Programand ABSTRACTS

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Programand ABSTRACTS VIRTUAL CONFERENCE ICAR2021 PROGRAM and ABSTRACTS th International Conference 34 on Antiviral Research (ICAR) Hosted by the International Society for Antiviral Research (ISAR) TABLE of CONTENTS ORGANIZATION ......................................... 3 CONTRIBUTORS ......................................... 5 VIRTUAL CONFERENCE INFO................................ 6 SPECIAL EVENTS ........................................ 8 SCHEDULE at a GLANCE................................... 9 ISAR 2021 AWARDEES . 10 THE 2021 CHU FAMILY FOUNDATION SCHOLARSHIP AWARDEES ... 14 INVITED SPEAKER BIOGRAPHIES .......................... 16 PROGRAM SCHEDULE................................... 30 POSTERS ............................................. .42 ABSTRACTS .......................................... 51 AUTHOR INDEX....................................... 110 th PROGRAM and ABSTRACTS of the 34 International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR) 2 ISAR ORGANIZATION OFFICERS PRESIDENT Kara Carter Boston, MA, USA PRESIDENT ELECT PAST PRESIDENT Kathie Seley-Radtke Johan Neyts Baltimore, MD, USA Leuven, Belgium TREASURER SECRETARY Brian Gowen Jinhong Chang Logan, UT, USA Doylestown, PA, USA BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chris Meier María-Jesús Pérez-Pérez Pei-Yong Shi Hamburg, Germany Madrid, Spain Galveston, TX, USA Joana Rocha-Pereira Luis Schang Subhash Vasudevan Leuven, Belgium Ithaca, NY, USA Singapore THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH (ISAR) The Society was organized in 1987 as a non-profit scientific organization for the purpose of advancing and disseminating knowledge in all areas of antiviral research. To achieve this objective, the Society organizes an annual meeting, The International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR). The Society, now in its 34th year of existence, has members representing 30 countries. To become an ISAR member, visit our website at www.isar-icar.com. th PROGRAM and ABSTRACTS of the 34 International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR) 3 ISAR ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE CHAIRS Archive Committee Career Development Committee Brian Gentry Leen Delang Communications & Outreach Committee Kathie Seley-Radtke Website Workgroup Social Media Workgroup Webinars Workgroup Andrea Brancale Jessica Spengler Raj Kalkeri Publication Workgroup Ambassadors Program Luis Schang Raj Kalkeri, Luis Schang and Pei-Yong Shi Conference Exhibitors Committee Diversity Committee Roger Ptak Ann Kwong Finance Committee Nominations Committee Roger Ptak Johan Neyts Poster Award Committee Program Committee Brian Gentry Katherine Seley-Radtke Abstract Review Workgroup Justin Julander and Joana Rocha Pereira Scientific Excellence The Chu Family Foundation Scholarship Awards Committee for Women Scientists Committee Richard Whitley Kathie Seley-Radtke Women In Science Committee Rhonda Cardin th PROGRAM and ABSTRACTS of the 34 International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR) 4 CONTRIBUTORS Confirmed sponsors as of March 15, 2021 GOLD * GRANT FUNDING provided by: Burroughs Wellcome Fund Gilead Sciences Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Foster City, CA, USA (for Gertrude Elion Memorial Award) (for Antonín Holý Memorial Award) SILVER Aligos Therapeutics, Inc. Emergent BioSolutions San Francisco, CA, USA Gaithersburg, MD, USA Dewpoint Therapeutics JCR Pharmaceutical Co. Boston, MA, USA Ashiya, Japan BRONZE Ark Biosciences Inc. Oxeltis Shanghai, China Montpellier, France FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd. University of Minnesota, Tokyo, Japan Center for Drug Design Minneapolis, MN, USA Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University ViroVet Logan, UT, USA Leuven, Belgium XpressBio Frederick, MD, USA Additional support provided by: Journal of General Virology Sage Publishing (for Graduate and Post-doctoral Poster Awards) (for Young Investigator Poster Awards) *Supported by Gilead who provided funding. Gilead has had no input into the content of the materials used at this meeting/conference. th PROGRAM and ABSTRACTS of the 34 International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR) 5 VIRTUAL CONFERENCE INFORMATION How do I access the virtual Conference? Registered attendees will receive log-in details on Monday, March 15. The ICAR2021 virtual platform will work best with the latest version of Google Chrome. Please ensure you use Google Chrome to access the platform to minimize technical problems. ICAR 2021 Virtual Platform Link: https://portalapp.gravesshow.eventsair.com/VirtualAttendeePortal/icar/onair/login When will Conference content be available? All invited, oral and poster presentations will be prerecorded and available for on-demand viewing by registered attendees on Monday, March 15, 2021, one week ahead of the live Conference sessions. The selected format will allow attendees the opportunity to view those presentations as their own schedule permits. When will live programming take place? All scheduled times and dates for ICAR2021 live programming are listed in Eastern Standard Time and spread across two “global golden hours” from March 22 through March 26, 2021. If you are unable to attend the live programming, recordings will be posted on demand within 24-48 hours following the live session. How long will Conference content be available to access? All registered attendees will be able to access on-demand content from ICAR2021 through April 25, 2021. What is the format for the Live Q&A Sessions? There are 10 Live Q&A Sessions which will feature invited and short oral presenters. All talks will be prerecorded and available for viewing by conference attendees starting March 15. We highly encourage all attendees to view the talks prior to the live sessions. For each Live Q&A Session, the session chairs will provide a brief introduction and then each speaker will present a brief summary of their presentation. After all speakers have presented their summaries, the chairs will facilitate discussion amongst speakers and attendees. Attendees will have the option to use the Q&A board to ask questions in real-time. th PROGRAM and ABSTRACTS of the 34 International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR) 6 VIRTUAL CONFERENCE INFORMATION What will a virtual poster session look like? Posters will be divided into two groups: Poster Session 1 and Poster Session 2. During the Conference week, each poster group will present in TWO live sessions (A and B). During the live poster session, each poster presenter will have their own “room” where attendees and poster presenters will be able to speak with each other (presenter will be on video). How do I interact with authors if I have questions? Each presenter (invited, short oral and poster) will have a public chat message board on their page that will be monitored by the presenting author. Presenters are expected to check their chat board at least twice daily during the Conference week. We encourage attendees to leave feedback, questions, ask to be contacted for more information, or even leave a simple ‘hello’ to check in, so that they know you visited. The live sessions are another opportunity to interact in real-time. Whom do I contact if I have problems? For technical questions about accessing or using the platform: u While in the platform, click the “Live Support” button on the top menu bar just prior to or during live sessions, or u Contact Mike Graves at [email protected] For questions about registration or other Conference items, please contact ICAR Staff at [email protected]. Where can I find out more information about ICAR2021 Virtual Conference? Please visit our website and click on the Virtual Information Frequently Asked Questions page. This page will be updated frequently with details and tips for ICAR2021 to include various training videos to help you become familiar with the virtual platform. th PROGRAM and ABSTRACTS of the 34 International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR) 7 SPECIAL EVENTS WOMEN IN SCIENCE ROUNDTABLE Monday, March 22 • 12:15 – 1:15 PM ET The Women in Science (WIS) Committee is excited to announce the 9th Annual Women in Science Roundtable. This year, our keynote speaker will be Dr. Akiko Iwasaki, professor at Yale University and an expert virologist and immunologist. Dr. Iwasaki is well known for her mentorship and addressing issues facing women in science, and most recently, the toll that Covid-19 has taken on women in particular. A 30-minute video presentation by Dr. Iwasaki will be available on March 15th for viewing prior to the live WIS session. This year’s live roundtable will provide an opportunity to reflect on Dr. Iwasaki’s presentation by participating in an important dialogue about the impact of theCOVID-19 pandemic on women in STEM. Attendees will have the opportunity to select a number of chat rooms with designated relevant topics to engage in important video chat discussions with other industry peers and professionals. SPEED NETWORKING – TWO SESSIONS! Monday, March 22 • 8:30 – 9:00 PM ET Tuesday, March 23 • 11:45 AM – 12:15 PM ET Ready to mix things up? Join us for these 30-minute sessions where you will be randomly matched with a small group of attendees for FIVE minutes for a video chat. When time is up, you will be randomly matched with a new group of individuals, giving you the chance to meet people you have never met before, and to make some new lasting connections! Do not miss this interesting opportunity to mix things up in your social world. CAREER DEVELOPMENT INTERACTIVE WORKSHOP Tuesday, March 23 • 1:15 – 2:15 PM ET You belong: finding confidence in the face of self-doubt and impostor syndrome Prof. Jen Heemstra, Associate Professor, Emory University
Recommended publications
  • Mediterranean Ecological Footprint Trends Content
    MEDITERRANEAN ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT TRENDS CONTENT Global Footprint Network 1 Global Footprint Network EDITOR Foreword Promotes a sustainable economy by Alessandro Galli advancing the Ecological Footprint, Foreword Plan Blue 2 Scott Mattoon a tool that makes sustainability measureable. Introduction 3 AUTHORS Alessandro Galli The Ecological Footprint 8 Funded by: of World Regions David Moore MAVA Foundation Established in 1994, it is a family-led, Nina Brooks Drivers of Mediterranean Ecological Katsunori Iha Footprint and biocapacity changes 10 Swiss-based philanthropic foundation over time whose mission is to engage in strong Gemma Cranston partnerships to conserve biodiversity Mapping consumption, production 13 for future generations. CONTRIBUTORS AND REVIEWER and trade activities for the Mediterranean Region Jean-Pierre Giraud In collaboration with: Steve Goldfi nger Mediterranean Ecological Footprint 17 WWF Mediterranean Martin Halle of nations Its mission is to build a future in which Pati Poblete people live in harmony with nature. Anders Reed Linking ecological assets and 20 The WWF Mediterranean initiative aims economic competitiveness at conserving the natural wealth of the Mathis Wackernagel Toward sustainable development: 22 Mediterranean and reducing human human welfare and planetary limits footprint on nature for the benefi t of all. DESIGN MaddoxDesign.net National Case Studies 24 UNESCO Venice Conclusions 28 Is developing an educational and ADVISORS training platform on the application Deanna Karapetyan Appendix A 32 of the Ecological Footprint in SEE and Hannes Kunz Calculating the Ecological Footprint Mediterranean countries, using in (Institute for Integrated Economic particular the network of MAB Biosphere Research - www.iier.ch) Appendix B 35 Reserves as special demonstration and The carbon-plus approach learning places.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Acting Cabotegravir: the Future of HIV Prep
    Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir: the Future of HIV PrEP? Brian R. Wood, MD Associate Professor of Medicine University of Washington Mountain West AIDS Education & Training Center June 4, 2020 Disclosures No conflicts of interest or relationships to disclose. Will be discussing an investigational antiretroviral. Full HPTN 083 study results not yet available. Will be reviewing data from a preliminary DSMB analysis today. See press release and webinar: https://www.hptn.org/news-and-events/announcements/cab- la-proves-be-highly-effective-prevention-hiv-acquisition Outline • General notes about cabotegravir • News from the phase 3 PrEP trial (and why it’s a big deal) • Questions, concerns, and next steps for long-acting PrEP What is Cabotegravir? Cabotegravir (CAB) • Investigational integrase strand transfer inhibitor • Potential infrequent dosing and parenteral administration - Oral half-life: 40 hours - Parenteral nanosuspension (IM, SC) half-life: 21-50 days - Median time from discontinuation to undetectable plasma level (IM, SC): 43-66 weeks • Metabolized by UGT1A1 (main pathway) & UGT1A9 - Minimal CYP metabolism; likely few drug interactions • Relatively low barrier to resistance Aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs Injectable Long-Acting Cabotegravir Image courtesy of Dr. Raphael Landovitz, UCLA What is the HPTN 083 Trial and What’s the Big News? HPTN 083 A Phase 2b/3 Double Blind Safety and Efficacy Study of Injectable Cabotegravir Compared to Daily Oral TDF/FTC, for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in HIV-Uninfected Cisgender Men and TranHPTNsgender Women wh o 083have Sex wi thSites Men – Phase 2b/3 Target enrollment: 4,500 HIV- uninfected cisgender men and transgender 45 Sites in 8 Countrieswomen who have sex with men and who are at risk of HIV acquisition Primary outcome: HIV Prevention effectiveness of cabotegravir compared to daily oral TDF/FTC United States India Vietnam Thailand Peru Brazil South Argentina Africa ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02720094 Slide courtesy of Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • LATTE Study Oral Cabotegravir + Rilpivirine Versus Efavirenz + 2 NRTI’S LATTE Study: Design
    Oral Cabotegravir + Rilpivirine versus Efavirenz + 2 NRTI’s LATTE Study Oral Cabotegravir + Rilpivirine versus Efavirenz + 2 NRTI’s LATTE Study: Design Study Design: CAB 10 mg CAB 10 mg + 2 NRTI’s + RPV 25 mg • BacKground: Phase 2b, (n = 60) (n = 52) randoMized, partially blinded study done at Multiple centers CAB 30 mg CAB 30 mg in the U.S. and Canada + 2 NRTI’s + RPV 25 mg (n = 60) (n = 51) • Inclusion Criteria (n = 244) - Age ≥18 years - Antiretroviral-naïve CAB 60 mg CAB 60 mg - HIV RNA >1,000 copies/ML + 2 NRTI’s + RPV 25 mg - CD4 count >200 cells/MM3 (n = 61) (n = 53) - CrCl >50 ML/Min - No hepatitis B Efavirenz 600 mg Efavirenz 600 mg - No significant transaMinitis + 2 NRTI’s + 2 NRTI’s (n = 62) (n = 46) 24-week lead-in phase Source: Margolis DA, et al. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15:1145-55. Oral Cabotegravir + Rilpivirine versus Efavirenz + 2 NRTI’s LATTE Study: Results Cabotegravir + 2NRTIs Cabotegravir + Rilpivirine Efavirenz + 2NRTIs Induction* Maintenance* 100 80 86 82 76 74 71 60 63 40 HIV RNA <50 copies/mL (%) <50 copies/mL HIV RNA 20 156/181 46/62 149/181 44/62 137/181 39/62 0 Week 24 Week 48 Week 96 *Cabotegravir data is composite of all cabotegravir doses Source: Margolis DA, et al. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15:1145-55. Oral Cabotegravir + Rilpivirine versus Efavirenz + 2 NRTI’s LATTE Study: Results 100 Induction* Maintenance 80 60 Cabotegravir 10 mg + Rilpivirine 40 Cabotegravir 30 mg + Rilpivirine HIV RNA <40 copies/mL HIV RNA 20 Cabotegravir 60 mg + Rilpivirine Efavirenz 600 mg + 2NRTIs 0 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 Treatment Week *During induction phase cabotegravir administered with investigator chosen 2NRTIs Source: Margolis DA, et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Aicuris Granted Fast Track Designation by U.S. FDA for Oral Pritelivir for Treatment of HSV Infections in Immunocompromised Adults
    AiCuris Granted Fast Track Designation by U.S. FDA for Oral Pritelivir for Treatment of HSV Infections in Immunocompromised Adults Wuppertal, August 01, 2017 - AiCuris Anti-infective Cures GmbH, a leading company in the discovery and development of drugs against infectious diseases, today announced that the Company has been granted Fast Track designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for oral pritelivir, AiCuris’ lead candidate for the treatment of acyclovir-resistant mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in immunocompromised adults. Fast track is a process designed to facilitate the development, expedite the review and accelerate the approval process of drugs to treat serious conditions and fill an unmet medical need, with the purpose of getting important new drugs to patients sooner. Oral pritelivir, a small molecule helicase-primase inhibitor with a novel mode of action, is currently in a clinical phase 2 study, called PRIOH-1, in the U.S. to evaluate the product candidate’s efficacy and safety compared to i.v. foscarnet, a virostatic agent which is used mainly for the treatment of herpes viruses resistant to other antiviral drugs. In a prior phase 2 study, oral pritelivir showed to significantly improve the suppression of viral shedding compared to the current standard of care for genital HSV-2 infections, the nucleoside analog valacyclovir. The results of this study were published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) earlier this year. “The decision by the FDA to grant fast track designation to oral pritelivir underscores that our product might fill the major need for innovative, more efficacious therapies for immunocompromised patients with HSV infections that have become resistant to standard treatments,” said Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Structure-Based Design of Specific Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of SARS
    RSC Advances View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Antiviral agents against COVID-19: structure-based design of specific peptidomimetic inhibitors of Cite this: RSC Adv., 2020, 10,40244 SARS-CoV-2 main protease Vladimir Frecer *ab and Stanislav Miertusbc Despite the intense development of vaccines and antiviral therapeutics, no specific treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently available. Recently, X-ray crystallographic structures of a validated pharmacological target of SARS-CoV-2, the main protease (Mpro also called 3CLpro) in complex with peptide-like irreversible inhibitors have been published. We have carried out computer-aided structure- based design and optimization of peptidomimetic irreversible a-ketoamide Mpro inhibitors and their analogues using MM, MD and QM/MM methodology, with the goal to propose lead compounds with improved binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, enhanced specificity for pathogenic coronaviruses, Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. decreased peptidic character, and favourable drug-like properties. The best inhibitor candidates Received 28th September 2020 designed in this work show largely improved interaction energies towards the Mpro and enhanced Accepted 30th October 2020 specificity due to 6 additional hydrogen bonds to the active site residues. The presented results on new DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08304f SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors are expected to stimulate further research towards the development of rsc.li/rsc-advances specific anti-COVID-19 drugs. Introduction chymotrypsin-like protease (called main protease Mpro or also 3CLpro), and papain-like protease (PLpro). The 33.8 kDa cysteine pro This article is licensed under a The outbreak of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome protease M (EC 3.4.22.69) encoded in the nsp5 is a key viral coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belonging to the b-lineage of the enzyme essential for the viral life cycle of coronaviruses.
    [Show full text]
  • Herpes Simplex Virus
    HSV Herpes simplex virus HSV (Herpes simplex virus) can be spread when an infected person is producing and shedding the virus. Herpes simplex can be spread through contact with saliva, such as sharing drinks. Symptoms of herpes simplex virus infection include watery blisters in the skin or mucous membranes of the mouth, lips or genitals. Lesions heal with ascab characteristic of herpetic disease. As neurotropic and neuroinvasive viruses, HSV-1 and -2 persist in the body by becoming latent and hiding from the immune system in the cell bodies of neurons. After the initial or primary infection, some infected people experience sporadic episodes of viral reactivation or outbreaks. www.MedChemExpress.com 1 HSV Inhibitors (Z)-Capsaicin 1-Docosanol (Zucapsaicin; Civamide; cis-Capsaicin) Cat. No.: HY-B1583 (Behenyl alcohol) Cat. No.: HY-B0222 (Z)-Capsaicin is the cis isomer of capsaicin, acts 1-Docosanol is a saturated fatty alcohol used as an orally active TRPV1 agonist, and is used in traditionally as an emollient, emulsifier, and the research of neuropathic pain. thickener in cosmetics, and nutritional supplement; inhibitor of lipid-enveloped viruses including herpes simplex. Purity: 99.96% Purity: ≥98.0% Clinical Data: Launched Clinical Data: Launched Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 10 mg, 50 mg Size: 500 mg 2-Deoxy-D-glucose 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (2-DG; 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose; D-Arabino-2-deoxyhexose) Cat. No.: HY-13966 Cat. No.: HY-N1401 2-Deoxy-D-glucose is a glucose analog that acts as 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2, a matrix a competitive inhibitor of glucose metabolism, metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, acts as a inhibiting glycolysis via its actions on hexokinase.
    [Show full text]
  • (KPIC) PPO and Out-Of- Area Indemnity (OOA) Drug Formulary with Specialty Drug Tier
    Kaiser Permanente Insurance Company (KPIC) PPO and Out-of- Area Indemnity (OOA) Drug Formulary with Specialty Drug Tier This Drug Formulary was updated: September 1, 2021 NOTE: This drug formulary is updated often and is subject to change. Upon revision, all previous versions of the drug formulary are no longer in effect. This document contains information regarding the drugs that are covered when you participate in the California Nongrandfathered PPO and Out-of- Area Indemnity (OOA) Health Insurance Plans with specialty drug tier offered by Kaiser Permanente Insurance Company (KPIC) and fill your prescription at a MedImpact network pharmacy. Access to the most current version of the Formulary can be obtained by visiting kp.org/kpic-ca-rx-ppo-ngf. For help understanding your KPIC insurance plan benefits, including cost sharing for drugs under the prescription drug benefit and under the medical benefit, please call 1-800-788-0710 or 711 (TTY) Monday through Friday, 7a.m. to 7p.m. For help with this Formulary, including the processes for submitting an exception request and requesting prior authorization and step therapy exceptions, please call MedImpact 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, at 1-800-788-2949 or 711 (TTY). For cost sharing information for the outpatient prescription drug benefits in your specific plan, please visit: kp.org/kpic-ca-rx-ppo-ngf. For help in your preferred language, please see the Kaiser Permanente Insurance Company Notice of Language Assistance in this document. KPIC PPO NGF Table of Contents Informational Section................................................................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancing Diversity Knowledge Through Marine Citizen Science and Social Platforms: the Case of Hermodice Carunculata (Annelida, Polychaeta)
    diversity Article Enhancing Diversity Knowledge through Marine Citizen Science and Social Platforms: The Case of Hermodice carunculata (Annelida, Polychaeta) Maja Krželj 1, Carlo Cerrano 2 and Cristina Gioia Di Camillo 2,* 1 University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; [email protected] 2 Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; c.cerrano@staff.univpm.it * Correspondence: c.dicamillo@staff.univpm.it Received: 16 June 2020; Accepted: 9 August 2020; Published: 12 August 2020 Abstract: The aim of this research is to set a successful strategy for engaging citizen marine scientists and to obtain reliable data on marine species. The case study of this work is the bearded fireworm Hermodice carunculata, a charismatic species spreading from the southern Mediterranean probably in relation to global warming. To achieve research objectives, some emerging technologies (mainly social platforms) were combined with web ecological knowledge (i.e., data, pictures and videos about the target species published on the WWW for non-scientific purposes) and questionnaires, in order to invite people to collect ecological data on the amphinomid worm from the Adriatic Sea and to interact with involved people. In order to address future fruitful citizen science campaigns, strengths and weakness of each used method were illustrated; for example, the importance of informing and thanking involved people by customizing interactions with citizens was highlighted. Moreover, a decisive boost in people engagement may be obtained through sharing the information about citizen science project in online newspapers. Finally, the work provides novel scientific information on the polychete’s distribution, the northernmost occurrence record of H.
    [Show full text]
  • COVID-19: Living Through Another Pandemic Essam Eldin A
    pubs.acs.org/journal/aidcbc Viewpoint COVID-19: Living through Another Pandemic Essam Eldin A. Osman, Peter L. Toogood, and Nouri Neamati* Cite This: https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00224 Read Online ACCESS Metrics & More Article Recommendations *sı Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Novel beta-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the pathogenic agent responsible for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a globally pandemic infectious disease. Due to its high virulence and the absence of immunity among the general population, SARS- CoV-2 has quickly spread to all countries. This pandemic highlights the urgent unmet need to expand and focus our research tools on what are considered “neglected infectious diseases” and to prepare for future inevitable pandemics. This global emergency has generated unprecedented momentum and scientificefforts around the globe unifying scientists from academia, government and the pharmaceutical industry to accelerate the discovery of vaccines and treatments. Herein, we shed light on the virus structure and life cycle and the potential therapeutic targets in SARS-CoV-2 and briefly refer to both active and passive immunization modalities, drug repurposing focused on speed to market, and novel agents against specific viral targets as therapeutic interventions for COVID-19. s first reported in December 2019, a novel coronavirus, rate of seasonal influenza (flu), which is fatal in only ∼0.1% of A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- infected patients.6 In contrast to previous coronavirus CoV-2), caused an outbreak of atypical pneumonia in Wuhan, epidemics (Table S1), COVID-19 is indiscriminately wreaking 1 China, that has since spread globally. The disease caused by havoc globally with no apparent end in sight due to its high this new virus has been named coronavirus disease-2019 virulence and the absence of resistance among the general (COVID-19) and on March 11, 2020 was declared a global population.
    [Show full text]
  • Die Herkunft Und Bedeutung Des Ortsnamens Regensburg
    Albrecht Greule Die Herkunft und Bedeutung des Ortsnamens Regensburg Regensburg liegt am nördlichsten Punkt der Donau. Die Stadt geht auf eine Gründung der Römer zurück, sie ist heute Hauptstadt des bayerischen Regierungsbezirks Oberpfalz, Sitz der Fürsten von Thurn und Taxis, und hat einen berühmten Dom, in dem die Regensburger Domspatzen singen. Ihr Name hat nichts mit dem Regen, der vom Himmel fällt, zu tun, wie oft spaßhaft angenommen wird, sondern mit dem hier in die Donau mündenden Fluss Regen. Der Name des aus Tschechien kommenden Flusses begegnet bereits anno 819 (Kopie 9. Jahrhundert) in einer Traditionsurkunde in althochdeutscher (altbairischer) Gestalt als Regan . Allerdings scheint Regin , lateinisch Reginus , der einzige und ursprüngliche Name für den Fluss Regen gewesen zu sein, und nicht Regan , worin die erste Anspielung des Fluss- und des Stadtnamens auf das Nass vom Himmel (althochdeutsch regan ) fassbar wird. Auch der Name des am Regen gelegenen Stadtteils Reinhausen (1007 Regin-husen ) enthält die ursprüngliche Form des Flussnamens. Obwohl auf der Bauinschrift für das gewaltige Legionslager, das die Römer an der Regen-Mündung 179 n. Chr. errichteten, kein Name verzeich- net ist, wissen wir, dass der gesamte Siedlungskomplex bei den Römern Regino hieß. Sowohl auf einer spätrömischen Straßenkarte als auch im Itinerar des Kaisers Antoninus, die beide im Kern die Verhältnisse des beginnenden 3. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. wiedergeben, ist Regino (= Regensburg) ein- getragen. Was liegt näher als die Annahme, dass die Römer ihr Legionskastell nach dem Fluss be- nannten, an dessen Mündung in die Donau es errichtet worden war. Regino ist ein lateinischer Ab- lativ (Lokativ), der ‘am Regen’ bedeutet.
    [Show full text]
  • INSIDE STANFORD MEDICINE Th Participant Inthe Participant November 6, 2017 6, November Disorders
    Clinical trial participants with Alzheimer’s disease who received blood STANFORD plasma from young donors showed some evidence of INSIDE improvement. Volume 9, No. 20MEDICINE November 6, 2017 Published by the Office of Communication & Public Affairs Page 4 Novel biomedical study seeks participants By Krista Conger STEVE FISCH eslie Purchase describes herself as kind of a data devotee. So last Lspring, when she heard about the Project Baseline study — one of the largest, most comprehensive efforts to understand the basic underpinnings of health and disease — she jumped at the chance to participate. “I’m so excited to be part of this effort to understand more about what makes the human body work,” said Purchase, 41, a former physician and mother of three who volunteers with the non- profit Rotaplast International. “It’s an opportunity to help inform health and wellness on a scale that’s never before been attempted, and I think it’s a pretty easy way to do something good for the world.” The study is an ambitious endeavor, with a potentially transformative payoff. Launched in April after years of design- ing and planning by Verily, an Alphabet company, in partnership with Stanford Medicine and the Duke University School of Medicine, it aims to under- stand the molecular basis of health by repeatedly collecting vast amounts of biomedical data from as many as 10,000 participants over the course of at least Leslie Purchase of Mill Valley was among the first to enroll in Stanford’s portion of Project Baseline. The watch on her wrist helps keep track of her activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Article Antiviral Activity of Nucleoside Analogues Against Norovirus
    Antiviral Therapy 2012; 17:981–991 (doi: 10.3851/IMP2229) Original article Antiviral activity of nucleoside analogues against norovirus Verónica P Costantini1*, Tony Whitaker2, Leslie Barclay1, David Lee1, Tamara R McBrayer 2, Raymond F Schinazi3, Jan Vinjé1 1Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 2RFS Pharma, LLC, Tucker, GA, USA 3Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Background: Norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of were 6.9 mM and 12.7 mM, respectively. 2′-C-MeC, epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. The lack of a cell 2′-F-2′-C-MeC and NHC reduced NV RNA levels and pro- culture has significantly hampered the development tein expression in HG23 cells. For the NV replicon, the EC50 of effective therapies against human NoV. Clinically of 2′-C-MeC (1.3 mM) was comparable to the antiviral approved nucleoside and non-nucleoside analogues activity of NHC (1.5 mM) and twofold more potent than have been used successfully against RNA viruses. 2′-F-2′-C-MeC (3.2 mM). The combination of 2′-C-MeC/ Methods: In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of four ribavirin resulted in modest synergistic activity, whereas nucleoside analogues (2′-C-MeC, 2′-F-2′-C-MeC, β-D- NHC/ribavirin was antagonistic for NV replication in N(4)-hydroxycytidine [NHC] and lamivudine) on Norwalk HG23 cells. virus (NV) RNA levels and protein expression in NV replicon- Conclusions: The antiviral activity of 2′-C-MeC against harbouring cells (HG23 cells), and their efficacy in blocking strains of two different NoV genogroups and the low EC50 murine norovirus (MNV) replication in RAW 264.7 cells.
    [Show full text]