THE S.A. ORNITHOLOGIST 77

BIRDS OF THE GOOSE ISLAND GROUP, by D. C. PATON HABITAT AND OTHER FAUNA coarse sand, as do the beaches along Goose and Wardang Islands lie in Spencer . The vegetation of both Gulf, close to the west coast of Yorke Goose and Little Goose Islands is pre- Peninsula, and about seven miles west of dominantly African boxthorn (Lycium [ero- Pt. Victoria. The northem part of Wardang cissimum). Many of the bushes are ten feet Island is now grassland, heavily infested with in diameter and eight feet high. It is rabbits. A permanent water hole has been believed 'that goats were kept on the island provided for the fauna on the island. Goose at least fifty years ago. The goats ate the Island lies about three quarters of a mile to native flora, leaving the occasional boxthom the north of Wardang, and at low it is bush till last. This gave the boxthorn bushes possible to wade across the which the run of the island. Except for the Nitre separates the two islands, and Little Goose bushes (Nitraria schoberi}, the rest of these Island is a further fifty yards north-east from two islands is covered with various species of Goose. The name "Goose" was presumably native grasses and succulents. The size of given because Cape Barren Geese once Little Goose Island is about two acres. occupied the islands. Goose Island, Little Goose Island, White Goose Island is a plateau which Rocks and the surrounding reefs are now all attains a height of about fifty feet, and has flora and fauna sanctuaries and are leased an estimated area of eight acres. Twenty- by Scotch College as a means of stimulating foot cliffs face to the south and to the east, an interest in biology and conservation. while semi-submerged granite boulders act At present, as required by the terms of as barriers between the sea and 'limestone on the lease, members of the school are slowly the north and west sides. There are two clearing the boxthom and replanting with small beaches, one facing north and the other coastal saltbushes (Atriplex sp.) and other to the southeast, and these consist of white natives. From the observations made so far, 78 THE SA ORNITHOLOGIST

the apparently harsh boxthorn habitat is still jumping mouse when banding cormorants preferred by birds such as honeyeaters and on Little Goose Island. Of the reptiles, a silvereyes, offering not only protection but small dark brown snake, about one metre also a supply of food-nectar and pollen in in length, was seen on Goose Island and the spring, with berries in summer and another on Wardang Island in January 1970, autumn. and a four foot skin was found on Goose The purpose of this paper is to give a list Island in December 1971. On Mungary, of the terrestrial flora and fauna now present many shedded skins, apparently from Brown on the island and to provide a basis for Snakes (Demansia textilis) were seen. Three comparison with any subsequent changes species of butterflies have been identified­ that may occur. the Wood White (Delias aganippe), the Goose, Little Goose and Wardang Islands Cabbage White (Pieris rapae), and the Aus­ have all had the natural vegetation destroyed, tralian Admiral (Pyrameis itea), but no but Mungary Island, to the north-east of the serious work has been carried out on the group and close to the shore still has what is insects of the islands yet. believed to be the original vegetation (i.e. One of the main attractions of the islands that existing before the arrival of white are the vast numbers of sea creatures, man) of these islands. Mungary has a thick particularly the reef- and deep-sea fish in covering of small native bushes, the majority close proximity to the island. Amongst the of which are less than one metre high. In rocks of the reefs are many species of April 1970, Dr. Hj. Eichler of the State shell-fish and other marine invertebrates. Herbarium spent two days collecting With so much to offer, and by the same specimens of plants from all these islands token, so much to lose as well, it is pleasing 'and has compiled a list of the flora (see to see that these waters are now protected, Table). having recently, at the request of Scotch College, been proclaimed an Underwater I have been visiting the islands as a Reserve to a distance of 200m. from the member of Scotch College for the last five shore line. years and, with the help of other interested boys and staff, have compiled the bird list BIRDS: COMPARISON WITH OTHER for the area given in the annotated list. ISLAND GROUPS Three distinct habitats are offered to the The bird population of these islands can passerine population of the area. The most be compared with those of three other productive of them is theboxthorn scrub of South Australian off-shore.island groups: the Goose and Little Goose Islands where some (Eckert 1970), South protection is offered to the birds. Wardang Neptune Island (Stirling et al 1970), and Island with its grasslands is ideal for pipits, Franklin and Eyre Islands (Eckert 1971). quail and plover. No birds were seen on The Goose Island Group is much closer to Mungary Island where the native flora is shore and in the more protected waters of dominant. This island is connected to the Spencer Gulf; hence land birds presumably mainland at low water. The sandy shoals occupy the islands by choice rather than by and reefs between the islands are uncovered chance. The other groups are all some at low tide and are frequented by waders in distance from the mainland, and so one the summer months. might expect a difference in their bird In addition to the birds of the Goose populations. Island group other fauna have been seen. The sea bird populations are much the Bull Hair Seals and a few cows (Arctoce­ same for all the islands. Species of herons, phalus cinereus}, sometimes up to seventeen oystercatchers, plovers, tern'S, gulls, alba­ though usually about ten, occupy White trosses, petrels and shearwaters have been Rocks for most of the year. About 1966-67 reported at all groups. On the other hand, there was also a small white 'Seal which the Little Pied Cormorant, (Phalacrocorax could often be seen on the rocks on the south melanoleucos), has not been sighted at the side of Goose Island. Wardang Island is three isolated groups but has been recorded infested with rabbits; and all the islands have occasionally at Goose Island. Cape Barren occasional infestations of House or Field Geese (Cereopsis nouaehollandiae) have Mice. Mr. M. Waterman reported seeing a been recorded at the other three groups but THE S.A. ORNITHOLOGIST 79 not at Goose Island, although it is said that expect to find the majority of these birds on it used to be found there. the Goose Island Group, even though it is Since the waders are known to be close to the shore. migratory,they have not been included in this discussion. ANNOTATED LIST OF THE BIRDS OF White-breasted Sea Eagles (Haliaetus THE GOOSE ISLAND GROUP leucogaster), are present at the comparison Eudyptula minor. Common, groups but not at Goose Island. Swamp breeds on Goose Island and Little Goose Harriers (Circus approximans), have been Island. About eighty burrows in sand on reported at all groups except the Investigator top of Goose Island, and more than 180 group. Nankeen Kestrels (Falco cen­ burrows in calcinate cliff-face, were counted chroides), occupy all the groups, and Galahs by members of the Scotch College Expedition (Cacatua roseicapilla), and Parrots in December 1971. In January 1970 and (Neophema petrophila), are at all groups 1971, juvenile birds were found under the except the South . Species door-step of the house, using the wooden of owls have been noted at "the Investigator door-step for protection. At night, many Group, Franklin Island (Boobook), and birds were seen moving about along the Goose Island (both Boobook and Bam well-used tracks through the ground cover. Owls). Black-browed Albatross Diomedea mela­ Of the passerine birds the following are nophrys. Seen in about 1968, off Wardang present on all groups: Pacific Swallow Island, by C. E. Rix. (Hirundo tahitica), Pipit (Anthus novae­ Yellow-nosed Albatross Diomedea chloro­ seelandiae), White-fronted Chat (Ephthia­ rhynchos. Recorded as the previous species. nura albifrons), and the Singing Honeyeater Sooty Albatross Phoebetria fusca. Recorded (Meliphaga virescens). as the two previous species. Two species of particular interest are the Short-tailed Shearwater Puffin us tenui­ Red-capped Robin (Petroica goodenovii), rostris. One dead bird found on White and Golden Whistler (Pachycephala pecto­ Rocks in May '68. One bird seen flying ralis). Both these species are reported on low over water in August '71. Flinders and Pearson Islands (members of Australian Pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus. the Investigator Group) and on Goose An occasional bird seen on the shallow water Island. As Goose Island is only a moderate between Wardang and Goose Islands. distance from the mainland, they must be Recorded October '66, January '67, August occupants here by choice, while their '70, January '71, and May '71. presence on the other two islands is more Australian Gannet Sula bassana. One bird likely to be by chance, since these are forty was seen about 2i miles east of Goose Island miles out to sea. Their presence also in August '71. indicates that an island habitat suits them. Black Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, Masked Woodswallows (Artamus petso­ Birds seen flying low across the water on natus), have been recorded at Goose and several occasions. Not very common. Pearson Islands, and they are known to be Recorded January '68, May '68, January '69, migratory. The White-fronted Honeyeater and January '70. (Philodonyris albifrons) has 'been reported Little Black Cormorant Phalacrocorax at both Flinders Island and Goose Island sulcirostris. Uncommon. Several birds seen and this bird is believed to be nomadic. in May '68 sitting on a channel buoy (about Birds such as robins, whistlers, White­ one mile east of Goose Island). Only other fronted Honeyeaters, and Masked Wood­ record was in August 1971. Swallows, which I would not expect to find Black-faced Cormorant Phalacrocorax amongst boxthom bushes on a small eight­ fuscestens. Very common. Breeds usually acre island such as Goose, and which have in winter and early spring. On White Rocks only occasionally been recorded in such a 500 young birds were banded in 1970, and habitat, have also been recorded on other, on Rocky Island 700 young birds have been more isolated islands. The bird list for the banded in each of the four years from 1968­ Goose Island Group, therefore, has no real 1971 (M. Waterman, pers. comm.). Juvenile surprises. On studying the lists of the birds have been banded on :Rocky Island as avifauna of other off-shore islands, one could early as May. The nests are of seaweed on 80 THE S.A. ORNITH0LOGIST

~OOSf ISL.AND 4ROUP, SPENc.ep- GULF. N

POINT PEAAC.r: MISSION

O'R,E(.T\ON OF WAROANC4 ISL.AND ~

BIRD PO~'"

, (I

SPENCER· GVL.F'

SCAl.f r'= I mIle THE SA ORNITHOLOGIST 81 granite rocks just above high-tide level. Black Swan Cygnus atratus. Vagrant, Exceptionally high and bad weather occasionally small flocks found sheltering in have occasionally caused damage to the nests the shallow water over the reef between closest to the water's edge. Large numbers Goose Island and Wardang Island. of dead birds were picked up along the Swamp Harrier Circus approximans. north-eastern coast of Wardang Island in Occasionally seen flying over Goose Island. May '71, all birds picked up having broken Two birds were seen harrying over heavily necks. grassed fields on Wardang Island, in May Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax varius. '71. (Both birds had white rumps.) The Common. Breeds on Little Goose Island. habitat of Wardang Island seems' very Scotch Colloge groups estimate 50-100 pairs suitable for this species. nest on the island each year. There appear Nankeen Kestrel Falco cenchroides. Often to be two distinct nesting sites on Little Goose seen on top of boxthorn bushes on the island. Island; on the south end (colony A) the Suitable nesting sites are available for the nests are on Nitraria (spp.) bushes. The bird along the cliffs on the western side of height of nests off the ground range from a Wardang Island. Several birds have been few inches to about four feet. In April 1970 seen on ledges along these limestone cliffs. thirty-six nests with eggs were counted at In August '70, a female Kestrel was seen on this site. The other site (colony B) is on two separate occasions attacking birds caught the north-east comer of Little Goose Island, in a mistnet, and about fifty yards from colony A. These Stubble Quail Coturnix pectoralis. One nests were on top of boxthorn bushes. This seen in 16" dry grass on Goose Island in colony had more nests and generally the nests May '68. Goose Island is unsuitable for were higher above the ground than in the quail (with only small patches of grass), other colony. Height above ground ranged but Wardang Island is ideal, most of the from 2-8 feet. In April 1970, forty-one nests island being grassland. were recorded. The majority of these con­ Australian Bustard Ardeotis australis. T. G. tained young birds, most of them fully Souter reported 20-30 as "nesting in a fledged. swampy flat" on Wardang Island on 19 Of the fish taken by this species of cor­ August 1926. See S. Aust. Orn., 1926, 8, morant and found at the nest site the 345. majority were non-commercial, Trumpeter Pied Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus. (Helotes sexlineatus), Weedy Whiting Seen quite frequently, usually in small groups (Haletta semifasciatus), Catfish (Cnidoglanis of five or six birds. More common during macrocephalus), though one 14" flathead summer, when it is usually seen working (Platycephalus sp.) was recorded. the sandy pools of the reef between Goose Little Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax mela­ and Wardang Islands. noleucos. Not very common; only an Sooty Oystercatcher Haematopus fuligi­ occasional bird is seen (recorded: October nasus. At least one pair has been seen on '66, January '67, January '68, January '70, Goose Island on every trip. Occasionally April '70, May '71, August '71). three or four birds were seen together on White-faced Heron Ardea nooaehollandiae. the reef between Wardang and Goose; but Occasional bird seen working in the shallows usually only two birds seen at a time. between Goose Island and Little Goose Spur-winged Plover Vanellus miles novae­ Island, and on the reef between Wardang hollandiae. Only occasionally heard flying Island and Goose Island. over Goose Island at night. However the Reef Heron Egretta sacra. Seen mainly species has been sighted on Wardang Island during the summer months on the semi­ in October '66 and May '71 ~(2 birds). submerged granite rocks around the island. Grey Plover Pluvialis squaiarola. A couple Very lively, running from rock to rock, unlike seen on sand shoal between Wardang and A. novaehollandiae which preferred wading Goose Islands on 19 January '70 (J. Eckert). in the shallow sand flats. Reef herons have Hooded Dotterel Charadrius rubricollis. been recorded at Goose Island in January Common. Small flocks (4-5) seen during '67, '68, '70, May '71, August'71 (one bird winter months, usually on granite 'rocks near was seen on the beach at Pt. Victoria in water's edge. In summer months, flocks of August '70). thirty, including both adults and juveniles, 82 THE S.A. ORNITHOLOGIST were seen on the rocks on Goose Island, or two birds at a time. A colony was and in the sandy shallows of the reef between reported to have nested on Rocky Island in Goose and Wardang at low tide. In January early December '70. '68 a nest was discovered on one of the Crested Tern Sterna bergii. Very common beaches along the west side of Wardang. on ·this group of islands, nesting each Two eggs were present, and the nest was two summer. About 500 young birds have been yards above the high water mark. banded in each of the five recent summers Red-capped Dotterel Charadrius alexan­ (M. Waterman, pers, comm.). In January drinus. Occasionally seen along the 'beaches '67, the terns nested on the northern end of of Wardang Island. Recorded October '66, Little Goose Island. In the following three January '67. years, January '68, '69, '70, the terms nested Turnstone Arenaria interpres. Several on on the north beach of Goose Island. In sand shoals between Wardang- and Goose January '71, the terns returned to ·the Islands on 19 January '70 (J. Eckert). northern end of Little Goose Island, but in Eastern Curlew Numenius madagasca­ December '71 were nesting on Goose Island riensis. Two birds seen together in April again. Various reasons for this movement '70, flying low over water, to the east have been suggested, and perhaps the most of Goose Island, heading in a northerly likely is to prevent disease. These colonies direction. No other records. were unlike those of other terns, in that very Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis. A few fish were present in them. Of the few fish small flock (thirty) was seen in January '67 remains found, all were Mackerel (Scomber on the reef between Wardang and Goose australasicus) about 6" in Iength, On Islands. This is the only time the species windy days the majority of terns leaving the has been in the vicinity of the island. colony would fly out to sea into the wind, However, another flock (about twenty) was returning with a tail wind. Though Crested seen on the Pt. Victoria beach (7 miles east Terns were often seen washing themselves in of Goose) in August '70. the sea near the colony, no birds were seen Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata. actually fishing in the water (unlike the Few seen in Oct. '66 and Jan. '67 on sand Fairy and Caspian Terns) -, shoals. Fairy Tern Sterna nereis. Seen on all trips, Great Knot Calidris tenuirost'ris. Flock of but usually only one or two birds. Often 22 on sand shoals between Wardang and seen diving in the shallow water between Goose Islands on 19 January '70 (J. Eckert). the various islands. No known record of Silver Gull Larus novaehollandiae. nesting in the area. Resident. Very common on the island. Colonies of up to 100 pairs nest each year Rock Dove Columba livia. Very common. on Goose Island in spring. In August '70, Nests found amongst granite rocks on most occasions. Several hundred birds usually about 150 nests were recorded by Scotch inhabit Goose Island (about 1,200 pigeons College of which at least 100 had eggs were counted by Scotch College December and/or young. In August '71, approximately '71 expedition). Though Goose Island offers 500 nests were counted, of which about 350 very little food for them, they are within were occupied. Several nests were found easy access of the croplands of Yorke Penin­ during the summer months (nests with eggs and/or chicks), on the outskirts of the sula. Crested Tern colony. Presumably the gulls Galah Cacatua roseicapilla. Occasionally feed on the remains of the fish spilt by the heard flying over the island at night. Trips terns. (Ref. See under Barn Owl.) to Wardang Island have sometimes yielded Pacific Gull Larus pacificus. Both adult a pair of birds. In August 1971, a flock of and immature birds have been seen fairly about ·twenty galahs was seen flying over the regularly about Goose Island. Several birds island: also recorded in January '67, April were seen disturbing the Pied Cormorant '70, May '71. . colony on Little Goose Island in May '68, Rock-parrot Neophema petrophila. Mr. but on this occasion there was no apparent F. Hilton recorded one bird on the island damage to eggs or fledglings. in May '71. This is the only record of the Caspian Tern Hydroprogne tschegrava. species, which seems surprising since the Seen on most trips to the island, but only one habitat is very suitable for it. THE S.A. ORNITHOLOGIST 83

Bam Owl Tyto alba. One seen in August Red-capped Robin Petroica goodenooii. '70, roosting on the sheltered ledges of the In May '68, a male and a female, were seen limestone cliffs on the eastern side of Goose on the island. In January '68 one female Island. It was seen for several days, until it bird was seen. On both occasions the birds flew over the Silver Gulls' rookery on the were seen taking insects off ·the ground south-east comer of the island. About ten between clumps of boxthorn. Silver Gulls immediately attacked the bird, Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis. while the rest, alarmed, flew 20-30 feet above One male bird was seen in May '68 and the rookery. The Silver Gulls seemed to hit one uncoloured bird in April '70. Though the Owl's wings, and as they drove ,the bird this is not enough evidence, the appearance across the !-mile strip .of water, it touched of these two species of flycatcher at the the surface of the water about five times. beginning'of winter indicates that there The ten or so gulls continued 'their attack might be a similarity between this movement until 'the owl reached the safety of Wardang and that occuring on the Mt. Lofty Ranges Island. in the winter, when birds move 'from the Two birds were also seen inside the house Mt. Lofty Ranges into the eastern suburbs -in May '71. Examination of the owl pellets of the Adelaide Plains. on the floor of the house showed remains of Eastern Silvereye Zostetops lateralis halma­ House Sparrows. turina. Usually small flocks (5-10) seen Boobook Owl Ninox nouaeseelandiae. One flying over the islands. The birds are was seen in May '68. This was shortly after apparently attracted to the pollen and nectar a heavy mouse (domestic) plague on the of the boxthorn flowers, and to the insects islands and the surrounding area. The bird which are also attracted. Fifty Silvereyes was disturbed on several days, usually from were caught with mistnets and banded in a boxthorn. The owl had no trouble in August '70. In August '71 the boxthorns passing through the thorns to settle inside were not flowering and no Silvereyes were the protection of the hush. (This perhaps seen. is because owls are mostly feathers, with an Singing Honeyeater Meliphaga oirescens. actual body size slightly larger than a Resident on Goose Island, (about 10-20 Starling.) Single birds were also recorded in birds), although there is no record of the May '71 and August '71. species breeding. Three adult Singing Horsefield Bushlark Mirafra javanica. Honeyeaters were caught and banded in Two flushed by tractor from grassland in the August '70 and a further ten adults were centre of Wardang Island on 19 January '70 banded in May '71. (J. Eckert). White-fronted Honeyeater Phylidonyris Pacific Swallow Hirundo tahitica. Resident albifrons. One bird was seen in August '70 on the islands. The remains of nests were on Goose Island. The bird had a set territory found under the verandah of the shack on of about an acre (40+ boxthorns) which it Goose Island in January '71. Further was reluctant to leave, only doing so when suitable nesting sites are available amongst driven. Condon refers to the bird as the houses on Wardang Island. The source 'nomadic,' and this occurrence appears to be of mud for the nests is probably on Wardang a good example. The bird was only seen Island. catching insects about the boxthorn. bushes, Pipit Anthus novaeseelandiae. Occasionally and never at the flowers of the boxthorn. seen sitting on top of the boxthorn bushes on Zel:ira Finch Poephila guttata. A small Goose Island. The species is very plentiful flock (about six) was recorded in October on the grasslands of Wardang Island. '66, occupying boxjhorn bushes on the south­ Blacked-faced Cuckoo-Shrike Coracina east corner of Goose Island. nouaehollandiae. Recorded on Goose Island House Sparrow Passer domesticus. in January '67, May '68 and January '70. Common on Goose Island, a resident. In White-fronted Chat Ephthianura albifrons. January '71, old nests were noted in Recorded once for Goose Island, and only -boxthorn bushes and amongst the rafters of as a vagrant. Two birds were seen flying the roof (see under Bam Owl). south-west, high up over the island, in May European Starling Sturnus vulgaris. '68. Though very few birds seen during the day, 84 THE S.A. ORNITHOLOGIST

large flocks circle 'the island at dusk, and REFERENCES roost in the boxthorns at night. Similar Eckert, J. (1970), Birds of the Investigator Group, S. Aust. Orn., 25, 201-5. activities have been noted at Wright's Island, Eckert, J. (1971), Birds of the Franklin Islands . and Eyre Island, South , Emu, 71(2), Masked Woodswallow Artamus personaius. 61-64. Stirling, 1. et al (1970), Birds of the South A pair seen on Goose Island in October '66. Neptune Islands, Emu, 70 (4), 189-92. The birds sitting on top of the boxthorns would fly from boxthorn to boxthorn bush, TABLE DETERMINATIONS OF COLLECTIONS BY rarely flying above the height of these bushes DR. Hj. EICHLER FROM ISLANDS OFF (8-10 feet). PORT VICTORIA ()' IN Australian (White-backed) Magpie Gym­ APRIL 1970. The following species were collected from Little norhina tibicen. Occasionally seen on Goose Goose Island on 11-4-70:- Zostera muelleri Island. Owing to the shortage of trees on Irmisch ex Aschers; Posidonia australis Hook.f.; all islands, the only possible nesting sites are Lepldium foliosum Desv ; Polygonum aulculare L. the telegraph poles on Wardang Island. (s.lat.j ; Nitraria schoberi L.; Suaeda australis (R.Br.)Moq.; Atriplex cinerea Poid. F; Atriplex Magpies were seen on most trips to Wardang suberecta Verdoorn. Island. In April '70, six magpies were seen The following species were collected from amongst the Pied Cormorant colony, their Mungary Island on 11-4-70:- Calocephalus presence disturbing the adult cormorants but brownii (Cass.) FvM. ; Euphorbia paralias L.; apparently doing no harm to the colony. Cakile maritima Scop.; Tetragonia amplexicoma (Miq.)Hook.f. ; Ench.ylaena. tomentosa R.Br.; The magpies stayed amongst 'the colony for Inula graueolens (L.) Desf. ; Bassia bijlora. (R.Br.) about ten minutes and then flew back to FvM.; Atriple« paludosa R.Br.; Myoporum insu­ Wardang Island. late R.Br. (sterile, determination uncertain); Spergularia media (L.)Presl.; Arthrocnemum Little Raven Corvus mellori. Seen on all arbuscula (R.Br.)Moq, ; Frankenia pauciflora trips to the islands. The remains of old DC.; Solanum nigrum L.; Chenopodium murale nests, (probably Raven nests), were found L.; Lotus australis Andr.; Rhagodia baccata about fifty feet up (five feet from the top) (Labill.)Moq, ; Apium cr. prostratum Labill. ex Vent.; Salicornia blackiana Ulbrich; Atriplex of the limestone cliffs along the western side cinerea Poir. F; Acacia oswaldii FvM.; K ochla of Wardang Island. Ravens were often seen oppositifolia FvM; Orobanche australiana FvM disturbing the Pied Cormorant colonies and ex Tate; Pimelea serpyllijolia R.Br.; Samolus on many occasions were seen eating eggs out repens (Forst.f.j'Pers.j Senecio lautus Forst.f, ex of the nests. Though both Black-faced Willd. The following species were collected from Goose Cormorants and Crested Terns nest on Island on 12-4-70:- Lycium [erocissimum Miers; islands in the group, Ravens were never seen Chenopodium murale L. ; Lepidium foliosum either disturbing the adults or amongst the Desv.j Atriplex suberecta Verdoorn; Atriplex rookeries of these 'two species. paludosa R.Br. M. The following plants were noted but not ACKNOWLEDGMENTS collected (determination therefore unreliable) from Goose Jsland:- Atriplex cinerea; Cakile I am grateful 'to Dr. Hj. Eichler of the edentula; Carpobrotus rossii; Chenopodium sp.; State Herbarium of South Austra:Iia for Ench ylaena tomentosa; Gasoul crystallinum ; allowing me to use his notes on ·the flora of Lavatera plebeia (and/or other Malvacea); these islands. I would also like to thank Mr. Lepidium foliosum; M uehlenbeckia gunnii; Nitraria schoberi; Rhagodia sp.; Senecio lautus; C. C. Butler of Scotch College for his Sisymbrium sp. ; Suaeda australis; Tetragonia assistance with this paper. amplesicoma.