoo, MI Bloomington, MN Jill Dill Pasteris, PhD Pamela J. Smock, PhD Uwe H. Stuecher, PhD, EdM Professor of Earth and Professor Professor Planetary Sciences University of Michigan University of Minnesota, Washington University in St. Ann Arbor, MI Duluth Louis Duluth, MN St. Louis, MO Bernard S. Bachrach, PhD Professor of History Michael Tonry, LLB, PhD J. Martin Rochester, PhD University of Minnesota McKnight Presidential Curators Distinguished Minneapolis, MN Professor Teaching Professor of University of Minnesota Law Political Science Teresa S. Collett School University of Missouri-St. Professor of Law Minneapolis, MN Louis University of St. Thomas St. Louis, MO School of Law James Tracy Minneapolis, MN Emeritus Professor of History Warren Treadgold, PhD University of Minnesota National Endowment for the Joseph L. Daly, JD Minneapolis, MN Humanities Professor of Emeritus Professor of Law Byzantine Studies Mitchell Hamline School of Michael G. Goldstein, Esq., Saint Louis University Law JD, LL.M Saint Louis, MO St. Paul, MN Adjunct Professor (Former) Washington University J. R. Hall, PhD David P. Deavel, PhD School of Law Professor of English Emeritus Visiting Assistant Professor of St. Louis, MO University of Mississippi Catholic Studies Oxford, MS University of St. Thomas Jonathan Katz St. Paul, MN Professor of Physics Richard Patton, PhD Washington University Professor Emeritus in Daniel S. Kleinberger St. Louis, MO Mechanical Engineering Professor Emeritus Mississippi State University Mitchell Hamline School of Dean Monahan, PhD Columbus, MS Law English Professor Emeritus St. Paul, MN Southeast Missouri State Charles Allen Foster, JD University Adjunct Professor (Former) Joseph Edward Olson, JD, Cape Girardeau, MO Duke Law School LIM Durham, NC Professor of Law Emeritus David T. Murphy, PhD Mitchell Hamline School of Emeritus Professor Kevin D. Hoover, PhD Law Saint Louis University Professor of Economics & Saint Paul, MN St. Louis, MO Professor of Philosophy Duke University Durham, NC

Edward A. Johnson, MA, PhD Joel Margolis, PhD Geoffrey Miller, PhD Associate Professor of Mass Department of Political Associate Professor, Communication Science Psychology Campbell University Rutgers University-Camden University of New Mexico Buies Creek, NC Camden, NJ Albuquerque, NM

John Staddon, PhD David Perel, MS, PhD William Kuechler James B. Duke Professor Director, Academic and Professor Emeritus of Department of Psychology Research Computing Systems Information Systems and Neuroscience New Jersey Institute of University of Nevada, Reno Professor, Department of Technology Reno, NV Biology, Emeritus Newark, NJ Duke University James Bradfield, PhD Durham, NC Harry W Power, PhD Professor Emeritus of Professor Emeritus of Economics A. Dwayne Ball, PhD Behavioral Ecology Hamilton College Professor Emeritus of Rutgers University Clnton, NY Marketing New Brunswick, NJ University of Nebraska- M. Northrup Buechner, PhD Lincoln Glenn M. RIcketts, PhD Associate Professor of Lincoln, NE Professor of Political Science Economics Raritan Valley Community St. John's University Timothy Miller, AAS, AA, BS College New York, NY Electronic Media Instructor Somerville, NJ Northeast Community Gregory W. Ebert, MA, PhD College Jay Spaulding, PhD Professor Emeritus Norfolk, NE Professor of History SUNY College at Buffalo (Emeritus) Buffalo, NY John Kayser, PhD Kean University Associate Professor Emeritus Union, NJ Mary Grabar, PhD University of New Hampshire Resident Fellow Durham, NH Lionel Tiger, PhD Alexander Hamilton Institute Charles Darwin Professor of for the Study of Western Suzanne Geissler Bowles, Anthropology Emeritus Civilization PhD Rutgers University Clinton, NY Professor of History Emerita New Brunswick, NJ William Paterson University Margaret L. King, PhD Wayne, NJ Jackson Toby, PhD Emerita Professor of History Professor of Sociology Brooklyn College and the Robert P. George, JD, PhD Emeritus Graduate Center McCormick Professor of Rutgers University CUNY Jurisprudence New Brunswick, NJ Brooklyn, NY Princeton University Princeton, NJ Marco Del Giudice, PhD Associate Professor Department of Psychology University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM

Richard Klein Lawrence M. Mead, PhD Martin Arbagi Bruce K. Gould Distinguished Professor of Politics and Emeritus (History) Professor of Law Public Policy Wright State University Touro College New York University Dayton, OH Jacob Fuchsberg School of New York, NY Law Hal R. Arkes, PhD New York, NY David R. Musher, MD, FACP, Emeritus Professor of FACG Psychology Robert P. Kraynak Clinical Associate Professor Ohio State University Professor of Political Science of Medicine Columbus, OH Director, Center for the NYU Langone School of Study of Freedom and Medicine Fred Baumann, BA, PhD Western Civilization New York, NY Professor of Political Science Colgate University Kenyon College Hamilton, NY B. Nelson Ong, PhD Gambier, OH Associate Professor of Mitchell Langbert Political Science George W. Dent Jr. Associate Professor Mercy College Schott van den Eynden Brooklyn College Dobbs Ferry, NY Professor of Law Emeritus CUNY Case Western Reserve West Shokan, NY Robert L. Paquette, PhD University Professor Emeritus of History School of Law Barry Latzer Hamilton College Cleveland, OH Emeritus Professor President, Alexander John Jay College of Criminal Hamilton Institute for the Kirk Emmert, PhD Justice Study of Western Civilization Professor Emeritus CUNY Clinton, NY Kenyon College New York, NY Gambier, OH Ronald Radosh, MA, PhD Cathryn Lavery, MA, PhD Professor Emeritus of History Charles E. Finley, PhD Professor and Graduate CUNY Professor Emeritus Coordinator New York, NY Columbus State Community Department of Criminal College Justice & Sociology Malcolm J. Sherman, PhD Columbus, OH Iona College Emeritus Professor New Rochelle, NY University at Albany David F. Forte, PhD, JD SUNY Professor of Law Glen Lawrence, MA, PhD Albany, NY Cleveland-Marshall College Professor of Law Long Island University Hon. Herbert W. Stupp Cleveland State University Brooklyn, NY Former Adjunct Professor Cleveland, OH CUNY & St. John's University Michael Maller, PhD Queens, NY Bruce P. Frohnen Professor Emeritus of Professor of Law Mathematics Joan G. Wexler, JD Ohio Northern University Queens College Dean and President Emerita College of Law CUNY Brooklyn Law School Ada, OH Flushing, NY Brooklyn, NY

Jerry Glenn, PhD Michael Trigoboff, PhD Arthur D. Hellman Professor Emeritus Computer Science Professor of Law Emeritus University of Cincinnati Department University of Pittsburgh Cincinnati, OH Portland Community College School of Law Portland, OR Pittsburgh, PA Donald M. Hassler Professor of English Emeritus Buddy Ullman, PhD Alan Charles Kors Kent State University Former Professor of Henry Charles Lea Professor Kent, OH Biochemistry and Molecular Emeritus of History Biology University of Pennsylvania Bruce Heiden, PhD Oregon Health & Science Philadelphia, PA Professor of Classics University Ohio State University Portland, OR John D. McGinnis, PhD Columbus, OH Associate Professor of David E. Williams, PhD Finance Emeritus Abraham H. Miller, PhD Distinguished Professor Penn State University Emeritus Professor of Oregon State University Altoona, PA Political Science Corvallis, OR University of Cincinnati John H. Moore, BSE, MBA, Cincinnati, OH Roland Armando Alum PhD Professor, Center for Latin President Emeritus Dale W. Schaefer, PhD American Studies Grove City College Professor Emeritus External Research Associate Grove City, PA University of Cincinnati University of Pittsburgh Cincinnati, OH Pittsburgh, PA David Puts, PhD Associate Professor of Tim Spiekerman, PhD George E. Andrews Anthropology Professor of Political Science Evan Pugh University Pennsylvania State University Kenyon College Professor in Mathematics University Park, PA Gambier, OH Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA Martin A. Rice Jr., PhD Richard Vedder, PhD Associate Professor of Distinguished Professor of Eugene A. Dolecki, MS, PE Philosophy Economics Emeritus Mechanical Engineering The University of Pittsburgh-- Ohio University Instructor Johnstown Athens, OH Penn State University Johnstown, PA University Park, PA Victor Lindsey, PhD Bradley C.S. Watson, JD, PhD Professor Emeritus of English Arthur Thomas Donato Professor of Politics and East Central University Adjunct Faculty Philip M. McKenna Chair Ada, OK Villanova University American and Western Villanova, PA Political Thought John Oakley Beahrs, MD Saint Vincent College Professor Emeritus of Richard P. Hallion, PhD Latrobe, PA Psychiatry Visiting Chair of Military Oregon Health and Science History University Army War College Portland, OR Carlisle Barracks, PA

Paul Anghinetti, MA, PhD Christopher A Hill, PhD Donald A. Hicks, PhD Professor Emeritus Associate Professor of Professor, Public Policy & Rhode Island College English Political Economy Providence, RI University of Tennessee at University of Texas at Dallas Martin Richardson, TX Luigi Bradizza, PhD Martin, TN Associate Professor of John C. Holbert, PhD Political Science Norman Lillegard, M.Div, PhD Lois Craddock Perkins Salve Regina University Professor Emeritus Professor Emeritus of Newport, RI University of Tennessee - Homiletics Martin Perkins School of Theology Carnes Lord, PhD Martin, TN Southern Methodist Professor of Strategic University Leadership Wayne Morris, PhD Dallas, TX US Naval War College Professor of History (Retired) Newport, RI Lees-McRae College Thomas K. Hubbard, PhD Kingsport, TN James R. Dougherty Jr., Naomi Farber, PhD, MSW Centennial Professor of Associate Professor John Schommer, PhD Classics College of Social Work Professor of Mathematics University of Texas at Austin University of South Carolina University of Tennessee at Austin, TX Columbia, SC Martin Martin, TN Dr. Stan Liebowitz Steven Grosby Ashbel Smith Professor of Professor Emeritus Diane Allen, PhD Economics Clemson University Professor, Retired University of Texas at Dallas Clemson, SC Midland College Richardson, TX Midland, TX Paul C. Peterson, PhD Baker A. Mitchell, Jr. Distinguished Professor, Timothy W. Burns, PhD Associate Biomathematician, Emeritus Professor of Political Science Retired Department of Politics and Graduate Program Head, Section of Computer Coastal Carolina University Director, Political Science Science, University of Texas Conway, SC Baylor University M.D. Anderson Cancer Waco, TX Research Center Richard l. Swallow, PhD Houston, TX Emeritus Professor of Biology John H. Cayce Coker University Chief Justice (Ret.) Thomas L. Pangle, PhD Hartsville, SC Second Court of Appeals Joe R. Long Endowed Chair in Fort Worth, TX Democratic Studies Charles M. Garner, PhD Department of Government Associate Professor Simon Fass, PhD University of Texas at Austin University of Memphis Associate Professor of Public Austin, TX Memphis, TN Policy School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, TX

Michael Platt, PhD Lloyd Cohen, PhD, JD Paul G. Mahoney Friends of the Republic Professor of Law David and Mary Harrison Professor of Philosophy, Scalia Law School Distinguished Professor of Statesmanship, and Arlington, VA Law Literature University of Virginia School Fredericksbury, TX Harold Geller, MA, DA of Law Associate Professor and Charlottesville, VA David R. Sweet, PhD Observatory Director Associate Professor of George Mason University Joyce Lee Malcolm Classics Fairfax, VA Patrick Henry Professor of University of Dallas Constitutional Law and the Irving, TX Tim Groseclose, PhD Second Amendment Professor of Economics Antonin Scalia Law School Jonathan Uhr, MD George Mason University George Mason University Emeritus Professor of Fairfax, VA Fairfax, VA Medicine and Microbiology Texas Southwestern Medical Jason Scott Johnston, JD, PhD Steven E. Rhoads, PhD Center Henry L. and Grace Doherty Professor of Politics Emeritus Dallas, TX Charitable Foundation University of Virginia Professor Charlottesville, VA Royal Skousen, PhD Professor of Linguistics Armistead M. Dobie Eric Rozenman, MA Brigham Young University Professor Adjunct Faculty, History Provo, UT University of Virginia School Northern Virginia of Law Community College Wayne H. Whaley, PhD Charlottesville, VA Annandale, VA Professor of Zoology Utah Valley University Todd B. Kashdan, PhD James A. Soderberg, M.Div. Orem, UT Professor of Psychology Adjunct Faculty, Philosophy George Mason University & Religion Nicholas H. Wolfinger Fairfax, VA Virginia Western Community Professor College Department of Family and Jeff Lipkes, PhD Roanoke, VA Consumer Studies Director of International University of Utah Programs and Assistant David Stoll Salt Lake City, UT Professor of History (Retired) Professor of Anthropology Hollins College Middlebury College Robert Benne, PhD Roanoke, VA Middlebury, VT Jordan-Trexler Professor of Religion Emeritus Julia D. Mahoney Michael Allen, PhD Roanoke College John S. Battle Professor of Professor Emeritus of History Salem, VA Law University of Washington, University of Virginia School Tacoma David E. Bernstein of Law Tacoma, WA University Professor Charlottesville, VA Antonin Scalia Law School George Mason University Arlington, VA

Ronald H. Averill, BFS, MA R.L. McNeely, PhD, JD Colonel, U.S. Army Retired Professor Emeritus Dean of Social Sciences Bader School of Social (Retired) Welfare South Puget Sound University of Wisconsin- Community College Milwaukee Olympia, WA Milwaukee, WI

Lowell S Brown, PhD Stephen M. Robinson, PhD Professor of Physics Emeritus Professor Emeritus University of Washington University of Wisconsin- Seattle, WA Madison Madison, WI Donald Downs, PhD Alexander Meiklejohn John M. Wermuth, AB, MBA Professor Emeritus of University of Wisconsin Political Science Retired University of Wisconsin- Elm Grove, WI Madison Madison, WI

W. Lee Hansen, PhD Professor Emeritus, Economics University of Wisconsin- Madison Madison, WI

Scott Idleman, JD, MPA Professor of Law Marquette University Milwaukee, WI

Jeffrey M. Jones, MD, PhD Professor Emeritus of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, WI

John McAdams Associate Professor Political Science Marquette University Milwaukee, WI