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PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF TWO FRESH WATER LAKES NEAR LAKHANI DIST. (M.S.)

Tichkule, G. C. and Bakare, S. S.* Research student, C. H. L. R. Department of Zoology, N. H. College, Bramhpuri, Dist. (M.S.) *Department of Zoology, Shri Dnyanesh Mahavidhyalaya, Nawargaon Dist. Chandrapur (M. S.) (Corresponding author - [email protected])

Abstract: The present investigation was aimed to irrigation project by government of observe the physico-chemical status of two lakes viz and situated in the periphery of 5 to 10 km of Rengepar (Kotha) and Purkabodi, near Lakhani. The Lakhani. As no previous work was done on these lakes are 24km towards East from district headquarter water bodies an attempt has been made to study Bhandara and situated on both side of NH-6, . The them. wild life sanctuary Nagzira and Koka are about 30 to 40 km from Lakhani. The study was carried out for a year Materials and Methods: from October 2013 to September 2014. Various physico- Water samples were collected in the morning hours chemical parameters such as temperature, turbidity, from the selected sites of the lakes monthly in H electrical conductivity, P , dissolved oxygen, free CO2, plastic cans of 2lit. capacity and immediately Biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen brought to the laboratory for the analysis. The Demand were analyzed by using standard methods. This paper highlights the condition of both lake waters recorded data was analyzed for winter, summer and throughout the year with respect to the parameters monsoon seasons. The results were calculated as mentioned above. per the standard methods of APHA (1995) and Trivedi and Goel(1984). Key Words: physic-chemical status, fresh water Result and Discussion: lakes, Lakhani. Atmospheric Temperature- Introduction: Water is a scarce and valuable Temperature is one of the most important factors in natural resource available to mankind. Water is of prime importance not only for survival of human an aquatic environment. In fact, it is possible that beings but also for animals, plants and all other no other single factor has so many profound influences and so many direct and indirect effects. living organisms. The local water bodies are used for multiple purposes like drinking , fish culture, The response to the major changes in air irrigation, domestic use , washing clothes and temperatures is a very deliberate one. Water temperatures always lag far behind the larger animals etc. Due to uncontrolled urbanization, environmental degradation has been occurring very changes of air temperatures (Welch, 1952). The rapidly causing depletion of aquatic biota (Veena et atmospheric temperature was always found higher than the water temperature. At both the sampling al., 2016). Therefore there is a need to check the water quality regularly and then control the sites minimum temperature was recorded in winter contamination of water which causes water borne and maximum in summer season which was fluctuated between 24.5 to 43.9 ⁰C and 23.2 to 43.6 diseases. in Rengepar lake and Purkabodi lake respectively. The Rengepar (Kotha) lake (21⁰7’6”N, Similar results were reported by Harney (2010) in 79⁰49’40”E) and Purkabodi lake(20⁰59’38”N, three water bodies near Bhadrawati. 79⁰47’35”E) both were constructed as a part of

MONTHLY VARIATION IN ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE 60

40

20 rengepar

0 purkabodi

DEGREE DEGREE CELCIUS Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

Temperature of water- All the metabolic and physiological activities of life processes are greatly influenced by water temperature. Water temperature is important for calculating the solubility of oxygen and carbon dioxide and bicarbonate and

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carbonate equilibrium (Hutchinson, 1957).Observed variations in the water temperature were closely related to the changes in atmospheric temperature. Maximum water temperature was recorded during summer 31.1⁰C and 29.6⁰C and minimum 21.2⁰C and 21.2⁰C during winter season in the Rengepar and Purkabodi lakes respectively. Similar trends were observed by Ghule and Halwe (2016). MONTHLY VARIATION IN WATER TEMPERATURE

40 30 20 rengepar 10 purkabodi

DEGREE DEGREE CELCIUS 0 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

PH that maintain the acidic or basic property, is a vital characteristic of any aquatic ecosystem since all the biochemical activities and retention of physico-chemical attributes of the water greatly depend on pH of the surrounding water (Jalal and Sanal Kumar, 2013) . In the present investigation PH values fluctuated between 7.3 to 8.2 and 7.2 to 8 in Rengepar and Purkabodi lakes respectively. Maximum PH was recorded during summer season at both the lakes and minimum PH was recorded during winter season at Purkabodi lake. Similar results were reported by Dahegaonkar(2015) in Zarpat river, Chandrapur, Maharashtra, and Patil (2014) in Birnar water body of Sangali, Maharashtra. MONTHLY VARIATION IN PH 9 8 rengepar 7 purkabodi 6 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

Turbidity Turbidity is the reduction of clarity in the water due to the presence of suspended or colloidal particles. Turbidity is measured by the amount of light reflected by the particles. It is an indicator for the general condition of the water. In the present investigation values of turbidity varies from 13.6 to 42.2 NTU and 25.6 to 36 NTU in Rengepar and Purkabodi lakes respectively. Maximum turbidity was recorded in monsoon and minimum during winter. These results are well in agreement with those of Samrat et al., (2012) in Harsul Dam Aurangabad , Maharashtra and Rathod and Kakde (2016) in Mun Dam of Buldhana, Maharashtra.

MONTHLY VARIATION IN TURBIDITY 60

40

rengepar NTU 20 purkabodi 0 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY Electrical conductivity is an index to represent total concentration of soluble salts in water (Purandara et al., 2005). Conductivity of water in Rengepar lake fluctuated between 63 µmhos/cm to103 µmhos/cm and 60 µmhos/cm to 109 µmhos/cm in Purkabodi lake. In the present investigation maximum conductivity was

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recorded in summer and minimum in monsoon season. Similar results were reported by Rewatkar et al., (2015) in the Waingaga river, , Dist, . MONTHLY VARIATION IN ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY

150

100 rengepar

50 purkabodi µmhos/cm

0 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

FREE CO2 Free CO2 plays an important role in the life of micro organisms and plants hence it is one of the essential component of aquatic ecosystem. The free CO2 of any aquatic ecosystem is one of the best indexes to understand the quality of water. In the present study, value of CO2 ranges between 0.0 to 7.04 mg/lit. in Rengepar lake and 0.0 to 7.74 mg/lit in Purkabodi lake. The maximum value of CO2 was recorded in summer and minimum in monsoon season. This finding is in conformity with Bhandarkar and Bhandarkar (2013) in fresh water lotic ecosystems,of .

MONTHLY VARIATION IN CO2

10

5 rengepar mg/lit purkabodi 0 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

DISSOLVED OXYGEN Oxygen is easily soluble in water which diffuses mainly from the air and through photosynthetic activity of aquatic autotrophs. Amount of oxygen that dissolve in water from the air depend on factors like temperature, salinity and density of phytoplanktons. In the present study the values of dissolved oxygen fluctuates between 5.4 to 7.2 mg/lit. in Rengepar lake and 4.1 to 7.2 in Purkabodi lake. Maximum value of dissolved oxygen was reported during winter and minimum during monsoon season. Similar trends were also reported by Ghule and Halwe (2016) in Mohagavan lake, Karanja.

MONTHLY VARIATION IN DO

10

5 rengepar mg/lit purkabodi 0 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND The B.O.D. is a direct measure of O2 requirement and indirect measure of biodegradable organic matter. B.O.D. indicates the nature and extent of pollution and also about the water quality. B.O.D. values recorded in the present study fluctuated between 2.8 to 5.2mg/lit in Rengepar lake and 3.2 to 4.0 in the Purkabodi lake. Seasonally maximum B.O.D. value was recorded during summer season and minimum in winter season. These results were well in agreement with Bawane (2013) in Waghala lake , Aurangabad.

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MONTHLY VARIATION IN BOD 6

4 rengepar

mg/lit 2 purkabodi 0 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND Chemical Oxygen Demand (C.O.D.) is a measure of the oxidation of reduced chemicals in water. It is commonly used to indirectly measure the amount of organic compounds in water, Kumar et al., (2011). In the present investigation the COD values fluctuated between 8 to 17mg/lit in Rengepar lake and 13 to 20mg/lit in Purkabodi lake. COD values are always greater than BOD values. Seasonal averages of COD values disclose variations in all the three seasons. It was found higher during summer and lower during winter. Similar observations were made by Rewatkar et al.,(2015) in .

MONTHLY VARIATION IN COD 30 20 rengepar

mg/lit 10 purkabodi 0 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

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