JOURNAL OF VOLUME 68 * MARCH 1994 * NUMBER 3

Arnold J. Levine, Editor in Chlief (1994) Vincent R. Racaniello, Editor (1997) Princeton University Columbia University Princeton, N.J. Peter M. Howley, Editor (1998) New York, N.Y Harvard Medical School John M. Coffin, Editor (1996) Boston, Mass. Thomas E. Shenk, Editor (1994) Tufts University Medical School Princeton University Boston, Mass. Michael B. A. Oldstone, Editor (1994) Princeton, N.J. Scripps Clinic & Research Founidation Ronald C. Desrosiers, Editor (1998) La Jolla, Calif Joseph Sodroski, Editor (1998) Harvard Medical School Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Mass. Carol Prives, Editor (1996) Boston, Mass. Columbia University Mary K. Estes, Editor (1998) New York, N.Y Inder M. Verma, Editor (1998) Baylor College of Medicine The Salk Institute Houston, Tex. San Diego, Calif

EDITORIAL BOARD Rafi Ahmed (1994) Hidesaburo Hanafusa (1995) Richard W. Moyer (1995) Robert J. Schneider (1994) Carl C. Baker (1994) Ed Harlow (1996) James Mullins (1996) Manfred H. Schubert (1996) Amiya K. Banerjee (1996) Gary S. Hayward (1996) Brian R. Murphy (1994) Bartholomew M. Sefton (1994) Kenneth I. Berns (1994) Ari H. Helenius (1996) Nicholas A. Muzyczka (1996) Bert L. Semler (1995) Joseph B. Bolen (1994) Virginia S. Hinshaw (1996) Gerald Myers (1995) David A. Shafritz (1994) Thomas J. Braciale (1994) David D. Ho (1996) Gary J. Nabel (1996) Yosef Shaul (1995) John Brady (1994) James M. Hogle (1994) Opendra Narayan (1994) Saul J. Silverstein (1994) Thomas R. Broker (1995) John J. Holland (1996) Neal Nathanson (1996) Daniel T. Simmons (1995) Michael J. Buchmeier (1995) Kathryn V. Holmes (1994) Jay A. Nelson (1994) Anna Marie Skalka (1996) Robert Callahan (1994) Nancy Hopkins (1995) Joseph R. Nevins (1994) Nahum Sonenberg (1996) Barrie J. Carter (1996) Stephen H. Hughes (1994) Dennis O'Callaghan (1995) Arne Stenlund (1995) Mark Challberg (1995) Eric Hunter (1996) Peter Palese (1994) Mark F. Stinski (1995) Irvin S. Y. Chen (1996) Tony Hunter (1995) Enzo Paoletti (1994) Jonathan P. Stoye (1996) Bruce W. Chesebro (1994) Nancy A. Jenkins (1995) Takis S. Papas (1996) James H. Strauss (1996) Donald M. Coen (1995) Richard A. Katz (1996) Tristram G. Parslow (1996) Bill Sugden (1996) Gary H. Cohen (1994) Jack D. Keene (1994) J. Thomas Parsons (1995) Jesse Summers (1995) Charles N. Cole (1995) Thomas J. Kelly (1994) C. David Pauza (1996) Ron Swanstrom (1996) Peter L. Collins (1994) Elliott Kieff (1996) David J. Pintel (1995) Peter J. Tattersall (1995) Richard C. Condit (1995) Karla Kirkegaard (1996) Abraham Pinter (1994) John M. Taylor (1996) Neal G. Copeland (1995) Geoffrey R. Kitchingman (1995) James M. Pipas (1996) Howard M. Temin (1994) Richard J. Courtney (1995) Daniel F. Klessig (1994) Lewis I. Pizer (1996) Mary J. Tevethia (1996) Clyde S. Crumpacker H (1994) David M. Knipe (1994) Nancy Raab-Traub (1996) Satvir S. Tevethia (1994) Bryan R. Cullen (1996) Hsing-Jien Kung (1996) Arnold B. Rabson (1996) David A. Thorley-Lawson (1994) Thomas Curran (1994) Ching-Juh Lai (1996) R. Frank Ramig (1994) Paula Traktman (1995) Samuel Dales (1994) Michael Lai (1994) Dan S. Ray (1995) Didier Trono (1996) Daniel DiMaio (1994) Jonathan Leis (1994) Alan R. Rein (1996) Philip N. Tsichlis (1995) Walter Doerfier (1995) Jack Lenz (1996) Carol S. Reiss (1996) Kenneth L. Tyler (1994) Elvera Ehrenfeld (1995) Norman L. Letvin (1995) Solon L. Rhode (1995) Luis V. Villarreal (1994) Robert N. Eisenman (1994) Maxine Linial (1994) William S. Robinson (1995) Peter K. Vogt (1996) John Elder (1996) David M. Livingston (1994) Bernard Roizman (1994) Edward K. Wagner (1995) Michael Emerman (1995) Douglas R. Lowy (1995) John K. Rose (1994) Robert G. Webster (1996) Suzanne U. Emerson (1995) Paul J. Maddon (1996) Craig Rosen (1996) Raymond M. Welsh (1994) Lynn W. Enquist (1994) James L. Manley (1995) Naomi Rosenberg (1995) Gail Wertz (1994) Hung Fan (1994) Malcolm A. Martin (1995) Barry T. Rouse (1996) J. Lindsay Whitton (1995) Ellen Fanning (1994) William S. Mason (1994) Roland R. Rueckert (1994) Reed B. Wickner (1994) Bernard Fleckenstein (1996) Michael B. Mathews (1994) Norman P. Salzman (1996) John W. Wills (1995) Jane Flint (1996) Alan McLachlan (1996) Charles E. Samuel (1995) Eckard Wimmer (1994) William R. Folk (1994) A. Dusty Miller (1994) Richard Jude Samulski (1995) Flossie Wong-Staal (1996) Paul D. Friesen (1994) Lois K. Miller (1994) Peter Sarnow (1996) Moshe Yaniv (1995) Denise A. Galloway (1995) Edward S. Mocarski (1996) Nava Sarver (1996) Charles Hamish Young (1995) Don Ganem (1994) Peter Model (1995) Dorothea L. Sawicki (1994) Harald zur Hausen (1995) Costa P. Georgopoulos (1995) John P. Moore (1996) Priscilla A. Schaffer (1996) Joseph C. Glorioso (1995) Elizabeth Moran (1996) Heinz Schaller (1995) Harry B. Greenberg (1995) Bernard Moss (1995) Sondra Schlesinger (1995)

Barbara H. Iglewski, Chairman, Publications Board Linda M. Illig, Director, Journals Judith Nedrow, Production Editor Arthur Gelmis, Assistant Production Editor

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Adachi, Akio, 1438 De Leys, Robert J., 1586 Hearing, Janet, 1913 Leenders, William, 1516 Adams, Sally E., 1624 Dempsey, M. P., 2021 Hengartner, Hans, 1573 Le Grice, Stuart F. J., 1970 Adorini, Luciano, 1573 Depla, Erik, 1516 Hernandez, J., 1407 Lehky, Tanya J., 1854 Adrian, Marc, 1935 Derse, David, 1998 Hertogs, Kurt, 1516 Lehner, Thomas, 1624 Agol, Vadim I., 1544 Desai, Prashant, 1864 Higo, Kyoko, 1438 Leib, Steven R., 1459 Ahn, Byung-Yoon, 1360 Desrosiers, Ronald C., 2031 Hijikata, Minako, 1494 Levine, Arnold J., 1334 Alfonso, Ryan D., 1342 Desselberger, Ulrich, 1682 Hill, J. M., 1283 Levine, Myron, 1864 Alkhatib, Ghalib, 1522 Devi-Rao, G. B., 1271, 1283, Hines, Melissa T., 1459 Liang, T. Jake, 1651 Alter, Harvey J., 1494 1972 Hirama, Toshiyasu, 1438 Liebert, Uwe G., 1486 Dholakia, Jaydev N., 1544 Ho, David D., 2016 Ling, Wang, 1438 Baczko, Knut, 1486, 1532 Dimitrov, Dimiter S., 1956, Holsinger, Leslie J., 1551 Lo, Wei-Yu, 1758 Barringer, Kevin, 1660 1962 Hong, G., 2011 Loffler, S., 1486 Batt, David B., 1797 Doerr, M., 1750 Hoover, Edward A., 1843 Looney, David, 1660 Battegay, Manuel, 1951 Domingo, E., 1407 Hope, Thomas J., 1998 Lopez, Susana, 1316 Belardelli, Filippo, 1983 Donoghue, Eileen, 1942 Hostomsky, Zdenek, 1970 Bergmeier, Lesley A., 1624 Dorfman, Tatyana, 1689 Huang, C. J., 1972 Ma, Xiao-Yue, 1714 Berns, K. I., 2011 Dubochet, Jacques, 1935 Huang, Jiakang, 1651 Mammano, Fabrizio, 1689 Bex, Francoise, 1843 Dupont, Francis, 1397 Huang, Ming, 1903 Mancuso, Victoria A., 1998 Bischoff, David S., 1728 Huang, Mingjun, 1564 Manischewitz, Jody, 1962 Biswas, Siddhartha K., 1819 Eberle, Josef, 1581 Hughes, Stephen H., 1970 Marcon, Luisa, 1977 Blewett, Earl, 1667 Edmonson, Paul F., 1843 Hussain, Luma, 1624 Martinez, M. A., 1407 Bloom, D. C., 1271, 1283 Edwards, Rachel Hood, 1309 Massie, Bernard, 1522 Blum, Hubert E., 1651 Enami, Kazue, 1432 Ignacio, Caroline, 1660 Masuda, Toru, 1438 Blumenthal, Robert, 1956, Enami, Masayoshi, 1432 Ishimoto, Akinori, 1438 Mateu, M. G., 1407 1962 Enderle, Kristine, 1675 Israel, Zimra R., 1843 Maul, Donald H., 1843 Bohnlein, Ernst, 1706 Erickson, John W., 2016 Iwamoto, Aikichi, 1494 McGuire, Travis C., 1459 Boone, Elizabeth, 1942 Ernst, Sandra M., 1773 Iwashiro, Michihiro, 1438 McKnight, J. L. C., 1750 Borghi, Paola, 1983 Fabry, Luc, 1843 Meerovitch, Karen, 1544 Brassfield, Alberta L., 1459 Fantuzzi, Laura, 1983 Jacobson, Steven, 1854 Melber, Karl, 1418 Briedis, Dalius, 1522 Farnet, Chris M., 1633 Jawahar, Satya, 1697 Mertens, Thomas, 1418 Brookes, Roger, 1624 Feigelstock, D., 1407 Jenkins, Nancy A., 1293 Mettenleiter, Thomas C., 1667 Bruck, Claudine, 1843 Fink, David J., 1864 Jiang, Guihua, 1864 Meyers, Nicola, 1624 Bruendler, Marie-Anne, 1951 Fisenne, Kimberly, 1913 Jolicoeur, Paul, 1903 Mirro, Jane, 1773 Bruss, Volker, 1643 Flanagan, S. G., 1486 Jones, Clinton, 1706 Misra, Vikram, 1667 Bukrinsky, M. I., 2021 Freer, Giulia, 1573 Justice, Monica J., 1293 Mo, Hongmei, 2016 Buller, R. Mark, 1737 Frolov, Ilya, 1721 Mocarski, Edward S., 1886 Burgert, Hans-Gerhard, 1442 Kakimi, Kazuhiro, 1438 Morimoto, Alyssa M., 1837 Fultz, Patricia N., 1843 Kalland, Karl-H., 1475 Burke, Bernard, 1682 Furnari, Frank B., 1827 Moriuchi, Hiroyuki, 1987 Burkhart, Christoph, 1573 Kaptue, Lazare, 1581 Moriuchi, Masako, 1987 Burny, Arsene, 1843 Garces, Javier, 1935 Karlin, Samuel, 1886 Morrow, Casey D., 1605 Burt, Stan K., 2016 Gearing, Andy J. H., 1624 Kawaoka, Y., 1790 Morse, Herbert C., III, 1293 Butcher, J. Alan, 1509 Gessani, Sandra, 1983 Keenan, Lawrence, 1350 Moshage, Han, 1516 Byrne, Katherine M., 1459 Giralt, E., 1407 Kempf, Dale J., 2016 Mosialos, George, 1697 Glasgow, Wayne C., 1737 Kenan, Daniel J., 1544 Moskophidis, Demetrius, 1951 Campbell, Ann E., 1805 Glorioso, Joseph C., 1864 Kenney, Shannon, 1827 Moss, Bernard, 1360 Cannon, Paula, 1993 Goff, Stephen P., 1970 Kestler, Harry W., III, 2031 Mossman, Sally P., 1843 Carmichael, Gordon G., 1797 Goldfarb, D., 2021 Kieff, Elliott, 1449, 1697 Mullins, James I., 1843 Cassan, Michel, 1501 Golding, Hana, 1962 Kim, Seon-Hee, 1993 Mumby, Marc C., 1675 Castro, Rodrigo, 1573 Gottlinger, Heinrich G., 1689, Kim, Sunyoung, 1993 Mungre, Shubhangee, 1675 Chao, Wei, 1714 1926 Kinchington, Paul R., 1350 Myers, Maureen, 1660 Chatila, Talal A., 1697 Gresser, Ion, 1951 Kirchhoff, Frank, 2031 Cheeseman, Sarah, 1660 Griffin, Johanna, 1660 Klavinskis, Linda S., 1624 Nagashima, Kunio, 1773 Chen, Chih-ming, 2016 Grose, Charles, 1350 Knapp, Stefan, 1581 Nakada, Susumu, 1432 Chen, Steve S.-L., 2002 Guidotti, Luca G., 1265 Komatz, Yosuke, 1438 Nakagawa, Yoshiaki, 1438 Chisari, Francis V., 1265 Guilhot, Stephane, 1265 Kopp, Annegret, 1667 Nayak, Debi P., 1812, 1819 Chung, Thomas D. Y., 1509 Gulizia, J., 2021 Korner, Heinrich, 1442 Neuhausen, Frank, 1765 Cohen, David I., 1942 Guo, Lan-Ping, 1397 Krystal, Mark, 1509 Ng, Teresa I., 1350 Cohen, Eric A., 1926 Gurtler, Lutz G., 1581 Kubo, Yoshinao, 1438 Nichani, Deepali, 1551 Cohen, Jeffrey I., 1987 Kuhn, Richard J., 1316 Norbeck, Daniel, 2016 Cole, Charles N., 1334 Hagen, Moira, 1509 Kundu, Amitabha, 1812 Norcross, Michael, 1706 Conti, Lucia, 1983 Hanissian, Silva H., 1697 Kung, Hsing-Jien, 1615 Copeland, Neal G., 1293 Hanson, Carl V., 1342 Kuribayashi, Kagemasa, 1438 Oldstone, Christopher, 1382 Corbeil, Jacques, 1660 Harrison, Sarah, 1913 O'Neil, Shawn P., 1843 Cowan, Elliot P., 1854 Hasegawa, Kiyoshi, 1651 Ladha, Azim, 1926 O'Rourke, Katherine I., 1459 Crabbe, T., 1516 Haseltine, William A., 1633, Laine, Elisabeth, 1951 Crawford-Miksza, Leta, 1342 1689, 1926 Lamb, Robert A., 1551 Pagano, Joseph S., 1827 Cubitt, Beatrice, 1371, 1382 Hatzoglou, Maria, 1615 Lampson, Lois A., 1854 Palma, E. L., 1407 Haukenes, Gunnar, 1475 Lane, H. Clifford, 1942 Palumbo, Gregory J., 1737 De Bruin, Wieke, 1516 Hauser, Peter H., 1581 Langhoff, Erik, 1475 Panagiotidi, Christina, 1624 Decourt, Jean-Luc, 1586 Havlir, Diane, 1660 Lavallee, Claude, 1926 Paoletti, Enzo, 1522 de la Torre, Juan Carlos, Hayman, Michael J., 1837 Laver, W. G., 1790 Parslow, Tristram G., 1998 1371, 1382 Haynes, Jacqueline Gordon, Lea, S., 1407 Pauletti, Dan, 1660 Delaunay, Nathalie, 1501 1773 Lee, Han S., 1544 Perez, J. J., 1407 i ii AUTHOR INDEX J. VIROL.

Perryman, Lance E., 1459 Saputelli, Jeffrey, 2026 Sullivan, John, 1660 Vink, Cornelis, 1468 Phillips, Tom, 1998 Sato, Takeshi A., 1432 Summers, Jesse, 1564 Volsky, David J., 1714 Pinto, Lawrence H., 1551 Sawyer, Lynette S. W., 1342 Suryanarayana, Kalachar, von Brunn, Albrecht, 1581 Pipas, James M., 1334 Schachtel, Gabriel A., 1886 1532 Vujcic, Luba, 1962 Pitha, Paula M., 1324 Schirmbeck, Reinhold, 1418 Svitkin, Yuri V., 1544 Plasterk, Ronald H. A., 1468 Schlesinger, Sondra, 1721 Szilvay, Anne Marie, 1475 Wagner, Edward K., 1271, Popik, Waldemar, 1324 Schmitt, Manfred J., 1765 1283, 1972 Porras, Analia, 1675 Seeger, Christoph, 2026 Taddeo, Brunella, 1633 Wagner, Robert R., 1532 Potts, Barbara, 1342 Sepp, T., 1426 Tani, Yoshihiko, 1942 Wakefield, John K., 1605 Puddu, Patrizia, 1983 Sharova, N., 2021 Tao, Louisa, 1624 Wang, A. L., 1426 Purcell, Robert H., 1494 Sharpe, Sandra, 1942 Taylor, G., 1790 Wang, C. C., 1426 Shen, Shi-Hsiang, 1522 Taylor, Jill, 1522 Wang, Jinhai, 1706 Quartin, Robin S., 1334 Shen, Shuo, 1682 Taylor-Wiedeman, Jean, 1597 Ward, P., 2011 Quinlivan, E. Byrd, 1827 Shepley, Michael P., 1301 Tenenbaum, Liliane, 1397 Weber, Patricia A., 1342 Shih, Cheng-Kon, 1660 ter Meulen, Volker, 1486, Webster, R. G., 1790 Raab-Traub, Nancy, 1309 Shimizu, Yohko K., 1494 1532 Weinberg, Randall, 1522 Racaniello, Vincent R., 1301 Shin, Cha-Gyun, 1633 Thiriart, Clotilde, 1843 Wideburg, Norman E., 2016 Ramakrishnan, Ramesh, 1864 Shirako, Yukio, 1874 Thomssen, Reiner, 1643 Wiesmuller, Karl-Heinz, 1573 Rapp, Lisa M., 1797 Simard, Carole, 1903 Ting, Ling-Pai, 1758 Wittek, Riccardo, 1935 Razzaque, Abdur, 1706 Sinclair, John, 1597 Tomkinson, Blake, 1449 Wrin, M. Terri, 1342 Reimann, Jorg, 1418 Singh, Mandaleshwar K., 2016 Toyoshima, Takuo, 2016 Wu, Jin Yun, 1615 Rein, Alan, 1773 Sissons, Patrick, 1597 Tsague, Jean M., 1581 Wu, Yaming, 1342 Rhim, Hyangshuk, 1605 Slater, Jacquelyn S., 1805 Tumas, Daniel B., 1459 Wu, Yun-Qi, 1675 Rice, M. K., 1972 Slavicek, James M., 1728 Turk, Ben, 1675 Yao, Jian-sheng, 1316 Richardson, Christopher, 1522 Smith, Darlene, 1522 Yao, Xiao Jian, 1926 Richman, Douglas D., 1660 Smith, Holly A., 1987 Ulich, Catherine, 1993 Yap, Sing Hiem, 1516 Richter, Karsten, 1935 Sodroski, Joseph, 1977 Yoshikura, Hiroshi, 1494 Rima, B. K., 1486 Sonenberg, Nahum, 1544 Vanden Haesevelde, Marleen, Robertson, Erle S., 1449 Sova, Pavel, 1714 1586 Zacny, Valerie, 1827 Robinson, Dan, 1615 Spector, Stephen A., 1660 Vanderborght, Bart, 1586 Zeicher, Marc, 1397 Roder, John, 1522 Spegelaere, Pierre, 1397 van der Groen, Guido, 1586 Zekeng, Leopold, 1581 Rogers, Steven A., 1651 Spitz, L., 2021 van der Linden, Karin H., Zhang, Y., 1750 Rommelaere, Jean, 1397 Spouge, John L., 1782 1468 Zhang, Yifan, 1360 Rousset, Jean-Pierre, 1501 Stevens, J. G., 1271, 1283 van Heuverswijn, Hugo, 1586 Zhu, Li, 1998 Rundell, Kathleen, 1675 Stevenson, M., 2021 Van Opstal, Omer, 1843 Zinkernagel, Rolf M., 1573, Strauss, Ellen G., 1316 Vaquero, Catherine, 1501 1951 Saito, T., 1790 Strauss, James H., 1316, 1874 Vara, Lisa, 1697 Zolla-Pazner, Susan, 1942 Saman, Eric, 1586 Stuart, D., 1407 Varano, Barbara, 1983 Zoulim, Fabien, 2026 1994 APPLICATION FOR FULL MEMBERSHIP IN THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY 1325 Massachusetts Ave. NW - Washington, DC 20005-4171 * (202) 942-9319 * FAX (202) 942-9347 Eligibility ASM welcomes to full membership anyone who is interested in its objectives and has a minimum of a bachelor's degree or equivalent in microbiology or a related field. Initiation Memberships are initiated and renewed inJanuaryeach year. Unlessthe aredlretlonstothecontrary, membership nominations received prior to September 1 are credited to the current year. Nominations received after September 1 will become effective the following January. NAME Ms.MISS DR. (CIRCLE ONE) MRS. MR. FIRST INITIAL LAST MAIL NAME AS YOU WANT IT TO APPEAR ON YOUR MAILING LABEL ADDRESS WHERE YOU WANT TO RECEIVE YOUR SUBSCRIPTIONS

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