Ahmedabad city general knowledge pdf

Continue July 3, 2020 On July 2, 2020, the Drug Controller General of (DCGI) has given approval for human clinical trials to based Cadila Healthcare Limited (Zydus Healthcare). The condition applies to phase I and Phase II clinical studies of the vaccine. Zydus Healthcare's COVID-19 vaccine will be the 2nd Indigenously developed vaccine to get permission from Read More... Tags: Ahmedabad • Bharat Biotech Limited • COVAXIN Vaccine • COVID-19 • Dr. V.K. Somani June 28, 2019 A letter of intent (LoI) was exchanged between Ahmedabad and the Japanese city of Kobe for a sister city partnership. The LoI was exchanged in the presence of Indian Prime Minister , who visited Kobe to address a major Indian diaspora event. Key Highlights Authorities from the Japanese city of Kobe exchanged letter of intent (LoI) with Read More... Tags: Ahmedabad • Ahmedabad-Kobe Sister City Partnership • Bullet Train • Hyogo • Hyogo Prefecture March 7, 2019 Swachh Survekshan Awards given by the Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs based on the survey that covered all urban local bodies in the country. The survey was the largest survey on cleanliness in the world. Swachh Survekshan Awards 2019 Indore was sentenced to India's cleanest city for the third year in a row. The second Read more ... Tags: Ahmedabad • Ambikapur • Best Ganga Town • Bhopal • Chhattisgarh February 19, 2019 Union Interior Minister Rajnath Singh and Minister for Women and Child Development, Smt. Maneka Sanjay Gandhi launched the Investigation Tracking System for Sexual Offences (ITSSO) and the Safe City Implementation Monitoring Portal as part of the Initiatives for Women's Safety. Investigation Tracking System for Sexual Offences (ITSSO) Investigation Tracking System for Sexual Offences (ITSSO) is an online Read More... 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Ahmedabad, GujaratAdarsh Law HouseVerified SupplierSt Bus Stand, Ahmedabad 109 Go Centre Opp Akulkar Guest House,Nr. Neelkanth Guest House, St Bus Stand, Ahmedabad - 380001, Dist. Ahmedabad, GujaratDivine PublicationsAhmedabad No. 30, 2nd floor, Krishna Complex, Old Model Cinema, Gandhi Road, Ahmedabad - 380001, Dist Ahmedabad, GujaratJC EquipmentsDerasar, Ahmedabad 6, HK complex, near Dharnidhar, Derasar, Derasar, Ahmedabad - 380007, Dist. Ahmedabad, Gujarat H&H TradersAhmedabad A2-210 , Makarba, Ahmedabad - 380054, Dist. Ahmedabad, GujaratBrahmakumaris AshramAhmedabad Sukc- Shanti Bhawan, Opposite Gamdiwala Diary, Near Bhulabhai Road, Kankariya, Ahmedabad - 307510, Dist. Ahmedabad, Gujarat This article is about the city in Gujarat, India. For other places, see Ahmadabad (disambiguation). Metropolis in Gujarat, IndiaAhmedabadAmdavadMetropolisUrsol from top left: Ashram, Hutheesing Temple, Stadium, , Kankaria LakeAhmedabadLocation of Ahmedabad in GujaratView map of GujaratAhmedabadAhmedabad (India)View map of IndiaCoordinates: 23°02′N 72°35′E / 23.03°N 72.58°E / 23.03; 72.58Coordinates: 23°02′N 72°35′E / 23.03°N 72.58°E / 23.03; 72.58Country IndiaStateGujaratDistrictAhmedabadEstablishment in 11th century as Ashawal on 26 February 1411 as Ahmedabad Government • TypeMayor–Council • BodyAMC • MayorBijal Patel (BJP)[1] • Deputy MayorDinesh Makwana[2] • Municipal CommissionerShri Mukesh Kumar, IAS[3] • Police CommissionerAshish Bhatia [4]Area[5] • Metropolis464.16 km2 (179.21 sq mi) • Urban[6]1,866 km2 (720 sq mi)Area rank1st in GujaratElevation[7]53 m (174 ft)Population (2011)[8] • Metropolis5,633,92 7 • Rank5th • Density12,000/km2 (31,000/sq mi) • Urban[9]6,357,693Demonym(s)AhmedabadAmdavadi (Gujarati)Language • OfficialGujarati • Additional officialHindi and EnglishTime zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)Pincode(s)3 80 0XXArea code(s)079Vehicle registrationGJ-01 (west), GJ-27 (East), GJ-38 Bavla (Rural)[10]Sex ratio1.11[11] ♂/♀Literacy rate89.62[8]Metropolis GDP/PPP$64 billionWebsiteahmedabadcity.gov.inSource: Of Census. [12] Ahmedabad (/ˈəhmədːbːd/ (listen), pronounced as Amdavad in Gujarati[13]) is the largest city and former capital of the Indian state Gujarat. It is the administrative headquarters of the and the seat of the Gujarat High Court. Ahmedabad's population of 5,633,927 (as per the 2011 census) makes it the fifth most populous city in India,[8] and the large urban population estimated at 6,357,693 is the seventh most populous population in India. [14] Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the , 23 km (14 mi) from the state capital Gandhinagar, its twin city. [16] Ahmedabad has emerged as an important economic and industrial hub in India. It is the second largest producer of cotton in India, and its stock exchange is the country's second oldest. Cricket is a popular sport in Ahmedabad. A newly built Sardar Patel Stadium on Motera seats 110,000 spectators. The effects of the liberalisation of the Indian economy have energized the city's economy towards tertiary activities such as trade, communications and construction. [17] Ahmedabad's growing population has resulted in an increase in and housing industry resulting in the latest development of skyscrapers. [18] In 2010, Ahmedabad came third in Forbes' list of the fastest growing cities of the decade. [19] In 2012, The Times of India chose Ahmedabad as India's best city to live in.[20] As of 2017, Ahmedabad's estimated gross domestic product was $68 billion (PPP dollars). [21] Ahmedabad has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Government of India's flagship Smart Cities Mission. [22] In July 2017, the historic city of Ahmedabad or Old Ahmedabad was declared India's first UNESCO World Heritage City. [23] History Main article: Ahmedabad's history The area around Ahmedabad has been inhabited since the 11th century, when it was known as . [24] At that time, Karna, the Chaulukya (Solanki) ruler of Anhilwara (modern Patan), waged a successful war against the Bhil King of Ashaval,[25] and established a town called Karnavati on the shores of Sabarmati. [26] The Solanki regime lasted until the 13th century, when Gujarat came under the control of the dholka. Gujarat subsequently came under the control of the in the 14th century. But in the earlier 15th century, the local Muslim governor Zafar Khan Muzaffar established his independence from the Delhi Sultanate and crowned himself sultan of Gujarat as Muzaffar Shah I, thereby founding the Muzaffarid dynasty. [27] This area finally came under the control of his grandson Sultan Ahmed Shah in 1411 A.D. while on the banks of Sabarmati liked the forested area for a new capital city and laid the foundation of a new walled city near Karnavati and named it Ahmedabad after the four saints in the area by the name Ahmed. [28] According to other sources, he named it after himself. [29] Ahmed Shah I laid the foundation for the city on February 26, 1411[31] (1:20 p.m., Thursday, the second day of Dhu al-Qi'dah, Hijri in 813[32]) at Manek Burj. He chose it as the new capital on March 4, 1411. [33] The city walls of Ahmedabad, in 1866 In 1887, Mahmud Begada, grandson of Ahmed Shah, fortified the city with an outer wall of 10 km (6.2 mi) in circumference and consisting of twelve gates, 189 bastions and over 6,000 battle walls. [34] In 1535, occupied Ahmedabad shortly after conquering the Champans when the ruler of Gujarat, Bahadur Shah, fled to Diu. [35] Ahmedabad was then reoccupied by the Muzaffarid dynasty until 1573, when Gujarat was conquered by the Mughal emperor . During the Mughal reign, Ahmedabad became one of the empire's thriving trading centers, mainly in textiles, which were exported as far as Europe. The Mughal ruler Shahjahan spent the prime of his life in the city, sponsoring the construction of the Moti Shahi Mahal in . The Crimean famine of 1630–32 affected the city, as did the famine of 1650 and 1686. [36] Ahmedabad remained provincial headquarters mughals to 1758, when they surrendered the city to Marathas. [37] During the period of the Empire steering, the city became the center of a conflict between the of Poona and Gaekwaden of Baroda. [38] In 1780, during the first Anglo-Maratha War, Ahmedabad stormed and captured a British force under James Hartley, but it was returned to Marathas at the end of the war. The British took over the city in 1818 during the Third Anglo-Maratha War. [28] A military cantoning was formed in 1824 and a municipal government in 1858. [28] Incorporated into the under British rule, Ahmedabad became one of the most important cities in the Gujarat region. In 1864, a railway link between Ahmedabad and (then Bombay) was established by the Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway (BB&AMP)), which enables traffic and trade between northern and southern India via the city. [28] Over time, the city established itself as the home of a developing textile industry, which nicknamed Manchester in the East. [39] Ahmedabad and its surroundings, circa 1914 The Indian independence movement developed roots in the city when established two ashrams – near in 1915 and Satyagraha Ashram (now ) at sabarmati Ashram's banks in 1917 – which would become the center of nationalist activity. [28] During the mass protests against the Rowlatt Act of 1919, textile workers burned down 51 government buildings across the city in protest at a British attempt to extend wartime provisions after World War I. In the 1920s, textile workers and teachers went on strike and demanded civil rights and better wages and working conditions. In 1930, Gandhi initiated salt satyagraha from Ahmedabad by leaving his ashram on the Dandi . The city's administration and economic institutions were deactivated in the early 1930s by the large number of people who took to the streets in peaceful protests, and again in 1942 during the Quit India Movement. After the independence and partition of India in 1947, the city was scarred by the intense municipal violence that erupted between Hindus and Muslims in 1947, Ahmedabad was the focus of the settlement of Hindu migrants from Pakistan,[41] which expanded the city's population and transformed its demographics and economy. By 1960, Ahmedabad had become a metropolis with a population of just under half a million people, with classic and colonial European-style buildings lining the city's thoroughfares. [42] It was elected as the capital of gujarat state after the partition of bombay state on May 1, 1960. [43] During this period, a large number of educational and research institutions were founded in the city, making it a centre for higher education, science and Ahmedabad's economic base became more diverse with the establishment of heavy and chemical industries during the same period. Many countries tried to emulate India's economic planning strategy and one of them, South Korea, copied the city's second five-year plan. [citation needed] Sabarmati Ashram, established by Mahatma Gandhi In the late 1970s, the capital was moved to the newly built, well-planned city of Gandhinagar. This marked the beginning of a long period of decline in the city, marked by a lack of development. The 1974 Nav Nirman agitation – a protest against a 20% hike in the hostel food fees at the LD College of Engineering in Ahmedabad – snowballed in a move to remove Chimanbhai Patel, then chief minister of Gujarat. [45] In the 1980s, a reservation policy was introduced in the country, leading to protests against reservations in 1981 and 1985. The protests witnessed violent clashes between people belonging to different castes. [46] The city suffered some of the impact of the 2001 Gujarat earthquake; up to 50 blocks of flats collapsed, killing 752 people and causing a lot of damage. [47] The following year, a three-day period of violence between Hindus and Muslims spread in the western Indian state of Gujarat, known as the 2002 Gujarat riot, to Ahmedabad; refugee camps were set up around the city. [48] The Ahmedabad bombings in 2008, a series of seventeen bombings, killed and injured several people. [49] The militant group Harkat-ul-Jihad claimed responsibility for the attacks. [50] Other than New Delhi, Ahmedabad is a rare city in India to host premiers of major economies such as the United States, China and Canada. On February 24, 2020, President Trump became the first POTUS to visit the city. In the past, President Xi Jinping and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau have also visited the city of Ahmedabad. [51] [52] [53] Demographics Population growth of Ahmedabad Census %± 1871116,900—1901185,900—1911216,80016.6%19212 70,00024.65%1931313,80016.2%1941595,20089.7%1951788,30032.4%19611.1 49,90045.9% 19711 950 00069,6%19812 515 20029,0 %19913 312 20031,7 %20014 525 0 1336 20115 633 92724,5 %sources:[8][54] At the 2011 Indian Census, Ahmedabad had a population of 5,633,927, making it the fifth most populous city in India. [8] Urban agglomeration centered on Ahmedabad, then having a population of 6,357,693, now estimated at 7,650,000, is the seventh most populous urban agglomeration in India. [14] [15] The city had a literacy rate of 89.62%; 93.96% of the men and 84.81% of the women were literate. [8] Ahmedabad's gender distribution in 2011 was 897 women per 1,000 men. [8] According to the census for the ninth plan, there are 30,737 rural families living in Ahmedabad. Of these, 5.41% (1663 families) live below the poverty line. [55] Approximately 440,000 people live in slums within the city. [56] In 2008, there were 2273 registered lives in Ahmedabad. [57] In 2010, Forbes magazine ranked Ahmedabad as the fastest growing city in India, listing it as the third fastest growing in the world after the Chinese cities of Chengdu and Chongqing. [58] In 2011, it was awarded a class for India's best megacity to live in by leading market research firm IMRB. [59] According to the 2003 Report of the National Crime Register Office (NCRB), Ahmedabad has the lowest crime rate in the 35 Indian cities with a population of more than one million. [60] In December 2011, market research firm IMRB declared Ahmedabad the best megacity to live in, compared to India's other megacities. [61] Slightly less than half of all properties in Ahmedabad are owned by community organizations (i.e. cooperatives), and according to Vrajlal Sapovadia, a professor at the B.K. School of Business Management, the city's spatial growth is to [an] extent [a] contribution from these organizations. [62] provides residential zones for Indian army officials. [63] Ahmedabad's 2020 population is now estimated at 8,059,441. In 1950, the population of Ahmedabad was 854,959. Ahmedabad has grown by 950,155 since 2015, representing an annual change of 2.54%. [64] Poverty In the mid- 1970s and early 1980s, the textile factories that accounted for much of Ahmedabad's wealth met competition from automation and from domestic specialty looms. Several prominent mills closed down, leaving between 40,000 and 50,000 people without a source of income, and many moved into informal settlements in the city center. At the same time, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC), the governing and administrative body of the city, lost much of its tax base and saw an increase in demand for services. In the 1990s, new emerging pharmaceuticals, chemical and car manufacturing required skilled labor, so many immigrants looking for work ended up in the informal sector and settled in the slums. [65] Ahmedabad has been relatively successful in its efforts to reduce poverty and improve living conditions for poor residents. The poverty rate in cities has fallen from 28% in 1993-1994 to 10% in 2011-12. [65] This is partly due to the strengthening of the AMC and its partnership with several civil society (CSOs) organisations representing poor residents. Through several projects and programs (see below), AMC has provided tools and basic services to slums. However, there are challenges that remain, and there are still many residents who lack access to sanitation, better water and electricity. Riots, often rooted in religious tensions, threaten the stability of neighborhoods and have caused spatial segregation across religious and caste lines. Finally, the perception of a pro-poor, inclusive development of a national initiative promoting the creation of global cities is overshadowed by technical and technical This has shifted priorities towards building new homes and attracting private development instead of serving the urban poor. [65] Informal Housing/Slums As of 2011, about 66% of the population lives in formal housing. The other 34% live in slums or chawls, which are apartment buildings for industrial workers. There are about 700 slum settlements in Ahmedabad, and 11% of the total housing stock is public housing. The population of Ahmedabad has increased while the housing stock has remained largely constant, and this has led to densification of both formal and informal housing and a more economic use of existing space. The Indian census estimates that the Ahmedabad slum population was 25.6% of the total population in 1991 and decreased to 4.5% in 2011, but these figures are disputed and local units claim that the census underestimates informal populations. There is agreement that there has been a decrease in the proportion of the population living in slum settlements, and a general improvement in the living conditions of slum dwellers. [65] Slum Networking Project In the 1990s, AMC encountered increased slum populations. They found that residents were willing and able to pay for legal connections to water, sewerage and electricity, but due to tenure issues they were paying higher prices for low-quality, informal connections. To address this, starting in 1995, The AMC partnered with civil society organisations to create the Slum Networking Project (SNP) to improve basic services in 60 slums, benefiting about 13,000 households. [65] This project, also known as Parivartan (Change), involved participatory planning in which slum dwellers were partners alongside AMC, private institutions, microfinance lenders and local NGOs. The aim of the programme was to provide both physical infrastructure (including water supply, sewerage, individual toilets, paved roads, stormwater drainage, and tree planting) and community development (i.e. the formation of resident associations, women's groups, Community health interventions, and vocational training). [66] In addition, participating households were granted a minimum period of 10 years of a minimum period of 10 years. The project cost a total of Rs. 4350 million. Community members and the private sector each contributed Rs. 600 million, NGOs such as Rs. 90 million, and AMC paid for the rest of the project. [66] Each slum household accounted for a maximum of 12% of the cost of upgrading their home. [65] This project has generally been regarded as a success. Having access to basic services increased the working hours of residents, as most worked outside their homes. It also reduced the incidence of disease, especially waterborne diseases, and increased children's schooling. [67] The SNP received the 2006 UNHABITAT Dubai Award for Best Practices for Improving the Living However, concerns remain about the Community's responsibility and capacity for the maintenance of the new infrastructure. In addition, confidence weakened when AMC demolished two of the slums that were upgraded as part of the SNP to create leisure parks. [65] Religion and Ethnicity Religions in Ahmedabad City (2011)[69] Religion Percent Hinduism 81.56% 13.51% Jainism 3.62% Christianity 0.85% Sikhism 0.24% Other or not listed 0.24% According to the 2011 census, Hindus are the dominant religious community in the city comprising 81.56% of the population followed by Muslims (13.51%), Jains (3.62%), Christians (0.85%) and Sikhs (0.24%).[ 69] Buddhists, people who follow other religions and those who do not state any religion make up the rest. Its (Marian) cathedral of Our Wife of Mount Carmel is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ahmedabad (Latin Rite; established 1949), a suffragan of the metropolitan of Gandhinagar. [70] Ahmedabad is home to a large population of Vanias (i.e. traders), belonging to the Vaishnava sect of Hinduism and various sects of Jainism. Most of the inhabitants of Ahmedabad are native Gujaratis. The city is home to about 2,000 Parsis and about 125 members of the Bene Israel Jewish community. [71] There is also a synagogue in the city. [72] [73] Geography Main article: 19th century painted cloth map of Ahmedabad Ahmedabad lies at 23°02 N 72°35′ E / 23.03°N 72.58°E / 23.03; 72.58 in western India at 53 meters (174 ft) above sea level on the banks of the Sabarmati River, in north central Gujarat. It covers an area of 464 km2 (179 sq mi). [5] Sabarmatien often dried up in the summer, leaving only a small stream of water, and the city is located in a sandy and dry area. But with the performance of the Sabarmati River Front Project and Embankment, the waters from the Narmada River have been diverted to Sabarmati to keep the river flowing throughout the year, eliminating ahmedabad water problems. The steady expansion of Rann of Kutch threatened to increase desertification around the urban area and much of the state; however, the network is expected to alleviate this problem. With the exception of the small hills of Thaltej-Jodhpur Tekra, the city is almost flat. Three lakes lie within the city limits—Kankaria, and Chandola. Kankaria is an artificial lake developed by the Sultan of Gujarat, Qutb-ud-din, in 1451. [74] According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, the city falls under seismic zone 3, on a scale of 2 to 5 (in order for increasing vulnerability to earthquakes). [75] Ahmedabad is divided by Sabarmatien into two physically distinct eastern and western regions. The eastern bank of the river houses the old town, which includes the central city of Bhadra. This part of the characterized by packed bazaars, the pol system with closely grouped buildings, and many places of worship. [76] A Pol (pronounced as pole) is a housing cluster that includes many families in a particular group, linked by caste, profession or religion. [77] This is a list of Pols in the ancient walled city[77] over Ahmedabad in Gujarat, India. Heritage of these Pols[79] has helped Ahmedabad to gain a place on UNESCO's Tentative Lists, in selection criteria II, III and IV. [80] The Secretary-General of the EuroIndia Center quoted that if 12000 homes of Ahmedabad are restored they could be very helpful in promoting heritage tourism and its allied businesses. [81] Art reverie in Moto Sutharvado is Res Artis center. The first pole in Ahmedabad was named Mahurat Pol.[82] The old city also houses the main railway station, the main post office, and some buildings of muzaffariden and british eras. The colonial period saw the expansion of the city to the west side of Sabarmati, which is facilitated by the construction of the in 1875 and later the relatively modern . The western part of the city houses educational institutions, modern buildings, residential areas, shopping malls, multiplexes and new business districts centered around roads like Ashram Road, C. G. Road and the -Gandhinagar Highway. [83] There are nine bridges on the River Sabarmati connecting the eastern and western regions. Sabarmati Riverfront is a water developed along the banks of the Sabarmati River in Ahmedabad, India. Proposed in the 1960s, construction began in 2005 Climate Ahmedabad has a warm, semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSh), with marginally less rainfall than required for a tropical savannah climate. There are three main seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. Apart from the monsoon season, the climate is extremely dry. The weather is warm from March to June; the average summer maximum is 43 °C, and the average minimum level is 24 °C. From November to February, the average maximum temperature is 30 °C, the average minimum is 13 °C, and the climate is extremely dry. Cold northerly winds are behind a mild cold in January. The southwestern monsoon provides a humid climate from mid-June to mid-September. The average annual rainfall is about 800 millimeters (31 in), but rarely heavy downpours cause local rivers to flood and it is not uncommon for droughts to occur when the monsoon does not extend as far west as usual. The highest temperature in the city was recorded on 18 and 19 May 2016 which was 50 °C. [84] Climate data for Ahmedabad (1981-2010) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Jul Nov Dec Dec year record high °C (°F) 36.1(97 40.6(105.1) 43.9(111.0) 46.2(115.2) 50.0(115.2) 50.0(116.2) 50.0(115.2) 50.0(115.2) 50.0(115.2) 50.0(115.2) 50.0(115.2) 50. 122.0) 47.2(117.0) 42.2(108.0) 40.4(104.7) 41..2 7(107.1) 42.8(109.0) 38.9(102.0) 35.6(96.1) 35.6(96.1) Average high °C (°F) 28.1(82.6) 30.8(87.4) 35.8(96.4) 39.6(103.3) 41.6(106.9) 38.8(101.8) 33.6(92.5) 32.0(89.6) 33.8(92.8) 35.7(96.3) 32.9(91.2) 29.5(85.1) 34.3(93.8) Daily mean °C (°F) 20.2(68.4) 22.5(72.5) 27.6(81.7) 31.7(7 89.1) 34.3(93.7) 33.1(91.6) 29.7(85.5) 28.5(83.3) 29.2(84.6) 28.5(83.3) 24.8(76.6) 21.4(70.5) 27.6(81 .7) Average low °C (°F) 12.4(54.3) 14.3(57.7) 19.5(67.1) 23.9(75.0) 27.0(80.6) 27.5(81.5) 25.9(78.6) 25.0(77.0) 24.7(76.5) 21.4(70.5) 16.7(62.1) 13.4(56.1) 21.0(69.8) Record low °C (°F) 3.3(37.9) 2.2(36.0) 9.4(48.9) 1 2.8(55.0) 19.1(66.4) 19.4(66.9) 20.4(68.7) 21.2(70.2) 17.2(63.0) 12.6(54.7) 8.3(46.9) 3.6(38.6 5) 2.2(36.0) Average rainfall mm (inches) 1.0(0.04) 0.8(0.03) 0.6(0.02) 2.4(0.09) 7.0(0.28) 80.0(3.15) 291.2(11.46) 2 66.2(10.48) 86.8(3.42) 11.7(0.46) 2.3(0.09) 1.0(0.04) 751(29.56) Average rainy days 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.6 3.9 11.5 10.7 5.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 33.7 Average relative humidity (%) 49 43 37 41 47 62 77 81 71 53 48 50 55 Average monthly sunshine hours 287.3 274.3 277.5 297.2 329.6 238.3 130.1 111.4 220.6 290.1 7 274.1 2 88.6 3 019.7 Source 1: India Meteorological Department (record high and low until 2010)[85][86] Source 2: NOAA (sun and humidity 1971-1990),[87] IEM ASOS (May record high)[88] After a heat wave in May 2010 , which reached 46.8°C (116.2°F), which claimed hundreds of lives,[89] Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) in collaboration with an international coalition of health groups and with support from the Climate & Development Knowledge Network, the Ahmedabad Heat Action Plan developed. [90] Aimed at raising awareness, sharing information and coordinating responses to reduce the health effects of heat on vulnerable populations, the Action Plan is the first comprehensive plan in Asia to address the threat of adverse heat on health. [91] It also focuses on community participation, building public awareness of the risks of extreme heat, training medical and community workers to respond to and help prevent heat-related illnesses, and coordinating an interagency rescue operation when heat waves hit. [92] Cityscape Birds eye view Ahmedabad old town Early in Ahmedabad's history, under Ahmed Shah, builders fused Hindu crafts with Persian architecture, giving rise to indo-saracenic style. [93] Many mosques in the city were built in this way. [93] The Sidi Saiyyed Mosque was built in the last years of the Sultanate of Gujarat. It is completely arched and has ten stone lattice windows or jali on the side and rear arches. Private mansions or haveli from this time have carvings. [77] A Pol is a typical residential cluster of Old Ahmedabad. After independence, modern buildings appeared in Ahmedabad. Architects commissioned in the city included Louis Kahn, who designed IIM-A; , who designed Shodhan and Sarabhai Villas, and Mill Owner's Association Building, and Frank Lloyd Wright, who designed the administrative building of Calico Mills and . [94] B. V. Doshi came to the city from Paris to supervise Le Corbusier's work and later set up the School of Architecture. His local works include Sangath, and the School of Architecture. Charles Correa, who became a partner of Doshi's, designed Gandhi Ashram and Achyut Kanvinde, and the Indian Textile Industries Research Association. [96] Christopher Charles Benninger's first work, Alliance Française, is located in the Ellis Bridge area. [98] Anant Raje designed major additions to Louis Kahn's IIM-A campus, namely the Ravi Mathai Auditorium and KLMD. [99] Sabarmati Riverfront Some of the most visited gardens in the city include , Victoria Garden and Bal Vatika. Law Garden was named after the College of Law is close to it. Victoria Garden is located on the southern edge of and contains a statue of Queen Victoria. Bal Vatika is a children's park located on the grounds of Lake Kankaria and also houses an amusement park. Other gardens in the city include Parimal Garden, Garden, Prahlad Nagar Garden and Lal Darwaja Garden. [100] Ahmedabad's Kamla Nehru Zoological Park houses a number of endangered species, including flamingos, karakals, Asian wolves, and chinkara. [101] Lake Kankaria, Ahmedabad Lake Kankaria, built in 1451 e.Kr., is one of the largest lakes in Ahmedabad. [102] In previous days, it was known as Qutub Hoj or Hauj-e-Kutub. [103] Lake Lal Bahadur Shastri in is nearly 136,000 square meters. In 2010, a further 34 lakes were planned in and around Ahmedabad, of which five lakes will be developed by AMC; the other 29 will be developed by the Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA). [104] is a small man-made lake located in the western part of Ahmedabad. Embellished by local authorities in 2002, it is surrounded by greenery and paved walkways and has become a popular leisure spot for citizens. [105] The covers an area of 1200 hectares. It is home to joints, painted storks and spoonbills. [106] During the evening, many people visit this place and take a leisurely walk. [107] There is a newly developed Naroda Lake[108] and the world's largest collection of antique cars in KathWada on IB farm (Dastan Farm). [109] AMC has also developed the Sabarmati Riverfront. [110] Looking at the health of traffic police personnel deployed near the Pirana dump site, will install outdoor air purifiers at traffic points so that the deployed personnel can breathe fresh air. [111] The Civil Administration Gujarat High Court in Ahmedabad Ahmedabad is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district, administered by the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC). AMC was established July 1950 under The Provincial Corporation Act for Bombay of 1949. The AMC Commissioner is an Indian administrative official appointed by the State Government who reserves the administrative executive powers, while the company is headed by the mayor of Ahmedabad. The townspeople elect the 192 municipal councillors by popular vote, and the elected councillors elect the deputy mayor and mayor of the city. The current mayor, Bijal Patel, was appointed on June 14, 2018. [1] AMC's administrative responsibilities are: water and sewage services, primary education, health services, fire services, public transport and the city's infrastructure. [5] AMC was ranked 9th out of 21 cities for the Best governance & administrative practices in India in 2014. It received 3.4 out of 10 compared to the national average of 3.3. [112] Ahmedabad records two accidents per hour. [113] The city is divided into six zones comprise 64 parishes. Ahmedabad district is divided into a number of talukas (administrative divisions) including Ahmedabad taluka Barwala, Dholka, Dhandhuka, , Sanand, Bavla, Ranpur, Mandal, Viramgam and Daskroi. [114] The city's urban and suburban areas are administered by the Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA). The city is represented by two elected MPs in Lok Sabha (Lower House of indian parliament) and 21 members of the legislative assembly of Gujarat Vidhan Sabha. Gujarat High Court is located in Ahmedabad, making it the legal capital of Gujarat. [115] Law enforcement and public security are maintained by Ahmedabad City Police, led by the Police Commissioner, an Indian Police (IPS) officer. [116] Public services Health services are primarily provided at Ahmedabad Civilian Hospital, the largest civilian hospital in Asia. [117] Ahmedabad is one of the few cities in India where the power sector is privatized. [118] Electricity in the city is generated and distributed by Torrent Power Limited, which is owned and operated by Ahmedabad Electricity Company, which was formerly a state-owned company. [119] Culture Main article: Culture of Ahmedabad Navaratri celebrations in Ahmedabad Ahmedabad observes a wide range of festivals. Popular celebrations and ceremonies include Uttarayan, an annual dragon flying day on January 14 and 15. Nine nights of Navratri are celebrated with people performing Garba, the most popular folk dance in Gujarat, at venues all over the city. The festival of light, Deepavali, is celebrated with the lighting of lamps in each house, decorating floors with rangoli, and lighting of firecrackers. The annual Rath Yatra procession on the Ashadh-sud-bij date of the Hindu calendar at the Jagannath Temple and the procession of tajia during the Muslim holy month of Muharram are important events. [120] [121] One of the most popular meal forms in is a typical Gujarati thali first served commercially by Chandvilas Hotel in 1900. [122] It consists of roti (Chapati), dal, rice and shaak (cooked vegetables, sometimes with curry), with accessories of pickles and roasted papads. Sweet dishes include laddoo, mango and vedhmi. Dhoklas, theplas and dhebras are also very popular dishes in Ahmedabad. [123] Drinks include buttermilk and tea. Drinking alcohol is forbidden in Ahmedabad. [124] There are many restaurants, serving a wide range of Indian and international cuisine. Most of the eateries serve only vegetarian food, as a strong tradition of vegetarianism is maintained by the city's Jain and Hindu communities. [125] The first all-vegetarian pizza hut in the world opened in Ahmedabad. [126] KFC has a separate staff uniform for serving vegetarian items and cooks vegetarian food in a separate kitchen,[127][128] as well as McDonald's. [129] [130] Ahmedabad has quite a few restaurants serving typical Mughlai non-vegetarian food in older areas such as Bhatiyar Gali, and Jamalpur. [131] is an open square near the center of the city that serves as a vegetable market in the morning and a jewelry market in the afternoon. However, it is better known for its evening food stalls, selling local street food. It is named after the Hindu saint Baba . [132] Parts of Ahmedabad are known for their folk art. The artisans of Rangeela pole make tie-colored bandhinis, while shoemaker shops in Madhupura sell traditional mojdi (also known as mojri) shoes. Idols of Ganesha and other religious icons are made in large numbers in the Gulbai Tekra area. In 2019 there is swing in the trend and people are adopting more Eco friendly Ganesha statue. [133] The shops at Law Garden sell mirrorwork crafts. [100] Hutheesing Jain Temple Three main literary institutions were established in Ahmedabad for the promotion of : , Gujarati Sahitya Parishad and Gujarat Sahitya Sabha. Saptak School of Music festival is held in the first week of the new year. This event was inaugurated by Ravi Shankar. [134] [135] Sanskar Kendra, one of the several buildings in Ahmedabad designed by Le Corbusier, is a city museum that depicts its history, art, culture and architecture. Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya and Sardar National Memorial have permanent views of photographs, documents and other articles related to Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Patel. Calico Museum of Textiles has a large collection of Indian and international fabrics, garments and textiles. [136] The Hazrat Pir Mohammad Shah library has a collection of rare original manuscripts in Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Sindhi, and Turkish. [citation needed] There is vechaar utensils museum which has stainless steel, glass, brass, copper, bronze, zinc and German silver The Shreyas Foundation has four museums on the same campus. Shreyas Folk Museum (Lokayatan Museum) features art forms and artifacts from communities in Gujarat. Kalpana Mangalda Children's Museum features a collection of toys, dolls, dance and drama costumes, coins and a repository of recorded music from traditional shows from around the world. Kahani houses photographs of fairs and festivals in Gujarat. Sangeeta Vadyakhand is a gallery of musical instruments from India and other countries. [139] [140] [141] Dr. Vikram Sarabhai and Smt. Mrinalini Sarabhai L D Institute of Indology houses about 76,000 handwritten Jain manuscripts with 500 illustrated versions and 45,000 printed books, it makes the largest collection of Jain scripts, Indian sculptures, terracotta, miniature paintings, cloth paintings, painted scrolls, bronze, woodwork, Indian coins, textiles and decorative arts, paintings by Rabindranath Tagore and art in Nepal and Tibet. [142] The N C Mehta Gallery of miniature paintings features a collection of ornate miniature paintings and manuscripts from all over India. [143] In 1949 the Darpana Academy of Performing Arts was founded by the prominent scientist Dr. Vikram Sarabhai and world famous Bharat Natyam dancer Mrinalini Sarabhai, and thus Ahmemedabad city became the center of Indian classical dance. Education , Ahmedabad Main article: Education in AhmedabadAhmedabad had a literacy rate of 79.89% in 2001 which rose to 89.62% in 2011. In 2011, male and female literacy was 93.96 per cent and 84.81 per cent respectively. [144] Among the several universities in Ahmedabad, Gujarat University is the largest and claims to be the oldest; [145] although the was established in 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi – it received no charter from the British Raj, becoming a considered university only in 1963. [146] A large number of colleges in the city are affiliated with Gujarat University. Gujarat Technological University, CEPT University, , and are all from this century. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University has over 100,000 students enrolled in their distance courses. [147] Ahmedabad is also home to the Indian Institute for Management, Ahmedabad, which was ranked first among the administrative institutes in the country by the Ministry of Human Resource Development in 2018. [149] Established in 1947 by researcher Vikram Sarabhai, the oldest of the research institutes in Ahmedabad, the Physical Research Laboratory is active in space science, astronomy, high-energy physics and many other research areas. [150] The Darpana Academy of Performing Arts, established in 1949 by Mrinalini Sarabhai, was listed by UNESCO as an institution active in the Protection of World Culture and Natural Heritage. [151] [152] Schools in Ahmedabad are operated either by the municipal company, or privately by trusts and companies. The majority of schools are affiliated with Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board, although some are affiliated to the Central Board for Secondary Education, the Council for the Indian School Certificate Survey, the International Bake Tertiary and the National Institute of Open Schools. Media Broadcasting towers by Ahmedabad Doordarshan Newspapers in Ahmedabad include English daytimes such as The Times of India, Indian Express, DNA, The Economic Times, The Financial Express, Ahmedabad Mirror and . [153] Newspapers in other languages include Divya Bhaskar, Gujarat Samachar, Sandesh, Rajasthan Patrika, Sambhaav, and Aankhodekhi. [153] The city is home to the historic Navajivan Publishing House, founded in 1919 by Mahatma Gandhi. [154] The state-owned All India Radio Ahmedabad is broadcast on both the medium wave and the FM bands (96.7 MHz) in the city. [155] It competes with five private local FM stations: Radio City (91.1 MHz), Red FM (93.5 MHz), My fm (94.3 MHz), Radio One (95.0 MHz), Radio Mirchi (98.3 MHz) and Mirchi Love (104 MHz). Gyan Vani (104.5 MHz) is an educational FM radio station running under media co-operation models. [156] In March 2012, Gujarat University started campus radio service at 90.8 MHz which was the first kind of it in state and fifth in India. [157] Doordarshan, the state-owned broadcaster, provides free terrestrial channels, while three multisystem operators—InCablenet, Siti Cable and GTPL—form a mix of Gujarati, Hindi, English and other regional cable channels. [158] Telephone services are provided by fixed and mobile operators such as Jio, BSNL Mobile, Airtel and Vodafone Idea. [159] Economy Main article: Economy of Ahmedabad Torrent Power thermal power station at Sabarmati, Ahmedabad Gross domestic product of Ahmedabad was estimated at 64 billion USD in 2014. [160] [161] THE RBI ranked Ahmedabad as the seventh largest deposit center and seventh largest credit centre in the country in June 2012. [162] In the 19th century, the textile and clothing industry received strong capital investments. On May 30, 1861, Ranchhodlal Chhotalal founded the first Indian textile factory, Ahmedabad Spinning and Weaving Company Limited,[163] followed by the establishment of a series of textile factories such as Calico Mills, Bagicha Mills and Arvind Mills. In 1905, there were about 33 textile factories in the city. [164] The textile industry expanded further rapidly during World War I, benefiting from the influence of Mahatma Gandhi's Swadeshi movement, which promoted the purchase of Indian-made goods. [165] Ahmedabad was known as Manchester in the East for his textile industry. [40] The city is the largest supplier of denim and one of the largest exporters of precious stones and jewelry in India. [17] The automotive industry is also important to the city; after Tatas the project, Ford and Suzuki plan to establish facilities near Ahmedabad while the Pioneering ceremony for Peugeot has already been performed. [166] [167] [168] The , located in the Ambavadi area of the city, is India's second oldest stock exchange. [169] Two of the largest pharmaceutical companies in India – Zydus Cadila and Torrent Pharmaceuticals – are based in the city. The Nirma Group of Industries, which operates a large number of detergents and chemical industrial units, is headquartered in the city. The city also houses the headquarters of the Adani Group, a multinational trade and infrastructure development company. [170] The Sardar Sarovar project of dams and canals has improved the availability of drinking water and electricity for the city. [171] The IT industry has developed significantly in Ahmedabad, with companies such as Tata Consultancy Services opening offices in the city. [172] A 2002 NASSCOM survey on Super Nine Indian Destinations for IT-enabled services ranked Ahmedabad fifth among the nine most competitive cities in the country. [173] The city's educational and industrial institutions have attracted students and young professionals from the rest of India. [174] Ahmedabad houses other large Indian companies such as: Rasna, Wagh Bakri, Nirma, Cadila Pharmaceuticals, and Intas Biopharmaceuticals. Ahmedabad is the largest cotton textile center in India after Mumbai and the largest in Gujarat. [175] Many cotton manufacturing units currently run in and around Ahmedabad. [176] [177] [178] [179] [180] Textiles are one of the great industries of the city. [181] The Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation has acquired land in Sanand taluka from Ahmedabad to establish three new industrial sites. [182] Transport Sabarmati railway station Ahmedabad BRTS Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport, Ahmedabad Railway Ahmedabad is one of six operational divisions in the . [183] The railway line connects the city to elsewhere in Gujarat and India. Ahmedabad railway station, locally known as Kalupur station, is the main terminus with 11 others. [184] The mass-transit metro system, Gujarat Metro for the cities of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar have been under construction since March 2015. [185] [186] The North-South and East-West corridors are expected to be completed in 2019. [187] [188] The first phase of the Ahmedabad Metro is 40 km long; 6.5 km is underground and the remaining distance is elevated. [189] Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the first section between Gam and Apparel Park on March 4, 2019. [190] Road National Highway 48 passes through Ahmedabad and connects it with Delhi and Mumbai. National Highway 147 also links Ahmedabad to Gandhinagar. It is connected to Vadodara through National Expressway 1, a 94 km expressway with two outputs. This highway is part of the golden quadrilateral project. [191] In 2001, Ahmedabad was ranked as the most polluted city in India, out of 85 cities, by the Central Pollution Control Board. The Gujarat Pollution Control Board gave auto rickshaw drivers an incentive of ₹10,000 to convert all 37,733 auto rickshaws in Ahmedabad into cleaner burning compressed natural gas to reduce pollution. As a result, in 2008, Ahmedabad was ranked as the 50th most polluted city in India. [192] Ahmedabad BRTS Janmarg is a bus fast transit system in the city. It is operated by Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited, a subsidiary of Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation and others. [193] [194] Inaugurated in October 2009, the network expanded to 89 kilometers (55 mi) in December 2015 with daily ridership of 132,000 passengers. [195] Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service (AMTS), maintained by the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, operates public bus services in the city. [196] Currently more than 750 AMTS bus service city. [196] Ahmedabad BRTS also runs 50 electric buses apart from CNG and dieselbusses. [197] Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport, 15 km (9.3 mi) from the city centre, provides domestic and international flights for both Ahmedabad and the capital Gandhinagar. [198] It is the busiest airport in Gujarat and the seventh-busiest in India in terms of passenger traffic. [199] Dholera International Airport is proposed near Fedara. It will be the largest airport in India with a total area of 7,500 hectares. [200] Sports Sardar Patel Stadium. Cricket is one of the popular sports in the city. [201] Sardar Patel Stadium (also known as Motera Stadium), built in 1982, hosts both one-day internationals and Test matches. It has a seating capacity of 54,000. [202] It hosted the Cricket World Cup in 1987, 1996 and 2011. [203] Ahmedabad also has a second cricket stadium at Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation's Sports Club of Gujarat, home of the Gujarat cricket team playing in the Ranji Trophy tournament. [204] Other popular sports include field hockey, badminton, tennis, squash and golf. Ahmedabad currently has three golf courses. [205] Mithakhali Multi Sports Complex is developed by AMC to promote various indoor sports. [206] Recently, Ahmedabad hosted national games for roller skating and table tennis. [207] Kart racing is gaining popularity in the city, with the introduction of a 380-meter track based on Formula One concepts. [208] Participants in the Sabarmati Marathon Sabarmati Marathon are held every year in December to January since 2011, which have different categories such as full and half marathons, 7 km of dream running, 5 km run for visually challenged and 5 km wheelchair driving. [210] In 2007, Ahmedabad hosted the 51st national-level shooters. [211] The 2016 World Championships in Kabaddi will be held in Ahmedabad at The Arena Transtadia (a renovated Kankaria football field). Geet Sethi, a five-time winner of the World Professional Billiards Championship and a recipient of India's highest sporting award, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, grew up in Ahmedabad. [212] International Relations Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in India Sister cities Columbus, Ohio, USA (2008) [213] Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (September 2014)[214] Valladolid, Valladolid Province, Spain (2019)[215] Astrakhan, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia [216] Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan (2019)[217][218] Jersey City, New Jersey, USA (26 January 1994) [219] See also List of persons from Ahmedabad List of tallest buildings in Ahmedabad Timeline of Ahmedabad References ^ a bjal Patel appointed city mayor. Ahmedabad Mirror. 15 June 2018. Filed from original on June 25, 2018. Retrieved June 25, 2018. ^ Bijal Patel is mayor, Makwana her deputy. 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Additional reading Muktirajsinhji Chauhan and Kamalika Bose. History of interior design in India Vol 1 : Ahmedabad (2007) ISBN 81-904096-0-3 Kenneth L. Gillion (1968). Ahmedabad: A study in Indian urban history. University of California Press. Altekar, Anant Sadashiv. A history of important ancient towns and cities in Gujarat and Kathiawad (from the earliest times down to the Moslem conquest). ASIN B0008B2NGA. Villain, Nigel (1993). India's Industrial Cities: Essays in Economics and Demographics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-563172-2. Rajan, K. V. Soundra (1989). Ahmadabad. Archaeological survey of India. Forrest, George William. Indian cities. Adamant Media Corporation. ISBN 0-543-93823-9. Gandhi, R (1990). Patel: A life. Navajivan Press, Ahmedabad. ASIN B0006EYQ0A. Cite journal requires |journal= (help) Michell, George (2003). Ahmadabad. Art Media Resources. ISBN 81-85026-03-3. Spodek, Howard (2011). Ahmedabad: The shock city of Twentieth Century India. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-35587-4. External links Ahmedabad Collectorate Ahmedabad on Curlie Ahmadabad Encyclopædia Britannica entry PortalsAccess related topicsIndia portalFind out more onWikipediasSister projectMediafrom CommonsTravel guides from WikivoyageNews storiesfrom WikinewsDefinitionsfrom WiktionaryTextbooksfrom WikibooksQuotations from WikibooksQuoteSource text frå to wikisourceLearning resourcesfrom WikiversityDatafrom Wikidata Retrieved from

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