University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk

Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biological and Marine Sciences

2012-08 MOLECULAR DIVERSITY OF MAERL-FORMING CORALLINES (CORALLINALES, RHODOPHYTA)

Hernandez-Kantun, JJ http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1396

JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY

All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. J. Phycol. 48, S1–S53 (2012) Ó 2012 Phycological Society of America DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01206.x ABSTRACTS

SYMPOSIA TALKS Institute, and the National Science Foundation spon- sored Porphyra/Algal Genomics Research Collabora- tion Network, on a large expressed sequence tag (EST) data set from two closely related of Por- PROGRESS REPORT OF REDTOL: THE RED phyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). Approximately 4.7 ALGAL TREE OF LIFE million EST reads were assembled into 36,276 and Yoon, H. S. 68,506 contigs for Porphyra umbilicalis and P. purpurea, Sungkyunkwan University, Republic Of Korea, respectively. About 20% of these contigs are inferred [email protected] to encode proteins of known function, and these Bhattacharya, D. have been the subject of comprehensive investigations Rutgers University, USA, of various protein families and metabolic pathways. [email protected] Comparative bioinformatics indicate that 482 contigs Boo, S. M. encode membrane transporters, most of which Chungnam National University, Republic Of Korea, can be assigned to one of 57 distinct transporter fam- [email protected] ilies. These and other sequences suggest a complex Fredericq, S. history, including evidence for vertical descent, endo- University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA, symbiotic gene transfer and associations that are not [email protected] easily explained by current phylogenetic models. Hommersand, M. Paralogs of major developmental (MADS-box and University of North Carolina, USA, Homeodomain) gene families are present, and [email protected] several exhibit differential expression between the Vis, M. Porphyra blade (gametophyte) and conchocelis (spo- Ohio University, USA, [email protected] rophyte); however, there is no evidence that these or Lopez-Bautista, J. other key developmental families have expanded sub- University of Alabama, USA, [email protected] stantially in the transition from unicellular to multi- Saunders, G. cellular forms in . Most expected genes for University of New Brunswick, Canada, [email protected] histones and ribosomal proteins also were identified and, as with developmental regulators, some show evi- Red algae (Rhodophyta) are important aquatic pri- dence for differential regulation between the life his- mary producers that are one of the most anciently tory stages. These and other major findings will be diverged eukaryotic phyla. The red algal is wide- presented. Overall, the EST data provide novel spread in the Tree of Life (ToL) among photosynthetic insights into Porphyra and red algal , and point chromalveolates. In spite of its obvious importance, the to exciting new directions for further experimental Rhodophyta is under-studied. To fill this gap in eukary- research. ote phylogeny, we assembled a research team of eight red algal and genomics experts to address fundamental questions in red algal and their RECENT ADVANCES IN THE CALLIARTHRON place in the ToL. Since 2009, the RedToL team has GENOME: CLIMATE RESPONSES AND CELL made significant progress in: 1) generating a multi-gene WALL EVOLUTION phylogeny using eight gene markers from 500 red algal Chan, C. X. species, and 2) generating genome and transcriptome The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular data from 16 key taxa that represent the phylogenetic Bioscience, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, (e.g., class- and order-level) breadth of red algae. Here Brisbane, Australia we will introduce the aims and strategies of RedToL Martone, P. T. with highlights of recent research results. Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

Corallines are a distinct group of calcifying red GENOME-WIDE TRANSCRIPTOMICS algae that are important ecological components of OF PORPHYRA marine communities around the world, inducing Stiller, J. W. settlement and providing habitat for invertebrates East Carolina University, USA, [email protected] and other organisms. According to the record, corallines have been abundant on Earth and perhaps This presentation provides an overview of collabo- ecologically central for millions of years. The recent rative analyses carried out by researchers from the discovery of secondary cell walls enriched with Porphyra Genome Project through the Joint Genomics cellulose and lignin in Calliarthron has prompted a

S1 S16 ABSTRACTS

Pterocladiella capillacea, one of the sources for agar as Rhodymenia species from the west coast of North production in East Asia, is suitable for studying America, Japan and Russia. Among those species we phylogeography of marine organisms since it com- could not find a good match to our collections and monly occurs in temperate to tropical waters we thus propose R. bamfieldiensis sp. nov. for this around the planet. In order to understand its cur- group. In recognizing these four species we have dou- rent distribution pattern, more than 340 specimens bled the number of species for this genus in British from Korea, Japan, Brazil, France, Italy, Mexico, Columbia. New Zealand, Spain, and USA were analyzed using three molecular markers: plastid rbcL for identify- ing the species, and mitochondrial cox1 and cob for phylogeography. The rbcL analysis resolved all P. capillacea samples within a single monophyletic clade. Analyses of mitochondrial cox1 and cob MOLECULAR DIVERSITY sequence data revealed six subclades within P. capill- OF MAE¨ RL-FORMING CORALLINES acea: group I from Korea and Japan; II from USA (CORALLINALES, RHODOPHYTA) (California) and Mexico; III from New Zealand and Hernandez-Kantun, J. J. Korea; IV from France, Italy and Spain; V from National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland, Brazil, and VI from USA (Hawai’i). Forty seven [email protected] cox1 haplotypes were detected among the samples. Rindi, F. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities were compared Universita` Politecnica delle Marche, Italy, between clades. Despite geographical structure of [email protected] most populations, the finding of clade III suggests Riosmena-Rodriguez, R. a genetic connectivity P. capillacea between Korea Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, Mexico, and New Zealand. [email protected] Maggs, C. A. Queen’s University, United Kingdom, [email protected] Hall-Spencer, J. M. University of Plymouth, United Kingdom, [email protected] ASSESSMENT OF CRYPTIC RHODYMENIA SPP. Pen˜a, V. (RHODYMENIACEAE, RHODOPHYTA) Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, France, IN BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA: [email protected] AN INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMIC APPROACH Filloramo, G. V. Mae¨rl-forming corallines are calcareous red algae Centere for Envrionmental & Molecular Algal Research, with unattached thallus. Despite their ecological Dept. of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Canada, and economic importance, to date there are few gina.fi[email protected] molecular data concerning these algae, and the Saunders, G. W. present knowledge of their taxonomy and biogeog- Centere for Environmental & Molecular Algal Research, raphy is mostly based on morphological informa- Dept. of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Canada, tion. The molecular diversity of mae¨rl-forming [email protected] species was investigated using SSU, psbA, rbcL, cox1, cox2-3 and ITS sequences. The phylogenies recov- Combined with morphological assessments, DNA ered showed that these organisms belong to several barcoding has revolutionized our ability to delimit separate clades, in which they co-occur with crus- red algal species. A recent survey in British Columbia, tose corallines of the genera Lithophyllum, Hydroli- Canada used the DNA barcode to reveal new and thon, Phymatolithon, Lithothamnion and Mesophyllum; previously overlooked species within the genus four mae¨rl-forming species of Neogoniolithon form a Rhodymenia. Although two species of Rhodymenia monophyletic group. A large number of cryptic spe- were recognized in British Columbia (R. pacifica and cies was observed in Lithophyllum for Europe (in the R. californica), our molecular data resolved four dis- morphospecies Lithophyllum incrustans and L. denta- tinct species groups. Analysis of vegetative and repro- tum) and Gulf of California (L. margaritae). Some ductive features confirmed the presence of R. pacifica species that were previously believed to exist only as and R. californica. Some samples field identified as encrusting forms (Lithophyllum incrustans and Phyma- R. pacifica, resolved as a separate genetic species and tolithon purpureum) are shown to occur also as were determined to be R. rhizoides, which conse- mae¨rl. Our results suggest that the diversity of quently resurrected this species. Additionally, some maerl-forming species has been considerably under- samples field identified as R. californica were found to estimated and additional studies are required to be genetically distinct. To accommodate these sam- clarify the evolutionary history and phylogeography ples we investigated synonyms of R. californica as well of this group.