Analysis Model to Optimize Ground Stations in Built-Up Areas

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Analysis Model to Optimize Ground Stations in Built-Up Areas UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros en Topografía, Geodesia y Cartografía Departamento de Ingeniería Topográfica y Cartográfica Analysis Model to Optimize Ground Stations in Built-up Areas Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor in Geographic Engineering by Jesús Nieves Chinchilla Supervisors Dr. Mercedes Farjas Abadía ETSI en Topografía, Geodesia y Cartografía Dr. Ramón Martínez Rodríguez-Osorio ETSI de Telecomunicación 2017 Tribunal nombrado por el Sr. Rector Magnífico de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día … de …… de 2017. Presidente ………………………………………………………...………… Secretario ………………………………………………………...………… Vocales ………………………………………………………...………… ………………………………………………………...………… ………………………………………………………...………… Suplentes ………………………………………………………...………… ………………………………………………………...………… Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día ... de …… de 2017 en la E.T.S.I. en Topografía, Geodesia y Cartografía de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Analysis model to optimize ground stations in built-up areas A Charo Jesus Nieves V Analysis model to optimize ground stations in built-up areas Jesus Nieves VI Analysis model to optimize ground stations in built-up areas “Cuando a Natura place sublimar a un mortal, no es maravilla que muchas cosas logre; debemos alabar en él el poder del Creador, que a tales hombres levanta al frágil barro; más cuando un hombre resiste a la más dura de todas las pruebas de esta vida, y a si mismo se vence, entonces bien podemos mostrárselo con alboroto a los demás y decirles; Ahí lo tenéis; es él, es el de veras.” Cuando un hombre a si mismo se vence, Goethe (1749-1832). Fragmento de los Misterios, 1785. Jesus Nieves VII Analysis model to optimize ground stations in built-up areas Jesus Nieves VIII Analysis model to optimize ground stations in built-up areas ABSTRACT Geomatics has been revolutionary in research and development in a large variety of domains. This discipline, based on spatial data information involves every method and tool, from geographic data acquisition to distribution. One of its main characteristics is adaptability to a problem which needs to be solved or analyzed through integration of different technologies, taking into consideration the work scale and the required resolution. Another is the visualization of data and deliverables obtained by applying different software tools considering the required digital formats and the most adequate representation for a better understanding of the results. This research is based on the exploration of geomatics tools and techniques to provide a best solution in the site selection of satellite ground stations in built-up areas. In this sense, the research started with the analysis of the most relevant critical points during site selection to introduce the research problem of the satellite ground station scenario in built-up areas. Whereas the critical points from the analysis of the ground station mission were the limited transmission power on board and the few minutes per satellite pass, as regards the point of view of the ground station location, the critical points were the data set required for the satellite tracking software and the spatial position of the ground station. In this context, the approach adopted was the selection of the most adequate framework. Firstly , the ground station scenario was recreated by updating information regarding the satellite visibility times from the location site and by generating the 3D digital model of the ground station location. Secondly, through the analysis of the current state of the available satellite access times from the ground station site by applying the satellite mission simulation software. Finally, development of a swift data post-processing method for an in-situ preliminary analysis of the ground station location site by simulating the antenna customized elevation mask. In this thesis, an analysis model is presented as a contribution to optimize ground stations locations in built-up areas. The model stages have been developed to provide the best solution for the possible case scenarios considering; ground station mission requirements and facility constraints as the main location factors in the analysis process within these urban enviroments, and; application of results of 3D visualization Jesus Nieves IX Analysis model to optimize ground stations in built-up areas techniques as useful tools in the decision taking process when different professionals are involved in the project. In addition, this thesis describes the theoretical models applyied in the analysis of three possible ground station case scenarios which correspond with; the given location site scenario in the case study at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM); site selection scenario within a selected location in the case study at California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly), and; location site selection scenario within a location area in the case study at The Catholic University of America (CUA). The main goal obtained from the framework experimentation in these case scenarios was the design of the measurement set-up when using different technologies of data capturing sensors, in particular, the antenna support designed in the case study at Cal Poly University that allowed transforming the signal spectrum measurements into azimuth and elevation parameters. Finally, this thesis concludes with the validation of the analysis model proposed to optimize ground station locations in built-up areas since the model stages have been validated in each case study implementation, and the research objectives established from the analysis of the research problem have been achieved in the possible case scenarios analyzed. Jesus Nieves X Analysis model to optimize ground stations in built-up areas RESUMEN La Geomática ha sido revolucionaria en investigación y desarrollo en una amplia variedad de dominios. Esta disciplina, que se ocupa de la información de datos espaciales, incluye todos los métodos y herramientas que van desde la adquisición de datos geográficos hasta la distribución de los mismos. Una de sus principales características deriva de la integración de diferentes tecnologías, y radica en su adaptabilidad a la resolución y análisis de un problema concreto, teniendo en cuenta tanto la escala de trabajo como la resolución requerida. Otra de sus características es el hacer posible la visualización de los datos y productos finales con la aplicación de herramientas de software que contemplan qué formatos digitales son necesarios y cuál es la representación más adecuada para obtener una mejor comprensión de los resultados. La investigación de esta tesis doctoral explora las herramientas y técnicas geomáticas para obtener la mejor solución en la selección de la localización de estaciones terrenas de satélite en áreas construidas. En este sentido, la investigación comenzó con el análisis de cuáles eran los puntos críticos más relevantes durante la selección de una localización de una estación en áreas construidas, tomando como problema de investigación el escenario de las estaciones terrenas de satélites. Los puntos críticos en el análisis de la misión de la estación terrena fueron la limitada potencia de transmisión y los pocos minutos del pase de cada satélite; y en la localización de la estación terrena, el definir el conjunto de datos que eran necesarios para el análisis del problema desde el software de seguimiento de satélites y establecer cuál debía de ser la posición espacial concreta de la estación terrena. En este contexto, para la selección del marco de trabajo se adoptó un nuevo enfoque. En primer lugar, se recreó el escenario de la estación terrena a través de la actualización relativa a los tiempos de visibilidad del satélite desde el emplazamiento seleccionado para su localización, y generando un modelo digital de este escenario tridimensional de la estación terrena. En segundo lugar, se analizó el estado actual de los tiempos de acceso al satélite disponibles desde el emplazamiento de la estación terrena, mediante el software de simulación de la misión del satélite. Finalmente, se desarrolló un método ágil de post-procesamiento de datos que permitiese Jesus Nieves XI Analysis model to optimize ground stations in built-up areas llevar a cabo el análisis preliminar in-situ de la ubicación de la estación terrena, con una simulación de la máscara personalizada de elevación de la antena. En esta tesis se presenta como contribución más importante, un nuevo modelo de análisis que permite optimizar la localización de estaciones terrenas en áreas construidas en relación a los tiempos de transferencia de datos. Las fases del modelo han sido desarrolladas para proporcionar cuál es la mejor solución en los posibles casos de escenarios que pueden encontrarse, considerando en el proceso de análisis en entornos urbanos tanto los requisitos de misión de la estación terrena y las restricciones de instalación, como los factores de su localización; y aplicando a los resultados las técnicas de visualización 3D como una nueva herramienta que puede resultar muy útil en el proceso de toma de decisiones cuando el proyecto cuenta con la participación de diferentes especialistas. Además, esta tesis describe los modelos teóricos que han sido de aplicación en el análisis de tres posibles escenarios de estaciones terrenas que se corresponden con: el estudio de la localización con una estación terrena ya instalada, escenario del caso de estudio en la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM); tener como tarea
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