Research, December Cainozoic 8(1-2), pp. 41-99, 2011

The molluscan fauna of the Eocene Lillebælt Clay, Denmark

Kai+Ingemann Schnetler¹ &Claus Heilmann-Clausen²

1 Fuglebakken 14, Stevnstrup, DK-8870Langd, Denmark; [email protected]

2 Department ofGeoscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C., Denmark; [email protected]

Received 18 October 2011; revised version accepted 30 October 2011

For the first time the molluscan faunaofthe latestYpresian-early Lutetian LillebæltClay Formationof Denmark is treated monographi-

cally. The assemblage yielded 75 species. Four new species and one new subspecies are introduced, viz. Astartefiligera treldensis n.

subsp., Abra madseni n. sp., Thracia barsoei n. sp., Galeodeaanderseni n. sp. and Desorinassa tonneseni n. sp. The molluscan assem- blage contains species known from different stratigraphic levels of the British Eocene, where the Lillebaslt Clay correlates with the

BrackleshamGroup, basedon micropalaeontologicaland magnetostratigraphical data. The molluscan fauna suggests water depths during

deposition to have ranged from lower sublittoral to upper bathyal, probably 100-300 m.

KEY-WORDS:: Mollusca, taxonomy, biostratigraphy, palaeontology, palaeoecology, LillebæltClay, Eocene, Denmark, North Sea Basin.

Introduction In spite of the rarity of macrofossils, intensive collecting

since the 1960s has resulted in much material of mainly

Clays and marls were deposited during the Ypresian and washed out specimens, including molluscs. Bonde (1968)

Lutetian in most or all ofthe present Danish land area. At gave an account of the material known at that time. The

least in some places deposition ofsimilar clays continued bulk of it was collected on the SE coast of Trelde Naes by

into the Late Eocene. The area was covered by the North the junior author, then a high-school student, and most of

Sea, andthe environmentwas offshore with deep, probably his material has been included in the present study. The

upper bathyal waters. The clays are of an unusual, ex- fauna is preserved as impressions in sideritic/phosphatic

tremely fine-grained lithology and represent a hemipelagic concretions, or as pyrite moulds.However, manypyritized

sediment type. They have been known since the 19th cen- specimens have been destroyed by disintegration during

‘ tury as the ‘Plastic Clay’ (locally also as valkeler fuller’s the years. Many macrofossils were also collected in these

The in coastal cliffs the earth). clays are exposed along years by the late Henning Lange (Fredericia). Since the

of strait shores northernLillebaelt, the between Jutland and 1990s a large number of specimens have been collected

exceed in Funen (Fig. 1). They 100 m thickness, and are washed out on the SE coast ofTrelde Naes, mainly in side-

now formally named, in ascending order, the Rosnaes Clay ritic/phosphatic concretions, especially by Mogens Mad-

Lillebaelt Formation and Sovind Marl and the late Formation, Clay sen, Sten Bo Andersen, H. C. Hansen Soren

Formation(Heilmann-Clausen etal, 1985). The thickest of Peter Andersen (all from Fredericia), Ole Barsoe Hansen

these formations is the Lillebaelt Clay, which form nearly (Kolding) and Susan Schou Sorensen (Valby).

all ofthe outcrops in the northern Lillebaelt area. Thus, the large material from Trelde Naes now available

The Plastic Clay is very poor in macrofossils, which is why has justified a monographic treatment of the molluscan

its age was not ascertained for many years. Molluscs are fauna for taxonomic reasons. Furthermore, a study of the

the shell generally poorly preserved, as original aragonitic assemblage has yielded important information on the

material in all has dissolved. nearly cases been Internal palaeoecology and has formed the basis for comparisons

moulds and impressions are found in sideritic/phosphatic with other Eocene faunas.

concretions, so in many cases casts of silicone latex must

be made. Internal moulds may also be preserved as pyrite, Abbreviations

sometimes with the original shell material preserved or

replaced by pyrite. The pyritized molluscs can be found on MGUH Geological Museum, type collection, Copen-

the foreshore together with pyrite-stems of crinoids. Such hagen, Denmark.

specimens are difficultto store in collections, due to pyrite GM Geological Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark.

disintegration. In the clays rare calcitic bivalves may be NHMUK- G The Natural History Museum,Department of

found with parts ofthe shell preserved. Palaeontology, London, UK. -42-

CHC Claus Heilmann-Clausen collection, Aarhus, mark.

Denmark. SPAF the late Soren Peter Andersen collection, Frede-

ISL Kai Ingemann Schnetlercollection, Langa, Den- ricia, Denmark.

mark. GPF Geologisk-Palaeontologisk Museum collection,

OBK Ole Barsoe Hansen collection, Kolding, Den- Fredericia, Denmark.

mark. SSV Susan Schou Sorensen collection, Valby, Den-

JTK Jesper and Thomas Hansen collection, Kolding, mark.

Denmark. KPJ Kolja Petersen collection, Jelling, Denmark.

MMF Michael Tonnesen collection, Fredericia, Den- JFR Jytte Frederiksen collection, Risskov, Denmark.

Figure 1. The Trelde Nass peninsula with localities mentioned in the text and in Fig. 2. The position ofthe LB 38 borehole (GEUS file

is also shown. inserted no. 134.518) The map of Denmark and northern Germany shows the position ofTrelde Nass (arrow). In black: Eocene subcrop (below Quaternary). -43-

Figure 2. Logged Eocene sections on Trelde Nass and in the LB 38 borehole. All sections drawn to scale. Lithostratigraphy ofLB 38

after Dinesen (1965) and Heihnann-Clausen et al. (1985). Kirstmebjerg East and Vesterskov after Heilmann-Clausen (1978).

Kirstinebjerg Southafter Heilmann-Clausen etal. (1985); this section was not studied for dinocysts. Calcareous nannofossil dataafter

E. Thomsen, Aarhus University (pers. comm. 2011). The dinocyst zones are defined in Heilmann-Clausen (1988). P. regalis Zone for (new name the P. geminatumZone) (Heilmann-Clausen & van Simaeys, 2005). Magnetostratigraphyafter Heilmann-Clausen& Beyer (in prep.). -44-

Figure 3. The Kirstinebjerg East section exposing beds L2-L4 of the LillebaeltClay Formation. The reddish interval is Bed L3. The strata

in form an anticline, here seenin cross section e. photographed the directionofthe fold axis), June2010. The person asymmetrical (/. ,

is standing at the fold axis, close to the level ofthe ‘mussel layer’ of Fig. 2.

The Eocene outcrops on the Trelde Næs peninsula sented in the sliding masses ofL5-L6 is probably much

in the thicker, most likely about 40 m, as recorded

Late Ypresian and early Lutetian plastic clay crops out nearby LB 38 borehole (Figs 1 and 2).

the of Trelde between the few small ofthe Sovind Marl Formationhave extensively on SE coast Nass, A outcrops

Fredericia of been 0sterskov 1 and and the city of and the tip the peninsula (Fig. 1). logged at (Figs 2) near

Most of the outcrops consist of strata of the Lillebaelt Kirstinebjerg East section (Fig. 1). At the latter locality

Clay Formation, subdivided into 6 regionally distributed, small temporary exposures ofthe Late Oligocene Brej-

formally described beds, numberedLI to L6 (Heilmann- ning Formation have also been observed (Schnetler,

Clausen et al, 1985). On TreldeNaes only the beds L2 to 1985).

L6 are present (Fig. 2). The oldest strata (beds L2-L4) Large quantities of sideritic and phosphatic concretions

occur in a few semipermanent sea-cliffs up to c. 15m are continuously washed out of the landslides and sea

of and accumulate the beach. The ofthe high with glacially intensively folded successions the cliffs, on majority

thickness of concretions rich in fossils but devoid of strata (Fig. 3). A stratigraphical 17.5-18 m are trace macro-

ofthis has been measured fossils. small numberofthe concretions include fossils part (Heilmann-Clausen et al, A

1985). The youngerbeds L5 and L6 are highly smectitic ofinvertebrates, mainly molluscs, and vertebrates. Small

and, due to the strong water-binding capacity ofthis clay pyrite concretions, including rare moulds and replace-

of mineral, these beds form no permanent cliff sections. ments of body fossils, are likewise washed out the

landslides and accumulate residual fields the Instead they comprise large, spectacular along clay may as pyrite on

most of the 6 km long SE'coast of TreldeNaes (Fig. 4). beach. Despite the rarity of macrofossils intensive col-

Because of the disturbances the total thickness of beds lecting by numerous enthusiasts over many years have

L5 and L6 is unknown. Heilmann-Clausenetal. (1985) brought to lightmore than a thousandmollusc specimens

the logged a thickness of c.l 1 m in sections exposing beds which have provided basis for the present description

the L5 and L6 (Fig. 2), but the totalthickness of strata repre- of assemblage. -45-

Figure 4. Sliding masses ofbeds L5/L6 northeastof0sterskov section, 2009

Calcareous nannofossil and zonations northern dinocyst Germany and Belgium was established (Heil-

mann-Clausen & Costa, 1989). The correlation with Bel-

The L2-L4 beds non-calcareousand calcareous showed are nanno- gium that Bed LI and the lowerpart ofBed L2 are

fossils are only in a few in Bed of latest present thin, marly layers Ypresian age and that the Ypresian/Lutetian tran-

L5 and in more numerous in Bed L6. The sition marly layers (as then conceived) occurs within Bed L2. An inde-

nannofossils that beds L5 and L6 Trelde Naes suggest at pendent study by de Coninck (1991) came to a similar con- in NP15 belong (Lutetian) (Fig. 2), and it is probable that clusion. However, the recently established GSSP for the Bed L5 in the lowermost belongs part of that zone (E. base of the Lutetian indicates that the Ypresian/Lutetian

Aarhus In the Thomsen, University, pers. comm., 2011). boundary (as now formalized) occurs at a slightly higher

Viborg-1 boreholethe lowest samples oftheLillebaelt Clay level (see below).

Formation calcareous nannofossils from yielding are top-

most L5 and lower L6. They were referred to NP14 by The Azolla event and paleomagnetic data

Thiede al. that et (1980). However, a new study suggests

this intervalshould instead be included in NP15 Thom- ofthe freshwater (E. Spores fern Azollaoccur in a thin interval

sen, pers. comm, in Heilmann-Clausen & van Simaeys, in the middleof Bed L2 (Heilmann-Clausen, 1978;Collin- 2005, p. 194). son et al, 2010) (Fig. 2). This Azolla event forms an im-

In contrast to calcareous din- microfossils, organic-walled portant tool for correlationand age determinationbecause

oflagellate are abundant and cysts (dinocysts) well- it is widespread in the North Sea and Norwegian- in all the Eocene Trelde Nass. In beds preserved strata on Greenland Sea where it occurs in the same position relative

L1-L4 dinocysts are essentially the only availabletool for to the dinocyst succession (Eldrett et al, 2004; Brinkhuis

The first ofthe made et biostratigraphy. study dinocysts was al, 2006; Collinson et al, 2010). The Azolla event is Heilmann-Clausen numberof by (1978). A dinocyst zones probably synchronous with a strong bloomofAzolla in the of the Lillebaelt Clay Formation were defined later (Heil- Arctic Ocean where episodic freshening of the surface

mann-Clausen, and, based on this, a correlationwith allowed 1988) waters the ferns to grow vigorously within the -46-

ocean itself(Brinkhuis et al, 2006). Thepresence ofAzol- The oldest known mollusc-bearing horizon at TreldeNaes, la spores in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea and the North the ‘mussel layer’ (Fig. 2), is only a few cm thick and oc-

that Azolla interval of Bed the of Sea is less well explained. It seems most likely curs within the Azolla L2 (near top

lakes of the North and the the it is of grew in swamps and NE Sea Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum dinocyst zone);

rivers spores were transported to sea by during an import- latest Ypresian age. The horizon was found in the Skyde-

sections it ant transgression (Heilmann-Clausen et al, 2010). bane Nord and Kirstinebjerg East where occurs

obtained data from the - of The horizon Recently paleomagnetic Hinge clay 15 20 cm above the upper two sapropels.

(Heilmann-Clausen et al. 2010) and TreldeNaes (Beyer is from the mollusc-free pit , lithologically indistinguishable

& Heilmann-Clausen, unpublished data 2011) show that strata below and above. During field work by the junior the Chron C22n/C21r boundary is located within Bed L2 author in the 1960s the density of molluscs was estimated

2 and within the Azolla interval (Fig. 2). In the Norwegian- to be 10-15 specimens/m and the layer was named ‘mus-

Greenland Sea (Eldrett et al, 2004) the Azolla pulse like- lingelaget’ (‘the mussel layer’). Bivalves were the most wise straddles the C22n/C21r boundary, testifying the syn- common, but a few gastropods (including the conical chroneity of the event. pteropod Creseis sp.), a lingulid brachiopod and fish re-

mains were also recovered. The molluscs were preserved

The Ypresian/Lutetian boundary with their original shell material, sometimes with precipita-

tion of pyrite. It is notable that a single pyrite mould of a

from horizon. The fol- As described above, the Ypresian/Lutetian transition was gastropod was also collected this

mollusc described from this previously thought to be located in the middle ofBed L2, lowing taxa are layer: Pro-

sections cf. Littorinis- based on a biostratigraphic correlation to Belgian peamussium sp., Aviculoperna limaeformis,

cala scalarioides and near the original type area for the Lutetian stage (Paris Creseis sp.

in sideritic Basin). A single Pholadomya virgulosa preserved ma-

A problem for locating the precise position in the Danish terial was collected in the 1970s by the junior author in a succession (and elsewhere) ofthe Ypresian/Lutetian boun- temporary exposure of Bed L5 between Skydebane Nord

has been the lack of and South. It is that the dary a precise, internationally agreed Kirstinebjerg noteworthy preserva-

definitionofthe stage boundary. Recently, however, such a tion (paired valves with posterior part missing) is quite

definition (a Global Stratotype Section and Point, GSSP) similar to the many washed out sideritic moulds of this has been established(Molina etal, 2011). The base ofthe species.

Lutetianis defined atthe first occurrence ofthe calcareous Scattered pyritized crinoid stems ofIsselicrinus subbasalti-

nannofossi!Blackites inflatus in the Gorrondatxe section in formis (Miller, 1821), the brachiopod Terebratulina

northern Spain (Orue-Extebarria et al, 2006). This level wardenensis Elliott, 1955 preserved in original calcific

has been chosen to place the Ypresian/Lutetian boundary shell material, and a single bivalve in aragonitic preserva-

closeto the base ofthe classical Lutetian deposits (Calcaire tion have been recorded in Bed L4 during field work at

Grassier) in the Paris Basin, Vesterskov (Fig. 2).

Unfortunately, due to the absence of calcareous nannofos- A slab of clay housed in the Geological Museum in

sils this of the Danish the collected Fredericia in 1908 in part succession, precise posi- Copenhagen, near (GM

tion of be includes of cf. the Ypresian/Lutetian boundary cannot recog- 1908.191) two specimens Aviculoperna

coincides in similar in the ‘mussel nized using biostratigraphy. However, the GSSP limaeformis preservation as layer’

with and maximum but of the slab that it a significant, possibly global, flooding a dinocyst analysis (Table 1) suggests

surface which is approximately 800 kyr younger than the is probably derived from Bed L4.

Chron C22n/C21r boundary (Molina et al, 2011). Dinesen (1965) recorded macrofossils at various levels in

A distinctive, burrowed and cementedhorizon occurs in all the LB 38 borehole (Fig. 2). They include, in ascending

Danish sections withinor (as at Trelde Nass) at the base of order: a gastropod (at 85.5 m, near the L1/L2 boundary),

Bed L3 as described by Heilmann-Clausenet al. (1985). bivalves? and fish remains (at 82.6 m, in Bed L2, possibly

The lithology of the horizon suggests that it was formed equivalent to the ‘mussel layer’ at Trelde Nass), a pyritized

during a temporary cessation of sedimentsupply all over crinoid (at 76.7 m, close to the L3/L4 boundary), a shell

therefore condensed interval. 72 Bed and small bivalve 60 the region and represents a fragment (at m. L4), a (at m,

Based on estimatedsedimentationrates ofthe lower Lille- Bed L5).

baslt Clay (Heilmann-Clausen & Beyer, in prep.) it is very

- situ likely that this horizon represents the condensed section Washed out material The ex material consists ofpy-

corresponding to the maximum flooding surface of the rite moulds and of specimens preserved in sideri-

Ypresian/Lutetian GSSP (Figs 2, 5). tic/phosphatic concretions. Scattered pyrite accumulations

on the foreshore probably wash out from strata in the vi-

Provenance of studied molluscs cinity. This suggests thatpart ofthe materialcame from the

L2-L4 interval, e.g. at Skydebane Nord (Fig. 1). Other

In situ material- In order to evaluate the provenance ofthe parts of the pyritized material almost certainly originate

out molluscs studied, which are almost all washed speci- from the L5-L6 interval, as indicatedby field observations

from the outermost ofTrelde where mens, first an overview ofthe few in situ records is given part Nass only the L5

here. and L6 beds occur. Onthe foreshore of this area a residual -47-

field observed pyrite was in of ‘London 2007, lying directly on top (King, 2006) Clay’ is now indicated as London clay from the L5-L6 interval. This accumulation included a Clay Formation in the Thames Group, of Early Eocene typical pyritized fossil assemblage consisting predomi- (Ypresian) age and subdivided into Divisions A to E, and

ofcrinoid and bivalves and nantly stems, more rarely gas- including a number offormally named members. tropods. The ‘Bracklesham Beds’, belonging to the Bracklesham

Moulds in washed out sideritic/phosphatic concretions rep- Group, are ofEarly to MiddleEocene (late Ypresian to late resent the majority of the material studied herein. Dino- Lutetian) age and include the Wittering, Earnley, Marsh and cysts are common usually well-preserved in these con- Farm and Selsey formations.

cretions. In order to identify their a selection The so-called provenance, ‘Barton Beds’ belong in the Middle to Late of 11 concretions with molluscs and (10 one with a crab) Eocene (late Lutetian to early Priabonian) Barton Group, were examined for their dinocyst contents (Table 1). This subdivided into the Barton Clay and Becton Sand forma- made it possible to identify the dinocyst zone and thus the tions. stratigraphic interval from which the concretion de- The ‘Headon Beds’ was are now the Late Eocene (Priabonian) rived. In a similar have been Headon Hill Formation. Of way dinocysts previously occurrences specified in the used to determine the of stratigraphic provenance concre- older literaturethe detailedlithostratigraphic origin usually tions from Trelde Naes yielding pteropods (Janssen et al, cannot be recognised.

2007). As seen from Table 1, ten ofthe concretions belong

in the Wetzeliellaarticulata-ovalisZone, referring them to the interval Bed L4-lower Bed while be- upper L6, one Systematic palaeontology longs in the overlying Phthanoperidinium regalis Zone

(upper Bed L6-lowermost Sovind Marl The Formation). systematic arrangement ofthe bivalves follows thatof

Similarly, the six previously analysed concretions Moore and (Janssen (1960,1969) Beesleye/a/. (1998). The gastro- et al., in the Wetzeliella articulata-ovalis 2007) belong pods are arranged in accordance with the family-level Zone and derived from Bed are probably L5 or lowerpart classification ofBouchet & Rocroi (2005). The nomencla- ofBed L6. The ofthe Zone of the bivalves is based top Phthanoperidinium regalis ture mainly on Cox in Moore is of middle mid Chron C20r Lutetian, age (Thomsen et (1969) and that ofthe gastropods follows Cox in Moore in al, press). It can therefore be concluded that all the (1960). A list of mollusc species is given in Table 2. washed out materialofthe In several the identifications sideritic/phosphatic present (and cases are not completely as- previous) study is derived from ofthe certained. higher parts strata Many species are represented by incomplete or

in the cliffs - exposed (upper Bed L4 lowermost Sovind poorly preserved specimens which lack important charac-

MarlForm.) and is of Lutetian For early age. comparisons teristics oftaxonomic value. Furthermore, literature on the with the studies numerous ofmolluscs from southern Eng- North Sea Basin Eocene Mollusca has not been revised land correlation to this a region is shown in Fig. 5. recently. The comparison with materialin theNatural His-

tory Museum (London) has been very important, and the Previous work same is true for material obtained from private collections.

recorded few molluscs Gagel (1917) a from the plastic Class Bivalvia Linnaeus, 1758

tubes ofTeredinidaeand the clay, including bivalve genus Subclass ProtobranchiaPelseneer, 1889

‘ ’ Perna which has not been foundagain. The rather exten- Order Nuculoida Dali, 1889 sive material from the collections ofthe 1960s was studied Superfamily Nuculoidea Gray, 1824 by Bonde(1968). He published a list ofinvertebrate fossils Family Nuculidae Gray, 1824 known from the Eocene ‘plastic clay’ and stated that they Genus Nucula Lamarck, 1799 probably all originated in the Lillebaslt Clay. The inverte- Subgenus LamellinuculaSchenck, 1944 brates in the material were identified in cooperation with

Alfred Rosenkrantz and Soren Floris of the Geological Nucula (Lamellinucula) minor Deshayes, 1860 Museum of Copenhagen. In Bonde’s account ofthe mol- Plate 1, fig. la-b luscs the na-mings of Rosenkrantz were indicated with

‘Rkz’. Rosen-krantz also wrote remarks on taxonomy on *1860 Nucula minor 17-20. Deshayes, p. 823, pi. 64, figs some ofthe labels. In other cases additional notes are writ-

1864 Nucula minor - Deshayes Wood, p. 114, pi. 18, fig. ten the and of the on labels, apparently part material was 10. inspected by C. King in 1972. He compared some species 1965a Nucula (Lamellinucula) minor Deshayes, 1858 - from the with from the British Eocene. Gilbert & plastic clay species van de Poel, p. 16.

Comparison with SE England Materialanddimensions- Two double-valved specimens

found were but imperfectly preserved (OBK 708): an in- indications used in the Lithostratigraphic as present paper ternal mouldofa right valve and the exterior impression of for British occurrences are the traditional the and namings, as same specimen (OBK 736), one fragmentary valve found in the ‘classic’ literature Newton, In The illustrated (mainly 1891). (OBK 1005). specimen (ex OBK 736) has a the current British classification of lithostratigraphic (Fig. 5) length 14.8 mm and an estimated height of 7 mm. -48 -

Figure 5. Correlation ofthe Eocene strata in the northern Lillebaelt areawith the succession in southern England.For convenience the

older English terminologyis also shown. Based in part onKing (2006) and Payros etal. (2009). Only polarity chrons and calcareous

nannofossil zones shown in Fig. 2 are identified in Denmark. -49-

No. Collection Taxon Dinocyst Taxon Dinocyst zone Probable provenance Comments

No. id.id. prep.prep.

1 2921 08K1204OBK 1204 - W.IN. articulata-ovalis Bed 14 - lower of Pholadomya upperupper presence H.-opsis

virgulosavirgutosa Zone, probably Bed LL5 5 costae, W.VJ. articulataarticulate cf.

lower part brevicornuta

22 2922 OBK 1205 Volutocorbis P. regalis Zone BedBed LL66 - lowermost

ambigua Sevind Marl Fm.

3 2923 OBK 1209 Cyclocardia W.VJ. articulata-ovalis BedBed LL55 - Bed 16 zone uncertain because of

? subelegans Zone, upper partpart presence of P. aff.aff. regalis

44 29322932 OBK 1043 unidentified VJ. articulata-ovalis Bed 1414 - lower upperupper

gastropod Zone BedBed L16 6

5 29332933 OBK 1149 Astarte VJ. articulata-ovalis - filigera upperupper Bed LL44 - lower

Zone BedBed 16

6 29342934 OBK 1312 - Cyclocardia VJ. articulata-ovalis upperupper Bed LL44 - lower

subelegans Zone Bed LL6 6

7 29352935 08K1314OBK1314 VJ. articulata-ovalis Bed L4 - lower of VJ. articulate Cyclocardia upper L 4 - presence

subelegans Zone, probably Bed LL5 5 brevicornuta

lower part

8 2936 OBK 1280 W.VJ. articulata-ovalis Bed L4 - lower Falsiportunites upper L 4 -

longispinosus Zone Bed 16

(a crab)

9 2944 OHO 26- Atrina affinis VJ. articulata-ovalisarticulata-ovalis - upper Bed L144 - lower presencepresence of H.-opsis costae

El4OE140 Zone, lower or Bed LL5 5

middle part

10 2955 CHCS2-CHC 52- W.VJ. articulata-ovalisarticulata-ovalis Bed L4 - lower of Pholadomya upper L 4 - presencepresence H.-opsis costae

EE149149 virgulosavirgutosa Zone, lower or Bed LL5 5 & H.-gylon clausenii

middle part

11 2956 CMCCHC 2000- Galeodea stria- IV.VJ. articulata-ovalisarticulata-ovalis - upper Bed L144 - lower presence ofH.-opsis

1 ta Zone, lower or Bed LL5 5 costae,costae, H.-gylon clausenii &

middle part W.VJ. a. brevicornutabrevicornuta

12 2954 Geol. Mus. IV.VJ. articulata-ovalisarticulata-ovalis Bed LL4 Aviculoperna upper 4

1908.191 cf. limaeformis Zone, lowerlower part

Fredericia

13 13 2945 CHC Creseis sp. A. diktyoplokum 'mussel layer'layer1 in BedBed L212 unspecified Zone

clay sample

Table 1. zone and of sideritic Dinocyst provenance concretions with molluscs and a crab (no. 8). Also included are two clay samples: (nos. 12, 13) with molluscs from unknown localities.

Description - The shell is small, ovate-triangular with the and the pallial line is not preserved. The ventral margin is umbo placed posteriorly. The anterior dorsal margin is finely crenulated.

the dorsal slightly convex; posterior margin slightly con-

The exterior ofthe shell has fine — cave. but distinct concen- Discussion Of the Nucula species with a crenulated mar- tric The internal mould is growth-lines. (OBK 736) very gin Nucula ampla (Wood, 1864, p. 108, pi. 18, figs 5a-b, well preserved. The umbo is opisthogyrate and there is an 6a-b), N. bowerbankii J.D.C. Sowerby, 1834, N. dixoni

of 115°between the anteriorand the dor- angle c. posterior (Wood, 1864, p. 112, pi. 18, fig. 7a-c), N. protracta sal The anterior margins. hinge line is regularly convex and (Wood, 1864, p. 117, pi. 18, fig. 15), N. sericea Wood, has 20 teeth. The is angulated posterior row slightly con- 1864 (p. 119, pi. 19, fig. 3). N. praelongata Wood, 1864

cave and has 11 teeth. The adductor scars are indistinct. (Wood 1864, p. 116, pi. 19, fig. la-b), N. tumescens -50-

fig. (Wood, 1864, p. 121, pi. 18, fig. la-c) and N. wetherellii 17, 6a-c.

1891 Nuculana amygdaloides (J. de C. Sowerby, 1827)- J.D.C. Sowerby, 1834 (Wood, 1864, p. 121, pi. 18, fig. la- Newton, 27. c) all have a smooth exterior. N. consors Wood, 1864 (p. p. 1965a Portlandia (Pseudoportlandia?)amygdaloides (J. de 111, pi. 19, fig. 7a-b), N. curvata (Wood, 1864, p. 112, pi.

C. - & de Sowerby, 1827) Gilbert van Poel, p. 31. similis J. 18, fig. 12a-b), N. Sowerby, 1819 (Wood, p. 118,

- 149. 1968 Nuculana sp. Bonde, p. pi. 18, fig. 11 a-c) and N. subtransversa Nyst, 1845all have 1975 Ledinaamygdaloides (J. de C. Sowerby) - Castell & radial ornament on the exterior surface. Cox, pi. 5, figs 5-6.

Distribution - According to Newton (1891) the species is

Material and dimensions- Two complete specimens and restricted to the Bracklesham Beds. 12 valves were found.An internal pyritic mould is present

in CHC (E 102). Length up to 23.5 mm, height 13.1 mm. Genus LeionuculaQuenstedt, 1930

Description - The shell is rather large and subelliptical.

Leionuculaproava (Wood, 1864) The shells are equivalve, the valve is inequilateral, and the

Plate 1, figs 2-3 slightly opisthogyrate umbo only projects a little. The

length/height ratio is almost 2.0. The anterior dorsal mar-

*1864 Nucula 3a-b. proava Wood, p. 117, pi. 20, fig. gin is slightly convex, passing gradually into the highly

convex anterior margin. The posterior dorsal margin is

Materialanddimensions-The interioroftwo valves right slightly concave and passes into the posterior margin at an

411 and and left valve (OBK 1064) a fragmentary (MMF) obtuse angle (c. 150°). The highly convex posterior margin

with the exterior were found. The shell on PI. 1, preserved passes gradually into the slightly convex to almost recti-

2 has of 8.5 and of 5.3 linear ventral which into the fig. a length mm a height mm. margin, passes gradually an-

terior margin. The anterior hinge line has about 18 angu-

Description - The shell is elongate with the umbo placed lated teeth, the posterior about 20. The ligament pit is

The anterior dorsal is almost and below the umbo.The posteriorly. margin straight, small, triangular placed top angle

while the dorsal is posterior margin distinctly concave, ofthe ligament pit is c. 45°. The exterior ofthe shell has a the The meeting posterior margin at an obtuse angle. an- concentric ornament consisting of rather widely spaced terior dorsal the anterior in margin joins margin a regular furrows. From the umbo to the anterior and posterior cor-

curve and the anterior margin continues gradually into the ners there are rounded edges. The lunula and area are very ventral The anterior line has long, convex margin. hinge 12 indistinct. The interior ofthe shell is smooth and glossy. the The anterior dorsal has teeth, posterior eight. margin a The pallial line is situated rather far from the ventral mar-

of the dorsal is 4.1 length 5.0 mm; posterior margin mm. gin and very indistinct. The adductor impressions are also

The margin is smooth. The exterior is smooth except for indistinct. The of the shell is and very margin sharp concentric growth-lines. smooth.

- Discussion The is rather close to Nucula - specimen Discussion Bonde(1968, p. 149) referred internal pyritic

1864 115, 19, 4a-b, NHMUK- praelonga Wood, (p. pi. fig. moulds to the genus Nuculana (CHC). The Danish speci-

G from Barton. This has less 42584) species, however, a mens differ slightly by having a thicker shell and a more

concave posterior dorsal margin and only 10 and 6 teeth distinct exterior commarginal ornament. of teeth. respectively in the anterior and posterior rows

Nucula nudata Wood, 1864 (p. 115, pi. 20, fig. 4a-b, Distribution- According to Newton (1891) the species is

NHMUK-G 42587) from Headon Hill has a convex an- restricted to the London Clay.

terior dorsal margin.

Bonde mentioned nuculids (1968, p. 149) poorly preserved Family YoldiidaeGilbert & van de Poel, 1965 labelled in grey-green clay. In CHC specimen E 130 was Genus Yoldiella Verrill & Bush, 1897

‘Pectinid’, but is in fact a nuculidand the same is true for E

132.

Yoldiella galeottiana (Nyst, 1845) NuculanoideaH. & A. 1858 Superfamily Adams, Plate 1, fig. 7 Family Nuculanidae H. & A. Adams, 1858

Genus Nuculana Link, 1807 *1845 3. Nucula Galeottiana Nyst, p. 223, pi. 18, fig.

— de in 1850 Nucula serrata J. C. Sowerby Dixon, pp. 93,

170, pi. 2, fig. 9. Nuculana (J.D.C. 1827) amygdaloides Sowerby, 1850 Leda GaleottianaNyst-d’Orbigny, p. 378, pi. ii, no.

Plate 1, figs 4-6 808.

1858 Leda Galeottiana - Nyst Deshayes, p. 830, pi. 66,

*1827 Nucula amygdaloides J.D.C. Sowerby, pi. 554, fig. 4. figs 1-3.

1854 Nucula Sow. — 217. 1864 Leda Galeottiana — amygdaloides Morris, p. Nyst Wood, p. 126, pi. 17, fig.

Leda — 1864 amygdaloides J. Sowerby Wood, p. 125, pi. 2a-b. -51 -

1891 - Nuculana GaleottianaNyst, 1845 Newton, 27. 12 teeth. The p. acutely angulated slightly concave posterior

1936 Nuculana GaleottianaNyst, 1843 - Gilbert, p. 15, has about 15 teeth. The row ligament pit is very small. fig. 8.

1965a Nuculana (Saccella) galeottiana (Nyst, 1843) - Discussion - The Danish material closely matches the de- Gilbert & van de Poel, p. 21. scription and illustrationby Wood(1864) who wrote that it

somewhat difficult was to be sure which species J.

Material and dimensions - Only the illustrated double- had described Sowerby as Nucula minima, as there were

valved specimen was found ex with the (MGUH, GPF) several rather similar species in the British Eocene. visible. posterior part Estimated length 5.0 mm, height 3.5

mm. Distribution - This species is known from the Barton and

Bracklesham beds and the London Clay (Wood, 1864;

Description - The shell is small, dorso-ventrally depressed Newton, 1891). Yoldiellagracilis {Deshayes, 1858) from and with the subelliptical, a depression near pointed ros- the French Eocene is rather similar.

trum. From the umbo a distinct and elevated keel runs to

the end of the posterior comer. The shell has an ornament Yoldiellaoblata (Wood, 1864) of numerous commarginal ribs. Plate 1, figs 10-11

- Discussion This species differs from Yoldiellaminimaby *1864 Leda oblata 10. Wood, p. 128, pi. 19, fig. having a more pointed rostrum with a distinctkeel.

1891 - Nuculana oblata S.V. Wood Newton, p. 28.

1992 Nuculana - 158. oblata (Wood) Tracey, p.

Distribution - Yoldiella galeottiana is known from the 1997 Yoldiella & oblata (Wood, 1864)-Jeffery Tracey, p.

Eocene ofBelgium (Nyst, 1845) and the LutetianofFrance 85, pi. 2, figs 7-8.

(Deshayes, 1858). Newton (1891) stated that the species

occurs in the Barton and Bracklesham - Beds although, ac- Material and dimensions Nine specimens were found

to Wood the is cording (1864), species very rare at Brack- (OBK 163,217,258,376,475, 1077, 1325; 2001/6, MMF

lesham. OBK 11). Specimen 1077 (PI. 1, fig. 10) has a length of

4.7 and of mm a height 4.1 mm, specimen MMF 11 (PI. 1,

has of fig. 11) a length 5.5 mm and a height of4.5 mm.

Yoldiella minima (J. Sowerby, 1818)

Description - The shell is small, subelliptical with rounded Plate 1, figs 8-9 anterior and almost rounded part posterior part, slightly

* inequilateral. The umbo is slightly opisthogyrate and situ- 1818 Nucula minima J. Sowerby, pi. 192, fig. 8. ated 1864 Leda minima J. near the middle ofthe dorsal margin. The is Sowerby- Wood, p. 127, pi. 17, fig. convexity

7a-c. rather strong, especially anteriorly and below the umbo.

1891 Nuculana minima J. 27. The anterior dorsal Sowerby, 1818-Newton, p. margin is convex, passing into the con-

1965a Nuculana - (Saccella) minima (J. Sowerby, 1818) vex anterior margin. The posterior dorsal margin is only

Gilbert& van de Poel, 21. p. slightly convex, passing gradually into the slightly convex

The ventral is posterior margin. margin evenly convex. The

Materialand - dimensions One almost complete specimen anterior line is and has hinge convex c. 17 teeth, whilethe

(OBK 1355) and one right valve (OBK 1088). Length of slightly concave posterior row has c. 11. The teeth are rath- MGUH 29716 is 5.0 3.5 (Plate 1, fig. 9) mm, height mm. er large and The exterior ofthe angulated. shell has very

fine commarginal ribs. The interior is not sufficiently well

Description - The shell is small and ovate, al- elongately preserved to allow a description. with rounded anterior most equilateral a and more pointed

posterior end. The umbo is almost orthogyrate and only Discussion - The shell is somewhat variable in outline. slightly projecting; it is situated anterior just to the middle According to Wood’s description the exterior should be of the shell. The shell is moderately convex, especially smooth and glossy. The Danish material matches the de-

anteriorly and below the umbo, but more flat on the pos- scription, but has fine commarginal ribs.

teriorend with a depression near the rostrum. The anterior

dorsal margin is slightly convex, running into the gradually Distribution - According to Newton (1891) the species is

convex anterior margin. The ventral is convex and margin restricted to the London Clay. meets the short, almost straight posterior margin at an

angle. The dorsal is concave. The posterior margin slightly Subclass Pteriomorphia Beurlen, 1924 exterior has commarginal ribs which are below strongest Superorder Eupteriomorphia Boss, 1982 the umbo and almost completely absent near the posterior Order Arcoida Stoliczka, 1871 end. The lunula and area are demarcated. The den- weakly Superfamily Limopsoidea Dali, 1895

tal margin is thick, the one. The inte- especially posterior Family Limopsidae Dali, 1895 rior is smooth. Adductor scars and line could not be pallial Genus Limopsis Sassi, 1827 observed. The anterior hinge line is convex and has about Subgenus Pectunculina d’Orbigny, 1843 -52-

Limopsis (Pectunculina) cf. scalaris (J.D.C. Sowerby, tary specimens preserved in septaria. The only Danish

1824) specimen matches Wood’s description and illustration.

Plate 1, fig. 12

Distribution — Eocene at Harwich and Bawdsey (Wood,

Synonymy for the real Limopsis scalaris : 1864).

* 1824 Pectunculusscalaris J.D.C. 472, 2. Sowerby, pi. fig. Superfamily PinnoideaLeach, 1819

1854 - Pectunculus scalaris Sow. Morris, p. 207. Family Pinnidae Leach, 1819 1891 J. 21. Limopsis scalaris de C. Sowerby-Newton, p. Genus Atrina Gray, 1842 1965a Limopsis (Pectunculina) scalaris (J. de C. Sowerby,

1824)- Gilbert& van de Poel, p. 73.

- Atrina Materialanddimensions Only one specimen was found, affinis (J. Sowerby, 1821) showing the internal and external moulds ofthe left valve Plate 1, fig. 14

(OBK 1060), length 2.9 mm, height 2.5 mm.

*lß2l Pinna affinis J. Sowerby, p. 10, pi. 313, fig. 2.

1861 Pinna affinis J. Sowerby - Wood, 55, pi. 10, fig. Description - The outline is rounded ovate. The umbo does p. la-c. not project over the straight dorsal margin. The anterior

1891 - Pinna affinis J. Sowerby Newton, p. 9. dorsal margin is a little longer than the posterior. The an-

1965 Atrina affinis (J. Sowerby)b- Glibert & van de Poel, teriorand posterior margins are convex, running gradually p. 9. into the convex ventral margin. The hinge has two rows, 1994 & Atrinaaffinis (J. Sowerby)-Pacaud Marcomini, p. each with four teeth, of which the middle two are the 41. The ventral has about 30 crenulations. strongest. margin 1997 Atrinaaffinis (J. Sowerby, 1821)- Jeffery & Tracey,

The exterior ornament consists of c. 30 radial ribs and 4-5. p. 86, pi. 3, figs weaker commarginal lines.

Material and dimensions- Ten incomplete double-valved

- of final identifi- Discussion Because the juvenile state a specimens were collected. The height of the illustrated cation is not possible. specimen is 83 mm, the length 115 mm and the transverse

diameterabout 55 mm.

Distribution- According to Newton (1891) Limopsis sca-

laris is restricted to the Barton Beds. Description - The shell is large and ratherregularly trigo-

nal. The apex is acute. The dorsal margin is almost straight, Order Mytiloida Ferussac, 1822 meeting the long and convex posterior margin at an acute Superfamily Mytiloidea Rafinesque, 1815 angle. The anterior margin is concave, running gradually Family Mytilidae Rafinesque, 1815 into ventral margin. The radial ornament consists of c. 18 Subfamily ModiolinaeKeen, 1958 ribs of varying strength and spacing. Commarginal folds Genus Modiolus Lamarck, 1799 are especially visible near the umbo.

Discussion - Bonde(1968, p. 149) stated that two species Modiolusundulatus (Wood, 1864) of this in the Lillebaelt genus are present Clay. In CHC Plate 1, fig. 13

specimen E 137 was labelledPinna affinis, whereas E 140

was identified as Pinnapyritiformis? The Danish material ￿1864 Modiola undulata Wood, p. 74, pi. 13, fig. 13a-b. matches the illustrations and description by Wood.

Materialand dimensions - One fragmentary right valve

Distribution- According to Newton (1891) the species is (OBK 1003) was found. The height is 14 mm, length 27 known from the London Clay. mm.

Order Pterioida Newell, 1965 Description - The shell is rather large and elongate- Suborder PteriinaNewell, 1965 mytiliform, very inaequilateral. The umbonal part is not Superfamily Pterioidea Gray, 1847 preserved. The shell is not very inflated. The long dorsal Family Pteriidae Gray, 1847 margin is slightly convex and meets the posterior margin at Genus Pteria Scopoli, 1777 an obtuse angle, to judge from the concentric ornament.

The ventral margin is long and slightly concave anteriorly.

The commarginal ornament consists of about 10 weak

folds ofvarying strength separated by interspaces ofalmost Pteria cf. papyracea (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1837)

equal width. Plate 1, fig. 15

Discussion — based Pteria Wood(1864) this species on fragmen- Synonyms for the real papyracea: -53-

* 1837 Avicula J.D.C. 8, anterior end of the papyracea Sowerby, p. 136, pi. fig. straight hinge margin. Both wings are

16. the anterior is triangular, one the smaller. Commarginal

J. - 1861 Aviculapapyracea Sowerby Wood, 54, pi. 11, p. growth-lines are present and some specimens also have fig. 2a-c. weak radialribs. Hinge and interiorcharacters could not be

1891 Avicula J. de C. - papyracea Sowerby Newton, p. 8. studied on the material available. 1997 - ‘Pteria’papyracea (J. de C. Sowerby, 1837) Jef-

fery & Tracey, p. 86, pi. 3, fig. 3.

Discussion - Ravn (1928, p. 71) referred right valves to

Aviculoperna limaeformis, but Bonde (1968, p. 149) ques- Materialanddimensions- Two specimens were recorded tioned this assignment as the species from the Belgian (OBK 112 and OBK 914).The height of specimen OBK Bruxellian is poorly known. The only specimens (Vincent, 914 is 18 the mm, length 20 mm. of 1893, p. 73) are afragment an adult and a defectiveju-

venile. The adult fragmentary consists ofthe umbonalpart - The Description rather poor material consists of one al- with the anterior auricle partly broken. Bonde mentioned valve most complete right (OBK 112) and a defective additionalDanish which specimens, differ by being more double-valved with the specimen greater part of the left or less oblique and having radial ribs. The Danish material valve The shell is preserved. subelliptical with a straight probably contains more than one species. dorsal and almost flat. margin, inaequilateral The prosogy- rate umbo projects slightly over the hinge margin and is Order Ostreoida Ferussac, 1822 situated at one fourthof the shell length from the anterior Suborder Pectinina Waller, 1978 comer ofthe dorsal margin. The anterior margin is almost Superfamily Pectinoidea Wilkes, 1810 straight, but soon becomes convex and runs gradually into Family Pectinidae Wilkes, 1810 the convex ventral margin. The posterior margin is almost Genus Propeamussium Gregorio, 1884 straight, meeting the posterior dorsal margin at an angle of

c. 110°. The anterior auricle is rather small and has five fine commarginal ribs, whereas the posterior auricle is lar- ?Propeamussium sp. ger and indistinctly demarcated.The ornament consists of Plate 1, figs 17-18 about25 commarginal foldsofvarying strength. The inte- rior of the shell and hinge characters are not known.

1968 - Pectinids Bonde, p. 148.

Discussion - The material matches the illustrations and Material and dimensions - Only three valves were col- description of Wood. lected (ex JTK 2001/9, CHC 133 and CHC 134). Shell of height MGUH 29725 (Plate 1, fig. 18) is 5.0 mm, width Distribution - According to Newton (1891) the species is 4.8 mm. only known from the Eocene London Clay.

Description - The shell is small, rounded, almost equilat- Family BakevelliidaeKing, 1850 eral and only slightly convex. The ornament on the internal Genus Aviculoperna Cossmann, 1887 mould of PI. 1, fig. 18 is of fine concentric growth-lines

which the are only visible near ventral margin. The auricles

are poorly preserved, but seem to have been relatively

Aviculoperna cf. E 133 has of limaeformis (Vincent, 1893) large. Specimen parts the shell preserved. The Plate 16 1, fig. exterior has about50 fine radialand about 30 commarginal

ribs, resulting in a pattern of rectangles having their largest - 1968 Aviculoperna 150. sp. Bonde, p. dimensionin radial direction.The shell is thin-walled, but

there of internal which are no traces costae, are typical of Synonymy for the real Aviculoperna limaeformis the genusPropeamussium.

* 1893 Avicula Vincent, 73. limaeformis p. Discussion - Wood (1864, p. 44, pi. 9, fig. 6a-b) figured

1928 Aviculoperna — Ravn, 71. limaeformis p. of specimens a small Propeamussium from Bracklesham as

Pecten squamula Lamarck, 1806, first described from the

Material and dimensions - CHC, two valves; KTF, two Y ofthe Paris Basin. The Danish presian specimens seem to double-valved and three specimens single valves; OBK, be related to that closely species. Bonde (1968, p. 149) two valves, one with several juvenile specimens attached. mentioned some small, poorly preserved specimens in Two specimens, GM 1908.191 in clay from level L4. green grey-greenclay in the Lillebaelt Clay from Trelde In Shell is 35 height up to mm, length 42 mm. The illustrated CHC specimens E 133 and E 134 are labelled Propea- almost complete right valve has a height of 26 mm and a mussium sp. They originate from level L2. length of23 mm.

Superfamily Ostreoidea Rafinesque, 1815

Description - The shell is obliquely ovate, inequilateral Family Ostreidae Rafinesque, 1815 and inflated. The umbo is moderately placed well to the Genus Ostrea Linnaeus, 1758 -54-

Ostrea sp. ventral margin with an angulation. The posterior dorsal

Plate 1, fig. 19 margin is long and highly convex, connected with the al-

in The most straight posterior margin a regular curve. pos-

- valve collected Materialanddimensions Only one was terior margin runs gradually into the ventral margin. No

(OBK 1099). Its height is 6.5 mm, length 7.9 mm. internal characteristics are preserved. Of two shells the

commarginal external ornament is partly visible.

Description- The shell is subelliptical and slightly convex.

The only ornament consists ofc. 20 rather weak concentric Discussion - The shape resembles thatofGibbolucinagib- folds. bosula (Lamarck, 1806) from the Barton Beds. Bonde

(1968, p. 149) mentionedpyritic internal moulds. Almost

Discussion - Because of the poor condition of the speci- all specimens from the 1960s collections are damaged by men a precise identificationis not possible. In outline and pyrite disintegration (CHC E 101, E 109, E 121, E 124, E

ornament the specimen resembles Ostrea velata (Wood, 128).

1861, pi. 7, fig. la-b).

Family Thyasiridae Dali, 1901

Subclass HeterodontaNeumayr, 1884 Genus Thyasira Leach in Lamarck, 1818

Order Veneroida H. & A. Adams, 1856 Subgenus Thyasira s.str.

Superfamily LucinoideaFleming, 1828

Family Lucinidae Fleming, 1828

Thyasira (Thyasira) goodhalli (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1837)

Plate 1, fig. 22 Lucinidae sp. 1

Plate 1, fig. 20 *1837 Cryptodon goodhalli J.D.C. Sowerby, p. 186, pi.

VIII, fig. 7.

- - 1891 Material and dimensions Three pyritic internal moulds, Cryptodon goodhalli J. de C. Sowerby Newton, p.

83. OBK 720a, were studied. Shell length is 13.8 mm, height

10.7 mm.

Materialand dimensions - One double-valved specimen

Description - The shell is subelliptical. The umbo is pro- (OBK 522), ofwhich only the exterior ofthe right valve is

middle of the dorsal and double-valved socyrt and placed anteriorly to the completely visible, one complete

is external mould margin. The rather short anterior dorsal margin concave specimen preserved as an pyritic (OBK

Another valves available and meets the short, almost straight anterior margin at an 560). two single are (OBK 1015

The anterior into the and Shell is 5.1 5.9 obtuse angle. margin runs highly con- 1201). height mm, length mm.

vex ventral margin almost evenly. In one specimen there is

- The shell is small and rounded sub- an angulation. The posterior dorsal margin is long and Description convex,

convex andmeets the almost straight posterior margin at an triangular. Two distinct ridges run from the beak to the

obtuse angle. The posterior margin runs into the ventral posterior margin. The beak is placed near the middle ofthe

characters shell. for close-set the margin with a slight angulation. No internal are Except commarginal growth-lines

preserved. On two shells the commarginal external orna- exterior of the shell is smooth.

ment is partly preserved.

Discussion - The specimen matches the illustration in Cas-

Discussion - This species has an outlineresembling thatof tell & Cox (1975, pi. 12, fig. 12).

Gonimyrtea spinulosa (Edwards, 1866) from the Barton

Beds. A final identificationis not possible, as only internal Distribution - According to Newton (1891) the species is

moulds are known. known from the Barton Beds and the London Clay.

Superfamily ChamoideaLamarck, 1809

Chamidae Lucinidae sp. 2 Family Lamarck, 1809

Plate 1, fig. 21 Genus Chama Linnaeus, 1758

Material and dimensions - Only one pyritic mould, ex

OBK 720b, was found. Shell length is 16.1 mm, height cf. in 1766 Chanta squamosa Solander Brander, 12.7 mm. Plate 1, fig. 23

Description - The shell is subelliptical. The umbo is pro- for the real Chama Synonymy squamosa: socyrt and placed anteriorly to the middle of the dorsal

The short anterior dorsal is and * 1766 Chama Solander vii, margin. margin concave squamosa in Brander, p. 36, pi.

meets the short, almost straight anterior margin at an ob- figs 86, 87.

1822 Chama Solander - J. 348. tuse angle. The anteriormargin runs into the highly convex squamosa Sowerby, pi. -55-

1871 Chama Solander, 1766-Wood, 175, squamosa p. pi. 1807.This variety was characterised by having sharper and 35, fig. 6a-b. ribs. The considered distinct higher taxon was a species 1891 Chama Solander, 1766- Newton, 50. squamosa p. and first illustrated by Tracey et al. (1996, p. 106, pi. 3, figs 23a-b, 24a-b).

Material - and dimensions Only one incomplete internal

mould was found (OBK 1307). Shell height is 22 mm, - Distribution According to Newton (1891) this species is length 25 mm. known from the Bracklesham Beds and the Barton Beds.

Description - On the mould rather weak concentric folds Family Astartidae Gray, 1840 The are present. curve of the umbo is strong. No external Genus Astarte Sowerby, 1816 mould is preserved

Discussion — The outline and traces of concentric a orna- Astartefiligera treldensis n. subsp. ment reminiscent ofthese characters Chama are on squa- Plate 2, figs 3-5

mosa from the British Bartonian. The poor preservation,

however, a - prevents precise identification. Material and dimensions Two double-valved and more

than 50 isolated valves are known. The specimen il-

Distribution - to Newton Chama lustrated in PI. According (1891) squa- 2, fig. 3 has a height of 12.9 mm and a

mosa is known from the Barton Beds only. length of 12.0 mm. PI. 2, fig. 4 has a height of 12.9 mm

and of 13.8 PI. a length mm. 2, fig. 5 (holotype) has a Carditoidea 1820 Superfamily Fleming, height of 13.5 mm and a length of 15.0 mm.

Family CarditidaeFleming, 1820

Genus Cyclocardia Conrad, 1867 Type locality - TreldeNass.

Type strata- Lillebaelt Clay, Eocene. Cyclocardia subelegans (Wood, 1871)

Plate 2, figs 1-2

Derivation - ofname The species is named after the type

locality. * 1871 Cardita elegans van subelegans Wood, p. 146. 1891 Cardita elegans van subelegans S.V. Wood-New- material- PI. Type Holotype: 2, fig. 5, MGUH 29735, ex ton, p. 37. OBK PI. 505; paratypes: 2, fig. 3, MGUH 29733, ex OBK 1996 Venericardia - subelegans (Wood) Tracey et al, p. 415: PI. MGUH OBK 106, pi. 3, figs 23a-b, 24a-b. 2, fig. 4, 29734, ex 102.

Material and dimensions- - Twelve complete specimens Diagnosis The new subspecies differs from Astarte

and more than 100 single valves are known. The species is filigera Wood, 1871 in having a less triangular outline, a

found with in much and shorter ventral commonly multiple specimens a single con- more convex margin, a highly

cretion. Double-valved convex anterior dorsal and almost specimens occur regularly. Height margin an straight an- ofthe illustratedPI. terior specimen 2, fig. 1 is 10 mm, its length margin. The lateral tooth in the right valve is more

9 PI. 2 has of The lunula mm. 2, fig. a height 9.0 and a length of 9.2 convex. and area on the Danish subspecies are

mm. narrower than those ofA.filigera.

Description — The shell is subcircular with a - The valves rather prosogyrate Description are large and thick-shelled,

umbowhich is near the middle ofthe shelland placed pro- obliquely triangular to subquadrate in outline, truncated

a little. The jects exterior has 17-21 axial ribs, which are a The posteriorly. umbo is prosogyrate and projecting, situ- little weaker than their interspaces and bear tubercles, ated anteriorly and perpendicular to the anterior edge. The

which are most distinct near the umbo and on the lateral posterior dorsal margin is concave, considerably shorter

shellparts. In the hinge tooth 3a is obsolete; 3b bevelled in than the anterior dorsal margin and runs into the almost

front, 2 thick, forming a triangle placed almost vertically straight anterior margin. The posterior margin is highly below the umbo and near the anterior 4b and almost margin, widely convex as long as the convex ventral margin. from divergent 2, separated from it at the apex. All is From the umbo the there to posterior edge is a weak ridge small, provided with a corresponding socket in the right which the rather flat separates posterior part of the shell valve. Margins internally have crenulations, from rectangular the more convex anteriorpart.

corresponding to the interspaces between the ribs. The The pal- ornament consists of 15-20 strong commarginal ribs, lial line is entire, parallel with the which margin. are wider than their interspaces. A fine commarginal

striationis visible on and between the ribs. Lunulaand area

— Discussion Bonde(1968, p. 149) mentioned poorly well lunula pre- are developed, widely lanceolate, area long and served internal moulds. pyritic In CHC specimen E 131 is lanceolate. The of narrowly hinge the right valve has a labelled Venericardia. Wood (1871, 146) considered p. central triangular, projecting posterior cardinal tooth (3b) to be of Cardita subelegans a variety elegans Lamarck, and two deep and narrow pits, ofwhich the anterior is nar- -56-

rower than the obliquely placed posterior pit. Anterior to meets the ventral margin at an acute angle and the posterior one pit there is a long, slightly curved lateral tooth. Pos- dorsal margin in an obtuse angle. The area is elongate-

lateral tooth with the dorsal the lunula shorter. exterior teriorly a soon merges margin. lanceolate, No or hinge charac-

The hinge ofthe left valve has two cardinalteeth (2a and teristics are preserved. On the internal mould no adductor

of 4a), the same shape as the pits in the right valve. Pos- scars or pallial line are visible because ofthe state of pres- teriorly there is a deep pit for the lateral tooth in the right ervation.

valve. The interior is smooth; the rather indistinct pallia!

line is situated rather far from the ventral The ad- - margin. Discussion In size and general outline this specimen re-

ductor impressions are distinct and rather deep, the pos- sembles Crassatella sulcata which according to Newton terior one more triangular. The ventral margin is crenu- (1891) is restricted to the Barton Beds.

lated.

Family SemelidaeStoliczka, 1870

- Discussion The Danish species is considered to be a Genus Abra Lamarck, 1818 stratigraphical subspecies of A. filigera Wood, 1871. Dan-

ish specimens differespecially by having differentoutline. Abra madseni n. sp. They are less triangular and the ventral margin is much Plate 2, figs 7-8 more convex and shorter. The anterior dorsal margin is

The highly convex, but almost rectilinear in A. filigera.

Materialand dimensions — One complete double-valved anterior margin is almost straight and connectedto the ven- specimen and more than 120 isolated valves are known. tral margin with an obtuse angle. It meets the anterior dor-

The illustrated holotype has a height of 10.2 mm and a sal margin in an almost right angle. The Danish subspecies length of 13.9 mm. is more thick-shelled and has a more convex lateraltooth

in the right valve. Lunula and area are narrower than in A.

Type material- Holotype PI. 2, fig. 7, MGUH 29737, ex filigera. OBK 528; paratype: PI. 2, fig. 8, MGUH 29738, ex OBK

1062. Distribution- According toNewton (1891) Astartefiligera

is known only from the LondonClay. Curry (1965b) stated

Diagnosis - A rather large, subelliptical Abra with the that Astarte, Thyasira and other cold water species from umbo only a little behindthe middle of the shell. Anterior the LondonClay were absent in the Bracklesham Beds. margin very convex, ventral margin regularly convex and

posterior end pointed. Family Crassatellidae Ferussac, 1822

Genus Crassatella Lamarck, 1799

Locus typicus - Trelde Naes.

Stratum typicum — Lillebaelt Clay, Eocene. Crassatella cf. sulcata (Solander in Brander, 1766)

Plate 3, fig. 6

Derivatio nominis - The new species is named after Mo-

Madsen who made of the gens (Fredericia), a large part Synonymy for the real Crassatella sulcata : material availablefor this study.

* 1766 in Tellinasulcata Solander Brander, p. 37, pi. 7, fig. Description-The shell is rounded elliptical and inequilat- 89.

eral, with the umbo placed a short distancebehindthe mid- 1822 Crassatella sulcata Solander - J. Sowerby, pi. 345, dle of the dorsal and end. The fig. 1. margin, a pointed posterior

anterior dorsal is and into the 1871 Crassatella sulcata Solander-Wood, p. 170, pi. 18, margin convex runs evenly

fig. 1 la-c. very convex, short anterior margin. The ventral margin is

1891 Crassatella sulcata Solander, 1766 - 33. Newton, p. regularly convex and runs gradually into the short posterior

margin in an acute angle. The posterior dorsal margin is

Materialanddimensions- internal mould, One OBK 651, only slightly convex.

was found. It has a height of 30 mm and a length of 42 In the hinge of the right valve tooth 3a is small and weak,

mm. slender triangular and sharp, directed obliquely forward,

separated from 3b by a narrow, deep pit. Tooth 3b is situ-

- The shell is Description elongate-ovate, highly inequilat- ated directly under the umbo and a littlewider than 3a. It is

eral with a truncate posterior end. The small directed backwards. Behind 3b is the prosogyrate obliquely spoon- umbo is situated behindthe middleof the shell. The valves shaped resilifer, only slightly projecting from the hinge

with their are moderately convex strongest convexity an- margin. Above the resilifer there is an indistinct resilium

The anteriordorsal is and teriorly. margin convex not sepa- for the outer ligament. The anterior dorsal margin has a

rated from the anterior The anterior of for lateral while convex margin. part long, deep and narrow groove the tooth,

the ventral is whereas the shorter margin moderately convex, pos- the posterior dorsal margin has a deep,but groove.

teriorpart is only slightly concave. The posterior margin In the hinge of the left valve cardinal tooth 2 situated in -57-

front of the umbo. This tooth is and small and di- 38 narrow mm, length 41 mm. The diameterof the double-valved rected forward. Anterior to 2 there is a deep toothpit, pos- specimen is 26 mm. teriorly there is a very narrow pit, which is separated from

the resilifer rib. The for the attachment - by a narrow plate of Description The shell is ratherlarge and subcircular with the outer ligament is more distinct than in the right valve. roundedanterior and The posterior parts. umbo is prosogy- The anterior dorsal has rather weak lateral margin a tooth, rate and situatedalmost in the middle ofthe dorsal margin. while the lateral tooth the dorsal is The of on posterior margin convexity the shell is rather strong and regular. The shorter. anterior dorsal margin is short and slightly convex and runs The pallial line is not distinct, but has a shallow sinus. into the very gradually very convex anterior margin. The pos- The adductor scars are not distinct. The is terior dorsal is and very margin margin longer slightly convex, con- smooth and The shell has surface and sharp. a glossy very nected to the short and almost straight posterior margin weak commarginal are visible. growth-lines with a very obtuse angle. Anterior and posterior margins

run gradually into the regularly convex ventral margin. No

Discussion - The differs from the Abra of external characters be observed species species can except for the long, the Eocene of Britain in much and its being larger by narrow area and the almost heart-shaped lunula. Hinge outline. rounded-elliptical characters, line and adductor scars are pallial not pre- served.

Superfamily Veneroidea Rafinesque, 1815

Veneridae Family Rafinesque, 1815 Discussion - This with the poor specimen agrees genus Genus Macrocallista Meek, 1876 Pelecyora in size and outline. Pelecyora suborbicularis

(Goldfuss, 1841) has a distributionin Britainfrom the Bar-

ton Beds to the Bembridge Beds, according to Castell & Macrocallista sp. Cox (1975, p. 54). That species is widely distributed in the Plate 2, fig. 9a-b and Miocene European Oligocene (R. Janssen, 1979, p. 131).

Materialand dimensions- One incomplete right valve was found estimated (OBK 272). Its height is 8 mm, estimated Subclass Anomalodesmata Dali, 1889 length 13 mm. Order Pholadomyoida Newell, 1965

Superfamily Pholadomyoidea Gray, 1847 Description - The shell is rounded ovate. The umbo is only Family Pholadomyidae Gray, 1847 slightly projecting. The anterior dorsal margin is short and Genus Pholadomya J.D.C. Sowerby, 1823 slightly convex, running gradually into the convex anterior Subgenus Pholadomya s. str. margin. The posterior dorsal margin is long and only

with slightly convex, a gradual transitioninto the posterior

margin. The ventral margin is not preserved, but judging Pholadomya (Pholadomya) virgulosa J.D.C. the it Sowerby, by commarginal ornament was regularly convex. The 1844 ornament consists of folds of varying strength and inter- Plate 2, fig. 1 la-b The demarcated is spaces. unsharply area long and narrow; the heart-shaped lunula is separated by a furrow. In the * 1844 Pholadomya virgulosa J.D.C. Sowerby, pi. 630, fig. hinge tooth la is situated below the umbo. It is triangular 1. and downwards. Tooth 3a is and pointed obliquely narrow 1850 Pholadomya virgulosa - Dixon, p. 225, pi. 19, fig. from la 3b is from separated by a deep furrow; separated 31.

3a a and from the demar- by triangular pit long, sharply 1891 J. de C. Pholadomya virgulosa Sowerby-Newton, p. cated ligament plate by a narrow furrow. 83.

1968 Pholadomya sp. - Bonde, p. 149.

Discussion - The species resembles Macrocallista laevi- 1997 Pholadomya (Pholadomya) virgulosa J. de C. Sower-

by, 1844 - Jeffery & gata (Lamarck, 1806) and M. suberycinoides (Deshayes, Tracey, p. 90, pi. 6, fig. 16.

1824) from the Eocene (Barton and Bracklesham beds) of

Materialand dimensions- This is bivalve England. The poor material, however, prevents precise a very common in the concretions. Paired identification. valves occur regularly, often with only the anterior part of the shells well-preserved.

About 50 Genus Pelecyora Dali, 1902 specimens were found. The length of the il- lustrated specimen (OBK201) is 63.5 mm, its height 42.8

mm. The diameterofthe double-valved specimen is 38.2

Pelecyora sp. mm.

Plate 2, fig. 10

Description - The shell is large, rounded triangular but

Material and dimensions - One double-valved internal variable in The anterior is outline, highly inequilateral. part mould The is rather (OBK). specimen worn. Its height is rounded and the posterior part is more narrowly acute. The -58-

opisthogyrate umbo is large and rounded and situated Barsoe Hansen, who collected the holotype and, indeed, anteriorly. The anterior part is highly convex, especially most of the material underlying the present study. below the umbo. The convexity gradually decreases

The anterior dorsal is short and - posteriorly. margin very Description The one complete specimen found (OBK rises forwards, meeting the convex anterior margin at an 458) is preserved as an external mould in a small concre- obtuse angle. The anterior margin drops almost tion. Except for a smallpart ofthe left valve the specimen perpendicularly and runs gradually into the slightly convex is complete and well preserved. The shell is distinctly

ventral margin. The posterior dorsal margin is long and longer than high, almost equivalve and has a truncate pos-

distinctly concave, running into the convex posterior terior end. The valves are very convex, especially so the

margin at an obtuse angle. The dorsal margin is short and anterior and central parts. The umbo is placed near the slightly convex and meets the ventral margin at an obtuse middle of the shell, and the beaks of the double-valved angle. The sculpture consists of numerous concentric ribs shell are touching. The anterior dorsal margin is rather

folds. ribs. or They are crossed by about 15 weaker radial short and slightly convex, passing gradually into the very

The area is large and lanceolate; the lunula is small and convex anterior margin. The posterior dorsal margin is

demarcated. rather and and the indistinctly long straight meets slightly convex pos-

terior of margin at an angle c. 120°. The posterior margin

Remarks - Bonde mentioned concretions almost and into the ventral (1968, p.149) drops perpendicularly passes containing this species. On the label of specimen E 149 in margin at an angle of c. 120°. The ventral margin is

CHC P. and The King wrote: ‘definitely not margaritacea J. slightly concave posteriorly convex anteriorly.

Sowerby, 1821’. He suggested P. virgulosa or P. dixoni shell has rather weak commarginal growth-lines. From the

J.D.C. Sowerby, 1844 for the Danish species. P. umbo two ridges, running to the comer of the posterior

margaritacea has a more triangular outline with a pointed margin, demarcate a posterior part, which has a distinct anterior. ornament ofclose-set granulae. These granulae are united

in several places to form concentric lines. On the other part

- of Distribution According to Newton (1891) Pholadomya the shell a much weaker granulation is present, almost

is known from virgulosa the LondonClay. invisible anteriorly. The upper ridge demarcates an es-

cutcheon which on growth-lines are present, but no granu-

Family Thraciidae Dali, 1903 lation.

Genus Thracia J.D.C. Sowerby, 1823

Subgenus Thracia s. str. Discussion - The specimen differs from other species of

Thracia from the Eocene ofthe Paris Basin and Britain. In

NHMUK-G from (Edwards collection) a specimen Barton,

‘ Thracia (Thracia) barsoei n. sp. labelled Thracia bartonensis —Edw. MS’ (NHMUK-G

Plate2, fig. 12a-c 73088) is rather similar to the Danish species. However,

the Barton species is relatively longer (L/H 1.6, but only

71891 Thracia Edwards - 83 Bartonensis, (MS) Newton, p. 1.3 in the Danish species) and has a more convex ventral

margin and a relatively longer anterior part.

Materialand dimensions - Seven specimens are in coll.

OBK and KPJ (OBK 458,460,514,564, 575,1383 1524); Superfamily Poromyacea Dali, 1886 double-valved A double-valved one complete specimen. Family Cuspidariidae Dali, 1886

specimen (holotype, ex OBK 458) has a length of 29 mm, Genus Cardiomya A. Adams, 1864

a height of21 mm and a diameterof 14.4 mm.

Type material-Holotype: PI. 2, fig. 12a-c, MGUH 29742, Cardiomya triradiata(Wrigley, 1940)

ex OBK 458. Plate 2, fig. 13a-c

* - A rather almost Thracia with 1940 Diagnosis large, equivalve Cuspidaria triradiataWrigley, p. 7, figs 5, 6.

the umbo near the middle ofthe shell. The length/ height-

ratio is c. 1.3-1-4. A rather large subtriangular posterior Material and dimensions - Only a single specimen was

part, demarcatedby two ridges, which run from the umbo found (MGUH 29743, ex OBK 384). The double-valved

to the corner ofthe posterior margin, has a distinct granula- specimen has a length of 9.0 mm, a height of6.5 mm and a

tion which is also the diameterof present anteriorly to demarcating 5.5 mm.

ridge.

Description - The shell is rather small, droplet-shaped,

Locus typicus - Trelde Nass. with a rather short rostrum. The valves are very convex,

below especially so the umbones.The ventraland posterior

Stratum typicum — LillebasltClay, Eocene. dorsal margins are gradually attenuated into a rostrum. The

almost straight anterior dorsal margin gradually runs into

Derivatio nominis — The new species is named after Ole the anterior margin which meets the convex ventral margin -59-

in shallow a curve. The ventral is constricted anterior dorsal margin gently slightly convex margin runs gradually into into the rostrum which has an almost ventral mar- the straight convex anterior margin, which meets the ventral mar-

gin. The dorsal margin of the rostrum is almost in The ventral is straight. gin a gradual curve. margin very convex

The slightly opisthogyrate umbo somewhat over projects anteriorly and suddenly constricted into the rostrum, which the dorsal margin. has an almost rectilinearventral margin. The dorsal margin

The valves have a consist- of the is regular commarginal ornament rostrum slightly concave and meets the posterior ing of c. 40 fine, close-set lines. On the rostrum bend of the they margin rostrum at an obtuse angle. The ornament sharply towards the dorsal The radial consists of obsolete margin. ornament irregular commarginal ribs which are consists of almost ribs which run from the umbo the anterior straight most prominent near margin and on the ros- towards the ventral margin. On the left valve three trum on which continue strong they as weak rays. On the internal radial ribs from the umbo to the ventral run posterior mar- mouldthe adductorscars are not visible, and hinge charac- the than the gin, posterior two are more widely spaced an- ters are not preserved. terior. Posterior the ribs much weaker ribs to strong two are situated the near rostrum, and posteriorly are another six, Discussion - The of the type species genus, C. cuspidata

increasing in andmost gradually strength anteriorly promi- (Olivi, 1792), seems to be rather similar in outline and or- nent the umbo. On the rostrum two fineradial ribs near run nament. However, the Danish species is closer to C. inflata towards the posterior end. The right valve has a weaker from the British Eocene. sculpture, especially the three radial ribs, and posterior to these one only weak is visible. Anteriorto the three Distribution - spiral According to Newton (1891) the species is radialribs two weak ribs only very are visible.The concen- known from the London Clay. tric ribs are also weaker.

Suborder Pholadina H. & A. Adams, 1858

Discussion - The specimen from the London Clay, de- Family TeredinidaeFleming, 1828 scribed and illustrated by Wrigley (1940, figs 5-6) seems to be slightly longer than the Danish specimen (height/length

Teredinidae et indet. ratio0.64 viz. 0.70 in his figs 5 and 6; 0.72 in the specimen gen. sp. from Trelde Plate 3, figs 1-2 Naes). The diameter/height-ratio ofthe speci- men, illustrated in his fig. 5, is 0.78, whereas the Danish

Material - and dimensions Numerous teredinid tubes are specimen has a ratioof0.85. As the rangeofvariability for the is unknown known, but only two single valves have been found. The species as yet, we prefer to referthe Danish

height of the illustrated shell is 4.7 its width 4.1 mm. specimen to C. triradiata. mm, The concretion has a length of 83 mm.

Distribution - London Clay (Wrigley, 1940).

Description - Only external characters ofthe shell could be

observed. The external ornament the anteriorshell-lobe Genus Cuspidaria Nardo, 1840 on consists of nine coarse ribs separated by distinct furrows

on the dorsal part and 20 fine ribs separated by fine fur-

the ventral These ribs rows on part. continue on the an- Cuspidaria inflata (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1827) terior ofthe median shell-lobewhilethe Plate 2, fig. 14a-b part posterior part ofthe median shell-lobe has only weak growth-lines. The

* Nucula posterior shell-lobehas only almost invisible 1827 inflata J.D.C. Sowerby, p. 103; pi. 554, fig. 2. growth-lines. The 1891 Necera J. de C. ribs on the anterior shell-lobe are connected to the inflata Sowerby, 1827-Newton, p.

90. longitudinal ribs on the anterior part of the median shell-

1940 Cuspidaia inflata (J. de C. Sowerby) - lobe. Wrigley, p. 6, figs 1-4.

Discussion - Bonde (1968, p. 149) mentioned indetermi-

Materialand dimensions- One almost complete specimen, nate teredinids in pyrite- and baryte-impregnated wood and preserved as an internal and external mould (MGUH concretions. Gagel (1917) mentioned teredinids in clay.

29744, ex OBK 248) and two external mouldsof complete The state of preservation allows no further identification. right valves (OBK 638, 738); an almost complete external mould (OBK 978) and an incomplete external mould Class Scaphopoda Bronn, 1862 (OBK of the illustrated 1010). Length specimen 41 mm, Family Dentaliidae Gray, 1834 height 27mm and diameterofthe double-valved specimen

23 mm.

Dentaliidaeindet.

- The Description shells are large, inequilateral and equi- Plate 3, fig. 3 valve. have They a roundedtriangular outline and are very convex with a and The Materialand dimensions- long, straight narrow rostrum. opis- Only one fragment was found. thogyrate umbones project above the dorsal The The of margins. length the shell is 2.4 mm and the diameter 1.1 mm. -60-

Description - The shell is smooth and glossy, circular in Clade Sorbeoconcha Ponder & Lindberg, 1997

cross-section and slightly curved, slowly and regularly Superfamily CerithioideaFleming, 1822 increasing in diameter.No ornament is visible. Family PotamididaeH. & A. Adams, 1854

Genus Potamides Brongniart, 1810

Discussion - The circular outline, regular increase in diam- Subgenus Eotympanotonus Chavan, 1952

eter and the glossy surface show that this is not a teredinid tube. The fragmentary specimen could not be identified.

Potamides (Eotympanotonus) sp.

Class Gastropoda Cuvier, 1797 Plate 3, fig. 7a-b

Subclass Orthogastropoda Ponder& Lindberg, 1995

Superordo Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen & Haszprunar, Materialand dimensions - Only one fragmentary speci-

1987 men (2001/34) was found. Its height is 12.3 mm, width

Trochoidea Superfamily Rafinesque, 1815 10.0 mm. The estimated height when complete is about22

Family SolariellidaePowell, 1951 mm.

Subfamily SolariellinaePowell, 1951

Genus Periaulax - Cossmann, 1888 Description The fragmentary shell consists of a little

more than the body whorl. The aperture is rounded rectan-

with short deflected gular a very siphonal canal, slightly to Periaulaxspirata (Lamarck, 1804) the left. The columella is straight; the base of the shell is

Plate 3, figs 4-5 slightly convex. The whorls are separated by a distinct su-

ture. The spiral ornament consists of three cords that are

*1804 Solariumspiratum Lamarck, p. 54, velin 15, fig. 8. weaker than their interspaces. Of these, the middle cord is

1891 (Lamarck) - 221. Philippia spirata Newton, p. the weakest. The shell wallbetween the two adapical cords

1910-13 Eumargarita (Periaulax) spirata (Lamarck) - is almost straight, but concave between the middle and Cossmann & Pissarro, pi. 4, fig. 28-1. abapical spirals. Growth-lines are almost orthoclineacross

1995 Solariella(Periaulax) spirata (Lamarck, 1804)- Le the whorl and form about 40 roundedtubercles at the inter- Renard& Pacaud, p. 88. sections. Onthe base the growth-lines are prosocyrt with a

distinct sinus.

Materialand dimensions- Only six specimens were found

and (ex MMF 2001/68, OBK 677, 1134, 1188, 1572 one

Discussion - Potamides (Eotympanotonus) conarius (Ba- unnumberedspecimen). The shell illustrated in PI. 3, figs 4 yan, 1873) from the British Barton and Bracklesham beds and fig. 6 has a height of 6.6 mm and a width of 8.8 mm. and the French Bartonian has three spirals, of which the PI. 3, fig. 5 has a diameterof 6.5 mm. is the adapical one strongest. This spiral has about 20

knobs, while the two weaker spirals have about 40 knobs. Description - The species is rather small and conical, As the Potamididae shows wide family generally a range height/width-ratio about 1.0. In the largest specimen the of variability, the Danish specimen may be conspecific protoconch and three teleoconch whorls are preserved with the British and French species. which are slightly convex and separated by a distinct su-

ture. The protoconch is worn but seems to have about 1 'A Remarks - The Recent representatives of Potamididaeare whorls. The is in available aperture not preserved the ma- generally associated with mangroves (Reid et al., 2008). terial. On the first teleoconch whorl the presence of three Many representatives of the family occur in the British spirals is merely suggested but they gradually weaken. Middle and Late Eocene and Oligocene. for fine below the and Except a spiral adapical suture a

stronger, knob-bearing spiral immediately below it, spiral Genus Orthochetus Cossmann, 1889 ornament is absent. The number of knobs is about 30 on

each whorl. Radial is indicated the ornament only by pro-

socline growth lines. The base of the shell is slightly con- Orthochetus charlesworthi Wrigley, 1940 vex and demarcatedby a rather distinct spiral, which is not Plate 3, fig. 8 visible on the teleoconch whorls. The demarcating spiral is

umbilicus is accompanied by a weaker spiral. The sur- 412 1854 Cerithium Charlesworthii Prestwich, p. in part distinct roundedby a rather carina. (nomen nudum).

1891 Lovenella CharlesworthiiPrestwich (MS)-Newton,

Discussion - The Danish specimens have a weaker spiral p. 190 (nomen nudum).

* ornament than Periaulax 1940 Orthochetus charlesworthi - typical spirata. (Prestwich) Wrigley, p,

11, figs 11, 12.

Distribution- According to Newton (1891) the species is

known from the Bracklesham Beds, the Barton Beds and Materialanddimensions— A single fragmentary specimen

Its 20.5 6.9 from the Paris Basin. (SPA). height is mm, width mm. -61 -

about whorls - Description-The specimen comprises seven Description The specimen retains about four spire whorls which bear three equidistant cords and are strong spiral which are separated by a rather distinct suture. The spiral separated by a deep suture. The whorls are almost flat but ornament consists of four cords, of which the middle two

concave between the The is the slightly spirals. aperture only are strongest. The adapical spiral is rather weak and partly preserved but is almost rhomboidalinoutline. little Spiral placed a distance from the suture. The middletwo are

ornament consists of three rather of almost the strong, sharp cords, same strength and separated by a slightly which much wider The are separated by interspaces. almost wider space. The lowest spiral is weak and placed immedi- flat base is demarcated fourth which is by a spiral cord, ately above the abapical suture. Between the spirals the considerably weaker. A further five weak are spirals pres- whorl is slightly concave. The axial sculpture consists of

ent on the base. The axial ornament consists of slightly orthocline to slightly opisthocline ribs which are much prosocline ribs which are much weaker than the spirals. weaker than the spirals. Atthe intersections with the spirals

Fine tubercles occur at the intersections with the rather tubercles There about spirals. strong occur. are 20 axial ribs

There are about 24 axial ribs the whorl. on penultimate on the penultimate whorl. Together with the spirals the Together with the the axial ribs form axial spirals slightly ribs form slightly oblique rectangles. oblique rectangles.

Discussion - The incomplete specimen prevents a safe

Remarks - Wrigley (1940, stated that the name p. 11) assignment to the genus Cerithiella.It differsfrom Ortho-

charlesworthiiwas given by Prestwich (but without a de- chetus charlesworthi by the much coarser spirals and tu- scription or illustration) to an extremely rare species from bercles and the position ofthe spirals. This Barton. species was not known from other localities, but Prestwich confused it with from the London a species Family Cerithiopsidae H. & A. Adams, 1853

Clay, later described as Orthochetus elongatus by Wrigley Subfamily Cerithiopsinae H. & A. Adams, 1853

(1940), who restricted the name charlesworthito the spe- Genus Cerithiopsis Forbes & Hanley, 1851 cies from Barton (Wrigley, 1940, p. 11, figs 11, 12) and

designated a neotype(NHMUK-G 72022). Also in Newton

the Cerithiopsis sp. (1891) species is not described or illustrated which Plate 3, fig. 10 makes Wrigley the author of Orthochetus charlesworthi.

Material and - dimensions Only one fragmentary speci- Discussion - The Danish specimen matches the description men (ex OBK 576) was found, height 3.5 mm, width 2.1 and illustrationofOrthochetus charlesworthiwell. Ortho-

mm. chetus elongatus Wrigley (1940, p. 12) includes two dif- ferent to species according Jeffery & Tracey (1997, p. 95). Description - The shell is narrowly turriculate. The last The NHMUK-G holotype (1940, fig. 14, 65549) seems to whorl is fifths of c. two the total shell height. The aperture be a Cerithiella species. The Danish species differs from seems to have been ovate and rather small. The fragmen- this in having a less distinct suture and slightly prosocline has three and half tary specimen a whorls preserved. The axial ribs. Wrigley (1940, figs 13 and 15) illustrated a whorls are convex with distinct spirals which have slightly specimen with four distinct spirals, of which the abapical concave interspaces, and are separated by a deep suture. is one the strongest. There are four spirals, much narrower than their inter- Cerithiellafowleri & Todd, 1996 Tracey [nov. nom. pro and the middle spaces, two (2 & 3) are stronger than the Cerithium cancellatum (J.D.C. Sowerby in Dixon, 1850)] others and placed nearmidwhorl.Under the adapical suture also has threedistinct spirals, of whichthe abapical two are the whorl has a narrow, flatpart, demarcated by spiral 1. than stronger the abapical one. The axial ribs are ofalmost Spiral 4 is situated closely below spiral 3. Immediately the same strength as the spirals and the suture is deeper above the abapical suture there is a fifth weak spiral, which than the Danish on specimen. On the base only four spirals is covered by the following whorl. The axial ornament are present (specimen from Bracklesham Bay, NHMUK-G consists of c. 30 opisthocyrt to orthocline ribs, which are 72023). much narrower than their interspaces. Small tubercles oc-

cur at the intersectionswith the spirals. The spiral and axial Distribution - According to Newton (1891) the species is elements form a cancellateornament. Both the labrum and known from the London which Clay was acknowledged by the end ofthe canal are missing. The smooth base is almost Wrigley (1940). flat.

Discussion - As protoconch and apertural characteristics ? Cerithiella sp. are missing, the generic position is uncertain.However, the Plate 3, 9 fig. outline and ornament is similar to species of the genus Cerithiopsis Forbes & Hanley.

Material - and dimensions Only one fragmentary speci-

OBK men (ex 1171) was found, with a height of 11.7 mm Family Epitoniidae Berry, 1910 and width of 4.5 mm. Genus Foratiscala de Boury, 1887 -62-

Foratiscala aff. newtoni de Boury, 1890 The axial ribs are weaker than the spirals. Small tubercles

Plate 3, fig. 11 occur at the intersections with the spirals.

Synonymy for the real Foratiscala newtoni: Discussion - The incomplete specimen prevents a final

identification. Tenuiscala munieri(de Raincourt, 1870) has

1827 Scalaria reticulata J.C.D 577, 4 axial ribs which and Sowerby, pi. fig. only 14 are considerably stronger,

(non Solander). only four primary spirals. de 140. 1890 Foratiscala Newtoni Boury, p.

Newtoni - 1891 Foratiscala de Boury (MS) Newton, p. Genus Littoriniscala de Boury, 1887 215.

1891 Foratiscala Newtoni de Boury, 1890 - Newton, p.

297. Littoriniscala scalarioides (J.D.C. Sowerby in Dixon,

1850) Material and dimensions - One almost complete (OBK Plate 3, fig. 13 1429) and two fragmentary specimens (OBK 1429 and

1492) were found. The height of the former is c, 23 mm, * 1850 Turritella scalarioides Dixon, p. 227, pi. 15, fig. 10. width 10 mm. The largest fragmentary specimen is c. 15 1891 Littoriniscalascalarioides (J. deC. Sowerby, 1850)- mm, width c. 9 mm. Edwards, p. 215.

1984 Littoriniscala scalarioides (J. de C. Sowerby in

- consists of Description The almost complete specimen a Dixon, 1850)- Cooper, p. 7. little than whorls which and more eight are highly convex 1997 Littoriniscala scalarioides (J. de C. Sowerby in

suture. The ornament consists of Dixon separated by a deep spiral 1850)-Jeffery & Tracey, p. 95, pi. 9, fig. 16. about 10 fine cords with secondary threads inserted. The

three weaker than the others. The - adapical spirals are spi- Material and dimensions Two specimens were found rals crossed estimated finer are by an 30 or more proso- preserved as pyritic metamorphs (CHC, specimens E 102

cline axial ribs each whorl. The and axial ribs on spirals and E 110). The height ofthe illustrated specimen is 15.4

result in cancellate of together a pattern rectangles having mm, width 8.2 mm. theirlargest dimensionin a spiral direction.At the intersec- tions with the spirals the axial ribs are slightly crimped. Description - The largest specimen comprises 3% middle

whorls and the body whorl. The shell is narrowly turricu-

-The demonstrates Discussion species a certain similarity late, about 1.8 times tallerthan wide. The whorls are highly

Foratiscala newtoni de which is in to Boury, 1890, present convex and separated by a deep suture. The body whorl is the Bracklesham Beds and in the Paris Basin. English halfthe total shell height, the aperture about one third. Spi-

ral ornament begins with five cords, which are almost

Genus Tenuiscala de 1887 Boury, equidistant, and soon secondary spirals are intercalated. On

whorl the body there are three weak spiral cords adapically

and two generations of secondary spirals in between the

Tenuiscala The axial consists of fine sp. primary cords. ornament proso-

Plate 3, fig. 14 cline ribs, meeting the suture at an angle of about 75°. The

base is slightly convex and demarcated by a rather weak

Material and dimensions - One incomplete specimen spiral cord. It has about 10 weaker spirals towards the

found. Its is 16.3 width 4.0 is is bro- (OBK. 1609) was height mm, pseudumbilicus. The aperture ovate (the labrum mm. ken) and there is a narrow umbilicus behind the oblique

columella.

Description - The specimen consists of the impression of

which and - eight spire whorls, are convex separated by a Discussion The specimen was labelled Mathildia

deep suture. The spiral ornament consists of five primary sororcula Wrigley, 1940 by Bonde, while Rosenkrantz

of which the delimits the base and is cords, abapical cov- suggested that it was a cerithiid. King in 1972 suggested on ered by the following whorl. The four visible spirals are of the labelthat it was a determinableepitoniid. The two Dan-

and little almost the same strength spirals 2 & 3 are a more ish specimens match the description and illustrations of

widely spaced than the others. Secondary spirals are inter- Littoriniscala scalarioides. A specimen from Highgate calated, firstly between spirals 2 and 3 and later between Archway (Wetherell collection, NHMUK-G 69287) has all and between the and the and spirals suture adapical about 10almost equal spiral ribs on the teleoconchwhorls.

On the last whorl there four fine abapical suture. are spirals Acrilla wetherelli (Edwards in Lowry et al., 1866) has a below the adapical suture and the first primary spiral. On similar number of spirals and axial ribs, but the axial ribs the flat base the cord is the and the base is strong demarcating spiral promi- are prolonged adapically beyond suture

fine nent and six spiral threads, separated by furrows, are distinctly angulated.

visible. The axial ribs are opisthocline and weaker than their interspaces. On the last whorl there are about20 ribs. Distribution- According to Newton (1891) the species is -63-

known from the London Clay. Cretaceous species. J.D.C. Sowerby (1840, p. 9) emended

the species name to sowerbyi in the index, although this

was unjustified as the original spelling was based on the

Epitoniidae et indet. latinised form of gen. sp. Sowerby i.e. Sowerbius, and was there- Plate 3, fig. 12 fore not inadvertent The an error. paper by Fleming (1828)

seems to have been overlooked, as Mantell in later papers

Material and dimensions — One fragmentary specimen was considered the authorof this species.

(OBK 1001) was found, with a height of c. 10 mm and width of c. 7 mm. Discussion - The to fall within the specimen seems range ofthe highly variable Aporrhais sowerbii. Wrigley (1938)

- The consists of Description specimen the impression of recognized four forms, of which the Danish specimen three which and spire whorls, are convex separated by a comes closest to Aporrhais sowerbiif. constricta Wrigley,

deep suture. The spiral ornament consists of about 10 1938 (see his fig. 43). threads, with secondary spirals intercalated. These spirals are crossed estimated30 almost orthocline - by an stronger, Distribution According to Newton (1891) Aporrhais axial ribs whorl. Below the the axial ribs first per suture sowerbii is widely distributed in the London Clay. bend backwards. The spirals and axial ribs together result in cancellate a pattern. Family StrombidaeRafinesque, 1815

Genus Tibia Roding, 1798

Discussion - The differsfrom species Foratiscala sp. (see

in orthocline axial ribs. above) having stronger, Tibia sublucida (Edwards in Lowry et aI., 1866)

Plate 3, fig. 16

Superfamily StromboideaRafinesque, 1812

Family Aporrhaidae 1850 1850 Gray, Rostellaria lucida J.D.C. Sowerby in Dixon, pp. 105, Subfamily Aporrhainae Gray, 1850 187; pi. 5, fig. 21 (non Rostellarialucida J. Sowerby,

Genus Aporrhais da Costa, 1778 1815).

* 1866 Rostellariasublucida Edwards in Lowry etal., pi. 3.

1938 Tibia sublucida - (F.E. Edwards) Wrigley, p. 63; pi.

4, figs 5, 6, 7, 8. Aporrhais sowerbii (Fleming, 1828)

Tibia - 1968 sp, Bonde, p. 149. Plate3, fig. 15

Material and dimensions - The shell is common. More 1822 Rostellaria parkinsoni J. Sowerby, p. 69, pi. 349, figs than 60 external moulds were found, mostly in OBK, but 1, 3, 4 (partim ). also in GPF and JFR. The illustrated * specimen in PI. 3, 1828 Rostellariasowerbii fig. Fleming, p. 360. 16 has of 30 1829 Rostellaria sowerbii a height mm. Mantell, p. 203.

1840 Rostellaria sowerbyi —J. de C. Sowerby, p. 9.

1891 sowerbii 1835 - The shell is rather and fusi- Aporrhais Mantell, -Newton, p. 97. Description large narrowly

1938 sowerbii - than twice wide. Aporrhais (Mantell, 1829) Wrigley, p. 79, form, more as high as

figs 42, 43, 45, 46, 49. The consists of five protoconch highly convex whorls,

which are smooth and separated by deep sutures. On the

Materialand dimensions- One ex last fragmentary specimen, protoconch whorl fine, almost orthoclineriblets occur. MMF 2003/21 with height of 10.5 mm, width 14.1 mm. The transition to the teleoconchis gradual. The teleoconch

ofthe largest specimen found consists ofabout five convex

shell consists of214 whorls. whorls which Description-The fragmentary are separated by distinct sutures. The last

The and the anterior ofthe shell miss- whorl is about 0.4 of the protoconch part are total shell height, the aperture

The whorls are convex and distinct about0.3 ofthe total shell ing. separated by a su- height. The aperture is relatively ture. The labrum has a which reaches the small and digitation, to obliquely ovate. The labrum runs into the paries ofthe whorl. The adapical suture penultimate spiral orna- at an angle of about 45°. The columella is smooth and al- ment consists of 12 threads above the carina and two most straight. As all specimens are immature, the charac-

cords below it. The whorl has about20 of strong penultimate ters the rostrum and the labrum are not preserved, but axial the whorl about 16 which the opisthocline ribs, body ribs, rostrum seems to be almost straight. The spiral orna- form tubercles on the carina. ment consists of 12-16 fine spiral bands, which are sepa-

rated by much narrower spiral furrows. The spiral bands Remarks -Accordingto Wrigley (1938, p. 79) J. Sowerby are of almost the same strength and undulate across the included Eocene (London Clay) and Cretaceous specimens axial ribs. On the last two whorls, the two adapical spiral underthe name Rostellaria also for bands become parkinsoni. Obviously stronger and a little more spaced than the this and Mantell both intro- reason Fleming (1828) (1829) other spiral bands, thus forming a subsutural band. The duced the new name Rostellaria sowerbii for the London axial ribs are almost orthoclineand most prominent on the and restricted Clay species Rostellaria parkinsoni to the first teleoconch whorls, but gradually they decrease in -64-

strength. On the last whorl they are almost absent. The teleoconch whorls as they gradually decrease in strength. number of axial ribs is 20-25. On the last whorls they are absent, and only growth-lines

are visible. The number ofaxial ribs is 20-25.

Discussion - The Danish material differs only slightly from British specimens of Tibia sublucida of which the Discussion - This species differs from Tibia sublucidaby protoconch and teleoconchwhorls are more convex and the its flat whorls, the considerably higher number of spirals numberofaxial ribs is have about lower (British examples and the weak axial ornament. Wrigley (1938, p. 65,fig. 26)

The axial ribs weaker than their andthe established'‘ ’ 30). are interspaces Tibia enigmatica, based on a single defective spirals are visible on the axial ribs, whereas they are only specimen from theBracklesham Beds. That species has flat

visible in the in T. sublucida. The is about axial ribs the first middle whorls and interspaces aperture whorls, 14 on wider and seems to be less suddenly constricted into the about 11 spirals. On the ultimate whorls both sculptural rostrum. Specimens of T. sublucida in the collections of elements become obsolete, especially the axial ribs, which the Natural Museum, London show a wide are absent on the whorl. The Danish History range completely body spe- ofvariation, for which reason we have assigned the Danish cies seems to be related. material to this species. Tibia lucida (J. Sowerby, 1815) has a lower numberof axial ribs (12-16), a more slender

varices. outline and Bonde(1968, p. 149) suggested a pos- Tibia sp. 2

Tibia from sible identification with a the LondonClay. Plate 3, fig. 18a-b

Distribution - the is - According to Wrigley (1938) species Materialand dimensions Only one specimen (ex OBK

distributed in the London and is is width is widely Clay typically 1514). Its height 5 mm (estimated), 2.8 mm.

present in the Bracklesham Beds.

Description - A single juvenile specimen was found, con-

sisting ofthe well-preserved protoconch andthe first teleo-

Tibia 1 conch whorl. The shell is about twice sp. fusiform, as high as

Plate 3, figs 17, 19a-b wide. The protoconch consists of almost five whorls, of

which the first is moderately convex and the rest are

— found. Materialanddimensions Ten specimens were The slightly convex to almost flat. The nucleus is not pre-

shell illustrated in PI. 3, fig. 17 has a height of22 mm and served. The first whorls are smooth and on the last half

width of PI. 19a-bhas estimated a 10 mm, 3, fig. an height whorl 10 fine spirals occur, separated by narrower inter-

of and width of 27 mm a 11 mm. spaces. The transition to the teleoconch is gradual and in-

dicated by the appearence of axial folds. The teleoconch

- The shell is rather and fusi- Description large narrowly whorl is slightly convex and has a spiral ornament ofabout

about times than wide. The is form, 2.5 higher protoconch 10 threads, which are the continuationofthe spirals on the

teleoconch not preserved on the specimens available. The protoconch. The adapical five spirals are more close-set

of the largest specimen found consists of almost four flat than the other spirals and they remain rather distinct,

whorls, which are separated by rather distinct sutures. The whereas the spirals on the abapical halfof the whorl soon

last whorl is about fifths of the total the two shell-height, fade out. On the convex base seven rather distinct spirals

about three tenths of the total The The axial consists of folds which aperture shell-height. are present. sculpture 16

is small and The la- and aperture relatively obliquely ovate. are slightly opisthocline most prominent adapically.

brum runs into the parietal wall at an angle of about 45°. The last whorl is more than half, the aperture about three

The columella is smoothand almost straight. The callus is tenths of the total shell-height. The aperture is relatively

rather thin, and spiral folds on the columella are visible small and obliquely ovate. The labrum is broken. The

through the callus. As all specimens are immature, the columella is smooth and almost straight with a thin callus

characters ofthe rostrum and the labrum are not preserved, and the short canal is slightly turnedto the left.

but the rostrum seems to be almost straight. The spiral or-

nament consists of seven clear primary spiral ribs, which Discussion — Thisjuvenile specimen differsfrom T. sublu-

are fine and separated by much wider interspaces. The two cida by having a different protoconch. In T. sublucidathe

adapical spirals are very close-set and form a sutural band. protoconch is much narrower (apical angle about 45° in-

The distances between the spirals are not equal; 2 & 3 are stead of 60°) and the axial ribs are present from the last

more widely spaced than 3 & 4; spirals 4 & 5 are the most protoconch whorl. T. sublucida has much more convex

while widely spaced, 5 & 6 have the same interspace as 3 protoconch whorls and rather distinct axial ribs on the last

& 4. Spirals 6 & 7 are close-set. On the last two whorls halfprotoconch whorl. Tibia sp. 2 resembles Tibia sp. 1

secondary spiral ribs are intercalated andthey are ofalmost with its flat whorls, weak spirals and axial ribs, but has a

‘ ’ the same strength as the primary cords and separated by higher number ofprimary spirals. Tibia enigmatica, dis-

furrows. The total number of is about of and narrow spirals 23. cussed above, has a similar number spiral threads

They are almost invisible on the middle part of the whorl weak axial ribs and may be closely related.

and more prominent on the base. The axial ribs are opis-

thocline to almost orthocline, only visible on the early Family Xenophoridae Troschel, 1852. -65 -

Genus G. Xenophora Fischer, 1807 Synonymy for the real Eocypraea oviformis:

* 1812 Cypraea oviformis J. Sowerby, pi. 4, lower figures. schroeteri Xenophora 1854 - (Gmelin, 1791) Cypraea oviformis Sowerby Edwards, p. 128, pi. Plate 4, fig. la-c 16, fig. la-i.

1891 J. - Cypraea oviformis Sowerby Newton, p. 99.

* 1968 1791 Trochus Schroeteri Gmelin, bowerbankii- 150. p. 3575, n. 56. Sphaerocypraea Bonde, p.

1804 Trochus agglutinans Lamarck, p. 51.

1806 Trochus agglulinans Lamarck, pi. 7, fig. 8. — Material and dimensions One specimen, preserved as a

1864 Xenophoraagglutinans Lamarck- 964. internal Deshayes, p. pyritic mould and one specimen, preserved as an 1891 1804 - Xenophora agglulinans Lamarck, and 1806 internal mould in a sidertic/phosphatic concretion, both 218. Newton, p. specimens leg. C. Heilmann-Clausen (CHC E 60). Ten 1910-13 Xenophora agglutinans Lamarck, 1804 -Coss- specimens, preserved as internal moulds in clay-iron stone mann & Pissarro, pi. 12, fig. 69-3. (OBK 63, 195, 419, 724, 826, 827, 828, 1061 and 1574). 1975 Xenophoraagglulinans (Lamarck, 1804)- Castell & One internal mould external (SSV). An mouldofa juvenile Cox, pi. 17, fig. 10. specimen (MTF). The height ofthe shell in PI. 4, fig. 2 is

24 mm, width 20 mm. The height ofthat in PI. 4, fig. 3 is Material - and dimensions Only seven specimens were 46 mm, width 30 mm. Height/width-ratio is 1.2-1.5. The found (ISL OBK 1107, OBK 1260, OBK 1275, MMF 14 height of PI. 7, 17a-c is 39.7 width 32.4 and fig. mm, mm SSV). Specimen OBK 1275 has a height of 19 mm and a width of 32 mm. The largest specimen (MMF 12) has a Description — The shell is rather large and globose. No height of 22 mm and a width of 46.3 mm. external moulds of adult specimens have been found. A

Description - The shell is rather large and low-spired, has juvenile specimen (MTF) a rather distinct spiral orna- conical with flat a to slightly convex base. The The is rather ment. aperture narrow and widens anteriorly.

height/width ratio is about 0.6. The of the is The in shows angle apex large specimen CHC numerous regular teeth about 110°. The was studied on protoconch a juvenile on the labrum. specimen. It has about three smooth and convex whorls which are a distinct suture. The terminal 'A - separated by Discussion In general outline and aperture the Danish whorl has nine fine ribs which crossed five spiral are by specimens resemble Eocypraea oviformis and Sphaerocy- almost orthocline axial ribs. The whorls ofthe teleoconch praea globularis. Bonde (1968) referred the two specimens are slightly convex and separated by a distinct suture. The in CHC to S. bowerbankii(J.D.C. Sowerby, 1850). On the spirals on the protoconch continue on the first halfwhorl label Bonde later has written that the pyritic specimen but then they disappear for two situated im- except spirals comes closer to E. oviformis or Sphaerocypraea alata. In

mediately above the abapical suture. Opisthocline growth- the my opinion pyritic specimen comes very close to E. lines are visible. A concretion in ISL contains two whereas speci- oviformis, the other specimen in CHC seems to

ofwhich one has threeforaminifers attached and the mens, come closer to S. globularis and S. bowerbankii. As only otherhas two foraminifers and several The serpulids. aper- more or less well-preserved internal moulds have been ture is rather narrow and the anterior margin is situated at it reasonable for found, seems most the time being to as- the level of the base, so the aperture is not visible when sign all specimens to Eocypraea cf. oviformis. Better ma- viewed anteriorly. The base has a distinct umbilicus.Near terialmay make possible a subdivision. the umbilicus there are three spirals, whereas the spirals and growth-lines on the base are weak. In collection very Distribution - According to Newton (1891) Eocypraea

SSV a remarkable specimen has five tubes of a serpulid oviformis is known from the London Clay. attached.

Superfamily Ampullinoidea Cossmann, 1919 Discussion -The Danish material matches from specimens Family Ampullinidae Cossmann, 1919 the British and French Eocene. In literature the is species Genus Globularia Swainson, 1840 mostly known as X. agglutinans (Lamarck, 1806).

- Distribution The species has a wide distribution in the Globularia cf. patuloides (Cossmann & Pissarro, 1902) British Eocene and is well-known from the (Newton, 1891) PI. 4, fig. 4 French Eocene.

1968 - 150 Naticidae Bonde, p. (partim).

Family Ovulidae Fleming, 1822

Genus 1903 Eocypraea Cossmann, Synonymy for the real Globulariapatuloides:

1901 mutabilis- & Ampullina Cossmann Pissarro, p. 220 Eocypraea cf. oviformis (J. Sowerby, 1812) (non Solander, 1766). Plate Plate 17a-c 4, figs 2a-b, 3a-b; 7, fig. * 1902 & Ampullinapatuloides Cossmann Pissarro, p. 106. -66-

1909 Ampullina mutabilis- Cossmann & Pissarro, pi. 11, Synonymy for the real Euspira glaucinoides:

fig. 64-25 ( non Solander, 1766).

1933 Globulariapatula formbrabantica Gilbert, 40, pi. J. p. *1812 Natica glaucinoides Sowerby, p. 19, pi. 5, upper

2, fig. 11 • figure. 1946 Globularia (Lamarck) form brabantica 1891 Natica - patula labellataLamarck, 1804 Newton, p. 239 Gilbert - Wrigley, p. 90, fig.7. (non Lamarck).

2007 Globularia patula brabantica Gilbert. 1933 - 1948 Euspira glaucinoides (J. Sowerby, 1812)- Wrigley,

Pacaud, 37. 15. p. p. 14, figs 14,

— - Materialand dimensions Five CHC 112 Materialand dimensions Only one pyritic internal mould specimens: E

three The ofthe was found (CHC E 104). Its estimated height is about 26 (two specimens), OBK, specimens. height

illustrated is 9.0 and its width is 9.4 mm, the width 25 mm. specimen mm mm.

- - All E 112 Description The shell is almost as wide as high and has a Description specimens except are fragmentary

and low naticids, but no have very low apex. The last whorl equals 90 % ofthe total shell represent spired specimens

and umbilicus Final height, the aperture 75%. The protoconch is not preserved, aperture preserved. interpretations are the teleoconch whorls rapidly increase in diameter. The thus not possible. The illustrated specimen E 112 is a py-

ritic internal mould which has the and umbilical whorls are convex and separated by a deep suture. The apertural

is semicircular columella is almost characteristics rather aperture and the well-preserved. straight. The umbilicus is rather wide and the rim, demar-

— Bonde cating the callus, is distinct. Discussion (1968, p. 150) presumed there were

in Danish two species present the material, both known

Discussion - The internal mould from the Eocene of England. Specimen CHC E 104 is la- incomplete pyritic pre- belled Globulariacf. and vents a final identification, but in general outline the patula (Lamarck, 1804) E 112 as specimen matches the description and illustrationof Glo- Euspira cf. glaucinoides (J. Sowerby, 1812). We accept bulariapatula (Lamarck, 1804) forma brabantica(Gilbert, this latter identification.

1933) of Wrigley (1946). Wrigley also described and il- lustrated 11 species of Globularia from the English Eo- Genus Sinum Roding, 1798

cene. Globulariasigaretina (Lamarck, 1804) has a similar outline, but aminuteumbilicus, G. patula (Lamarck, 1804)

Sinum clathratum (Gmelin, s.str. has a higher apex and the whorls are more shoul- 1791)

dered, G. bognorensis Wrigley, 1946 is more high-spired Plate 4, fig. 7

adurni and has very shallow sutures. Globularia Wrigley, * 1791 Nerita clathrata number 1946 and G. splendida (Deshayes, 1864) also have shoul- Gmelin, p. 3675, 21. 1823 canaliculatus J.D.C. 115, dered whorls. G. solentina Wrigley, 1946 is shouldered Sigaretus Sowerby, p. pi. 384. and has canaliculate G. a suture. parisiensis (d’Orbigny,

1833 - Sigaretus canaliculatusSowerby Deshayes, p. 182, is Globularia f. 1850) higher spired. parisiensis macro- pi. 22, figs 13, 14. phala Wrigley, 1946 has a very wide umbilicus. Globu- 1850 Sigaretus canaliculatus —J. de C. Sowerby in Dixon, laria grossa (Deshayes, 1864) and G. grossa f. harrisi pi. 5, fig. 9. (Cossmann, 1889) are high-spired. Globularia navalium 1866 Sigaretus canaliculatus — Edwards in Lowry et al.,

1946 has the on the Wrigley, highest convexity upper part pi. 3.

of the whorl and G. has ad- - sphaerica (Deshayes, 1824) 1910 Sigaretus clathratus (Gmelin) Cossmann & Pis- pressed whorls. Pacaud (2007) stated that brabantica is a sarro, pi. 10, fig. 62-1.

1933 clathratus Gmelin 1791 -Gilbert, junior synonym ofpatuloides. Sigaretus sp. p. 37, pl. 2, fig. 9.

1938 1791 - Sigaretus (Sigaretus) clathratus Gmelin sp. Distribution - According to Wrigley (1946) the species is

Gilbert, p. 76, pl. 2, fig. 14. known from the Bracklesham and the Barton beds. The

1938 Sinum clathratum(Gmelin)-Wrigley, p. 22, figs 44, species is furthermoreknown from the Bruxellian of Bel- 45, 46. gium and from the Bartonian of the Paris Basin.

Materialanddimensions— One specimen, OBK 1157, with Family Naticidae Gray, 1840 height of 6.7 mm and width of 6.6 mm. Genus Euspira Agassiz, 1838

Description — The only specimen found consists of the

protoconch and 0.75 teleoconch whorls. The base and the

cf. Euspira glaucinoides (J. Sowerby, 1812) aperture are not preserved. The protoconch consists of2'A

Plate 5 smooth which distinct 4, fig. whorls are separated by a suture.

The nucleus is small and the firstprotoconch whorl is plan-

1968 Naticidae - Bonde, p. 150 (partim). ispiral and only slowly increases in diameter, whereas the -67-

terminalwhorl increases in diameter The transition PI. rapidly. GPF; paratypes: 4, Fig. 9, MGUH 29771, ex GPF; PI. 4, to theteleoconch is and marked a and MGUH sharp by growth-line Fig. 10, 29772, ex GPF. the sudden appearance of the spiral ornament. The teleo-

conch whorl increases in and is - Galeodeawith quickly height separated by Diagnosis one row ofprominent tubercles a distinct suture. The adapical ofthe labrum is margin pre- situated adapically, no distinct varices, a weak callus and served and The sharp. spiral ornament consists of numer- no internal knobs on the labrum.

fine finer furrows. ous spirals, separated by The spirals are

crinkled deflections in by slight crossing the growth-lines, Derivatio nominis —The species is namedafter Mr Sten Bo which are slightly prosocline. Andersen (Fredericia, Denmark), who during many years

has collected a large quantity ofmaterial at Trelde Nass.

- Discussion The incomplete specimen is consideredto be

Sinum clathratum (Gmelin, 1791). Locus typicus - TreldeNass.

Distribution- The is species known from the Bracklesham Stratum typicum - Lillebaelt Clay, Eocene.

Beds and the Barton Beds in England (Wrigley, 1938).

to According Gilbert(1938) the species has been recorded Description - The shell is large, ovoid and rather thin- from the Paris Basin (Lutetian and and is also Bartonian) walled. The height/width ratio is about 1.4. The protoconch known from the Bruxellian and is Belgian (Gilbert, 1933) not preserved on the specimens available. The teleo-

Wemmelian(Gilbert, conch consists 1938). ofabout five whorls on the largest specimen

found. The last whorl is about0.8 ofthe total shell-height,

the almost of aperture 0.7 thetotal shell-height. The whorls Naticidae indet. are carinated, and the knob-bearing carina is situated near

Plate 4, fig. 6a-b the middle ofthe whorls. The adapical part ofthe whorl is

flat and the to slightly concave, abapical part is slightly

Materialanddimensions- One is available specimen (ex convex. The last whorl is moderately convex below the

SPAF), with height 28.7 mm and width 22.9 mm, pre- periphery and is suddenly constricted into the siphonal served internal as a pyritic mould with parts of the shell canal, which is turned backwards and deeply excavated. preserved. The labrum is not completely preserved on any specimen,

but it has rather weak varix and is flattened. a It is not pos-

- The is rather and naticoid- Description specimen large sible to state the number ofdenticles on the internal side of shaped. The protoconch and are not andthe apex preserved the labrum. The callus is thin and widely distributed on the specimen has the last whorl and about two whorls wall and the and it has free spire parietal on columella, a margin

The whorls are and in- preserved. highly convex rapidly posteriorly which partly covers the transitionfrom the base

crease in diameter. are canaliculated into the They separated by a neck of the canal, resulting in a small pseudum- which is almost horizontal. The last suture whorl occupies bilicus. No specimen shows clearly the numberofdenticles 90% ofthe total shell the 75%. The height, aperture aper- or folds on the columella. ture is wide and and the umbilicus is wide. The base ovate The spiral ornament begins with eight primary spiral cords, is convex but the widens the base of the last as aperture of which the first four are above the carina, spirals 5 & 6 half-whorl is form concave. the carina, and two more are placed abapically. The

spirals are flatand thread-like, and the adapical spirals 2 &

Discussion - The species differs from Eocene English 4are weaker than 1 & 3, whereas the abapical spirals are of

Naticidae the ofthe The of almost the by shape aperture. state preser- same strength. The adapical spiral ofthe carina vation further identification. is the prevents strongest of all. On the following whorls secondary

spirals are intercalated in the interspaces, and numerous

Family Cassidae Latreille, 1825 the last whorl and the spirals are present on on convex

Genus Galeodea 1805 base. The axial Link, sculpture consists ofnumerous fineriblets,

and knobs appear on the carina, having their largest dimen-

sion in the directions ofthe spirals. Their numberis about Galeodea anderseni n. 20 the last whorl. The sp. on growth-lines are prosocline on

Plate 4, figs 8-10 the ofthe but almost adapical part whorl, orthoclineon the

abapical of the whorl. Old are not dis- part apertures very

Materialand dimensions- This is ofthe but species one most tinct, can be observed on some specimens. common larger gastropods in the LillebaeltClay. More than

60 specimens are but are internal - known, many moulds. A Discussion According to Bonde (1968) the Lillebaelt few rather complete external moulds allow the following contains several of the Clay species genus Galeodea, in- ofthe illustrated description. Height holotype in PI. 4, fig. cluding G. gallica Wrigley, 1934 and G. bullata (T. 8 is the width 31.5 41.4mm, mm. Brown, 1839) known from the London Clay. The material

‘ ’ studied comes closest to Cassis striata J. Sowerby, 1812

Type material - PI. MGUH ex from Holotype 4, Fig. 8, 29770, the Eocene London Clay of England (see Wrigley, -68 -

1934, p. 116, figs 22-23). However, the Danish specimens Synonymy for the real Priscoficus eocenica:

differ by having a more weakly developed callus. On the

the callus is thicker and *1929 Ficus - 4-6. English species more wide-spread eocenica n. sp. Wrigley, p. 238, figs with a sharper margin. The characteristic tubercles on the internal side of the labrum could not be observed on the Material and dimensions - Two defective specimens Danish which lack the distinct varices of the specimens (OBK601 and 1571). The height of OBK 601 (PI. 5, fig. 3)

English species. The outline ofthe spire is less convex and is 63 mm, width 31 mm. OBK 1571 (PI. 5, figs 1 -2) has an the knobs on the shoulder are stronger. For these reasons estimated height of at least 70 mm and a width of 42 mm. we prefer to establish a new species.

Description - Specimen OBK 601 consists ofthe impres- Genus MambriniaGardner, 1939 sion of one side ofthe last whorl and the aperture. Speci-

men OBK 1571 consists ofthe internal mould of the apex

and last whorl and parts of the teleoconch, preserved as Mambrinia cf. nodosa in Brander, (Solander 1766) impressions. The protoconch and some of the first teleo- Plate 5, fig. 4 conch whorls are missing. The shell is large and pear-

with shaped, a relatively high apex and angulated whorls. Synonymy for the real Mambrinianodosa: The aperture is wide and ovate and the columella is sinu-

deflected the left. The is ous, anteriorly to whorl slightly

in *1766 Buccinum nodosum Solander Brander, p. 43, fig. angular because of the two keels and separated by a 131. slightly undulating suture. The part ofthe whorl above the

1850 Cassidaria nodosa - Solander, 1766 Dixon, p. 105, adapical keel is almost straight and between the two keels 120; pi. 5, figs 3-4; pi. 7, fig. 43; pi. 15, fig. 8. the whorl is almost perpendicular. On the slightly concave 1891 Cassis nodosaSolander, 1766-Newton, p. 105. base there are five further spirals, of which the abapical 1934 Galeodea nodosa (Solander) - Wrigley, p. 120, figs is the Between the keels there five 31-32. one strongest. are spirals

and weaker On the keels there rather 1934 Galeodea nodosa (Solander) form funicincta (Ed- secondary spirals. are

wards - weak tubercles. On the whorls the keel is MS) Wrigley, p. 120, fig. 31. spire adapical

situated almost at the middle of the whorl and has fine tu-

Material and dimensions - One pyritic internal mould bercles. On the adapical part there are about seven fine

and the there (OBK 734) was found. The specimen has a height of 27 spirals on abapical part are seven more spi- mm and a width of 24 mm. rals. The number of axial ribs is about 25-30. They are

opisthocline, meeting the adapical suture at an angle of

Description - The specimen comprises 2'A convex whorls. 110°and the carina at an angle ofabout 75°. On the abapi-

features The last whorl cal almost orthocline No apertural are preserved. com- part they are to slightly opisthocyrt.

Fine tubercles the intersections prises about 2/3 of the total shell-height. On the spire occur at with the carina. whorls one knob-bearing spiral is situated on the middle of the whorl, while another weaker knob-bearing spiral is Discussion - Priscoficus eocenica (Wrigley, 1929) from

the London is less slenderand has somewhat lower situated immediately above the suture. The knobs are large Clay a

but is rather similar in size and and rounded. Onthe middle whorl there are 14knobs. The apex, general outline, or-

last whorl bears three knob-bearing spirals, of which the nament (see Wrigley, 1929, p. 238, figs 4, 5a-b, 6). Pris-

smithi has adapical one is stronger than the other two. The knobs are coficus (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1827) a narrower aper-

not placed above each other. On the base of the last spire ture and a lower number of strong tubercles (see Wrigley,

The differs from whorl there are a further six spirals. 1929, figs la-b, 2a-b). present species

Fulgoroficus cf. multiformis, described below, in having

- much weaker axial ribs. Discussion This species is more high-spired than Mam-

brinia nodosa and also resembles Galeodea gallica

Distribution - Wrigley, 1934 (see Wrigley, 1934, p. 123, figs 21,25). According to Wrigley (1929) Priscoficus

eocenica is known from the London Clay.

Distribution — According to Newton (1891) Mambrinia

Genus 1890 nodosa is present in the Barton Beds, Bracklesham Beds Fulgoroficus Sacco,

and London Clay.

Ficoidea 1864 Superfamily Meek, Fuigoroficus cf. multiformis (Wrigley, 1929) Ficidae 1864 Family Meek, Plate 5, figs 5-6 Genus Priscoficus Conrad, 1866

Synonymy ofthe real Fulgoroficus multiformis:

cf. eocenica *1929 Ficus Priscoficus (Wrigley, 1929) multiformis Wrigley, p. 241, figs 15,16a-b, 17,

Plate 5, figs 1-3, 7 18, 20,21. -69-

Materialanddimensions- Two shells MMK the total shell the juvenile (ex height, aperture and canal about0.4. The 3 and PI. 4). 5, fig. 5 has a of6.3 mm and a width of base and canal height aperture, are preserved on one of the two

5.2 mm. of OBK 1158. The is specimens aperture ovate and con- stricted into a narrow canal ofthe same length. The canal is

Description -The juvenile specimen consists ofthe deflected proto- to the left. The labrum is sharp, but on the inter- conch and about 1 Vi teleoconch whorls. The protoconch nal side there are 11 knobs a short distance in from the

consists of two smooth convex, whorls, separated by a margin ofthe labrum. The columellais sinuous and smooth

deep suture. The nucleus is small and depressed and the with a rather defined well callus. The spiral ornament con-

first whorl is After two whorls fine sists of protoconch planspiral. eight primary spirals, which are separated by inter-

prosocline axial ribs cross six fine become of almost the spirals. They spaces same width. On the later whorls

orthocline to opisthocline and number about 20 on each secondary spiral ribs are intercalated, especially between

teleoconch whorl. The and the axial ribs are of al- spirals the adapical spirals. The adapical spirals are weaker than

most the same in a cancellate strength, resulting rectangu- the abapical ones which undulate across the axial ribs.

lar ornament. The is wide and the columella is aperture Growth-lines are rather distinct and opisthocyrt. The axial

straight. The consists ofone side of fragmentary specimen sculpture consists of 12-16 ribs, which are wider than their teleoconch whorls two on which three almost The axial ribs orthocline equidistant interspaces. are to slightly opis-

keels are developed. thocline.

Discussion - The specimens agree quite well with the de- Discussion - The Danish material matches the descriptions but because of scription by Wrigley (1929), incomplete and figures of this species from the English Eocene. Eo- final identification is preservation a not possible. cantharus lavatus (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1823) differs particu-

larly by the spiral ornament. Between the main spirals this

Distribution - the According to Wrigley (1929) species species has four fine spirals, absent in Danish examples of

occurs in the London Clay. E. morrisii.

Infraordo Neogastropoda Wenz, 1938 Family Nassariidae Iredale, 1916

Superfamily Buccinoidea 1815 Rafinesque, Genus Desorinassa Nuttall & Cooper, 1973 Family BuccinidaeRafinesque, 1815

Subfamily Buccininae Rafinesque, 1815

Desorinassa tonnesenin. sp.

Plate 5, figs 10, 12 Eocantharus morrisii(Edwards in Lowry et al., 1866)

Plate 5, figs 8-9 Material and dimensions - Two juvenile specimens in

concretion OBK 1276 and c. 25 specimens in concretion * 1866 Pisania morrisii Edwards in Lowry et 4. al., pi. OBK 1521.The of height the specimen illustrated in PI. 5,

1891 morrisii - Pisania Edwards (MS) Newton, p. 161. 10 is 5.6 the width fig. mm, 3.7 mm. The largest specimen

1949 - 15. Pallia londini(Wrigley) Wrigley, p. has (PI. 5, fig. 12) a height of 8.5 mm.

1949 Pollia - 15. sp. Wrigley, p.

1963 Cantharus (Eocantharus) morrisii (Edwards) - material - PI. 78. Type Holotype 5, fig. 12, MGUH ex Glibert, p. 29784, OBK PI. 1965 Pollia morrisii - 1521; paratype 5, fig. 10, MGUH 29782, ex OBK (Edwards) Curry & King, p. 34. 1276. 1997 Cantharus (Eocantharus) morrisii (Edwards in

Lowry etal., 1866)-Jeffery & Tracey, p. 96, pi. 10,

7-8. - A small Desorinassa with figs Diagnosis a spiral ornament of

7-8 weak spiral bands, no subsutural platform and slightly

Materialand dimensions- Six GPF specimens, 2001/44, convex whorls. The canal is very short and the labrum is OBK OBK 462, 906, OBK 1158 (two specimens) and smoothand slightly thickened. OBK 1494.The shell illustrated in PI. 5, fig. 8 has a height

of 10.8 mm and a width of mm. 5.3 PI. 5, fig. 9 is 11.5 mm Locus typicus - TreldeNaes.

high and 5.0 mm. wide.

Stratum typicum - LillebasltClay, Eocene. Description -The shell is fusiform, about2.5 times higher than wide. Specimen 2001/44 consists ofthe protoconch

Derivatio nominis - The species is named after Michael and four spire whorls. The protoconch is multispiral and Tonnesen of Fredericia, who made material in his collec- of about broadly conical, consisting 2'A convex whorls, tion available to which us. are separated by deep sutures. The nucleus and the

ofthe sculpture protoconch whorls are not preserved. The

has a little largest specimen more than three teleoconch Description - The shell is small, ovate-conical and about whorls, which are and 1.5 times moderately convex separated by a as high as wide. The last whorl is 0.8 of the total

suture. The last whorl is 0.6 of deep, slightly undulating shell-height, the aperture about 0.5. The largest specimen -70-

has an apex, consisting ofthree whorls, and the last whorl two whorls, which are convex, separated by a deep suture preserved. The whorls are slightly convex and separated by and quickly increasing in diameter.The remaining teleo-

rather distinct The is wide and conch consists of almost which a suture. aperture relatively eight whorls, are highly ovate and the very short canal is situated near the end of convex and separated by a deep suture. The whorls are the columella and is almost spout-like. The labrum is carinated, because of a strong spiral rib, situated on the smooth, prosocline and slightly thickened. It runs in a middle of the whorl. This rib divides the whorl into a

into the end of the with its and regular curve canal, deepest straight to slightly concave adapical part a convex

below the columella.The columella is and The consists of six point concave abapical part. spiral ornament primary short, ending before the deepest point of the aperture, and spirals, ofwhich the top three are weak and situated on the has thickened columellar towards the canal. The ofthe whorl. 2 & 3 close-set. a plait adapical part Spirals are more callus is well defined and there is a small umbilicus. A On the sixth teleoconch whorl a weak secondary spiral is weak ridge is visible on the apical side ofthe fascicle. The inserted between spirals 1 & 2. The abapical three spirals spiral ornament consists of 9-10 very weak and low spiral are stronger and regularly placed on the convex part ofthe bands, which are more or less visibleand separated by very whorl. They decrease in strength abapically. The axial ribs fine furrows. The adapical spiral is stronger than the other run from one suture to the other and are almost orthocline. spirals and separated from the following spiral by a wider They numberabout 12, and are wider than their interspaces furrow. The convex base has further 14 spiral bands. There and not sharply demarcated. On the adapical part they are

is no axial sculpture, but very fine, prosocline growth-lines very weak. Rounded tubercles occur at the intersections may be observed, having the same shape as the labrum. with the spiral ornament, having their largest dimensionin

a spiral direction. The growth-lines are opisthocyrt.

Discussion - The new species comes rather close to De- sorinassa desori(Deshayes, 1865), which is the type spe- Discussion - The Danish specimen is considered to be

cies of Desorinassa. The Danish species differs from the Fusinus unicarinatus (Deshayes, 1835) although it differs

four ribs instead of type species by having a more prominent spiral ornament, slightly by having spiral adapically

no subsutural platform and a much shorter canal, and it is five.

considerably smaller. Desorinassa acies (Watelet, 1853)

and Desorinassa ovata (Deshayes, 1835) from the Distribution- According to Wrigley (1927) the species is

in Ypresian of the Paris Basin both have a spiral ornament present the London Clay and Bracklesham Beds.

similar to the Danish species but are larger. The former is

relatively more slenderand the latter has a subsutural plat- Genus Clavilithes Swainson, 1840

form. Desorinassa wi/Z/aws/Nuttall & Cooper, 1973 from

the English Ypresian is larger and almost smooth. The

genus Desorinassa is mainly distributedin the Thanetian Clavilithes cf. intermedius Wrigley, 1927

ofFrance and England and the Ypresian ofFrance (Nuttall Plate 5, fig. 12

& Cooper, 1973).

1968 Buccinid species - Bonde, p. 150.

Family Fasciolariidae Gray, 1853

Subfamily Fusininae Wrigley, 1927 Synonymy for the real Clavilithes intermedius:

Genus Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815

*1927 Clavilithes intermedius Wrigley, p. 228, fig. 13.

Materialanddimensions- One fragmentary specimen (ex Fusinus unicarinatus (Deshayes, 1835) CHC) with height 58 mm and estimated height when com- Plate 5, fig. 11 plete 75 mm, the width is 28 mm.

*

11 - 1835 Fusus unicarinatus Deshayes, p. 515, pi, 57, figs

— defective is known. It 12. Description Only one specimen lacks the protoconch and the first teleoconch whorls, and unicarinatus - 1850 Fusus Deshayes Dixon, p. 104. pi. 7, the canal and the labrum defective. The shell is fig. 25. are large

1891 Fusus unicarinatus Deshayes - Newton, p. 153. and fusiform, almost threetimes higher than wide. The last

1927 Fusus unicarinatus Deshayes - Wrigley, 217, fig. of estimated p. whorl is about 0.6 the shell-height, the aper-

1. ture and canal about 0.4. One side of the last 3Vi teleo-

conch whorls is preserved. The whorls are convex and

Materialand dimensions— One fragmentary specimen (ex separated by a deep suture. The aperture is oval and sud-

The ofthe is 20 the OBK 146). height apical fragment mm, denly constricted into the long, narrow and almost straight

width 8 estimated about 30 mm, height mm. canal. Posteriorly it runs into the paries at an acute angle

small is well-defined with a spout. The labrum broken; a

- The shell lacks the and Description body whorl, aperture callus is present on the inner lip. The spiral ornament con- canal, but has the and rather well apex protoconch pre- sists of several rather weak bands on the adapical part of served. The shell is slender. The consists of protoconch the whorl and four stronger bands on the abapical part. -71 -

inserted Secondary spirals are on the later whorls. An axial with abapical part distinct spiral ornament. The whorls are

ornament ofabout ten weak folds is the divided broad, present on by deep sutures which are almost canaliculatebe- first teleoconch whorls but later of the gradually disappears on cause constricted abapical part ofthe whorl. On the whorls. Opisthocyrt growth-lines are visible. of adapical part the whorl about five very weak spiral rib-

lets the are present, on abapical part there are 15 spiral ribs,

Discussion - Bonde mentioned than their (1968, p.149) a large high stronger interspaces. There is no axial sculpture,

buccinid which is the described but spired gastropod, specimen slightly opisthocline growth-lines are visible, having a here. Ofthe described from the Eocene C. shallow sinus species English very on the adapical part of the whorl. intermedins Wrigley, 1927 (p. 228, fig. 13) seems to be

closest, or even Clavilithes Discussion - conspecific. rugosus (Lamarck, Specimens from Denmark are more slender 1803) (see Cossmann & 1907, 40, Pissarro, pi. fig. 198-9) than the British ones, but matchother features quite well. has more angulated whorls and sharper axial ribs. Cla-

vilithes dameriacensis Cossmann - (Deshayes, 1864) (see & Distribution According to Newton (1891) the species is also close the Pissarro, 1907, pi. 41, fig. 198-8) comes to present in the Barton Beds, Bracklesham Beds and London

Danish species. Clay.

Distribution - According to Wrigley (1927) the species is Family VolutidaeRafinesque, 1815 in the Bracklesham present Beds. Genus Volutocorbis Newton, 1906

Genus Daphnobela Cossmann, 1896 Volutocorbis cf. ambigua (Solander in Brander, 1766)

Plate 6, figs 3-4

1968 Volutocorbis — Daphnobela juncea (Solander in Brander, 1766) sp. Bonde, p. 150.

Plate 6, figs 1-2

for the real Synonymy Volutocorbis ambigua :

*1766 Murex Solander in junceus Brander, p. 17, pi. l,fig. 26. Strombus ￿1766 ambigua Solander in Brander, p. 32, pi. 5,

1822 Buccinum junceum Solander - J. Sowerby, pi. 375, fig. 69. 1. 1823 Valuta fig. ambigua Solander-J.D.C.Sowerby, pi. 399,

Buccinum 1850 junceum Solander, 1766-Dixon, p. 100, fig. 1.

47. 1854 Valuta - pi. 7, fig. ambigua Solander, 1766 Edwards, p. 150,

1860 Metula juncea —Edwards, pi. 33, fig. lOa-c. pi. 19, fig. 4a-b.

1891 Metula 164. 1891 Valuta juncea Solander, 1766-Newton, p. ambigua Solander, 1766-Newton, p. 132.

1997 Daphnobela juncea (Solander in Brander, 1766) -

Jeffery & Tracey, 96, pi. 10, figs 15-16. Materialand dimensions - p. This species is rather common

and is found as pyritic internal moulds or external impres-

Material and dimensions - Nine specimens were found. sions. than More 100 specimens were collected. The height

The material consists of two almost complete specimens, of the specimen illustrated in PI. 6, fig. 3 is 43 mm, its three last whorl apices, one the aperture, and one width showing 25 mm. The height of the shell in PI. 6, fig. 4 is 25 specimen showing the rear ofthe last whorl and The part aper- mm. largest specimen foundhas an estimated height of ture and two incomplete specimens The (OBK, MMF). 65 mm and a width of 32 mm. shell illustrated in PI. 6, fig. 1 has a height of 15.6 mm and a width of5.1 mm. PI. 6, 2 is 9.5 and fig. mm high 3.2 mm - Description The shell is rather large, ovoid-conical and wide. rather solid. The is protoconch not very well preserved but

is multispiral and has aboutthree smooth whorls separated

Description - The shell is rather fusiform and slen- small, by a distinct suture. The transition to the teleoconch is in- der, about threetimes wide. The is as high as protoconch distinct. The largest specimen consists ofalmost five teleo- not but be completely preserved seems to paucispiral, con- conch which and whorls, are convex separated by a deep sisting of about two smooth whorls. The teleoconch con- suture. The last whorl is about 0.7 of the total shell height, sists of up to six whorls, the last whorl isabout 0.3 of the the The aperture 0.5. aperture is ovate and passes anteriorly total shell height, the aperture about 0.2 ofthe total shell into a narrow and short canal which is slightly deflectedto The rather height. narrow is into the aperture oval, passing the left. The labrum is broken and the columella has two short canal. The smooth columella is almost straight; the distinct folds. The spiral ornament consists of flat spiral labrum is partly broken but is slightly thickened. The bands, separated by narrow spiral grooves. The axial sculp- teleoconch whorls are relatively high and constricted an- consists of ture 12-14distinct ribs which are almost ortho- have their width teriorly. They largest one quarter whorl cline. below the adapical suture,where a distinct carina is situ- ated, dividing the whorl into a concave slightly adapical - Discussion Danish specimens come close to V. ambigua with weak part spiral ornament and a slightly convex but differ slightly by having a higher apex and more dis- -72-

tinctsutures, by being less slender and having sharper axial conch whorl are missing. The shell is biconical, the ribs. As V. ambigua shows a wide range of variation, the height/width-ratio about 1.9. The specimen has four teleo-

Danish still be referred this conch which carinated and specimens may to species. V. whorls, are strongly separated lima (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1823) has more convex whorls, a by a distinct suture. The lastwhorl is about0.75 ofthe total canaliculatedsuture and knobs at the intersectionsbetween shell-height, the aperture 0.5. The aperture is narrow and

has almost sides. The labrum is The the spirals and the axial ribs. The number of axial ribs is parallel missing. Ca- higher. rina is situatedabove the middle of the whorl and divides

the whorl into flat and a adapical part an almost straight

Distribution - Volutocorbis which almost The According to Newton (1891) abapical part, drops perpendicularly.

is restricted the Beds. of the whorl is smoothand the ambigua to Barton adapical part abapical part

has about five weak spiral bands. The slightly convex base

Volutidaeindet. has numerous fine spiral bands. The axial sculpture con-

Plate sists of weak ribs and with the sinus the 6, fig. 5 growth-lines on

carina. Below the carina the growth-lines are prosocyrt.

Materialanddimensions- One specimen (OBK 224) with The number of axial ribs is 16. Strong tubercles occur at

10.4 and width 4.3 the intersection with the carina. height mm, mm.

Description - The only specimen found consists of about Discussion - The Danish species differs from Hemiconus three teleoconch whorls. The shell is slender and almost concinnus (J. Sowerby, 1821) by having the keel situated biconical, about 2.5 times higher than wide. The proto- above the middle of the whorl. The adapical part of the conch and the apertural features are not preserved. The whorl is concave and below the keel the whorl is almost whorls are slightly convex and separated by a rather dis- perpendicular on the Danish specimen which also has a tinct suture. The last whorl is about 0.7 of the total shell slightly lower number of nodules and no spirals on the height. Judging by the neck the canal seems to have been adapical part of the whorl. Bonde (1968, p. 150) referred rather long and narrow. The spiral ornament begins with this specimen to an unspecified London Clay species. three primary spiral threads of which the adapical is weaker than the other two and situated near the suture. The Subfamily Clathurellinae H. & A. Adams, 1858 two abapical spirals are more close-set and situated near Genus Bathytoma Harris & Burrows, 1891 the middle ofthe whorl. On the following whorl a weaker

below the and another spiral appears adapical suture a weak spiral above the abapical suture. The three primary Bathytoma turbida(Solander in Brander, 1766)

remain than the others. On the last whorl Plate 7a-b spirals stronger 6, fig. and the base and the neck convex 10 spirals are present, on

* 1766 Muresturbidus Solander of the canal there are 6 further spirals. Axial sculpture is in Brander, p. 10, pi. 2, fig.

but 31. absent, numerous, slightly prosocline growth-lines are 1816 Pleurotoma colon J. Sowerby, pi. 146, figs 7-8. visible on and between the spirals.

1843 - 157 Pleurotoma cataphracta Brocchi Morris, p.

(non Brocchi). Discussion — The genus Longoconcha Stephenson, 1941 157. 1843 Pleurotoma turbida —Moms, p. has some resemblance, but as the aperture and columella 1860 Solander - Pleurotoma turbida Edwards, p. 311, pi. characters are not preserved, a final determination is im- 32, fig. 2a-c. possible. However, Longoconcha is restricted to the Creta- 1891 Pleurotoma turbida Solander, 1766 - Newton, p. & ceous (Saul Squires, 2008). 126.

1975 Bathytoma turbida (Solander) - Castell & Cox, pi.

Superfamily Conoidea Fleming, 1822 26, figs 16-17.

Family Conidae Fleming, 1822

Coninae Fleming, 1822 Materialanddimensions- One fragmentary specimen (ex

Genus Hemiconus Cossmann, 1889 ISL 2001/64), one complete juvenile specimen (OBK 421)

and an incomplete juvenile specimen (OBK 870) were

found. The estimated height ofthe illustrated specimen is

Hemiconus sp. about 34 mm, the width 13 mm.

Plate 6, fig. 6

Description - The shell is rather large and slender, oblong-

1968 - 150. Conidae Bonde, p. ovate-fusiform.The height/width ratio is about2.5; the last

whorl is 0.8 ofthe total shell height, the aperture 0.5. The

Material and dimensions - One external mould pyritic protoconch is badly preserved on the complete juvenile

(CHC) with the ornament preserved, height 17.6 mm, specimen, but is multispiral and conical with about three

width 9.0 mm. convex whorls. The transition to the teleoconch is not de-

terminable. The complete juvenile specimen consists of

- The and of the first teleo- Description protoconch part five teleoconch whorls, which are separated by a distinct -73-

suture. The first teleoconchwhorls are low, later The whorls relatively convex. are separated by a deep suture. The The becoming higher. aperture is oblong ovate, passing is constricted aperture elongate-ovate, basally into a presu- into the rather short and almost straight canal. The labrum mably long, straight siphonal canal. The labrum is broken

is the inner is well defined and the columellais and the columella broken; lip is straight, with a well defined callus.

smooth with an indistinct fold. On the subsutural oblique band there are three distinct spiral

The whorls have a zone above the middle ofthe of which the depressed threads, lower two are the strongest. On the

whorl and a subsutural band. The the ofthe spiral ornament on concave part whorl there are five fine spirals and on first teleoconchwhorl has a rather distinct under the the carina three spiral strong spirals. Below the carina there is

suture and intercalated adapical secondary spirals are on one rather distinct spiral, later two and secondary spirals the whorls. A carina of three is younger consisting spirals are inserted on the following whorls. On the last two teleo- situated little under a the middle ofthe whorl. conch whorls the carina fades Immediately away, resulting in an orna- the over abapical suture a rather distinct and ofalmost below the spiral appears ment equal spirals concave part ofthe

one further spiral on the later whorls. In the con- whorl. appears The convex base and the neck ofthe canal have a

of the whorl there cave part are about three finer similar spirals. ornament. The axial sculpture is most visible on the

The two thirds of the whorl with subsutural abapical are convex a band, where it causes 30-40 rather distinct tu- blunt carina below the middle of the whorl. This carina is bercles. On the first teleoconch whorl there are knobs on

formedby three spiral cords on the first teleoconchwhorls. the of spirals the carina, but they soon fade out. The

Below the carina there to six of which the are up spirals growth-lines are distinct. They are prosocyrt under the two ones are than the others. The abapical stronger convex adapical suture and have a rather deep sinus on the middle base and the neck of the canal have Secon- of the of strong spirals. concave part the whorl, where they cause a fine

dary weaker spirals are intercalated. The axial ribs form ofthe granulation spirals. Below the carinathey are proso- distinct tubercles where the they meet spirals. On the first cyrt. teleoconch whorl there are 30 fine tubercles below the

adapical suture. Growth-lines are rather - distinct, having Discussion Our specimen is consideredto be conspeciflc their sinus the on middle of the carina. with Orthosurcula crassa (Edwards, 1857, pi. 26, fig. la-

d). Orthosurcula rostrata (Solander in Brander, 1766)

Discussion - We the Danish with compared specimens (Edwards, pi. 26, fig. 8a-c) is also related, but is more elon-

from the Barton Beds of match examples England. They gate and has a finer ornament. these specimens, as well as descriptions and illustrations in the literature. Distribution - According to Newton (1891) the species is

restricted to the London Clay.

Distribution - According to Newton (1891) the species is restricted to the Barton Beds.

Orthosurcula planetica (Edwards, 1857) Family Clavatulidae Gray, 1853 Plate 6, fig. 9 Genus Orthosurcula Casey, 1904

* 185 7 Pleurotomaplanetica Edwards, p. 212, pi. 26, fig. 3.

1891 Pleurotoma 1856 - planetica Edwards, Newton, p, Orthosurcula crassa (Edwards, 1857) 109. Plate 6, fig. 8 1997 Turricula(Orthosurcula) planetica (Edwards, 1857)

- Jeffery & Tracey, p. 98. * 1857 Pleurotomacrassa Edwards, p. 212, pi, 26, fig. 1 a-d.

1891 Pleurotomacrassa Edwards, 1856-Newton, p. 107. Dimensionsand material-Only two defective specimens

Turricula - 1984 crassa (Edwards, 1856) Cooper, p. 8. are known (OBK 482 and 1371). Height of the latter is 19 1997 Turricula (Orthosurcula) crassa (Edwards, 1857)- width mm, 8 mm. & 98. Jeffery Tracey, p.

Material and dimensions - One - specimen (OBK 1287) Description Specimen OBK 1371 has almost one side with estimated if an height of c. 65 mm and a whereas OBK 482 consists of of complete completely preserved part width of 23 mm. the penultimate whorl and half of the body whorl. The

and the aperture siphonal canal are preserved except for the

Description - The only available specimen has almost labrum which is broken. The shell is fusiform and has threewhorls The lastwhorl is 0.7 of caused completely preserved. angulated whorls, by two strong spirals which are the estimated the shell-height, more than halfthe situated the The of aperture near abapical suture. adapical part the estimatedshell height. The whorls are convex with a whorl is concave. very slightly The base is almost flat and con- well subsutural band and a broad carina stricted into the canal which developed pre- narrow is of almost the same served on the first of the teleoconch whorls. The whorls the The is length as aperture. aperture ovate and narrow, have between a concave ramp the adapical sutural band passing into the canal. and the carina. Beneath the carina the whorl is The regularly spiral ornament is well preserved and covers the -74-

adapical flat part of the whorls. Near the adapical suture Dimensions and material - MTF, one incomplete speci- are two rather weak spirals with small tubercles. Below men, preserved as a pyrite cast with remnants ofthe shell; these nine fine are spiral threads, abapically increasing in two internal pyritic moulds(SPAF); three external moulds strength. About five rather strong spirals increase in (OBK 390, 802, 862).The height of the illustrated speci- strength towards the two strong peripheral cords. On the men is22.1 mm, its width 12.0 mm. Estimated height c. 30 base and the neck ofthe canalthere are 10 spirals decreas- mm. ing abapically in strength and fine secondary spirals are

seen between them. for fine growth-lines and the Except Description - The figured specimen consists ofalmost five apical tubercles the shell has no axial sculpture. The teleoconchwhorls. The protoconch is missing. The shell is growth-lines have a rather deep sinus placed on the middle fusiform, about2.5 times as high as wide. The lastwhorl is of the nine fine spirals. half the shell height, the aperture about one quarter. The

labrum of andthe end the canal are also missing. The aper- Distribution -According to Newton(1891) this species is ture is ovate, evenly constricted towards the apparently restricted to the Bracklesham Beds. short canal. The columella is slightly concave and smooth.

The teleoconch whorls are convex with a weak shoulder Orthosurcula cf. teretriumcrebrilinea(Edwards, 1857) and are separated by a deep suture. The adapical part ofthe Plate 6, fig. 11, 12 whorl is almost flat. The spiral ornament consists of two

fine threads immediately below the adapical suture and Synonymy for the real Orthosurcula teretrium crebrilinea: five more on the middle ofthe flat shoulder. Under the flat

of the whorl there are about 15 *1860 Pleurotoma teretrium var. crebrilinea Edwards, p. part spirals separated by

210, pi. 30, fig. 8f. narrower interspaces. The convex base has a similar orna-

1891 Pleurotomateretrium var. crebrilineaEdwards, 1856 ment. The axial sculpture consists of about 16 indistinct

112. -Newton, p. ribs which are opisthocline on the abapical part of the

1997 Turricula (Orthosurcula) teretrium crebrilinea(Ed- whorl. On the base they fade out. The growth-lines are

wards, 1857)-Jeffery & Tracey, p. 98, pi. 11, fig. 6. prominent and cause a fine granulation of the subsutural

spirals and those on the flat part of the whorl. Below the

and material- Dimensions Two specimens, preserved as suture they are prosocline and meet the suture at an angle an internal pyritized mould and an external mould of an of45°. They have a moderately deep sinus on the middle of

incomplete specimen, were found(MMF, OBK 873). The the flat part of the whorl and run in an opisthocline curve estimated of PI. is its width is height 6, fig. 11 c. 24.5 mm, across the abapical part ofthe whorl, having the shape of 9.2 mm. the axial ribs.

Description - The largest specimen has the impression of Discussion - Related species are Crenaturriculamacilenta the whorl and of the whorl body part penultimate pre- (Edwards, 1857, pi. 26, fig. 13a-b) and Orthosurcula sul- served. The last whorl is 0.6 of the estimated height, the culosa (Edwards, 1857, pi. 27, fig. 2a-c). aperture 0.5. The whorls are angular and divided into a

slightly concave adapical part and a moderately convex Superfamily CancellarioideaForbes & Hanley, 1851 abapical part. The base is slowly and evenly constricted Family CancellariidaeForbes & Hanley, 1851 is into a rather long and almost straight canal. The callus Subfamily Cancellariinae Forbes & Hanley, 1851 thin and rather indistinctly defined. The labrum is missing Genus Cancellaria Lamarck, 1799 and the basal spirals are visible through the thin callus on Subgenus Merica H. & A. Adams, 1854 the columella. The the of spiral ornament on adapical part

the whorl consists of about 10 fine threads of which the

adapical four are granulated by the growth-lines. On the Cancellaria evulsa in Brander, ofthe whorl there about and the (Merica) (Solander 1766) abapical part are 12 spirals Plate 6, fig. 13a-b base and the neck of the canal have a similar ornament.

Secondary spirals are intercalated. About 16 weak opistho- Buccinum *1766 evulsum Solander in Brander, p. 13, fig. cline axial ribs are visible on the penultimate whorl and 14. they gradually disappear on the body whorl. The growth 1822 Cancellariaevulsa - J. p. 361, th Sowerby, 84, pi. figs lines are rather distinct, having their deep sinus on the 7 2-4. spiral thread on the adapical concave part ofthe whorl. On 1835 Cancellaria evulsa Solander - Deshayes, pi. 79, figs

the body whorl they are flexuous. 27-28.

1850 Cancellaria evulsa Solander- Dixon, p. 103, pi. 7,

Distribution-According to Newton (1891) this species is fig. 40.

170. restricted to the London Clay. 1891 Cancellariaevulsa Solander, 1766-Newton,p.

1935 evulsa - Bonellitia (Solander) Wrigley, p. 364, figs

12-13,44.

Orthosurcula 1975 Bonellitia evulsa - Castell & sp. (Solander) Cox, pi. 26, Plate 6, fig. 10 fig. 7, -75-

Dimensions and material - Just adult than the three a single specimen, abapical spirals which are almost equal in

its whorl with the The bands retaining body aperture preserved, was strength. spiral are separated by narrow furrows. found. Two further be juvenile specimens may con- On the convex base there are a further 11 spiral bands. specific.The estimated is 28 the width height mm, 14 mm. Weak growth-lines are visible in between the spirals.

- The adult has - Description only specimen a spiral orna- Discussion The Danish material comes close to British ment consisting of about 10 cords with threads of Tornatellaea secondary examples simulata which are, however, intercalated. The axial ribs are strongly prosocline. The more slender (height/width ratio almost 2.0) and the is into the short which aperture ovate, running canal, has an growth-lines are more prominent. As T. simulata shows a adaxial The columella has threerather folds wide of spout. strong range variability and the Danish specimens are ofwhich the abapical one the to the rather joins margin siphonal poorly preserved, they are considered conspecific.

canal. There is a weak callus.

Distribution - According to Newton (1891) the species is

Discussion - We referthis Cancel- incomplete specimen to present in the Barton Beds, Bracklesham Beds and London laria evulsa, because it is similar to the description and Clay. illustrations in Wrigley (1935).

Superfamily MathildoideaDali, 1889

Distribution - This had wide species a stratigraphical dis- Family MathildidaeDali, 1889 tributionduring Eocene and Oligocene times in the North Genus Mathilda Semper, 1866

Sea Basin.

Clade Heterobranchia Mathilda sp.

Superfamily Acteonoidea d’Orbigny, 1843 Plate 7, fig. 1

Family Actaeonidae d’Orbigny, 1843

Acteoninae Subfamily d’Orbigny, 1843 Dimensions and material - Only one fragmentary speci-

Genus TornatellaeaConrad, 1860 found ofthe men was (ex ISL). Height fragment is 5.1 mm,

width 4.0 mm.

Tornatellaeasimulata (Solander in Brander, 1766) Description - The only available specimen consists ofthe Plate 7, figs 3,4, 5a-b impression oftwo teleoconchwhorls. The whorls are mod-

erately convex and separated by a deep suture. The spiral

*1766 Bulla simulata Solander in Brander, 29, pi. 4, fig. consists of five p. ornament strong cords, separated by wider 61. Weaker interspaces. secondary spirals are intercalated. 1817 Avicula simulata Solander, 1766 - J. pi. Sowerby, 3 & counted from Spirals 2, 4, the adapical suture, are the 163, figs 5-8. strongest. The axial sculpture consists of about 35 almost

1850 - Actaeon simulatus? Dixon, pp. 98. 119.227;pi. 14, orthoclineribs which are weaker than the spirals and sepa- fig. 25. rated by wider interspaces. The spirals and the axial ribs 1891 Solidula simulata 1766 - Solander, Newton, p. 261. cause a cancellation ofthe whorls.

1968 - Tornatellaea sp. Bonde, p. 150.

1975 Tornatellaeasimulata(Solander)-Castell & Cox, pi.

27, fig. 5. Discussion- Mathildasororcula Wrigley, 1940(p. 10, fig.

1997 Tornatellaea in simulata(Solander Brander, 1766)- 17) has a rather similar ornament but seems to have more

& 10. Jeffery Tracey, p. 103, pi. 14, fig. convex whorls.

Dimensions and material - Six pyritic moulds (SPAF, Superfamily Pyramidelloidea Gray, 1840 ofthem with the shell MTF, JTH), some partly preserved. Family Pyramidellidae Gray, 1840 Two external moulds ofthe also available apex are (OBK). Subfamily TurbonillinaeBronn, 1849 ofthe Height illustrated specimen on PI. 7, figs 5a-b is 18.0 Genus TurbonillaRisso, 1826 mm, width 12.4 mm.

Description - The shell is ovoid-conical, with a Turbonilla sp. height/width ratioofabout 1.5. The last whorl is almost 0.8 PI. 7, Fig. 2 of the total shell height, the aperture about 0.6. The proto- conch is only preserved on two - juvenile specimens (PI. 7, Dimensions and material Only one fragmentary speci-

Figs 3-4). The shell has about three teleoconch whorls men (ex GPF4). Its height is 2.7 mm, width 1.2 mm. which are moderately convex and separated by a deep su- ture. The aperture is rather wide and ovate. The labrum is Description - The specimen consists of aboutthreewhorls broken on all available and the colu- which specimens straight are moderately convex and separated by a deep su- mellahas two strong folds. The spiral ornament consists of ture. The only sculpture is of 12-14 axial ribs which are five flat bands. The two adapical bands are wider orthocline spiral to slightly opisthocline and of almost the same -76-

strength as their interspaces. The base is convex and Distribution-The species is recorded from the Fur Forma-

smooth. tion (Ypresian) of Denmark (Morch, 1874; Ravn, 1907),

from the Ypresian London Clay in England, from the

Discussion — The poor materialexcludes an identification. Ypresian of Belgium and the Ypresian of the Paris Basin.

It has also been recorded from the Late Paleocene of Ala-

bama, U.S.A. (Janssen et al., 2007). It is the oldest ptero-

Order Thecosomata de Blainville, 1824 pod species known.

Superfamily CavolinioideaGray, 1850

Family Limacinidae Gray, 1850 Genus LimacinaBose, 1817

Genus Heliconoides d’Orbigny, 1834

Limacinapygmaea (Lamarck, 1804)

Heliconoides lillebaeltensisA.W. Janssen in Janssen et Plate 7, fig. 9 al., 2007

Plate 6-7 7, figs 1965a Spiratellapygmaea (Lamarck, 1804)-Curry, p. 362,

figs 18a-b, 19 (with further synonymy).

2007 Limacina Janssen 2007 HeliconoideslillebaeltensisA.W. Janssen in Janssen pygmaea (Lamarck, 1805)-A.W.

in Janssen et 11. etal., p. 161, figs 3-8, 12-13. al, p. 165, fig.

- - Dimensions and material is known Dimensionsandmaterial More than 200 specimens were Only one specimen recovered from several concretions.The height of the (OBK 1072). Shell height is 1.0 mm.

specimen illustrated in PI. 7, fig. 7 is 2.1 mm.

Description - The shell has a very low spira, considerably

Description - See Janssen et al. (2007). lower than the accompanying specimens of Heliconoides

liliebaeltensis. The aperture is not visible.

Remarks - This species is characterised by an elevated

reinforced Distribution- Janssen the spira and an externally apertural margin. It co- According to et al., (2007) spe-

with cies is known from the Eocene ofthe Paris and occurs H. mercinensis in many concretions. (Lutetian) North Sea basins.

Distribution- The species is only known from the Lille- baelt Clay ofDenmark. Superfamily Cavolinioidea Gray, 1850

Family Cavoliniidae Gray, 1850

Subfamily Creseinae Curry, 1982

Genus Creseis 1828 Heliconoides mercinensis (Watelet & Lefèvre, 1885) Rang,

Plate 7, Fig. 8

Creseis 1874 Planorbis ikke ulig Pl. vortes men maaske en Val- sp.

vatina - Morch, p. 279. Plate 7, figs 10-11

*1885 Spirialis mercinensis Watelet & Lefevre. p. 102, pi.

5, fig. 2a-c. Dimensions and material- Twenty eight specimens were

- 368. 1907 Valvatinaraphistoma Stolley Ravn, p. found (CHC 139), all originating from the L2 level. Height

1913 Valvatina merciniensis (sic!) (Watelet & Lefevre) - of the illustrated specimen is 4.9 mm, width 1.9 mm. A Cossmann & Pissarro, pi. 60, pteropodes 2-2. fragmentary specimen has a height of5.0 mm and a width 1965a Spiratella mercinensis (Watelet & Lefevre, 1885)- of 2.3 mm. The estimated height when complete is c. 8 Curry, p. 366, figs 15a-b, 16. mm. 1997 Spiratella mercinensis (Watelet & Lefevre. 1880)-

& 1. Jeffery Tracey, p. 104, pi. 15, fig.

- All and have 2007 Heliconoides mercinensis (Watelet& Leftvrc, 1885) Description specimens are depressed only

- A.W. Janssen in Janssen etal., p. 163, figs 7-8. parts ofthe very thinand fragile shell preserved. A vertical

line is visible on all specimens, most probably just a crack

Dimensions and material- More than 100 specimens are in the shell wall. A single specimen (PI. 7, fig 12) differs

known from several concretions.The diameter of the il- less slenderoutline and to another by a might belong spe-

lustrated specimen is 2.1 mm. cies

- Description See Janssen et al. (2007). Discussion - The poor stateofpreservation prevents a final

identification.

Discussion - The sinistral shell is planorboid and thus

easily distinguished from the two other pteropods. Aper- Class Cephalopoda Cuvier, 1795

tural reinforcements are not preserved, but the character- Subclass NautiloidaAgassiz, 1847

istic shape allows a sound identification. Order Nautilida Agassiz, 1847 -77-

Superfamily Nautiloideade 1825 Dimensions andmaterial- Blainville, One specimen with a diameter 1927 of Family Hercoglossidae Spath, 35 mm (GPF). Genus Cimomia Conrad, 1866 - Description The specimen is preserved as an internal

cast. pyrite The smooth and ventricose shell has a closed

Cimomia umbilicusand imperialis (J. Sowerby, 1812) concave septa. The lateral lobes are narrow

Plate 7, 13-14 and and the figs pointed dorsal lobes are strongly curved. The

siphuncle is large. * 1812 Nautilus imperialis J. Sowerby, pi. 1 (upperand right hand figures). Discussion - The specimen matches the illustrations in 1835 Nautilus Lamarcki Deshayes, 767, pi. fig. 1. p. c, literature. 1843 Nautilus imperialis J. Sowerby - Sowerby, pi. 627, fig. 4.

Distribution - Aturia had wide ziczac a geographical dis- 1849 Nautilus J. - imperialis Sowerby Edwards, p. 47, pi. tribution. It has been recorded from Eocene and 5. Oligocene

deposits in England, France, Belgium, and Ac- 1850 Nautilus J. - Germany. imperialis Sowerby Dixon, pp. 109, Newton the is known in 120, 228. cording to (1891) species Britain

1865 from the London and Bracklesham Beds. Nautilus Lamarcki Deshayes, p. 625. Clay

1891 J. - Nautilus imperialis Sowerby Foord, p. 321.

1891 J. 290. Nautilus imperialis Sowerby -Newton, p. Comparison with English Eocene faunas 1949 J. - Nautilus imperialis Sowerby Wngley, p. 16.

1968 Cimomia cf. - 150. imperiatis Bonde, p. The molluscan fauna of the British Eocene has been de-

1997 - Cimomia imperialis (J. Sowerby, 1812) Jeffery & scribed by numerous authors. Newton (1891) gave a sum- Tracey, p. 104, pi. 15, figs 7- 8. mary of the species in the Edwards collection, with the

ofthe stratigraphical ranges species. Curry (1965b) gave a

Dimensions andmaterial- More than 10 more or less de- survey of the Palaeogene beds of SE England and stated fective specimens were found (OBK, GPF, CHC).The the number of species in the English Eocene beds. How- largest dimensions ofthe specimens illustratedin PI. 7, fig. it be concluded that ever, may a modem revision is 13 and 14 respectively are 77 mm and is 85 mm. needed; several strongly species appear to be undescribed

(J. Todd, pers. comm., 2004). Description - The shell is large, estimated diameterwhen The London is of Eocene Clay Early (Ypresian) age (cf. about20 complete cm, globose and rather narrow in ven- Fig. 5) and has a uniform lithology of fine grained clay. tral view. The is The aperture subelliptical. septa are con- Curry (1965b) concluded that it was deposited at some

cave and have a gentle undulationon each side with broad distance from land, in a sea without strong currents. He dorsal lobes which are inflected towards the axis. The suggested a water depth of 100-200 fathoms (180-360 m). reflected backwards in rather growth-lines are a deep nar- However, a somewhat shallower, innerto mid-neritic envi- row wave. The umbilicus is narrow and deep. ronment was suggested by King (2006). He also inter-

the bivalve preted genera Thyasira, Arctica and Astarte as

Discussion - The Danish specimens match the descriptions indicators of their deep water, as recent representatives all and illustrations in literature. have a predominantly boreal distribution.

The Bracklesham Beds of latest are Ypresian-late Middle

Distribution - According to Newton (1891) the species is Lutetian age, more or less synchronous with the Lillebaelt known from the Barton and Bracklesham beds. Clay (Fig. 5). The Bracklesham Beds contain a rich mol-

luscan faunaofabout500 species indicating changed con- Family Aturiidae Chapmann, 1857 ditionof deposition compared to the London Clay (Curry, Genus AturiaBronn, 1838 1965b). Representatives of attached bivalves such as

Chama, Arca, Spondylus and Plicatula appear, indicating

shallow, clear water. Other new genera suggesting very Aturia ziczac (J. Sowerby, 1812) warm water occur: Conus, Mitra, Oliva and Marginella. Plate7, fig. 1 Cold water indicators (Arctica, Astarte, Thyasira and

Aporrhais) from the LondonClay are absent in the Brack- *1812 Nautilusziczac J. Sowerby, 9, pi. 1, 3. p. fig. lesham fauna.

1835 Nautilusziczac J. - Sowerby Deshayes, p. 765, pi. c, The Barton Beds of late Middle Eocene (Bartonian) age figs 2-3. consist ofmarine (Fig. 5) sands and clays with a molluscan

J. - 1849 Aturia ziczac Sowerby Edwards, p. 52, pi. 9, fig. faunaofabout500 shallow cooler la-h. species, indicating a sea,

than that of the Bracklesham Beds. 1850 Aturia ziczac J. Sowerby-Dixon, pp. 110,194, pi. 8, A with the known fig. 19. comparison stratigraphical ranges ofthe

Aturia J. - British shows 1865 ziczac Sowerby Deshayes, p. 628. species that the Danish fauna has 28 species

1891 Aturia J. - in with the older ziczac Sowerby Foord, p. 342, 344. fig. common LondonClay, 19 with the more 74a, b. or less synchronous Bracklesham Beds and 15 with the 1891 Aturia ziczac J. Sowerby -Newton, 292. p. younger Barton Beds (Table 3). Thus the affinity to the -78 -

London Clay is the greatest. A possible explanation is that numerous specimens of Rotularia bognoriensis (Mantell, the London Clay was deposited in deep water whereas the 1822) andthe brachiopod Terebratulinawardenensis Elli-

Bracklesham and Beds in shallow Barton originated more ott, 1955 is rather frequent. Isolated pyrite stems of the waters. Some species from the London Clay may have sur- crinoid Isselicrinus subbasaltiformis (Miller, 1821) are vived in in the Lutetian deep water environment Denmark. frequently found washed out of the clay and are also re-

Danish molluscs from L4 and which corded in situ in Most originate L5, are Bed L4 (cf. above) but only one specimen referred the Lutetian but molluscs from Bed to Stage, L2 has been found in a concretion. A few plates of asteroids

have also been found.The be found. (Ypresian Stage) figures may have been Numerous concretions containing deca- distorted in view of the fact that several species from the pods have been found, representing nine species (Collins &

Lillebaelt Clay are only tentatively identified to species Jakobsen, 2003). Frequently these concretions also contain level. Furthermore, the of the British ofthe stratigraphic ranges many specimens pteropod Heliconoides.Vertebrates species have not been updated recently. include sharks, teleosts, turtles and birds (Hoch, 1975;

Heilmann-Clausen,2006; Bondeet al., 2008). Fourteleost

species represented by otoliths have been recorded

State of otoliths preservation, palaeoenvironment (Schwarzhans, 2007). According to his paper the

indicate deep water.

Some mollusc species occur abundantly. In Table 2 one

valve of a bivalve is counted as 'A.

Only the more common species are listed in Table 4, with Acknowledgements their palaeoecological significance.

The frequent bivalve species all belong to the infauna and During the first author’s visit to the Natural History Mu-

foundwith are frequently both valves united, especially so seum (London, UK), October, 2003, Jonathan A. Todd

Atrina affinis, Pholadomya virgulosa, Cyclocardia sube- assisted locating specimens, offered advice and partici-

and lucinid All bivalve indicate legans a species. species a pated in fruitful discussions on taxonomy. Alexander soft seabed and calm The and Abra water. generaAstarte Sysoev (Moscow, Russia) kindly gave his opinion on a suggest a rather low water temperature, probably due to problematic turridand Jean-Michel Pacaud (MNHN, Paris,

Teredinidaeand cf. did the for volutid. deep water. Aviculoperna limaeformis France) same a Sten L. Jakobsen (Geo- indicate sunken driftwood, just like the single specimen of logical Museum ofthe University ofCopenhagen, Copen-

Ostrea in sp. hagen, Denmark) was very helpful locating Eocene ma-

the the Galeodeais terial in the collections of the Richard Petit Among common gastropods genus an museum. E. echinivore, but surprisingly only a few echinoids have been (Myrtle Beach, USA) and Jean-Michel Pacaud (Paris, found. Tibia species are detritivores and Eocypraea cf. France) kindly helped with literature. Gijs Kronenberg oviformis a herbivore. The rather rare turrids are ver- (Eindhoven, The Netherlands) supplied info about Apor- mivores, like the more common Tornatellaeasimulata. rhais sowerbii. Alan Morton (Winkfield, UK) and Nick

A remarkable occurrence is Potamides sp., as the represen- Zachariades (Ringwood, UK) kindly made samples from tatives ofthe family Potamididae are generally associated the English Eocene available. Soren Bo Andersen (De- with mangroves, thus indicating near-shore conditionsand partment of Earth Sciences, Aarhus, Denmark) did the a tropical climate. Yet the only specimen found may have greater part of the photographic work and critically read been transported with sunken driftwood. the manuscript. We are greatly indebted to the following

The very abundantpteropods and frequent nautiloids indi- Danish private collectors, who made their valuablecollec- cate fully marine conditions with connection to the ocean. tions available for study: Mogens Madsen (Fredericia),

Other mollusc species are very rare, many only known as MichaelTonnesen (Fredericia), the late Soren Peter Ander-

In single specimens. many concretions molluscs seem to be sen (Fredericia), Sten Bo Andersen and H.C. Hansen concentrated, probably by current, e.g. Cyclocardia sube- (Fredericia), Ole Barsoe Hansen (Kolding), Jesper and legans. Tibia sublucida and Heliconoides spp. Thomas Hansen (Kolding), Jytte Frederiksen (Risskov)

The and Volutocorbis and the genera Eocypraea, Ficus and Susan Schou Sorensen (Valby). nautilioidsall indicate whereas the thanks Niels Bonde of and warm water, common Special go to (Dept, Geography bivalve species Astartefiligera treldensis and Abra mad- Geology, Univ. of Copenhagen) who many years ago seni suggest colder water. stimulatedthe junior author’s fascination for the Lillebaelt

The diversity of the mollusc fauna is rather low, as com- Clay fossils, resulting in a scientific career. Niels Bonde’s pared to the British Barton and Bracklesham Beds, which critical scientific approach, his enthusiasm and interest in both have molluscan faunas ofabout 500 species. The ra- the Danish Eocene and its biota have been sources of ther Danish molluscanfauna ofthe Lillebaelt since. poor Clay, as inspiration ever well as the dominant species, indicate water depths of The authors are grateful to Mr Kristiaan Hoedemakers about 100-300m. The dominantspecies are all full grown, (Mortsel, Belgium) for his mediation in publishing the

indicating good conditions for these species. present paper and to the editors of this periodical for nu-

Amongthe non-molluscan invertebrates several species of merous improvements ofthe manuscript.

Anthozoa are rather frequent, indicating an oxygen-rich This study was supported by the Carlsberg Foundation

environment and current. The serpulids are represented by through grant ANS — 1083/60. -79-

Nr Nr Species Number of specimens

1 Nucula 1 Nucula minor Deshayes, 1860 2/1, 2/2

22 Leionucula Wood, 3/2 proava ( Wood, 1864)1864)

33 Nuculana amygdaloides (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1827) 2/1, 12/2

44 Yoldiella galeottiana {(Nyst,Nyst, 1845) 1/1

5 Yoldiella minima (J. Sowerby, 1818) 1/1, 1/2

6 6 Yoldiellaoblalaoblata (Wood, 1864) 9/2

7 7 Limopsis (Pectunculina) cf. scalarisscalaris (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1824)1824) 1/2

8 8 Modiolus undulatusundulatusWood, 1864 1/2

Atrina 9 Atrina affinisaffmis (J. Sowerby, 1821) 10/1

10 PteriaPlena cf. papyracea (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1837) 2/2 11 cf. Aviculoperna limaeformis (Vincent, 1893) 2/1, 10/2 12 ?PropeamussiumIPropeamussium sp. 3/2

13 Ostrea sp. 1/2

1414 Lucinidae 1 Lucinidae sp. 3/1

1515 Lucinidae sp. 2 1/1

16 Thyasira (Thyasira)(Thyasira) goodhalligoodhalU(J.D.C. Sowerby, 1837) 2/1, 2/2

1717 Chama cf. Chama cf. squamosa Solander in Brander, 1766 1/2

18 Cyclocardia subelegans (Wood, 1871) 12/1, 102/2102/2

1919 Astartefiligera treldensis n. subsp. 2/1, >50/2>5O/2

2020 Crassatella cf.cf sulcata (Solander inin Brander, 1766) 1/1

21 AbraAbra 21 madseni n. sp. 1/1, 120/2

2222 Macrocallista Macrocallista sp. 1/2

2323 Pelecyora sp. 1/1

24 24 Pholadomya (Pholadomya) virgulosa J.D.C. Sowerby, 1844 >5O/1>50/1

2525 Thracia (Thracia) barsoeibarsoein. n. sp. 8/1

2626 Cardiomya triradiata (Wrigley, 1940)1940) 1/1

2727 Cuspidaria inflata (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1827) 1/1, 4/2

2828 et indet.indet. Teredinidae, gen. sp. 2/2, numerous tubes

indet. 2929 Dentaliidae indet. 1

3030 Periaulax spirata (Lamarck.(Lamarck, 1804) 6

31 Potamides 31 Potamides (Eotympanotonus) sp. 1

32 32 Orthochetus charlesworthiWrigley, 1940 1

3333 ? Cerithiella Cerithiellasp.sp. 1

34 Cerithiopsis sp. 1

35 35 Foratiscala aff.aff newtoni dede Boury, 1890, 3

36 Tenuiscala Tenuiscala sp. 1

3737 Littoriniscalascalarioides (J.D.C.(J.D.C. Sowerby in Dixon, 1850) 1

3838 Epitoniidae gen. et sp. indet. 11

39 Aporrhais sowerbii (Fleming, 1828) 1

40 Tibiasublucida (Edwards(Edwards in Lowry et al., 1866) >5O>50

4141 1 Tibia sp. 10

4242 Tibia sp. 2 1

4343 Xenophoraschroeteri (Gmelin, 1791) 7

44 Eocypraea cf. oviformis (J. Sowerby, 1812) 13 45 Globularia cf 45 Globularia cf. paluloidespatuloides (Cossmann & Pissarro, 1902). 1

46 Euspira cf. glaucinoides (J. Sowerby, 1812) 5

47 Sinum clathratumclalhratum(Gmelin, 1791) 1

4848 Naticidae indet. 11

4949 Galeodea Galeodea anderseni n. sp. >5O>50

Mambrinia cf. nodosa 50 Mambrinia cf. (Solander in Brander, 1766) 1

51 Priscoficus cf. eocenica (Wrigley, 1929). 2

52 Fulgoroficus cf. multiformis (Wrigley, 1929) 3

53 Eocantharus morrisii (Edwards in Lowry el al, 1866) 6

54 tonneseni 54 Desorinassa tonneseni n. sp. 27

55 Fusinus unicarinatus (Deshayes,(Deshayes, 1835) 1

56 56 Clavilithes cf. intermediusWrigley, 1927 1

5757 Daphnobelajuncea (Solander in Brander, 1766)1766) 7

58 cf. Volutocorbis cf. ambigua (Solander in Brander, 1766) 103103

5959 Volutidae indet. 11

6060 Hemiconus sp. 1

61 61 Bathytoma turbida (Solander in Brander, 1766) 3 -80-

Orthosurcula 62 crassa (Edwards. 1857) I1

63 Orthosurcula planetica (Edwards, 1857) 2

64 Orthosurcula cf. teretrium crebrilinea(Edwards, 1857) 3

65 Orthosurcula sp. 6

66 Cancellaria(Merica) evulsa (Solander in Brander, 1766) 1+2?

67 Tornatellaeasimulata (Solander in Brander, 1766) 1

68 1 Mathildasp.

69 1 69 Turbonilla sp.

70 Heliconoides lillebaeltensisA.W. Janssen in Janssen et al, 2007 >200

71 Heliconoides mercinensis (Watelet & Lefevre, 1885) > 100100

1 72 Limacinapygmaea (Lamarck, 1804)

28 73 Creseis sp. 28

74 Cimomia imperialis (J. Sowerby, 1812) 10

75 Aturia ziczac (J. Sowerby, 1812) 1

Table 2. List of mollusc species from the Eocene LillebaeltClay and the numberof specimens.

Nr Species 121 2 3

*￿ 1 Nucula minor Deshayes, 18601 860

* 2 ￿ Leionuculaproava (Wood, 1864)

33 Nuculana amygdaloides (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1827)1827) *

4 Yoldiella galeottiana (Nyst,(Nyst, 1845) * *￿

￿ ￿ *￿ 55 Yoldiella minima (J.(J. Sowerby, 1818) ￿ ￿

66 Yoldiella oblata (Wood, 1864) ￿

77 Limopsis (Pectunculina) cf. scalarisscalaris (J.D.C.(J.D.C. Sowerby, 1824) (*)

8 ModiolusundulatusundulatusWood, 1864 *

* 99 Atrina affinisajfinis (J. Sowerby, 1821)

10 Pteria cf. Pteria papyraceapapyracea (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1837) (*) 11 Aviculoperna cf. limaeformis (Vincenf(Vincent, 1893)

12 12 ?Propeamussium sp.

13 Ostrea sp.

14 I1 Lucinidae sp.

2 15 Lucinidae sp.

16 Thyasira (Thyasira) goodhalli(J.D.C. Sowerby, 1837) ** *

cf. inin 17 Chama cf. squamosa Solander Brander, 1766 (*)

1818 Cyclocardia subelegans (Wood, 1871) * ￿

treldensis 1919 Astarte (s. lat.) filigera treldensis n.n. subsp.

20 Crassatella cf. sulcatasulcata (Solander in Brander, 1766) (*)

21 AAbrahra madseni n. sp.

22 Macrocallista sp.sp.

23 Pelecyora sp.sp.

24 Pholadomya (Pholadomya) virgulosavirgulosa J.D.C. Sowerby, 1844 ￿

25 Thracia (Thracia)barsoei(Thracia)barsoei n. sp.

* 26 Cardiomya triradiata(Wrigley, 1940)

27 Cuspidaria inflatainjlata (J.D.C.(J.D.C. Sowerby, 1827) *

28 Teredinidae, gen. et sp. indet.

29 Dentaliidae indet.

30 Periaulax spirata (Lamarck, 1804) ** *

31 Potamides (Eotympanotonus)(Eotympanotonus) sp.

* 32 Orthochetus charlesworthi Wrigley, 1940

33 ?CerithiellaICerithiella sp.

34 Cerithiopsis sp.sp.

* 35 Foratiscala aff.aff newtoni de Boury, 1890,

36 Tenuiscala sp.

37 Littoriniscalascalarioides (J.D.C. Sowerby inin Dixon, 1850) *

38 Epitoniidae gen. et sp. indet.

39 Aporrhais sowerbii (Fleming, 1828) ￿

* 40 Tibia sublucida (Edwards in Lowry etal., 1866)

41 Tibia 1 sp.

42 Tibia 2 sp. -81 -

* 43 Xenophora schroeteri (Gmelin, 1791) * ￿4c

44 Eocypraea cf. oviformis (J.(J. Sowerby, 1812) (*)(•)

45 Globularia cf. patuloides (Cossmann & Pissarro, 1902). (*) (•)C)

46 Euspira cf.cf. glaucinoidesglaucinoides (J. Sowerby, 1812)

47 Sinum clathratumdathratum(Gmelin, 1791) ￿* * ￿4c

4848 Naticidae indet.

49 Galeodea anderseni n. sp.

￿* ￿4c 4c 5050 Mambriniacf.cf. nodosa (Solander in Brander, 1766) ￿

51 PriscoficusPriscofwus cf.cf. eocenica (Wrigley, 1929). (*)

52 Fulgoroficus cf. multiformis (Wrigley, 1929)

* 53 Eocantharus morrisii (Edwards in Lowry el al., 1866) *

54 Desorinassa tonneseni n. sp.

￿ * 55 Fusinus unicarinatus (Deshayes, 1835) ￿ *

56 Clavilithes cf. intermediusintermedins Wrigley, 1927 (*)

￿ 57 Daphnobelajuncea (Solander in Brander, 1766) ￿ * *4c

58 Volutocorbis cf. ambigua (Solander in Brander, 1766) ￿4«

59 Volutidae indet.

Hemiconus 60 sp.

4c 61 Bathytoma turbida (Solander in Brander, 1766) ￿

62 Orthosurcula crassa (Edwards, 1857) (*)(•)

63 OrthosurculaplaneticaOrthosurcula planetica (Edwards, 1857) *

64 Orthosurcula cf.cf. teretrium crebrilinea(Edwards, 1857) (*)

65 65 Orthosurcula sp.

66 Cancellaria (Merica) evulsa (Solander in Brander, 1766) ￿ 4c￿

67 Tornatellaeasimulata(Solander in Brander, 1766) ￿4c * 4c￿

68 Mathildasp.

69 Turbonillasp.

70 Heliconoides lillebaeltensis A.W. Janssen in Janssen et al.,al., 2007

71 Heliconoides mercinensis (Watelet & Lefevre, 1885) *￿

72 Limacina * pygmaea (Lamarck, 1804)

73 Creseis sp.

74 Cimomiaimperialis (J. Sowerby, 1812) * **

75 Aturia ziczac (J. Sowerby, 1812) *4c **

Total number of species 28 19 15

Table 3. inSE ofthe molluscs of Stratigraphical range England the LillebaeltClay, based mainly on Newton (1891). 1. London Clay; 2.

Bracklesham Beds; 3. Barton Beds. Incompletely identifiedoccurrences are between brackets.

Species number palaeoecology(after Jeffery & Tracey, 1997)

Heliconoides lillebaeltensis >>200200 pelagic herbivorous ciliary-feeder

Volutocorbis cf. ambigua > 100 molluscivore

Heliconoides mercinensis >100> 100 pelagic herbivorous ciliary-feeder

Pholadomya virgulosa >>7070 infaunal suspension feeder

Abra madseni Abra madseni n.n. sp. >>6060 infaunaldepositdeposit feeder

> 60 echinivore Galeodea andersenin. sp. >60 echinivore

Tibiasublucidasublucida >60> 60 detritivore

Cyclocardia subelegans >>5050 infaunal suspension feeder

Astartefiligerafdigera treldensis n. subsp. >25> 25 infaunal suspension feeder

Desorinassa tonnesenitonneseni carnivorous n. sp.sp. 27 carnivorous

Cimomiaimperialisimperialis >>1010 free-swimming predator

1 2 > 10 Lucinidae indet. sp. + sp. > 10 infaunal chemosymbiont Aviculoperna cf. limaeformis > 10 epifaunal suspension feederfeeder

Teredinidae indet.indet. >10> 10 wood-boringxylophagexylophage andand suspensionsuspension feeder

Eocypraea cf. oviformis >10> 10 herbivore

Atrina affinis 10 semi-infaunal suspension feeder

Tibia 1 sp. 10 detritivore

Daphnobelajuncea 9 carnivorous

Nuculanaamygdaloides 8 infaunalinfaunal deposit feeder

Thracia barsoei 8 infaunal feeder n. sp. infaunal suspension -82-

Tornatellaeasimulata 8 infaunalvertnivore

Periaulax spirata 6 epifaunal

Cuspidaria inflatainflate 5 carnivorous

Bathytoma turbidalurbida 3 vermivore

Table 4. Frequent mollusc species of the Eocene Lillebaelt Clay and their palaeoecological indications. -83-

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J. The Sowerby, 1812-1822. mineralconchology ofGreat Brit- Wrigley, A. 1938. English Eocene and Oligocene Strombidaeand ain: and those or colouredfigures descriptions of remains of Aporrhaidae. Proceedings ofthe Malacological Society 23,

testaceous animals or shells, which have beenpreserved at 61-88.

various times and depths in the earth 1-4. London (Sowerby), Wrigley, A. 1940. Some Eocene Mollusca, with descriptions of

1(1-18), 1-214, pis 1-102, 1812-1815;2(19-35), 1-239, pis new species. Proceedings ofthe Malacological Society 24,6-

103-203, 1815-1818; 3(36-53), 1-186, pis 204-306, 1818- 18.

1821; 4(54-65), 1-14, pis 307-377,1821-1822(dates ofpub- Wrigley, A. 1946. English Oligocene and Eocene Ampullinids. lication of the various issues, cited according to Cleevely, Proceedings of the Malacological Society 27, 88-104.

1974). Wrigley, A. 1948. EnglishEocene and OligoceneNaticidae. Pro- J.D.C. 1822-1846. The Sowerby, mineral conchology ofGreat ceedings ofthe Malacological Society 28, 10-30.

Britain: or coloured and A. figures descriptions of those re- Wrigley, 1949. TheLondonClay at Lower Swanwick, Hamp-

mains testaceous animals which of or shells, have been pre- shire. Appendix, 13-19. In: Thomas, H.D. & Davies, A.G.

served at various and the times depths in earth 4-7. London (eds). The Prosobranch Rhabdopleura inthe English Eocene.

(Sowerby),4(66-70), 105-151,pls378-407,1822-1823;5(71- Bulletin ofthe BritishMuseum (Natural History) (Geology) 1,

96), 1-171, pis 408-503, 1823-1825;6(87-105), 1-239, pis 1-29.

504-609, 1826-1829;7(106-113), 1-80, pis 610-648, 1840-

1846 (dates ofpublication ofthe various issues, cited accord-

ing to Cleevely, 1974).

Thiede, J., Nielsen, O.B. & Perch-Nielsen, K. 1980.Lithofacies,

mineralogy and biostratigraphy of Eocene sediments in

northernDenmark (Deep Test Viborg 1). Neues Jahrbuchfur

Geologic undPaldontologie, Abhandlungen 160, 149-172.

Thomsen, E., Abrahamsen, N., Heilmann-Clausen,C., King, C.

& in Nielsen, O.B. press. MiddleEocene to Early Oligocene

development in the eastern North Sea Basin: biostratigraphy,

magnetostratigraphy and paleoenvironmentof the Kysing-4 borehole, Denmark. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,

Palaeoecology.

Tracey, S. 1992. A review ofthe Early Eocene molluscsof Bog-

norRegis (Hampshire Basin), England. Tertiary Research 13, 155-175.

S. & Tracey, Todd, J. A. 1996. Nomenclatural changes for some

Bracklesham Group gastropods. Tertiary Research, 16,41-

54.

Tracey, S., Todd, J.A., Le Renard, J., King, C. & Goodchild,

M.1996. DistributionofMollusca in units SI to S9 ofthe Sel-

Formation sey (middle Lutetian), Selsey Peninsula, West

Sussex. Tertiary Research 16, 97-139.

Vincent, G. 1893. Note prdiminaire sur les Avicula. Contribution

ala paleontologie des terrains eocenes de la Belgique. Societe

Royale Malacologique de Belgique, Bulletin des Seances

1893 Ixiii-lxxiv. , -86-

Plate 1.

1a-b. Nucula 1860. internal mouldof silicone (Lamellinucula) minor Deshayes, a) right valve, b) latex castof same specimen, external

view. MGUH 29708, ex OBK 736. Length 14.8 mm.

2. Leionucula cast view. MGUH OBK 411. 8.5 proava (Wood, 1864). Silicone latex ofright valve, internal 29709, ex Length mm.

3. Leionucula latex double-valved external proava (Wood, 1864).Silicone cast of fragmentary specimen, view ofleft valve. MGUH

29710, ex MMF. Estimated length when complete 8.0 mm.

4. Nuculanaamygdaloides (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1821). Silicone latex cast, internal view. MGUH 29711, ex ISL. Length 23.5 mm.

5. Nuculanaamygdaloides (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1821). Concretion, internal view. MGUH 29712, ex OBK 477. Length 21.9 mm.

6. Nuculana Silicone latex amygdaloides (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1821). cast, external view. MGUH 29713, ex OBK 415. Length 9.9 mm.

7. Yoldiellagaleottiana (Nyst. 1844). 2001/7. Silicone latex cast of double-valved specimen, external view. MGUH 29714, ex GPF.

Estimated length when complete 5.0 mm.

8. Yoldiellaminima (J. Sowerby, 1818). Silicone latex cast ofright valve, internalview. MGUH 29715, ex OBK 1355. Length 4.8 mm.

9a-b. Yoldiellaminima (J. Sowerby, 1818). Silicone latex cast, a) external, b) internal view ofright valve. MGUH 29716, ex OBK 435.

Length 5.0 mm.

Yoldiella oblata 10. (Wood, 1864). Silicone latex cast ofright valve, internal view. MGUH 29717, ex OBK 1077. Length 4.7 mm.

II. Yoldiella oblata (Wood, 1864). Silicone latex cast, internal mould of right valve. MGUH 29718, ex MMF. Length 5.5 mm.

12. Limopsis (Pectunculina) cf.scalaris (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1824).Concretion, internalmould ofleftvalve. MGUH 29719, ex OBK 1060.

Length 2.9 mm.

13. Modiolusundulatus(Wood), 1864. Silicone latex cast ofright valve, external view. MGUH 29720, ex OBK 1003.Length 27.0 mm.

14. Atrinaaffinis (J. Sowerby, 1821).Concretion, internal mouldwithpart of the ornament preserved, external view. MGUH 29721, ex

OBK. Length 115 mm.

Pteria 15. cf.papyracea (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1837). Silicone latex cast ofright valve, externalview. MGUH 29722, ex OBK 914. Length

20.0 mm.

16. Aviculoperna cf. limaeformis (Vincent, 1893). Silicone latex cast, external view oftwo specimens. MGUH29723, original in MTF.

Length 23.0 mm.

17. external MGUH CHC 133. 4.8 ?Propeamussium sp. Slab of clay with shell partly preserved, view. 29724, ex Length mm.

view. MGHU JTH. 4.7 18. IPropeamussium sp. Silicone latex cast, internal 29725, ex Length mm.

19. external view. MGUH OBK 1099. 7.9 Ostrea sp. Silicone latex cast, 29726, ex Length mm.

20. Lucinidae 1. internal sp. Pyritized mould. MGUH 29727, ex OBK 720a. Length 13.8 mm.

21. Lucinidae 2. OBK 16.1 sp. Pyritized internal mould. MGUH 29728, ex 720b. Length mm.

22. Thyasira (Thyasira) goodhalli(J.D.C. Sowerby, 1837). Silicone latex cast ofright valve, external view. MGUH 29729, exOBK 522.

Length 5.9 mm.

23. Chama cf. Solander in 1766. internal mould. MGUH OBK 1307. 25.0 squamosa Brander, Concretion, 29730, ex Length mm. -87-

Plate 1. -88-

Plate 2.

Silicone latex internal view. 1. Cyclocardia subelegans (Wood, 1871). cast, MGUH 29731, ex OBK 428. Length 9 mm.

2. Silicone latex internal view. MGUH Cyclocardia subelegans (Wood, 1871). cast, 29732, ex OBK 3. Length 9.2 mm.

3. Silicone latex external Astarte filigera treldensis n. subsp. cast, view. Paratype, MGUH 29733, ex OBK 415. Length 12.9 mm.

4. Astarte filigera treldensis n. subsp. Silicone latex cast, hinge area. Paratype. MGUH 29734, ex OBK 102. Length 13.8 mm.

5. Astarte filigera treldensis n. subsp. Silicone latex cast, internal view. Holotype, MGUH 29735, ex OBK 505. Length 15.0 mm.

6. Crassatella cf. sulcata (Solander in Brander, 1766). Concretion, internal mould. MGUH 29736, ex OBK 651. Length 42.0 mm.

7. Abra madseni Silicone latex internal view. n. sp. cast, Holotype, MGUH 29737, ex OBK 528. Length 13.9 mm.

8. Abra madseni latex external view. MGUH OBK 1062. 10.0 n. sp. Silicone cast, Paratype, 29738, ex Length mm.

latex external MGUH OBK 272. Estimated when 9a-b. Macrocallista sp. Silicone cast, a) hinge area, b) view. 29739, ex length com-

plete 13 mm.

MGUH OBK 281. 41 10. Pelecyora sp. Concretion, internal mould. 29740, ex Length mm.

1 la-b. Pholadomya (Pholadomya) virgulosa J.D.C. Sowerby, 1844. Concretion, a) external view of right valve, b) umbonal view.

MGUH 29741, ex OBK 201. Length 63.5 mm.

barsoei latex external 12a-c. Thracia (Thracia) n. sp. Silicone cast, a) view of left valve, b) external ofright valve, c) umbonalview.

Holotype MGUH 29742, ex OBK 458. Length 29 mm.

13a-c. Cardiomyatriradiata (Wrigley, 1940).Silicone latex cast, a) external view ofleft valve, b) umbonalview, c) external view of

right valve. MGUH 29743, ex OBK 384. Length 9.0 mm.

14a-b. Cuspidaria inflata (J.D.C. Sowerby, 1827). Silicone latex cast, a) external view ofleft valve,b) umbonal view. MGUH 29744, ex

OBK 248. Length 41 mm. - 89-

Plate2. -90-

Plate 3.

indet. latex of valve. MGUH 1. Teredinidae, gen. et sp. Silicone cast right 29745, ex MMF. Length 4.7 mm.

MGUH 1SL. 83 2. Teredinidae, gen. et sp. indet. Concretion. 29746, ex Length mm.

OBK 1540. Silicone latex 2.4 diameter 1.1 3. Dentaliidae indet. MGUH 29747, ex cast. Length mm, mm.

4. Periaulax spirata (Lamarck, 1804). Silicone latex cast, dorsal view. MGUH 29748, ex OBK 1134. Height 6.6 mm.

5. Periaulax spirata (Lamarck, 1804). Silicone latex cast, apical view. MGUH 29749, ex ISL. Diameter 6.5 mm.

6. Periaulax spirata (Lamarck, 1804). Silicone latex cast, umbilical view. MGUH 29748, ex OBK 1134. Diameter 5.4 mm.

7a-b. Potamides MGUH ISL. 12.3 esti- (Eotympanotonus) sp. Silicone latex cast,a) apertural, b) dorsalview. 29750, ex Height mm.,

mated height when complete 22 mm.

8. Orthochetus charlesworthi Wrigley, 1940. Silicone latex cast, lateral view. MGUH 29751, ex Coll. SPAF. Height 20.5 mm.

9. Cerithiopsis sp. MGUH 29753, ex OBK 576. Silicone latex cast, middle whorls. Height of fragment 3.5 mm.

OBK 11.7 10. ?Cerithiella sp. MGUH 29752, ex 1171. Silicone latex cast, middle whorls. Heightof fragment mm.

11. Foratiscala aff. newtoni whorls. MGUH 15 sp. de Boury, 1890. Silicone latex cast, middle 29754, ex OBK 237. Height mm.

12. middle whorls. 1001. 10 Scalidae gen. et sp. indet. Concretion, internal view of MGUH 29755, ex OBK Height mm.

13. Littoriniscalascalarioides (J.D.C. Sowerby in Dixon, 1850).Pyritized internalmould.MGUH 29756, ex CHC 102. Height 15.4 mm.

14. Tenuiscala Silicone latex dorsal view. MGUH OBK sp. cast, 29757, ex 1609. Height 16.3 mm.

15. Aporrhais sowerbii (Fleming, 1828). Silicone latex cast, dorsal view. MGUH 29758, ex MMF 21. Height 10.5 mm.

16. Tibia sublucida (Edwards in Lowry et al, 1866). Silicone latex cast, apertural view. MGUH 29759, ex GPF. Height 30 mm.

17. Tibia sp. 1. Silicone latex cast, apertural view. MGUH 29760, ex OBK 871. Height 22 mm.

18a-b. Tibia sp. 2. Silicone latex cast, a) dorsal, b) apertural view. MGUH 29761, ex OBK 1514. 4.0 mm.

19a-b. Tibia I. Silicone latex dorsal view. MGUH OBK 228. 27.0 sp. cast, a) apertural, b) 29762, ex Height mm. -91 -

Plate 3. -92 -

Plate 4.

1 a-c. Xenophoraschroeteri (Gmelin, 1791). a) apical, b) umbilical,c)apertural view. Pyritized internal mould. MGUH 29763,ex OBK

1275. Height 19 mm.

2a-b. Eocypraea cf. oviformis (J. Sowerby, 1812).a)apertural, b) dorsal view. Pyritized internalmould.MGUH 29764, ex CHC E 60.

Height 24 mm.

3a-d. Eocypraea cf. oviformis (J. Sowerby, 1812).a) apertural, b) dorsal, c) umbilical, d) apical view. Concretion. MGUH 29765, ex

CHC E 60. Height 46 mm.

4. Globularia cf.patuloides (Cossmann & Pissarro, 1902). Pyritized internal mould, apertural view. MGUH 29766, ex CHC E 104.

Height 26 mm.

5. Euspira cf. glaucinoides (J. Sowerby, 1812).Pyritized internalmould, apertural view. MGUH 29767, ex CHC E 112. Height 9.0 mm.

6. Naticidae indet. Pyritized internalmould with remnants ofthe shell, apertural view. MGUH 29768, ex SPAF. Height 28.7 mm.

7. Sinum clathratum (Gmelin, 1791).Silicone latex cast, dorsal view. MGUH 29769, ex OBK 1157. Height 6.7 mm.

8. Galeodea anderseni n. sp. Silicone latex cast, apertural view. Holotype, MGUH 29770, ex GPF. Height 44.0 mm.

9. Galeodea anderseni Silicone latex dorsal view. MGUH GPF. 41.7 n. sp. cast, Paratype, 29771, ex Height mm.

Galeodea anderseni Silicone latex lateral view. MGUH GPF. 36.7 mm. 10. n. sp. cast, Paratype, 29772, ex Height -93 -

Plate 4. -94-

Plate 5.

I. Priscoficus cf. eocenica (Wrigley, 1929).Concretion with internal mould, dorsal view. MGUH 29773, ex OBK 1571. Estimated

height when complete 63 mm.

2a-b. Priscoficus cf. eocenica (Wrigley, 1929). a) middle whorls, b) apical shell part. Silicone latex casts ofexternal mould. MGUH

29774, ex OBK 1571.

3. Priscoficus cf. eocenica (Wrigley, 1929). Silicone latex cast, apertural view. MGUH 29775, ex OBK 601. Height 63 mm.

4. Mambrinia cf. nodosa (Solander in Brander, 1766). Pyritized internal mould. MGUH 29776, ex OBK 734. Height 27 mm.

5. Fulgoroficus cf. multiformis (Wrigley, 1929). Silicone latex cast, lateral view. MGUH 29777, ex MMF 3. Height 6.3 mm.

6. Fulgoroficus cf. multiformis (Wrigley, 1929). Silicone latex cast, apertural view. MGUH 29778, ex MMF 4. Height 9.0 mm.

7. Priscoficus cf. eocenica (Wrigley, 1929). Silicone latex cast, dorsal view. MGUH 29779, ex OBK 71. Height 14.1 mm.

8. Eocantharus morrisii (Edwards in Lowry, 1866). Silicone latexcast oftwo specimens, lateraland apertural views. MGUH 29780, ex

OBK 1158. Height of largest specimen 10.8 mm.

9. Fusinus shell MGUH OBK 146. 20 estimated unicarinatus (Deshayes, 1835). Silicone latex cast, apical part. 29781, ex Height mm,

height when complete 30 mm.

10. Desorinassa 5.6 jutensis n. sp. Silicone latex cast, apertural view. Paratype, MGUH 29782, ex OBK 1276. Height mm.

II. Eocantharus morrisii (Edwards in Lowry, 1866). Silicone latex cast, dorsal view. MGUH 29783, ex OBK 462. Height 11.5 mm.

12. Desorinassa Silicone latex view. jutensis n. sp. cast, apertural Holotype, MGUH 29784, ex OBK 1521. Height 8.9 mm.

13. Clavilithes cf. Silicone intermedius Wrigley, 1927. latex cast, apertural view. MGUH 29785, ex CHC. Height 75 mm. -95 -

Plate 5. -96-

Plate 6.

1. Daphnobelajuncea (Solander in Brander, 1766). Silicone latex cast, oblique apertural view. MGUH 29786, ex OBK 391. Height

15.6 mm.

2. Daphnobelajuncea(Solander in Brander, 1766). Silicone latex cast, dorsal view. MGUH 29787, ex GPF. Height9.5 mm.

3. Volutocorbis cf. Silicone latex ambigua (Solander in Brander, 1766). cast, apertural view. MGUH 29788, ex GPF. Height 43 mm. 4. Volutocorbis cf. Brander, Silicone latex ambigua (Solander in 1766). cast, oblique apertural view. MGUH 29789, ex GPF. Height 25

mm.

5. Volutidae indet. Silicone latex cast, dorsal view. MGUH 29790, ex OBK 224. Height 10.4 mm.

Hemiconus 17.6 6. sp. Pyritized internal mould, apertural view. MGUH 29791, ex CHC. Height mm.

7a-b. Bathytoma turbida (Solander in Brander, 1766). Silicone latex cast, a) oblique apertural, b) lateralview. MGUH 29792, ex ISL.

Estimated height when complete 34 mm.

8. Orthosurcula Silicone latex view. crassa(Edwards, 1857). cast, apertural MGUH 29793, ex OBK 1287. Estimated height when com-

plete 65 mm.

9. Orthosurcula planetica (Edwards, 1857). Silicone latex cast, apertural view. MGUH 29794, ex OBK 482. Height offragment 12mm.

internal mould with ofthe shell dorsal view. MGUH MTF. 22.1 10. Orthosurcula sp. Pyritized parts preserved, 29795, ex Height mm.

11. Orthosurcula cf. teretrium crebrilinea(Edwards, 1857).Pyritized internalmould, apertural view. MGUH 29796, ex SPAF. Height

24.5 mm.

12. Orthosurcula cf. teretrium crebrilinea (Edwards, 1857). Silicone latex cast, dorsal view. MGUH 29797, exMMF. Height 16.6 mm.

13a-b. Cancellaria (Merica) evulsa (Solander in Brander, 1766). Silicone latex cast, a) apertural, b) lateral view. MGUH 29798, ex

GPF. Estimated height when complete 28 mm. -97-

Plate 6. -98 -

Plate 7.

1. 5.1 Mathilda sp. Silicone latex cast, apertural shell part, dorsal view. MGUH 29798, ex ISL. Height of fragment mm.

2. Turbonilla sp. Silicone latex cast, dorsal view. MGUH 29799, ex GPF. Height 2.7 mm.

3. Tornatellaea simulata (Solander in Brander, 1766).Silicone latex cast, dorsal view. MGUH 29800, ex OBK 293. Height 3.4 mm.

4. Tornatellaea simulata(Solander in Brander, 1766). Silicone latex cast, apertural view. MGUH 29801, ex GPF. Height 4.1 mm.

5a-b. Tornatellaea simulata(Solander in Brander, 1766). Pyritized internalmouldwith parts ofthe shell preserved, a) apertural, b)

dorsal view. MGUH 29802, ex SPAF. Height 18 mm.

6. Heliconoides lillebaeltensisA.W. Janssen in Janssen etal. 2007. Silicone latex cast. and 13 ofcast 10.5 , Holotype paratypes. Length

mm. MGUH 28735, ex OBK 229.

7. Heliconoides lillebaeltensisA.W. Janssen in Janssen et al., 2007. Silicone latex cast, apertural view. Holotype, MGUH 28735, ex

OBK 229. Height 2.1 mm.

8. Heliconoides mercinensis (Watelet & Lefevre. 1885). Silicone latex cast, apical view. MGUH 28738, ex OBK 868. Diameter 2.1

mm.

9. Limacina Silicone latex view. MGUH OBK 1072. 1.0 pygmaea (Lamarck, 1804). cast, apertural 28739, ex Height mm.

10. Creseis with shell MGUH of 4.9 sp. CHC. Slab ofclay, specimen partly preserved. 29803, ex CHC. Height specimen mm.

11. Creseis sp. MGUH 29804, ex CHC. Slab of clay with c. 15 specimens. Widthofslab 19 mm.

12. Creseis sp. Slab ofclay, specimen with shell partly preserved. MGUH 29805, ex CHC. Heightof specimen 4.9 mm.

13. Cimomia imperialis (J. Sowerby, 1812).Concretion. MGUH 29806, ex OBK 1581. Fragmentary specimen, length 77 mm.

14. Cimomia imperialis (J. Sowerby, 1812). Concretion, apertural view offragmentary specimen. MGUH 29807, ex OBK. Width 85

mm.

view. 15. Aturia ziczac (J. Sowerby, 1812). Pyritized internal mould,lateral GPF. Height 35 mm.

16a-c, Eocypraea cf. oviformis (J. Sowerby, 1812). a) apertural, b) dorsal, c) apical view. SSV. Height 39.7 mm.

17a-b. Xenophoraschroeteri (Gmelin, 1791).Concretion, a) apical view; b) attached tube ofserpulid. SSV. Diameter 37.3 mm., length

of serpulid 4.5 mm.

(Figures 6-9 after Janssen et al., 2007) -99-

Plate 7.