The US Navy Japanese/Oriental Language School Archival Project The Interpreter Archives, University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries Number 123 Remember September 11, 2001 [email protected] May 1, 2008

Our Mission Abe, a colleague at Columbia, helped translate such influential driver‟s truck and started said today. publications as Dust and The walking back to the camp when In the Spring of 2000, the Dr. Yampolsky's most recent Record of Lin-Chi, which helped all of a sudden, shooting started Archives continued the origi- books, Selected Writings of popularize Zen outside of . and I hit the ditch [Out of the nal efforts of Captain Roger and Letters of Nichiren, He returned to the United States frying pan and into the fire. Pineau and William Hudson, translated and explained the in 1962 for further study at Seems the guards thought he was and the Archives first at- works of the 13th century Columbia. He joined the staff of an intruder]. Larry had seen me tempts in 1992, to gather the Buddhist thinker and reformer the East Asian Library, received get out and came back to where I papers, letters, photographs, whose ideas inspired religious his Ph.D. in 1965, became head was. The guards were shooting and records of graduates of and political movements still of the library in 1968 and was and I couldn‟t speak their the US Navy Japanese/ active in Japan. They were named a full professor of language, I think it was Oriental Language School, published by Columbia Japanese in 1981. He retired in Senegalese. Larry spoke to them University of Colorado at University Press in 1990 and 1990 but continued as a special in their language and they Boulder, 1942-1946. We 1996, respectively. lecturer until two years ago. At stopped shooting. I was lucky to assemble these papers in He taught at Columbia for 32 his retirement he received the get out of that alive. (to be recognition of the contribu- years, from 1962 to 1994, most Buddhist Studies Senior Scholar continued) tions made by JLS/OLS recently as a special lecturer Award, created in his honor with William Morganroth instructors and graduates to after retiring in 1990 as a full gifts, primarily from Japan, OLS (Malay) 1945

the War effort in the Pacific professor of Japanese. through the Institute for [Ed. Note: Wow! And the adventures and the Cold War, to the From 1968 to 1981, Dr. Medieval Japanese Studies to continue.] creation of East Asian ______Yampolsky was the librarian of recognize his lifetime of research language programs across Columbia's East Asian Library, and teaching. HAROLD STEVENSON the country, and to the now the C.V. Starr East Asian Besides his wife, Yuiko, he is Professor Emeritus Of development of Japanese- Library, one of the major such survived by three children: Susan American cultural rec- Psychology And Fellow collections in the United States Niland of Saddle Brook, N.J., a Center For Human Growth onciliation programs after with more than 600,000 volumes daughter from a previous World War II. And Development in Chinese, Japanese, Korean marriage; a daughter, Ruri and other languages. Yampolsky of Seattle, and a son, [Cont’d] After enlisting in the Philip Yampolsky Philip Boas Yampolsky was Robert Yampolsky of New York Navy, Harold was chosen to Zen Translator and born in October City. He is also survived by six interview for the prestigious Scholar 20, 1920, the grandson of the grandchildren and three great- Navy Foreign Language famed anthropologist Franz grandchildren. Program. At the time, the Navy Philip Yampolsky, a leading Boas, who founded Columbia's Fred Knubel, was training enlisted persons to translator and scholar of Zen Department of Anthropology. He Director of Public Information interpret Japanese, Chinese, and former head of Office of Public Information and attended the Horace Mann Malay, and Russian. To his own the C.V. Starr East Asian Library Communications School and was graduated from surprise, after the interview, of , died Columbia University Columbia College in 1942. He Harold was selected for the Sunday (July 28, 1996) in St. New York, N.Y. 10027 enlisted in the Navy that year Navy's Luke's Hospital in New York (212) 854-5573 and learned Japanese when he July 30, 1996 School which was being held City. He was 75 and a Manhattan ______was trained as a translator in an nearby at the University of resident. elite group at the US Navy Colorado. (Coincidentally, the He died of complications Boulder to Bombay, Japanese Language School in Army's Japanese Language from pneumonia, said his wife, Boulder, Colorado. He served as To Burma & Back School was here at the Yuiko. A scholar of Chinese and a Lieutenant, j. g., in World War University of Michigan.) He says Japanese religions and a (Cont‟d) [Nicobar Islands, off II and fought in the battle of Iwo that Japanese was fascinating to specialist in Zen studies, he was Burma, 1945] After about three Jima. Assigned to the Navy's him, but he would have been known for his analytical weeks there, a little landing craft Joint Intelligence Center Pacific happy studying any of the translations of Zen classics now came in. It was Christmas Eve, Ocean Area, he was awarded the languages offered. Luckily for used as texts in both graduate so Larry, the commander of the Bronze Star "for meritorious the field of Japanese studies, it and undergraduate Asian studies craft, took me on a tour of the service as a translator." was Japanese he was chosen to courses in American universities. island that night in a truck. But In 1954 he received a study for an intensive 14 months. They include of the driver was a little bit drunk, Fulbright scholarship to study Since the purpose of the the Sixth Patriarch (1967) and and I didn‟t want to be a Buddhism in , Japan, language school was to train The Zen Master Hakuin: casualty, so on our way, we just where he spent the next eight military personnel to help in Selected Writings (1971), both passed near a camp. I didn‟t years. He was an active member intelligence capacities, as his published by Columbia know what was going on, a of a group of Beat generation studies were nearing completion, University Press. bunch of nurses were caring for scholars and writers studying he was told that he would be "His many books and articles British Service people. They had Zen. With poet , going to Japan to help the U.S. in made the mysterious traditions of some guards. But I didn‟t know scholar and the war effort. Equipped with a Zen approachable to Western that. So as we were driving by Japanese scholars Yoshitaka Navy uniform, Harold was ready audiences," Professor Ryuichi the camp, I just said, “Let me Iriya and Seizan Yanagida, he for the challenge, but as fate out.” So I got out of the drunk would have it, just as he was they saw what they had ordered, dance studio ran upstairs, Southern Economic Association graduating from the language they flushed them down the john. generations of students brought (1979-1980), and president of program, Japan surrendered and The list you sent of the entry in their tweed, wool, linen, and the History of Economics the war ended. class of May 2, 1944 numbers gabardine suits, dresses, skirts, Society (1982-1983). While The Navy no longer needed 30. My recollection is that 39 ties and slacks and stood in line Martin was learning nothing the services of language experts, started. Could there have been 9 for their pressed cotton shirts. (to about so many things, he so Harold returned to Boulder to missed? [9 may have slight be cont‟d) practiced his science in continue his studies at the differences in date. I’ll check] David M. Hays interesting and unexpected ways. University of Colorado. He was From your list Judah (a Archivist & Editor Martin served on several ______given credits for studying with librarian from Pacific College), faculties, starting with the the Navy, which enabled him to Perry (a lawyer from Nebraska), Excerpts from the University of Chicago in 1937 return as a senior. A year later, and Wiles (from St. John, Coffin Songbook where he received his Ph.D. in he graduated with a B.A. in Kansas – he ran for governor of 1939. After a stint as a Psychology and a minor in Math. Kansas in 1966, but lost to Keibajo government economist, first at Interested in continuing his Avery) were commissioned in the U.S. Treasury from 1940- studies in psychology, Harold August 1944, but did not Everybody‟s doing the Keibajo 1941 and immediately after at went on to graduate school at graduate by June 9, 1944 (I write Now that we‟re finished with the the Federal Reserve Bank of Stanford University. His „by‟ instead of „on‟ because Kokubo Chicago, he enlisted in the U.S. Japanese studies became Juster graduated earlier), Wiles Ichi ni san shi here we go Navy and registered for their With a Jinsei no keibajo dormant for a while because he became a line officer about Japanese language training found it difficult to link Japanese October 1944, Judah and Perry Ned Coffin, Compiler program. Martin was to help and psychology. [to be cont‟d] became ill in early 1945. Judah JLS 1944 translate captured documents and graduated later. I don‟t know ______perhaps interrogate Japanese Center for Japanese Studies University of Michigan what happened to Perry [he did prisoners of war (American Winter 2002 Newsletter graduate]. (to be cont‟d) Dr. Martin Economic Association Citation,

Duane J. Flaherty Bronfenbrenner : 1998). After the surrender of [Ed. Note: I was notified by Nancy OLS 1945 Scholar, Critic, Cynic, Japan in 1945, Martin served Stevenson that Harold K. Stevenson ______under Major General William and Comrade-in-Arms passed away on July 8, 2005. I have Marquat as part of the Economic sent our condolences. He was on the 1914-1997 Dugout Cleaners and Scientific Section (ESS) mailing list from the beginning.] Moss on Bronfenbrenner's career ______Anyone who lived on the Hill in presiding over the dissolution of the huge zaibatsu holding Flaherty’s Boulder from the 1920s to the Shortly before his death on June 1970s would remember the 2, 1997, Martin Bronfenbrenner companies that facilitated the Class of 1945 “Dugout” Cleaners at 1211 learned of his election as a prosecution of the Japanese war 13th Street, between "Distinguished Fellow" of the effort in the Pacific (Dower, Thank you for the informational 1999, pp. 545, 210). More than a letter of March 15, 2006, Pennsylvania and Pleasant, in the American Economic basement of the old Varsity Hall, Association. This award is made set of skills, Martin developed a appropriately dated as it turned deep interest and love for out, since all five classmates had so named because it was the most selectively to the best women‟s gym in the 1920s and scholars in the economics Japanese learning and culture. passed away [A reference to the According to Craufurd D. Ides of March, I think]. housed some of “Frosty” Cox‟s profession. Martin fit into this basketball players in the 1930s. category and another as well; he Goodwin, Martin made "frequent Of the two that I knew had trips back after he left the died, Marty Mulholland was Henry Elwood bought Varsity belonged to the "fast- Hall in the 1920s. The building disappearing class" of generalists [Navy], and he was a member of sitting in Cdr. Hindmarsh‟s the Shoup Commission on the living room at the Palace Hotel also housed a Piggly Wiggly, in economics. The citation that and later, the Missouri accompanied this award went on Japanese Tax System in 1949. in San Francisco along with a He regularly taught courses on dozen other fellows I never saw Bookstore, precursor to the to quote Martin's own Colorado Bookstore. His sister, assessment of his life's work as the Japanese economy and was a again, waiting to be interviewed. pioneer of Japanese studies in Marty gave me a valuable piece Leora Elwood, who managed follows "Doubtless I shall end, if school cafeterias, also operated I live long enough, 'knowing the United States . . . Martin of advice when I arrived. He said remained deeply ambivalent that if you want to make things the Bide-a-Wee Tea Room in the nothing about everything,' as building. His son, Henry V. against the specialist's 'knowing about Japanese 'progress' since easier, find the time to read one World War II" (Goodwin, 1998, or two lessons ahead, so that Elwood, had begun a business in everything about nothing'" (see the basement, taking in clothes American Economic p 1779). Martin remarked much when the class comes to them, later in life: "No more than they won‟t be unknown territory. from Gano-Downs in Denver for Association, 1998) sale on consignment and soon The list of subjects about anyone else did I anticipate the My wife and I were friendly 'miracle' of Japanese growth and with Harold Willens and his began making alterations. which Martin knew "nothing" In 1929, Mr. Elwood began a was vast and ranged from recovery, and most of the time I wife. On the one vacation we wish it hadn't happened" had, we went to Colorado cleaners and dryers using the income distribution theory, labor name “Dugout”, as the basement economics, Marxian economics, (Bronfenbrenner, 1987, p. 3). Springs together. Each couple Martin returned to civilian had one child. When dinner time location reminded him of the Japanese economics, and trenches in which he had served comparative economic systems, life in 1946. He resumed his came one night, the children career as a financial economist wanted to have room service, during World War I. During that to radical economics, monetary more formal age of suits, ties, theory, and the history of for the Chicago Federal Reserve and ordered an Eggs Benedict. Bank, but this job quickly gave We went to the dining room. sport coats and slacks, and long economic thought. Martin served before permanent press, the as vice-president of the rise to his lifelong calling to Some years later, my daughter work as a university professor. unlocked the secret that when “Dugout” pulled in considerable American Economic Association business. While Nat Levy‟s (1976-1977), president of the Subsequently, he served on the faculty of the University of Wisconsin (1947-1957), and held to all of his life trade missions of Massachusetts Michigan State University (Bronfenbrenner, 1966, p. 22). Vernon R. Alden business leaders to Japan, China,

(1957-1958), the University of (Part I) (to be continued) Throughout his professional and Europe.

Minnesota (1958-1962), The American Journal of Economics career, Vernon Alden's interests Upon his retirement from the Carnegie Tech (1962-1971), and and Sociology, and activities have included the presidency of Ohio University, eventually Duke University July, 1999 by June Bronfenbrenner, academic world, business, the the trustees named the new where he held the Kenen Chair Urie Bronfenbrenner, Bruce arts, and international affairs. library "The Vernon Roger from 1971 until 1984. In 1984, Fitzgerald, Craufurd D. Goodwin, Former Chairman of The Alden Library" and conferred Martin moved to Japan as a Samuel Hollander, Tamotsu Boston Company, President of upon him "The Founder's professor of international Matsuura, Warren J. Samuels, Citation," awarded to only two Werner Sichel, Roy E. Weintraub Ohio University and Associate economics at the Aoyama Dean of the Harvard Business other individuals in Ohio Gakuin University in Tokyo, [Ed. Note: I found this article on the School, Alden is currently University 's 165-year history. Japan, and in 1991 he returned to web. I only printed the parts Chairman of The Japan Society Alden was appointed in 1964 Duke University where he taught containing information regarding by President Lyndon Johnson as JLS/OLS and Japan.] of Boston and Honorary Consul until his death in 1997. ______General for the Kingdom of Chairman of the Task Force

My earliest personal Thailand in the Now England Committee planning the United experience with Martin occurred Patricia O”Sullivan Way area. The Emperor of Japan states Job Corps and assisted in my first year as secretary- conferred upon him the order of Sargent Shriver an a part-time treasurer of the History of I was born January 6, 1924 in the Rising Sun, Star Class, and basis for six months. Under his Economics Society. The Vancouver, B.C. Lived and went the King of Thailand has leadership, Ohio University executive committee wanted to school in Seattle, Washington. decorated Alden twice - with the spearheaded the economic Martin to stand for the office of I began the study of Japanese at Most Noble Order of the Crown revitalization of Southeastern president-elect and it was my job the University of Washington in of Thailand and the Most Ohio. to phone him and convince him 1943. Afer two weeks of “study” Exalted Order of the White He encouraged new programs to serve. On the telephone was interviewed by Commander Elephant. for highway and airport Martin insisted there must be Hindmarsh and Glen Shaw, who He is in a Trustee Emeritus of development, flood control, and some sort of mistake because he were in Seattle interviewing the Boston Symphony Orchestra regional medical facilities. Alden explained most modestly that he prospective language school and a Life Trustee of the Boston Served as Chairman of the was not a historian of economics students. A few weeks later I Museum of Science. For fifteen Education Advisory Committee and that I should scout around to was en route to the language years Alden was a member of the of the Appalachian Commission. find the "other" Martin school in Boulder to enter with Board of Fellows of Brown Vernon Alden was born in Bronfenbrenner who, perhaps, the first group of WAVES. I left University. Chicago, Illinois, in 1923. He better fit this description. I Boulder in August 1944 and Vernon Alden served for at received his Bachelor's degree in assured him that I did indeed spent the remainder of the war at 1945 from Brown University, th least twenty years as a director have the correct Martin the 5 & K in Washington, D.C. on each of five business where he did honors work in Bronfenbrenner and with some In 1946 I was married to Griffith corporations; Colgate-Palmolive English literature and was persuasion on my part, he finally Way, who entered Boulder in Company, Digital Equipment elected to Phi Beta Kappa in his agreed to serve as the Society's September of 1942 and served as Corporation, McGraw-Hill, The junior year. In 1950 he received president-elect during the a JICPOA Navy language officer Mead Corporation, and the the M.B.A. degree from Harvard academic year 1981-1982 and in Pearl Harbor, Saipan, Tinian Boston Safe Deposit and Trust University. He has been awarded Society president the next year. and during the early part of the Company. He continues to serve thirteen Honorary Doctor's I met Martin again, and for occupation, Japan. We returned as a Director of Sonesta degrees. me quite unexpectedly, when I to Seattle in 1946, where Griff International Hotels and as an During World War II, Alden delivered an invited lecture at went to law school and I finished independent General Partner of served as an officer in the United Waseda University in Tokyo in school with a B.A. in Far Eastern three Merrill Lynch-Lee States Navy aboard patrol ships early January of 1987. Martin studies. I was elected to Phi Beta Acquisition Funds, L.P. and a in the North Pacific and on the was sitting in the audience Kappa. Trustee of the Tax-Free Funds of aircraft carrier, USS Saratoga. having crossed the city during We have four children and Hawaii, Oregon and Rhode He attended the Navy Language the busiest rush hours from his have spent a large part of our Island. School in Boulder, Colorado, office at Aoyama Gakuin married life in Japan, where In 1975 the Harvard Business where he was trained as a University to come to Waseda Griff has made a career of law School Association of Boston Japanese interpreter. and hear my lecture. Once I and his knowledge in Japan. Our selected Alden for its Business As Associate Dean of the finished my presentation on the hobby has been hiking trips Statesman Award. The Harvard Graduate School of Austrian School critique of the (including Nepal, New Zealand, Associated Alumni of Brown Business Administration, he neoclassical approach and how Peru, and Europe), although the University selected him in 1987 taught and directed Advanced one approach could join forces Northwest will always rate as #1. for "The Independent Award." management Programs in Japan, with the other in the common We have acquired a notable Between 1978 and 1983 he Mexico, Puerto Rico, and cause of scientific explanation, collection of Meiji-Taisho served under two Governors as Hawaii. He helped to establish all heads turned to Martin to paintings on which we are still chairman of the Massachusetts Japan's first Graduate School of offer criticism. Martin was the working and also have a fairly Business Development Council Business Administration at Keio most senior and (therefore) one sizable collection of modern and the Foreign Business University and taught for two of the most distinguished Japanese prints. In a word, Japan Council, both of which were summers in Japan in the professors present. Martin has been and still is a large part created to assist in the Harvard-Keio Executive underscored my call for of our life. improvement of the business Development Program for "methodological tolerance" in Patricia O’Sullivan Way Japanese business leaders. While WAVE JLS 1944 climate in Massachusetts and to the profession - a view that he ______encourage location of business in at Harvard, he established the himself had expressed quite the Commonwealth. Alden led Institute for College and consistently twenty years earlier University Administrators, financed by-the Carnegie fields except the performing arts the Chinese language. In 1986, attached to the 5th Army that was Corporation of Now York. The (www.gf.org.158fellow.html). In he became one of the first to attack and invade Japan in institute conducted case-study order to be a part of this group academics to travel to China, November 1945, and that army seminars for college presidents, you must either live in the which had opened its gates to needed more interpreters. I was deans, and trustees (a total of United States, Canada, Latin foreign researchers only very issued an Army uniform from over 5,000 academic America, or the Caribbean. A recently. At the time, the long johns to Eisenhower Jacket administrators over a period of year later the University of National Academy of Sciences and was ordered to wear it from ten years). Chicago Press published his was seeking new forms of that time on, but I continued to Mrs. Alden is the former book Village Japan, which cooperation between academics wear the Navy cap and all- Marion Frances Parson, a native mostly consisted of case studies in China and the United States, weather coat. There must have of Chicago and a graduate of about villages in Japan and and Harold's research group on been many other hybrid uniform Ohio Wesleyan University. The Japan's rural conditions. Later early childhood was chosen to be wearers, but I am sure only that Aldens have four children: Beardsley started to write and act the first of its scientific Norm Juster was one [Hybrid Robert, Anne, James and David, in a series of television programs exchanges. [to be cont‟d] uniforms? I am certain that was and four grandchildren. They about Asia, done for the a crowd-pleaser]. Center for Japanese Studies reside at 37 Warren Street, University of Michigan University of Michigan Duane J. Flaherty Brookline, Massachusetts. Mrs. television center. Winter 2002 Newsletter OLS 1945 ______Alden passed away in 1999. (www.publicanthropology.org) In 1978 Richard King [Ed. Note: Other possible The King of Thailand Birthplace Flaherty’s members of this class may be Foundation (KTBF) Beardsley died at the age of 60. those who entered in late April 2003 Class of 1945

______Carisa Thran, 2003 or mid May. So here goes: References (Cont‟d) When I first went to Catt, John, 5/11/44 Richard King Beardsley Nkwenti, Edna, Biography: Boulder, I didn‟t bring my Cox, H. M, 5/16/44 1918-1978 Richard King Beardsley, 2002 family (I waited until I was Gilman, Howard L., 5/22/44 ______commissioned). I had Room 18 Jacobs, Warren C., 5/16/44 Richard King Beardsley was HAROLD STEVENSON in the Men‟s Dorm, and had a brought up in San Francisco Kerr, Thomas W., 5/16/44 Professor Emeritus Of roommate. He only lasted a short Merrill, Walter M., 5/16/44 California, even though he was Psychology And Fellow time. I didn‟t recognize his name born in Cripple Creek, Colorado, Quine, John, 5/15/44 Center For Human Growth on the list, that may be my Reeves, Clair B., 5/16/44 in December of 1918. After his memory. graduation from the University And Development Ritter, William M., 5/16/44 But there was another fellow of California in Berkley in 1939 Robinson, Jethro C., 5/16/44 [Cont’d] Upon graduating from in the group named Curtis where he graduated suma cum Stanford with a Ph.D. in Prendergast who was a Time H. Morris Cox wrote an article laude, then he went into the Psychology, Harold stayed in correspondent in Paris and had a on his class of 1945, that had a . During academia and became a Ph.D. from the Sorbonne. He left number of the same names; see Beardsley's four years in the professor. During his career, he on another assignment. An Issues #70 and #71. Most of the Navy he was a Japanese taught at Pomona College, the article in The Interpreter April entries started in the early language officer. After his four University of Texas, the [mentioned in #76A, submitted days of the month and there were years in the Navy he returned University of Minnesota, and the an article in #77, yours from so many that they probably back to the University of University of Michigan. 91A, and Robert R. Brown’s in constituted a class of their own.] California were he earned his ______Since 1986, Harold and his #119] not long ago spoke of him, PhD in anthropology. team from the U-M have been and I gather that he returned to $Donations Accepted Soon after Beardsley finished working closely with Boulder in another group his schooling at the University of psychologists at the University [10/19/44]. His name was not If you wish to support the California he accepted a job at of Tokyo, Sendai University, and on the list [of classmates]. JLS/OLS Archival Project in ways other than giving papers the University of Michigan in Hokkaido University. Together, During our first oral exam, 1947, as an anthropologist. the American and Japanese while waiting outside the room you may contribute donations to Beardsley continued his interest researchers conducted a study to be called in, and the tension our US Navy JLS/OLS Fund. with the Japanese during his time focusing on the upper 2% of was at a high pitch, there was a We hire work-study students on this fund, tripling its value. If at the University of Michigan. performers in American and fellow standing behind me who As the Director of the Center of Japanese schools. Many asked for all to hear, “I wonder you wish to donate, make your Japanese Studies he also served defenders of the American if, when I go in, I throw up on check out to the University of as a member of the senate education system claim that the floor, will they pass me?” I Colorado Foundation, writing US Navy JLS Fund on the assembly and an active while Japan and other countries think his name was Steinbrenner Chairman of the Department of can, on average, score higher on or close enough to it that I would memo line to the bottom left of Anthropology. standardized tests in math and recognize it. The name was not your check, and mail it to our While continuing on with his other subjects than American contact address. on the list [?Sparrenberger, Japanese studies he made his children, the top 2% of American Charles Henry, 4/19/44, David Hays first trip to Japan in 1950 with children can fare better than the Evansville, IN. We do not know if Archives other Michigan scholars. During top 2% of children in other the “old up-chuck ploy” worked, University of Colorado at Boulder this trip he intensively studied a countries. Their study found that, as he is not listed among the 184 UCB small village in Okayama contrary to popular belief, the graduates]. Boulder, Colorado 80309-0184 prefecture (Edna Nkwenti, 1). In top 2% of the Japanese children I am going to finish this Phone (303) 492-7242 1958, Beardsley joined the John scored higher than the top 2% of meandering (I hear a sigh of Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fax (303) 492-3960 American children. relief) with a vignette of the Foundation. This foundation Through his studies, Harold hybrid uniform. While in Email: [email protected] ______provides fellowships for also developed a keen interest in Washington in July 1945, I was advanced professionals in all China and even began studying