Calodema, 283: 1-4 (2013) Kalaii et al. - of cotton fields A study on Heteroptera of cotton fields and surrounding areas of Garmsar and vicinity, , by Sedigheh Kalaii*†, Hamid Sakenin Chelav** & Hassan Ghahari***

* Department of Entomology, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran. †Corresponding author. ** Department of Plant Protection, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran, Iran. *** Department of Plant Protection, Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, , Iran.

Kalaii, S., Sakenin Chelav, H. & Ghahari, H. (2013) A study on Heteroptera of cotton fields and surrounding areas of Garmsar and vicinity, Semnan province, Iran. Calodema, 283: 1-4.

Abstract: The Heteroptera fauna of cotton fields of Garmsar and vicinity (Semnan province) is studied in this paper; a total of 17 species were collected and determined. The studied families and genera are ( Amyot & Serville), Anthocoridae (Anthocoris Fallén, Orius Wolff), ( Kolenati, Phyllomorpha Laporte), Rhopalidae (Maccevethus Dallas, Rhopalus Schilling), Geocoridae (Geocoris Fallen), Lygaeidae (Spilostethus Stål), Piesmatidae (Piesma Lepeletier & Serville), Reduviidae (Coranus Curtis, Nagusta Stål), and Pentatomidae (Andrallus ergroth, Nezara Amyot & Serville, Graphosoma Laporte).

Key words: Heteroptera, fauna, cotton fields, Semnan, Iran.

Introduction

Heteroptera regularly cause a wide variety and large number of problems for humans - at times on a catastrophic scale. The species of this suborder including many pests, disease transmitters, and nuisances exist worldwide, inflicting damage on crops, forests, orchards, and human life. Of course several species of Heteroptera can be valuable as biological control agents (e.g. Larivière & Larochelle, 2004; Henry, 2009; Weirauch & Schuh, 2011).

Cotton fields are important agroecosystems which provide both food and cover for wildlife (e.g. Rude 1984; Ramalho 1994). Identification of the fauna of cotton fields is the first step for successful establishment of biological control and IPM programs (Robinson et al., 1972).

The main work on the Heteroptera of cotton fields in Iran was conducted by Ghahari et al. (2011) where some species were recorded from Semnan. The aim of this present paper is a faunistic study on Heteroptera of cotton fields and surrounding areas of Garmsar and vicinity. The Iranian Heteroptera fauna has been studied well and all the available data were catalogued by Ghahari et al. (2009a, b, 2010a, b, 2012, 2013); Ghahari & Heiss (2012); Ghahari & Moulet (2012, 2013).

Materials and Methods

The materials of this research were collected by sweeping net and aspirator from cotton fields of different regions of Garmsar (Semnan province). The materials are preserved in the collection of first author. Classification, nomenclature, and distribution data as suggested by Aukema & Rieger (1996, 2001, 2006) have been followed.

Results

Seventeen species from nine families of Heteroptera were collected from cotton fields of Garmsar and vicinity. The list of species is given below with distribution data.

Family Alydidae Amyot & Serville, 1843 Subfamily Amyot & Serville, 1843 Camptopus Amyot & Serville, 1843 (Germar, 1817) Material examined: Narooheh, 4 specimens, 21-23 April 2013. General distribution. Holo-Mediterranean, extending to south of Central Europe and Central Asia in the north, and Pakistan and India in the east.

Page 1 Calodema, 283: 1-4 (2013) Kalaii et al. - Heteroptera of cotton fields Family Anthocoridae Fieber, 1836 Subfamily Anthocorinae Fieber, 1836 Genus Anthocoris Fallén, 1814 Anthocoris minki minki Dohrn, 1860 Material examined: Sangab, 3 specimens, 2-3 May 2013. General distribution. Widespread in Europe (from Great Britain to Russia), Northern Africa (Morocco, Tunisia), and Palaearctic Asia (Central Asia, Asian part of Turkey).

Genus Orius Wolff, 1811 Orius albidipennis (Reuter, 1884) Material examined: Hasht-Abad, 5 specimens, 3 March 2013. Ivankey, 4 specimens, 3 May 2013. General distribution. Spain, Africa (southwards to Nigeria), Near East, Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran, Central Asia, and Pakistan.

Orius minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) Material examined: Hesarak, 2 specimens, 20-22 October 2012. General distribution. Europe and Palaearctic Asia, introduced to North America.

Orius niger (Wolff, 1811) Material examined: Kavir-Abad, 6 specimens, 14-16 July 2012. Garmsar Islamic Azad University, 3 specimens, 5 April 2013. General distribution. Europe (from Great Britain to Russia), Northern Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia), and Palaearctic Asia (from Turkey to India and China).

Family Piesmatidae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 Genus Piesma Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 Piesma maculatum (Laporte de Castelnau, 1833) Material examined: Taghi-Abad, 2 specimens, 6 June 2012. General distribution. Palaearctic.

Family Coreidae Leach, 1815 Subfamily Leach, 1815 Genus Centrocoris Kolenati, 1845 Centrocoris spiniger (Fabricius, 1781) Material examined: Baghestan, 1 specimen, 3 April 2013. General distribution. Central Europe, Ukraine, Mediterranean basin, Near East, Transcaucasia.

Genus Phyllomorpha Laporte, 1833 Phyllomorpha lacerata Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835 Material examined: Reshmeh, 2 specimens, 12 March 2012. General distribution. Algeria, Balkans, Near East, Transcaucasia, Central Asia.

Family Rhopalidae Amyot & Serville, 1843 Subfamily Rhopalinae Amyot & Serville, 1843 Genus Maccevethus Dallas, 1852 Maccevethus corsicus corsicus Signoret, 1862 Material examined: Adl-Abad, 2 specimens, 17-18 September 2012. Aradan, 3 specimens, 15 October 2012. General distribution. Mediterranean basin, Transcaucasia.

Genus Rhopalus Schilling, 1827 Rhopalus (Rhopalus) parumpunctatus Schilling, 1829 Material examined: Taghi-Abad, 2 specimens, 6-7 June 2012. General distribution. Palaearctic except in Japan.

Family Geocoridae Baerensprung, 1860 Genus Geocoris Fallen, 1814 Geocoris (Geocoris) megacephalus (Rossi, 1790) Material examined: Kordovan, 3 specimens, 9 September 2012. Baghestan, 6 specimens, 2-4 April 2013. General distribution. Holomediterranean, extending into the Middle East and Middle Asia.

Family Lygaeidae Schilling, 1829 Subfamily Lygaeinae Schilling, 1829 Genus Spilostethus Stål, 1868 Spilostethus pandurus (Scopoli, 1763) Material examined: Narooheh, 2 specimens, 21-23 April 2013.

Page 2 Calodema, 283: 1-4 (2013) Kalaii et al. - Heteroptera of cotton fields General distribution. A Trans Palaearctic species, apparently absent in Korea and Japan; quoted from Australia. Palaeotropical, extending to the Mediterranean subregion, Central Europe, and the Middle East.

Family Reduviidae Latreille, 1807 Subfamily Harpactorinae Amyot & Serville, 1843 Genus Coranus Curtis, 1833 Coranus (Coranus) aegyptius (Fabricius, 1775) Material examined: Kordovan, 2 specimens, 9-10 September 2012. Nohesar, 3 specimens, 27-29 April 2013. Distribution outside Iran. Eremian: from Madeira and The Canary Archipelago, Northern Africa, Near East, Arabian Peninsula, Central Asia; known in tropical Africa (Senegal, The Sudan, Tchad).

Genus Nagusta Stål, 1859 Nagusta goedelii (Stål, 1859) Material examined: Sangab, 1 specimen, 2-3 May 2013. Garmsar Islamic Azad University, 1 specimen, 5 April 2013. Distribution outside Iran. Euro-Turanian: from Austria to Central Asia (Azerbaijan) incl. the Balkans and Crete, Near East and Caucasus.

Family Pentatomidae Leach, 1815 Subfamily Asopinae Amyot & Serville, 1843 Genus Andrallus Bergroth, 1906 Andrallus spinidens (Fabricius 1787) Material examined: Adl-Abad, 3 specimens, 17-18 September 2012. Reshmeh, 2 specimens, 12 March 2012. Sangab, 1 specimen, 2-3 May 2013. General distribution. Italy, Greece, Mid Asia (incl. Caucasus), Egypt (Sinai), Japan, Australia, tropical Asia, tropical Africa, America (USA, Central and South America).

Subfamily Pentatominae Leach, 1815 Genus Nezara Amyot & Serville, 1843 Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) Material examined: Kavir-Abad, 4 specimens, 14-16 July 2012. Aradan, 3 specimens, 15 October 2012. General distribution. Mediterranean basin, Near East, Mid, Central and Far Eastern Asia (Japan), tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia.

Subfamily Podopinae Amyot & Serville, 1843 Genus Graphosoma Laporte, 1833 Graphosoma semipunctatum (Fabricius, 1775) Material examined: Hasht-Abad, 1 specimen, 7 March 2013. Ivankey, 2 specimens, 3 May 2013. General distribution. Mediterranean Basin, Black Sea Region, Mid Asia.

Acknowledgements

This research which is the M. Sc thesis of first author was supported by Islamic Azad University (Garmsar Branch). The authors are grateful to Dr T.J. Hawkeswood of Sydney, Australia for editorial assistance and review of the paper. We are appreciative of Dr. R. Linnavuori, P. Moulet and Dr. S. Asgari for their valuable assistance in progress of the work.

References

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Date of publication: 20 September 2013 Copyright: Sedigheh Kalaii, Hamid Sakenin Chelav & Hassan Ghahari Editor: Dr T.J. Hawkeswood (www.calodema.com) (Published as hard paper copy edition as well as electronic pdf)

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