Northern Rivers CLSD Expressed Legal Need

LawAccess NSW, Legal Aid NSW & NSW Community Legal Centres

LGAs: Ballina, Byron, Kyogle, Lismore, Richmond Valley, Tweed The CLSD region is based on information provided to the Law and Justice Foundation of NSW in February 2019.

Prepared by the Law and Justice Foundation of NSW using the Legal Assistance Services Data Digest

Enquiries to: [email protected]

© Law and Justice Foundation of New South Wales, February 2019. This publication is copyright. It may be reproduced in part or in whole for educational purposes as long as proper credit is given to the Foundation. Prepared by Delphine Bellerose & Sarah Randell. The Cooperative Legal Service Delivery Program (CLSD) Program comprises twelve justice partnerships in regional and remote NSW. ➢ About the CLSD Program

This data pack provides a profile of the Northern Rivers CLSD region using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) and the Legal Assistance Services Data Digest (LASDD) compiled by the Law and Justice Foundation. It also uses the Foundation’s Collaborative Planning Resource (CPR) to present data on Need for Legal Assistance Service (NLAS) indicators and priority groups. ➢ About the CPR ➢ Definitions for the Foundation’s CPR NLAS indicators and CPR priority groups

CLSD regions are based on Local Government Area (LGA) boundaries. LASDD data is presented by LGA in tables and graphs. Maps present data by postcode for a more precise visual representation and may therefore cover a slightly larger area than the CLSD region. ➢ About the geographies, including LGAs and postal areas, used by the Australian Bureau of Statistics

February 2019 2 Where do people live in the Northern Rivers CLSD region? Population number by postcode LGAs: Ballina, Byron, Kyogle, Lismore, Richmond Valley, Tweed

Local Court Major roads Number increases with darker shading.

3 Source: ABS 2016 Census February 2019 Where do Aboriginal people live in the Northern Rivers CLSD region? Population number by postcode LGAs: Ballina, Byron, Kyogle, Lismore, Richmond Valley, Tweed

Local Court Major roads Number increases with darker shading.

4 Source: ABS 2016 Census February 2019 Where do legal enquiries come from in the Northern Rivers CLSD region? Number (Rate per 1,000) by postcode LGAs: Ballina, Byron, Kyogle, Lismore, Richmond Valley, Tweed

Local Court Major roads Number increases with darker shading.

Source: LJF LASDD LawAccess NSW, Legal 5 February 2019 Aid NSW (Advice) and NSW CLCs (2016) Need for Legal Assistance Services (NLAS) indicators in the Northern Rivers CLSD region – population numbers and percentages by LGA LGAs: Ballina, Byron, Kyogle, Lismore, Richmond Valley, Tweed

Richmond CLSD Ballina Byron Kyogle Lismore Tweed NSW Indicator / Population Valley Region N N N N N N N N NLAS(Capability) 2,124 1,442 829 2,735 2,021 5,538 14,689 414,200 NLAS(ATSI) 444 205 163 726 533 1,199 3,270 68,769 NLAS(CALD) 501 762 105 770 150 1,480 3,768 734,493 NLAS($52K) 3,896 2,581 1,320 4,954 3,654 9,832 26,237 718,720 NLAS(65+) 849 337 319 946 871 2,158 5,480 159,534 Population (all) 41,786 31,556 8,939 43,134 22,805 91,374 239,594 7,480,230 Population (15 and over) 34,861 26,267 7,479 35,429 18,439 76,051 198,526 6,093,897 Population (15-64) 24,392 20,946 5,421 27,575 13,316 52,908 144,558 4,876,257 Population (65 and over) 10,460 5,325 2,055 7,850 5,121 23,140 53,951 1,217,642

Richmond CLSD Ballina Byron Kyogle Lismore Tweed NSW Indicator Valley Region % % % % % % % % NLAS(Capability) 8.7 6.9 15.3 9.9 15.2 10.5 10.2 8.5 NLAS(ATSI) 1.3 0.8 2.2 2.0 2.9 1.6 1.6 1.1 NLAS(CALD) 1.4 2.9 1.4 2.2 0.8 1.9 1.9 12.1 NLAS($52K) 16.0 12.3 24.3 18.0 27.4 18.6 18.1 14.7 NLAS(65+) 8.1 6.3 15.5 12.1 17.0 9.3 10.2 13.1

Note: These are minimum counts based on persons declaring these characteristics to the Census. Red cells indicate the LGA has a higher proportion of the priority group than the state average. Green cells indicate it is lower. Percentages for NLAS(Capability) and NLAS($52K) are based on the 15-64 population. Percentages for NLAS(ATSI) and NLAS(CALD) are based on the 15+ population. Percentages for NLAS (65+) are based on the 65+ population. Source: ABS 2016 Census

6 February 2019 NLAS indicators in the Northern Rivers CLSD region – percentages LGAs: Ballina, Byron, Kyogle, Lismore, Richmond Valley, Tweed

30.0

25.0

20.0

15.0 Percentage

10.0

5.0

0.0 Ballina Byron Kyogle Lismore Richmond Valley Tweed CLSD Region NSW

NLAS(Capability) NLAS(ATSI) NLAS(CALD) NLAS($52K) NLAS(65+)

Note: These are minimum counts based on persons declaring these characteristics to the Census. Percentages for NLAS(Capability) and NLAS($52K) are based on the 15-64 population. Percentages for NLAS(ATSI) and NLAS(CALD) are based on the 15+ population. Percentages for NLAS (65+) are based on the 65+ population. Source: ABS 2016 Census 7 February 2019 Northern Rivers CLSD – Need for legal assistance services NLAS(Capability) Population number by postcode LGAs: Ballina, Byron, Kyogle, Lismore, Richmond Valley, Tweed

NLAS(Capability): a count Local Court Major roads of people aged 15 to 64 who are likely to need legal Number increases with darker shading. assistance should they experience a problem due to their low level of personal income and educational attainment. • personal income < $500/week or < $25,990/year • highest year of school completion is Year 12 for those aged 15-39, Year 11 for those aged 40-49, Year 10 for those aged 50-64 • not currently a full time or part time student • do not have a non-school qualification. Note: These are minimum counts based on persons declaring these characteristics to the Census.

8 February 2019 Source: ABS 2016 Census Northern Rivers CLSD – NLAS(Capability) and Rate of enquiries

NLAS(Capability) population by postcode

Number (Rate per 1,000 of the general population) of enquiries by postcode

Local Court Major roads Number increases with darker shading.

Source: ABS 2016 Census & LJF LASDD LawAccess NSW, Legal Aid NSW (Advice) and NSW CLCs (2016) 9 February 2019 Priority group profile of the Northern Rivers CLSD region – population numbers LGAs: Ballina, Byron, Kyogle, Lismore, Richmond Valley, Tweed

Richmond CLSD Ballina Byron Kyogle Lismore Tweed NSW Population / Priority Group Valley Region N N N N N N N N Population (all) 41,786 31,556 8,939 43,134 22,805 91,374 239,594 7,480,230 Population (15 and over) 34,861 26,267 7,479 35,429 18,439 76,051 198,526 6,093,897 Population (15-64) 24,392 20,946 5,421 27,575 13,316 52,908 144,558 4,876,257 People with a personal income <$26K (15 and over) 13,289 9,518 3,701 14,773 8,403 32,036 81,720 2,286,827 People with a personal income <$52K (15 and over) 22,973 16,644 5,518 24,764 13,542 52,189 135,630 3,674,857 People with an equivalised household income <$26K (all ages) 8,207 6,022 2,972 10,182 6,429 20,325 54,137 1,343,031 People with a lower education (15-64) 4,665 3,099 1,551 5,891 4,287 12,099 31,592 952,621 Unemployed people (15 and over) 1,084 946 310 1,529 692 2,716 7,277 225,552 Single parents (15 and over) 1,885 1,571 428 2,363 1,178 4,466 11,891 310,906 Children and youth (0-24) 10,881 8,096 2,291 12,943 6,994 24,243 65,448 2,324,426 Disengaged youth (15-24) 143 115 53 235 139 403 1,088 31,701 Older people (65 and over) 10,460 5,325 2,055 7,850 5,121 23,140 53,951 1,217,642 People with a disability (14 and under) 221 86 47 271 159 415 1,199 34,224 People with a disability (15-64) 825 599 324 1,232 716 2,111 5,807 147,096 ATSI peoples (14 and under) 444 159 118 768 627 1,188 3,304 74,269 ATSI peoples (15 and over) 924 410 266 1,400 1,006 2,429 6,435 141,902 ATSI peoples with personal income <$52K (15 and over) 680 316 225 1,102 807 1,862 4,992 103,673 CALD people (15 and over) 1,220 1,704 184 1,507 305 3,063 7,983 1,584,606 People with poor English proficiency (15 and over) 76 76 15 161 36 275 639 274,032 People who do not access internet from dwelling (15 and over) 4,107 2,135 1,482 4,372 3,792 10,231 26,119 603,051 People experiencing homelessness (all ages) 77 327 34 309 73 444 1,264 37,711 People living in rural or remote areas (all ages) 0 0 2,049 0 526 0 2,575 468,992

Note: These are minimum counts based on persons declaring these characteristics to the Census. Source: ABS 2016 Census 10 February 2019 Priority group profile of the Northern Rivers CLSD region – percentages LGAs: Ballina, Byron, Kyogle, Lismore, Richmond Valley, Tweed

Richmond CLSD Ballina Byron Kyogle Lismore Tweed NSW Priority Group Valley Region % % % % % % % % People with a personal income <$26K (15 and over) 31.8 30.2 41.4 34.2 36.8 35.1 34.1 30.6 People with a personal income <$52K (15 and over) 55.0 52.7 61.7 57.4 59.4 57.1 56.6 49.1 People with an equivalised household income <$26K (all ages) 19.6 19.1 33.2 23.6 28.2 22.2 22.6 18.0 People with a lower education (15-64) 11.2 9.8 17.4 13.7 18.8 13.2 13.2 12.7 Unemployed people (15 and over) 2.6 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Single parents (15 and over) 4.5 5.0 4.8 5.5 5.2 4.9 5.0 4.2 Children and youth (0-24) 26.0 25.7 25.6 30.0 30.7 26.5 27.3 31.1 Disengaged youth (15-24) 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 Older people (65 and over) 25.0 16.9 23.0 18.2 22.5 25.3 22.5 16.3 People with a disability (14 and under) 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 People with a disability (15-64) 2.0 1.9 3.6 2.9 3.1 2.3 2.4 2.0 ATSI peoples (14 and under) 1.1 0.5 1.3 1.8 2.7 1.3 1.4 1.0 ATSI peoples (15 and over) 2.2 1.3 3.0 3.2 4.4 2.7 2.7 1.9 ATSI peoples with personal income <$52K (15 and over) 1.6 1.0 2.5 2.6 3.5 2.0 2.1 1.4 CALD people (15 and over) 2.9 5.4 2.1 3.5 1.3 3.4 3.3 21.2 People with poor English proficiency (15 and over) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 3.7

People who do not access internet from dwelling (15 and over) 9.8 6.8 16.6 10.1 16.6 11.2 10.9 8.1 People experiencing homelessness (all ages) 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 People living in rural or remote areas (all ages) 0.0 0.0 22.9 0.0 2.3 0.0 1.1 6.3

Note: These are minimum counts based on persons declaring these characteristics to the Census. Red cells indicate the LGA has a higher proportion of the priority group than the state average. Green cells indicate it is lower. Source: ABS 2016 Census Percentages are based on total population. 11 February 2019 Priority group profile of the Northern Rivers CLSD region – percentages LGAs: Ballina, Byron, Kyogle, Lismore, Richmond Valley, Tweed

People living in rural or remote areas (all ages)

People experiencing homelessness (all ages)

People who do not access internet from dwelling (15 and over) NSW People with poor English proficiency (15 and over) CLSD Region CALD people (15 and over)

ATSI peoples with personal income <$52K (15 and over)

ATSI peoples (15 and over)

ATSI peoples (14 and under)

People with a disability (15-64)

People with a disability (14 and under)

Older people (65 and over) Prioritygroup

Disengaged youth (15-24)

Children and youth (0-24)

Single parents (15 and over)

Unemployed people (15 and over)

People with a lower education (15-64)

People with an equivalised household income <$26K (all ages)

People with a personal income <$52K (15 and over)

People with a personal income <$26K (15 and over)

Note: Percentages are based on total population. 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 Percentage Source: ABS 2016 Census 12 February 2019 Northern Rivers CLSD – Index of relative socio-economic disadvantage (SEIFA) by postcode LGAs: Ballina, Byron, Kyogle, Lismore, Richmond Valley, Tweed

Local Court SEIFA indicator by postcode Major roads Highly Advantaged Mildly Advantaged Mildly Disadvantaged Highly Disadvantaged

Areas are assigned a score based on how relatively disadvantaged that area is compared with others. A low score indicates relatively greater disadvantage in general, whereas a high score indicates a relative lack of disadvantage in general. Areas are then ordered from lowest to highest score and divided into four groups, or ‘quartiles’. Highly Disadvantaged: 25% of areas with the lowest scores (1st quartile) Mildly Disadvantaged: 2nd quartile, Mildly Advantaged: 3rd quartile Highly Advantaged: 25% of areas with the highest scores (4th quartile)

Source: ABS 2016 Census 13 February 2019 Legal matters enquired about in the Northern Rivers CLSD compared to NSW by Broad Area of Law LGAs: Ballina, Byron, Kyogle, Lismore, Richmond Valley, Tweed

Source: LJF LASDD - LawAccess NSW, Legal Aid NSW (Advice) and NSW Community Legal Centres 2016

Percentage of matters – Northern Rivers CLSD Percentage of matters – NSW region

Family 23% Family 30%

Civil Civil 54% 56% Crime 21% Crime 16%

14 February 2019 Top 15 legal matters enquired about in Northern Rivers CLSD region compared to NSW LGAs: Ballina, Byron, Kyogle, Lismore, Richmond Valley, Tweed

Source: LJF LASDD - LawAccess NSW, Legal Aid NSW (Advice) and NSW Community Legal Centres 2016

Northern Rivers CLSD NSW

Legal matters N % Legal matters N % Live with/Spend time with 2,013 17.5 Live with/Spend time with 33,373 10.9 Property 470 4.1 Tenancy 13,204 4.3 Other Driving/Traffic offences 421 3.7 Visas/Residency 12,595 4.1 Money Owed by Client 391 3.4 Other Driving/Traffic offences 11,829 3.8 Tenancy 365 3.2 Property 11,537 3.8 Money Owed to Client 363 3.1 Money Owed by Client 10,394 3.4 Service Provider - Financial Products 350 3 ADVO 9,285 3 Family - other 334 2.9 Fines 8,652 2.8 Neighbours 332 2.9 Money Owed to Client 8,540 2.8 Civil - other 327 2.8 Pensions/Allowances 8,030 2.6 Pensions/Allowances 311 2.7 Domestic violence related assault/harassment 7,832 2.5 Fines 305 2.6 Family - other 7,820 2.5 ADVO 297 2.6 Neighbours 7,674 2.5 Wills/Probate/Administration 293 2.5 Employment - other 7,228 2.4 Consumer Credit 259 2.2 Civil - other 7,159 2.3 Total Region 11,530 100 Total NSW 307,319 100

Note: Enquiries made about prison related matters or by prisoners are not included.

15 February 2019 Top 10 legal matters enquired about by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in the Northern Rivers CLSD - compared to NSW

LGAs: Ballina, Byron, Kyogle, Lismore, Richmond Valley, Tweed

Source: LJF LASDD - LawAccess NSW, Legal Aid NSW (Advice) and NSW Community Legal Centres 2016

Northern Rivers CLSD NSW

Legal matters N % Legal matters N % Live with/Spend time with 229 15.6 Live with/Spend time with 2,783 12.9 Service Provider - Financial Products 118 8 Tenancy 994 4.6 Goods (incl. utilities, phone, etc) 74 5 Civil - other 901 4.2 Civil - other 74 5 Other Driving/Traffic offences 801 3.7 Criminal Injuries Compensation 64 4.4 Criminal Injuries Compensation 798 3.7 Fines 59 4 Fines 796 3.7 Consumer Credit 55 3.7 ADVO 742 3.4 Tenancy 48 3.3 Money Owed by Client 665 3.1 Money Owed by Client 44 3 Family - other 629 2.9 ADVO 35 2.4 Domestic violence related assault/harassment 622 2.9 Total Region 1,469 100 Total NSW 21,611 100

Note: Enquiries made about prison related matters or by prisoners are not included.

16 February 2019 Northern Rivers CLSD – Civil law problem enquiries, rate per 1,000 people Source: LJF LASDD - LawAccess NSW, Legal Aid NSW (Advice) and NSW Community Legal Centres 2016 Type of legal problem Ballina Byron Kyogle Lismore Richmond Valley Tweed CLSD Region NSW Rate per 1,000 Business/Investment 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 Consumer 3.1 4.0 5.4 3.6 6.5 3.5 3.9 2.5 Debt and Credit 4.4 8.5 9.6 7.5 6.8 4.8 6.1 4.9 Employment 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.9 2.6 Housing 1.8 3.5 3.8 2.7 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.6 Neighbours/Planning/Environment 2.1 2.6 3.9 2.4 1.1 1.9 2.1 1.3 Human Rights & Discrimination 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.3 Government/Administrative law 1.7 2.4 2.5 3.4 2.7 1.1 2.0 1.6 Immigration/Refugee Status 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.3 2.2 Mental Health 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 Accidents/Injury/Victims' Compensation 1.4 2.6 2.2 2.7 2.9 1.8 2.1 1.7 Wills/Estates/Guardianship 1.7 1.7 3.2 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.1 1.6 7.0

6.0 CLSD Region 5.0 NSW

4.0

3.0

2.0

Rateof perenquiries 1,000 1.0

0.0

17 Type of legal problem February 2019 Northern Rivers CLSD – Civil law problem enquiries, rate per 1,000 people

Source: LJF LASDD - LawAccess NSW, Legal Aid NSW (Advice) and NSW Community Legal Centres 2016

10 Ballina Byron 9 Kyogle

8 Lismore Richmond Valley 7 Tweed 6 NSW

4 Rateof perenquiries 1,000

Type of legal problem 18 February 2019 Northern Rivers CLSD – Family law problem enquiries, rate per 1,000 people

Source: LJF LASDD - LawAccess NSW, Legal Aid NSW (Advice) and NSW Community Legal Centres 2016

Type of legal problem Ballina Byron Kyogle Lismore Richmond Valley Tweed CLSD Region NSW Rate per 1,000 Care and Protection 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.6 Child Support 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.9 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.5 Parenting Arrangements 7.9 7.3 9.4 12.2 9.8 8.6 9.1 4.9 Property/Maintenance 1.8 2.4 1.3 2.3 1.0 2.1 2.0 1.6 Relationships 0.8 1.0 0.4 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0

10.0 CLSD Region

8.0 NSW

6.0

4.0 Rate of enquiries per 1,000 perRateenquiries of

2.0

0.0 Care and Protection Child Support Parenting Property/Maintenance Relationships Arrangements

Type of legal problem

19 February 2019 Northern Rivers CLSD – Family law problem enquiries, rate per 1,000 people

Source: LJF LASDD - LawAccess NSW, Legal Aid NSW (Advice) and NSW Community Legal Centres 2016

14 Ballina

12 Byron

Kyogle

10 Lismore

Richmond Valley

8 Tweed

NSW 6

Rateof perenquiries 1,000 4

0 Care and Protection Child Support Parenting Arrangements Property/Maintenance Relationships

Type of legal problem

20 February 2019 Northern Rivers CLSD – Crime law problem enquiries, rate per 1,000 people Source: LJF LASDD - LawAccess NSW, Legal Aid NSW (Advice) and NSW Community Legal Centres 2016 Type of legal problem Ballina Byron Kyogle Lismore Richmond Valley Tweed CLSD Region NSW Rate per 1,000 Domestic Violence/ADVOs 1.2 1.8 3.1 2.6 1.7 2.1 2.0 2.3 Offences Against Persons 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.9 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.3 Robbery 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 Drug offences 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 Firearms/Weapons/Explosives 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 Fraud/Dishonesty 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 Theft/Break and Enter 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 Property/Environment Damage 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 Public Order offences 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 Driving/Traffic offences 2.0 4.6 3.2 3.5 2.7 1.8 2.6 2.1 Justice offences 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 Civil Matters Arising from Crime 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 3.0 CLSD Region NSW 2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

Rateof perenquiries 1,000 0.5

0.0

21 February 2019 Type of legal problem Northern Rivers CLSD – Crime law problem enquiries, rate per 1,000 people

Source: LJF LASDD - LawAccess NSW, Legal Aid NSW (Advice) and NSW Community Legal Centres 2016

Ballina

Byron 4 Kyogle

Lismore

3 Richmond Valley

Tweed

NSW

2 Rateof perenquiries 1,000 1

Type of legal problem 22 February 2019 Northern Rivers CLSD SA1s maps Need for legal assistance services (NLAS) indicators

The following maps show population numbers and percentages by SA1 for the following indicators: ➢ NLAS(Capability) ➢ NLAS(ATSI) ➢ NLAS(CALD)

• NLAS indicators are made up of data and information from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Census data. • Numbers are based on 2016 Census, Population and Housing (Place of Usual Residence) unless specified otherwise. • The counts on these maps should be treated as minimum counts of persons only. • Numbers in brackets show the proportion of the NLAS population as a percentage of the general population for that SA1. • Where the count is less than 10, the percentage was not calculated and the SA1 is in the lightest shade with no label. Maps where numbers are <10 for all SA1s in that area are not included. 23 NLAS(Capability)

2016 Census

People aged 15 to 64: • with a personal income of less than $500 per week or $25,999 per year, • whose highest year of school completion is Year 12 for those aged 15-39, Year 11 for those aged 40-49, Year 10 for those aged 50-64, • who are not currently a full time or part time student, • and who do not have non-school qualifications.

24 NLAS(Capability) Ballina Numbers (percentages) – 2016 census