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Archaeological Assessment of Effects: Awanui Flood Scheme Project

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Archaeological Assessment of Effects: Awanui Flood Scheme Project Archaeological Assessment of Effects: Awanui Flood Scheme Project 19 September 2019 Commissioned by: Northland Regional Council Private Bag 9021 Whangarei Mail Centre Whangarei 0148 Prepared By: Geometria Ltd. PO Box 68-653 Newton Auckland 1145 AAE: Awanui Flood Scheme Geometria 2019 ii AAE: Awanui Flood Scheme Executive Summary Cover image:. Geometria 2019 iii AAE: Awanui Flood Scheme Geometria 2019 iv AAE: Awanui Flood Scheme Quality Information Document: Archaeological Assessment of Effects: Awanui Flood Scheme Upgrade Ref: 2019-123 Date: 20 September 2019 Prepared by: Russell Gibb Revision History Revision Revision Date Details Authorized Name Draft 19 September 2019 Draft Gibb Revisions Minor edits Issued Client Issue © GEOMETRIA Limited 2019 The information contained in this document produced by GEOMETRIA Limited is solely for the use of the Client identified on the cover sheet for the purpose for which it has been prepared and GEOMETRIA Limited undertakes no duty to nor accepts any responsibility to any third party who may rely upon this document. All rights reserved. No section or element of this document may be removed from this document, reproduced, electronically stored or transmitted in any from without the written permission of GEOMETRIA Limited. File ref.: 2019_122/NRC/Awanui Flood Scheme Upgrade Geometria 2019 v AAE: Awanui Flood Scheme Geometria 2019 vi AAE: Awanui Flood Scheme Contents 1.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Location ......................................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Statutory Requirements ..................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 The Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014 ................................................................... 2 2.2 The Resource Management Act 1991 ............................................................................................ 2 3.0 Proposed Development ..................................................................................................................... 3 4.0 Methodology ..................................................................................................................................... 5 5.0 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 5 5.1 Environment ................................................................................................................................... 5 5.2 Traditional History .......................................................................................................................... 6 5.3 Kaitaia Mission Station ................................................................................................................. 10 5.4 European Settelement ................................................................................................................. 16 5.5 History of Awanui Drainage .......................................................................................................... 21 5.6 Historic maps and plans .............................................................................................................. 37 5.7 Archaeological Context ................................................................................................................ 40 5.8 Previous Archaeological Work ...................................................................................................... 46 5.9 Unrecorded Archaeological Sites ................................................................................................. 48 5.10 Wet Wood Artefacts ................................................................................................................... 50 5.11 Other Heritage Sites and Features ............................................................................................. 50 6.0 Results ............................................................................................................................................ 51 6.1 Constraints and Limitations .......................................................................................................... 72 7.0 Archaeological Values ...................................................................................................................... 73 8.0 Assessment of Effects ..................................................................................................................... 74 9.0 Conclusion and Recommendations ................................................................................................. 75 10.0 References .................................................................................................................................... 76 11.0 Appendices ................................................................................................................................... 77 Tables Table 1: Index to plans of the Kaitaia Mission Station ............................................................................. 15 Table 2: Relevant Historic Plans for the Awanui River Area .................................................................... 38 Table 3: NZAA sites proximate to the subject property. ......................................................................... 40 Table 4: Significance assessment table for 004/1071. ........................................................................... 73 Table 5: Significance assessment table for O04/xx. ............................................................................... 73 Geometria 2019 vii AAE: Awanui Flood Scheme Figures Figure 1: Location of the project area (dashed line). Source: Google Earth 2019. ..................................... 1 Figure 2: The extent of the Awanui Flood Scheme Project. Source: Google Earth 2019. .................... 3 Figure 3: Te Hiku Sports Hub Spillway. Source: NRC 2019. .................................................................... 4 Figure 4: Allen Bell Park Channel Improvements. Source: NRC 2019. ...................................................... 4 Figure 5: Juken Spillway. Source: NRC 2019. .......................................................................................... 5 Figure 6: Inset from admiralty chart "Rangaounou or Awanui River’ showing the NgaiTakoto settlement of Tiki-kaie-raro. ................................................................................................................................... 8 Figure 7: Section from admiralty chart "Rangaounou or Awanui River’ showing the lower Awanui River overlaid on a 2019 aerial. There is some ........................................................................................... 9 Figure 8: Plan of boundary markers of the C.M.S. mission station at Kaitiaia, drawn by R. Foster, 2000. Source: Te Ahu Heritage Museum & Archives. ............................................................................... 11 Figure 9: OLC 242 (1856) showing the C.M.S. purchase ‘Church Missionary Station at Kaitaia – Claim No. 2992.’ Source: Quickmap 2019. .................................................................................................... 12 Figure 11: Shows Veili, a white-haired Maori chief, placing a coin in a collection basket on a table, while Rev William Puckey and Rev Joseph Matthews look on. Veili holds a small child by the hand, and chief Pana-kareao and his wife stand in the right foreground, while a large group of Maori talk together in the background. The mission station at Kaitaia is on a slope in the background. Source: Artist unknown: Missionary meeting. [1856]. Ref: PUBL-0151-2-014. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/23010860 .................................................................................................. 13 Figure 12: Cochrane and Sons 1885 auction for section on the Church Missionary Society property. .... 13 Figure 14: Mission Station site map and legend. Source: Te Ahu Heritage Museum & Archives. ............ 14 Figure 15: Steam ship Apanui on Awanui River, 1913. Source: Northwood brothers: Photographs of Northland. Ref: 1/1-004931-G. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/22329177 .......................................................................................................... 17 Figure 16: View looking south down Commerce Street, Kaitaia ca 1910. Source: Ref: 1/1-010630-G. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/22715001 ..................................... 18 Figure 17: View looking northeast to Commerce Street, Kaitaia. Photograph taken 1910s by Northwood brothers. Looks over paddocks, towards buildings. Source: Ref: 1/1-010625-G. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/23067362. .................................................................. 18 Figure 18: Iron spike from the original Kaitaia bridge ca. 1834. Source: Te Ahu Museum and Archives. 19 Figure 19: Artist rendition titled ‘First bridge over the Kaitaia River, 1835.’ Artist unknown. Source: Mathews and Mathews 2007. ....................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 20: Flax shed on Awanui River near Lake Ohia with flax in various stages of
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