OFFICERS * Roswell B. Perkins, Chair of the Council Charles Alan Wright, President Patricia M. Wald, 1st Vice President Michael Traynor, 2nd Vice President Bennett Boskey, Treasurer Geoffrey C. Hazard, Jr., Director Elena A. Cappella, Deputy Director Michael Greenwald, Deputy Director
COUNCIL * Shirley S. Abrahamson Madison Wisconsin Philip S. Anderson Little Rock Arkansas Susan Frelich Appleton St. Louis Missouri Richard Sheppard Arnold Little Rock Arkansas Sheila L. Birnbaum New York New York Allen D. Black Philadelphia Pennsylvania Bennett Boskey Washington District of Columbia Michael Boudin Boston Massachusetts William M. Burke Hong Kong Hong Kong Hugh Calkins Cleveland Ohio Gerhard Casper Stanford California William T. Coleman, Jr. Washington District of Columbia Edward H. Cooper Ann Arbor Michigan N. Lee Cooper Birmingham Alabama Roger C. Cramton Ithaca New York Lloyd N. Cutler Washington District of Columbia George H.T. Dudley St. Thomas U.S. Virgin Islands Christine M. Durham Salt Lake City Utah William H. Erickson Denver Colorado Thomas E. Fairchild Madison Wisconsin John P. Frank Phoenix Arizona George Clemon Freeman, Jr. Richmond Virginia Jamie S. Gorelick Washington District of Columbia Conrad K. Harper Washington District of Columbia Benjamin W. Heineman, Jr. Fairfield Connecticut Vester T. Hughes, Jr. Dallas Texas Nicholas deB. Katzenbach Princeton New Jersey Herma Hill Kay Berkeley California Judith S. Kaye New York New York Carolyn Dineen King Houston Texas Pierre N. Leval New York New York
* As of March 1, 1996 COUNCIL Edward Hirsch Levi Chicago Illinois Betsy Levin Washington District of Columbia Hans A. Linde Salem Oregon Martin Lipton New York New York Robert MacCrate New York New York John W. Martin, Jr. Dearborn Michigan Hale McCown Lincoln Nebraska Vincent L. McKusick Portland Maine Robert H. Mundheim Philadelphia Pennsylvania Roswell B. Perkins New York New York Harvey S. Perlman Lincoln Nebraska Ellen Ash Peters Hartford Connecticut Louis H. Pollak Philadelphia Pennsylvania Ernest J. Sargeant Boston Massachusetts Mary M. Schroeder Phoenix Arizona Bernard G. Segal* Philadelphia Pennsylvania Sherwin P. Simmons Miami Florida Win. Reece Smith, Jr. Tampa Florida Robert A. Stein Chicago Illinois John T. Subak Philadelphia Pennsylvania Michael Traynor San Francisco California Bill Wagner Tampa Florida Patricia M. Wald Washington District of Columbia Lawrence E. Walsh Oklahoma City Oklahoma Elizabeth Warren Cambridge Massachusetts William H. Webster Washington District of Columbia George Whittenburg Amarillo Texas Herbert P. Wilkins Boston Massachusetts James H. Wilson, Jr. Atlanta Georgia Charles Alan Wright Austin Texas
Emeritus Council Members Joseph F. Johnston Birmingham Alabama Charles Merton Merrill San Francisco California Lyman M. Tondel, Jr. Aurora Colorado Herbert Wechsler** New York New York John Minor Wisdom New Orleans Louisiana
The Executive Office THE AMERICAN LAW INSTITUTE 4025 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-3099
* Counselor Emeritus **DirectorEmeritus REPORTER *NEIL B. COHEN, Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, New York
ASSOCIATE REPORTER DANIEL MUNGALL, JR., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
ADVISERS ** PETER A. ALCES, College of William and Mary, Marshall-Wythe School of Law, Williamsburg, Virginia DENNIS B. ARNOLD, Los Angeles, California JAMES A. BLACK, JR., Tampa, Florida PHILLIP I. BLUMBERO, University of Connecticut School of Law, Hartford, Connecticut JAMES F. CROWDER, JR., Miami, Florida JOHN F. DOLAN, Wayne State University Law School, Detroit, Michigan E. ALLAN FARNSWORTH, Columbia University School of Law, New York, New York C. ALLEN FOSTER, Greensboro, North Carolina [from 1991] T. SCOTT LEO, Chicago, Illinois GERALD T. MCLAUGHLIN, Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, California PATRICK J. O'CONNOR, JR., Minneapolis, Minnesota DONALD J. RAPSON, Livingston, New Jersey HUGH E. REYNOLDS, Jr., Indianapolis, Indiana HOWARD RUDA, New York, New York PETER WINSHIP, Southern Methodist University School of Law, Dallas, Texas ROBERT A. ZADEK, San Francisco, California
EX OFFICIO
ROSWELL B. PERKINS, New York, New York Chairof the Council, The American Law Institute CHARLES ALAN WRIGHT, Austin, Texas President,The American Law Institute GEOFFREY C. HAzARD, JR., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Director, The American Law Institute
* The American Law Institute Justice R. Ammi Cutter Reporter [from 1994]. ** Status as of May 19,1995. MEMBERS CONSULTATIVE GROUP (as of March 21, 1995) DONALD W. BAKER, Tuscaloosa, Al- DONALD BARNETT KING, St. Louis, abama Missouri
D. BENJAMIN BEARD, Moscow, Idaho HARVEY C. KOCH, New Orleans, Louisiana RANDALL T. BELL, South Carolina Court of Appeals, Columbia, GERALD KORNGOLD, Cleveland, South Carolina Ohio MARION W. BENFIELD, JR., Winston- HOUSTON PUTNAM LOWRY, Farming- Salem, North Carolina ton, Connecticut
ROBERT MICHAEL BERGER, Chicago, W. CULLEN MACDONALD, New York, Illinois New York MARIAN MAYER BERKETT, New Or- CHARLES W. MOONEY, JR., Philadel- leans, Louisiana phia, Pennsylvania AMELIA H. Boss, Philadelphia, DAVYD A. MURLOCH, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania EDWARD R. BROWN, Cleveland, Ohio THOMAS A. QUINTRELL, Cleveland, JOHN P. BURTON, Santa Fe, New Ohio Mexico HUGH M. RAY, Houston, Texas HELEN DAVIS CHAITMAN, Somerset, MICHAEL H. RUBIN, Baton Rouge, New Jersey Louisiana ALBERT L. CLOVIS, Columbus, Ohio VICTOR A. SACHSE III, Baton Rouge, FREDERICK U. CONARD, JR., Hart- Louisiana ford, Connecticut MILTON R. SCHROEDER, Tempe, Ari- ANTHONY M. DILEO, New Orleans, zona Louisiana STEVEN L. SCHWARCZ, New York, DAVID JOEL FRISCH, Wilmington, New York Delaware JOHN S. SEUG, Little Rock, Arkan- A. H. GAEDE, JR., Birmingham, Al- ass abama GEOFFREY B. SHIELDS, Chicago, Illi- MARVIN GARFINKEL, Philadelphia, nois Pennsylvania ROBERT E. SHIELDS, Philadelphia, A. SPENCER GILBERT III, Jackson, Pennsylvania Mississippi PAUL M. SHUPACK, New York, New HENRY M. GRETHER, JR., Carlsbad, York California EDWIN E. SMITH, Boston, Massa- HARRIS L. HARTZ, New Mexico chusetts Court of Appeals, Albuquerque, New Mexico GERALD K. SMITH, Phoenix, Arizona MEMBERS CONSULTATIVE GROUP
SHALE D. STILLER, Baltimore, RONALD FREDERICK WATERMAN, He- Maryland lena, Montana CHARLES A. SuLLrvAN, Newark, New JAMES J. WHITE, Ann Arbor, Michi- Jersey gan MICHAEL IRVEN SWYGERT, St. Pe- PAUL A. WOLKIN, Philadelphia, tersburg, Florida Pennsylvania HOWARD P. WALTHALL, Birming- MICHAEL J. ZIMMER, New York, ham, Alabama New York