High Desert Landscaping a Guide To

A GUIDE TO HIGH DESERT LANDSCAPING MISSION STATEMENT

We have all been drawn to the High Desert because of its quality of life. The environment is beautiful and delicate. As High Desert residents, preserving our quality of life means protecting our local environment, helping each other to understand it, and being responsive to the special conditions of our beautiful area.

Your local water agency is a part of the High Desert community. As a part of that community, we see our responsibility as helping local residents to achieve this goal in a practical way. A key to meeting this goal is to manage and conserve our water resources, using them wisely so that they will serve generations to come.

The information in this booklet is a guide to designing, planting and maintaining attractive and water-efficient landscapes. These techniques, combined with the right plant materials, can create landscapes that work for homes, businesses and public areas.

Your active use of this booklet will help you save water, maintenance time, and landscaping dollars. It will help preserve our precious water resources and create a more attractive community for us all.

Apple Valley Heights County of San Bernardino County Water District Special Districts Department Water & Sanitation Division Apple Valley Ranchos Water Company Southern California Water Company Baldy Mesa Water District City of Victorville JOSHUA TREES City of Adelanto Public Works Department Yucca brevifolia Department of Water Victor Valley Wastewater City of Hesperia Reclamation Authority Water Department Victor Valley Water District Mojave Water Agency TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A 3-YEAR GUIDE FOR RELANDSCAPING ...... 10 KNOW YOUR LOCAL HIGH DESERT LANDSCAPE ORDINANCE ...... 1 MAINTAINING AN ESTABLISHED LANDSCAPE ...... 11 DESERT CLIMATE ...... 2 MAINTAINING YOUR IRRIGATION SYSTEM ...... 12 ANALYZE YOUR SITE ...... 3 WATER-BUDGET METHOD OF IRRIGATING TREES AND SHRUBS ...... 13 LANDSCAPING A NEW HOME ...... 5 HIGH DESERT LAWN WATERING GUIDE ...... 13 SOIL AMENDMENTS ...... 6 DO YOU HAVE A FIRE HAZARD? ...... 14 MULCH & FERTILIZERS ...... 7 EROSION CONTROL ...... 15 MAKE YOUR OWN COMPOST ...... 7 THE HIGH DESERT SEASONS ...... 16 DESIGNING & INSTALLING YOUR IRRIGATION SYSTEM ...... 8 TURFGRASSES FOR THE HIGH DESERT ...... 17 RELANDSCAPING FOR THE HIGH DESERT ...... 9 PLANT LIST ...... 17

This striking plant with its shaggy appearance Desert residents fortunate enough to have a and reaching branches is a symbol of natural High Joshua Tree on your property, here are simple . Avoid all landscaping beneath Desert landscapes. The key to maintaining a guidelines for maintaining its health. Joshua Trees. As with other trees, healthy Joshua Tree is simple: remember they do not build walls, patios or other were here before you were. They are well adapted . Under normal conditions, established structures requiring trenching within to the High Desert, thriving on seasonal rainfall, Joshua Trees require little if any irrigation. ten feet of the base of a Joshua Tree. and putting out both deep permanent roots and Recently transplanted trees should be Doing so will damage the root annual broad rhizomes. watered every 2-4 weeks in spring and system and the tree may eventually summer, and with normal rainfall, no irri- be toppled by winds. Joshua Trees, like other desert plants that gation is needed in the cooler season. include cacti, yucca and agave, are protected by Joshua Trees obtain their moisture ordinances to make sure they do not become through absorption. The best method of endangered. Contact your local agricultural com- watering is sprinkling from the top down, missioner's office for information on transplanting wetting both the fronds and trunk. Do not Joshua Trees. If you are among the many High basin water the tree. The Importance of Water Conservation in the High Desert INTRODUCTION THE DESERT CLIMATE

Water is a precious resource in the High Desert, and efficient water use is the responsibility of all area Beautiful, successful, water-efficient landscaping in the High Desert is the result of thoughtful As shown in the climatic zone map, the High residents, businesses and public agencies. The goal of attention and proper information. “A Guide to High Desert Landscaping” provides accurate and prac- Desert is considerably different than other areas of this booklet is to share with you ideas about how you can tical information to help local residents conserve water while creating an attractive and useful save water and money by planting a low-water-use Southern California. The High Desert is charac- landscape. landscape. terized by large temperature fluctuations between summer and winter, as well as between day and Because more than 50 percent of water used in homes is Recommendations are based on University of California research, and objective information pro- night. used outdoors, creatively planning a landscape that vided by the USDA Soil Conservation Service, Mojave Desert Resource Conservation District, West- conserves water presents the greatest opportunity to use ern Chapter International Society of Arboriculture, California Department of Forestry and the criti- water wisely. The following pages present the basic Winter temperatures as cold as 0°F have been principles of low-water-use landscaping: cally important comments, observations and suggestions of numerous High Desert gardeners and recorded, as have summer temperatures as high as residents. 117°F. The average minimum winter temperature · Proper planning and design is 32°F; the average maximum summer “A Guide to High Desert Landscaping” stresses reducing water waste by maintaining an effective temperature is 98°F. · Soil analysis irrigation system and scheduling irrigation appropriately. Often, large amounts of water can be saved by correcting hardware problems. Examples include: raising sunken sprinkler heads, using matched · Appropriate plant selection Another characteristic of the High Desert is heads, replacing broken heads and keeping heads vertical. strong winds, particularly from the west and south · Practical turf areas in spring. These winds can reach 60 mph or higher An irrigation scheduling guideline based on historical evapotranspiration (Eto) for the High and can quickly dry out plants. Regular irrigation · Efficient irrigation Desert is included. Irrigating turfgrass and ornamental plants according to this guideline can save and protection from the wind are advised until water and result in healthier plants. plants are established. · Use of mulches A popular misconception is that to conserve water landscapes should be replaced with gravel, · Appropriate maintenance Also, late spring frosts often occur in the High cacti and only native plants. Fortunately, successful water-efficient landscaping does not require these Desert. These frosts can severely injure or kill sen- Here are some other conservation tips that can help you drastic measures. In fact, there are many climatically adapted non-native plants that thrive in the High sitive plants. Planting climatically recommended save water outdoors: Desert on very limited water. The key to success lies in climatic adaptability, not solely plant origin. plants and covering young plants can avoid most frost damage. · Adjust sprinklers so that your landscape, not the sidewalk or street, receive all the water.

· Check for broken sprinkler heads.

· Use shut-off nozzles on hoses instead of letting the water run.

· Adjust your watering schedule each season.

· Sweep driveways, sidewalks and patios instead of hosing them down.

· Check hoses, faucets, valves and pipes for leaks.

For more information about our High Desert water supply and the importance of water conservation, please 1 contact your local water provider. 2 The Importance of Water Conservation in the High Desert INTRODUCTION THE DESERT CLIMATE

· Check for broken sprinkler heads.

· Use shut-off nozzles on hoses instead of letting the water run.

· Adjust your watering schedule each season.

· Sweep driveways, sidewalks and patios instead of hosing them down.

· Check hoses, faucets, valves and pipes for leaks.

For more information about our High Desert water supply and the importance of water conservation, please 1 contact your local water provider. 2 ANALYZE YOUR SITE

Investment Zone: Runoff: Create small “investment zones” for Proper grading of your landscape can maximum visual effect, such as sea- help direct the flow of water so that sonal color at entries. Both of these the water you apply will soak in rather types of plantings use the most water, than runoff. Grading can also enhance require the most maintenance time the interest of your landscape. Proper and are the highest on-going expense irrigation equipment and watering in any garden. strategies eliminate wasteful runoff. Fire Resistant/Retardant: Property Value: Plant materials with less flammable Property values are increased by parts: more leaf than wood and less landscapes that provide shade, interest woody undergrowth. Well-pruned and color, attract birds and butterflies, plants contain less fire fuel. while costing less in time and water. More plants also mean positive bene- Parking Areas: fits for the environment, including Produce a cooling shade area with ap- oxygen production, pollution filtration propriate trees planted in large basins. and urban cooling.

Seasonal Variation: Energy Savings: Entry Aesthetics: Safety: Plant Zoning: Microclimates: Choose plants that celebrate the sea- Plant materials cool the immediate Set a particular ambience of theme that Trees planted near walkways and in turf Grouping plants according to their Hotter or cooler areas, sunny or shady sons of the High Desert, adding color environment. Appropriately placed trees coordinates the look of both the inside can produce surface rooting—a poten- water needs and maintenance spots are created by buildings and and variety. and shrubs will lower building and street and outside of your home or business. tial safety hazard. Water runoff and requirements will save water and trees depending upon north/south/ temperatures in the summer. overspray make sidewalks slippery for work. Plan plant zones with landscape east/west exposure. Each microclimate Using deciduous trees and shrubs, use, particularly during cold periods of uses, microclimates and maintenance demands specific plant choices and which drop their leaves in the winter, the High Desert winter. Make sure your budgets in mind to achieve maximum watering strategies. will allow the sun to warm buildings plans avoid potential human hazards. water savings, plant health and natural during cooler seasons. Tremendous attractiveness. interior energy savings can be realized. 3 4 ANALYZE YOUR SITE

The population of the High Desert has Soil amendments are sometimes beneficial to Use only decomposed products as soil increased dramatically over the last twenty landscape plantings. If used, they should be added amendments. Freshly cut turfgrass, green manure years. Many people have moved here from other before planting, so plant roots are not disturbed. and similar products should be composted first. A areas to enjoy cleaner air and a peaceful, less There are two types of soil amendments: non- rule of thumb is: if it's still recognizable, it's not hurried lifestyle. Climatic conditions in the High chemical and chemical. Descriptions and ready for use! Desert are harsher and more extreme than marine recommended uses follow: climates, offering a landscaping challenge. Chemical Soil Amendments Non-chemical Soil Amendments New homes are often purchased on relatively Gypsum (CaSO4) is useful for reclaiming large lots with little or no landscaping provided. Examples include decomposed products (either soil with high levels of sodium. It will not correct This section is divided into Designing and commercially prepared or from backyard compost problems caused by layered soils. A simple test Installing Your Landscape and Designing and piles) such as compost, lawn clippings, and peat will help determine whether your soil would Installing Your Irrigation System to assist with moss. These soil amendments are mixed with benefit from gypsum. Soil Alkalinity these important issues. landscape soil to increase water-holding capacity and improve soil structure. Since they supply only Remove the bottom of two coffee cans. Re- Most High Desert soils are alkaline, with pH's Designing and Installing Your Landscape small amounts of nutrients, soil amendments should place the bottoms with window screen, placing a between 7.5 - 9.0. A soil test is useful to determine soil not be thought of as fertilizers. paper towel filter on top of each screen. Fill each pH. Alkaline soils tie up necessary plant elements, First, design your landscape on paper. Begin can with one pint of soil, and allow it to dry. Add such as phosphorus, manganese, zinc and iron. Even if by listing the functions your landscape should While amendments are often useful, there are one tablespoon of gypsum to one coffee can, these elements exist in the soil, they are not available provide your family, such as play areas for small cases where you may be better off without them. mixing it thoroughly into the soil. Set each coffee to your plants until the soil is neutralized. A pH of 7.0 children, entertainment areas and shade. Next, Here are some general guidelines concerning non- can on an empty cup; fill each can with tap water. is neutral, although most plants grow well in pHs decide where these functional areas should be chemical soil amendments: between 6.0 and 7.5. located for maximum pleasure and use. Consider Collect drainage water until ½ pint or more is wind patterns, sunlight, accessibility, and other Most soils in the High Desert are sandy loams. collected from the gypsum-treated sample. If more Ammonium sulfate is a popular and useful site specific conditions when creating your As long as your soil is a consistent texture without than twice as much water has drained from the fertilizer in the High Desert. It serves a dual purpose landscape plan. layers or hardpan, you do not need to amend it to amended soil, your solid contains excess sodium. by providing both nitrogen and sulphur. The sulphur conserve water or achieve adequate plant growth. Likely, a chemical amendment such as gypsum reduces pH. A soil test is useful to determine proper Here are some useful facts to consider when This is particularly true in areas to be planted with will help reclaim the soil. rates of sulphur. If is usually necessary to apply designing your landscape: turfgrass or trees. By properly scheduling sulphur over a relatively long time period since irrigations, you can avoid water waste without Gypsum contains calcium which replaces the + When selecting plants, consider function + Plants that are placed by themselves and tree roots adequate space to grow and reducing alkalinity takes repeated sulphur applications. adding amendments. sodium. A sodium salt is formed in the process first and foremost. Next, decide on directly exposed to the sky are more prevents structural damage to your home. which must be leached from the soil. Gypsum acceptable maintenance levels. Group frost-prone than those protected by shade Also avoid planting trees closer than five Soil amendments are useful in vegetable and should be applied as deep as the ultimate rooting plants according to irrigation needs from other plants, patios or other feet from sidewalks and driveways. flower gardens, and in shrub plantings. Amendments depth of the species to be planted. A soil test will whenever possible. structures. Once your family has agreed on an accept- should be mixed thoroughly with original soil, at indicate how much gypsum is necessary. + Always select plants according to how + In hot, dry, windy weather, shade-loving able landscape design, specific plants may be least 40% by volume. Amended soil should be at their mature size and appearance fit into plants, such as azaleas and begonias, lose selected. The Plant List at the back of this book least 1 foot deep for gardens and at least 1-1/2 feet your design. Do not select plants based water faster than they can absorb it. Keep lists many climatically adapted choices for the deep for shrub plantings. on initial appearance in immature stages them in partial shade. High Desert and includes color photos. Keep in of growth. mind that other suitable plants do not appear on Never add only a few inches of soil amendment. + Large growing trees should be planted at the list due to space limitations. This causes layering and reduces downward + Consider adding interest and color to least 20 feet from your house. This gives movement of water. It is better to not amend a soil your landscape by rotating annual than to add only a shallow layer. 5 flowers in small “investment zones” 6 near your house. W W LANDSCAPING A NEW HOME IN IN SOIL AMENDMENTS D D

The population of the High Desert has Soil amendments are sometimes beneficial to Use only decomposed products as soil increased dramatically over the last twenty landscape plantings. If used, they should be added amendments. Freshly cut turfgrass, green manure years. Many people have moved here from other before planting, so plant roots are not disturbed. and similar products should be composted first. A areas to enjoy cleaner air and a peaceful, less There are two types of soil amendments: non- rule of thumb is: if it's still recognizable, it's not hurried lifestyle. Climatic conditions in the High chemical and chemical. Descriptions and ready for use! Desert are harsher and more extreme than marine recommended uses follow: climates, offering a landscaping challenge. Chemical Soil Amendments Non-chemical Soil Amendments New homes are often purchased on relatively Gypsum (CaSO4) is useful for reclaiming large lots with little or no landscaping provided. Examples include decomposed products (either soil with high levels of sodium. It will not correct This section is divided into Designing and commercially prepared or from backyard compost problems caused by layered soils. A simple test Installing Your Landscape and Designing and piles) such as compost, lawn clippings, and peat will help determine whether your soil would Installing Your Irrigation System to assist with moss. These soil amendments are mixed with benefit from gypsum. Soil Alkalinity these important issues. landscape soil to increase water-holding capacity and improve soil structure. Since they supply only Remove the bottom of two coffee cans. Re- Most High Desert soils are alkaline, with pH's Designing and Installing Your Landscape small amounts of nutrients, soil amendments should place the bottoms with window screen, placing a between 7.5 - 9.0. A soil test is useful to determine soil not be thought of as fertilizers. paper towel filter on top of each screen. Fill each pH. Alkaline soils tie up necessary plant elements, First, design your landscape on paper. Begin can with one pint of soil, and allow it to dry. Add such as phosphorus, manganese, zinc and iron. Even if by listing the functions your landscape should While amendments are often useful, there are one tablespoon of gypsum to one coffee can, these elements exist in the soil, they are not available provide your family, such as play areas for small cases where you may be better off without them. mixing it thoroughly into the soil. Set each coffee to your plants until the soil is neutralized. A pH of 7.0 children, entertainment areas and shade. Next, Here are some general guidelines concerning non- can on an empty cup; fill each can with tap water. is neutral, although most plants grow well in pHs decide where these functional areas should be chemical soil amendments: between 6.0 and 7.5. located for maximum pleasure and use. Consider Collect drainage water until ½ pint or more is wind patterns, sunlight, accessibility, and other Most soils in the High Desert are sandy loams. collected from the gypsum-treated sample. If more Ammonium sulfate is a popular and useful site specific conditions when creating your As long as your soil is a consistent texture without than twice as much water has drained from the fertilizer in the High Desert. It serves a dual purpose landscape plan. layers or hardpan, you do not need to amend it to amended soil, your solid contains excess sodium. by providing both nitrogen and sulphur. The sulphur conserve water or achieve adequate plant growth. Likely, a chemical amendment such as gypsum reduces pH. A soil test is useful to determine proper Here are some useful facts to consider when This is particularly true in areas to be planted with will help reclaim the soil. rates of sulphur. If is usually necessary to apply designing your landscape: turfgrass or trees. By properly scheduling sulphur over a relatively long time period since irrigations, you can avoid water waste without Gypsum contains calcium which replaces the + When selecting plants, consider function + Plants that are placed by themselves and tree roots adequate space to grow and reducing alkalinity takes repeated sulphur applications. adding amendments. sodium. A sodium salt is formed in the process first and foremost. Next, decide on directly exposed to the sky are more prevents structural damage to your home. which must be leached from the soil. Gypsum acceptable maintenance levels. Group frost-prone than those protected by shade Also avoid planting trees closer than five Soil amendments are useful in vegetable and should be applied as deep as the ultimate rooting plants according to irrigation needs from other plants, patios or other feet from sidewalks and driveways. flower gardens, and in shrub plantings. Amendments depth of the species to be planted. A soil test will whenever possible. structures. Once your family has agreed on an accept- should be mixed thoroughly with original soil, at indicate how much gypsum is necessary. + Always select plants according to how + In hot, dry, windy weather, shade-loving able landscape design, specific plants may be least 40% by volume. Amended soil should be at their mature size and appearance fit into plants, such as azaleas and begonias, lose selected. The Plant List at the back of this book least 1 foot deep for gardens and at least 1-1/2 feet your design. Do not select plants based water faster than they can absorb it. Keep lists many climatically adapted choices for the deep for shrub plantings. on initial appearance in immature stages them in partial shade. High Desert and includes color photos. Keep in of growth. mind that other suitable plants do not appear on Never add only a few inches of soil amendment. + Large growing trees should be planted at the list due to space limitations. This causes layering and reduces downward + Consider adding interest and color to least 20 feet from your house. This gives movement of water. It is better to not amend a soil your landscape by rotating annual than to add only a shallow layer. 5 flowers in small “investment zones” 6 near your house. DESIGNING AND INSTALLING YOUR MULCHING & FERTILIZERS IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Recommended planting procedures should always be followed to help ensure long-term success. Numerous general gardening books offer information on how to plant. Once you have designed your landscape but before you plant, you should design and install an Mulch irrigation system. It should be based on the type and location of your landscape plants. You can Right after planting, it is useful to apply design and install the system yourself, or hire an mulch to the top of soil around trees, shrubs and expert. This decision depends on your expertise flowers. Mulch reduces soil evaporation, provides and the time you have to devote to the project. weed control and buffers soil temperature. Many materials are suitable, including fabric cloth This section is intended to give an overview (alone or beneath other products), rocks, gravel, of irrigation approaches for High Desert gardens. Nuts and bolts information on how to install your wood chips and compost. High Desert winds may MAKE YOUR OWN COMPOST own irrigation system can be obtained by asking Instead of sending organic materials to landfills, Steps: blow mulch away. Use mulch under a rock layer for free irrigation publications from any of the or cover with landscape netting to reduce erosion. compost your yard clippings and use the mulch 1. Stack compost material four to six feet high. water agencies that sponsored this publication to improve your garden by adding organic Keep in place with wire or wood. (check the inside back cover for how to contact Mulches should be placed several inches material to your soil, increasing its ability to them), or talk to your local nursery, irrigation away from tree trunks and should extend several hold water. 2. Turn the compost pile every month to even the specialist or landscape professional. feet outward. Remember to irrigate for a long decomposing process. + Irrigation components should be based on Irrigate shrubs, trees and flower beds enough time to allow the water to penetrate into Composting is the breakdown of organic with drip systems whenever possible. the soil through the mulch. material by fungi and bacteria. The process of 3. Moisten the pile as needed to keep as wet as a your landscape needs and the capabilities of your composting builds heat, which destroys weed squeezed out sponge. home plumbing system. The following are three + Select sprinkler heads according to things you should do initially, whether you design Fertilizers seed, insects and disease. In the High Desert, 4. Add a handful of high nitrogen fertilizer with available pressure. If your static water and install the system yourself or hire a pressure is less than 40 psi, use plastic this normal heat build-up combined with high every large amount of organic matter added. professional: Do not fertilize at planting time! Wait until temperatures can result in fire. Keep compost heads rather than brass. plants are established. Then follow the 5. Composting will be complete in six weeks to six piles away from structures. 1. Draw your landscape plan on graph Here are some design and installation tips: + recommendations in the maintenance section of months, depending upon heat and the size of the paper. Include all trees, shrubs, turfgrass Several circuits are necessary due to this booklet. materials. and groundcover areas, as well as + Divide areas to be irrigated into squares water pressure and volume limitations. What can you compost? Good compost can Each circuit is controlled by one valve. include any organic material such as: grass hardscapes. Mark the location of the and rectangles whenever possible. 6. Place the composted material on the soil surface service line to your home. Group control valves together in a clippings, weeds, tree leaves, livestock manures, around plants, or mix into new planting areas + Install sprinklers in corners first. Then, convenient location for easy access. hedge clippings, straw, and vegetable wastes and backfill soils. It is especially good to use in 2. Use a pressure gauge to determine the install around the perimeter and finally in + Consider installing an automatic timer. from the kitchen. flowerbeds, soil mixes, or with container plants static water pressure. Do this at the the center as needed for full coverage. Select a timer that is compatible with and vegetables. outside faucet when no water is running + Wood chips will decompose very slowly while inside or outside. Take several readings Space sprinkler heads for head-to-head your irrigation scheduling needs. succulent material will break down relatively throughout the day and use the lowest for coverage. quickly designing your system. + Select sprinkler types (impulse, closed 3. Determine the size of the service line case rotors, spray heads and bubblers) running from the street to your house and according to size and use of area. 7 record the size of your water meter. 8 DESIGNING AND INSTALLING YOUR MULCHING & FERTILIZERS IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Recommended planting procedures should always be followed to help ensure long-term success. Numerous general gardening books offer information on how to plant. Once you have designed your landscape but before you plant, you should design and install an Mulch irrigation system. It should be based on the type and location of your landscape plants. You can Right after planting, it is useful to apply design and install the system yourself, or hire an mulch to the top of soil around trees, shrubs and expert. This decision depends on your expertise flowers. Mulch reduces soil evaporation, provides and the time you have to devote to the project. weed control and buffers soil temperature. Many materials are suitable, including fabric cloth This section is intended to give an overview (alone or beneath other products), rocks, gravel, of irrigation approaches for High Desert gardens. Nuts and bolts information on how to install your wood chips and compost. High Desert winds may MAKE YOUR OWN COMPOST own irrigation system can be obtained by asking Instead of sending organic materials to landfills, Steps: blow mulch away. Use mulch under a rock layer for free irrigation publications from any of the or cover with landscape netting to reduce erosion. compost your yard clippings and use the mulch 1. Stack compost material four to six feet high. water agencies that sponsored this publication to improve your garden by adding organic Keep in place with wire or wood. (check the inside back cover for how to contact Mulches should be placed several inches material to your soil, increasing its ability to them), or talk to your local nursery, irrigation away from tree trunks and should extend several hold water. 2. Turn the compost pile every month to even the specialist or landscape professional. feet outward. Remember to irrigate for a long decomposing process. + Irrigation components should be based on Irrigate shrubs, trees and flower beds enough time to allow the water to penetrate into Composting is the breakdown of organic with drip systems whenever possible. the soil through the mulch. material by fungi and bacteria. The process of 3. Moisten the pile as needed to keep as wet as a your landscape needs and the capabilities of your composting builds heat, which destroys weed squeezed out sponge. home plumbing system. The following are three + Select sprinkler heads according to things you should do initially, whether you design Fertilizers seed, insects and disease. In the High Desert, 4. Add a handful of high nitrogen fertilizer with available pressure. If your static water and install the system yourself or hire a pressure is less than 40 psi, use plastic this normal heat build-up combined with high every large amount of organic matter added. professional: Do not fertilize at planting time! Wait until temperatures can result in fire. Keep compost heads rather than brass. plants are established. Then follow the 5. Composting will be complete in six weeks to six piles away from structures. 1. Draw your landscape plan on graph Here are some design and installation tips: + recommendations in the maintenance section of months, depending upon heat and the size of the paper. Include all trees, shrubs, turfgrass Several circuits are necessary due to this booklet. materials. and groundcover areas, as well as + Divide areas to be irrigated into squares water pressure and volume limitations. What can you compost? Good compost can Each circuit is controlled by one valve. include any organic material such as: grass hardscapes. Mark the location of the and rectangles whenever possible. 6. Place the composted material on the soil surface service line to your home. Group control valves together in a clippings, weeds, tree leaves, livestock manures, around plants, or mix into new planting areas + Install sprinklers in corners first. Then, convenient location for easy access. hedge clippings, straw, and vegetable wastes and backfill soils. It is especially good to use in 2. Use a pressure gauge to determine the install around the perimeter and finally in + Consider installing an automatic timer. from the kitchen. flowerbeds, soil mixes, or with container plants static water pressure. Do this at the the center as needed for full coverage. Select a timer that is compatible with and vegetables. outside faucet when no water is running + Wood chips will decompose very slowly while inside or outside. Take several readings Space sprinkler heads for head-to-head your irrigation scheduling needs. succulent material will break down relatively throughout the day and use the lowest for coverage. quickly designing your system. + Select sprinkler types (impulse, closed 3. Determine the size of the service line case rotors, spray heads and bubblers) running from the street to your house and according to size and use of area. 7 record the size of your water meter. 8 RELANDSCAPING FOR THE HIGH DESERT A 3-YEAR GUIDE FOR RELANDSCAPING

The aim of this booklet is to guide High Desert residents toward beautiful landscapes that are water-efficient and appropriate for the High Desert environment. But many people buy existing homes and inherit gardens planned by others. Also many homeowners may have gardens that they developed before they fully realized the importance of water awareness.

In some cases, existing landscapes may be inappropriate for the High Desert, may be high water use or may not fit your family's needs. If so, there can be many benefits to relandscaping. These include: + + Decreasing your water use. + Decreasing the maintenance time for your landscape. + + Matching the landscape to your desired Year One Year Two Year Three uses for it. Many typical home gardens have large areas 1. Begin by installing all hardscape areas. 1. Adjust irrigation for new plantings. + of lawn bordered by a few shrubs, with a This will prevent you from disturbing 2. Add more shade trees, areas of mulch, + Lowering costs for both water and scattering of two or three trees planted in the your plantings with construction. and lawn furniture for private areas. + indoor energy use. lawn. Begin by identifying your goals. Turfgrass Hardscapes require no water and can 3. Add groundcover for extra color. should be kept to areas where it is needed for play result in dramatic water savings for your 4. Add shrubs for beauty and a more + Developing a more natural and pleasing or recreation. Hardscapes such as covered patios landscape. natural looking landscape. landscape. + and decking provide a good surface for outdoor 2. Renovate your existing irrigation system + Doing your part to conserve High recreation. Shrubs and groundcovers are to accommodate your new plan. Replace Desert water resources. beautiful, low maintenance alternatives to lawn portions of your spray sprinkler system areas. Trees can provide shade in summer and with a drip irrigation system for trees and help keep homes cool. Create intimate, private shrubs. Drip irrigation is the most water KEYS TO YOUR GARDEN MAKEOVER + Planting new materials, including turf to + Placing trees and shrubs for summer areas using paths, open areas and garden furniture efficient, is healthiest for plants and + meet only functional needs. shade and winter sun. placed under shady trees. reduces run off and erosion. 1. Inspect and repair your irrigation system. + + 1. Decide which elements you want to 3. Plant deciduous trees on the south and 2. Develop an appropriate watering schedule for Installing hardscape patios or decks for Developing plant zones and using drip include in your garden. west sides of buildings to provide summer existing plantings. recreational uses. irrigation where possible. 2. Make a plan that shows lawn, plantings shade but allow winter sun. Evergreen 3. Evaluate your needs. Will they be met by + + and hardscape. Remember, when you trees and shrubs placed on the north side relandscaping? If so, develop plans that include: Replacing labor-intensive plants with Using mulches to help soil retain water. low-water-use shrubs and groundcovers. rethink your landscape, consider of your home or business help retain function first and foremost. Group plants winter warmth. according to irrigation needs whenever possible. 3. Plan your irrigation system so that it 9 meets the needs of your new 10 landscape. RELANDSCAPING FOR THE HIGH DESERT A 3-YEAR GUIDE FOR RELANDSCAPING

In some cases, existing landscapes may be inappropriate for the High Desert, may be high water use or may not fit your family's needs. If so, there can be many benefits to relandscaping. These include: + + Decreasing your water use. + Decreasing the maintenance time for your landscape. + + Matching the landscape to your desired Year One Year Two Year Three uses for it. Many typical home gardens have large areas 1. Begin by installing all hardscape areas. 1. Adjust irrigation for new plantings. + of lawn bordered by a few shrubs, with a This will prevent you from disturbing 2. Add more shade trees, areas of mulch, + Lowering costs for both water and scattering of two or three trees planted in the your plantings with construction. and lawn furniture for private areas. + indoor energy use. lawn. Begin by identifying your goals. Turfgrass Hardscapes require no water and can 3. Add groundcover for extra color. should be kept to areas where it is needed for play result in dramatic water savings for your 4. Add shrubs for beauty and a more + Developing a more natural and pleasing or recreation. Hardscapes such as covered patios landscape. natural looking landscape. landscape. + and decking provide a good surface for outdoor 2. Renovate your existing irrigation system + Doing your part to conserve High recreation. Shrubs and groundcovers are to accommodate your new plan. Replace Desert water resources. beautiful, low maintenance alternatives to lawn portions of your spray sprinkler system areas. Trees can provide shade in summer and with a drip irrigation system for trees and help keep homes cool. Create intimate, private shrubs. Drip irrigation is the most water KEYS TO YOUR GARDEN MAKEOVER + Planting new materials, including turf to + Placing trees and shrubs for summer areas using paths, open areas and garden furniture efficient, is healthiest for plants and + meet only functional needs. shade and winter sun. placed under shady trees. reduces run off and erosion. 1. Inspect and repair your irrigation system. + + 1. Decide which elements you want to 3. Plant deciduous trees on the south and 2. Develop an appropriate watering schedule for Installing hardscape patios or decks for Developing plant zones and using drip include in your garden. west sides of buildings to provide summer existing plantings. recreational uses. irrigation where possible. 2. Make a plan that shows lawn, plantings shade but allow winter sun. Evergreen 3. Evaluate your needs. Will they be met by + + and hardscape. Remember, when you trees and shrubs placed on the north side relandscaping? If so, develop plans that include: Replacing labor-intensive plants with Using mulches to help soil retain water. low-water-use shrubs and groundcovers. rethink your landscape, consider of your home or business help retain function first and foremost. Group plants winter warmth. according to irrigation needs whenever possible. 3. Plan your irrigation system so that it 9 meets the needs of your new 10 landscape. MAINTAINING YOUR MAINTAINING AN ESTABLISHED LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Whether you recently purchased a pre-owned home or have lived in the same home for many + Prune trees when necessary. Remove years, the following recommended landscape dead and diseased wood, crossed limbs, GROUNDCOVERS maintenance practices are essential for plant health TREES suckers and weak vertical growth. and water conservation. Pruning stimulates additional shoot + Do not routinely fertilize groundcovers. Maintaining an effective irrigation system can growth, increasing the water requirement. Many recommended practices that favor plant + Keep turfgrass and other vegetation at least Fertilize once annually if nutrient deficiencies prevent more water waste than any other landscape health also conserve water. The following is an 20 inches from tree trunks. This promotes appear. practice. Yet, it is often the most overlooked overview of these practices. method of conserving water. faster tree growth and reduces competition + Avoid soil compaction. for water. Take time to examine your irrigation system at + Control weeds. + Do not routinely fertilize landscape trees. least once each month. Check for: + Irrigate groundcovers based on seasonal water Over-fertilization (particularly nitrogen) can + Broken sprinkler heads result in excessive growth, requiring demand. Consider using a water budget additional water. Fertilize if nutrient method (see page 13). Preliminary research + Sunken sprinkler heads indicates that many species do well when deficiencies appear. SHRUBS + Unmatched sprinkler heads + receiving about the same amount of water as Apply mulch around trees, but keep it warm-season turfgrass. + Non-vertical sprinkler heads several inches away from tree trunks. Mulch + Do not routinely fertilize shrubs. + reduces soil evaporation, buffers soil Overfertilization (particularly nitrogen) can Clogged drip emitters temperature and reduces weeds. Remember result in excessive growth, requiring If brown spots occur in turfgrass areas, conduct to apply water long enough to soak through additional water. Fertilize if nutrient a “can test” to check for spray uniformity, as the mulch layer into the roots. deficiencies appear. TURFGRASSES described in the “Lawn Watering Guide.” + + Avoid soil compaction around trees, which + Apply mulch around shrubs. + Remove thatch if over one-half inch thick. results in poor water infiltration and runoff. + Often brown spots occur because trees or + + + shrubs were added after the initial sprinkler system + + Avoid soil compaction around shrubs. Control weeds. Control weeds around trees. They compete + + was designed and installed. In this case, add extra for water. + Control weeds around shrubs. Fertilize moderately, applying low end of heads if the existing heads cannot be adjusted + recommended rates. If conditions dictate, + + Irrigate shrubs separately from surrounding accordingly. Irrigate trees separately from surrounding stop fertilizing altogether, except for vegetation whenever possible. Drip vegetation whenever possible. Drip systems potassium, which promotes drought Brown spots may also be caused by female systems work well for this purpose. (which include mini-sprinklers) are excellent + resistance. dogs, disease or insects. These problems can be for this purpose. Consider using a water + Most shrubs are water-efficient once identified by a professional consultant. + Aerate as necessary to avoid soil budget as outlined on page 13. established. Consider using a water budget + compaction. + Irrigate trees based on seasonal water method (see page 13). Irrigate based on demand. Preliminary research indicates that seasonal water demand. + Follow the lawn watering guide on page 13. many species do well on about the same amount of water as warm season turfgrasses, or even less.

11 12 MAINTAINING YOUR MAINTAINING AN ESTABLISHED LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION SYSTEM

11 12 WATER-BUDGET METHOD OF IRRIGATING TREES AND SHRUBS HIGH DESERT LAWN WATERING GUIDE DO YOU HAVE A FIRE HAZARD?

Developing a water budget to schedule Minutes to Irrigate Each Week The High Desert has some high fire danger Making your home safe from fires is an irrigations for trees and shrubs is often useful. areas, particularly at higher elevations or in important and complex issue. We urge you to con- Here's how to set one up: mountain chaparral. It is possible to plant an tact the California Department of Forestry and Fire Warm Season Turfgrass BERMUDA GRASS, ST. AUGUSTINE GRASS, ZOYSIA GRASS attractive fire retardant landscape in the High Protection or your local fire agency for complete 1. Determine the water-holding capacity of Desert. It takes thoughtful planning and careful information on their fire safety guidelines. Sprinkler Output (Inches Per Hour) your soil. As discussed earlier, most High 0.5” 1.0” 1.5” 2.0” maintenance. Desert soils are sandy loam by definition. Use the same process of analyzing your

January 49 25 17 13 K Fire Retardant Plant List:

budget, use the low end: Each foot of soil A E May 195 98 65 49 are fire resistant. holds 1 inch of water. E June 211 106 71 53 T A G

2. Consider the ultimate rooting depth of July 236 118 79 59 I R Groundcover: Achillea spp. (Yarrow) R

August 205 103 69 52 I shrubs and trees: Allow 1-1/2 feet of September 156 78 52 39 O Baccharis (Coyote Bush) T

water per shrub and 3 feet per tree. October 108 54 36 27 S E Ceanothus griseus 3. To determine the total water budget per T November 60 30 20 15 U N

I horizontalis tree, multiply 1 inch of water-holding- December 39 20 13 10 M (Carmel Creeper) capacity per each foot of soil depth: 1 Heliamthemum (Sunrose) inch of water/foot x 3 feet = 3 inches of Oenothera (Mexican water. Cool Season Turfgrass TALL FESCUE, KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS, PERENNIAL, RYEGRASS primrose) 4. To determine the total water budget per Santolina virens (Lavender shrub, multiply 1 inch of water-holding- Sprinkler Output (Inches Per Hour) Cotton) capacity per shrub, multiply 1 inch of 0.5” 1.0” 1.5” 2.0” Sedum species (Stonecrop) water-holding-capacity per each foot of

January 65 33 22 17 K E

soil depth: 1 inch of water/foot x 1.5 feet February 87 44 29 22 E

W Shrubs: Ceanothus spp. (California March 137 69 46 35

= 1.5 inches of water. H

April 188 94 63 47 C Lilac) A

5. Time irrigations accordingly. First, E May 259 130 87 65

E savings, color, privacy, etc. Add the priority of Cistus Spp. (Rockrose) irrigate to fill the entire soil depth (3' for June 281 141 94 71 T A Fire Retardant Checklist:

G using low-fire-fuel plants and grouping plants in Heteromeles (Toyon) July 314 157 105 79 I

trees, 1-1/2' for shrubs) R R

August 273 104 70 52 I fire-fuel zones to protect homes and structures. Lavendula spp. (Lavender) 6. Schedule future irrigations based on “feel + Plant low-fire-fuel plant materials, par- September 208 104 70 52 O T Within 30 feet of your residence, low-growing, Rhanus spp. (Buckthorn) tests.” Place some soil in your hand from October 144 72 48 36 S ticularly within the 30 foot “critical zone.” E November 79 40 27 20 T fire-retardant plants should be used. In this 30- Rhus ovata (Sugar Bush) the lower depth. If it forms a ball and U N December 52 26 18 13 I foot critical zone, maintain nonflammable + Keep trees and shrubs away from structures. does not ooze water, it is time to irrigate M Trees: Arbutus unedo (Strawberry again. If the soil does not form a ball, it If run off or brown spots occur with weekly applications, you can divide the weekly total by 2, 3, or 4, to irrigate two, three, or four times weekly. landscaping such as small lawn areas and + Prune all plant materials of dead wood and Tree) may be too dry. If it forms a ball and recreation areas. Large shrubs and trees should excess stems and branches. Gleditsia triacanthus (Honey oozes lots of water, check it again in a day not be planted directly adjacent to your home, and 1. Determine the output of your sprinklers. average amount of water in each can. MUILTIPLY BY 3 TO Locust) or two before you irrigate. in no case should trees overhang the roof. Keep + Apply just the right amount of water to keep Set six or more straight-sided cans of the same type (tuna or DETERMINE SPRINKLER OUTPUT PER HOUR. Parkinsonia spp. (Palo 7. Each irrigation should fill the plant's root catfood work well) on your lawn between sprinkler heads. trees and shrubs trimmed of dead material. In plants healthy. Too much water will promote Verde) area completely. Run the sprinklers for 20 minutes and measure the water in 2. Determine how long to irrigate each week. extremely hazardous areas, a clearance of excess plant growth which means more each can with a ruler. Water pressure varies depending on The table above tells you the total number of minutes to Umbellularia californica flammable vegetation for a minimum distance of potential fire fuel. Too little will lower the time of day. It is best to conduct the can test at the same time water your lawn each week. Find your sprinkler output and (Laurel) you plan to irrigate. (Don't try this during High Desert windy turfgrass type (warm or cool-season) to determine how long 30 to 100 feet from structures is recommended. plants' moisture content causing them to Washington filifera periods; results may be skewed.) Determine the to irrigate. burn more readily. 13 (California Fan Palm) - if 14 dead fronds are removed. WATER-BUDGET METHOD OF IRRIGATING TREES AND SHRUBS HIGH DESERT LAWN WATERING GUIDE DO YOU HAVE A FIRE HAZARD?

January 49 25 17 13 K Fire Retardant Plant List:

Both hold between 1 to 2 inches of water E February 65 33 22 17 E specific landscape site: functional use, energy W per foot of soil. For setting your water March 103 52 35 26 H Grass Species: With irrigation, turfgrasses April 141 71 47 36 C budget, use the low end: Each foot of soil A E May 195 98 65 49 are fire resistant. holds 1 inch of water. E June 211 106 71 53 T A G

2. Consider the ultimate rooting depth of July 236 118 79 59 I R Groundcover: Achillea spp. (Yarrow) R

August 205 103 69 52 I shrubs and trees: Allow 1-1/2 feet of September 156 78 52 39 O Baccharis (Coyote Bush) T

water per shrub and 3 feet per tree. October 108 54 36 27 S E Ceanothus griseus 3. To determine the total water budget per T November 60 30 20 15 U N

January 65 33 22 17 K E soil depth: 1 inch of water/foot x 1.5 feet February 87 44 29 22 E

W Shrubs: Ceanothus spp. (California March 137 69 46 35

= 1.5 inches of water. H

April 188 94 63 47 C Lilac) A

5. Time irrigations accordingly. First, E May 259 130 87 65

E savings, color, privacy, etc. Add the priority of Cistus Spp. (Rockrose) irrigate to fill the entire soil depth (3' for June 281 141 94 71 T A Fire Retardant Checklist:

G using low-fire-fuel plants and grouping plants in Heteromeles (Toyon) July 314 157 105 79 I

trees, 1-1/2' for shrubs) R R

The High Desert varies greatly in elevation and many homes have slope areas. Proper landscaping can keep slopes from sliding or eroding. Plantings on sloped areas require a specialized approach to irrigation and a selection SPRING FALL WINTER of suitable plants. High Desert plants come to life in the spring. It Many hot days will continue into fall, with periods Much of your High Desert garden will take a Drip irrigation will be the most water is the most active time for plant growth, and the of high winds and cooler High Desert nights. Watering break during the winter months. Trees, shrubs efficient; it will keep weeds down by putting plants will have moderate and consistent water schedules will change often during the fall months. As and warm season grasses will be dormant. Even water only at the roots of desired plants; it will needs. Spring rains (or even snow) and cool nights in spring, inconsistency reigns. Water needs begin evergreens will require very little irrigation water. lessen erosion from run off caused by overhead and mornings can lower irrigation requirements. declining dramatically in October. By November, Those with automatic irrigation systems may turn spray systems; and it can be easily placed and You may only need to water once every three days according to research data, irrigation requirements in them off during this time. The winter months are moved on difficult slope areas. Container trees or once a week or once every two weeks, the High Desert have dropped to about a third of peak the wettest time in California and the High and shrubs planted on slopes should be watered depending on your soil and the weather. summer needs. Watering times and amount should be Desert. But if the rains and snows don't come, using drip emitters. Inconsistency is the norm for spring water reduced accordingly. you will have to supplement nature with some schedules. Watch the weather, observe the plants infrequent, deep waterings, much like natural The cool fall nights in the High Desert offer area and take time to do “feel tests” for soil moisture. storms would bring. Winter is the perfect time to gardeners an opportunity unavailable in many other plant bare root deciduous trees and roses. Bare Plant annuals in small “investment zones” Southern California areas: fall color. The High Desert root planting produces healthy, fast-growing at this time of year. Mulch your trees and shrubs to offers the perfect conditions for a brilliant display of plants and saves money. prepare for the summer heat. Early spring is also fall leaf colors. Fall color is a result of short warm the time for the season's first applications of days coupled with cool, long nights. In general, the Plants for Slopes fertilizer, if needed. cooler the night temperatures, the greater the intensity Artemesia californica (Sagebrush) of color. A number of the trees recommended in the Baccharis pilularis (Coyote Bush) plant list section of this publication have showy fall Cercocarpus montanus (Mountain Mahogany) colors. These include: Fraxinus velutina, Arizona Ash; Cotoneaster species (Cotoneaster) Koelreuteria paniculata, Goldenrain Tree; Pistacia Elaeagnus pungens (Silverberry) SUMMER chinensis, Chinese Pistache; and Rhus lancea, African Leucophyllum species (Texas Ranger) Sumac. Oenothera berlandieri (Mexican Evening Summers in the High Desert are hot and plant Primrose) water requirements climb. During July alone, Parkinsonia aculeata (Mexican Palo Verde) plants require more watering than they did for the Pyracantha species (Pyracantha) whole four-month period of November, December, Rosa banksiae (Banks Rose) January and February. The weather tends to be Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary-the low consistent. Automatic timers can be set on a regular spreading form) schedule according to your plants' water budgets. Simmondsia chinensis (Jojoba) Dig into the soil every few days to check the moisture level until you feel confident you know when the plants need irrigation. Be sure to water only in the evening or early morning. Avoid 15 watering during windy periods: your water 16 belongs on your garden, not on the street. TURFGRASSES FOR THE HIGH DESERT PLANT LIST SHRUBS The following is a discussion of grass species “Warm Season” Species choices for the High Desert based on the latest research. “Warm Season” turfgrasses grow mainly in Agapanthus species, Lily-of-the-Nile, an adaptable Centurea cineraria, Dusty Miller, annual or perennial, spring and summer and go dormant in late fall and evergreen perennial to 2 feet in height with white or with silvery white leaves and spring and summer “Cool Season” Species winter. They use less water than “cool season” blue flower stalks. Does well in full sun or partial yellow flowers. Use as a border plant and as a foliage “Cool Season” turfgrasses grow mainly in fall, +turfgrasses. The following plants are well adapted for use shade. Drought tolerant when established. Can freeze contrast. Cut back if leggy. back during High Desert winters. winter and spring but remain green all year. To + Common and hybrid bermuda grass in the High Desert. There are many more water extend color into fall and winter, annual or require full sun but do well in hot High efficient plants carried by local nurseries or your perennial ryegrass “cool season” grasses are Desert summers. Both recover relatively local Community College. sometimes used to overseed “warm season” quickly from moderate wear and severe Using the following plants will help save High grasses. Alternatively, “cool season” turfgrasses can injury during their growing season. Desert water resources only if you combine them be established alone. “Cool season” turfgrasses Common bermuda grass is lower are higher water use than “warm season” maintenance and can be established from with thoughtful garden planning and proper watering strategies. turfgrasses. + seed rather than vegetatively. + Tall fescue performs better under high + Zoysia grass is heat tolerant and takes temperatures than other “cool season” some shade. It is relatively wear-resistant turfgrasses. It requires sun but accepts partial but recovers slowly from excessive wear Atriplex canescens, Saltbush, silvery leaves, fire Cercocarpus betuloides, Mountain Mahogany, native shade. Tall fescue is moderately wear-resistant + due to its slow growth rate. but does not recover completely from severe + SHRUBS...... 18-22 retardant, with 3-6 foot growth, good for erosion to the west, sun or light shade, good under tree canopy, injury. It is a low-maintenance turfgrass. Two St. Augustine grass is not commonly control. Likes full sun. Use as a naturalizer to native evergreen with open growth 5-10 feet, white spring or three varieties should be blended for grown in the High Desert because it does VINES...... 22 surroundings. Tolerates saline soils. flowers. optimum performance. not always survive the cold winters. It + performs well in high heat and is moderate GROUNDCOVER...... 22-24 + Perennial ryegrass performs well in partial in wear resistance and recovery time. PLANTS FOR COLOR ...... 24-25 shade in the High Desert. It is highly competitive against weeds if properly TREES ...... 25-27 maintained. Two or three varieties should be DROUGHT-TOLERANT blended for optimum performance. + PLANTS ...... 28-33 + Kentucky bluegrass lacks high-temperature tolerance and does not fare well under heavy traffic or compaction during summer when planted alone. Blending two or three good performing varieties together is recommended. Caesalpinia gilliesii, Bird of Paradise Bush, open, Chamaerops humilis, Mediterranean Fan Palm, + It requires moderate maintenance. sparsely leafed shrub grown for interesting shape and hardy to 6 feet, slow growing to 15 feet, use as accent, + Kentucky bluegrass/perennial ryegrass spectacular flowers, long blooming—spring through near pools, sun to partial shade. mixtures are preferred over planting either summer. Fast growing to 10 feet, does best in full sun turfgrass singularly. The mixture results in a and well-drained soil. more disease-resistant strand, offering good color and year-round performance. By weight, at least 15 percent perennial ryegrass is 17 recommended. 18 TURFGRASSES FOR THE HIGH DESERT PLANT LIST SHRUBS The following is a discussion of grass species “Warm Season” Species choices for the High Desert based on the latest research. “Warm Season” turfgrasses grow mainly in Agapanthus species, Lily-of-the-Nile, an adaptable Centurea cineraria, Dusty Miller, annual or perennial, spring and summer and go dormant in late fall and evergreen perennial to 2 feet in height with white or with silvery white leaves and spring and summer “Cool Season” Species winter. They use less water than “cool season” blue flower stalks. Does well in full sun or partial yellow flowers. Use as a border plant and as a foliage “Cool Season” turfgrasses grow mainly in fall, +turfgrasses. The following plants are well adapted for use shade. Drought tolerant when established. Can freeze contrast. Cut back if leggy. back during High Desert winters. winter and spring but remain green all year. To + Common and hybrid bermuda grass in the High Desert. There are many more water extend color into fall and winter, annual or require full sun but do well in hot High efficient plants carried by local nurseries or your perennial ryegrass “cool season” grasses are Desert summers. Both recover relatively local Community College. sometimes used to overseed “warm season” quickly from moderate wear and severe Using the following plants will help save High grasses. Alternatively, “cool season” turfgrasses can injury during their growing season. Desert water resources only if you combine them be established alone. “Cool season” turfgrasses Common bermuda grass is lower are higher water use than “warm season” maintenance and can be established from with thoughtful garden planning and proper watering strategies. turfgrasses. + seed rather than vegetatively. + Tall fescue performs better under high + Zoysia grass is heat tolerant and takes temperatures than other “cool season” some shade. It is relatively wear-resistant turfgrasses. It requires sun but accepts partial but recovers slowly from excessive wear Atriplex canescens, Saltbush, silvery leaves, fire Cercocarpus betuloides, Mountain Mahogany, native shade. Tall fescue is moderately wear-resistant + due to its slow growth rate. but does not recover completely from severe + SHRUBS...... 18-22 retardant, with 3-6 foot growth, good for erosion to the west, sun or light shade, good under tree canopy, injury. It is a low-maintenance turfgrass. Two St. Augustine grass is not commonly control. Likes full sun. Use as a naturalizer to native evergreen with open growth 5-10 feet, white spring or three varieties should be blended for grown in the High Desert because it does VINES...... 22 surroundings. Tolerates saline soils. flowers. optimum performance. not always survive the cold winters. It + performs well in high heat and is moderate GROUNDCOVER...... 22-24 + Perennial ryegrass performs well in partial in wear resistance and recovery time. PLANTS FOR COLOR ...... 24-25 shade in the High Desert. It is highly competitive against weeds if properly TREES ...... 25-27 maintained. Two or three varieties should be DROUGHT-TOLERANT blended for optimum performance. + PLANTS ...... 28-33 + Kentucky bluegrass lacks high-temperature tolerance and does not fare well under heavy traffic or compaction during summer when planted alone. Blending two or three good performing varieties together is recommended. Caesalpinia gilliesii, Bird of Paradise Bush, open, Chamaerops humilis, Mediterranean Fan Palm, + It requires moderate maintenance. sparsely leafed shrub grown for interesting shape and hardy to 6 feet, slow growing to 15 feet, use as accent, + Kentucky bluegrass/perennial ryegrass spectacular flowers, long blooming—spring through near pools, sun to partial shade. mixtures are preferred over planting either summer. Fast growing to 10 feet, does best in full sun turfgrass singularly. The mixture results in a and well-drained soil. more disease-resistant strand, offering good color and year-round performance. By weight, at least 15 percent perennial ryegrass is 17 recommended. 18 SHRUBS SHRUBS

Chilopsis linearis, Desert Willow, deciduous large Elaeagnus angustifolia, Russian Olive, large shrub Fremontodendron californicum, Flannel Bush, Juniperus species, Juniper, many varieties from shrub or small tree, drops leaves early and holds seed or small tree to 20 feet, 10-15 foot spread, deciduous. native to California, fast growth to 20 feet with prostrate form to medium sizes shrubs, use as capsules until removed, showy summer flower Attractive silver gray leaves with pale yellow flowers showy yellow spring flowers, needs good drainage accent, on slopes, as a barrier, for desert appearance, clusters pink to white trumpet shaped. Use in full sun, in summer, producing olive-like berries. Hardy, and little or no summer water, use as espalier, avoid pruning, give each variety the proper room to does well in highly exposed and difficult situations. takes nearly any conditions. Use as a screen shrub, against walls or as large shrub. Likes sun to partial grow, will do well in light shade or full sun. J. small tree, or pruned on a trellis or fence. shade. Various cultivated varieties available, includ- californica and J. ostosperma are native to the High ing some low-growing forms. Desert. Juniperous chinensis is more readily available in High Desert nurseries.

Coreopsis lanceolata, Coreopsis, perennial herb to Elaeagnus pungens, Silverberry, evergreen shrub Hemerocallis species, Daylily, bulb-like small Larrea tridentate, Creosote Bush, evergreen; 12 5 feet with bright yellow daisy-like flowers spring to to 10 feet with grayish foliage and rust colored shrubs with showy summer to fall blooms, generally feet, native to North American deserts. Use as a summer, start by seed then spreads by reseeding, undersides, can be shaped with pruning or allowed yellow to orange, use in borders, as mass plantings, natural desert plant, in a hedge, or as an accent. water increases plant size. Use anywhere to get to naturally sprawl, could be hedge or screen. Sun to near pools, best in shade or east exposure. Very bright color—near buildings or as a naturalizer. partial shade. Alkaline soils may need amendment successful in the High Desert, but may suffer some to adjust pH for successful growth. winter freeze damage and wind burn.

Cotoneaster species, Cotoneaster, evergreen, semi- Eriogonum fasciculatum, California Buckwheat, Heteromeles arbutifolia, Toyon, evergreen shrub Leucophyllum frutescens, Texas Ranger, evergreen, deciduous or deciduous groundcovers and small shrub native to the west, hardy, takes heat and wind, native to California, use as screen or large shrub, red slow-growing shrub 4-10 feet high, 4-5 feet wide. shrubs, arching branches with small leaves and red but likes well drained soil. White flowers late spring winter berries, give some summer water, fire retard- Tolerant of full sun, heat, wind, and alkali soil, winter berries, good for erosion control, give north or to fall. Low growing to 3 feet, use in rock gardens or ant with consistent water, good for erosion control. lavender flowers in summer and fall. Needs no east exposure with some shade, do not prune, looks as a naturalizer to native surroundings. Prune back Full sun or partial shade of large trees. pruning, use as a hedge, or as an accent with other best with natural growth, give room to spread. after flowering. shrubs. Native to Texas and Mexico. Warning: some other frequently available Erigo- num species are of coastal origin and may not 19 tolerate the High Desert heat and cold. 20 SHRUBS SHRUBS

Mahonia species, Oregon Grape, western natives, Rosa damascena, Damask Rose, deciduous old- Yucca species, Yucca, recommended species in- Achillea species, Yarrow, fern-like foliage used as low to medium shrubs, yellow spring flowers, fall style spreading rose with pale to deep pink 3-4 inch clude both Yucca chidegera (Mojave Yucca) and groundcover or accent plant, fire retardant, spread- berries, use in shade or north exposure site. Large fragrant flowers, grows 6-8 feet, prickly stems, Yucca whipplei. These plants are native to Southern ing, 18 inch high maximum, good for slopes, free varieties make good barrier plants because of their hardy and green during the hot season, good for California, featuring a cluster of spine-tipped leaves, blooming white or yellow summer to fall, use dried spiny leaves. Mahonia “Golden Abundance” is par- erosion control and banks or as hedges. Full sun. Can and white blooms on tall stalks. Fire retardant, flowers in arrangement. ticularly attractive. Can freeze back during High freeze back during High Desert winters. needs full sun. Beware: leaf spines can be dangerous, Desert winters. particularly for children, keep away from walks or play areas. Use as accent with other desert plants. Each rosette dies after flowering, but the colony remains.

VINES

Rhus ovata, Sugar Bush, evergreen shrub, slow Salvia species, Sage, evergreen shrubs with fragrant Campsis radicans, Trumpet Vine, fast growing Artemisia species, Wormwood Sage, commonly growing with deep green, glossy leaves and an foliage to 4 feet tall, flowers spring to fall in a range of deciduous vine with 3 inch long orange trumpet- with silver or gray foliage and pungent odor. Many attractive form. Plant in fall. Use as a hedge in full colors from reds to blues, attracts hummingbirds. like flowers. A vigorous climber, this plant can be varieties of varied sizes, all sun loving and drought sun or partial shade. Remove dead blooms to prolong flowering. Some used to cover overhead trellis to which they will tolerant. Use as a foliage accent color with other species are frost sensitive. cling with aerial rootlets. Can be used as bush or green shrubs or groundcovers, flowers generally hedge if trimmed. inconspicuous. Cut back in winter if needed.

Rosa banksiae, Banks Rose, evergreen to deciduous Simmondsia chinensis, Jojoba, evergreen to 10 feet, Wisteria species, Wisteria, highly adaptable decidu- Baccharis pilularis, “Centennial,” Coyote Brush, climber to 20 feet, thornless, large clusters of slow growth, can be trimmed to large screen, can ous vine, with fragrant violet-blue flowers. Can be full sun to part shade, glossy green leaves, 3 feet yellow or white flowers spring to summer, use on take reflected sun from walls or streets. Full sun. grown as a climbing vine, or with pruning as bushes high, 5 foot spread. Use as ground cover, on level or slopes, fences and arbors. Full sun to partial shade. or small trees. Reasonably drought, but likes sloping ground, prune back once per year to main- Can freeze back during High Desert winters. a little extra water during bloom or for fast growth. tain appearance.

21 22 SHRUBS SHRUBS GROUNDCOVER

VINES

21 22 GROUNDCOVER GROUNDCOVER

Cerastium tomentosum, Snow-in-Summer, low Helianthemum nummularium, Sunrose, evergreen, Rosmarinus officinalis, Rosemary, evergreen, Thymus species, Thyme, herbaceous groundcovers growing groundcover or edging plant, grey foliage, small shrub to 12 inches, grayish green foliage with aromatic foliage, 2 feet high with 4 feet or more for full sun or part shade, best as edging plants and in mass of white flowers in late spring and summer, a variety of spring flowers, cut back to encourage spread, light blue winter and spring flowers, attracts rock gardens. Grows to 12 inches, moderate mix as an underplanting with green groundcovers fall blooms, use in rock gardens to drape over plant- birds and bees. Sun to partial shade. Comes in both spreader, purple flowers in summer. Cut back after and shrubs, best with light shade, will easily recover ers, fire retardant. Partial shade or east exposures. low spreading and tall (6 feet or more) varieties. bloom ends. Note: many herbs do well in the High from poor winter looks. Desert, but may freeze back during the winter.

Festuca ovina glauca, Blue Fescue, clumping blue- Oenothera berlandieri, Mexican Evening Prim- Santolina chamacyporissus, Lavender Cotton, Verbena peruviana, Verbena, attractive, low- green grass which forms 3-4 inch high mounds. rose, deciduous low growing, spreading roots, with 1 foot high clumping groundcover with gray foliage, growing, perennial groundcover with profuse pink Takes sun but does best in partial shade and with bright pink flowers, use for annual color, good for yellow summer flowers. Or try Santolina virens, to red spring flowers. Takes full sun, good for use in consistent water. Tolerates no foot traffic. Use in slopes, fire retardant. Full sun or partial shade. same as above but with deep green foliage, cut back narrow planting beds, rock gardens, or to cover rock gardens, on north or east exposures, or as a to keep low. Full sun with well-drained soil. moderate slopes. border to lawns or walks. Cut back after flowering.

PLANTS FOR COLOR

Gazania species, Gazania, low growing ground- Pyracantha species, Pyracantha, a hardy, ever- Cosmos, Cosmos, annual from seed or nursery Eschscholzia californica, California Poppy, freely cover with a spectacular display of daisy-like green shrub with cream white flowers in spring and stock, easily reseeds, with white, pink, purple seeding annual with bright orange flowers in spring; flowers ranging from yellow to dark red in late numerous colorful red berries through the fall and summer and fall daisy-like flowers to 3 feet tall, longer lasting with some water; broadcast seed in spring and summer. Both clumping and trailing winter. Grows 5-12 feet high and wide. Stems are good for daily cut flowers. Full sun to partial shade. the fall for best results; does not transplant. Full sun varieties. Gazania usually dies out in two to three quite thorny. Use as a screen, on a fence, or as a to partial shade. seasons, requiring replanting. Native to South Africa. spreading groundcover. Full sun. Can freeze back Full sun. during High Desert winters. 23 24 GROUNDCOVER GROUNDCOVER

PLANTS FOR COLOR

Lavendula angustifolia, English Lavender, evergreen Nierembergia hippomanica, Cup Flower, annual, 6 Cercidium floridum, Blue Palo Verde, native to Fraxinus velutia, Modesto Ash, high recom- mounding shrub, 3 to 4 feet wide and high, producing 12 inches high with violet flowers summer into western deserts, deciduous with fast growth to 30 mended, a vigorous Arizona ash variety, fast lavender flowers in summer. Use as an accent plant, as fall. Will do best in partial shade and with consistent feet with equal spread, yellow flowers in spring. growth to 50 feet, 30 foot spread, deciduous, yellow a rounded hedge row or in rock gardens. Prune dried water. Use as a border plant, for a mass of color, or in Takes full sun in the toughest exposures. fall color. Beware, roots can affect plumbing or flower stalks. Full sun or partial shade. pots. Trim after blooming to encourage longer life. septic systems and may lift sidewalks or patios, water deeply to control roots. Full sun.

TREES

Albizia julibrissen, Silk Tree, highly recom- Calocedrus decurreaus, Incense Cedar, native to Cupressus arizonica, Arizona Cypress, fast to 30 Gleditsia triacanthus, Honey Locust, small tree to mended, 30 feet tall with 30 foot spread, deciduous California, 60 feet tall, 20 foot spread, symmetrical, feet, 15 foot spread, used as screen or windbreak, 25 feet, 20 foot spread, deciduous, good in lawns, with showy pink summer flowers, fern-like leaves, good for windbreaks, water deeply, grows slowly evergreen. Full sun on the south and west exposure. patios, stake until established. Attractive lime yellow stake until established, makes a good patio tree. when young. spring leaf color. Suckers profusely and must be trimmed often. Particularly recommended in the High Desert in the “Moraine” variety. Full sun.

Arbutus unedo, Strawberry Tree, highly recom- Cedrus deodora, Deodar Cedar, moderate growth Fraxinus velutina, Arizona Ash, highly recom- Koelreuteria paniculata, Goldenrain Tree, highly mended, use as a shade shrub or on north exposures, to 60 feet, 20 foot spread, evergreen. Moderate mended, deciduous, excellent shade, 20 or more recommended, moderate growth to 30 feet, 25 foot slow growth to 20 feet, dark green attractive leaves, water when young, stake until established. Takes feet high. A native of Arizona, withstands hot, dry spread, deciduous, white or cream flowers in white flowers and red fruit in fall and winter. full sun. conditions. Beware, roots can affect plumbing or summer turning to pink seed clusters, needs consis- septic systems and may lift sidewalks or patios, tent water when young. Excellent for shade, street, water deeply to control roots. Full sun. or patio tree. Full sun.

25 26 PLANTS FOR COLOR TREES

TREES

25 26 TREES The following is a list of additional plants suitable for the High Desert climate.

Parkinsonia aculata, Mexican Palo Verde, fast Prosopis glandulosa, Texas Mesquite or Honey growth to 30 feet tall, 25 foot spread, semi-deciduous Mesquite, deciduous, multi-trunked, fast growth to GROUNDCOVER spring. Groundcover for banks, large with spiny branches, tiny leaves, profuse yellow 20 feet, 25 foot spread, native to the southwestern areas with poor soil. Endures BRIDAL WREATH blooms in spring and summer. Good desert naturalizer. desert. Use as accent or as a tree transitioning to the DWARF COYOTE BUSH drought, heat. Spiraea prunifolia Use as accent or transition to natural surroundings. Full natural surroundings. Full sun. Baccharis pilularis Deciduous. Full sun or light shade, 6 sun. Evergreen. Full sun, little water. SANTOLINA feet high, 6 feet wide, tiny white rose- Most dependable groundcover. Santolina virens (Green Lavender like flower in spring and arching Dense, billowy, bright green mat, 8- Cotton) branches. Small dark green leaves 24 inches high spreading to 6 feet or Evergreen. Full sun. Clumping turn rich red in fall. more. Small ½-inch leaves. groundcover, 1-foot high, with green foliage, yellow summer flowers. Clip BUSH MORNING GLORY GAZANIA off spent flowers, cut back in early Convolvulus cneorum Gazania spring. Lavender Cotton similar but Evergreen. Full sun to partial shade Perennial. Full sun. Low-growing has gray leaves. (more compact in full sun). Low groundcover with a spectacular water use. Rapid growing to 4 feet display of daisy-like flowers ranging THYME high and 4 feet wide. Silky smooth, Pinus halepensis, Aleppo Pine, moderate to 50 feet, Rhus lancea, African Sumac, evergreen shrub, from yellow to dark red in late spring Thymus pseudolanuginosus (Wooly silvery gray lance-shaped throats 25 foot spread, evergreen, use near lawns and for slow growing to 20 feet, 15 foot spread, attractive and summer. Both clumping and Thyme) open from pink buds May-September. windswept look. Full sun. Water deeply to prevent leaf and form, needs fall planting time. Full sun or trailing varieties. Usually dies out in Perennial groundcover, mat-forming. shallow rooting. Also recommended is Pinus partial shade. two or three seasons, requiring Full sun or dry shade, low to CISTUS eldarica, slightly smaller than the Aleppo Pine, and replanting. moderate water. Best as edging plant, Cistaceae (Rockrose) with a more conical shape. between stepping stones and in rock Evergreen. Full sun, 2-5 feet high, 2- LAVENDER COTTON gardens. Spreads to 18 inches, 1-2 5 feet wide, flowers white, purple, or Santolina chamaecyparissus inches tall, small pink flowers in early pink dependent on variety. Evergreen. Full sun. Clumping summer. May freeze back during groundcover, 1-foot high with gray winter. CLEVELAND SAGE foliage, yellow summer flowers. Clip Salvia clevelandii off spent flowers, cut back in early SHRUBS / PLANTS Perennial. Full sun, little water. spring. Rounded to 4 feet. Gray-green AUTUMN SAGE foliage with marvelous fragrance. PROSTRATA ACACIA Salvia greggii Flowers lavender blue in tall open Pistacia chinensis, Chinese Pistache, highly Robinia pseudoacacia, Idaho Locust, deciduous, Acacia redolens Evergreen perennial. Infrequent deep spires, fragrant May-August. recommended, moderate growth to 50 feet, 30 foot moderately fast-growing to 35 feet, 20 foot spread. Evergreen. Full sun, little water. water. Shelter from midday sun. spread, deciduous, brilliant orange fall color, use Clusters of white or pink flowers in the spring. Likes Grows 1-2 feet with a 15-foot spread. Bushy to 3-4 feet with medium green COTONEASTER near street, lawn or as a patio tree. heat and full sun. Roots are aggressive and may send Narrow, gray-green leathery leaves. leaves. Flowers in reddish purple, Cotoneaster horizontalis (Rock up suckers. Use as an accent tree, away from lawns. Flowers puffy yellow balls in the late spring, summer, fall and winter in Cotoneaster) desert. Deciduous. Full sun, little to no water

27 28 TREES The following is a list of additional plants suitable for the High Desert climate.

27 28 once established. Can be 2-3 feet tall, Arctostaphylos densiflora (Howard unbranching trunk 6-10 feet tall. RUSSIAN SAGE (rarely to 12 feet). Longish oval 1-5 feet wide, with horizontal McMinn) Spreads to offsets to make large Perovskia atriplicifolia leaves silvery on both lower and branches. Leaves are small, round, FUCHSIA-FLOWERING Evergreen shrub. Full sun, some groups. Leaves 2-3 feet long, 2 Perennial. Full sun. Woody-based upper surfaces, red or orange berries, bright green in color and turn orange GOOSEBERRY water. Grows in mound 5-6 foot tall, inches wide, beautiful blue-gray- multistemmed plant to 3 feet tall. sour but edible, used for jams and and red before falling. Ribes speciosum creating canopy. Smooth red bark. green in color. Large, white, open- Gray-green leaves, lavender blue jellies. Good for attracting birds. Nearly evergreen. Full sun to partial Flowers white or pink in spring. clustered flowers in June. flowers, long summer bloom if old DATIL YUCCA shade. Growth 3-6 feet tall. Thick flowers are trimmed off. Dormant in SMALL LEAF MOUNTAIN Yucca baccata green leaves with drooping deep MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY PROSTRATA JUNIPER winter. MAHOGANY Evergreen perennial. Single stemless crimson to cherry red flowers. Cercocarpus montanus Juniperus davurica expansa Cercocarpus ledifolius intricatus rosettes to 3 feet tall. Leaves 2 feet Blooms January-May. Deciduous. Full sun, no water once (Parsonii) SALTBUSH Evergreen. Full sun, slow growth 3-9 long, 2 inches wide, beautiful blue- established, 4-6 feet. Evergreen. Sun or partial shade. Atriplex lentiformis (Quail Bush) feet, with intricate branching and tiny gray-green in color. Flowers GOLDEN CURRANT Some summer water in hot areas. Deciduous. Full sun, very little water. inrolled leaves, green above, gray May-June. Ribes aureum NEW MEXICAN PRIVET Grow as shrub or tree. Growth to 8 Densely branched, 3-10 feet high and underneath. Deciduous. Full sun or partial shade, Forestiera neomexicana feet. Dense, short twigs on heavy, 6-12 feet wide. Oval, bluish gray DESERT SPOON 3-6 feet high, berries yellow to red to Deciduous. Full sun, grows faster horizontal branches. Slow growing. leaves. Useful as hedge or SOAPWEED Dasylirion wheeleri black, bright yellow flowers, fragrant, with some water. Grows to 8 feet, windbreak. Yucca glauca Evergreen. Full sun, no water once spring bloom. nearly as wide. Smooth medium RED-HOT POKER Evergreen. Stemless or short established. Spiky bluish gray leaves green leaves. Flowers negligible. Kniphofia uvaria SERVICEBERRY stemmed. Tough, leathery, gray- to 3 feet, inch-wide leaves slowly GOPHER PURGE Egg-shaped blue-black fruit on some Perennial. Full sun or little shade. Amelanchier green, narrow, sharp leaves 1-2 feet build a trunk to 3 feet tall, eventually Euphorbia characias plants. Fairly fast growth makes this No dry season water. Coarse with Deciduous. Full sun. Narrow multi- tall. Early summer creamy flowers on produces tiny flowers on tall, slender Evergreen perennial. Full sun, little a good screening plant. large, dense clumps of long grass-like stemmed shrub or small tree, 10-12 3- 4 stalks. spike (9-15 feet tall). to moderate water. Upright stems leaves. Flower stalks (taller than feet. Clusters of white or pinkish make dome-shaped bush 4 feet tall. OUR LORD'S CANDLE leaves) are about 2 feet red or yellow, flowers in early spring. Purplish new SPANISH BAYONET EURYOPS Narrow, blue-green leaves with Yucca whipplei tubular flowers forming poker-like foliage turns deep green, then yellow Yucca aloifolia Euryops pectinatus clustered flowers. Evergreen. Full sun, periodic deep clusters 1 foot long. Blooms spring and red in fall. Small, dark blue fruit, Evergreen. Trunk either single or Evergreen perennial to 6 feet. Flower soaking. Stemless, with dense cluster through summer. popular with birds. branched or sprawling in picturesque heads are daisy-like. Long bloom MANZANITA of rigid, gray-green needle-tipped effect, slow growth to 10 feet tall. season, cut back after flowering. Arctostaphylos manzanita leaves 12-21 inches long. Flowering RED YUCCA SHRUBBY CINQUEFOIL Sharp-pointed dark green leaves 2-3 Easy maintenance and fast growing in Evergreen. Full sun, some water. stems to 6-14 feet long. Drooping, Hesperaloe parviflora Potentilla fruticosa feet long, 2 inches wide. Flowers in full sun. Tall shrub or treelike shrub. Grows 6- bell-shaped, 1-2 inch, creamy white Evergreen perennial. Full sun, no Deciduous. Does best in full sun. summer. Sharp-spined leaf tips a 20 feet high and spreads 4-10 feet blossoms in large, branched spikes 3- dry-season water. Makes dense Low mounded 1-4 feet high, with hazard if planted near walkway. FEATHERY CASSIA wide with purplish red bark. Shiny 6 feet long. Plant dies after blooming, yuccalike clump of very narrow, equal spread. Yellow buttercup-like Cassia artemisioides bright leaves seeds. swordlike leaves 4 feet long and flowers in spring until first frost. SPANISH LAVENDER Evergreen. Light and airy structure to green to dull green oval leaves. about 1 inch wide. Pink to rose red Tolerates extreme cold. Lavandula stoechas 5 feet. Leaves are gray, flowers are Flowers white to pink in open, PENDULA YUCCA flowers in slim 3-4 foot high clusters Evergreen. Full sun, little water. yellow. Blooms January through drooping clusters in spring. Yucca recurvifolia bloom in early summer. Good large SILVER BUFFALOBERRY Stocky plants to 3 feet tall, with April, often into summer. Evergreen perennial. Single container plant. Shepherdia argentea narrow gray leaves. Flowers dark MANZANITA Deciduous. Full sun, 5-6 feet high purple, about 1/8-inch long in dense 29 30 once established. Can be 2-3 feet tall, Arctostaphylos densiflora (Howard unbranching trunk 6-10 feet tall. RUSSIAN SAGE (rarely to 12 feet). Longish oval 1-5 feet wide, with horizontal McMinn) Spreads to offsets to make large Perovskia atriplicifolia leaves silvery on both lower and branches. Leaves are small, round, FUCHSIA-FLOWERING Evergreen shrub. Full sun, some groups. Leaves 2-3 feet long, 2 Perennial. Full sun. Woody-based upper surfaces, red or orange berries, bright green in color and turn orange GOOSEBERRY water. Grows in mound 5-6 foot tall, inches wide, beautiful blue-gray- multistemmed plant to 3 feet tall. sour but edible, used for jams and and red before falling. Ribes speciosum creating canopy. Smooth red bark. green in color. Large, white, open- Gray-green leaves, lavender blue jellies. Good for attracting birds. Nearly evergreen. Full sun to partial Flowers white or pink in spring. clustered flowers in June. flowers, long summer bloom if old DATIL YUCCA shade. Growth 3-6 feet tall. Thick flowers are trimmed off. Dormant in SMALL LEAF MOUNTAIN Yucca baccata green leaves with drooping deep MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY PROSTRATA JUNIPER winter. MAHOGANY Evergreen perennial. Single stemless crimson to cherry red flowers. Cercocarpus montanus Juniperus davurica expansa Cercocarpus ledifolius intricatus rosettes to 3 feet tall. Leaves 2 feet Blooms January-May. Deciduous. Full sun, no water once (Parsonii) SALTBUSH Evergreen. Full sun, slow growth 3-9 long, 2 inches wide, beautiful blue- established, 4-6 feet. Evergreen. Sun or partial shade. Atriplex lentiformis (Quail Bush) feet, with intricate branching and tiny gray-green in color. Flowers GOLDEN CURRANT Some summer water in hot areas. Deciduous. Full sun, very little water. inrolled leaves, green above, gray May-June. Ribes aureum NEW MEXICAN PRIVET Grow as shrub or tree. Growth to 8 Densely branched, 3-10 feet high and underneath. Deciduous. Full sun or partial shade, Forestiera neomexicana feet. Dense, short twigs on heavy, 6-12 feet wide. Oval, bluish gray DESERT SPOON 3-6 feet high, berries yellow to red to Deciduous. Full sun, grows faster horizontal branches. Slow growing. leaves. Useful as hedge or SOAPWEED Dasylirion wheeleri black, bright yellow flowers, fragrant, with some water. Grows to 8 feet, windbreak. Yucca glauca Evergreen. Full sun, no water once spring bloom. nearly as wide. Smooth medium RED-HOT POKER Evergreen. Stemless or short established. Spiky bluish gray leaves green leaves. Flowers negligible. Kniphofia uvaria SERVICEBERRY stemmed. Tough, leathery, gray- to 3 feet, inch-wide leaves slowly GOPHER PURGE Egg-shaped blue-black fruit on some Perennial. Full sun or little shade. Amelanchier green, narrow, sharp leaves 1-2 feet build a trunk to 3 feet tall, eventually Euphorbia characias plants. Fairly fast growth makes this No dry season water. Coarse with Deciduous. Full sun. Narrow multi- tall. Early summer creamy flowers on produces tiny flowers on tall, slender Evergreen perennial. Full sun, little a good screening plant. large, dense clumps of long grass-like stemmed shrub or small tree, 10-12 3- 4 stalks. spike (9-15 feet tall). to moderate water. Upright stems leaves. Flower stalks (taller than feet. Clusters of white or pinkish make dome-shaped bush 4 feet tall. OUR LORD'S CANDLE leaves) are about 2 feet red or yellow, flowers in early spring. Purplish new SPANISH BAYONET EURYOPS Narrow, blue-green leaves with Yucca whipplei tubular flowers forming poker-like foliage turns deep green, then yellow Yucca aloifolia Euryops pectinatus clustered flowers. Evergreen. Full sun, periodic deep clusters 1 foot long. Blooms spring and red in fall. Small, dark blue fruit, Evergreen. Trunk either single or Evergreen perennial to 6 feet. Flower soaking. Stemless, with dense cluster through summer. popular with birds. branched or sprawling in picturesque heads are daisy-like. Long bloom MANZANITA of rigid, gray-green needle-tipped effect, slow growth to 10 feet tall. season, cut back after flowering. Arctostaphylos manzanita leaves 12-21 inches long. Flowering RED YUCCA SHRUBBY CINQUEFOIL Sharp-pointed dark green leaves 2-3 Easy maintenance and fast growing in Evergreen. Full sun, some water. stems to 6-14 feet long. Drooping, Hesperaloe parviflora Potentilla fruticosa feet long, 2 inches wide. Flowers in full sun. Tall shrub or treelike shrub. Grows 6- bell-shaped, 1-2 inch, creamy white Evergreen perennial. Full sun, no Deciduous. Does best in full sun. summer. Sharp-spined leaf tips a 20 feet high and spreads 4-10 feet blossoms in large, branched spikes 3- dry-season water. Makes dense Low mounded 1-4 feet high, with hazard if planted near walkway. FEATHERY CASSIA wide with purplish red bark. Shiny 6 feet long. Plant dies after blooming, yuccalike clump of very narrow, equal spread. Yellow buttercup-like Cassia artemisioides bright leaves seeds. swordlike leaves 4 feet long and flowers in spring until first frost. SPANISH LAVENDER Evergreen. Light and airy structure to green to dull green oval leaves. about 1 inch wide. Pink to rose red Tolerates extreme cold. Lavandula stoechas 5 feet. Leaves are gray, flowers are Flowers white to pink in open, PENDULA YUCCA flowers in slim 3-4 foot high clusters Evergreen. Full sun, little water. yellow. Blooms January through drooping clusters in spring. Yucca recurvifolia bloom in early summer. Good large SILVER BUFFALOBERRY Stocky plants to 3 feet tall, with April, often into summer. Evergreen perennial. Single container plant. Shepherdia argentea narrow gray leaves. Flowers dark MANZANITA Deciduous. Full sun, 5-6 feet high purple, about 1/8-inch long in dense 29 30 What is Desert Communities Water Awareness Expo? short spikes topped with tuft of large Dark green leaflets 4-5 inches long. purple petal-like bracts. Blooms early Pea-size, berry-like yellow or red fruit HOLLYWOOD JUNIPER The local organizations and communities that make up Desert Communities Water Awareness Expo made possible this booklet through their financial summer. grows on female tree. Useful for Juniperus chinensis (Torulosa) contributions and/or through their collaborative efforts. Those organizations and communities are Apple Valley Heights County Water District, Apple SULFUR FLOWER screens, clipped hedges or background. Evergreen. Sun or partial shade. Some Valley Ranchos Water Company, Baldy Mesa Water District, City of Adelanto, City of Hesperia Water Department, Mojave Water Agency, San Eriogonum umbellatum ARIZONA ROSEWOOD summer water in hot areas. Tree or Bernardino County Service Areas, Southern California Water Company, City of Victorville Public Works Department, Victor Valley Wastewater Perennial. Full sun, some water. Vauquelinia californica shrub, growth to 15 feet, irregular, Reclamation Authority, and Victor Valley Water District. Low, broad mats of stems set with Evergreen. Full sun, no water once upright. Rich green in color. Branches green leaves, white felted beneath. In established. Grow as tree or shrub, to 20 with irregular, twisted appearance. Expo participants provide water to residents in the High Desert, and our goal is to educate the public about the importance of conserving and preserving summer, 4-12-inch stalks carry feet. Dark gray to reddish brown bark. nature's most precious nonrenewable natural resource. We believe the collaborative efforts of Expo participants reinforce the message that we share a Lance-shaped leaves with lightly clusters of tiny yellow flowers that ITALIAN CYPRESS collective responsibility to protect our water supply. toothed edges to 3 inches long and 1/2- Cupressus sempervirens age to rust. inch-wide. White, 1/4-inch-wide five Evergreen. Columnar Italian Cypress Since the early 1990s, Expo has participated in local events, offering conservation literature and presenting a drought-tolerant landscape display. petaled flowers grow in loose, flattened eventually grow to dense, narrow, SWEET BROOM clusters at branch tips in late spring. A Guide to High Desert Landscaping is one more example of our commitment to serving our community through providing valuable resource material. Genista columnar trees to 60 feet. Evergreen. Full sun. No dry-season AUSTRIAN BLACK PINE If you would like more information about Expo or water issues in your community, please contact your local water supplier. water. Grows to 10 feet forming a Pinus nigra OLIVE shrub of almost leafless stems. Bright Evergreen. Full sun, little water. Slow Olea europaia yellow, fragrant flowers in clusters at to moderate growth to 40 feet. Dense Evergreen. Full sun, likes hot dry each branch. Blooms March-August. with needles in 2s, 3-6 inches, stiff very summers. Slow growth to 30 feet and dark green. Cones 2-3 inch oval brown. 30 feet wide with soft gray-green WESTERN REDBUD Very hardy. foliage. Begin training early. Cercis occidentalis Deciduous. Full sun. Grow as shrub BAILEY ACACIA RUSSIAN OLIVE or tree, 10-18 feet tall and wide. In Acacia baileyana (Mimosa) Elaeagnus angustifolia spring, 3-week display of brilliant Evergreen or deciduous. Full sun, Deciduous. Small to 20 feet, 10-15 magenta flowers. Blue-green foliage little water. Grows to 30 feet with a foot spread. Attractive silver gray in summer. In fall, whole plant turns 40-foot spread. Flowers yellow, leaves with pale yellow flowers in light yellow or red. In winter, bare fragrant clusters in January-February. summer, producing olive-like berries. branches hold reddish brown seed Hardy with feathery, finely cut, blue- Hardy, takes nearly any conditions. Authors: pods. gray leaves. Use as a screen shrub, small tree, or Tom Ash, Director of Landscapes Southern California Style The Water Conservation Education pruned on a trellis or fence. Garden, University of California Cooperative Extension/Western Municipal Water District TREES EUCALYPTUS Janet Hartin, U. C. Cooperative Extension Horticulture Advisor San Bernardino County Eucalyptus gunnii (Cider gum) SMOKE TREE AFRICAN SUMAC Evergreen. Full sun. Medium to large, Cotinus coggygria purpureus Special thanks for reviewing the original text extended to the following UC Cooperative Extension Rhus lancea dense, vertical trees, 40-75 feet. Deciduous. Full sun. Unusual shrub- specialists: Evergreen. Full sun, little water. Slow Smooth green and tan bark. Small tree creating broad, urn-shaped mass Dr. Victor Gibeault growing to 25 feet. Open spreading usually as wide as it is high, Dennis Pittenger white flowers April-June. Strong and J.L. Meyer habit, graceful weeping outer branches. hardy. Good shade, windbreak of eventually to 25 feet. Dramatic puffs of purple to lavender “smoke” come 31 privacy screen. Primary photography: Douglas McCulloh 32 What is Desert Communities Water Awareness Expo? short spikes topped with tuft of large Dark green leaflets 4-5 inches long. purple petal-like bracts. Blooms early Pea-size, berry-like yellow or red fruit HOLLYWOOD JUNIPER The local organizations and communities that make up Desert Communities Water Awareness Expo made possible this booklet through their financial summer. grows on female tree. Useful for Juniperus chinensis (Torulosa) contributions and/or through their collaborative efforts. Those organizations and communities are Apple Valley Heights County Water District, Apple SULFUR FLOWER screens, clipped hedges or background. Evergreen. Sun or partial shade. Some Valley Ranchos Water Company, Baldy Mesa Water District, City of Adelanto, City of Hesperia Water Department, Mojave Water Agency, San Eriogonum umbellatum ARIZONA ROSEWOOD summer water in hot areas. Tree or Bernardino County Service Areas, Southern California Water Company, City of Victorville Public Works Department, Victor Valley Wastewater Perennial. Full sun, some water. Vauquelinia californica shrub, growth to 15 feet, irregular, Reclamation Authority, and Victor Valley Water District. Low, broad mats of stems set with Evergreen. Full sun, no water once upright. Rich green in color. Branches green leaves, white felted beneath. In established. Grow as tree or shrub, to 20 with irregular, twisted appearance. Expo participants provide water to residents in the High Desert, and our goal is to educate the public about the importance of conserving and preserving summer, 4-12-inch stalks carry feet. Dark gray to reddish brown bark. nature's most precious nonrenewable natural resource. We believe the collaborative efforts of Expo participants reinforce the message that we share a Lance-shaped leaves with lightly clusters of tiny yellow flowers that ITALIAN CYPRESS collective responsibility to protect our water supply. toothed edges to 3 inches long and 1/2- Cupressus sempervirens age to rust. inch-wide. White, 1/4-inch-wide five Evergreen. Columnar Italian Cypress Since the early 1990s, Expo has participated in local events, offering conservation literature and presenting a drought-tolerant landscape display. petaled flowers grow in loose, flattened eventually grow to dense, narrow, SWEET BROOM clusters at branch tips in late spring. A Guide to High Desert Landscaping is one more example of our commitment to serving our community through providing valuable resource material. Genista columnar trees to 60 feet. Evergreen. Full sun. No dry-season AUSTRIAN BLACK PINE If you would like more information about Expo or water issues in your community, please contact your local water supplier. water. Grows to 10 feet forming a Pinus nigra OLIVE shrub of almost leafless stems. Bright Evergreen. Full sun, little water. Slow Olea europaia yellow, fragrant flowers in clusters at to moderate growth to 40 feet. Dense Evergreen. Full sun, likes hot dry each branch. Blooms March-August. with needles in 2s, 3-6 inches, stiff very summers. Slow growth to 30 feet and dark green. Cones 2-3 inch oval brown. 30 feet wide with soft gray-green WESTERN REDBUD Very hardy. foliage. Begin training early. Cercis occidentalis Deciduous. Full sun. Grow as shrub BAILEY ACACIA RUSSIAN OLIVE or tree, 10-18 feet tall and wide. In Acacia baileyana (Mimosa) Elaeagnus angustifolia spring, 3-week display of brilliant Evergreen or deciduous. Full sun, Deciduous. Small to 20 feet, 10-15 magenta flowers. Blue-green foliage little water. Grows to 30 feet with a foot spread. Attractive silver gray in summer. In fall, whole plant turns 40-foot spread. Flowers yellow, leaves with pale yellow flowers in light yellow or red. In winter, bare fragrant clusters in January-February. summer, producing olive-like berries. branches hold reddish brown seed Hardy with feathery, finely cut, blue- Hardy, takes nearly any conditions. Authors: pods. gray leaves. Use as a screen shrub, small tree, or Tom Ash, Director of Landscapes Southern California Style The Water Conservation Education pruned on a trellis or fence. Garden, University of California Cooperative Extension/Western Municipal Water District TREES EUCALYPTUS Janet Hartin, U. C. Cooperative Extension Horticulture Advisor San Bernardino County Eucalyptus gunnii (Cider gum) SMOKE TREE AFRICAN SUMAC Evergreen. Full sun. Medium to large, Cotinus coggygria purpureus Special thanks for reviewing the original text extended to the following UC Cooperative Extension Rhus lancea dense, vertical trees, 40-75 feet. Deciduous. Full sun. Unusual shrub- specialists: Evergreen. Full sun, little water. Slow Smooth green and tan bark. Small tree creating broad, urn-shaped mass Dr. Victor Gibeault growing to 25 feet. Open spreading usually as wide as it is high, Dennis Pittenger white flowers April-June. Strong and J.L. Meyer habit, graceful weeping outer branches. hardy. Good shade, windbreak of eventually to 25 feet. Dramatic puffs of purple to lavender “smoke” come 31 privacy screen. Primary photography: Douglas McCulloh 32 HIGH DESERT LANDSCAPE

Participating Agencies: Apple Valley Heights County Water District Mojave Water Agency City of Victorville 9430 Cerra Vista PO Box 1089 Public Works Department Apple Valley, CA 92308 22450 Headquarters Drive PO 5001 760-247-7330 Apple Valley, CA 92307 14343 Civic Drive 760-240-9201 Victorville, CA 92393-5001 Apple Valley Ranchos Water Company 760-955-5204 21760 Ottawa Road County of San Bernardino Apple Valley, CA 92308 Special Districts Department Victor Valley Wastewater Reclamation 760-247-6484 Water & Sanitation Division Authority 12402 Industrial Blvd., Bldg. D, Suite 6 20111 Shay Road Victorville, CA 92392 Victorville, CA 92394-8539 Baldy Mesa Water District 760-955-9885 760-246-8638 10313 Duncan Road 800-554-0565 Victorville, CA 92392 Victor Valley Water District 760-947-0332 Southern California Water Company 17185 Yuma Street 13608 Hitt Road Victorville, CA 92392-5887 City of Adelanto Apple Valley, CA 92308 760-245-6424 Department of Water 760-247-3391 11600 Air Base Road 800-999-4033 Adelanto, CA 92301 760-246-2300 Southern California Water Company 1521 East Main Street City of Hesperia Water Department Barstow, CA 92311 Department of Water 760-256-2275 15776 Main Street 800-999-4033 Hesperia, CA 92345 760-947-1840