Immatures of Acanthocinini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262014000200003

Sônia A. Casari1 & Édson P. Teixeira2

1Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 42494, 04218–970 São Paulo-SP, Brazil. [email protected] 2Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Caixa Postal 28, 13012–970 Campinas-SP, Brazil. [email protected]

ABSTRACT. Immatures of Acanthocinini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Larva and pupa of Eutrypanus dorsalis (Germar, 1928), collected in trunks of Pinus elliottii Engelm., and Paratenthras martinsi Monné, 1998, collected in spathes of Scheelea phalerata (Mart. ex Spreng.) Burret, are described and illustrated. Larva and pupa of Lophopoeum timbouvae Lameere, 1884, collected in Hymenaea corbaril L., Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong and Pterogyne nitens Tul., are redescribed and illustrated. A table with all described immatures of Lamiinae, and a comparison among the immatures of Acanthocinini are presented. Biological notes and new records are also included.

KEYWORDS. Arecaceae; Cariniana estrellensis; egg; Euterpe edulis; host plants; Insecta.

The subfamily Lamiinae includes about 3,051 genera and (1915)], Saperda calcarata Say, 1824 and Saperda vestita 20,652 species separated in 78 tribes, distributed all over the Say, 1824 [from Craighead (1923)]. Lawrence (1991) dis- world (Roguet 2013). Thirty-nine tribes are recorded in the cussed the relationships of Cerambycidae larvae and pre- Western Hemisphere (Monné & Bezark, 2009). sented diagnoses, biology and ecology, descriptions and The tribe Acanthocinini is composed of 150 genera and comments about the family. For Lamiinae, he included a short about 1,045 species, recorded from Western Hemisphere; the diagnosis and the same illustrations of Peterson (1960). genus Eutrypanus Thomson, 1860 is formed by 5 species, The most complete work on immature stages of the Neo- Paratenthras Monné, 1998 is monotypic, and Lophopoeum tropical timber beetles is the book of Duffy (1960) that in- Bates, 1863 includes 15 species (Monné & Bezark 2009). cludes keys to subfamilies, genera and species of the known Considering the large number of the species, the imma- immatures of the Cerambycidae. For the majority of the stud- ture forms of these taxa are poorly known (Appendix I). ied species he presented, besides the description and illustra- Craighead (1923) treating of the “North American tion of the larva, also those of the pupa. For larvae, he treated Cerambycidae larvae” characterized the larvae of the family 160 species in 123 genera; for pupae, 78 species in 67 gen- Cerambycidae and included a key to subfamilies. Of the era. A total of eight subfamilies were treated. Regarding the Lamiinae, he presented a characterization of the subfamily subfamily Lamiinae, he presented the description of at least and keys to genera and to species for some genera. Also he one stage (egg, mature larva or pupa) of 64 species belong- described the larva and pupa of 44 species and only the larva ing to twenty tribes. Larval characterization for the majority of other 62 species, belonging to 45 genera. of the tribes was also presented. The tribes with largest num- Böving & Craighead (1931) presented a key to Ceramby- ber of described species is Acanthocinini (23) followed by cidae subfamilies and the illustrations of the head (dorsal and Acanthoderini (12) and Onciderini (6). ventral) of each subfamily. Of the Lamiinae, they illustrated Following this earlier work, other studies have described Graphisurus LeConte, 1850 and another undetermined spe- immatures in Lamiinae: seven species were described for cies. They characterized the larva of Lamiinae as follows: head Onciderini (Cosarinsky 1996; Giacomel 1992; Marinoni 1969; oblong, sides parallel or converging behind; epistoma never Marinoni & Silva 1973; Napp 1977; Penteado-Dias 1979; projecting; tentorial cross-arm internal; epipleurum protuber- Zajciw 1974), four for Acanthoderini (Zajciw 1964, 1975; ant on several or all abdominal segments; legs usually absent. Galileo et al. 1993; Mermudes & Monné, 2001), three for Peterson (1960), who treated the larvae of insects of Ne- Acanthocinini (Costa et al. 1988; Di Iorio 1995; Casari & Mar- arctic species, described the habits and the larvae of the fam- tins 2011) and one for Hemilophini (Casari & Martins 2013). ily Cerambycidae, and included the descriptions and Presently, immatures of 80 species belonging to 49 genera illustrations of Dectes spinosus Say [= Dectes sayi Dillon & of Acanthocinini were described, including Eutrypanus Dillon, 1853], Graphisurus sp., prob. fasciata De Geer [from triangulifer Erichson, 1847 and Lophopoeum timbouvae, eight Craighead (1923)], Hippopsis leminiscata (Fabricius, 1801) of which are recorded from Brazil. Eutrypanus incertus was [from Craighead (1923)], Monochamus scutellatus (Say, transferred to Neoeutrypanus and is not considered here. Herein, 1824) [from Craighead (1923)], Oberea bimaculata Olivier larva and pupa of the Eutrypanus dorsalis (Germar, 1928) and [= O. perspicillata Haldeman, 1847] [from Craighead Paratenthras martinsi Monné, 1998 are described and those of (1923)], Oberea tripunctata (Swederus, 1787) [from Ruggles the Lophopoeum timbouvae Lameere, 1884 are redescribed.

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MATERIAL AND METHODS ginate by band of long setae. Epipharynx (Fig. 14) with fore angles rounded; one elongate sclerite each side on basal two- The studied material is preserved in alcohol 70°GL and thirds, wider anteriorly; distal third with wide and moder- deposited in the Coleoptera Immature Collection of the Museu ately long setae directed to middle; median region de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP), except microspined with some setae and some campaniform sen- for some dried adults of each species that are deposited in silla; microspined area running like a narrow band internally the Collection of the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas each sclerite on distal half. Mandibles (Figs. 18–21) sym- (IACC). metrical and wide with small rounded dorsal lobe near apex; The material of the three species here described was reared cutting area wide and grooved; three lateral setae. Maxilla in laboratory. The host plants or fruits with larvae were col- (Figs. 15, 17): cardo and submentum fused; stipes membra- lected and maintained in cages for observations until the nous with transversal inclined sclerotized band; long setae emergence of the adults. The terminology follows Duffy near lateral margins, some near sclerotized band; setae and (1960) and the classification of Acanthocinini, that of Monné campaniform sensilla at middle, near base. Palpifer ventrally & Bezark (2009). with irregular band of long setae near anterior margin; dor- Appendix I includes all American species of Lamiinae sally with long setae near lateral margin. Maxillary lobe elon- with described immature forms and represents the current gate, shorter than palpus with rounded apex; long setae dorsal knowledge of the immatures of the subfamily. The data were and ventral, stouter and denser dorsally. Maxillary palpi with taken from the description of each species and sometimes three palpomeres: palpomere basal almost as long as wide are incomplete. with band of setae near anterior margin and one campaniform sensillum ventral and some latero-anterior setae dorsal; DESCRIPTIONS palpomere median slightly longer than wide, with two long setae and one campaniform sensillum ventral, near anterior Eutrypanus dorsalis (Germar, 1928) margin; palpomere distal elongate with one campaniform (Figs. 1–21, 75–77) sensilla dorsal near base and one short seta latero-external; with peg-like sensilla at apex. Labium (Fig. 17): mentum Larva. Length: 21–25 mm; width of prothorax: 5–6 mm. fused to submentum, translucent, with two pair of setae near Elongate, cylindrical and slightly flattened (Figs. 1, 2). anterior margin and one pair below anterior; prementum trans- General coloration cream; mandibles black; head yellow with verse, partially sclerotized and narrowed at base; palpiger anterior narrow dorsal and ventral black band and one longi- with many long setae, forming an irregular band near apex; tudinal dorsal carina on each side. Thorax and abdomen with ligula wide and membranous with distal margin rounded; ambulatory ampullae; some areas of ampullae and protho- bearing many wide long setae near anterior margin and sev- rax covered with micro-spiculi. Prothorax with one dorsal eral campaniform sensilla at middle. Labial palpi with two and one ventral yellow patch; ventral patch interrupted at palpomeres: palpomere basal elongate with band of long se- middle and darker near base. Pubescence yellowish-brown, tae ventral, near anterior margin; palpomere distal elongate moderately long and dense, more concentrate laterally. with one campaniform sensillum ventral near lateral margin Head (Figs. 9–10) deeply retracted into prothorax; elon- and peg-like sensilla at apex. Hypopharynx (Fig. 16): ante- gate, prognathous and strongly depressed; sides constricted rior margin rounded; distal half with many wide and long after middle; retracted portion two-fifths of head length; oc- setae, except at middle; basal half microspined laterally; many cipital foramen entire. Head capsule dorsal composed by two campaniform sensilla at middle. epicranial halves; median suture long, continuous with Prothorax wider than long, gradually narrowed anteriad; endocarina; one carina each side, not reaching anterior and pronotum with long setae more concentrated anteriorly; basal basal margins. Frontoclypeal suture distinct and almost two-thirds micro-spiculate. Setae coarser and bristle ventrally; straight; six epistomal setae; in one specimen, seven; each presternum and eusternum indistinct; sternellum with one epicranial half with two setae below epistomal setae and 7 elliptical area each side, covered with micro-spiculi. Meso- lateral (three short); two tiny setae each side of median su- and metathorax transverse, band-like. Mesothorax with trans- ture. Stemmata absent. Ventrally, each side of head capsule versal median band of setae dorsal and with one transverse with one long seta on dark band, two setae below antenna narrow ampulla ventral; each side with one ventral elliptical and six near lateral margin. Gular suture indistinct; gular area spiracle (Figs. 2, 3) near anterior margin. Metathorax with triangular with one setae each side. Antennae (Figs. 11, 12) one transversal median narrow ampulla dorsal and one ven- very short, retractable, with two antennomeres: antennomere tral. basal membranous and distal bearing at apex one well devel- Abdomen: epipleurum protuberant on segments VII–VIII. oped sensorial membranous appendix with one long seta each Segments I–VIII with one dorsolateral elliptical spiracle each side, two short and wide setae dorsal and one small sensorial side, smaller than thoracics; segments I-VII dorsal- and ven- appendix ventral, latero-internally. Antennal foramen closed trally slightly grooved longitudinal-medially, with two ellip- posteriorly. Clypeus (Fig. 13) trapezoidal, translucent and tical or rounded ampullae at middle of each segment; glabrous. Labrum (Fig. 13) transverse, semi-elliptical, mar- ampullae with large and micro-spiculate verrucae; segment

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Figs. 1–8. Eutrypanus dorsalis (Germar, 1928). Larva: 1, 2, habitus (dorsal, ventral); 3, spiracle thoracic. Pupa: 4, head; 5, 7, 8, apex of abdomen (dorsal, ventral, lateral); 6, habitus (dorsal). Bars = 1 mm, except Fig. 3, 2 mm.

VIII longer than IX; tergite IX with tiny sclerotized transver- of clypeal and labral areas and those of mesonotum very sal median area; segment X reduced and distal, partially vis- small. Glabrous ventrally, except by crown of spines with ible dorsally with trilobed apex. basal long seta at apex of femura. Pupa. Length: 24–25 mm; width of pronotum: 5 mm Head (Figs. 4, 6) partially visible dorsally, deeply exca- (Figs. 4–8). vate between antennal tubercles; three pairs of spines be- General coloration cream. Integument with small spines tween antennal insertions (one pair visible ventrally), each dorsal, each with one basal seta (Fig. 4 (setae not represented); with one long basal seta; ventrally spines more concentrate Fig. 6 (setae represented only on mesonotum and legs). Spines at median anterior region and in one transversal row at clypeal

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13 14

17 19 21

Figs. 9–21. Eutrypanus dorsalis (Germar, 1928). Larva: 9, 10, head with mandibles removed (dorsal; distal half, ventral); 11, 12, antenna (ventral, dorsal); 13, clypeus and labrum; 14, epipharynx; 15, distal half of maxilla (dorsal); 16, hypopharynx; 17, maxilla and labium; 18-21, mandible (ventral, internal, external, dorsal). Bars = 1 mm, except Fig. 9, 10mm; 13, 5 mm; 14, 16, 17, 2 mm; 18–21, 0.5 mm. area; each mandible with two lateral spines, each with one longer than hind angle of pronotum; spines, each with one basal seta; labrum with five spines each side. Antennae gla- basal seta, more concentrate at anterior third; two spines, each brous. with one basal seta, each lateral lobe and two inner near basal Pronotum wider than long, constricted at hind angles base, margin. Mesonotum narrow with posterior margin promi- forming one lobe before hind angles; ante-proximal lobe nent and emarginated at middle; small spines, each with one

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 58(2): 107–128, June 2014 Immatures of Acanthocinini 111 basal seta, more concentrate near middle and one larger each Comparing Eutrypanus dorsalis with E. triangulifer [de- side. Ventrally one well developed elliptical spiracle later- scribed as Acanthocinus triangulifer] it was verified that the ally on mesothorax. Metanotum longer than mesonotum, with head is elongate with sides feebly constricted, after the middle posterior margin prominent at middle and four spines each in E. dorsalis and before the middle in E. triangulifer; anten- side, each with one basal seta. Femura of all legs with crown nal foramen closed in both species; gular region indiscern- of small spines near apex, each with one long basal seta. ible, except in E. triangulifer with gula triangular; pronotum Abdomen with segments I–VI transverse, band-like with with basal two-thirds micro-spiculate in both species and elliptical dorsolateral spiracles, first larger; segments I–II with spiracles with peritreme circular, except elliptical in E. dor- one transverse band of spines, each with basal seta, inter- salis. Abdomen: pleural tubercles with a pair of sclerotized rupted at middle; segments III–VI with two transversal bands pits, absent in E. dorsalis; ampullae with large moniliform interrupted at middle, anterior band shorter; segments VII– micro-spiculate verrucae in E. dorsalis and velvety micro- VIII narrow and moderate or extremely elongate in female spiculate, non tuberculate in E. triangulifer; tergite IX with (Fig. 6), VII longer than VIII, with dorsal spines with basal transverse sclerotized process very small in E. dorsalis and setae, larger near apex; segment IX (Figs. 5–8) short and absent in E. triangulifer. apical, with two small dorsal spines, each with basal seta; Comparing both species of Eutrypanus with Neoeutrypanus apex with one pair of dorsal well developed inwardly directed incertus, several differences were observed. Differently from spines, each with one basal seta, and one pair lateral (Figs. the species of Eutrypanus, this species exhibits: head with sides 5,7); ventrally, three well developed spines, each with one feebly constricted medially; stemmata present; pronotum with basal seta, each side; segment X (Fig. 7) ventral with bilobed basal two-thirds micro-pubescent; abdomen with ampullae with apex. larger, oval, shining moniliform tubercles; tergite IX with well We examined two female pupae: one with abdominal seg- developed transverse sclerotized process. ments VII–VIII extremely elongate (Fig. 6) and other with The larva of Eutrypanus dorsalis is characterized espe- these segments moderately elongate, like the females of the cially by head with one longitudinal carina on each side of Figs. 76 and 77. median suture, not reaching the base, absence of sclerotized pits on pleural tubercles and spiracles with elliptical Material examined. Brazil. São Paulo: Mogi Guaçu (Est. Ecológica peritreme. Mogi Guaçu) [22°15’S 47°00’W; 600-730 m.], 23.IX.77, E. P. Teixeira Comparing the pupae of Eutrypanus dorsalis with that col.; Host: Pinus elliottii Engelm, 4 larvae and 3 pupae fixed (MZSP), 18 pinned adults (IACC). of E. triangulifer it was observed (the head was not com- pared because in E. triangulifer it was too mutilated and was Biological Notes. The larvae and pupae were collected not described): mesonotum with six pairs of spines, each with in a decayed trunk inside a plantation of Pinus elliottii one with basal seta in E. dorsalis and glabrous in E. Engelm. The trunk, collected in September, was kept in labo- triangulifer; metanotum with four spines on each side in E. ratory and the adults emerged in November and December. dorsalis and two oblique rows in E. triangulifer, each row The emergence of the adults was first noted by presence of with six large and two or three smaller spines; elytra without the exit holes (Fig. 73) in the trunk. spines; legs: femora of all legs with row of spines near apex The larvae feed on dead trees. The larval galleries and the in both species; hind femora with long, slender tuberculate pupal cells (Fig. 74) agree with the description of Duffy (1960) process near base in E. triangulifer. Abdomen: segments VI– for Eutrypanus incertus [now included in Neoeutrypanus by VIII extremely elongate and strongly produced posteriorly Monné & Bezark 2009]: “entirely subcortical, the latter con- in both species; posterior half of tergites I–VI bearing groups sisting of a shallow concavity (in the inner bark or outer sap- of spines directed posteriorly and anterior half of tergites III– wood), lined with an oval barricade or interlaced fibrous VI with similar but less numerous spines in both species; shreds”. segment IX with two small dorsal spines and at apex, one Besides the material reared in Pinus elliottii, there are in pair of well developed dorsal spines inwardly directed, one the IACC collection some adults reared in trunks of a live pair of small spines lateral, and ventrally, three well devel- tree of Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze (“jequitibá oped spines on each side in E. dorsalis; four pairs of stout, branco”) with symptoms of wasting, collected in Campinas, inwardly curved spines in E. triangulifer. Functional spiracles São Paulo (Chácara São Quirino, VII.1989, J. L. Silva col.). on segments I–VI in both species. Remarks. According to Duffy (1960), the larvae of Comparing the pupae of the two species of Eutrypanus Eutrypanus Thomson, 1860, Chaetanes Bates, 1864 and with that of Neoeutrypnus incertus, it was observed the fol- Carphina Bates, 1862 “are distinguishable from the remain- lowing differences in N. incertus: clypeal area with two pairs der of the Acanthocinini by the presence of a large, broad, of setae; mesonotum glabrous (like in E. triangulifer); sclerotized process on abdominal tergite 9, which may pos- metanotum with two oblique row of spines (like in E. sible act as stridulatory organ”. He included also Eutrypanus triangulifer); elytra with one pair of spines; tergites I–VI incertus (currently placed in Neoeutrypanus). In E. dorsalis, with spines with basal setae arranged more or less in two here described, this sclerotized process is very small, like a transverse rows; tergite VII with numerous (more than 25) narrow transverse sclerotization. spines.

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Paratenthras martinsi Monné, 1998 some very wide. Maxillary palpi with three palpomeres: (Figs. 22–39, 78, 79) palpomere basal elongate, ventrally with one campaniform sensillum near base and four long setae and three campani- Larva. Length: 5–9.5 mm; width of prothorax: 2–3 mm. form sensilla near apex, and dorsally with two long Elongate, cylindrical, slightly flattened; slightly narrowed lateroexternal setae; palpomere median as long as wide, ven- apicad; segments VII–VIII widened laterally (Figs. 22, 25). trally with one campaniform sensillum near base and four General coloration cream; mandibles black; head yellow with setae and one campaniform sensillum near apex, and dor- dorsal and ventral anterior narrow black band. Densely se- sally with one lateroexternal long seta; palpomere distal with tose; setae yellowish-white long and thin, denser laterally. one ventral campaniform sensillum lateroexternal, one long Thorax and abdomen with ambulatory ampullae covered with dorsal seta latero-internally and peg-like sensilla at middle shining glabrous moniliform tubercles. of apex. Labium (Fig. 39): mentum fused to submentum, Head (Figs. 30, 33) deeply retracted into prothorax; translucent with transverse sclerotized narrow basal band, slightly elongate, prognathous and strongly depressed; re- continuous with that of maxilla; many long setae and tracted portion about one-third of head length; occipital fo- campaniform sensilla on distal third; prementum slightly ramen entire. Head capsule dorsally composed by two sclerotized with several campaniform sensilla more concen- epicranial halves; median suture long, continuous with trate at base; palpiger with transverse band of long setae near endocarina and almost reaching frontoclypeal suture. anterior margin; ligula densely microspined at middle with Frontoclypeal suture distinct almost straight; six epistomal several long setae. Labial palpi with two palpomeres: setae; each epicranial half with three long setae (one below palpomere basal elongate with five long setae and one or epistomal setae and two near lateral lobe) and four short se- two campaniform sensilla near apex; palpomere distal elon- tae: three forming an inclined row starting near median su- gate, narrower than basal with one campaniform sensillum ture and one near stemma; one lateral long setae above near middle of lateroexternal margin and some peg-like sen- stemma; tiny setae (not represented) sparse on exposed por- silla at middle of apex. Hypopharynx (Fig. 38) with fore tion. Each side with one translucent stemma below antenna. angles rounded, marginate by short setae; each side with wide Head capsule with four ventral setae each side. Gula indis- microspined band on distal third; microspined band starting tinct; gular area with seven setae. Antenna (Fig. 31) very short on fore angles, wider and convergent at middle; many mod- and retractile; with two antennomeres; basal antennomere erately long setae and campaniform sensilla between two lat- almost totally retractile; distal antennomere bearing at apex eral microspined bands on anterior third; campaniform one well developed sensorial membranous appendix and four sensilla at median region, behind microspined band. wide setae: one long and three short. Antennal foramen closed Prothorax wider than long, strongly narrowed anteriorly; posteriorly. Clypeus (Fig. 32) trapezoidal, translucent and more strongly convex dorsally; ventrally with transverse glabrous. Labrum (Fig. 32) semielliptical, densely setose, groove parallel posterior margin. Meso- and metathorax band- except basal region. Epipharynx (Fig. 35) with anterior mar- like, similar in length; both together shorter than prothorax gin rounded, narrowed at basal half; one elongate sclerite dorsal and longer ventral. Mesothorax ventrally with one each side of basal half; anterior and lateral margins with ir- median ampulla and anteriorly with one well developed el- regular band of long setae of varied sizes; a wide microspined liptical spiracle (Fig. 23) each side. Metathorax with one median band interrupted at middle on basal two-thirds and transverse ampulla dorsal and one ventral. continuous running like a narrow band internally each scler- Abdomen: segments I–VII with one elliptical ampullae ite; many campaniform sensilla more concentrate in a me- dorsal and one ventral; ampullae covered with shining gla- dian glabrous area on basal two-thirds. Mandible (Figs. 36, brous moniliform tubercles; segments I–VIII with one ellip- 37) symmetrical, narrow with acute apex and subapical tical spiracle each side, smaller than those of thorax; rounded tooth; two lateral long setae. Maxilla (Figs. 34, 39): epipleurum protuberant on segments VII–VIII. Segment IX cardo and submentum fused; stipes membranous with scle- (Fig. 24) short; segment X with trilobed apex. rotized in transversal narrow band at base (continuous with Pupa. Length: 8–12 mm; width of prothorax: 1.5–2.5 mm submentum) and inclined band below palpifer; several long (Figs. 26, 29). setae more concentrate latero-externally and many Coloration cream; black crown of spines at apex of abdo- campaniform sensilla more concentrate latero-externally near men. Pubescence ferrugineous, long and dense. Abdomen base. Palpifer ventrally slightly sclerotized with many dorsally with unciform spines of varied sizes; each spine with campaniform sensilla and irregular band of long setae near one long seta at base (setae not represented on abdomen in anterior margin; dorsally with some long setae latero-anteri- Fig. 26). orly, a band of microsetae transverse near anterior margin Head (Figs. 26, 29) partially visible dorsally with many and continuous longitudinally near middle; several long setae; ventrally, two setae below antennal insertion and campaniform sensilla irregularly distributed. Maxillary lobe two laterally near base of mandible; labrum densely setose; elongate with rounded apex, shorter than palpus; ventrally each mandible with two setae near base. Antennae glabrous. with several stout and many piliform setae and three Pronotum wider than long, narrowed anteriad; constricted campaniform sensilla near base; dorsally with stout setae, laterally near base of hind angles, forming a rounded lobe,

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25 26 22

28 29

Figs.22–29. Paratenthras martinsi Monné, 1998. Larva: 22, 25, habitus (dorsal, lateral); 23, spiracle thoracic; 24, apex of abdomen (ventral). Pupa: 26, 29, habitus (dorsal, ventral); 27, 28, apex of abdomen (ventral, lateral). Bars = 1mm, except Fig. 24, 0.5 mm. densely setose; setae long, more concentrate laterally and anterior margin. Metanotum longer than mesonotum with sparser near base. Mesonotum band-like with posterior mar- many setae near middle. Legs: distal half of femura, tibiae gin prominent at middle and many setae each side of scutel- and tarsi densely setose; setae very long. lar area; each elytron with four setae near base. Mesothorax Abdomen: segments I–VI with one dorsolateral elliptical ventrally with a lateral well developed elliptical spiracle, near spiracle each side; spiracles smaller than thoracic. Segments

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30 33

36 37

38 39

Figs. 30–39. Paratenthras martinsi Monné, 1998. Larva: 30, 33, head (dorsal, ventral); 31, antena (dorsal); 32, clypeus and labrum; 34, distal half of maxilla (dorsal); 35, epipharynx; 36, 37, mandible (dorsal, ventral); 38, hypopharynx; 39, maxilla and labium. Bars = 1mm, except Figs. 30, 32, 33, 5 mm; 31, 0.5 mm; 36, 37, 2 mm.

I–VI transverse, band-like; segment I dorsally with transverse of setae of varied sizes. Segment VII elongate, narrower than band of unciform spines near base, each spine with one basal VI, slightly narrowed apicad; dorsally with many unciform seta (not included in Fig. 26); densely setose laterally. Seg- spines, each spine with one basal seta (not represented in ments II–VI dorsally with two transverse bands of unciform Fig. 26); spines forming a median basal rounded patch, a spines each: one band near anterior margin with smaller transversal median band and some sparse near apex; distal spines and other near basal margin with larger spines; each margin bilobate; each lobe with one well developed spine, spine with one basal seta (not included in Fig. 26); densely each with one long seta at base; setose laterodorsally and setose laterally. Segments I–VI ventrally with irregular band lateroventrally. Segment VIII (Figs. 26–29) short, like a nar-

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 58(2): 107–128, June 2014 Immatures of Acanthocinini 115 row band; dorsally with a crown formed by 8 well developed including oviposition, is conditioned on tender spathes. It apical spines, upwardly directed, each with one long seta at was not observed adults feeding on pollen. It is likely that base; densely setose ventrally, forming a band near distal they feed on the spathe tissues. margin, interrupted at middle. Segment IX (Figs. 27–29) re- According to Monné (1998), there is a very sharp chro- duced, ventral, surrounded by segment VIII, forming three matic variation in both sexes of P. martinsi, which corrobo- lobes: one dorsal and one each side; densely setose laterally; rates with the data obtained in this study (Figs. 78, 79). The two small rounded lobes ventral, at middle of basal margin; majority of the males observed had dark-brown elytra, ex- anal opening transverse. cept for the yellow apex. On April 18, 2008, in three couples observed in copulation, one of the males had elytra with a Material examined. Brazil. São Paulo: Campinas (IAC- Sta Elisa) small center-median yellow spot, not forming the cross track. [22°51’47"S 47°5’6"W], 08.VI.10; Hosp. Scheelea phalerata (“espata”), Along with the adults of the Cerambycidae, it was found E. P. Teixeira col., 12 larvae, 6 pupae (3 with last larval exuvia), 18 adults fixed and 6 pinned (MZSP), 39 pinned adults (IACC). on the spathe adults of Mystrops sp. (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) (Fig. 64), occurring in larger number in the inflorescence, Biological Notes. On November 27, 2006, several emer- where they feed on pollen. It is probably that this species gence holes, apparently made by beetles, were observed in also feed on the spathe. Besides Mystrops sp., Trigona sp. one spathe of Scheelea phalerata (Mart. ex Spreng.) Burret. (Hymenoptera, Meliponini) was observed in the inflores- This spathe was collected and kept in laboratory inside a nylon cence. cage (Fig. 72), and the emergence of the adults of This is the first record of Paratenthras martinsi in the Paratenthras martinsi occurred from November, 2006 to June, state of São Paulo and also for Scheelea phalerata as the 2007, with peak of emergence in November, December and host plant of this species. In addition, this is the second record January. This period of emergence was the same observed in of Lamiinae species in Brazil associated with palm spathes. field conditions, during four years, in three palm trees. The Based on the distribution of this species presented by Monné, larvae, pupae and adults here studied, were obtained from 1998 (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul) and on the dis- one spathe collected in June, 2010, from the same plant of tribution of the palm (São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Goiás, the first collected in 2006 and kept in laboratory. Tocantins, Pará, Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia, Mato Grosso It was observed that the larvae feed on the internal part and Mato Grosso do Sul) (Lorenzi et al. 2004) it is supposed of the spathe and the pupation takes place in the shallow cell, that the distribution of the beetle follows the distribution of very close to the outer wall (Fig. 68). To separate the larvae the palm. and pupae, the spathe was tore with a knife. Remarks. The larva and especially the pupa of The female lays the eggs on the internal face of the spathe Paratenthras martinsi is very setose, with setae longer and (Figs. 61, 62, 64, 65) and before the oviposition, a jaw inci- denser than any other studied species. It presents elliptical sion (Fig. 63) is performed. This operation lasts a few sec- ambulatory ampullae bearing shinning glabrous moniliform onds. The males attempt to copulate, even during the tubercles. The pupa of this species presents, at apex of abdo- oviposition (Fig. 65), and the copulation always occurred in men, a crown of well-developed black spines upwardly di- the spathe. rected. Based on the emergence holes, it was verified that hun- dreds of adults emerged from one spathe, as observed on Lophopoeum timbouvae Lameere, 1884 March, 25, 2008 (Fig. 70). In another spathe 115 cm long (Figs. 40–60, 80) observed on April, 05, 2012, a total of 808 “exit” holes were found in the external face, 41 on the internal and 13 in the Larva. Length: 9–11 mm; width of prothorax: 2.5–3.0 mm. lateral face. To facilitate the counting, the emergence holes Body elongate, cylindrical, slightly flattened and nar- were surrounded with a ballpoint pen (Fig. 71). These holes rowed apicad; segments VII–VIII widest (Figs. 40, 41). Gen- were located from thirty centimeters from the base to 10 cm eral coloration cream; pronotum with one yellowish median before the apex. The spathes remain on the plant after the area; head yellow with band on anterior margin (dorsal and emergence of the insects (Fig. 69). The number of adults ventral) and mandibles black; ventroanterior black band of reared in each spathe depends on the period that the spathe head with one projection on each side of gular suture; spi- opens. If it opens in the high peak of emergence of the adults, racles brown. Pubescence thin, long, dense, pale yellow (al- more adults will be attracted and more chance for reproduc- most invisible under alcohol); longest setae brownish. tion. When the spathe opens in low peak of emergence, few Micro-spiculate areas on basal region of pronotum and ante- adults will be available to be attracted and to reproduce. rior region of mesonotum. Thorax and abdomen with ambu- During field observations on March 25, 2008, it was veri- latory ampullae covered with shining glabrous moniliform fied that the highest activity of the beetles, feeding and copu- small tubercles. lation, occurred in the morning immediately after the opening Head (Figs. 49, 50) deeply retracted into prothorax; elon- of the spathe. This intense activity lasted for three days and gate, prognathous and strongly depressed; retracted portion after that no activity was observed and few flowers remained almost half of head length; occipital foramen entire. Dorsally, in the inflorescence. It is likely that the activity of the beetles, head capsule composed by two epicranial halves; median su-

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 58(2): 107–128, June 2014 116 Casari & Teixeira

42 41 40 44

45 48

Figs. 40–48. Lophopoeum timbouvae Lameere, 1884. Larva: 40, 41, habitus (dorsal, lateral); 42, spiracle thoracic; 43, head and thorax (ventral); 44, apex of abdomen (ventral). Pupa: 45, 48, habitus (dorsal, ventral); 46, 47, apex of abdomen (ventral, lateral). Bars = 1mm, except Figs. 46, 47, 0.5 mm. ture long, continuous with endocarina almost reaching suture, three laterally outside each darker projection and two frontoclypeal suture. Frontoclypeal suture distinct, almost near lateral margin. One well-developed stemma each side, straight; six epistomal setae; each epicranial half with two below antenna (at apex of a small projection). Antenna (Figs. moderately long setae below epistomal setae and six more lat- 52, 56) very short and retractile with two antennomeres; basal eral, all on/near darker band; two tiny setae near median su- antennomere membranous; distal antennomere slightly wider ture. Gular suture present. Three setae on each side of gular than long, bearing one ventral campaniform sensillum near

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 58(2): 107–128, June 2014 Immatures of Acanthocinini 117

49 50

56 54 55

57 58 60 Figs. 49–60. Lophopoeum timbouvae Lameere, 1884. Larva: 49, 50, head (dorsal, ventral); 51, clypeus and labrum; 52, 56, antenna (ventral, dorsal); 53, epipharynx; 54, maxilla and labium; 55, distal half of maxilla (dorsal); 57, hypopharynx; 58–60, mandible (ventral, internal, dorsal). Bars = 1 mm, except Figs. 51, 58–60, 2 mm; 52, 56, 0.5 mm. base and at apex, one well-developed sensorial membranous one triangular elongate sclerite on basal two-thirds; distal forth appendix and five setae of varied sizes, two very wide. Anten- with stout setae directed to middle; median area with nal foramen opened posteriorly. Clypeus (Fig. 51) trapezoi- microspines directed to middle and some campaniform sen- dal, translucent and glabrous. Labrum (Fig. 51) semielliptical, silla; microspined median band bifurcate and following inter- setose near distal margin; campaniform sensilla irregularly nal margin of each sclerite; basal half between sclerites with distributed on basal two-thirds (not represented in Fig. 51). four setae and many campaniform sensilla. Mandible (Figs. Epipharynx (Fig. 53) with fore angles rounded; each side with 58–60) symmetrical with wide apex; internal margin emar-

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 58(2): 107–128, June 2014 118 Casari & Teixeira

61 62 64

65 66

67 68

Figs. 61–68. Paratenthras martinsi Monné, 1998. 61, Spathe and inflorescence of Scheelea phalerata; 62, adults in copula, feeding and oviposition; 63, female making incision before the oviposition; 64, P. martinsi and Mystrops sp.; 65, several adults, one couple in copula; 66, “pre-pupa” inside pupal chamber; 67, pupa; 68, pupal chambers. ginate dorsally near apex forming small lobes; two long lat- near band, one seta longest. Palpifer ventrally partially sclero- eral setae. Maxilla (Figs. 54, 55): cardo and submentum fused; tized, with campaniform sensilla near base and irregular dense stipes membranous with sclerotized transversal inclined band, band of setae near apex; dorsally with three campaniform sen- bearing several campaniform sensilla; about eight long setae silla and some microspines at middle and long setae and one

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 58(2): 107–128, June 2014 Immatures of Acanthocinini 119

69 70 71

72 73 74 Figs. 69–72. Paratenthras martinsi Monné, 1998. 69, palm with dried spathe; 70–71, dryed spathe with emergence holes; 72, cage with spathe. Figs. 73, 74. Eutrypanus dorsalis (Germar, 1928). 73, emergence hole; 74, pupal chamber. campaniform sensillum near lateral margin. Maxillary lobe elongate, bearing ventrally one campaniform sensillum and a elongate, shorter than palpus, with apex rounded and slightly row of five setae near anterior margin; distal palpomere nar- narrowed internally near base; many long dorsal and ventral rower with one ventral campaniform sensillum and many peg- setae, more concentrate and wider dorsally. Maxillary palpi like sensilla at apex. Hypopharynx (Fig. 57) with distal margin with three palpomeres: basal palpomere almost as long as wide, rounded; a semicircular band of stout setae at anterior half; with three moderately short setae and three campaniform sen- microspines forming band at lateral margins, converging at silla ventral, and dorsally, one moderately long lateral seta and middle; many campaniform sensilla before and below trans- microspiculi near apex; median palpomere as long as wide verse microspined band. with one seta and two campaniform sensilla ventrally, and two Prothorax more convex dorsally; ventrally with transverse setae dorsally: one lateroexternal long and one laterointernal groove parallel posterior margin; pronotum wider in basal short; distal palpomere elongate, dorsally with one short third, gradually narrowed anteriad. Meso- and metanotum laterointernal seta and one wide seta parallel to external mar- transverse, together almost as long as pronotum. Mesotho- gin; apex with several peg-like sensilla. Labium (Fig. 54): rax ventrally with one elliptical spiracle (Fig. 42) each side. mentum fused to submentum, translucent with two setae near Mesothorax with a transverse tuberculate ampulla ventral; apex and a transverse row with four setae near middle, and metathorax with a transverse tuberculate ampulla dorsal and many campaniform sensilla; prementum transverse and nar- two rounded ventral. rowed at base; palpiger with some campaniform sensilla and Segments I–VII with two rounded tuberculate ampullae transverse row of long setae near apex; ligula wide and mem- dorsal and two ventral; ventral ampullae narrower. Segments branous with distal margin rounded, bearing many long setae I–VIII with one elliptical dorsolateral spiracle on each side, at middle, near apex. Labial palpi with two palpomeres: basal each with subcontigous marginal chambers; pleural tubercles

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 58(2): 107–128, June 2014 120 Casari & Teixeira

75 76 77

78 79 80 Figs. 75–80. Habitus: 75–77, Eutrypanus dorsalis (Germar, 1928) (male, females); 78, 79, Paratenthras martinsi Monné, 1998 (female, male); 80, Lophopoeum timbouvae Lameere, 1884. each with a pair of sclerotized pits. Epipleurum protuberant with eight spines with seta each side: a group of three near on segments VII–VIII. Segments VIII–IX transverse and se- antennal base, a group of two below anterior, one near middle tose. Segment X (Fig. 44) reduced, distal, partially visible and two near clypeal area; labrum with three spines each dorsally; trilobed. side, each with a basal seta each side; each mandible with Pupa (Figs. 45–48). Length: 11 mm; width of prothorax: two spines, each with a seta. 2.5 mm. Pronotum wider than long, prominent laterally forming a Coloration cream. Integument with small tubercles with rounded lobe each side, near middle; each side with tiny spines of varied sizes, each with one seta at base; seta at least spines, each with a seta, forming a row with seven near ante- two times spine length. rior and lateroanterior margins; one on each lateral tubercle Head (Figs. 45, 48) hypognathous, partially visible dor- and one below it; four spines each side, each with a basal sally; three well-developed dorsal spines at base of each an- seta, forming irregular long row from basal third to posterior tenna, each with one seta. Spines smaller ventrally, sometimes margin. Mesonotum with 4–5 tiny spines each side, each with indistinguishable, seeming only seta; each side of frontal area a basal seta; several spines almost invisible and only setae

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 58(2): 107–128, June 2014 Immatures of Acanthocinini 121 well visible. Metanotum longer than mesonotum with a small terial is presented below. It was not possible to compare all round carina each side of scutellar area; four tiny spines with structures for all species because several of them are ran- basal setae each side, forming inclined row: a group of three domly described, lacking the information about structures forming inclined row and one near middle. Legs with tiny taxonomically important. spines and long setae on apex of femura and tibiae. Only the egg of Alcidion deletum has been described and Abdomen dorsally (Figs. 47, 48) with spines, each with it is elongate without any ornamentation. The larvae have one seta at base (setae partially represented in Fig. 45); spines the body of variable shapes, but it is usually cylindrical and larger laterally, on apex of segment VII and segment VII. slightly depressed with ambulatory ampullae on the thorax Segments I–VI transverse, band-like, with dorsal and lateral and the abdomen. Head retracted, moderately to very strongly spines, each with a basal seta; dorsal spines increasing in depressed and moderately to strongly elongate, with sides number and size to apex direction; lateral spines larger; lat- usually constricted at middle, before or after the middle; erally each segment with one lateral elliptical spiracle (1st median suture long, continuous with endocarina; each epic- largest); segment VII with lateral not sclerotized and not func- ranial half usually with 7–15 setae (including long and tiny tional spiracle. Segment VII longer, wider than long, slightly setae), sometimes 2–5; six epistomal setae present. One pair narrowed apicad, with distal margin rounded; spines larger, of stemmata present, except for Cosmotoma, Acanthocinus each with a basal seta. Segment VIII narrow, dorsally with triangulifer [nowadays Eutrypanus triangulifer] and 10 large spines, each with a basal seta, and ventrally with Eutrypanus dorsalis. Antennal foramen open or closed pos- four tiny spines, each with a basal seta. Segment IX (Figs. teriorly; antennae very short and retractile with two 45–48) short, like a narrow band, dorsally with two well- antennomeres; distal antennomere, with one membranous developed spines at apex, each with a basal seta. Segment X appendix and some setae of varied sizes at apex. Clypeus reduced, surrounded by segment IX. translucent and trapezoidal, glabrous, except Cosmotoma with two setae each side [probably are frontal setae]. Labrum trans- Material examined. Brazil. São Paulo: Teodoro Sampaio (Parque verse with fore angles rounded and setae on distal half or Estadual do Morro do Diabo) [22°27’S 52°10’W], 28.VIII.1997, E. P. third. Mandible usually with apex wide, rounded or emar- Teixeira col., 4 larvae (1 dissected), 1 pupa and 1 adult fixed (MZSP). ginate forming two lobes or teeth; two lateral setae Biological Notes. Duffy (1960) studied the larva and pupa (Eutrypanus dorsalis with three). Cardo and submentum of this species collected in fruits of Gleditsia amorphoides fused. Maxilla with galea with rounded apex; maxillary palpi from Paraguay. The larvae here studied were collected in fruits usually with three palpomeres. Mentum fused to submentum. of Hymenaea corbaril L., Enterolobium contortisiliquum Gula usually indistinct; gular area with 2–7 setae. Thorax (Vell.) Morong and Pterogyne nitens Tul. The pupae and with ampullae on metanotun and meso- and metasternum; adults were obtained from fruits of Hymenaea corbaril in abdomen with ampullae on tergites and sternites I–VII. Am- laboratory. This is the first record of L. timbouvae collected pullae tuberculate or non-tuberculate, micro-spiculate or gla- in fruits of Pterogyne nitens. brous. Anus trilobed. Spiracle oval or circular, usually very In addition to the material used in the redescription, there thick and strongly raised above cuticle; marginal chambers is in the IACC collection, some adults of this species reared present in Acanthocinus obliquus, Lepturges sejunctimaculata in seeds of Euterpe edulis Mart., collected in Pariquera-Açu, and Lophopeum timbouvae. São Paulo (Estação Experimental Pariquera-Açu, VI.1988, The pupae have the head partially visible from above, M.L.A. Bovi col.). This is another new record of host plant strongly deeply or moderately excavate between antennal tu- for L. timbouvae. bercles. The majority of species bear short spines (each with a Remarks. Duffy (1960) considered the spiracles of the basal seta) behind each antenna; long setae in Exocentrus sp., larva with peritreme rounded, here considered as elliptical. Eutrypanus incertus [nowadays Neoeutrypanus incertus] and Besides the description of the larva, he presented the illus- Cosmotoma setifer; in Lepturges sejunctimaculata the spines trations of the habitus of the larva and the apex of abdomen or setae are absent. Frons with varied number of spines (each of the pupa, and included a comparison of the pupa of L. with a basal seta). Occular area feebly convex and glabrous, timbouvae with that of Ozineus prolixus Melzer. Differently except Lepturges sejunctimaculata and Paratenthras martinsi, from the other studied species, the larva of L. timbouvae pre- with one or two setae. Clypeal area lacking or with 1–4 spines sents a well-defined gular suture, and spiracles with (each with a basal seta) or setae near each basal angle. Man- subcontigous marginal chambers. dibles each with one or two setae near middle of outer face. Pronotum: each side with one stout tubercle, rounded or acutely Comparison of known immature forms of pointed; numerous short spines (each with a basal seta) and/or Acanthocinini setae; Lophopoeum timbouvae with one long seta and Alcidion bispinum [now Neoalcidion bispinum, in Monné & Bezark As stated by Duffy (1960), the larvae of the tribe 2009] with a few conical papillae (each with a small spine and Acanthocinini are remarkably diverse and very difficult to long seta). Elytra: usually glabrous, Paratenthras martinsi with characterize. A comparison among the known immatures four setae on each elytron. Abdomen: tergites I–VI with me- based on the descriptions (Appendix I), and the studied ma- dian oval tuberculate spinose protuberance or only groups of

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 58(2): 107–128, June 2014 122 Casari & Teixeira spines (curved inwards or straight) with or without basal seta, Duffy, E.A.J. 1960. A monograph of the Immature Stages of Neotropical usually arranged in one or two rows; tergites VII–VIII some- Timber Beetles (Cerambycidae). London, British Museum of Natu- times extremely elongate, usually with stout incurved spines, ral History, 327 p. Galileo, M.H.M., Martins, U.R. & Moura, L.A. 1993. Sobre o comportamen- sometimes similar to those of anterior tergites; tergite IX very to, ontogenia e morfologia do aparelho reprodutor de Hedypathes short, truncate apically, bearing 1–6 large incurved spines. Legs: betulinus (Klug, 1825) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, each femur with a crown of spines near apex; sometimes tibiae Acanthoderini) a broca da erva-mate. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia with a row of spines; sometimes femora, tibiae and tarsi with 37: 705–715. numerous scattered setae. Spiracles: functional spiracles on Giacomel, F. 1992. Morfologia e comportamento das formas imaturas de Psylotoxus melanospidus Giacomel (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, segments 1–6, sometimes vestigial spiracles on segments 7–8. Lamiinae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 9: 39–45. Lawrence, J. F. 1991. Cerambycidae (Chrysomeloidea), p. 556–561. In: Stehr, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS F.W. (ed.), Immature insects. v. 2, Dubuque, Kendall/Hunt, 975 p. Lorenzi, H., Moreira de Souza, H., Medeiros-Costa, J.T., Coelho de Cerqueira, L.S. & Ferreira, E. 2004. Palmeiras Brasileiras e Exóti- To Antonio Santos-Silva (MZSP) for helping in the identi- cas Cultivadas. Nova Odessa, Editora Plantarum Ltda, 432 p. fication of pupa of Eutrypanus dorsalis and for separating the Marinoni, R.C. 1969. Sôbre a biologia e ontogenia de Oncideres dejeanii adults of the three species to photograph; Carlos Campaner Thomson, 1868 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Boletim da Universi- (MZSP) for identification of Nitidulidae genus and for mount- dade Federal do Paraná 3: 193–201. ing the adult of Eutrypanus dorsalis to photograph; Ubirajara Marinoni, R.C. & Silva, I. 1973. Sobre o desenvolvimento ontogenético de Oncideres saga saga (Dalman, 1823) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). R.M. de Souza for identification of the longhorned beetles; Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 17: 1–8. Luiz Antonio Ferraz Matthes (IAC) for the identification of Mermudes, J.R.M. & Monné, M.L. 2001. Descrição da larva e pupa de the palm; Gabriel Biffi (MZSP) for taking the photographs of Acathoderes (Psapharochrus) melanostica White, 1855 (Coleoptera, the adults and preparing the plate corresponding to Figs. 75– Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Acanthoderini). Revista Brasileira de 80; Juares Fuhrmann (MZSP) for diagramming the first plate. Entomologia 45: 331–334. Monné, M.A. 1998. Notas sobre Acanthocinini Neotropicais (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae): gênero e espécies novas. Revista Brasi- REFERENCES leira de Entomologia 41: 289–295. Monné, M.A. & Bezark, L.G. 2009. Checklist of the Cerambycidae of the Böving, A.G. & Craighead, F.C. 1931. An illustrated synopsis of the prin- Western Hemisphere. Available at: http://www.cerambycoidea.com/ cipal larval forms of the order Coleoptera. Entomologica America- titles/monnebezark2009.pdf (Acessed 1 September 2013). na 11: 1352. Napp, D.S. 1977. Sobre a ontogenia de Oncideres guttulata Thomson, Bruch, C. 1941. Misceláneas entomológicas, VII. Notas del Museo de 1868 (Coleoptera, Cermabycidae, Lamiinae). Revista Brasileira de La Plata 50: 355–359. Entomologia 21: 19–23. Casari, S.A. & Martins, U.R. 2011. Larva of Nealcidion bicristatum (Ba- Penteado-Dias, A.M. 1979. Alguns aspectos da biologia e ontogenia de tes, 1863) (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Acanthocinini). Papéis Avulsos Midanus hecabe (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Onciderini). de Zoologia 51: 499–504. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 23: 9–14. Casari, S.A. & Martins, U.R. 2013. Immatures of Phoebemima ensifera Peterson, A. 1960. Larvae of Insects. An introduction of Nearctic species. Tippmann, 1960 (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Hemilophini). Papéis Part II. Coleoptera, Diptera, Neuroptera, Siphonaptera, Avulsos de Zoologia 53: 295–299. Mecoptera, Trichoptera. Columbus, Edwards Brothers, 416 p. Chapuis, M.F. & Candèze, M.E. 1853. VIII. Catalogue des Larves des Roguet, J.P. 2013. Lamiaires du Monde (Coleoptera Cerambycidae Lamiinae). Coléoptères. connues jusqu’à ce jour avec la description de plusieurs Available at: http://www.lamiinae.org (acessed 1 September 2013). espèces nouvelles. Mémoires de la Société Royale de Sciences de Ruggles, A.G. 1915. The history of Oberea tripunctata Swederus Liège 8: 347–653. (Cerambycidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 8: 79–85. Cosarinsky, M. 1996. Redescription of the immature stages of Oncideres Vitali, F. 2001. 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Received 10 January 2014; accepted 13 May 2014 Associate Editor: Marcela L. Monné

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 58(2): 107–128, June 2014 Immatures of Acanthocinini 123 Continues ad (1923);Peterson Böving & Craighead (1931) Duffy (1960)Duffy Craighead (1923);Duffy (1960); Lawrence (1991)(1960); Lawrence (1960); Lawrence (1991)(1960); Lawrence (1960) USA Craighead (1923);Peterson USA Craighead (1923) USA Craighead (1923) USA Craighead (1923) USA Craighead (1923) Brazil (1960) Duffy Trinidad and Trinidad Tobago (1960) Duffy Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad Brazil (1960) Duffy Canada, USACanada, Craighead (1923) Canada, USACanada, Craighead (1923) Cuba, USA Canada, USACanada, Craighe Canada, USACanada, Craighead (1923) Guatemala (1960) Duffy (= Alnus L. Hicoria L. L. Mimosa L. (Aceraceae); Acer Betula L. L. (Cornaceae); Mill. (Fagaceae) Canada, USA Craighead (1923) Acer L. (Fagaceae); Jacq. (Jacquin) L. (Rosaceae) L. (Fagaceae); (Fagaceae); L. L.(Asteraceae); L. (Cannabaceae); L. (Cannabaceae); Cornus L. (Betulaceae) L. L. (Cannabaceae) Castanea Quercus Prunus Celtis (Aubl.) (Aubl.) R.A.Howard] Quercus Betula L. (Tiliaceae); L. (Tiliaceae); aucuparium Celtis

Borkh.,1803) Craighead (1923) Eupatorium L. (Anacardiaceae); L. (Anacardiaceae); Tilia L. (Altingiaceae); (Altingiaceae); L. (L.)Sarg. (Sargent) (Burseraceae); (Sargent) (L.)Sarg. Rhus tetraphylla Sapium

L. (Moraceae) L. (1923) Craighead (L.) (Anacardiaceae) L. (Fagaceae); (Fagaceae); L. domestica

L. (Fagaceae); (Fagaceae); L. L. (Celastraceae) (Celastraceae) L. L. (Tiliaceae); L. (Tiliaceae); simaruba Miers (Lecythidaceae) Guyana(1960) Duffy

L. (Celastraceae); (Celastraceae); L. Morus Liquidambar Fagus L. (Juglandaceae); (Juglandaceae); L. L. (Altingiaceae) L. Malus mombin Fagus Tilia

L. (Asteraceae); L. (Asteraceae); L. (Altingiaceae); L. (Altingiaceae); Buchenavia Miquel (Fabaceae) Guyana (1960) Duffy Bursera Celastrus L. (Juglandaceae); L. L. (Moraceae); (Moraceae); L. [= [= sagotiana L. (Cannabaceae) USA Craighead (1923) Juglans

Celastrus Mill. (Pinaceae) USA Craighead (1923) Nutt.) (Juglandaceae) Canada, USA Craighead (1923) Spondias Ambrosia Celtis Morus Liquidambar Abies Juglans capitata Liquidambar

Carya sp. (Lauraceae) sp. Brazil(1960) Duffy L. (Asteraceae) L. benthamiana L. (Celastraceae); (Celastraceae); L. Mill. (Fagaceae) Mill. Craighead (1923) Mill. (Fagaceae); (Fagaceae); Mill. Mill. (Fagaceae); (Fagaceae); Mill.

L. (Salicaceae) L. USA (1923) Craighead (= (= Carya Nutt.) (Juglandaceae), Mill. (Altingiaceae); (Altingiaceae); Mill. Nutt.) Carya (Juglandaceae), (= Eschweilera L. (Juglandaceae); L. (Juglandaceae); L. L. (Pinaceae) L. (Pinaceae) USA (1960) Duffy (1923); Craighead L. (Moraceae); L. (Moraceae); sp. (Moraceae) Brazil (1960) Duffy crepitans L. (Euphorbiaceae); L. (Anacardiaceae; Castanea Mill. (Fagaceae); (Fagaceae); Mill. Castanea (Anacardiaceae; L. L. (Tiliaceae); L. (Tiliaceae); Xanthium Juglans Pinus Hicoria Ficus Hura Hicoria Rhus Populus Pinus Ficus Buchenaria Nectandra Swartzia Mill. (Betulaceae); Mill. (Betulaceae); Carya Nutt.) (Juglandaceae); Carya (Juglandaceae); Nutt.) (Combretaceae) (Euphorbiacae); (Betulaceae); (Betulaceae); (Fabaceae); (Fabaceae); (Aceraceae); (Aceraceae); Castanea Celastrus Castanea Castanea Tilia LS L bark of dead L (pars) L L, P branches of breadfruit tree Hawai (1960) Duffy E L, P mature larva; LS, larval skin; P, pupa. skin;LS,larva; mature larval P, (Bates, 1881) L (Horn,1880) (Linnaeus, 1767) L, P (LeConte, 1854) L, P (LeConte, 1852) L under bark of (Haldeman, 1847) Lbark under of (Olivier, 1795) (Olivier, Erichson, 1847 L,P (Gyllenhal,1817) Lapple trees bark of ( living Melzer, 1930 Melzer, L, P (LeConte, 1852) LS (LeConte, 1862) L,P (LeConte, 1850) L (Bates, 1864) L, P of logs (Fabricius, 1775) (Fabricius, L, P Thomson,1860 (Degeer, 1775) (Degeer, L, P (Bates, 1868) L, P Say, 1824 Say, L,P (Villiers, (Villiers, 1980) L trunk decayed Guadeloupe (2001) Vitali (Bates, 1880) (Bates, (Gahan, 1895) L trunk decayed Guadeloupe (2001) Vitali Audinett-Serville, 1835 L, P trunk decayed Brazil Costa et al. (1988) (Haldeman, 1847) L (Bates, 1864) L, P (Say, 1826) (Say, L,P common in chestnut; (Bates, 1863) (Bates, P L, biustus (LeConte, 1873) LS

nebulosus tenebrosus

albidus

incertus obliquus spectabilis nodosus obsoletus

Dillon & Dillon, Dillon & 1953 L,P stems of living araneiformis obsoletus fasciatus triangulifer despectus cana asperus setifer

LeConte, 1852

sp. triangulifer

transversus sp. albocinctus

bispinum deletum

macula collaris parvus fleutiauxi setigera assimilis

biustus

sayi

sp.P L, th described immature forms. E, egg; L, Astylopsis Astylidius Amniscus Astylopsis Acanthocinus Atrypanius Acanthocinus Acanthocinus Acanthocinus Neoeutrypnus Pseudastylopsis Detectes Hyperplatys Lagocheirus Eutrichillus Leptostylus Lagocheirus Hyperplatys Eutrypanus Nealcidion Nealcidion Styloptus Oedopeza Oedopeza Cosmotoma Caphina Graphisurus Graphisurus Graphisurus Graphisurus Graphisurus Trichastylopsis Tuberastyochus (Erichson) (Linnaeus) (LeConte) (Haldeman) Fischer, 1938 Fischer, (Gahan) (Olivier) Melzer (LeConte) (Fabricius) Horn (Say, 1824) (Say, (Degeer) Bates Say Villiers Bates Haldeman undatus (Voet, 1778) (Voet, undatus Say LeConte (LeConte) LeConte Casey, 1913 Casey, Audinett-Serville Bates Bates Bates Say, 1826 Say, assimilis sp. obliquus

spectabilis nodosus obsoletus triangulifer

araneiformis hebes fasciatus triangulifer spinipennis asperus setifer

LeConte sp.

incertus

undatus nebulosus macula parvus biustus aculiferus albidus collaris albocinctus

setiger

fleutiauxi tenebrosus

deletum bispinum

sp. spinosus

Acanthocinus Astyochus Acanthocinus Alcidion Acanthocinus Acanthocinus Acanthocinus Atrypanius Alcidion Eutrypanus Leptostylus Hyperplatys Lagocheirus Dectes Leptostylus Hyperplatys Leptostylus Lagocheirus Leptostylus Leptostylus Leptostyloides Leptostylus Leptostylus Graphisurus Graphisurus Chaetanes Chaetenes Cosmotoma Ceratographus Graphisurus Graphisurus Graphisurus Caphina Name used in original publication original used in Name name Valid Stageplant Host Distribution Reference Appendix I.Appendix SpeciesLamiinae of Americanwi Tribe Acanthocinini Tribe

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 58(2): 107–128, June 2014 124 Casari & Teixeira Continues Duffy (1960) Duffy Duffy (1960) Duffy Duffy (1960) Duffy Craighead (1923)Craighead Craighead (1923)Craighead USA Craighead (1923) Venezuela USA Craighead (1923) USA Craighead (1923) Puerto Rico (1960) Duffy Paraguay (1960) Duffy Tobago, and Trinidad Brazil (1960) Duffy Trinidad and Trinidad Brazil Tobago,Guyana, Guyana (1960) Duffy Canada, USACanada, (1923) Craighead Guyana Guyana (1960) Duffy Canada, USA Canada, Guyana (1960) Duffy Canada, USACanada, (1923) Craighead L. L. L. F. Mu el l.) (Triana & (Triana (L.) Celtis L. D. Dietr. Castanea alba

Ampelopsis Diospyros Celastrus (Rosaceae)L. USA (1923) Craighead saman

insigne L. (Moraceae); L.

Cornus Enterolobium (= Carya Nutt.) triacanthos Mill. (Fagaceae); Mill. (Griseb.) P.Wilson

L. (Celastraceae) L. Prunus Prosopolis Oxydendron Albizia Morus Protium Hicoria (= (= F.Muell.) (Fabaceae) F.Muell.) Müll. (Euphorbiaceae) Arg. and Tobago, Trinidad praecox

Mill. Mill. (Fagaceae) Castanea Gleditsia Mill. (Rosaceae) L. (Moraceae); L. (Moraceae); Mill. (Rosaceae) Celastrus L. (Aceraceae); (Aceraceae); L. saman saman L. (Juglandaceae); (Juglandaceae); L.

L. (Aceraceae); (Aceraceae); L. Nutt.) (Juglandaceae); (Juglandaceae); Nutt.) Acer Malus Malus (Sw.) Laness. (Lauraceae) Laness. (Sw.) Guyana (1960) Duffy Morus (Rhizophoraceae)L. USA (1923) Craighead Acer L. (Cornaceae); (Cornaceae); L. Castanea triplinerva

(Bertol.) Kuntze (Bertol.)(Araucariaceae) Kuntze Brazil Zajciw (1964) Carya Albizia Juglans Mill. (Fagaceae); Mill.(Fagaceae); L. (Ulmaceae); L. (Ulmaceae); L. (Juglandaceae); L. (Juglandaceae); (= (= Carya Nutt.) (Juglandaceae); (= (= (= (Pinaceae)L. USA (1923) Craighead (Ebenaceae); (Ebenaceae); mangle Cornus

(Griseb.) Taub. (Fabaceae); (Fabaceae); Taub. (Griseb.) L. (Betulaceae); (Betulaceae); L. leucoxylon Gossypiospermum

Ulmus Pinus Juglans Alchornea Castanea Hicoria saman

Hicoria L. (Fagaceae); L. (Fagaceae); angustifolia (Benth.) Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) Arg. Müll. (Benth.) (Molina) Molina (Fabaceae); (Fabaceae); Molina (Molina)

Betula L. (Rosaceae); L. (Rosaceae); Robinibia Ocotea Miers (Lecythidaceae) Guyana (1960) Duffy L. (Moraceae); (Moraceae); L. Miers (Lecythidaceae) Guyana (1960) Duffy L. (Celastraceae); L. (Celastraceae); L. (Fabaceae); L. (Fabaceae); L. (Cannabaceae); (Cannabaceae); L. Willd. (Burseraceae) Willd. Scop. (Betulaceae); Scop. (Betulaceae); Rhizophora caven

(= (= amorphoides

(R.O.Williams) Beard (Rutaceae); (Rutaceae); Beard (R.O.Williams) Quercus Splitg. (Clusiaceae) Guyana (1960) Duffy (Hooker & Arnott) & (Hooker (Anacardiaceae) Chile (1960) Duffy (Euphorbiaceae) Brazil (1960) Duffy (Vell.) Morong (Mimosaceae); (Vell.) Prunus Morus Celtis Araucaria floribunda Savi (Fabaceae) Savi Mexico (1923) Craighead

(Fabaceae) Raf. (Bojer) Robinia Ostrya (Bentham) (Fabaceae); Saman (Fabaceae); (Bentham) sagotiana sagotiana Celastrus sp. (Malvaceae/Bombacaceae) sp. Guyana (1960) Duffy sp. (Fabaceae)

Acacia Pithecolobium rhoifolia Michx. (Vitaceae); (Vitaceae); Michx.

caustica Mill. (Fagaceae); Mill.(Fagaceae); Manihot Vigna Gleditsia regia

L. (Fagaceae); L. (Fagaceae); sp. (Annonaceae); (Annonaceae); sp.

trinitensis acutangula L. (Juglandaceae); (Juglandaceae); L. L. (Juglandaceae); (Juglandaceae); L.

grandflora

L. (Ulmaceae); (Ulmaceae); L. excelsa L. (Aubl.) Marchand; A. Dietr. (Pinaceae); (Pinaceae); A. Dietr. L. (Pinaceae) L. (Cannabaceae) USA (1923) Craighead

L. (Anacardiaceae); L. (Anacardiaceae); L. (Aceraceae) Alchorneopsis Ampelopsis Acer Juglans Juglans Lithraea Rollinia Fagara Nyssa Delonix Eschweilera Pterocarpus Rhus Picea Pinus Mora Michx.(Vitaceae) Planch.) Engl. (Burseraceae); (Burseraceae); Engl. Planch.) contortisiliquum Mill. (Fagaceae); (Fagaceae); Mill. (Ebenaceae); (Ebenaceae); (Flacourtiaceae) Quercus (Ericaceae); (Ericaceae); (Celastraceae); (Celastraceae); (Fabaceae); (Fabaceae); (Cornaceae); (Cornaceae); (Juglandaceae); (Juglandaceae); (Fabaceae); (Fabaceae); (Cannabaceae); (Cannabaceae); Ocotea Castanea Catostemma Celtis Trattinickia Clusia Ulmus L L L L L L L, P L, P L, P of fruits LS L, P (Erichson, 1847) (Horn, 1880) L seeds ( of mangrove Bates, Bates, 1881 L, P (Fleutiaux & Sallé, (LeConte, 1852) L, P Lameere, 1884 Lameere, Buquet L (Bates, 1861) (Bates, (Gyllenhal, 1817) (Lameere, 1884) L, P stems of (Haldeman, 1847) L (Bates, 1863) (Bates, L of Solanaceae probably, branches, Brazil & Martins Casari (2011) (Haldeman, 1847) (Haldeman, L (Say, 1826) (Say, L (Swederus, 1787) L Bates, 1885 Bates, Lof seeds (Schaeffer, 1905) (Schaeffer, (Haldeman, 1847) L (Fischer, 1938) (Fischer, L,P fallen trunk of Gilmour, 1962 Gilmour, L, P Eschweilera (Fabricius, 1787) (Fabricius, L, P Bates, 1864 Bates, Blanchard, 1851 Blanchard, L (Fabricius, 1801) (Fabricius, Lane, 1957 L, P (LeConte, 1852) (LeConte, serpentinum (Germar, 1824) (Germar, L

pini (Fitch, 1858) (Fitch, L, P (Say, 1827) (Say,

lateralis juno

terraecolor aculeatus modestus fulveolus daviesi

haldemani

timbouvae

notatus variegatus irrorellus

bicristatum

elaineae pulcher latifrons

sexguttatus figuratus punctatus alpha

sejunctimacula symmetricus ocellator

signatus querci guadeloupensis

sp. seniculus

Xylergates Xylergates Astyleiopus Atrypanius Aegomorphus Alcidion Aegomorhpus Acanthoderes Astylopsis Psapharochrus Psapharochrus Lepturges Nyssodrysina Hyletus Nealcidion Nyssodrysternum Pseudastylopsis Leptostylopsis Lepturges Lophopoeum Sternidius Sternidius Oedopeza Oectropsis Trypanidius Toronaeus Tropidozineus 1889) Urgleptes Urgleptes Urgleptes Audinet- (Audinet- Fleutiaux& Bates Fischer, 1917 Fischer, Lameere Buquet Lameere,1885 Horn Say Haldeman, 1847 Haldeman, (Haldeman) (Bates) Bates Dejean ?) Dejean (LeConte) (Swederus) Bates Blanchard LeConte Fisher (Dejean) Haldeman (Haldeman, 1847) Bates, 1864 Bates, Fitch Melzer, 1931 Melzer, Schaeffer hilaris aculeatus lateralis juno daviesi decipiens

timbouvae

Say

melancholicus pini terraecolor sexguttatus bicristatum

praetor

latifrons haldemani ophthalmica deleta

figuratus sp. ( spermophagus querci sejunctimacula signatus guadeloupensis symmetricus pogonocheroides

sp. prolixus

punctatus variegatus alpha

Xylergates Xylergates Acanthoderes Acanthoderes Aegomorphus Acanthoderes Acanthoderes Lepturges Liopus Liopus Lophopoeum Lepturges Lepturges Lepturges Nyssodrys Nyssodrys Nealcidion Lepturges Probatius Lepturges Liopus Nyssodrys Leptostylus Leptostylus Leptostylus Serville, 1835 Oedopeza Oectropsis Serville, 1835) Sallé Ozineus Toronaeus Trypanidius Name used in original usedName publication name Valid Stage Host plant Distribution Reference Appendix I. Continued.Appendix I. Tribe Acanthoderini

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 58(2): 107–128, June 2014 Immatures of Acanthocinini 125 Continues Lawrence (1991) Lawrence (1993) Chapuis & Candèze (1853); Chapuis & Candèze (1960) (1923); Duffy Craighead Craighead (1923); Duffy (1960) (1960); (1960); Peterson USA Craighead (1923) USA Craighead (1923) USA Craighead (1923) Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago, and Trinidad Mexico, Tobago Trinidad and Tobago and Trinidad (1960) Duffy Guyana (1960) Duffy Guyana, Ecuador, Brazil Canada, USA, Trinidad and USA, Trinidad Canada, Guyana (1960) Duffy Costa Rica, BrazilCosta Rica, (1960) Duffy L. (L.) sp. L. Aubl. Acer botrys

Prosopis L. guianensis

Pterocarpus Castanea L. (Sterculiaceae) L. Tobago and Trinidad (1960) Duffy Dysphania mombin Sw. (Moraceae); Sw.

L. (Tiliaceae); L. (Tiliaceae); Piratinera sp. (Bombacaceae) sp. Argentina Brazil, Venezuela, (1960) Duffy Tilia Sterculia Spondias Mill. (Fabaceae); (Fabaceae); Mill. alicastrum

M. Roem. (Meliaceae) Roem. M. (Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb. (Myristicaceae) Warb. Rottb.) ex (Rol. Bombax (Aubl.) Marchand; Marchand; (Aubl.) L. (Betulaceae); (Betulaceae); L. L. (Salicaceae) USA Craighead (1923) L. (Verbenaceae) Mexico (1960) Duffy Acacia Salix Betula L. (Fagaceae); (Fagaceae); L. Brosimum mexicana camara

decadrum L. (Chenopodiaceae (=

) Cerv. (Moraceae) ) Cerv.

St. Hil. (Aquifoliaceae)St. Brazil al. et Galileo (1960); Duffy L. (Asteraceae) USA Craighead (1923); Duffy surinamensis

Aubl. (Malvaceae); (Malvaceae); Aubl. Fagus L. (Euphorbiaceae); L. (Euphorbiaceae); botrys Mattick (Anacardiaceae); (Jacq.) Sw. (Cucurbitaceae) Sw. (Jacq.)

Benth. (Fabaceae) Benth. Tobago and Trinidad (1960) Duffy Cedrela L. (Salicaceae) L. Castilla Protium Lantana sp. (Malvaceae) Jacq. (Fabaceae) Guyana Duffy (1960) Virola ulei sp. (Lauraceae) Brazil (1960) Duffy Tul. (Fabaceae); (Fabaceae); Tul.

sp. (Anacardiaceae); sp. (Anacardiaceae); edule Ambrosia (= (= aquatica

L. (Fagaceae); L. (Fagaceae); L. (Salicaceae); L. (Salicaceae);

Nyssa Mill. (Fabaceae) USA Craighead (1923)

excelsa (Rutaceae)L. plantations Brazil Zajciw (1975) crepidans sp. (Moraceae); (Moraceae); sp.

paraguariensis L. (Tiliaceae) logs(Tiliaceae) L. USA Canada, (1923) Craighead

Astronium Acacia Ilex Ficus Nectandra Mora Living Populus Hura Pachira Pterocarpus Spondias Sechium Mill.(Fagaceae); Mill.(Fagaceae); Mosyakin&Clemants) (Amaranthaceae) Mosyakin&Clemants) (Fabaceae) (Aceraceae); (Aceraceae); (Fabaceae); (Moraceae); Quercus (Anacardiaceae) Cercidium Catostemma Tilia Citrus Chenopodium Castilloa L L L L Brazil (1960) Duffy L L L, P L, L, P Costa Rica (1960) Duffy (Bates, 1862) (Bates, L (White, 1855) L, P trunk decayed Brazil Mermudes & Monné (2001) (Say, 1835) (Say, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bates, 1880) L, P Costa Rica (1960) Duffy (Olivier, 1795) (Olivier, L, P Aurivillius, 1908 Bates, 1885 Bates, L branches of (Germar, 1824) (Germar, E, L, P (Thunberg, 1822) L Thomson, 1864 (Uhler,1855) (Linnaeus, 1758) E, L, P (Klug, 1825) E, L, P (Linnaeus,1758) L (Linnaeus, 1767) (Fabricius, 1801)(Fabricius, L, P stems of (Voet, 1778) (Voet, L, P Bates, 1880 Bates, L(Cucurbitaceae) curcubit vine Guatemala Craighead(1923) (Pascoe, 1859) L Brazil Duffy (1960) Newman, Newman, 1842 Pascoe, 1866 Pascoe, lacordairei (Sulzer, 1776)(Sulzer, L E, Lacordaire, 1872 L, P Brazil Duffy (1960)

(LeConte, 1873) L melanosticus trochlearis accentifer

glauca (LeConte,1862) L, P morrisii quadrigibba geometrica

sp. L, P (Haldeman, 1847) crassus championi

.) stolata betulinus meridionale stellio breve marmorata scrupulosus

sp. L Guyana Duffy (1960)

O longimanus surinamum

leminiscata

hypsiomoides ( longimana

nubila acuta concolor thomsonii

analis subellipticus

Achryson Acrocinus Acanthoderes Acanthoderes Aerenicopsis Aegomorphus Adetus Adetus Macropophora Hedypathes Macropophora Pseudaethomerus Dryoctenes Psapharochrus Phaula Hipposis Bebelis Priscilla Steirastoma Steirastoma Steirastoma Steirastoma Spalacopsis Oplosia Onychocerus Oreodera Geropa Cathexis Colobothea ) Say (Linnaeus) (Olivier) (Thunberg) Aurivillius Bates (Germar) Bates Thomson Uhler (Linnaeus) (Klug) (Linnaeus) (Linnaeus) (Fabricius) (Voet) Bates (Pascoe) Newman LeConte Pascoe (Sulzer) Lacordaire LeConte trochlearis accentifer Pascoe, 1875 Pascoe, Thomson, 1857 Psapharochrus

glauca quadrigibbus morrisii

sp. (

crassus championi

lacordairei .) stolata betulinus stellio meridionale marmoratum breve scrupulosus

White

sp.

O longimanus surinamum concolor

nubila acuta leminiscata longimana

hypsiomoides (

thomsonii muticus subellipticus

Achryson Achryson Acrocinus Acanthoderes Aerenicopsis Acanthoderes Aethomerus Acanthoderes Acanthoderes Adetus Adetus Macropophora Hedypathes Hoplosia Macropophora Dryoctenes Phaula Hipposis Dorcasta Priscilla Steirastoma Steirastoma Steirastoma Steirastoma Spalacopsis melanostica Onychocerus Oreodera Cathexia Colobothea Name used in original publication original used in Name name Valid Stage plant Host Distribution Reference Appendix I. Continued. Tribe AchrysoniniTribe Tribe Acrocinini Tribe Tribe Anisocerini Tribe Tribe Aerenicini Tribe Tribe Apomycinini Tribe Tribe Agapanthini Tribe Tribe ColobotheiniTribe

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 58(2): 107–128, June 2014 126 Casari & Teixeira Continues Lawrence (1991)Lawrence Craighead (1923) Craighead (1923); (1960)Duffy Craighead (1923) Craighead (1923) USA Craighead (1923) USA Craighead (1923) USA, Trinidad and Mexico, USA Craighead (1923) USA Craighead (1923) USA Craighead (1923) Brazil (1960) Duffy USA Craighead (1923) Bolivia Casari & Martins(2013) Canada, USACanada, Craighead (1923) Tobago Canada, USACanada, Craighead (1923) Acer L. L. L. Rhus Fagus Robinia L. deodar

L. Mill. (Pinaceae)USA Canada, (1960); Craighead(1923); Peterson L. (Platanaceae) L. L. (Cannabaceae); L. Amelanchier Scop. (Betulaceae); Cedrus Abies Adans (Annonaceae) Adans L. (Moraceae); L. (Celastraceae); L. (Celastraceae); Euonymus Juglans Celtis Nutt.)(Juglandaceae); L. (Grossulariaceae) Ostrya Platanus Morus Asimina L. (Altingiaceae); Willd.) Willd.) (Fabaceae) Canada Craighead (1923) Ribes Carya (L.) D. Don ex Steud. (Moraceae) Steud. ex Don D. (L.) Celastrus L. (Magnoliaceae); D. Dietr. (Ericaceae); Dietr. D. (= (= Mill. (Fagaceae); (Fagaceae); Mill. sp. (Mimosacea) candida

(= Carya Nutt.) (Juglandaceae); tinctoria

Raf. (Moraceae) Raf. USA(1923) Craighead L. L. (Cornaceae); L. L. (Solanaceae) Peru (1960) Duffy L. (Betulaceae); L. (Ulmaceae); Inga Hicoria Liquidambar L. (Tiliaceae) A. Dietr. (Pinaceae); (Pinaceae); Dietr. A. A. Dietr. (Pinaceae); (Pinaceae); Dietr. A. L. (Caprifoliaceae); (Caprifoliaceae); L. Dalea Mill.(Betulaceae); Mill.(Betulaceae); L. (Oleaceae); L. (Oleaceae); Oxydendron Liriodendron Castanea Hicoria Maclura Cornus Tilia Toxylon L. (Cornaceae); L. (Fabaceae); L. (Fabaceae); Nutt.) (Juglandaceae); Nutt.) Ulneus (= (= Mill. (Fagaceae) Mill. Picea Picea Carpinus Alnus (= (= paniculata

(Benth.); (Benth.); Nutt.) (Juglandaceae) USA Craighead (1923) Lonicera L. (Aceraceae) Carya Fraxinus Cercis Parry Carrière ex (Pinaceae) Cornus (Salicaceae)L. USA Craighead (1923) candida L. (Pinaceae) USA Canada, Craighead (1923)

L. (Moraceae), rubber stems Brazil, Guatemala (1960) Duffy tinctoria Acer Castanea

Carya tubulosa L. (Celastraceae); L. (Celastraceae); Mill. (Fagaceae); Mill. (Fagaceae); Nicotiana

L. (Fagaceae); L. (Fagaceae); L. (Fagaceae), L. (Fagaceae); L. (Fagaceae); L. (Fagaceae) (= Carya Nutt.) (Juglandaceae) USA Canada, Craighead (1923) Raf. Raf. (= (= (= L. (Fagaceae); L. (Fagaceae); L. (Cornaceae); L. (Cornaceae); L. (Moraceae); L. (Moraceae); L. (Moraceae); L. (Moraceae); L. (Moraceae); L. (Moraceae); L. (Moraceae) USA Craighead (1923) torreyana strobus Populus carica L. (Pinaceae); (Pinaceae); L. L. (Pinaceae) L. USA(1960)(1923); Craighead Duffy L. (Pinaceae); (Pinaceae); L. L. (Pinaceae) L. USA Canada, (1923) Craighead

L. (Fagaceae); (Fagaceae); L.

L. (Moraceae); (Moraceae); L. Morus Hicoria Fagus Ficus Pinus Pinus Pinus Ficus Hicoria Morus Pinus Pinus Morus Pinus Petalostemon Morus Hicoria Samanea Medik. (Rosaceae) L. (Aceraceae); (Aceraceae); L. (Juglandaceae); (Roxb.) G. Don (Pinaceae) (Roxb.) (Fagaceae); (Fagaceae); (Fabaceae); (Fabaceae); (Anacardiaceae); (Celastraceae); (Celastraceae); Quercus Quercus Quercus Quercus Quercus Chlorophora Cornus Cornus Celastrus Castanea L E, L, P L, E, L, P L, E, L, P L, E, L L, P L, L L, P L, L, P L, L Linsley & Linsley Kirby, 1837 Kirby, L balsamUSA Canada, (1923) Craighead (LeConte, (Say, 1824) (Say, L, P (Say, 1823) (Say, L, P (Linnaeus, (Say, 1824) (Say, L, P (Haldeman, (Fabricius, (Say, 1826) (Say, L Tippmann, 1960 (Drury, 1773) (Drury, L, P (Olivier,1795) L (Fabricius, 1792) (Fabricius, L living LeConte, 1873 Uhler, 1855 Uhler, L (LeConte, 1862) LeConte, 1852 LeConte, P L, (Haldeman,1847) L, P (Linnaeus, 1758) L (Haldeman,1847) powersi Gmelin, 1790 L, P Melzer, 1932 Melzer, Lof stems clamator .) .) (Haldeman, 1847) L, P . trilineatus nigrum wildii alternatum M titillator scutellatus marmorator c notatus

ensifera

cinerea

(Degeer, 1775) (Degeer, (Haldeman, 1847) L, P

( pauper tomentosus scalator LeConte, 1852 LeConte, P L, supernotatus

oculatus vilicornis

scalatus farinosus

pygmaeus

albocincta

pulcher tesselatus pulvurulentus debilis tigrinus

Eupogonius Neoptychodes Plectrodera Monochamus Microgoes Monochamus Eupogonius Monochamus Monochamus Estola Dorcashema Phoebemima Monochamus Megacyllene Eucrossus Dorcaschema Dorcaschema Psenocerus Dorcaschema Chemsak, 1963 Goes Goes Goes Goes Taeniotes Cyrtinus Taeniotes Goes 1771) 1847) 1775) 1852) Kirby (Say) (Say) (Say) (Haldeman) (Olivier, 1790) (Olivier, Kirby, 1837 Kirby, (Fabricius) (Say) Tippmann Linnaeus (Fabricius) LeConte Uhler Say, 1826 Say, (Haldeman) (Haldeman) (Fabricius, 1781) (Fabricius, Melzer Olivier Leconte, 1850 (Haldeman) nigrum wildii alternatum titillator scutellatus marmorator maculosus confusor LeConte ensifera

(Degeer)

(Haldeman)

vestitus tomentosus scalator LeConte supernotatus

trilineatus vilicornis

cinerea

scalaris pulverulentus

pygmaeus

infausta

albocincta

tigrinus pulcher tesselatus pulvurulentus oculatus debilis

Eupogonius Plectrodera Ptychodes Monochamus Monochamus Eupogonius Estola Phoebemima Monochamus Monochamus Psenocerus Hetoemis Monochamus Eucrossus Dorcaschema Dorcaschema Dorcaschema Haldeman,1847 Goes Goes Goes Goes Goes Goes Taeniotes Cyrtinus Taeniotes Cyllene Name usedName in original publicationname Valid Stage Host plant Distribution Reference Appendix I. Continued. Tribe DesmiphoriniTribe Tribe Lamiini Tribe Tribe HemilophiniTribe Tribe Cyrtinini Tribe Tribe Clytini Tribe Tribe HesperophaniniTribe Tribe Dorcaschematini Tribe

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 58(2): 107–128, June 2014 Immatures of Acanthocinini 127 Continues Peterson (1960); (1991)Peterson Lawrence Lawrence (1991) Lawrence Duffy (1960)Duffy USA Ruggles (1915); Craighead (1923); USA (1923) Craighead USA (1960);(1923); Craighead Peterson USA (1923) Craighead USA (1923) Craighead USA (1923) Craighead USA (1923) Craighead USA (1923) Craighead Brazil Marinoni (1969) BrazilBrazil (1960) Duffy (1960) Duffy Canada, USACanada, (1923) Craighead Mill. Cornus Abies Mill. L. (Salicaceae); L. L. (Cornaceae) L. L. L. (Cornaceae); Mill. (Fabaceae); Mill. L. (Ebenaceae); Malus Mill. (Pinaceae); Mill. Nees (Chenopodiaceae) USA Craighead (1923) Nyssa L. (Ulmaceae); (Ulmaceae); L. Cornus Cornus Acacia Abies (L.) Morong)(L.) (Euphorbiaceae) Diospyros Mill. (Fagaceae); Mill. (Fagaceae); Ulmus Sarcobatus Phil.) (Apiaceae) (Bosq, 1942)(Apiaceae) Phil.) Argentina (1960) Duffy (Rhamnaceae) L. Brazil(1974) Zajciw Mill. (Rosaceae); Mill. Castanea L. (Rosaceae) L. L. (Salicaceae); L. (Salicaceae); glandulosum

L. (Fabaceae); L. (Fabaceae); L. (Ulmaceae); L. (Ulmaceae); compacta

persica L. (Aceraceae) USA (1923) Craighead

Rhamnus (Bentham) Small; Small; (Bentham) Pyrus L. (Fabaceae); L. (Fabaceae); L. (Rosaceae); (Rosaceae); L. Cydonia Populus Sapium Ulmus Acer Pinus Gleditsia (= Azorella (L.) Carrière (Pinaceae); Carrière (Pinaceae); (L.) Nutt.) (Juglandaceae); (Juglandaceae); Nutt.) Willd. (Fabaceae)Willd. Brazil Marinoni (1973) & Silva L.; L.; (= Acacia caven) Molina (Fabaceae) Molina caven) Acacia (= Brazil Napp (1977) (= (= Prosopis L. (Ericaceae) USA (1923) Craighead fleuxicaulis (Magnoliaceae);

Amygdalus Carya yareta L. (Fabaceae); undetermined Myrtacae L. (Fabaceae); Brazil (1992) Giacomel L. (Fabaceae) L.

(Salicaceae)L. USA (1923) Craighead cavenia decurrens (= glandulatum

canadenses communis L. (Rosaceae); (Rosaceae); L. Mill. (Rosaceae); (Rosaceae); Mill. L. (Ulmaceae); (Ulmaceae); L.

L. (Polemoniaceae) L. USA(1923) Craighead Mill. (Betulaceae); Mill. A. Dietr. (Pinaceae) Dietr. A.

L. (Asteraceae) L. L. (Anacardiaceae) L. USA(1923) Craighead L. (Salicaceae) L. L. (Salicaceae); (Salicaceae); L. L. (Tiliaceae); (Tiliaceae); L. Aster Azorella Acacia Alnus Acacia Populus Rhus Rhododendron Picea Phlox Rubus Malus Liriodendron Pinus Prosopis Bauhinia Hicoria Sapium Salix Salix Siderocarpas L. (Cornaceae) L. (Rosaceae); (Rosaceae); (Pinaceae) Tsuga Tilia Ulmus L L, P L L L, P Argentina Bruchi (1941); Cosarinsky (1996) L L Thomson, 1868 L,P Martins & Galileo, 1990 L, P (Germar, 1824) (Germar, L, P Paraguay Duffy (1960) (Lucas, 1857) L, P Brazil Duffy (1960) (Olivier, 1792) (Olivier, L Mannerheim,1852 (Swederus, 1787) L Haldeman, 1847 (Say, 1826) (Say, L, P (Randall, 1838) L, P (Drury, 1773) (Drury, L, P Thomson, 1868 L, P Thomson, 1868 (Dillon & Dillon, 1945) L, P Brazil (1979) Penteado-Dias (Swederus, 1787)(Swederus, P L, Prunus (Rosaceae); L. Thomson,1868 Audinet-Serville, 1835 L Melzer, 1933 Melzer, E,L Thomson, 1868 (Fabricius, 1801) (Fabricius, L,P liana unknown Guyana (1960) Duffy (LeConte, 1852) L (Fabricius, 1792) (Fabricius, P L, sassafras(Lauraceae) living young USA(1923) Craighead LeConte, 1852 L Bates, 1865 Bates, L Lauraceae Brazil (1960) Duffy Haldeman, 1847 L (Say, 1824) (Say, Haldeman, 1847 L ulcerosa (Dalman, 1823) L, P fasciatus vittata Haldeman, 1847 L, P

Plavilstshikov, 1926 Plavilstshikov,

.) .) geuxi hecabe griseocinctus inexpectatus bruchi

gibbera dejeanii germarii guttulata putatur saga digna cingulata spinicauda

monticola

sp. L girdledtwigsof

(

verrucosa

quadricornis globifera

tripunctata schaumii ocellata ruficollis flavipes myops perspicillata caseyi pergrata

Jamesia Mecas Evodinus Lochmaeocles Phryneta Psyllotoxus Midamiella Metacmaeops Hypsioma Ecthoea Psyllotoxus Plectrura Synaphaeta Schreiteria Oberea Oberea Oberea Oberea Oberea Oberea Oncideres Oberea Oberea Oncideres Oncideres Oncideres Oncideres Oncideres Oncideres Oncideres Oncideres Lucas fasciata Giacomel, 1991 Giacomel, ) Thomson (Germar) Thomson,1868 (Olivier) Mannerheim (Say) (Drury) Thomson Thomson Olivier, 1795 Olivier, Fabricius, 1793 Fabricius, Thomson Randall Audinet-Serville Casey, 1913 Casey, Melzer Thomson Newman, 1841 Newman, (Fabricius) (LeConte) Dillon & Dillon (Fabricius) LeConte, Haldeman (Say) Haldeman aegrota ulcerosa (Dalman) Haldeman .) .) geuxi griseocinctus melanospidus bruchi Lochmaeocles O

directa gibbera

dejeanii germarii guttulata putatur saga cingulata

spinicauda

hecabe

(

( sp.

verrucosa

quadricornis globifera monticola

tripunctata ocellata ruficollis schaumii myops bimaculata ferruginea flavipes

pergrata

Acmaeops Jamesia Mecas Pachyta Phryneta Psyllotoxus Psyllotoxus Midamus Hypsioma Ecthoea Plectrura Synophoeta Schreiteria Oberea Oberea Oberea Oberea Oberea Oncideres Oncideres Oncideres Oberea Oberea Oberea Oncideres Oncideres Oncideres Oncideres Oncideres Oncideres Oncideres Name used original publicationin name Valid Stage Host plant Distribution Reference Appendix I. Continued. Tribe Phytoeciini Tribe Tribe PhrynetiniTribe Tribe LepturiniTribe Tribe Mesosini Tribe Tribe Onciderini Tribe ParmeniniTribe

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 58(2): 107–128, June 2014 128 Casari & Teixeira Duffy (1960)Duffy Duffy (1960)Duffy Duffy (1960)Duffy Craighead (1923);Peterson (1960); (1991) Lawrence Craighead (1923);Peterson (1960); (1991) Lawrence USA Craighead (1923) USA, CanadaUSA, (1923) Craighead USA Craighead (1923) USA Craighead (1923) USA Craighead (1923) Trinidad andTrinidad Tobago USA Craighead (1923) Canada, USA Craighead (1923) Canada, USA Craighead (1923) Canada Craighead (1923) Guyana (1960) Duffy Canada, USA Craighead (1923); (1960) Duffy Guyana, Trinidad Guyana, and Tobago Canada, USA Craighead (1923) L. sp. Inga L. Tourn. Prosopis adiantifolia

Prunus Siebold & Siebold L. (Tiliaceae); L. L. (Tiliaceae); Crataegus Tilia Tilia sp. (Fabaceae), (Fabaceae), sp. L. (Fabaceae); L. (Fabaceae); Paulownia Chamaecrista L. (Rosaceae) L. USA (1923) Craighead L. (Fagaceae); L. (Fagaceae); (= Eperua (L.) Batsch; Pyrus Robinia L. (Juglandaceae) USA Canada, Craighead (1923) L. (Ulmaceae); (Ulmaceae); L. persica Quercus

L. (Aceraceae); (Aceraceae); L. Juglans pteridophylla Ulmus

Prunus Acer (Linnaeus)L. (Rhizophoraceae) USA Craighead (1923) Michx. Michx. (Vitaceae) L. (Fagaceae); (Fagaceae); L. (= (= Cassia Mill. (Fagaceae); (Fagaceae); Mill. L. (Oleaceae); L. (Oleaceae); mangle L. L. (Salicaceae) (= Carya Nutt.) (Juglandaceae); (Juglandaceae); Carya Nutt.) (=

Quercus A. Dietr. (Pinaceae) A. Dietr. A. Dietr. (Pinaceae) A. Dietr. USA Craighead (1923) Ampelopsis Salix Amydalus Castanea Hicoria Fraxinus Picea Picea Torr. & A. A. & Gray (Salicaceae) Torr. Rizophora L. (Cannabaceae); (Cannabaceae); L. Nutt.) (Juglandaceae); L. (Boraginaceae) Chapuis Candèze (1853)& Benth. (Fabaceae); Benth. (Fabaceae); E. James (Pinaceae) E. James Celtis Michx. (Vitaceae) USA Craighead (1923) Carya L. (Apocynaceae) Mill. (Fagaceae); (Fagaceae); Mill. sp. (Convolvulaceae) trichocarpa vulgare L. (Fagaceae) L. USA (1923) Craighead (Myrtaceae)L. Brazil (1960) Duffy L. (Fagaceae); (Fagaceae); L. L. (Salicaceae); (Salicaceae); L.

L. (Salicaceae) L. USA Canada, (= (= (= Carya Nutt.) (Juglandaceae); Nutt.) Carya (=

L. L. (Rosaceae) ex Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae); Benth.) H.S.ex Irwin & (Fabaceae); Barneby flexilis Mill. (Rosaceae); Mill. (Rosaceae); L. (Ulmaceae) L. USA Canada, Craighead (1923) excelsa Salix L. (Salicaceae) USA Craighead (1923) Mill. (Betulaceae) Mill. A. Dietr. (Pinaceae) A. Dietr. USA Craighead (1923) L. (Pinaceae); L. (Pinaceae); L. (Pinaceae); L. (Pinaceae);

L. (Salicaceae) L. (Salicaceae); USA Craighead (1923) L. (Aceraceae)L. USA (1923) Craighead L. (Aceraceae); L. (Aceraceae); sp. (Fabaceae) sp. L.(Tiliaceae)USA Canada, Acer Alnus Ampelopsis Asclepias Acer Dying Picea Pinus Pinus Populus Echium Malus Hicoria Ipomoea Psidium Pinus Populus Inga Prunus Mora Hicoria Populus Zucc.(Scrophulariaceae); Salix Salix Spruce (Fabaceae); (Fabaceae); Quercus (Rosaceae) Quercus (Rosaceae) Castanea Tilia Ulmus L, P L, L L, P L, L L L P L, L, P L, L LeConte, 1850 L (Forster, 1771) (Forster, (LeConte, 1873) L LeConte, 1852 P L, Thomson, 1857 L (Schaeffer, 1908) (Schaeffer, Haldeman, 1847 Buquet, 1853 Buquet, Say, 1824 Say, L Buquet, 1853 L, P (Haldeman, 1847) (Haldeman, (Schaeffer, 1905) (Schaeffer, L (Drury, 1773)(Drury, L, P Olivier, 1795 Olivier, L, P Fabricius, 1798 Fabricius, L, P Say, 1824 Say, L, P Fabricius, 1781 Fabricius, L (Say, 1827) (Say, Say, 1824 Say, Fabricius, 1775 Fabricius, L Fabricius, 1787Fabricius, L, P Say, 1826 Say, Felt & Joutel, Felt 1904 L, P crinitus LeConte, 1850

Say, 1824 Say, L Joutel, 1902 Joutel, L parvulus pencillatus mixtus sp.

(Say, 1831) (Say, L, P angustata grandini spinosa Breuning, 1961 Breuning, P L, of seeds mangrove

negundo californicus tetrophthalmus

candida inornata discoidea obliqua puncticollis tridentata virescens vestita hornii imitans lateralis moesta calcarata transversifrons spp. L

dasycerus crypta falli monostigma

Ataxia Ataxia Pogonocherus Pogonocherus Pogonocherus Poliaenus Lophopogonius Poliaenus Pogonocherus Ecyrus Polyraphis Polyraphis Phaea Polyraphis Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Tapeina Tetraopes Schaeffer LeConte (Forster) Schaeffer Thomson Casey, 1913 Casey, LeConte Haldeman Buquet Say Buquet (Drury) Olivier Fabricius Say Fabricius LeConte, 1852 LeConte, (Say) Fabricius Fabricius Say Felt & Joutel Felt LeConte LeConte, 1862 Say Joutel salicola pencillatus californicus negundo crinitus mixtus Fall, 1907 Fall, sp.

(Say) angustata grandini spinosa

tetrophthalmus

concolor discoidea obliqua puncticollis tridentata virescens vestita hornii imitans lateralis moesta candida calcarata transversifrons spp.

jucunda

dasycerus crypta sulcata

Ataxia Ataxia Pogonocherus Pogonocherus Pogonocherus Pogonocherus Pogonocherus Ecyrus Pogonocherus Pogonocherus Polyraphis Polyraphis Polyraphis Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Saperda Tapeina Tetrops Tetraopes Name used in original publication name Valid Stage Host plant Distribution Reference Appendix I. Continued. Tribe Pogonocherini Tribe Tribe Tapeinini Tribe Tribe Polyraphidini Tribe Tribe Tetraopini Tribe Pteropliini Tribe Saperdini

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 58(2): 107–128, June 2014