Characterisation of European Marine Sites Plymouth Sound and Estuaries (candidate) Special Area of Conservation Special Protection Area Marine Biological Association Occasional publication No. 9 Cover photographs: Environment Agency Site Characterisation of the South West European Marine Sites Plymouth Sound and Estuaries cSAC, SPA W.J. Langston∗1, B.S. Chesman1, G.R.Burt1, S.J. Hawkins1, J. Readman2 and 3 P.Worsfold April 2003 A study carried out on behalf of the Environment Agency and English Nature by the Plymouth Marine Science Partnership ∗ 1 (and address for correspondence): Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB (email:
[email protected]): 2Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth; 3PERC, Plymouth University, Drakes Circus, Plymouth ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks are due to members of the steering group for advice and help during this project, notably, Mark Taylor, Roger Covey and Mark Wills of English Nature and Nicky Cunningham, Sacha Rogers and Roger Saxon of the Environment Agency (South West Region). The helpful contributions of other EA personnel, including Ian Warden, David Marshall and Jess Pennington are also gratefully acknowledged. It should be noted, however, that the opinions expressed in this report are largely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of EA or EN. © 2003 by Marine Biological Association of the U.K., Plymouth Devon All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the Marine Biological Association. ii Plate 1: Some of the operations/activities which may cause disturbance or deterioration to key interest features of Plymouth Sound and Estuaries cSAC, SPA 1: (left) The Tamar valley is highly mineralised and has a history of mining activity.