Shetland in Statistics 2014
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Shetland in Statistics 2014 Printed by THE SHETLAND TIMES LTD., Gremista, Lerwick. Telephone 01595 742000. No.41 £4.00 SHETLAND in STATISTICS Published by Shetland Islands Council, Economic Development Service, Development Services Department, Solarhus, 3 North Ness Business Park, Lerwick, Shetland, ZE1 0LZ © 2014 Economic Development Unit, Shetland Islands Council 41st Edition Printed by The Shetland Times, Gremista, Lerwick ISBN 978 0 905924 71 7 Whilst every care is taken in the production of this publication, neither the publisher nor the printer can accept any responsibility for any errors or omissions therein. Cover photograph: Kelp at low tide on Whalsay Photo: Jon Dunn 1 Contents Physical: Location . 3 Physical Characteristics . 4 Weather . 5-8 Population . 9-11 Economy: Economy and Industry . 11 Employment . 12-14 Fish Catching . 15-18 Fish Processing . 19 Finfish Aquaculture . 20 Agriculture . 21-22 Tourism . 23 Oil . 24-26 Transport: Internal Transport . 27-29 Inter Island Ferries . 27 Overland Transport . 29 Vehicle Ownership . 29 External Ferries . 30 Lerwick Harbour . 31-32 Scalloway Harbour . 32 Air Services . 33-34 Education and Services: Education & Training . 35-37 Social Care Provision . 37 Health . 38 Housing & Property . 39 Leisure Facilities . 40-41 Crime . 42 Fire Service . 43 Energy . 44 Renewable Energy . 44 Water and Wastewater Services . 45 Conservation: Built Heritage . 46 Nature Conservation . 47-48 Politics and Local Community Councils . 49 Government: Electoral Statistics . 50 Shetland Islands Council Members . 51-52 Shetland Islands Council Departments . 53 Shetland Islands Council Finance . 54 Rating and Valuation . 55 Culture and Media . 56 Shetland Interest Publications . 56-59 2 3 4 Weather Observations are recorded in Shetland by staff employed by the Meteorological Office in Lerwick. There are also official Auxiliary Synoptic Reporting Stations in Fair Isle and Foula. Observations from the Lerwick Observatory began in 1921, although the first full year of recordings was not until 1922 . (Lerwick Observatory: 60°08’N, 01°11’W . Wind vane 93m above sea level) . The recorded meteorological observations from Lerwick Observatory for 2014 are as follows: Temperature (˚C) Lerwick 2014 Average Daily Mean (1931-2014) Extreme Daily Values Max Min Max Min Max Min Jan 6 .4 3 .2 5 .4 1 .4 12 .8 (’47) -8 .9 (’59) Feb 6 .7 3 .2 5 .3 1 .1 11 .7 (’45) -7 .4 (’10) Mar 8 .0 3 .8 6 .3 1 .9 13 .3 (’61) -8 .3 (’47) Apr 9.0 5.0 8.0 3.0 16.1 (’42) -5.7 (’68) May 10 .8 6 .6 10 .3 5 .2 20 .7 (’92) -2 .2 (’79) Jun 13 .3 9 .4 12 .6 7 .6 23 .3 (’58) -0 .6 (’51) Jul 15 .6 11 .1 14 .2 9 .6 23 .4 (’91) 3 .5 (’65) Aug 15.0 10.6 14.4 9.9 22.1 (’97) 2.8 (’43) Sep 13 .7 10 .2 12 .7 8 .4 19 .4 (’53) -0 .6 (’54) Oct 11 .4 7 .6 10 .3 6 .3 17 .2 (’55) -3 .3 (’48) Nov 9 .4 6 .8 7 .7 3 .7 13 .9 (’46) -5 .7 (’32) Dec 7 .0 2 .2 6 .2 2 .1 12 .3 (’07) -8 .2 (’61) Temperature Temp °C 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 2014 6 Max . 4 2014 2 Min . 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2012 5 Sunshine and Rainfall (Monthly Totals) Sunshine (hours) Rainfall (millimetres) Mean Highest Total Mean Wettest Day 2014 (1931-2014) (1931-2012) 2014 (1931-2014) (1922-2010) Jan 11 .7 24 .7 44 .6 (’97) 189 .2 127 .9 36 .9 (’49) Feb 41 .3 52 .9 92 .4 (’86) 123 .8 99 .9 36 .7 (’89) Mar 96 .3 89 .9 135 .7 (’31) 89 .0 96 .8 39 .7 (’52) Apr 103.2 132.5 194.1 (’66) 65.0 70.0 31.2 (’79) May 119 .0 164 .8 271 .5 (’48) 60 .6 57 .0 49 .8 (’66) Jun 68 .0 150 .8 239 .8 (’09) 27 .2 58 .9 36 .5 (’81) Jul 99 .6 122 .4 228 .0 (’47) 36 .6 66 .4 35 .0 (’46) Aug 170.0 122.1 228.5 (’38) 184.2 79.3 63.6 (’04) Sep 60 .0 98 .9 152 .1 (’87) 114 .8 103 .9 47 .6 (’54) Oct 69 .4 65 .8 109 .3 (’39) 182 .4 122 .9 58 .5 (’81) Nov 39 .3 33 .5 59 .2 (’00) 116 .4 134 .1 66 .0 (’49) Dec 13 .2 15 .5 40 .9 (’96) 159 .2 135 .9 67 .8 (’95) Sunshine and Rainfall Sunshine 260 Rainfall 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 Sunshine (hours) / Rainfall (millimetres) 40 20 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2012 6 Wind Speed (Knots) Monthly Average Highest Gust Mean Monthly Mean Extreme Values 2012 1930-2010 2012 Speed Year Jan 16 .5 17 .7 60 95 1992 Feb 18 .1 16 .5 59 80 1981 Mar 17 .7 16 .2 57 74 1992 Apr 14.1 13.8 42 66 1992 May – 12 .3 – 65 1982 Jun 13 .1 11 .6 39 75 2000 Jul 13 .0 11 .0 43 56 1988 Aug 10.9 11.1 45 68 2005 Sep 16 .5 13 .6 61 84 1978 Oct 13 .3 15 .2 43 90 1980 Nov 14 .1 16 .1 46 78 2005 Dec 17 .2 16 .7 66 84 1988 Most recent data available Wind speed (knots) 90 Monthly mean 80 Average monthly mean 70 Highest gust 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2012 7 Ozone Lerwick is one of only two stations in the UK where measurements of ozone are made, the other being Camborne in Cornwall. These stations are part of the Met Office’s UK Upper Air Observing Network . Ground based Dobson Spectrophotometers are used daily to measure total ozone, the largest part of which exists in the stratospheric ozone layer (at a height of 8-30 km). At Lerwick ozone concentration profiles are also measured using balloon borne ozonesondes. Total ozone levels are at their peak in the late winter and early spring . However, it is also at this time when man-made substances can lead to enhanced ozone depletion in the stratosphere . It is difficult to quantify these losses precisely since levels vary naturally by large amounts. Stratospheric ozone acts as a shield by absorbing potentially harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation which would otherwise reach the earth’s surface . (It should not be confused with tropospheric ozone . Part of this is a pollutant formed in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) by the action of sunlight on other compounds such as those from car exhausts .) High quality measurements over the last 20 years suggest a long term rate of decrease in total ozone over the northern hemisphere of between 5-6% per decade during spring . Ozone Values (Dobson Units) Lowest Daily Highest Daily Monthly Mean Value Value 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Jan 316 381 345 243 320 280 362 406 395 Feb 322 350 404 224 290 340 396 430 449 Mar 336 387 365 274 312 270 438 447 491 Apr 391 416 387 339 292 320 438 496 455 May 374 387 375 315 342 327 452 481 430 Jun 361 367 349 325 328 323 403 394 383 Jul 326 340 336 317 310 299 366 370 372 Aug 323 329 345 291 285 287 361 361 395 Sep 295 288 293 263 242 243 335 341 332 Oct 283 272 291 225 218 235 346 325 341 Nov 300 316 286 266 270 261 351 369 307 Dec* – – – – – – – – – * December values are not available due to low elevation of the sun in mid-winter . Source: Department of the Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA). 8 Population After decades of decline the population of Shetland, which had fallen to nearly 17,000 in the mid- 1960s, rose by 31% between 1971 and 1981 as a direct result of oil related activity . In the early 1980s the population fell due to out migration after the end of oil construction activity and difficulties at Sumburgh Airport. In the latter half of the 1980s and the early 1990s the population level became fairly stable . Based on recent population estimates, and the 2011 census, the population continues to be relatively stable . Population Breakdown by Age and Sex Age 1971 1981 2001 2011 2013 group Total Total M F Total M F Total M F Total 0-4 1,390 1,778 669 659 1,328 741 648 1,389 737 641 1,378 5-9 1,395 1,782 813 721 1,534 712 614 1,326 698 634 1,332 10-14 1,215 1,872 820 822 1,642 711 739 1,450 691 665 1,365 15-19 1,135 1,753 700 605 1,305 792 659 1,451 740 689 1,429 20-24 1,125 1,677 645 546 1,191 671 624 1,295 658 608 1,266 25-29 1,095 1,858 695 656 1,351 653 600 1,253 684 645 1,329 30-34 975 1,926 792 778 1,570 707 696 1,403 702 655 1,357 35-39 950 1,639 883 843 1,726 782 751 1,533 723 704 1,427 40-44 920 1,283 802 772 1,574 836 834 1,670 815 811 1,626 45-49 1,080 1,089 862 767 1,629 952 889 1,841 914 871 1,785 50-54 900 1,023 888 737 1,625 833 796 1,629 885 820 1,705 55-59 1,085 1,058 715 660 1,375 824 769 1,593 804 806 1,610 60-64 1,100 873 537 516 1,053 842 715 1,557 785 712 1,497 65-69 1,020 953 420 448 868 601 629 1,230 710 619 1,329 70-74 795 883 335 406 741 450 463 913 520 540 1,060 75-79 560 650 260 407 667 304 383 687 352 407 759 80-84 365 416 139 277 416 204 287 491 209 278 487 85 + 220 255 85-89 78 188 266 102 194 296 109 204 313 90 + 18 109 127 44 116 160 36 119 155 Total 17,325 22,768 11,071 10,917 21,988 11,761 11,406 23,167 11,772 11,428 23,200 Sources: 1971-2011 figures from Population Census.