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Woman and the Feminine in Medieval and Early Modern Scottish Writing

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Woman and the Feminine in Medieval and Early Modern Scottish Writing Woman and the Feminine in Medieval and Early Modern Scottish Writing This page intentionally left blank Woman and the Feminine in Medieval and Early Modern Scottish Writing Edited by Sarah M. Dunnigan C. Marie Harker and Evelyn S. Newlyn Introduction © Sarah M. Dunnigan 2004 Editorial matter and selection © Sarah M. Dunnigan, C. Marie Harker and Evelyn S. Newlyn 2004 All chapters © Palgrave Macmillan Ltd 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004 978-1-4039-1181-0 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this * publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2004 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin's Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-51083-2 ISBN 978-0-230-50220-8 (eBook) DOl 10.1057/9780230502208 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Woman and the feminine in Medieval and early modern Scottish writing I edited by Sarah M. Dunnigan, C. Marie Harker, and Evelyn S. Newlyn. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4039-1181-9 (cloth) 1. Scottish Literature-To 1700-History and criticism. 2. Scottish literature-Women authors-History and criticism. 3. Women­ -Scotland-Intellectual life. 4. Feminism and literature-Scotland. 5. Women and literature-Scotland. 6. Femininity in literature. 7. Sex role in literature. 8. Women in literature. I. Dunnigan, Sarah, 1971- 11. Harker, C. Marie, 1963- Ill. Newlyn, Evelyn S. PR8546.W66 2004 820.9'3522'09411-dc22 2003064653 10 9 8 7654321 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 OS 04 For Anna and Matthew- aon turas eile, le gaol For Rowan Iindlry-Harker For Janet Elizabeth Robinson This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgements lX List ofAbbreviations X Contributors xi Introduction xiv Sarah M. Dunnigan Part One: 'Written Woman' 1. The Dangers of Manly Women: Late Medieval Perceptions of Female Heroism in Scotland's Second War oflndependence 3 Elizabeth Ewan 2. War and Truce: Women in The Wallace 19 lnge B. Milfull 3. Chrystis Kirk on the Grene and Peblis to the Ploy: The Economy of Gender 31 C. Marie Harker 4. Women Fictional and Historic in Sir David Lyndsay's Poetry 47 Janet Hadley Williams 5. Chastity in the Stocks: Women, Sex, and Marriage in Ane Satyre ofthe Thrie Estaitis 61 Garrett P. J. Epp 6. The 'Fen3eit' and the Feminine: Robert Henryson's Orpheus and Eurydice and the Gendering of Poetry 74 Kevin J. McGinley vii viii Contents Part Two: 'Writing Women' 7. A Methodology for Reading Against the Culture: Anonymous, Women Poets, and the Maitland Quarto Manuscript (c.1586) 89 Evelyn S. Newlyn 8. An Unequal Correspondence: Epistolary and Poetic Exchanges between Mary Queen of Scots and Elizabeth ofEngland 104 Morna R. Fleming 9. Daughterly Desires: Representing and Reimagining the Feminine in Anna Hume's Triumphs 120 Sarah M Dunnigan 10. 'Neither Out nor In': Scottish Gaelic Women Poets 1650-1750 136 Calm 6 Baoill 11. Holy Terror and Love Divine: The Passionate Voice in Elizabeth Melville's Ane Godlie Dreame 153 Deanna Delmar Evans 12. Lilias Skene: a Quaker Poet and her 'Cursed Self 162 Gordon DesBrisay 13. Scottish Women's Religious Narrative, 1660-1720: Constructing the Evangelical Self 178 David George Mullan Part Three: 'Archival Women' 14. Elizabeth Melville, Lady Culross: 3500 New Lines of Verse 195 Jamie Reid-Baxter 15. Early Modem Women's Writing in the Edinburgh Archives, c.1550-1740: A Preliminary Checklist 201 Suzanne Trill Index 227 Acknowledgements We would like to express our gratitude to the Research Committee of the School of Literatures, Languages, and Cultures in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh, for the award of a grant which enabled the publication of this book. Randall Stevenson of the English Literature Department offered generous and invaluable guidance for which we warmly thank him. Professor Cairns Craig also gave vital advice and support in the early stages of the book. Sarah Dunnigan would personally like to thank Dr Sarah Carpenter, Head of Edinburgh's English Literature Department; Professor Colm 6 Baoill, Head of the Celtic Department at Aberdeen University, for kindly and unstintingly providing information on the Gaelic material; and Dr David Salter, who has been a thoughtful reader, in all ways, at all times. We are immensely grateful to Rhona Brown, doctoral student in the Department of Scottish Literature, University of Glasgow, for compiling the Index and to Jill Hamilton, honours student in the Department of Language and Literature, Truman State University, for her assistance with copy-editing. We would also like to acknowledge the tireless patience and advice of Emily Rosser and Paula Kennedy, and the kind assistance of Tim Kapp, at Palgrave; and to express our gratitude for the insights given by the book's external readers. ix List of Abbreviations ASLS - Association of Scottish Literary Studies BL - British Library DOST- Dictionary ofthe Older Scottish Tongue EUL- Edinburgh University Library GUL- Glasgow University Library IR- Innes Review NAS -National Archives of Scotland NLS -National Library of Scotland NDNB- New Dictionary ofNational Biography SBRS - Scottish Burgh Record Society SHR- Scottish Historical Review SLJ- Scottish Literary Journal SSL -Studies in Scottish Literature STS- Scottish Text Society Where unambiguous, citations to university presses have been abbreviated accordingly: e.g. 'Aberdeen: AUP'; 'Toronto: UTP'; but 'Ithaca: Cornell UP'. As applicable, scribal abbreviations have been expanded, as indicated in italics: e.g. 'that' for •l>t'. The graph thorn has been normalized; yogh has been retained. Middle Scots orthographic convention as to interchangeable vocalic i/y (e.g. Lyndsay/Lindsay) has been retained. Lowland Scots terminology has been translated, throughout, thus: first references to terms in each essay, e.g. 'quhilk' as [which], subsequently untranslated. Editorial practice throughout this volume has been respectful of the disciplinary distance between our varied contributors. Although the collection as a whole adheres to Modem Humanities Research Association guidelines for scholarly work in terms of both accidentals and substantives, we have chosen in certain instances to respect our contributors' preferences as to style in expression and citation. X Contributors Gordon DesBrisay is Associate Professor of History at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada. Currently writing a book on seventeenth-century Aberdeen, he has published on topics including Scottish Quakers, wet­ nursing and illegitimacy, Aberdeen in the civil wars, and the fate of women under 'godly discipline'. Sarah M. Dunnigan is Lecturer in English Literature at the University of Edinburgh. She has published on Scottish medieval and Renaissance literature and is the author of Eros and Poetry at the Courts of Mary Queen ofScots and James VI. Garrett P. J. Epp is Professor and incoming Chair of English at the University of Alberta, Canada. He studies and teaches late medieval and early modem drama, especially in relation to queer theory and gender studies. He is currently working on a new edition of the Towneley Plays, while continuing his research on the staging of masculinity and sodomy in early English theatre. Deanna Delmar Evans is Professor of English at Bemidji State University, Minnesota. She has published on Scottish literature, medieval biography, medieval folklore, and women writers. Her most recent work is an edition of 'The Babees Book' in Medieval Literature for Children. Elizabeth Ewan is Professor of History and Scottish Studies at the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. She is the author of Townlife in Fourteenth-Century Scotland, co-editor of Women in Scotland c. I 100-c. 1750, and currently co-editor of The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women. She is also preparing a study of defamation and gender in late medieval and early modem Scotland. Morna R. Fleming is Depute Rector, teaching at Beath High School, Cowdenbeath, Scotland, and secretary of The Robert Henryson Society. She has published articles on the poetry of James VI and his courts in Scotland and England, and on the teaching of the works of Robert Henryson. Janet Hadley Williams is Visiting Fellow in English and Theatre Studies at The Australian National University. Her publications include Xl xii Contributors Stewart Style 1513-1542: Essays in the Court ofJames V and the recent edition, Sir David Lyndsay: Selected Poems. C. Marie Harker is Associate Professor in English Literature at Truman State University, Missouri. She works on late-medieval English book production and has published on late medieval and early Modem English and Scottish literature, with a critical focus on feminist and gender­ theory. Kevin J. McGinley teaches part-time at Glasgow and Edinburgh Universities. He has co-edited Of Lion and Of Unicorn: Essays on Anglo-Scottish Literary Relations in Honour of Professor John MacQueen, and has written on Robert Henryson, Sir David Lyndsay, and James Boswell.
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