The Group Environment Report2012-13

1 His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum

Vice President and Prime Minister Of The And Ruler Of

We recognise that preserving our resources will be one of the greatest challenges in our drive towards sustainable development. This, however, will not materialise unless different facets of our society adopt energy conservation principles in their core values.

2 3 Contents

Emirates is one of the world’s fastest growing FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 6 airlines. Its main activity is the provision of commercial air transportation services. ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE 7

is one of the largest combined air services LETTER FROM THE CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE 8 providers in the world and the largest travel THE LEADERSHIP TEAM 10 management services company in the UAE. Its main activities are the provision of cargo and ground SCOPE OF THE REPORT 11 handling, catering, information technology and travel services. THE 12

Emirates and dnata are independent entities and OUR WORLD TODAY 14 do not form a group as defined by International Financial Reporting Standards. However, these CASE STUDY: EMIRATES WOLGAN VALLEY RESORT AND spa 16 entities are under common management. Therefore, in this document they are together referred to as CASE STUDY: MAIL REDUCTION 18 . FUEL 20

CASE STUDY: iFLEX 22

A NEW MEASURE OF INDUSTRY FUEL EFFICIENCY 24

CASE STUDY: AIRCRAFT INTERIORS RECYCLING 26

EMISSIONS 28

CASE STUDY: SAN Francisco FLY QUIET AWARD 32

ELECTRICITY, WATER & WASTE 34

CASE STUDY: STAFF ACCOMMODATION RECYCLING 36

EMIRATES GROUP RECYCLING 38

CASE STUDY: 40

GROUND OPERATIONS 42

CASE STUDY: Electric VEHICLEs 44

CASE STUDY: A GREENER TOMORROW 46

SETTING INDUSTRY TARGETS 48

THE EMIRATES AIRLINE FOUNDATION 49

CASE STUDY: DUBAI DESERT CONSERVATION RESERVe 50

CASE STUDY: EMVIRONMENT CHAMPS 52

PWC REASONABLE assurance REPORT 54

Three years of results 56

GLOSSARY AND REFERENCES 60

4 5 FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE

Emirates Group Emirates Airline – Environmental Data Financial Highlights 2012-13 2011-12 % change Metric 1 Unit 2012-13 6 2011-12 6 % change 6 Verified 2 Revenue and other operating income* AED m 77,536 66,149 17.2 Jet fuel consumption tonnes 7,125,216 6,145,434 15.9 P Operating profit AED m 3,654 2,597 40.7 Carbon dioxide (CO2) Emissions tonnes 22,444,429 19,358,116 15.9 P Fuel efficiency L/100PK 4.07 4.11 -0.97 P Operating margin % 4.7 3.9 0.8 pts L/FTK 0.207 0.224 -7.59 P Profit attributable to the Owner AED m 3,102 2,310 34.3 L/TK 0.3103 0.3112 -0.29 P Profit margin % 4.0 3.5 0.5 pts Fuel efficiency (OFEF) 3 TK/L 17.71 3 17.57 0.79 8 P3 Cash assets AED m 26,968 17,586 53.3 CO2 efficiency gCO2/PK 100.60 101.60 -0.98 P Total assets** AED m 102,188 84,127 21.5 gCO2/FTK 511.2 555 -7.89 P kgCO2/TK 0.767 0.770 -0.3 P Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions tonnes <3,000ft 9,194 7,863 16.9 Emirates Unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions tonnes <3,000ft 564 451 25 Financial Highlights 2012-13 2011-12 % change Aircraft compliant with ICAO CAEP/6 % 100 100 0.0 P Revenue and results emissions standards Revenue and other operating income AED m 73,113 62,287 17.4 Noise Efficiency Factor – Takeoff (NEF-T) dBkm2/TK 2.51 2.55 -1.5 Operating profit AED m 2,839 1,813 56.6 Noise Efficiency Factor – Landing (NEF-L) dBkm2/TK 0.69 0.71 -2.8 Operating margin % 3.9 2.9 1.0 pts Aircraft compliant with ICAO Chapter 4 noise standards % 100 100 0.0 P Fuel jettison events number 15 18 -16.6 Profit attributable to the Owner AED m 2,283 1,502 52.0 Fuel jettisoned tonnes 590 338 74.55 Profit margin % 3.1 2.4 0.7 pts Return on shareholder's funds % 10.4 7.2 3.2 pts Emirates Group – Total CO2 Emissions Financial position and cash flow CO2 from Flight Operations tonnes 22,444,429 19,358,116 15.9 P Total assets AED m 94,803 77,086 23.0 CO2 from Ground Operations tonnes 1,116,353 1,004,629 11.1

Cash assets AED m 24,572 15,587 57.6 Total Group CO2 Emissions tonnes 23,560,782 20,362,743 15.7 Airline operating statistics Passengers carried number ‘000 39,391 33,981 15.9 Emirates Group – Ground Operations Environmental Data Cargo carried tonnes ‘000 2,086 1,796 16.1 Metric 1 Unit 2012-13 6 2011-12 6 % change 6 Passenger seat factor % 79.7 80.0 (0.3) pts Electricity consumption 7 MWh 1,040,176.92 970,981 7.1 Overall capacity ATKM million 40,934 35,467 15.4 Associated CO2 emissions 7 tonnes of CO2 728,124 681,404 6.8

Available seat kilometres ASKM million 236,645 200,687 17.9 Electricity consumption per head of staff 4 kWh/head/day 51.44 51.5 -0.12

Aircraft number 197 169 16.6 Water consumption 7 ML 7,338.1 6,091 20.4

Associated CO2 emissions 5 tonnes of CO2 97,800 85,013 15.04

Water use per head of staff 4 litres/head/day 344 318 8.18 dnata Total waste 7 tonnes 168,236 148,981 12.9

Financial Highlights 2012-13 2011-12 % change Total waste per head of staff 4 kg/head/day 8.5 7.2 18 Revenue and results Recyclables collected 7 tonnes 10,697.52 7,364 45.3 Revenue and other operating income AED m 6,622 5,755 15.1 Operating profit AED m 815 784 4.0 Emirates Group – Ground Transportation Diesel consumption 7 litres 36,731,227 25,144,459 46.1 Operating margin % 12.3 13.6 (1.3) pts Petrol consumption 7 litres 10,468,623 9,531,863 9.8 Profit attributable to the Owner AED m 819 808 1.4 Total fuel consumption (ground) 7 litres 47,199,900 34,873,922 35.3 Profit margin % 12.4 14.0 (1.6) pts Fuel consumption per head of staff 4 litres/head/day 2.38 1.75 36 Return on shareholder's funds % 21.4 23.7 (2.3) pts Associated CO2 emissions 7 tonnes 122,191.7 89,229 0.005 Financial position Total assets AED m 7,571 7,119 6.3 1 For definitions of the metrics in these tables, please see The Emirates Group Environmental Report 2012-13 Cash assets AED m 2,396 1,999 19.9 reporting Guidelines and Methodology document, available on www.emirates.com/about/environment. 2 The metrics marked P are covered by PwC’s assurance procedures (see PwC assurance report on page 54-55). Key operating statistics 3 Verification of these metrics by PwC is new to this year’s report and supporting explanation can be found on page 20. Aircraft handled number 264,950 253,434 4.5 pwC has verified the 2012-13 OFEF metric only. 4 Cargo handled tonnes '000 1,570 1,543 1.7 Includes staff of Emirates, dnata and Emirates Flight Catering (EKFC) in Dubai (51,898). It excludes staff from the 29 Emirates airport lounges (ex Dubai), Alpha Flight Group Ltd, Emirates outstations and staff of Emirates and dnata Meals uplifted number '000 28,584 26,708 7.0 subsidiary companies. 5 For desalinated seawater only. 6 Percentages and ratios are derived from the full figure before rounding. 2011-12 figures have been re-classified to conform with the current year’s presentation. 7 Includes Emirates, dnata and Emirates Flight Catering (EKFC) in Dubai, Emirates Group’s 12 largest outstations by * After eliminating inter company income/expense of AED 2,199 million in 2012-13 (2011-12: AED 1,893 million). headcount, 29 Emirates airport lounges (ex Dubai) and Alpha Flight Group Ltd. ** After eliminating inter company receivables/payables of AED 186 million in 2012-13 (2011-12: AED 78 million). 8 Unlike usual metrics, the higher the OFEF value, the better the efficiency. Subsequently, a positive percentage change The financial year of the Emirates Group is from 1 April to 31 March. Throughout this report all figures are in UAE value reflect an improvement over time. Dirhams (AED) unless otherwise stated. The exchange rate of the Dirham to the US Dollar is fixed at 3.67.

6 7 HIS HIGHNESS SHEIKH AHMED BIN SAEED AL MAKTOUM CHAIRMAN & CHIEF EXECUTIVE EMIRATES AIRLINE & GROUP

The Emirates Group operates on six continents industry average for IATA member airlines. This with Emirates flying to 134 destinations and dnata young fleet also features newer, more efficient having a presence in 103 locations. With that technology and lighter materials. As a result, global reach comes the need for responsibility and Emirates flights are 16.6% more efficient in terms Emirates Group is continually striving to makes its of emissions per passenger-kilometre than the operations less impactful on the environment. industry average.

At Emirates Group, our environmentalism is Our efforts don’t just take part in the sky, on the guided by rigorous analysis. The Emirates airline ground too dnata, the Group’s air services division flight operations team constantly looks at ways to takes its environmental obligations seriously. For shorten flight times, from efficient flight planning example it is currently trialling the use of electric such as our flexible routing programme, iFlex, or vehicles in Dubai where is handles over 130 via constant dialogue with our two aircraft suppliers airlines’ ground operations. Airbus and Boeing to strip away unnecessary weight from the aircraft whilst maintaining the comfort Emirates will continue to work towards introducing levels which Emirates has become known for. new practices, technologies and materials to lessen our operations’ impact on the environment In 2012-13, Emirates carried 39.4 million whilst maintaining the level of service our passengers and was again ranked as the world’s customers demand. This is the Emirates Group’s largest international airline by capacity. This third Environment Report, I hope you find the inevitably comes with associated emissions. But latest results and projects reported here an all of our flight operations are conducted in an interesting read. environmentally responsible manner and we do not burn jet fuel unnecessarily.

When passengers travel with Emirates, however, they receive something else: some of the lowest associated emissions in the industry. Our average fleet age of just six years is five months younger than the year before as a result of our continuing investment in modern aircraft and nearly half the Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum

8 9 THE LEADERSHIP Scope TEAM of the Report

The Chairman & Chief Executive of Emirates Airline & Group is His Highness Sheikh Ahmed This report covers the Emirates Group’s financial reporting year (1 April 2012 to 31 bin Saeed Al Maktoum. Tim Clark is President of Emirates Airline. The President of Group March 2013). As of the end of this financial year, the Emirates Group operated in 77 Services and of dnata is Gary Chapman. Both presidents are supported by a senior countries, with nearly 68,000 staff. The scope of this year’s report was expanded to management team, who oversee the various business units of the Group. cover more of the Group’s operations.

A commitment to managed, responsible growth Central to this is our significant investments We addressed the environmental impacts of the Environmental impacts associated with the Environmental responsibility is a core value of in the most modern, efficient aircraft and following: following activities of the Emirates Group were the Emirates Group and underpins our vision of engine technology available, as well as ground • Emirates fleet operations (passenger and not included in this report: making the group a leader in the aviation and travel equipment. As you will see in the Emirates Group’s cargo, the latter flown under the Emirates • Emirates Leisure Retail (ELR) and Emirates sectors. We constantly strive to make sustainability third environmental report, the programmes and SkyCargo brand). consumer goods businesses in the UAE and and environmental efficiency, or “eco-efficiency”, a initiatives Emirates has put in place are delivering • dnata operations in Dubai (aircraft ground other countries. cornerstone of all Group operations, in the air and significant environmental dividends. handling, cargo and travel services). • Partly-owned Emirates companies in the UAE on the ground. • Emirates and dnata commercial buildings in and other countries. Dubai; including offices, training colleges, • Remaining outstations, the airline’s offices flight catering, laundry services, warehouses, and activities outside of the UAE and all IT and engineering services. hotel properties. • The Emirates Group staff accommodation • Partly-owned dnata freight-forwarding and buildings in Dubai (apartment buildings security companies in the UAE. and houses). • Partly and wholly-owned dnata ground • The top 12 Group offices outside of Dubai handling, cargo and travel services outside (outstations), by headcount. of Dubai. • Alpha Flight Group Ltd operations • SkyCargo trucking services, vehicle fleets (62 sites in 12 countries, including the UAE). operated in smaller outstations and those • 29 Emirates airport lounges (outside operated by Emirates and dnata subsidiary of Dubai). companies (in the UAE and overseas) were not included in this report.

HH Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum Tim Clark Gary Chapman Chairman & Chief Executive President President Emirates Airline & Group Emirates Airline Group Services & dnata

10 11 -300ER Number of Aircraft: 87 Wingspan: 64.8 m the emirates Cargo Capacity: 23 tonnes Length: 73.9 m Passenger Capacity: 354-442 Height: 18.6 m Engine Type: GE90-115B Max Take-Off Weight: 349.2 tonnes fleet Range: 14,594 km Average Cruising Speed: 896 km/h

Boeing 777-300 Number of Aircraft: 12 Wingspan: 60.9 m Cargo Capacity: 23 tonnes Length: 73.9 m Passenger Capacity: 364 Height: 18.6 m Engine Type: RR Trent 892 Max Take-Off Weight: 299.3 tonnes Range: 11,029 km Average Cruising Speed: 896 km/h

Airbus A380-800 Number of Aircraft: 31 Wingspan: 79.8 m Boeing 777-200LR Number of Aircraft: 10 Wingspan: 64.8 m Cargo Capacity: 8 tonnes Length: 72.7 m Cargo Capacity: 15 tonnes Length: 63.7 m Passenger Capacity: 489-517 Height: 24.1 m Passenger Capacity: 266 Height: 18.6 m Engine Type: GP7272 Max Take-Off Weight: 569.0 tonnes Engine Type: GE90-110B Max Take-Off Weight: 343.4 tonnes Range: 15,000 km Average Cruising Speed: 907 km/h Range: 17,446 km Average Cruising Speed: 896 km/h

Airbus A340-500 Number of Aircraft: 10 Wingspan: 63.4 m Boeing 777-200/777-200ER Number of Aircraft: 3/6 Wingspan: 60.9 m Cargo Capacity: 15 tonnes Length: 67.9 m Cargo Capacity:18 tonnes Length: 63.7 m Passenger Capacity: 258 Height: 17.1 m Passenger Capacity: 274-346 Height: 18.6 m Engine Type: RR Trent 553 Max Take-Off Weight: 372.0 tonnes Engine Type: RR Trent 877 Max Take-Off Weight: 247.2 tonnes Range: 16,050 km Average Cruising Speed: 874 km/h Range: 9,649 km Average Cruising Speed: 896 km/h

Airbus A340-300 Number of Aircraft: 5 Wingspan: 60.3 m Boeing 777F Number of Aircraft: 8 Wingspan: 64.8 m Cargo Capacity: 13 tonnes Length: 63.6 m Cargo Capacity: 103 tonnes Length: 63.7 m Passenger Capacity: 267 Height: 16.8 m Engine Type: GE90-110B Height: 18.6 m Engine Type: CFM56-5C4 Max Take-Off Weight: 275.0 tonnes Range: 9,260 km Max Take-Off Weight: 347.5 tonnes Range: 13,350 km Average Cruising Speed: 874 km/h Average Cruising Speed: 896 km/h

Airbus A330-200 Number of Aircraft: 23 Wingspan: 60.3 m Boeing 747-400ERF Number of Aircraft: 2 Wingspan: 64.4 m Cargo Capacity: 17 tonnes Length: 58.8 m Cargo Capacity: 117 tonnes Length: 70.6 m Passenger Capacity: 237-278 Height: 17.8 m Engine Type: GE80C2B1F Height: 19.5 m Engine Type: RR Trent 772 Max Take-Off Weight: 230.0 tonnes Range: 8,232 km/9,204 km Max Take-Off Weight: 395.9 tonnes Range: 12,200 km Average Cruising Speed: 874 km/h Average Cruising Speed: 896 km/h

12 13 our world today

dnata Presence Emirates Presence Emirates Destinations

Aberdeen Dammam Milan (Malpensa & Abu Dhabi Abidjan Damascus Kolkata Perth Abu Dhabi Darwin Linate) Adelaide Accra Dammam Kozhikode Peshawar Adelaide Delhi Mumbai Bengaluru Addis Ababa Dar es Salaam Kuala Lumpur Phuket Al Ain Dhaka Muscat Brisbane Adelaide Delhi Kuwait Prague Al Khobar Doha Naples Canberra Ahmedabad Dhaka Lagos Rio de Janeiro Al Medinah Dubai Newcastle Dar es Salaam Al Medinah Djibouti Lahore Riyadh Alghero Dublin Olbia Dubai Algiers Doha Larnaca Rome Amman (Marka) East Midlands Palermo Fujairah Amman Dubai Liege San Francisco Ancona Edinburgh Perth Hobart Amsterdam Dublin Lilongwe Sanaa Bahrain Erbil Peshawar Launceston Athens Durban Lisbon São Paulo Bangkok Florence Pisa Malé Auckland Düsseldorf Lome Seattle Barcelona Fujairah Prague Melbourne Baghdad Eldoret London Heathrow Seoul Bari Geneva Prestwick Muscat Bahrain Entebbe London Gatwick Seychelles Beirut Genova Ras Al Khaimah Perth Bangkok Erbil Los Angeles Shanghai Belfast Glasgow Riyadh Phuket Barcelona Frankfurt Luanda Singapore Bengaluru Guangzhou Rome Ras Al Khaimah Basra Geneva Lusaka Stockholm Bergamo Islamabad Salalah Seychelles Beijing Glasgow Lyon St. Petersburg Birmingham Jeddah Sanaa Sharjah Beirut Gothenburg Madrid Sydney Bologna Johannesburg Sanford Singapore Bengaluru Guangzhou Malé Taipei Brindisi Jubail Sharjah Sydney Buenos Aires Hamburg Malta Tehran Brisbane Kabul Singapore Wolgan Valley Birmingham Haneda Manchester Thiruvananthapuram Bristol Karachi Sofia Zanzibar Brisbane Hanoi Manila Tokyo Bucharest Kathmandu Stansted Cairo Harare Mauritius Toronto Cagliari Khartoum Suva Campinas Ho Chi Minh City Melbourne Tripoli Cairns Kuwait Sydney Cape Town Hong Kong Milan Tunis Cairo Lahore Taif Casablanca Houston Moscow Venice Canberra Lamezia Terme Tehran Chennai Hyderabad Mumbai Vienna Cape Town Leeds Townsville Chicago Islamabad Munich Warsaw Cardiff Liverpool Tunis Chittagong Istanbul Muscat Washington, DC Casablanca London Gatwick Turin Christchurch Jakarta Nairobi Zaragoza Catania London Heathrow Venice Clark Jeddah New York Zurich Colombo Luton Verona Colombo Johannesburg Newcastle Coolangatta Manchester Yanbu Copenhagen Karachi Nice Cork Manila Zurich Dakar Khartoum Osaka Damascus Melbourne Dallas Kochi Paris

14 15 Case study Emirates Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa

Ben Boothby’s “office” is enviable – consisting of the sandstone escarpments, grasslands and Eucalyptus-dotted woodlands of the Wolgan Valley, where Emirates operates its luxury resort. Emirates Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa consists of a small cluster of buildings nestled among the resort’s 1,600 hectares of wilderness. Two national parks surround the resort, including the World Heritage-listed Wollemi National Park, about three hours west of Sydney.

During the cold winter mornings, when the low clouds and mist trails off the escarpments, Ben says Wolgan is “jaw-dropping beautiful.” “Every day Wolgan shows Since joining Wolgan in 2010, his focus includes feral animal control and large-scale weed Ben Boothby - Senior Field Guide, suppression, as well as a re-vegetation programme usEmirates something Wolgan Valley Resort different” and Spa that has seen more than 200,000 indigenous trees planted in wildlife corridors and along the banks of Wolgan River that traverses the property.

In the past year, Ben’s activities have included setting up a not-for-profit Conservation Fund for the guests to be able to donate funds tax free towards conservation projects Valley wide, which will allow many new projects to be funded in the years to come.

He also worked with researchers at the University of Western Sydney to prevent the spread of disease from feral animals to native wombats, as well as looking at seedbanks and pre-European flora. This is in addition to the everyday focus on tree-planting and caring for planted trees, animal and weed control programmes and bushfire management.

Emirates spent AUD125 million developing the project, purchasing the former, degraded cattle- grazing property and implementing a range of ecological restoration activities. “From sacred rock formations to pristine creeks to albino wallaroos, every day Wolgan shows us something different,” Ben said.

The resort uses captured rainwater, solar power and heat recovery technology. When it opened in 2009, Wolgan was one of the first luxury resorts in the world to receive a carbon neutral certification from the internationally recognized carboNZero measurement firm based in New Zealand. Ben Boothby - Senior Field Guide, Emirates Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa

16 17 Case study Mail Reduction

At Emirates Group Headquarters, the Central Services team understandably handles a large volume of mail items – up to 180,000 each month; yet most of these mail items are not related to the business affairs of Emirates’ group of companies. With Dubai yet to develop a home-delivery postal system, around 55% of the mail received is personal mail for the company’s employees such as utility, bank and telephone statements.

With the goal of reducing mail waste, the mailing section of the Emirates Group are implementing new initiatives that will significantly reduce the amount of mail items by 25%, or 45,000 items “Everyone benef its and per month; this will not only free up staff to work on other projects but will also reduce the amount of paper waste associated with standard mail. collectively we all make The team is working with banks, phone companies and utility firms to transition over to electronic a signif icant step in statements. These mail reduction efforts will be joined by similar efforts in the HR department, which currently sends 20,000 salary certificates by mail reducing paper waste” each year and the finance department, which receives hundreds of thousands of phone bills by Tony Sembi - TM Vice President, Central Services mail each year for company issued BlackBerrys .

“This is an extremely important initiative,” Tony said. “By working together with the main service providers and utility companies in the UAE, we have created a win - win situation where everyone benefits and collectively we all make a significant step in reducing paper waste.”

Tony Sembi - Vice President, Central Services

18 19 Fuel

Fuel consumption Fuel Efficiency Emirates Airline Fuel Efficiency: For an airline, overwhelmingly it is the use of jet No other area of our organisation provides Metric Unit 2011-12 2012-13 % change fuel that shapes its environmental footprint. During as large an opportunity to reduce Emirates’ Emirates total the reporting period, Emirates increased its fleet environmental impact as fuel efficiency, measured fuel consumption tonnes 6,145,434 7,125,216 15.94 Emirates total size by 24 passenger aircraft and four freighters, in how much fuel is burned to carry a defined passenger-kilometres flown PK 170,028,553,587 200,647,018,829 18.00 as well as opening 10 new destinations and number of passengers over a defined distance. Emirates passenger fuel increasing frequencies on many existing routes. As An airline’s fuel efficiency is affected by a number efficiency litres per 100PK 4.11 4.07 -0.97 the fleet grows, Emirates’ fuel consumption and of factors, including technology such as aircraft Emirates SkyCargo freight tonne-kilometres flown emissions grow relatively, a relationship that helps and engine type, maintenance processes such as (freighters only) FTK 2,406,121,356 2,155,473,074 -10.42 explain much about Emirates’ environmental engine washing and operational practices such Emirates SkyCargo fuel results in 2012-13. as cruise climbs. Various weight-saving measures efficiency (freighters only) litres per FTK 0.224 0.207 -7.59 such as lightweight cargo containers also play an Emirates total tonne-kilometres flown TK 25,152,742,704 29,249,878,870 16.29 Overall, total jet fuel consumption rose by 15.9% important role. Overall Emirates from 6,145,434 tonnes in the 2011-12 financial fleet fuel efficiency litres per TK 0.3112 0.3103 -0.29 year to 7,125,216 tonnes in this reporting period. Emirates’ passenger fuel efficiency for 2012-13, These increases were the result of a significant as measured in litres/100 passenger kilometres increase to the Emirates fleet during the year, flown, totalled 4.07 L/100PK, an improvement including the arrival of 10 new Airbus A380s and of 1% compared against the previous reporting 24 new Boeing 777s (20 B777-300ERs and four period of 2011-12. This incremental improvement B777 freighters), which were only partially offset is attributed to the introduction of new, more fuel by the retirement or cancelled leases of three efficient aircraft, given Emirates’ already well- Airbus A330-200s and three Airbus A340-300s. developed efforts to reduce fuel consumption and fuel burn. Fleet Information as of March 2013: 4.07 Change from on firm In terms of freighter aircraft, in 2012-13 Emirates’ Aircraft In operation march 2012 order SkyCargo fuel efficiency, as measured in litres/ L/100PK A330-200 23 -3 freight tonne kilometres flown, was 0.207 L/FTK, A340-300 5 -3 0.97% improvement in Emirates’ Passenger fuel efficiency A340-500 10 reflecting an improvement of 7.6%. This represents A350-900/1000 XWB 70 a significant gain due to the introduction of new, A380-800 31 10 59 fuel-efficient freighters and the expiry of wet lease B777-200 3 contracts for older, less fuel-efficient freighters. B777-200ER 6 B777-200LR 10 Emirates’ overall fuel efficiency for all freighter B777-300 12 and passenger flights flown during 2012-13, as B777-300ER 87 20 64 measured in total tonne-kilometres flown, was Passenger 187 24 193 0.3103 L/TK, compared with 0.3112 L/TK for the 0.207 previous reporting period, a 0.29% improvement. B777-200LRF 8 4 L/FTK B747-400ERF 2 Emirates’ total fuel efficiency for 2012-13 is 7.6% improvement in Emirates SkyCargo fuel efficiency Total 197 28 193 15.7% lower than IATA’s 2012 industry average of 0.368 L/100PK and ahead of other airlines. Emirates Average Fleet Age This is a smaller differential from the comparison between Emirates and the IATA average in 2011- is 6 years Vs. IATA Average 12, due to fuel efficiency improvements across the fleet age of 11.7 years* industry over the past year. *Source: IATA WATS 57th edition, wide body fleet 0.31 L/TK 0.29% improvement in Emirates total fuel efficiency

20 21 Case study iFlex

Bob Everest has been working in the aviation industry for over 40 years, but he says he’s learning all the time. In 2010, he set out to simplify the complex network of flight corridors over continental Africa. After two years of negotiations with multiple government, civil aviation and industry stakeholders, the iFlex programme was born.

iFlex is an IATA-led initiative that is conducting trials “Our iFlex results have been to develop new flexible airspace from the Middle East across continental Africa and into South America. Increasingly flight routings are flowing immensely satisfying and between east and west, as opposed to traditional north-south flows. In addition to significant changes in seasonal passenger movements, there have yielded tangible, long- were also fluctuating high altitude wind conditions to consider. The old, established flight paths term results for all airlines weren’t taking these factors into consideration. Bob and his team organised meetings with 34 countries involved in over-flights between the and we continue to look for UAE and Brazil, a diverse grouping that included nations that did not traditionally interact on civil new areas in our network aviation matters. The result was the establishment of 25 new airway structures across the African continent for that we can implement the Emirates’ South American operations. These new airways will benefit all airlines operating flights between West and Central Africa and the Gulf. same initiative.”” More airways are expected and recently, talks Bob Everest - took place in Luanda with the Angolan authorities, Vice President Flight Operations Support Ghana and ICAO agreeing to open up more airways and air traffic management and better communications.

The initial calculation was that approximately 4,200 tonnes of fuel and 13,200 tonnes of CO2 emissions per year would be saved on the four routes to South America and Western Africa, as well as associated flight time savings. However this has been surpassed, as new city pairs have been opened and larger aircraft put on the routes.

Bob Everest - Vice President Flight Operations Support and air traffic management

22 23 A new measure of industry fuel efficiency

In our second annual environment report, Emirates These measurements are shaped by these introduced a new noise efficiency metric. This year, fundamental parameters: Emirates presents a new aircraft fuel efficiency metric Operation Fuel Efficiency Factor (OFEF) and Mass proposes this become a new industry standard. M is frequently represented by the payload which is defined as the combined weight of passengers From an aeronautical engineering point of view, the and cargo. However this representation does not efficiency of an aircraft can be improved through take into account the distinctions between the three different areas: propulsion, aerodynamics and three travel classes (Economy, Business, First) that weight (materials/design/systems). From a flight an operator might have to accommodate. These operations perspective, aircraft and/or engines distinctions encompass baggage allowances, are not easily changeable due to the high costs aircraft infrastructure (galleys, lavatories) involved. As a result, being efficient is mostly left to and passenger comfort level (seats, screens). best operational practices. Each airline may have Furthermore, a scheduled carrier will have to cope its own method of measuring each particular fuel with low load factor situations. In this case, payload saving practice that may be unique to the airline. approaches zero, which would make the whole fuel efficiency irrelevant (0 or infinite depending The fuel efficiency is a measure of the efficiency on where M is put in the formula). Consequently, of the process transforming chemical energy the operator cannot rely on this tool anymore to (burning fuel) into kinetic energy or work (moving a measure the impact of using the most fuel efficient mass). Most of the existing fuel efficiency metrics aircraft and operational practices. By using Zero for aviation are based on the ratio between fuel Fuel Weight, the commercial aspect is eliminated consumption (F) and transportation unit, where and all fuel saving practices can be accounted for the transportation unit is defined as the product in the final result. mass (M) × distance (D). In other words, the efficiency should demonstrate how far and how Distance much we can transport using as little fuel as Amongst the different distances that characterise a possible. However the definition of each of these flight, the actual distances flown by the aircraft are terms (mass M, distance D, fuel F) is subject to subject to a great variability. Ground distances vary various customisations and commercial decisions depending on the routes chosen for the day while each airline makes on every flight. The Emirates the weather conditions will affect air distances. proposal is based on this formula: Using the Great Circle Distance is simple and still gives an incentive to the operator to optimise the (Zero Fuel Weight)×(Great Circle Distance) selection of the route by using the shortest air (Block Fuel) distance possible and taking advantage of higher level winds and temperatures. Zero Fuel Weight (ZFW) in tonnes = total weight of the aircraft (including the aircraft, the crew Fuel members, the passengers and the cargo) without The fuel factor should consist of only the fuel the fuel burnt during the flight and should not include the fuel reserves or alternate diversion fuel. These Great Circle Distance (GCD) in KM = shortest elements have an impact on the gross weight of distance between the published Aerodrome the aircraft and are therefore taken into account by Reference Points (ARP) of the origin and the formula to incentivise fuel optimisation. destination airports

In the future, this is how Emirates’ fuel efficiency will Block Fuel (BF) in Litres = fuel burnt during the look as measured by tonne kilometre per litre (TK/L): flight, from gate to gate

Operational Fuel Efficiency Factor (TK/L) 2011-12 2012-13 % change Fuel Efficiency (TK/L) 17.566 17.705 0.79*

* Unlike usual metrics, the higher the OFEF value, the better the efficiency. Subsequently, a positive percentage change value reflect an improvement over time.

24 25 Case study Aircraft interiors recycling

Where do aircraft go when they are taken out of service? In many countries they are taken to aircraft ‘boneyards’, such as the southwestern United States, where thousands of old civil and military aircraft stand against the elements, having been picked clean of reusable materials.

In the Middle East there is no precedent for recyclable aircraft materials to be painstakingly dismantled after service, much less when aircraft undergo mid-life refurbishments. In 2010 however, Emirates initiated a programme to recover and recycle materials related to a conversion programme for 33 Boeing 777s set to receive new interiors. “It simply makes sense – Alexander has helped oversee the refurbishment financially and process including stripping out fittings such as seats, carpets, galleys, toilets, entertainment systems environmentally” and wiring – in fact everything except the overhead Alexander Kuriakose - luggage bins. Overhaul Workshop Manager, Emirates Engineering This includes seat frames which are made of aviation-grade 2017A aluminium alloy, steel items, polycarbonate plastics (from seat mouldings), wiring, carpet, textile and leather seat coverings and even electric motors which move the seats into various positions in our premium cabins. All of these items are weighed, checked and sent off for recycling.

“In the beginning, we did not have a recycling unit here and all items were scrapped,” he said. “Parts were being thrown away because there was no space to keep it. Since they were being thrown away, we thought, ‘why not recycle it?’”

The quantities of materials separated and sent for recycling tell of the programme’s success: over 432,904 kilograms of materials have been diverted from landfill since the start of the project in August 2010, to the end of the 2012-13 financial year. This includes 103,396 kg of 2017A aviation grade aluminium, 183,202 kg of polycarbonate plastic, 81,109 kg of textiles, leather and carpet, 702 kg of cables and 495 kg of electric motors/actuators.

In addition to this, Emirates Engineering recycled a further 3,553,793 kilograms of recyclable materials from its general waste stream, including 86,904 kg of scrap metal and tin cans, 164,582 kg of plastic containers and 3,302,307 kg of cardboard and paper.

Alexander Kuriakose - Overhaul Workshop Manager, Emirates Engineering

26 27 Emissions

Carbon dioxide emissions are directly related to Passenger CO2 Efficiency (gCO2/100PK) jet fuel consumption, with each kilogram of fuel 102.5 consumed creating more than three kilograms 102.0 of carbon dioxide. Total CO2 emissions from

Emirates passenger and cargo operations rose 101.5 15.9%, from 19.4m tonnes CO2 in the 2011- 101.0 12 reporting period to 22.4m tonnes CO2 this year, a percentage increase that closely mirrors 100.5 Emirates’ increased fuel consumption volumes. 100.0

Nonetheless, Emirates’ CO2 emissions efficiency 99.5 for passenger flights improved incrementally by 2011-12 2012-13 1%, dropping from 101.60 g CO2/PK in 2011-12 to 100.60 g CO2/PK this financial year. The gains were recorded through newer, more fuel-efficient aircraft joining the fleet.

Emirates SkyCargo’s CO2 emissions efficiency Cargo CO2 Efficiency for freight transportation in 2012-13, was 570 (gCO2/FTK) 511.2 g CO2/FTK, a 7.9% improvement on the 560 previous year’s figure of 555 g CO2/FTK for 550 freighters. Although many carriers do not report 540 CO2 emissions efficiency exclusively for freight 530 transportation, in 2011-12 Emirates was one 520 of the lowest amongst those carriers that did. 510 Overall, Emirates improved its CO2 emissions 500 efficiency by 0.39%, dropping from 0.77 gCO2/ 490 TK last year to 0.767 gCO2/TK this year. 480 2011-12 2012-13 Due to Emirates’ on-going efficiency efforts, its CO2 emissions efficiency in 2012-13 was lower than the IATA global fleet average by 16.6%. As with fuel efficiency, the difference between Emirates’ emissions efficiency and the IATA average was greater in 2011-12 than in 2012-13, due to improvements industry-wide over the past Overall CO2 Efficiency (gCO2/TK) year. 0.78

CO2 Efficiency 0.77 2011-12 2012-13 % change

Passenger CO2 Efficiency 0.76 (gCO2/100PK) 101.60 100.60 -0.98 Cargo CO2 Efficiency 0.75 (gCO2/FTK) 555.00 511.20 -7.9 Overall CO2 Efficiency 0.74 (gCO2/TK) 0.770 0.767 -0.39 2011-12 2012-13

28 29 Fuel Jettison Events Unburnt Hydrocarbons (UHCs) NOx Emissions -Percentage below Regulatory Limits Noise Factors using GCD in dBKm2/TK A fuel jettison event is a procedure used in certain Unlike NOx, UHCs are due to incomplete combustion (ICAO CAEP/6) Emirates Fleet Average over Time Take-off Landing 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 emergency situations where it is necessary to of kerosene at idle thrust setting, typically during 6.8 2011-2012 2.55 0.71 2012-2013 2.51 0.69 lower the aircraft weight through the release of ground operations. Emissions of UHCs below 3,000 7.0 jet fuel, in order to ensure a safe landing. The feet from all Emirates fleet operations rose from 451 7.2 most common reasons for use of this procedure tonnes last financial year to 564 tonnes this year, a 7.4 are medical emergencies and technical issues. 25% increase. 100% of Emirates aircraft 7.6

Fuel jettison events during 2012-13 totalled The UHC increase was caused by the addition of Percentage 7.8 were fully compliant with 15, three less than were reported last year. The new aircraft. While dramatically more fuel-efficient 8.0 quantity of fuel jettisoned rose 75% to 590 tonnes. in flight, these aircraft have slightly higher rates of ICAO’s stringent CAEP/6 8.2 NOx and UHC emissions under 3,000 feet. UHC 8.4 emissions standards emission levels from all aircraft types in the Emirates fleet were well below the stringent ICAO CAEP/6 Fuel Jettison Events 2011-12 2012-13 Alternative Approaches regulatory limits. Technical Reasons 10 5 As airports and governments around the world Medical Reasons 6 10 strive to relieve capacity bottlenecks and unlock Environmental Reasons 2 0 Noise efficiency factors for take-off UHC Emissions - Percentage below Regulatory Limits their economies for continued growth, Emirates, Total Events 18 15 (NEF-T) and landing (NEF-L) (ICAO CAEP/6) for Emirates Fleet with a new fleet of quiet aircraft continues to Jettisoned Fuel (tonnes) 338 590 All jet aircraft generate noise on take-off and landing. 2011-12 2012-13 6.6 propose ways to make flights quieter during How much noise depends on the aircraft type, engine 6.7 noise sensitive periods such as night-time and Local Air Quality design and weight. early mornings. Some chemical components emitted by 6.8 aircraft engines, such as nitrogen oxides and Aircraft with lower noise efficiency profiles have less 6.9 The for example is already known as a unburnt hydrocarbons, have an impact on the of an impact on surrounding communities. Emirates 7.0 quiet aircraft and offers the best noise footprint for local ground level air quality. These chemical believes that noise efficiency factors should be Percentage very large aircraft. Tests at reveal emissions are measured at altitude of below adopted as an industry standard to help educate 7.1 that the A380 is more than six decibels quieter 3,000 feet during the landing and take-off stakeholders on how airlines are performing in terms 7.2 on departure than Boeing’s 747-400. With recent (LTO) cycle and its four phases of operation: of overall landing and take-off events, based on 7.3 proposals and policy debates in cities around approach, taxi, take-off and initial climb. aircraft types. the world regarding the best use of existing and possible new airport infrastructure, Emirates is Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions Emirates’ Noise Efficiency Factor for Take-Off engaging in dialogue with aircraft manufacturers, Nitrogen oxides occur due to high temperature (NEF-T) for the 2012-13 financial year was 2.51 airports and regulators to alter the normal flight and pressure conditions in the engine dBkm2/TK. The Noise Efficiency Factor for Landing Noise Emissions - Percentage Below Regulatory Limits (ICAO Annex 16, Vol 1, Ch. 4) Emirates Fleet Average Over Time path of A380s and reduce its noise footprint even combustion chamber. They are therefore (NEF-L) for 2012-13 was 0.69 dBkm2/TK. As further during sensitive flying times. Reduced emitted at higher rates, typically during take- mentioned in our explanation on OFEF, Emirates 8.0 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 thrust take-offs with an optimised Noise Abatement off and climb. Emissions of nitrogen oxides believes a new industry standard should be adopted 8.1 climb profile on flights to Dubai can improve the measured below 3,000 feet from all Emirates for calculating noise, fuel and CO2 emissions 8.2 London QC noise level by one full category. fleet operations increased 16.9% to 9,194 efficiencies based on Greater Circle Distances, Zero 8.3 tonnes from 7,863 tonnes the previous year. Fuel Weight and Block Fuel. 8.4 Emirates is examining ways to fly aircraft on 8.5 adjusted approach descent paths to reduce the NOx emissions from aircraft engines are Overall, 2012-13 was marked by noise efficiency Percentage 8.6 noise footprint near airports. This could reduce related to fuel efficiency and the quantity improvements at Emirates due to quieter aircraft 8.7 the number of homes within the aircraft’s of jet fuel consumed. The increase is in line entering the fleet and the retirement of several older, 8.8 noise contour by up to 20%, depending on the with Emirates’ increased operations and the and thus noisier, aircraft. All aircraft in the Emirates 8.9 population densities of surrounding areas of an associated increase in jet fuel consumption. fleet are compliant with the noise limit of ICAO airport. The proposal comes as many airports However, NOx emission levels from all aircraft Chapter 4. such as London Heathrow have reached the limit types in the Emirates fleet were well below the of their operational capacity. stringent ICAO CAEP/6 regulatory limits.

All Fleet NOx Emissions- Percentage below Regulatory Limits (CAEP/6 ) for Emirates Fleet (2011-12) -7.7 NOx Emissions- Percentage below Regulatory Limits (CAEP/6 ) for Emirates Fleet (2012-13) -8.2

30 31 Case study San Francisco Fly Quiet Award

With much of the focus on the environmental effect of aviation aimed on emissions, aircraft noise is often overlooked in the environmental health picture. It is however a growing issue of concern for many airports and the communities they serve, including San Francisco International Airport (SFO).

In 2012 and 2013, Rashed Al Balooshi, a Flight Operations Engineer, helped Emirates become the first airline to notch back-to-back awards in SFO’s Jon C. Long Fly Quiet Chairperson’s Award, as well as the award for Most Improved Airline.

This was the first time an airline operating a wide- bodied aircraft won the award, despite operating the longest flight out of SFO and operating the heaviest Boeing 777.

It was only as recently as 2009 that SFO notified ”You keep trying different Emirates its noise footprint ranked second to last profiles until you reach the among airlines serving the airport. As part of the winning formula” Flight Operations Performance team that performed a root cause analysis, Rashed and the team soon Rashed Al Balooshi - discovered the reasons: the aircraft consistently Flight Operations Engineer departed at maximum take-off weight (and therefore required maximum engine thrust) and the take-off route prescribed to Emirates by the airport involved a sharp turn, which also required maximum throttle, producing more noise. Finally, Emirates’ noise profile also suffered due to Emirates’ relatively low angle of climb, which was chosen based on the optimal engine usage, but kept the aircraft at a relatively low altitude above nearby residential communities.

In planning a solution, Rashed modelled various sound profiles based on different take-off and climb routes. Armed with his suggestions, Emirates pilots began making changes, including requesting approval to use longer runways and favourable pathways to take advantage of headwinds and those requiring fewer turns mid-air. Pilots also selected a higher angle of climb (rather than a fast rate of climb).

Following a two-year implementation period, Emirates climbed from the second to last position to the second place overall among the 44 airlines serving SFO, a just reward for the efforts of Rashed and his team members.

“It is just like a game,” said Rashed. “It is one of those things where you keep trying different profiles Rashed Al Balooshi - until you reach the winning formula.” Flight Operations Engineer

32 33 Electricity, Water & Waste

Although the majority of Emirates’ environmental Key Performance Indicators Electricity Water Total Waste impact is associated with jet propulsion, like any A further look into Emirates’ ground operations 1,200,000 7000 180,000 160,000 large company it also has associated emissions can be evaluated on a “per head” basis. Keeping 6000 1,000,000 related to electricity, water, waste and ground in mind the environment that Emirates operates 140,000 5000 transportation. In addition to office buildings, in with regard to the desert climate, there are 800,000 120,000 Emirates also devotes considerable resources obviously significant requirements related to 4000 100,000 600,000 ML on the ground to support the operational indoor air-conditioning and other necessities. The Mwh 80,000 3000 Tonnes requirements of running the airline business key performance indicators (KPIs) for our Dubai 400,000 60,000 2000 in and around the airport, as well as housing operations show the following results: 40,000 200,000 1000 more than 20,000 staff in company-provided 20,000 accommodation. These requirements continue to Electricity consumption per head of staff in Dubai 0 0 0.0 Emirates Group Emirates Group Emirates Group Emirates Group Emirates Group Emirates Group grow as Emirates expands its flight operations. In declined slightly by 0.12%. (Dubai) 2011-12 (Dubai) 2012-13 (Dubai) 2011-12 (Dubai) 2012-13 (Dubai) 2011-12 (Dubai) 2012-13 2012-13, more than 4,400 new employees joined the company. This report encompasses a wider Water consumption per head of staff in Dubai scope than last year’s report, including larger increased by 8.2%. catering outstations for Alpha Flight Group and additional Emirates premium lounges. Waste generation per head of staff in Dubai increased by 18%. Electricity, Water & Waste Electricity consumption in Dubai increased by The methodology used to calculate these KPIs 6.36% and by 7.13% across all sites. Water is outlined in the companion document, “The consumption rose by 15% in Dubai and 20.47% Emirates Group 2012-13 Environmental Report across all stations. – Reporting Guidelines and Methodology”, available on the Environment page of the Waste generation across the group grew by Emirates Group website. 12.9%. These increases can be attributed to the increase in the scope of the report, as well as the growth in staff numbers and business operations.

Key Performance Indicator (2011-12) (2012-13) % Change uaE (2010) Electricity use(kwh/head/day) 51.5 51.44 -0.12 54 Water use (litres/head/day) 318 344 8.18 970 Waste generation (kg/head/day) 7.2 8.5 18.06 4.2

Metric Emirates Emirates % Emirates Emirates % Change Group group Change Group group All sites (Dubai) (Dubai) (All sites) (All sites) 2011-12 2012-13 2011-12 2012-13 Electricity – MWh 916,909 974,586.8 6.3 970,981 1,040,176.92 7.13 Water – ML 5,668 6,520.4 15 6,091 7,338.1 20.47 Total Waste – tonnes 127,707 161,137 26.2 148,981 168,236 12.92

34 35 Case study Staff accommodation recycling

The first phase of the Emirates Group staff accommodation recycling programme kicked- off in January 2011. This involved placing hundreds of recycling bins for plastic bottles, aluminium and steel cans, paper and cardboard products in 42 apartment buildings across Dubai. Many of the buildings are owned by third-party landlords, so approval had to be sought to ensure that the recycling bins were properly placed and appropriately signed. The collection and recycling itself is carried out by a new recycling contractor in Dubai, using bar-coded collection skips and dedicated mini-garbage trucks, with “It is a small yet very weight sensors that can automatically measure the weight of the recyclables collected from each important part of what bin – and GPS equipment gives the exact time and the Group does” location of collections. Sadanand Nadlaskar - Accommodation Supervisor, The recycling programme would not have Emirates Group Facilities been possible to implement without the close cooperation of the Emirates Group Facilities department who assign supervisors to look after the maintenance and service requirements of each staff accommodation building. Sadanand Nadlaskar is one such Accommodation Supervisor, who looks after 11 buildings, ranging from small apartment blocks with 40 occupants to rambling complexes that house over 1,200 cabin crew. Nine of these buildings currently have recycling bins, while the others are part of the planned second phase of the recycling programme this year.

As a manager for the building, Sadanand is also responsible for the smooth operations of the recycling programme in his facilities, including setting up the bins, overseeing the recycling firm makes regular pick-ups and installing proper signage as part of awareness campaigns to educate tenants. The programme is very popular with tenants, he said. “It is important we re-use things that are headed for the rubbish bins,“ he said. “If things can be re-used, why not?”

Sadanand Nadlaskar - Accommodation Supervisor, Emirates Group Facilities

36 37 Emirates Group Recycling

The Emirates Group recycling programmes are recycled by the Emirates Group in Dubai, with a relatively new, having begun in the 2009-10 year. further 3,055 tonnes collected by overseas Emirates The programmes have been a huge success, offices and business units. Overall, recycling volumes targeting a diverse group of waste streams and doubled in 2012-13 to 10,697 tonnes, a significant steadily growing volumes each year. This includes accomplishment. The primary reason for this increase collecting recyclable materials from office and was due to the inclusion of Alpha Flight Group residential waste as well as recyclable materials recycling. The fastest percentage gain was in glass from units such as Emirates Engineering and recycling, which increased 9,079% after Emirates Emirates Flight Catering. Flight Catering began collecting used bottles and donating them to a local bottling company to be In 2012-13, more than 7,642 tonnes of waste were ground into cullet.

On a per-head basis, the recycling rate rose 33% IN 2012-13

Waste Material Recycled by Quantity Recycled in Quantity Recycled in the Emirates Group 2011-12 (tonnes) 1 2012-13 (tonnes) 2 % change Paper and Cardboard 3,226.40 3,258.89 1.01 Unspecified recycling 1,346.25 6,385.43 374.31 Plastic - all types including plastic bottles and polycarbonate 380.58 174.30 -54.20 Textiles, leather, carpet and used clothing 92.38 54.45 -41.06 Cooking Oil 86.20 412.54 378.58 Steel - scrap and cans 80.17 40.43 -49.57 Aluminium - foil, cans, aviation grade 2017A alloy 70.33 77.95 10.83 IT and e-Waste 42.46 50.00 17.77 Glass 2.51 230.40 9,079 Food 2.20 12.30 459.09 Electric Motors 1.75 0.65 -62.92 Cables 0.56 0.18 -68.39 Total (tonnes) 5,331.78 10,697.52 100.64

1 includes Alpha Catering, top 12 outstations and 26 Emirates airport lounges 2 includes Alpha Catering, top 12 outstations and 29 Emirates airport lounges

38 39 Case study Emirates Flight Catering

Waste is a part of the business in the time- sensitive and demanding world of food catering. Emirates Flight Catering (EKFC) is one of the world’s largest airline catering firms, preparing as many as 150,000 meals in a day. At the end of each day, a significant amount of leftover food, as well as used cans, bottles and other items makes its way back to EKFC’s facilities at Dubai International Airport. Waste is something Marc Strauch, the Assistant Vice President of Operations Service Delivery at EKFC hates to see. He composts at home and remarks that as a South African with a love of the environment, he should have chosen a career outdoors. “I’m in the “ wrong business,” he said jokingly. “I should have Our efforts will become a game park ranger.” be gratifying At EKFC, under his direction, the company has hired a full-time staff of 20 individuals devoted entirely to collecting recyclables such as used cooking oil, and rewarding“ aluminium cans, cardboard, paper, plastic and Marc Strauch - foil. The staffing costs are covered by the monies Assistant Vice President - earned through EKFC’s recycling contracts. Operations Service Delivery, Emirates Flight Catering But Marc is not yet finished. Glass, ironically a difficult item to recycle in the UAE, despite its obvious recycling appeal, is the newest recycling programme. Although EKFC has yet to find a firm to pay for the glass, Mark’s team is now diverting 15 tonnes of bottles to a firm that grinds the bottles into cullet which is used for re-melting into new bottles.

Another project Marc has his eye on is a food dryer, which would reduce the volume of leftover food sent to landfills – and the associated costs – exponentially.

“I am very passionate about the environmental issues we face each day at EKFC,” Marc said. “With the help and input from my staff and the crew on board, our efforts will be gratifying and rewarding.”

Marc Strauch - Assistant Vice President - Operations Service Delivery, Emirates Flight Catering

40 41 Ground Operations

Ground Vehicles and Equipment Emirates instead of several sedans and increased Total Fuel Consumption - Ground Operations The Emirates Group ground fleet includes 4,688 monitoring of driver productivity to encourage Metric Emirates Emirates % Emirates Emirates % Change Group group Change Group group All sites vehicles and diesel-fuelled equipment. This efficiency. These initiatives were calculated to have (Dubai) (Dubai) (All sites) (All sites) represents a significant increase of 14.6% from reduced emissions by 884 tonnes of CO2, or 3% of 2011-12 2012-13 2011-12 2012-13 2011-12. the total for Central Services. Diesel consumption – Ltr 23,334,072 34,880,348 49.48 25,144,459 36,731,277 46.08 Petrol consumption – Ltr 9,263,191 10,148,017 9.55 9,531,863 10,468,623 9.83 A few business units decreased fleet sizes such In 2012-13 the Emirates Group activities addressed Total fuel consumption – Ltr 32,597,263 45,028,365 38.14 34,873,922 47,199,900 35.3 as Arabian Adventures and dnata Cargo, while all in this report generated 23,560,782 tonnes of other reporting groups added vehicles to their carbon dioxide equivalent (C02e) emissions. This fleet. This was generally the result of an expansion is an increase of 15.71% compared with 2011-12 in business operations especially with Emirates which is in line to the increase in airline operations CO2e Emissions by Scope beginning flights out of the new Concourse A at over the same period. Sources Tonnes of CO2 e Dubai International Airport. Emirates Group (Dubai) Emirates Group (All sites) The overwhelming majority of CO2 emissions from 2011-12 2012-13 % change 2011-12 2012-13 % change As a result, fuel consumption rose by 35.3% to the Emirates Group came from flight operations Scope 1 Aviation fuel, 19,441,812.8 22,560,945.8 16.04 19,447,345 22,566,622 16.04 47,199,900 litres of fuel, largely the result of and the consumption of jet fuel. Together with diesel, petrol and LPG consumption growth in Emirates consumption of diesel fuel. On diesel and petrol from ground operations, this Scope 2 Electricity and 726,849.9 780,011 7.31 766,417.38 825,924 7.76 a per-employee basis, vehicle fuel consumption represented 96% of total emissions. water consumption per head of staff in Dubai increased by 36.1% in Scope 3 Waste to 127,707.3 161,137 26.18 148,981 168,236 12.92 2012-13. This is explained by the rapid increase The amount of emissions associated with power landfill or incineration in vehicle use in and around Dubai airport, generation and water usage remained a very TOTAL 20,296,370 23,502,093.8 15.79 20,362,743.28 23,560,782 15.71 supporting the daily operational requirements of small percentage of overall emissions, at 4%. In Emirates airline and dnata. real terms these associated emissions declined by 1.3%. Emirates Group - No. of vehicles Nonetheless, Emirates Group initiatives to reduce Ground Transportation Vehicle Count 2012-13 vehicle emissions are bearing fruit. The Group’s Similarly, emissions associated with waste sent to EKFC 206 Central Services team has initiated a number of landfill or incinerated also remained a very small Arabian Adventures 105 programmes to conserve fuel including purchasing percentage of overall emissions. Nonetheless, in dnata Cargo 158 replacement vehicles with smaller engine sizes, real terms waste-related emissions grew during dnata Airport using luxury vans to chauffeur families travelling on the period by 12.92%. Operations 1,961 DDCR 10 Engineering 316 Central Services 1,138 Sub-total (Dubai) 3,894 Outstations 82 Alpha Catering 712 Sub-total (ex-Dubai) 794 Total Vehicles 4,688

42 43 Case study Electric vehicles

Coming from Europe, where environmental standards are among the most developed worldwide, Bernd Leo Struck was well versed in the use of electric vehicles at airports. But introducing them at Dubai International posed its own unique set of challenges.

Bernd, the Vice President of Baggage Services at dnata, soon discovered the limits of electric vehicle batteries at the airport. Its 24/7 operation prevents a proper recharging period, the hot These electric summer climate of the Middle East saps battery “ life and the roads leading down the airport’s five underground stories also present a special burden vehicles are absolutely on the batteries. necessary. It is not “For these reasons, the use of alternative energy is not possible, because of battery life,” he said. Yet Bernd saw the introduction of electric emotional, its a vehicles as an environmental imperative. Diesel ’ engine vehicles and tractors emit harmful dust particulates and he was concerned about dnata’s rational thing.” 10,000 staffers who work with or near these vehicles at the airport. Bernd Leo Struck - Vice President, Baggage Services Bernd and dnata are currently trialing six types of electric vehicles from the US, Germany, France and Japan. Once they select a winning design the team will procure 50 of the electric vehicle tractors for introduction in the 2013/14 fiscal year. Although they are twice as expensive as diesel powered tractors, they do not require fuel and have fewer maintenance costs.

The battery has already been selected by a Texas- based firm specialising in hot climates and “opportunity charging”, where the vehicles will operate 24 hours a day. Bernd hopes this is the start of what could become a full-scale transition to electric vehicles for dnata’s fleet of 2,500 vehicles.

“These electric vehicles are absolutely necessary,” he said. “It is not emotional, it is a rational thing.”

Bernd Leo Struck - Vice President, Baggage Services

44 45 Case study a Greener Tomorrow

In January, roughly four years after Emirates launched its first recycling programme, it faced a decision. What should Emirates do with all the monies generated by its various recycling contracts for items such as cardboard, paper, aluminium and plastic bottles, which had accumulated to over USD150,000?

Rather than spend the monies itself, Emirates decided to put the funds to good use with an initiative entitled “A Greener Tomorrow”, which involves seeking applications for deserving non- “Emirates has been making great profit organisations to award funds. Jenny Johnstone, a manager in the International, strides on the environmental front Government and Environment Affairs team, is responsible for A Greener Tomorrow. As someone who lived in an eco-village back home in Northern for many years now, but it wasn’t Ireland and completed sustainability courses in graduate school, she was pleased to see the until ‘A Greener Tomorrow’ that Emirates Group take on a more interactive role on environmental matters. we were really able to engage the “It is great to have the opportunity to work on turning Emirates’ internal environmental initiatives wider public and tell them about it.” outwards and assess great programmes that we Jenny Johnstone - might partner with,” she said. International and Government Affairs Manager In March, Emirates released a call for entries for worthwhile environmental projects and the resulting response was overwhelming. The winners will be announced in October 2013.

Jenny Johnstone - International and Government Affairs Manager

46 47 Setting industry The Emirates targets Airline Foundation

A Committed Industry Partner to adopt a global scheme by its annual assembly in The Emirates Airline Foundation, established in The ship is fully equipped with two eight-bed Environmental policies and regulations are taking September 2013 and includes provisions for early 2003, is the primary vehicle for all of Emirates wards, two operating theatres, an X-ray room, a on increased importance within the aviation movers and fast-growing airlines. Emirates believes Airline’s charitable activities. The Foundation is pathology laboratory, an ophthalmic room and a industry. As the world’s largest international that an airline’s operational efficiencies should be a non-profit charity with the aim of improving dentistry room. airline by capacity, Emirates is making a positive a central criteria to any market based measure. the quality of life for disadvantaged children, contribution to these policy discussions through its regardless of geographical, political or religious Through donations to the non-governmental work with the relevant national and international IATA’s Target boundaries. It provides philanthropic aid for organisation (NGO) Friendship, the Foundation bodies. Aviation is also the first industry to agree on global underprivileged children in the areas of health, funded the twin-hulled vessel and continues targets to manage carbon emissions. housing, food and education. to meet the on-going annual operational costs Compliance including a full-time team of doctors, nurses and Different countries have different regulations These collective industry targets include a 1.5% The generous monetary donations of passengers support staff. Donated Skywards Miles have also governing aviation within their borders and per annum fuel efficiency improvement until and staff are used to purchase the much-needed aid, been used to sponsor airline tickets for visiting airspace. The policy of Emirates is to comply with 2020, carbon neutral growth from 2020 onwards while donated Skywards Miles are used to purchase international doctors volunteering their medical all relevant regulations in all territories in which and an absolute reduction in CO2 emissions of air tickets for healthcare professionals and other services on the vessel. By March 2013, a total of it operates, including compliance with emissions 50% by 2050, compared with 2005 levels. IATA volunteers to assist in both Foundation projects and 200,000 people have been treated on the Emirates standards as well as reporting requirements. has outlined a four-pillar strategy to meet these humanitarian missions around the world. Friendship Hospital Ship. targets, including improved technology (advanced A “Sectoral Solution” engines, airframes and sustainable biofuels), The Foundation’s projects are primarily located Emirates CHES Home, India There are efforts currently underway to regulate effective operations (more direct flight paths, within countries where Emirates flies, enabling Working in partnership with the Community Health aviation emissions within certain jurisdictions, continuous descent approaches and flexible airline staff volunteers to take a role in assisting Education Society (CHES) NGO, the Foundation such as the EU’s Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). routings that take advantage of weather), efficient or overseeing the projects. funded the construction of the Emirates CHES While we understand the motivations behind these infrastructure (improved air traffic management) Home for abandoned HIV positive children in measures, Emirates strongly believes a global and positive economic measures (emissions A full account of the progress of these programmes Chennai, India. The Foundation has also committed sectoral approach, through partnership with IATA trading and offsetting). is provided at www.emiratesairlinefoundation.org. to funding the running costs of the facility for the and ICAO, is the best way to address aviation’s next 20 years. The facility offers dormitories for emissions and other impacts on the environment. The UAE State Action Plan Some examples include: 100 children, as well as having a medical centre ICAO has asked its Member States to begin and a playground. In June 2013, Emirates endorsed an IATA providing voluntary action plans outlining Emirates Friendship Hospital Ship, Bangladesh resolution to suggest a global approach to the international aviation CO2 emissions as well as The Emirates Friendship Hospital Ship provides application of a single market-based measure relevant policies to address these emissions. In vital medical services along a 250 kilometre to control emissions - making aviation the first response, the UAE’s General Civil Aviation Authority section of the Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh. industry to make such a recommendation. has convened a working group comprised of local stakeholder airlines. Emirates is a member of this Emirates is supportive of the resolution and its group and is working hand-in-hand with authorities strong statement of intent, which called on ICAO to develop a UAE State Action Plan.

48 49 Case study Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve

Greg Simkins has spent more than a decade living and working in the rugged beauty of the Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve (DDCR) spanning 225 square kilometres, or almost 5% of the emirate of Dubai. Overseeing a team of 12 conservationists, ecologists and animal handlers, Greg is guided by the simple goal of protecting the endangered species residing at the preserve and the conservation of desert habitat and traditional heritage.

When it opened in 2003, DDCR became the first conservation reserve in the UAE and Emirates has played a vital role since the beginning, helping establish the reserve and continuing to help fund “The desert inspires and manage the conservation reserve ever since. you through its ability The Arabian Oryx is just one of the Reserve’s success stories. Fifty years ago, the Arabian Oryx was extinct from the wild in the UAE. The to adapt and survive reserve initially reintroduced 70 Arabian Oryx back into their native habitat and through careful against the odds management, DDCR now has a population of more ” than 400 Arabian Oryx. It is working with other Greg Simkins - Conservation Manager conservation organisations across the region to Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve protect this species in the wild.

The Reserve is also home to an ecosystem of 43 mammals and reptiles, more than 120 species of birds and 57 species of plants. The flora and fauna of the DDCR are protected by a management plan that employs utilisation zones ranging from complete exclusion to limited access for safari groups.

Under Greg’s management, researchers are also studying the Arabian Fox, MacQueen’s Bustard and the carrying capacity of the Reserve’s rangeland vegetation for foraging species. The more cryptic nocturnal species within the DDCR are being recorded through camera trap survey techniques using infrared and motion sensors.

Summer daytime temperatures can rise into the mid-50’s (degrees Celsius), while winter plays host to freezing nights and occasional storms with heavy rainfall.

“The desert is a harsh and beautiful environment filled with biodiversity,” he said. “It inspires you through its ability to adapt and survive against the odds.”

Greg Simkins - Conservation Manager Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve

50 51 Case study Emvironment Champs

The EmChamps programme, short for ‘Emvironmental Champions’, was started in November 2009 as an initiative of the Environment Affairs department and now counts 1,400 volunteers, or 2% of staff. The programme taps into our staff’s enthusiasm for environmental issues, allowing them to become involved in various environmental projects, events and competitions, while learning more about the wider “It is like playing environmental initiatives of the Group and broader cricket or football. environmental issues. In his spare time, Mannan, a logistics specialist I feel good doing in flight operation training, has helped develop a SharePoint site for the EmChamps, an online discussion forum to share their ideas and plan these things.” environmental activities. Mannan Khan - Logistics Specialist, Emirates Flights Operations Training Other initiatives Mannan has worked on include finding ways to re-use spent oil from hydraulic jacks on flight simulators instead of disposing it – part of the “reduce, reuse, recycle” mantra that he embraces.

”I’m glad when we can divert something from being sent to a landfill to be re-used. That is the whole objective.” Today, Mannan likens his work with the EmChamps to a hobby. “It is like playing cricket or football,” he said. “I feel good doing these things.”

Top right: Alisa Cleggett - Top left: Mannan Khan - Bottom left: Nicole O‘Donnell - Lounge Agent, Logistics Specialist, Cabin Crew Manager, Emirates Group, Sydney Emirates Flights Operations Training Emirates Group, Dubai

52 53

Reasonable assurance Criteria Within the scope of our work we performed, Opinion The reporting criteria used by the Emirates Group amongst others, the following procedures: report In our opinion, the reported annual environmental are described in the Emirates Group 2012-2013 data, as included in the Emirates Group Environmental Report – Reporting Guidelines and • reviewed documents to gain an To: the Presidents of the Emirates Group Environmental Report 2012-2013 (page 7) and Methodology, 4 September 2013, available on the understanding of the activities and structure marked with a , as mentioned in the paragraph website of the Emirates Group. We consider the of the Emirates Group; Engagement and responsibilities “Engagement and responsibilities”, have been reporting criteria to be relevant and sufficient for • conducted interviews with Emirates Group prepared, in all material respects, in accordance We have been engaged by the Emirates Group to our engagement. management to understand the data with the Emirates Group Environmental Report perform a reasonable assurance engagement on the collection process and to evaluate the 2012-13 – Reporting Guidelines and Methodology. following measures presented at page 7 and CO2 quantification is subject to uncertainty accuracy of the quantitative and qualitative marked with a  (hereafter: the reported annual because of such things as emissions factors that are information in the reported annual Amsterdam, 4 September 2013 environmental data) in the accompanying used by mathematical models to calculate environmental data; PricewaterhouseCoopers Accountants N.V. Environmental Report 2012-2013 by the Emirates emissions, and the inability of those models to • reconciled reported data with internal and Group, Dubai: precisely characterize under all circumstances the external source documentation; relationships between various inputs and the • performed analytical procedures on the • Total jet fuel consumption of the airline resultant emissions because of incomplete reported data; Original signed by (aircraft fuel consumption only); scientific knowledge. • evaluated the appropriateness of • Total CO2 emissions of the airline (aircraft quantification methods and reporting Jan van der Hilst emissions only); Scope and procedures performed policies used; • Fuel efficiency of the airline, in terms of We planned and performed our procedures in • assessed the data gap approach used, and volume per passenger kilometre, volume per accordance with Dutch Law and the International the methods used to estimate missing data; freight tonne-kilometre and volume per total Standard on Assurance Engagements (ISAE 3000) and tonne-kilometre (aircraft fuel consumption ‘Assurance engagements other than audits or • evaluated the overall format and only); reviews of historical financial information’. This presentation of the annual environmental • CO2 efficiency of the airline in terms of CO2 standard requires that we plan and perform our data, as presented in the Environmental weight per passenger kilometre, CO2 weight procedures to obtain reasonable assurance about Report 2012-2013 (including an evaluation per freight tonne-kilometre and kilograms whether the reported annual environmental data of the consistency of the information, in line CO2 per total tonne-kilometre (aircraft are free from material misstatement. with the above-mentioned reporting emissions only); criteria). • Percentage of aircraft compliant with the Reasonable assurance ICAO CAEP/6 Emissions Standards and This engagement is aimed at providing reasonable We believe that the evidence we have obtained is ICAO Chapter 4 Noise Standards; assurance. A reasonable assurance engagement sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for • Operational Fuel Efficiency Factor (OFEF). involves performing procedures to obtain our opinion. verification evidence about the reported All other information in the Environmental Report environmental data in the Emirates Group 2012-2013 was not subject to our engagement and Environmental Report 2012-2013. The procedures we do not report and do not opine on this selected depend on our judgement, including the information. assessment of the risks of material misstatement in the reported annual environmental data due to The Presidents of the Emirates Group are omissions, misrepresentations and errors. In ultimately responsible for the preparation and making those risk assessments, the verifier presentation of the Environmental Report 2012- considers internal controls relevant to the 2013. We are responsible for providing an company’s preparation and fair presentation of the assurance report on the reported annual reported annual environmental data in order to environmental data presented in the design verification procedures that are appropriate Environmental Report 2012-2013. in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the company’s internal controls regarding environmental reporting.

54 55 Three years of results

Fuel NOx

Emirates Airline Fuel Efficiency: All Fleet Metric Unit 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 NOx Emissions- Percentage below Regulatory Limits (CAEP/6 ) for Emirates Fleet (2010-11) -7.5 Emirates total NOx Emissions- Percentage below Regulatory Limits (CAEP/6 ) for Emirates Fleet (2011-12) -7.7 fuel consumption tonnes 5,619,791 6,145,434 7,125,216 NOx Emissions- Percentage below Regulatory Limits (CAEP/6 ) for Emirates Fleet (2012-13) -8.2 Emirates total passenger-kilometres flown PK 155,737,363,711 170,028,553,587 200,647,018,829 Emirates passenger fuel UHC Emissions Noise Emissions efficiency litres per 100PK 4.07 4.11 4.07 Emirates SkyCargo freight tonne-kilometres flown UHC Emissions - Percentage below Regulatory Limits Noise Factors using GCD in dBKm2/TK (freighters only) FTK 1,890,817,717 2,406,121,356 2,155,473,074 (ICAO CAEP/6) for Emirates Fleet Take-off Landing Emirates SkyCargo fuel 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2010-2011 2.63 0.74 6.6 efficiency (freighters only) litres per FTK 0.225 0.224 0.207 2011-2012 2.55 0.71 Emirates total 6.7 2012-2013 2.51 0.69 tonne-kilometres flown TK 23,639,925,398 25,152,742,704 29,249,878,870 Overall Emirates 6.8 fleet fuel efficiency litres per TK 0.30 0.3112 0.3103 6.9

7.0 Percentage

Operational Fuel Efficiency Factor (TK/L) 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 7.1 Fuel Efficiency (TK/L) 17.572 17.566 17.705 7.2

7.3

Fuel Jettison Events 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Technical Reasons 9 10 5 Medical Reasons 3 6 10 Water, waste and electricity

Environmental Reasons 2 2 0 Key Performance Indicator 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 UAE 2010 Total Events 14 18 15 Electricity use (kwh/head/day) 41.7 51.5 51.44 54 Jettisoned Fuel (tonnes) 306 338 590 Water use (litres/head/day) 358 318 344 970 Waste generation (kg/head/day) 6.8 7.2 8.5 4.2 Emissions Cargo CO2 Efficiency (gCO2/FTK) 570 560 CO2 Efficiency 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 550 Metric Emirates Emirates Emirates Emirates Emirates Passenger CO2 540 Group Group Group Group Group Efficiency (Dubai) (Dubai) (Dubai) (All sites) (All sites) (gCO2/100PK) 100.57 101.60 100.60 530 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2011-12 2012-13 Cargo CO2 520 Electricity – MWh 612,917 916,909 974,586.8 970,981 1,040,176.92 Efficiency 510 (gCO2/FTK) 556.00 555.00 511.20 Water – ML 5,267 5,668 6,520.4 6,091 7,338.1 500 Overall CO2 Total Waste – tonnes 100,984 127,707 161,137 148,981 168,236 Efficiency 490 (gCO2/TK) 0.749 0.770 0.767 480 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

Electricity Total Waste Passenger CO2 Efficiency (gCO2/100PK) Overall CO2 Efficiency (gCO2/TK) 1,200,000 180,000 102.5 0.78 160,000 1,000,000 102.0 140,000 0.77 120,000 101.5 800,000 100,000 101.0 600,000 0.76 Mwh 80,000 Tonnes 60,000 100.5 400,000 0.75 40,000 200,000 100.0 20,000 0 0.0 99.5 0.74 Emirates Group Emirates Group Emirates Group Emirates Group Emirates Group Emirates Group 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 (Dubai) 2010-11 (Dubai) 2011-12 (Dubai) 2012-13 (Dubai) 2010-11 (Dubai) 2011-12 (Dubai) 2012-13

56 57 Water 7000

6000

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4000 ML 3000

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0 Emirates Group Emirates Group Emirates Group (Dubai) 2010-11 (Dubai) 2011-12 (Dubai) 2012-13

Recycling

Waste Material Recycled by Quantity Recycled in Quantity Recycled in Quantity Recycled in the Emirates Group 2010-11 (tonnes) 2011-12 (tonnes) 1 2012-13 (tonnes) 2 Paper and Cardboard 3,601.00 3,226.40 3,258.89 Unspecified recycling not reported 1,346.25 6,385.43 Plastic - all types including plastic bottles and polycarbonate 697.80 380.58 174.30 Textiles, leather, carpet and used clothing 26.70 92.38 54.45 Cooking Oil 115.10 86.20 412.54 Steel - scrap and cans 30.20 80.17 40.43 Aluminium - foil, cans, aviation grade 2017A alloy 108.10 70.33 77.95 IT and e-Waste not reported 42.46 50.00 Glass not reported 2.51 230.40 Food not reported 2.20 12.30 Electric Motors 0.80 1.75 0.65 Cables 1.10 0.56 0.18 Total (tonnes) 4,580.80 5,331.78 10,697.52

1 includes Alpha Catering, top 12 outstations and 26 Emirates airport lounges 2 includes Alpha Catering, top 12 outstations and 29 Emirates airport lounges

Ground Operations

Total Fuel Consumption - Ground Operations Metric Emirates Emirates Emirates Emirates Emirates Group Group Group Group Group (Dubai) (Dubai) (Dubai) (All sites) (All sites) 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2011-12 2012-13 Diesel consumption – Ltr 24,460,932 23,334,072 34,880,348 25,144,459 36,731,277 Petrol consumption – Ltr 10,349,521 9,263,191 10,148,017 9,531,863 10,468,623 Total fuel consumption – Ltr – 32,597,263 45,028,365 34,873,922 47,199,900

CO2e Emissions by Scope

Sources Tonnes of CO2 e Emirates Group (Dubai) Emirates Group (All sites) 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2011-12 2012-13 Scope 1 Aviation fuel, 17,791,566 19,441,812.8 22,560,945.8 19,447,345 22,566,622 diesel, petrol and LPG consumption Scope 2 Electricity and 508,056 726,849.9 780,011 766,417.38 825,924 water consumption Scope 3 Waste to 100,984 127,707.3 161,137 148,981 168,236 landfill or incineration TOTAL 18,400,606 20,296,370 23,502,093.8 20,362,743.28 23,560,782

58 59 Glossary & References

Glossary L/100PK litres per 100 passenger kilometres L/FTK litres per freight tonne kilometre L/TK litres per tonne kilometre gCO2/PK grams of CO2 per passenger kilometre gCO2/FTK grams of CO2 per freight tonne kilometre kgCO2/TK kilograms of CO2 per tonne kilometre GHG Greenhouse Gas

NOx Nitrogen Oxides (NO+NO2) UHC unburnt Hydrocarbon EPNdB effective Perceived Noise in Decibels ICao international Civil Aviation Organisation CAEP Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection IATa international Air Transport Association GCAA General Civil Aviation Authority EU ETs european Union Emissions Trading Scheme ULr ultra Long Range LTO Cycle Landing and Take-Off Cycle ULD unit Loading Device DDCR Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve OFEF operation Fuel Efficiency Factor

References • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Fourth Assessment Report (AR4): Climate Change 2007, IPCC, 2007. • The Kyoto Protocol, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 2007. • Agreements from Conference of the Parties (COP16), Cancun, Mexico, UNFCCC, December 2010. • Resolution A37-19: Consolidated statement of continuing ICAO policies and practices related to environmental protection – Climate Change, ICAO General Assembly November 2010. • Convention on International Civil Aviation, United Nations, Chicago, 1944. • World Wildlife Fund, Living Planet Report, 2012. • A global approach to reducing aviation emissions, IATA, August 2009. • Directive 2008/101/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008, Official Journal of the European Union, 2008. • World Air Transport Statistics (WATS), 57th Edition, IATA, June 2013. • Report of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection, Sixth Meeting, Montréal, 2–12 February 2004 (Doc 9836, CAEP/6), ICAO, 2004.

60 Printed on 100% recycled paper

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