Meteor Showers of Cometary Origin in the Solar System: Revised Predictions
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On the Origin and Evolution of the Material in 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
On the Origin and Evolution of the Material in 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko Martin Rubin, Cécile Engrand, Colin Snodgrass, Paul Weissman, Kathrin Altwegg, Henner Busemann, Alessandro Morbidelli, Michael Mumma To cite this version: Martin Rubin, Cécile Engrand, Colin Snodgrass, Paul Weissman, Kathrin Altwegg, et al.. On the Origin and Evolution of the Material in 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Space Sci.Rev., 2020, 216 (5), pp.102. 10.1007/s11214-020-00718-2. hal-02911974 HAL Id: hal-02911974 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02911974 Submitted on 9 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Space Sci Rev (2020) 216:102 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00718-2 On the Origin and Evolution of the Material in 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko Martin Rubin1 · Cécile Engrand2 · Colin Snodgrass3 · Paul Weissman4 · Kathrin Altwegg1 · Henner Busemann5 · Alessandro Morbidelli6 · Michael Mumma7 Received: 9 September 2019 / Accepted: 3 July 2020 / Published online: 30 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Primitive objects like comets hold important information on the material that formed our solar system. Several comets have been visited by spacecraft and many more have been observed through Earth- and space-based telescopes. -
The Comet's Tale, and Therefore the Object As a Whole Would the Section Director Nick James Highlighted Have a Low Surface Brightness
1 Diebold Schilling, Disaster in connection with two comets sighted in 1456, Lucerne Chronicle, 1513 (Wikimedia Commons) THE COMET’S TALE Comet Section – British Astronomical Association Journal – Number 38 2019 June britastro.org/comet Evolution of the comet C/2016 R2 (PANSTARRS) along a total of ten days on January 2018. Composition of pictures taken with a zoom lens from Teide Observatory in Canary Islands. J.J Chambó Bris 2 Table of Contents Contents Author Page 1 Director’s Welcome Nick James 3 Section Director 2 Melvyn Taylor’s Alex Pratt 6 Observations of Comet C/1995 01 (Hale-Bopp) 3 The Enigma of Neil Norman 9 Comet Encke 4 Setting up the David Swan 14 C*Hyperstar for Imaging Comets 5 Comet Software Owen Brazell 19 6 Pro-Am José Joaquín Chambó Bris 25 Astrophotography of Comets 7 Elizabeth Roemer: A Denis Buczynski 28 Consummate Comet Section Secretary Observer 8 Historical Cometary Amar A Sharma 37 Observations in India: Part 2 – Mughal Empire 16th and 17th Century 9 Dr Reginald Denis Buczynski 42 Waterfield and His Section Secretary Medals 10 Contacts 45 Picture Gallery Please note that copyright 46 of all images belongs with the Observer 3 1 From the Director – Nick James I hope you enjoy reading this issue of the We have had a couple of relatively bright Comet’s Tale. Many thanks to Janice but diffuse comets through the winter and McClean for editing this issue and to Denis there are plenty of images of Buczynski for soliciting contributions. 46P/Wirtanen and C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto) Thanks also to the section committee for in our archive. -
October 2017 BRAS Newsletter
October 2017 Issue Next Meeting: Monday, October 9th at 7PM at HRPO nd (2 Mondays, Highland Road Park Observatory) October Program: BRAS President John Nagle will. reveal how he researches and puts together his Observing Notes column for our newsletter each. month. What's In This Issue? HRPO’s Great American Eclipse Event Summary (Page 2) President’s Message Secretary's Summary Outreach Report - FAE Light Pollution Committee Report Recent Forum Entries 20/20 Vision Campaign Messages from the HRPO Spooky Spectrum Observe The Moon Night Natural Sky Conference HRPO 20th Anniversary Observing Notes – Phoenix & Mythology Like this newsletter? See past issues back to 2009 at http://brastro.org/newsletters.html Newsletter of the Baton Rouge Astronomical Society October 2017 President’s Message The first Sidewalk Astronomy of the season was a success. We had a good time, and About 100 people (adult and children) attended. Ben Toman live streamed on the BRAS Facebook page. See his description in this newsletter. A copy of the proposed, revised By-Laws should be in your mail soon. Read through them, and any proposed changes need to be communicated to me before the November meeting. Wally Pursell (who wrote the original and changed by-laws) and I worked last year on getting the By-Laws updated to the current BRAS policies, and we hope the revised By-Laws will need no revisions for a long time. We need more Globe at Night observations – we are behind in the observations compared to last year at this time. We also need observations of variable stars to help in a school project by a new BRAS member, Shreya. -
Comet Section Observing Guide
Comet Section Observing Guide 1 The British Astronomical Association Comet Section www.britastro.org/comet BAA Comet Section Observing Guide Front cover image: C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) by Geoffrey Johnstone on 1997 April 10. Back cover image: C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy) by Lester Barnes on 2011 December 23. © The British Astronomical Association 2018 2018 December (rev 4) 2 CONTENTS 1 Foreword .................................................................................................................................. 6 2 An introduction to comets ......................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Anatomy and origins ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.2 Naming .............................................................................................................................................. 12 2.3 Comet orbits ...................................................................................................................................... 13 2.4 Orbit evolution .................................................................................................................................... 15 2.5 Magnitudes ........................................................................................................................................ 18 3 Basic visual observation ........................................................................................................ -
Meteor Showers # 11.Pptx
20-05-31 Meteor Showers Adolf Vollmy Sources of Meteors • Comets • Asteroids • Reentering debris C/2019 Y4 Atlas Brett Hardy 1 20-05-31 Terminology • Meteoroid • Meteor • Meteorite • Fireball • Bolide • Sporadic • Meteor Shower • Meteor Storm Meteors in Our Atmosphere • Mesosphere • Atmospheric heating • Radiant • Zenithal Hourly Rate (ZHR) 2 20-05-31 Equipment Lounge chair Blanket or sleeping bag Hot beverage Bug repellant - ThermaCELL Camera & tripod Tracking Viewing Considerations • Preparation ! Locate constellation ! Take a nap and set alarm ! Practice photography • Location: dark & unobstructed • Time: midnight to dawn https://earthsky.org/astronomy- essentials/earthskys-meteor-shower- guide https://www.amsmeteors.org/meteor- showers/meteor-shower-calendar/ • Where to look: 50° up & 45-60° from radiant • Challenges: fatigue, cold, insects, Moon • Recording observations ! Sky map, pen, red light & clipboard ! Time, position & location ! Recording device & time piece • Binoculars Getty 3 20-05-31 Meteor Showers • 112 confirmed meteor showers • 695 awaiting confirmation • Naming Convention ! C/2019 Y4 (Atlas) ! (3200) Phaethon June Tau Herculids (m) Parent body: 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann Peak: June 2 – ZHR = 3 Slow moving – 15 km/s Moon: Waning Gibbous June Bootids (m) Parent body: 7p/Pons-Winnecke Peak: June 27– ZHR = variable Slow moving – 14 km/s Moon: Waxing Crescent Perseid by Brian Colville 4 20-05-31 July Delta Aquarids Parent body: 96P/Machholz Peak: July 28 – ZHR = 20 Intermediate moving – 41 km/s Moon: Waxing Gibbous Alpha -
Meteor Activity Outlook for April 17-23, 2021
Meteor Activity Outlook for April 17-23, 2021 Greg Johnson captured this fireball in the constellation of Cassiopeia on 12 March 2021 from Hansville, Washington, USA. During this period the moon reaches its first quarter phase on Tuesday April 20th. On this date the moon is located 90 degrees east of the sun and sets near 03:00 local daylight saving time (LDST). As the week progresses the waxing gibbous moon will encroach into the late morning sky, limiting the opportunity to view under dark skies. The estimated total hourly meteor rates for evening observers this week is near 2 as seen from mid-northern latitudes (45N) and 3 as seen from tropical southern locations (25S). For morning observers, the estimated total hourly rates should be near 7 as seen from mid-northern latitudes (45N) and 11 as seen from tropical southern locations (25S). The actual rates will also depend on factors such as personal light and motion perception, local weather conditions, alertness, and experience in watching meteor activity. Evening rates are reduced during this period due to moonlight. Note that the hourly rates listed below are estimates as viewed from dark sky sites away from urban light sources. Observers viewing from urban areas will see less activity as only the brighter meteors will be visible from such locations. The radiant (the area of the sky where meteors appear to shoot from) positions and rates listed below are exact for Saturday night/Sunday morning April 17/18. These positions do not change greatly day to day so the listed coordinates may be used during this entire period. -
Gaspard Duchêne Full Publication List
Gaspard Duch^ene Full Publication List Department of Astronomy Tel: +1 510 642 5275 501 Campbell Hall { UC Berkeley Fax: +1 510 467 2674 Berkeley CA 94720-3411 USA [email protected] REFEREED PUBLICATIONS 1) Using polarimetry to check rotation alignement in PMS binary stars. Principles of the method and first results, Monin, M´enard & Duch^ene, 1998, A&A, 339, 113 2) Binary fraction in low-mass star-forming regions: a reexamination of the possible excesses and implications, Duch^ene, 1999, A&A, 341, 547 3) Low-mass binaries in the young cluster IC 348: implications for binary formation and evolution, Duch^ene, Bouvier & Simon, 1999, A&A, 343, 831 4) Accretion in Taurus PMS binaries: a spectroscopic study, Duch^ene, Monin, Bouvier & M´enard, 1999, A&A, 351, 954 5) Near-infrared polarimetry of the GG Tau circumbinary ring, Silber, Gledhill, Duch^ene & M´enard, 2000, ApJL, 536, L89 6) The formation and evolution of binary systems. III. Low-mass binaries in the Praesepe cluster, Bouvier, Duch^ene, Mermilliod & Simon, 2001, A&A, 375, 989 7) Visual binaries among high-mass stars { An adaptive optics survey of OB stars in the NGC 6611 cluster, Duch^ene, Simon, Eisloffel & Bouvier, 2001, A&A, 379, 147 8) Resolved near-Infrared spectroscopy of the mysterious pre-main sequence binary system T Tau S, Duch^ene, Ghez & McCabe, 2002, ApJ, 568, 771 9) NICMOS images of the GG Tau circumbinary disk, McCabe, Duch^ene & Ghez, 2002, ApJ, 575, 974 10) Polarization in the young cluster NGC 6611: circumstellar interstellar or ... both ?, Bastien, M´enard,Corporon, -
Lesson Details.Pdf
Voyager & Ozobot: Teaming Up to Study Kepler’s Law of Equal Areas By Richard Born Associate Professor Emeritus Northern Illinois University In the early 1600’s Johannes Kepler discovered three empirical laws regarding the motion of planets “around” the sun. The second law, known as the Law of Equal Areas , states that a line connecting any planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times. Although there are a number of Web-based screen animations illustrating Kepler’s Law of Equal Areas, there are virtually no widespread physical demonstrations using actual hardware—at least not until Ozobot made the scene! Now with Voyager and Ozobot working together as a team , the motion can be visualized and studied quantitatively . There is no better way to experience Kepler’s Law of Areas first-hand than by observing an actual physical object move according to this law. See Figure 1 for a snapshot of the Voyager/Ozobot team as it travels around the ellipse collecting angular velocity data. A small piece of modeling clay keeps Voyager from falling off of Ozobot. A video captured from the PocketLab app entitled Kepler2ndLaw.mp4 accompanies this lesson—50 data points per second. Figure 1 A full page “Ozomap” that can be printed for actual use with Ozobot and Voyager appears on the last page of this document. The solid black oval is the ellipse representing the orbit of a planet, asteroid, comet, or meteoroid, in its orbit with the sun at one focus of the ellipse, as per Kepler’s first law, the Law of Orbits . -
Craters and Airbursts
Craters and Airbursts • Most asteroids and comets fragments explode in the air as fireballs or airbursts; only the largest ones make craters. • Evidence indicates that the YDB impact into the Canadian ice sheet made ice-walled craters that melted away long ago. • The YDB impact also possibly created rocky craters, most likely along the edge of the ice sheet in Canada or underwater in the oceans. • Our group is planning expeditions to search for impact evidence and hidden craters, for example to North Dakota, Montana, Quebec, and Nova Scotia. The following pages show what could happen during an impact NOTE: this website is a brief, non-technical introduction to the YDB impact hypothesis. For in-depth information, go to “Publications” to find links to detailed scientific papers. NAME OF SHOWER NAME OF SHOWER Alpha Aurigids Leo Minorids Meteor Showers Alpha Bootids Leonids Alpha Capricornids Librids Alpha Carinids Lyrids Comet impacts are common, Alpha Centaurids Monocerotids Alpha Crucids Mu Virginids but usually, they are harmless Alpha Cygnids Northern Delta Aquariids Alpha Hydrids Northern Iota Aquariids Alpha Monocerotids Northern Taurids Alpha Scorpiids October Arietids • Earth is hit by 109 meteor Aries-triangulids Omega Capricornids Arietids Omega Scorpiids showers every year (listed at Beta Corona Austrinids Omicron Centaurids right), averaging 2 collisions Chi Orionids Orionids Coma Berenicids Perseids with streams each week Delta Aurigids Phoenicids Delta Cancrids Pi Eridanids Delta Eridanids Pi Puppids • Oddly, most “meteor showers” -
Jopekkokhirova2021.Pdf
ИЗВЕСТИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК ТАДЖИКИСТАНА ОТДЕЛЕНИЕ ФИЗИКО-МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ, ХИМИЧЕСКИХ, ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ И ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ НАУК №2 (183), 2021 г. АСТРОНОМИЯ УДК 523.532 T.J.JOPEK, G.I.KOKHIROVA*, P.JENNISKENS**, D.JANCHES***, M.HAJDUKOVA*****, R.RUDAWSKA****** IAU METEOR DATA CENTER: THE SHOWER DATABASE Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, A. M. University, Poznan, Poland, **Institute of Astrophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, ***SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA, ****NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA, *****Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, ******ESA/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201, AZ Noordwijk, the Netherlands Поступила в редакцию 22.01.2021 г. The IAU Working Group on Meteor Shower Nomenclature was established in 2006 to regulate the nomenclature of meteor showers reported in the scientific literature. One year later the International Astronomical Union Meteor Data Center shower database was implemented (IAU MDC). The database does not contain all information about the meteor showers. Its purpose is to give each new meteoroid stream, published in the scientific literature, a unique name and codes. During the “Meteoroids 2019” conference held in Bratislava, the IAU Working Group on Meteor Shower Nomenclature established new rules for the introduction and removal of meteor showers from the MDC. In this paper, we present a concise description of the meteor shower database, its origin, and struc- ture and, in particular, the current requirements for the introduction of new data, and unknown as well as known meteor showers. Key words: meteoroid stream, meteor shower, IAU MDC shower database, meteor shower nomenclature rules, new meteor shower submission rules. -
Cometary Impactors on the TRAPPIST-1 Planets Can Destroy All Planetary Atmospheres and Rebuild Secondary Atmospheres on Planets F, G, and H
MNRAS 479, 2649–2672 (2018) doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1677 Advance Access publication 2018 June 26 Cometary impactors on the TRAPPIST-1 planets can destroy all planetary atmospheres and rebuild secondary atmospheres on planets f, g, and h Quentin Kral,1‹ Mark C. Wyatt,1 Amaury H. M. J. Triaud,1,2 Sebastian Marino,1 Philippe Thebault´ 3 and Oliver Shorttle1,4 1Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK 2School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK 3LESIA-Observatoire de Paris, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Paris-Diderot, France 4Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK Accepted 2018 June 19. Received 2018 June 13; in original form 2018 February 14 ABSTRACT The TRAPPIST-1 system is unique in that it has a chain of seven terrestrial Earth-like planets located close to or in its habitable zone. In this paper, we study the effect of potential cometary impacts on the TRAPPIST-1 planets and how they would affect the primordial atmospheres of these planets. We consider both atmospheric mass loss and volatile delivery with a view to assessing whether any sort of life has a chance to develop. We ran N-body simulations to investigate the orbital evolution of potential impacting comets, to determine which planets are more likely to be impacted and the distributions of impact velocities. We consider three scenarios that could potentially throw comets into the inner region (i.e. within 0.1 au where the seven planets are located) from an (as yet undetected) outer belt similar to the Kuiper belt or an Oort cloud: planet scattering, the Kozai–Lidov mechanism, and Galactic tides. -
1920AJ. G R? Q 35P ASTEOSOMICAL JOÜENAI FOUNDED by B. A
g r? Q 35p H A F0RD c H Zl *m HAVE^FôRD, PA ASTEOSOMICAL JOÜENAI FOUNDED BY B. A. GOULD 1920AJ. No. 775 VOli. XXXIII ALBANY, N. Y., 1920, SEPTEMBER 15 NO. 7 ON THE ORIGIN OF PERIODIC COMETS, By HENRY NORRIS RUSSELL. It is well known that certain short period comets with a period less than half that of Jupiter should be have been diverted into their present orbits by close 126. Those with periods less than Jupiter's should encounters with Jupiter, previous to which their number 839: with periods less than twice Jupiter's periods were much longer than at present; and for 2670: and so on. this reason the numerous comets with periods between (c) Of the captured comets the majority will be five and nine years are often described as belonging to moving in direct orbits. Newton calculates that out Jupiter's “family.” It is also generally supposed that of the 839 comets with period less than Jupiter's 257 the comets of somewhat longer period belong, in the should have inclinations less than 30°, and only 51 same sense, to the “families” of Saturn, Uranus and inclinations exceeding 150°. Moreover, those with Neptune. Strong evidence against the real existence of direct motions are much more likely to have their Neptune's family has however been presented by H. C. periods still further shortened at a subsequent en- Wilson (1). counter than to have them lengthened, while the It is the purpose of the present discussion to examine reverse is the case for the comets with retrograde the validity of the common supposition as regards motion.