125 © the Author(S) 2017 D.I. Campbell, P.M. Whittle

Index1

NUMBERS AND SYMBOLS B 100% argument, 73 Back breeding, 31, 34 Backbreeding de-extinction, 15 Balance of nature, 99, 113 A Balance restoration argument, 99, 113 Alaskan red flat bark beetle, 66, 81 Beever, Jonathan, 69 American chestnut, 10, 72, 80 Biodiversity, 16 Animal welfare argument, 7, 115 Biodiversity restoration argument, 92, Anthropogenic de-extinction, 13 94, 96–98 Anthropogenic extinction, 6, 13 Black widow spider, 74 Anti-authenticist, 4, 50 Black-footed ferret, 9 Argument from coolness, 98 Blockstein, David, 6 Argument from the definition of Blue eyes in humans, 70 ‘extinction’, 74 Bucardo, 2, 3 Artificial womb, 40 Buller, Sir Walter, 23 Asian elephant, 10, 39, 72, 81, 83, 95 Assisted colonization, 16, 111 Auckland Island pigs, 71 C Aurochs, 35, 79, 106 Caesar, Julius, 35 Authentic de-extinction, 4, 13 Captive breeding, 104, 117 Authenticism, 4, 59, 84, 90, 113 Celia (the bucardo), 2, 3, 8, 11, 12, Authenticist, 4, 50 24, 82 Authenticity, 35, 84 Chimera, 16, 44, 108 Authenticity Question, 2, 7, 50, 84 Church, George, 39, 42

1 Notes: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refers to notes.

Clonal de-extinction, 15 F Cloning, 2, 3, 8, 15, 16, 39, 72, 75, Facilitated adaptation, 10, 72 83, 112 Freeze now and resurrect later, 102, Cohen, Shlomo, 119n2 105, 116 Conservation value, 20, 75, 77 Frozen zoo, 12, 107 Copying principle, 62, 63 Functional beauty, 18, 22, 84 CRISPR, 2, 34, 40 Functionally extinct, 11 Crist, Eileen, 102 Cryptobiosis, 14 Cryptobiotic de-extinction, 14, 66, 81 G Cuvier, Georges, 30 Gametic de-extinction, 14, 82 Gastric brooding frog, 12 Gene drive, 110 D Genesis argument, 64 Dawkins, Richard, 114, 119n1 Genetic determinism, 79 De-extinction, 2 Genetic drift, 104, 117 of gene, 9 Genetically depauperate, 9, 104 types of, 16 Genotype/phenotype theory (G/P Deferred de-extinction, 12, 100–103, theory), 84 105, 116 Gill, Jacquelyn, 36 Deleterious gene, 80 Göring, Herman, 31 Delmarva beggar’s tick, 20, 22 Grey wolf, 17 Discriminating de-extinction, 13, 80, 106, 118 DNA half-life, 36 H Dolly (the sheep), 1 Heck brothers, Lutz and Heinz, 32, 33, 35 Heck cattle, 32, 33 E Hennigian species concept, 65 Ecological beauty, 22, 24, 57, 62, 78, 84 Herridge, Teri, 36 Ecological proxy, 10, 40, 95 Holocene mass extinction, 6, 103, 111 Ecological restoration argument, 96 Hubris argument, 109, 112 Ecosystem de-extinction, 9, 11 Huia, 23, 81 Ecosystem engineering, 11, 17, 95 Hull, David, 65 Ehrenfeld, David, 22 Elliot, Robert, 57, 60 Embryonic de-extinction, 15 I Ethical Question, 8 Inbreeding depression, 9, 80, 104, Evolutionary potential, 9, 117 106, 117 Exacting de-extinction, 12, 22 Inexact de-extinction, 12 Extinction, 4, 66, 74 Interspecies gene de-extinction, 9, 10 of gene, 9 Interspecies primordial germ cell global, 16 transplantation (iPGCT), 16, 44, local, 16 75 INDEX 127

Intraspecies gene de-extinction, 9, 11 N iPGCT de-extinction, 16, 44 Naturalistic fallacy, 112 IUCN Red List, 4, 11, 91, 105 Nazis, 31, 33, 35 New Zealand, 110, 113 Ngati huia, 23 J Nominal de-extinction, 11, 104 Jurassic Park, 2, 36, 108 Non-anthropogenic de-extinction, 13 Justice argument, 94 Norton, Bryan, 21 Novak, Ben, 42, 45, 106 Numerical identity, 70 K Nussbaum, Martha, 114 Katipo spider, 74 Keystone species, 10, 17, 45, 95, 96, 117 O Oostvaardersplassen, 32 Outward beauty, 18, 22, 84 L Lascaux cave, 30 Least Concern de-extinction, 11, 104 P Leech project, 101 Pacific oyster, 72, 73, 82 Leopold, Aldo, 41, 45 Passenger pigeon, 53, 80, 92, 94, 106 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 18 Phylogenetic argument, 68 Limbo, 5, 66, 67 Phylogenetic species concept, 68 Phylogenetic tree, 68 Picasso, 55 M Pleistocene Park, 36 Mammophant, 40, 81 Policing nature, 114 Mammoth steppe, 62 Population-boosting argument, 77 Managed de-extinction, 12 Precautionary Principle, 108 Managed extinction, 6 Precipitate de-extinction, 12, 105 Māori, 23 Primordial germ cell transplantation Martha (the passenger pigeon), 41 (PGCT), 16, 44 Matthiessen, Peter, 5 Pristineness, 20, 23 McKibben, Bill, 57 Pseudo de-extinction, 4, 13, 50 McMahan, Jeff, 114 Pyrenean ibex, see Bucardo Meine, Curt, 69 Mill, John Stuart, 114 Minteer, Ben, 6, 7, 58, 110, 112, 115 Q Mitochondria, 3, 13, 72, 82 Qualitative identity, 70 Moral hazard, 118 Moral hazard argument, 97, 108, 117 R Mouflon, 76 Reconstructive de-extinction, 15 Mutation load, 13, 80, 106 Red back spider, 74 128 INDEX

Resource allocation argument, U 101–103, 117 Umbrella project, 101 Restoration thesis, 57 Undiscriminating de-extinction, 13 Resurrection thesis, 57, 58 Unmanaged de-extinction, 12 Rewilding, 32–35 Unnaturalness argument, 112–113 Rewilding argument, 106 Rewilding Europe, 33 Rolston, Holmes, 5, 20, 22 V R-selection, 114 Value aesthetic, 18 amenity, 18 S anthropocentric, 17 Sandler, Ronald, 58 cultural, 18, 23 Self-funding project, 100 economic, 17, 22 Shapiro, Beth, 34, 73, 77 intrinsic, 17, 21, 24 Siipi, Helena, 74 option, 17, 22 Smart politics argument, 97–98 scientific, 18, 22 Smith, Ian, 65 service, 17, 22 Somatic cell nuclear transfer, 15 Vulnerable de-extinction, 11 Soulé, Michael, 22 Speciation, 65 Species de-extinction, 9, 11 W Species membership criterion, 51 Woolly mammoth, 10, 41, 50, 64, 71, Species problem, 51, 54 74, 81, 95, 98 Switek, Brian, 6 Wyndham, John, 19

T Y Tauros Programme, 34 Yellowstone National Park, 17 Teachable moment argument, 116 Terminal extinction, 5, 66 Tiger, 71 Z Translocation, 16, 108, 117 Zimov, Sergey A., 38, 40 Triaging, 6, 103 Triffid, 19 Tyrannosaurus rex, 36