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What’s A ?

Your Guide to History

Distributed by: Distributed by: Indiana House Republicans www.IndianaHouseRepublicans.com www.IndianaHouseRepublicans.com 1-800-382-9841 Table of Contents

3 Indiana Facts 4 Native American Heritage 5 Early and Statehood 7 Agriculture and the Hoosier Economy 8 Hoosier Contributions

9 Famous Hoosiers 10 History Scramble 11 Indiana History Quiz 12 Indiana History Quiz Continued 13 Answers to Quizzes

Information for this booklet made possible from: www.indianahistory.org, IN.gov and Indiana: The World Around Us MacMillian/McGraw - Hill, 1991 Indiana Facts

STATE FLAG STATE SEAL POPULATION

The star above the torch The State Seal depicts a Indiana is the 15th stands for Indiana, which pioneer scene portraying largest state. According was the 19th state to how the early of to the 2010 U.S. join the Union. The state Indiana overcame the Census, 6,483,802 colors are and . wilderness. The seal has Hoosiers live here. been in use since 1801,

adopted until 1963. but it was not officially

STATE BIRD STATE CAPITAL STATE FLOWER

In 1933, the The capital of Indiana From 1931 to 1957, was is . The the zinnia was the selected as the state Statehouse is located bird by the Indiana in Indianapolis. In 1957, the Indiana Assembly. stateGeneral flower Assembly of Indiana. Indiana capital from adopted the as Corydon1813 wasto 1825. the first

the state flower. 3 Our Native American Heritage

Indiana means “the land of the Indians.” Early Native Americans lived like nomads. A nomad is a person who moves from place to place in search of food. Native Americans made spears from stone tips. They used these spears to hunt large animals, like the mammoth. Native Americans later learned to hunt faster animals with bow and arrows. Native Americans also found food

Eventually,by fishing and the gatheringNative Americans plants. stopped moving from place to place and settled down to become farmers. They grew plants like corn, beans, squash and tobacco. Because the Native Americans began to stay in one place, villages and towns were formed.

Many different Native American groups lived in Indiana. These groups included the , , Wyandotte, Piankaska, and .

The Miami were one of the most important Native American tribes. They lived between the Wabash and White rivers, and often used canoes to travel down the river. This river route Miami Chief provided a way for people to trade who lived far away from each other.

The Miami grew , melons, beans and most importantly, corn. They found that corn was easy to grow because of the long, hot summers and the fertile soil, near the rivers. Today, farmers in Indiana are still growing thousands of acres of corn in the each year.

Kekionga was the most important Miami village. was located in north-central Indiana between the Wabash and Maumee rivers. It was near an important portage, or a path to cross land, where people can carry boats and goods from one body of water to another. This portage was important because the Miami used the rivers for trade and travel. Kekionga was located where is today.

The Native Americans were also builders of . Mounds are large piles of earth. Archaeologists believe the mounds were used as places to worship and as homes for their chiefs. in Anderson and State Historic Site near Evansville offer a glimpse into the Native Americans’ past.

4 Early Hoosiers and Statehood

explorers was Robert La Salle. He discovered a route from the to the , whichThe first helped people French to arrive fur in traders Indiana move from Europeto Indiana were and French open fur trading traders. posts. One ofThe ’s French most befriended famous the Native Americans who were living in Indiana and began trading goods for valuable furs to send to Europe.

The French often lived among the Native Americans and learned about their way of life. In turn, they taught the Native Americans the French way of life. Soon, the Native Americans began to depend on trade goods supplied by the French. the in 1717. It was named for the Indians, a part of the Miami Tribe. This fort is stillTo protect located the near fur present-day traders, the Lafayette. French built forts throughout the area. Fort was built on

Forts were also built near Vincennes and Kekionga, located near the Wabash River. The river became a major trade route for the French. In the 1750s, British fur traders moved into areas where the French were trading.

While most Native Americans preferred to trade with the French, some decided to trade with the British. This competition upset the French, and the countries went to war.

The Native Americans aligned themselves with the French and fought the British from 1754 to 1763. This was known as the . In Indiana, the British

to control the Wabash River and the . took control of and , which allowed them The war between the British and French ended with the signing of the . Now the British controlled the French forts, but the Native Americans did not like this change.

British settlers were using Indiana land for farming. Pontiac worked Pontiac, a Native American leader, decided to fight the British because the British. The Native Americans were successful in capturing Fort to unite all of the Native American tribes in Indiana to fight against

Native American Miami and Fort Ouiatenon from the British. leader Pontiac 5 Early Hoosiers and Statehood

However, once winter came along, the Native American warriors needed to move back to their villages and could not guard the forts from the British troops. Eventually, the British recaptured the forts and the Native Americans began to trade with the British.

The Native Americans agreed to trade with the British because the British guaranteed that they would not move west of the . However, the colonists did not like being told what to do by the British government, and they began to move into the frontier.

The confrontations between the colonists and the British government led to the , which lasted from 1776-1783.

When the American colonists won the Revolutionary War, America’s borders expanded all the way to the River. The American government called this new land the Northwest . This land the . was not officially recognized as individual states, but it did belong to During the , pioneers from the eastern states began to move into the new territory. Again, the Native Americans became concerned because the new settlers were taking over and farming their land. the American soldiers. After the , Chief Little TurtleMiami Chiefdecided Little that Turtle the Native organized Americans more than must 1,000 seek warriors peace with to fight the settlers. Chief Little Turtle and General signed the , . Indiana’s first

General Wayne promised to let the Native Americans live in the western part of the and to pay them for the land the Native Americans gave them. The pioneers were then allowed to live in the eastern part of the territory.

12 years. During this time, Indiana’s population continued to grow, and Indiana became the 19th stateWilliam on HenryDecember Harrison 11, 1816. was named the first governor of the , and he governed for

In 2016, Indiana celebrated 200 years of being a state.

6 Agriculture and the Hoosier Economy

Agriculture is a strong tradition in Indiana and contributes over $30 billion a year to the state’s economy. Agriculture is part of every aspect of our lives, regardless of where we live, by providing the basic essentials like food, clothing and shelter. Indiana’s Top Agriculture Products Source: IN.gov/isda

CORN HOGS DAIRY CHICKEN EGGS

Indiana is part of the Indiana ranks third Indiana’s 1,600 Indiana ranks third States and in the nation for largest producer dairy farms produce in the U.S. with more production. Indianaof pork isin the the fifth- U.S. more than 3.4 billion than 23 million egg corn producing Indiana farmers There are more gallons of milk each layers (chickens statesranks in fifth the amongU.S. In a produce nearly than 3,000 pork year. A cow produces that lay eggs). Eggs typical year, almost 10% of all soybeans farmers in Indiana. an average of 6.3 contain essential half of all cropland grown in the U.S. Soy Pig fat can be used gallons of milk daily protein, minerals in Indiana is planted ink is used to print in a variety of and 350,000 glasses and vitamins. Egg in corn. Corn is a newspapers and products, including of milk in a lifetime. yolks are one of major component weed killers, chalk, The average Indiana the few foods that in many food items of soybeans dairy herd has naturally contain like cereals, peanut textbooks.can produce One acre wax, crayons 84 cows. Vitamin D. There are butter, snacks and 82,368 crayons. cosmetics,and antifreeze. floor roughly 280 million soft drinks. egg laying birds in the U. S.

Indiana is also the second- biggest producer of in the country.

Brazil, Indiana, started oneOrville of the Redenbacher, largest popcorn from companies in America.

7 Hoosier Contributions

During the 1950s, the United States and the Soviet Union battled to see which country could reach wasspace aboard first. This the isUnited known States’ as the “Race to capsule, Space.” Gus which Grissom, he named born the in , Liberty Bell.is one Although of Indiana’s the most famous astronauts and the second American to travel into space. On July 21, 1961, Grissom

Dr.flight David took A. only Wolf, 15 a minutes, graduate it of was North an important Central High step School in American in Indianapolis, space travel. received his Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from in 1978. He then went on to receive a doctorate of medicine from in 1982. Wolf became a NASA astronaut who spent extended periods of time in space. In 1997, Wolf boarded the Russian space station, Mir, for a total of 119 days.

The Indianapolis Motor Speedway is the largest spectator sporting facility in the world, with more than 250,000 permanent seats. It hosts three major racing events each year: , 400 and the Grand Prix. The Indianapolis 500 and Brickyard 400 take place on the 2.5-mile oval, while the Grand Prix is on the 16-turn, 2.621-mile road course. The Indianapolis Motor Speedway celebrated 100 years of motorsports during the 2010-2011 racing season.

Although was invented in , the sport has become one of our state’s greatest traditions. Whether it is the high school state basketball tournament, the rivalry of Indiana universities or the professional teams — the and the — Hoosiers cheer for and follow all levels of basketball.

Hoosier Hysteria began in 1954 when the tiny school of Milan, total enrollment of 162 students, defeated Muncie Central High School. The game ended when Bobby Plump scored the dramatic game-winning shot. In addition, the movie “Hoosiers” captures what the sport means to so many of Indiana’s citizens with its story of a small school winning the Indiana Boys State Basketball Championship.

8 Famous Hoosiers

Actor , United States Senator David Letterman, Late night talk show host Inventors Dr.James David Dean, Wolf, Astronaut , Pharmaceutical Leader Orville and Wilbur Wright, , President Bill Blass, Fashion Designer William Henry Harrison, President Eugene V. Debs, Socialist Leader Vice Theodore Dreiser, Author President Labor Leader James Danforth “Dan”Civic Quayle, Leader , Actress James R. Hoffa, Indy Car Driver Wendell Wilkie, Presidential Candidate Madame C.J. Walker,Basketball Player Popcorn King John Andretti, Basketball Coach Clement Studebaker, Auto Manufacturer Orville Redenbacher, LarryOscar Bird,Robertson, Basketball Player Abolitionist KnuteJohn Wooden, Rockne, Football Coach , President , Ernie Pyle, Journalist , Suffragette Shelly Long, Actress , Diplomat and Author News Anchor Robert Wise, Movie Director , Comedian Kenneth “Babyface” Edmonds, Musician Jane Pauley, NASCAR Driver Vivica A. Fox, Actress Musician ColeJeff Gordon, Porter, Songwriter John Mellencamp,Musician Actress and Musician KurtMichael Vonnegut, Jackson, Author FlorenceJanet Jackson, Henderson, Actress Infamous Bank Robber Folk Hero WilmaJohn Dillinger, Rudolph, Olympic Gold Medalist, TrackJohnny and Appleseed, Field Gus Grissom, Astronaut Steve McQueen, Actor Poet Mark Spitz, Olympic Gold Medalist, SwimmingJames Whitcomb Riley, Ryan White, AIDS Activist , Creator of Garfield, Bob Griese, Football Quarterback Comic Strip Cat 9 History Scramble

Directions: Unscramble the following words. Hint: Each word has something to do with Indiana and can be found in this book..

1. neakeakk rvrie______

2. awtoamtoip ______

3. bklaeslatb ______

4. eortbr asealll ______

5. lmiaiwl ernhy rsrihano ______

6. traeg eklas ______

7. daaini ______

8. eihfc tilelt luettr ______

9. ealttyfae ______

10. rpncoop ______

11. dclianra ______

10 Indiana History Quiz

Directions: Circle the correct answer. Hint: All the answers can be found in this book.

1) Between what two rivers did the Miami Tribe live? 6) The Indianapolis Motor Speedway is the ______spectator sporting facility in the world. a) Amazon River & Nile Rive

c) Wabash River & b) Best d)b) MississippiColorado River River & &Kankakee River River c)a) SmallestOnly d) Largest 2) What is the major river located in ?

a) 7) Indiana was the ______state admitted into the Union. c) d)b) OhioColorado River River a) 12th b) 15th 3) What year is Indiana’s bicentennial? c) 19th d) 21st a) 2016 b) 2000 c) 1816 d) 1916

4) Indian Chief Little Turtle was Chief of what tribe?

a) Miami b) Apache c) Shawnee d) Sioux

5) Whoa) George was Indiana’s first Governor? b) Chief Little Turtle c) William Henry Harrison d) Anthony Wayne

11 Indiana History Quiz Continued

Directions: Write True or False next to each statement below. If the statement is false, provide the correct answer. Hint: All the answers can be found in this book.

1) Basketball was invented in Indiana.

2) The current state capital is located in Ft. Wayne.

3) One of Indiana’s major crops is corn. 4) David Letterman is from Indiana.

5) Jim Davis was the creator of the & Andy dolls.

6) The tulip is the official state flower. 7) The Indianapolis 500 is a famous basketball tournament.

8) Kekionga was located where Fort Wayne is today.

9) Gus Grissom was the first American man in space.

12 Answers

History Scramble Multiple Choice

1) Kankakee River 1) Wabash River & White River

2) Potawatomi

3) Basketball 3)2) 2016Ohio River

4) Robert LaSalle 4) Miami

5) William Henry Harrison 5) William Henry Harrison

6) Great Lakes 6) Largest

7) Indiana 7) 19th State

8) Chief Little Turtle

9) Lafayette

10) Popcorn

11) Cardinal True or False

1) False, Basketball was 6) False, Peony is the state invented in Massachusettes

2) False, Indianapolis 7)flower False, Indianapolis 500 is a famous automobile race 3) True 8) True 4) True 9) False, Gus Grissom was the second American in space

5) False, Garfield

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