Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist

Volume 7 8th California Islands Symposium Article 13

8-26-2014 annularis (, Lecanorales), a new from the Channel Islands and the central California coast. Kerry Knudsen Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, [email protected]

James C. Lendemer Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY

Jana Kocourková Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/mwnan

Recommended Citation Knudsen, Kerry; Lendemer, James C.; and Kocourková, Jana (2014) "Lecanora annularis (Lecanoraceae, Lecanorales), a new lichen species from the Channel Islands and the central California coast.," Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist: Vol. 7 , Article 13. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/mwnan/vol7/iss1/13

This Monograph is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist 7, © 2014, pp. 221–224

LECANORA ANNULARIS (LECANORACEAE, LECANORALES), A NEW LICHEN SPECIES FROM THE CHANNEL ISLANDS AND THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST

Kerry Knudsen1,3, James C. Lendemer2, and Jana Kocourková1

ABSTRACT.—Lecanora annularis, n. sp., is described from collections from Santa Cruz Island and Santa Barbara Island in Channel Islands National Park and from San Simeon and Point Lobos on the central California coast. The crystal- inspersed parathecium, egranulose epihymenium, and maritime habit distinguish L. annularis from all other members of the L. dispersa group. It occurs on sandstone and decaying basalt.

RESUMEN.—Existen descripciones de Lecanora annularis, n. sp., en colecciones de la Isla Santa Cruz y la Isla Santa Bárbara del Parque Nacional de las Islas del Canal, y de San Simeón y Punta Lobos en la costa central de California. El paratecio esparcido con cristales, el epihimenio sin gránulos, y el hábitat marino distinguen a L. annularis de todos los demás miembros del grupo L. dispersa. Se encuentra sobre basalto desmoronado y arenisca.

Over 500 species of lichen occur on the flexuous when mature, [0.4]-0.5-0.7-1.0-[1.3] Channel Islands of California, all of which are mm (n = 40) in diameter; disc plane and be- considered native (Knudsen and Kocourková coming concave, smooth, dark purple-brown, 2012). This diversity accounts for approxi- not too weakly pruinose; margin initially level, mately one-third of the reported from becoming prominent and strongly raised, then the state (Tucker and Ryan 2006, Knudsen and again +/– level when the disc expands at Kocourková 2012). A preliminary list from maturity, distinctly bicolored with the rim Channel Islands National Park documented densely white pruinose and the sides epru- 103 species of lichen and lichenicolous fungi inose dark to light brown, rim often with nu - endemic to the California coastal region, from merous radial fissures especially when young. Point Reyes to Baja Sur and on the adjoining Amphithecium 100–200 mm thick, corticate, islands (Knudsen and Kocourková 2012). In with algae densely filling the area below the this paper, we describe the new regional cortex and extending approximately three- endemic Lecanora annularis, which occurs on quarters of the way up the hymenium; cortex Santa Cruz Island and Santa Barbara Island strongly delimited, often distinctly thicker and along the central coast at San Simeon in (65–90 mm laterally) at the base, bilayered San Luis Obispo County and Point Lobos in with a distinct gelatinous sheath (10–20 mm Monterey County. thick) covering an inner layer of prosoplec - tenchymatic anticlinally arranged chrondroid Lecanora annularis Lendemer & hyphae (40–60 mm thick) in which the termi- K. Knudsen, sp. nov. nal cell is capped with blue-brown pigment Mycobank No. MB808592 (K–, N–), granules (Pol+, K-insoluble, N-solu- (Fig. 1) ble) present only in the apical portion of the Thallus crustose, thin, discontinuous, endo- cortex where they completely obscure the substratal, and chasmolithic, rarely forming hyphae; parathecium +/– distinct, 10–15 mm irregular inconspicuous areoles prior to thick, prosoplectenchymatous, densely in - apothecial initiation, pale brown to whitish. spersed with granules (Pol+, K-soluble, N- Apothecia occurring singly, sessile to slightly insoluble) throughout, appearing as a thin and constricted at the base, concave and cupuli- complete Pol+ layer between the hyme- form, often becoming +/– plane and weakly nium/hypothecium and the algal layer of

1Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6 – Suchdol, CZ–165 21, Czech Republic. 2Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 14058–5126. 3E-mail: [email protected]

221 222 MONOGRAPHS OF THE WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST [Volume 7

Fig. 1. Lecanora annularis (Knudsen 11518) and type locality: A–D, development of apothecia, white arrows point to immature apothecial initials (scale bar: A and B, 0.25 mm; C and D, 0.5 mm); E, asci (scale bar: 20 mm), micropho- tographs by J.C. Lendemer; F, the type locality, photographed by Jana Kocourková. amphithecium; epihymenium deeply pig- chymatic hyphae, not inspersed with granules mented brownish-red (K–, N+ more intense and only rarely inspersed with sparse oil drop - coloration); episamma absent; hymenium hya- lets. Paraphyses slender, simple, expanded, line, densely inspersed with oil droplets in the thick, and adglutinated, apically pigmented, material studied, 60–80 mm tall; subhymenium indistinct; hypothecium hyaline, 30–45 mm free in K. Asci clavate, 8-spored, Lecanora- thick, composed of adglutinated prosoplecten - type; ascospores hyaline, simple, ellipsoid to 2014] NEW LICHEN SPECIES 223 broadly ellipsoid, [9.6]-10.7-11.9-13.1-[14.4] × habit. The lack of both an episamma and gran- [3.7]-4.9-5.5-6.2-[6.6] mm and l/b ratio [1.6]- ules in the epihymenium, combined with the 1.8-2.0-2.4-[2.9] (n = 58). Conidiomata not aforementioned features, is an additional char- seen. No secondary metabolites detected with acter distinguishing L. annularis from other thin-layer chromatography. Spot tests: K–, C–, members of the L. dispersa group. KC–, P–, UV–. In the L. dispersa group, L. crenulata is most similar to L. annularis. Both species have Type Material a prosoplectenchymatous parathecium. HOLOTYPE.—California: Santa Barbara Co., Lecanora crenulata has crystals in the upper Channel Islands National Park, Santa Cruz 20 mm of the parathecium but not throughout Island, drainage above Potato Harbor, on de- the para thecium like L. annularis. Lecanora caying basalt boulder, 73 m, 2012, K. Knudsen crenulata also differs from L. annularis in hav- 14882.1 & J. Kocourková (NY; UCR, isotype). ing coarse epihymenial granules, a pruinose PARATYPES.—California: Monterey Co., Point disc, and a crenulate white apothecial margin. Lobos State Reserve, on sandstone, 8 m, 2009, Lecanora crenulata occurs on calcareous sub- K. Knudsen 11518 & J. Kocourková (NY, UCR, strates, es pecially limestone, throughout UGDA). San Luis Obispo Co., San Simeon North America (Śliwa 2007). Lecanora crenu- State Park, on sandstone boulder, 5 mm, 2010, lata is usually collected on caliche in Channel K. Knudsen 12189 (NY, UCR, UPS). Santa Islands Na tional Park and never in areas Barbara Co., Channel Islands National Park, exposed to salt spray. Lecanora annularis is Santa Barbara Island, west slope of Signal Peak, recorded only from sandstone and volcanic on scattered decaying basalt rocks, 180 m, rock. It can tolerate salt spray. 2013, K. Knudsen 16172 (UCR). Lecanora annularis is currently known from the northern portion of the coastal California Etymology lichen region (Knudsen and Kocourková 2012), The name refers to the distinct white ring occurring on Santa Barbara Island and Santa of thick pruina that forms on the margin of the Cruz Island, as well as along the central coast apothecia, which is conspicuous in contrast to in San Simeon and on Point Lobos. At the type the epruinose dark purple-brown disc and locality, L. annularis occurs at 73 m, and is brown cortical surface of the amphithecium. near the border of the Potato Harbor forma- This feature is present during all 3 stages of tion, an uplifted Pleistocene dune (Muhs et al. the development of the margin (level with 2009). We did not collect L. annularis on the disc, becoming raised above it, and then level calcareous Potato Harbor formation. It occurs again as disc expands) and is a good character at 180 m on Signal Peak on Santa Barbara for identifying specimens in the field. Island on volcanic rock but not on nearby exposed caliche (where we collected L. crenu- Diagnosis lata). At San Simeon and Point Lobos, L. an - Similar to Lecanora crenulata Hook., dif- nularis occurs in the upper littoral zone from 2 fering in having a parathecium completely to 8 m where it is exposed to salt spray and inspersed with crystals and an egranulose epi- inundations in storms. At all 4 sites, L. annu- hymenium. laris occurred on noncalcareous rock, either sandstone or volcanic rock. All populations DISCUSSION were small and intermixed with other saxi- colous lichens common in coastal California. Based on the thin to endolithic thallus, the lack of secondary metabolites, and the white ACKNOWLEDGMENTS pruinose margin of the apothecia, Lecanora annularis is treated as a member of the L. dis- We thank our reviewers. The work of Kerry persa group. Following the revision of this Knudsen was supported financially by the group of 19 species in North America by Śliwa grant “Environmental Aspects of Sustainable (2007), L. annularis is unique in this group in Development of Society” 42900/1312/3166 having a parathecium that is densely inspersed from the Faculty of Environmental Sciences, throughout with granules (Pol+ and soluble in Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. K but not in N) and in having a maritime Additional support was from Channel Islands 224 MONOGRAPHS OF THE WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST [Volume 7

National Park and San Simeon State Park. lichenum 11:145–302. The work of Jana Kocourková was supported MUHS, D., G. SKIPP, R.R. SCHUMANN, D.L. JOHNSON, J.P. MCGEEHIN, J. BEANN, J. FREEMAN, T.A. PEARCE, AND financially by the grant “Environmental As - M.A. ROWLAND. 2009. The origin and paleoclimatic pects of Sustainable Development of Society” significance of carbonate sand dunes deposited on 42900/1312/3166 from the Faculty of Environ- the Channel Islands during the last glacial period. mental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sci- Pages 3–14 in C.C. Damiani and D.K. Garcelon, edi- ences Prague. We thank Kevin Fleming of the tors, Proceedings of the 7th California Island Sym- posium. Institute for Wildlife Studies, Arcata, CA. California Department of Parks and Recrea - ŚLIWA, L. 2007. A revision of the Lecanora dispersa com- tion for supplying us with statewide permits plex in North America. Polish Botanical Journal for work at San Simeon State Park and Point 52:1–70. Lobos State Reserve. TUCKER, S.C., AND B.D. RYAN. 2006. Constancea 84: revised catalog of lichens, lichenicoles, and allied fungi in California. Available from: http://ucjeps LITERATURE CITED .berkeley.edu/constancea/84/

KNUDSEN, K., AND J. KOCOURKOVÁ. 2012. The annotated Received 7 April 2013 checklist of lichens, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Accepted 22 April 2014 Channel Islands National Park. Opuscula Philo - Early online 26 August 2014