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Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in the Arboretum of Alagoas State, Brazil

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Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in the Arboretum of Alagoas State, Brazil Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 3248 ISSN: 2595-573X Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in the Arboretum of Alagoas State, Brazil Borboletas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) no Arboretum de Alagoas, Brasil DOI: 10.34188/bjaerv4n3-037 Recebimento dos originais: 04/03/2021 Aceitação para publicação: 30/06/2021 Lucas Teles Bezerra Graduando em Engenharia Florestal pela Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL) Instituição: Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL) Endereço: BR 104, Km 85, s/n, Rio Largo - AL, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Elmadã Pereira Gonzaga Doutoranda em Proteção de Plantas pelo Campus de Engenharias e Ciências Agrárias (CECA), da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL) Instituição: Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL) Endereço: BR 104, Km 85, s/n, Rio Largo - AL, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Mayara Dalla Lana Doutora em Ciências Florestais pela Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) Instituição: Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL) Endereço: BR 104, Km 85, s/n, Rio Largo - AL, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Mariana Oliveira Breda Doutora em Entomologia Agrícola pela Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) Instituição: Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL) Endereço: BR 104, Km 85, s/n, Rio Largo - AL, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Marcelo Duarte Doutor em Ciências Biológicas (Entomologia) pela Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Instituição: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP) Endereço: Avenida Nazaré, 481. Ipiranga, São Paulo - SP, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The deforestation of areas due to the expansion of cities and urban zones have directly affected natural habitats, causing negative changes, biodiversity loss and reducing populations size of native flora and fauna. In this context, butterflies are considered excellent organisms for monitoring environmental quality as they are involved in extremely specific ecological relationships with their habitats. Thus, this research aimed to carry out a survey of the butterfly (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) fauna in the Arboretum of Alagoas State. Weekly samplings were carried out from September 2019 to March 2020. During 140 sampling hours, 415 individuals were collected, being observed the occurrence of 44 species distributed in six families. The low number of recorded taxa reflects an Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, Curitiba, v.4, n.3, p. 3248-3268 jul./set. 2021. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 3249 ISSN: 2595-573X expected poor richness as, in general, the closer the analyzed fragment is to an urban area, the smaller the number of species. Nymphalidae was the most well represented family, being recorded seven subfamilies. Based on these results, it was possible to state that the butterfly fauna in the Arboretum of Alagoas State comprises species commonly found in anthropic environments and/or areas under high anthropogenic influence. Keywords: Entomology, Environmental Refuge, Lepidopterofauna, Survey. RESUMO O desmatamento de florestas para o avanço das cidades e perímetros urbanos tem afetado diretamente esses habitats ocasionando modificações negativas, perda da biodiversidade e redução no tamanho de populações da flora e da fauna. Neste contexto, as borboletas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) são consideradas excelentes organismos para monitoramento da qualidade ambiental pois desenvolvem relações ecológicas bastante específicas com seu habitat. Portanto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo efetuar um levantamento da Lepidopterofauna de borboletas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) do Arboretum de Alagoas. Foram realizadas coletas semanais de setembro de 2019 a março de 2020. Em 140 horas de coleta, um total de 415 indivíduos foram obtidos, sendo observadas a ocorrência de 44 espécies distribuídas em seis famílias de Lepidoptera (Papilionoidea). O baixo número de táxons registrados reflete uma riqueza pouco expressiva já esperada pois, em geral, quanto mais próximo de área urbana for o fragmento analisado, menor o número de espécies encontradas. Nymphalidae foi a família mais bem representada com a ocorrência de sete subfamílias no local. Com base nos resultados desta pesquisa foi possível concluir que, de forma geral, as espécies encontradas no Arboretum de Alagoas são características de ambientes antropizados, e/ou áreas sob a influência antrópica. Palavras-chave: Entomologia, Lepidopterofauna, Levantamento, Refúgio Ambiental. 1 INTRODUCTION Changes in natural landscapes due to anthropic actions and accelerated urbanization have caused disturbance, destruction, fragmentation and isolation of the ecosystems and natural habitats (Silva et al., 2007). In the state of Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil, the fragmentation of natural vegetation is provoked mainly by the deforestation for implementation of crops, such as eucalyptus and sugar cane (Andrade et al., 2019; Bezerra et al., 2020). In urban environments, the importance of green areas such as woods, parks, squares, and urban forests is quite remarkable because these places act as refuges, contribute to biodiversity conservation, provide the maintenance of environmental quality, reduce air pollution, and also have aesthetic and leisure functions (Dias, 2015; Steenberg et al., 2019). The development of studies in green areas of the urban zones is important in providing information about the local biodiversity, allowing the development of conservation strategies and the management of natural resources (Gaudereto et al., 2019). The Arboretum of Alagoas State located at the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), is an example of an urban green area, which suffers the influence of anthropization. The Arboretum is characterized by a 4.2 hectares forest Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, Curitiba, v.4, n.3, p. 3248-3268 jul./set. 2021. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 3250 ISSN: 2595-573X implemented by the Botany Department of UFAL with the support of the Pro-rectory of Extension (PROEX/UFAL), and the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources/IBAMA, for seedling production of native species in the region (Santos, 2011). The role of a biological indicator (bioindicator) gets to focus on the provision of fast analyzes on the biological quality of the environment (Pereira & Soares, 2020). Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) are known for its potential as excellent bioindicators, by developing extremely specific ecological relationships with their habitats, intrinsic associations with host plants and being extremely sensitive and quickly responding to changes in the environment (Soares et al., 2012). Thus, surveys and faunistic analyzes of the butterfly fauna in urban green areas have become essential tools for recording and identifying the presumably isolated biodiversity in these urban environments. Also, these surveys are necessary for the identification of potential bioindicator species for the assessment of anthropogenic impact, and to assist the development of conservation strategies (Isehard et al., 2010; Cordeiro & Richardo, 2019). Furthermore, studies aiming the knowledge and inventory of these insects should be encouraged, especially for the northeastern Brazil, where the lepidopteran fauna is quite undersampled (Lima & Zacca, 2014), and there is a large gap on the knowledge about the diversity of butterflies due to the reduced number of specialists. Therefore, the objective of this study was to carry out the first survey of butterfly species (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in the Arboretum of Alagoas State (UFAL). 2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 2.1 STUDY AREA The study was carried out in the Arboretum of Alagoas State, located at the Aristóteles Calazans Simões Campus of the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) (09º33'13.80" S and 35º46'07.80" W, 80 m a.s.l.), in the municipality of Maceió, state of Alagoas, Brazil. According to Köppen's climate classification, this area is classified as tropical wet coastal, with an average annual temperature of 25.6 °C and annual precipitation of 1,713 mm (Alvares et al., 2013). The area is in the open ombrophilous forest formation domain. The Arboretum of Alagoas is a green urban area of 4.2 hectares, created out of an environmental recovery project. In the past, this space was widely used for agricultural purposes and constant garbage disposal. Due to the initiative of the Botany Department of the Institute of Biological and Health Sciences (ICBS/UFAL) in 2002, with the support of the Pro-Rectory of Extension (PROEX/UFAL), and the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), under the leadership of Maria Cecília Bello, professor and biologist, seedlings Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, Curitiba, v.4, n.3, p. 3248-3268 jul./set. 2021. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 3251 ISSN: 2595-573X of native species from around the region were implanted, aiming the recovery of the area (Santos, 2011). 2.2 DATA SAMPLING The samplings were carried out weekly from September/2019 to March/2020. Each sampling was performed from 8 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Thus, 35 samplings days were performed, in a total of 140 hours of sampling. Butterflies were collected by a single collector with the aid of an entomological net, following pre-existing trails all through the vegetation or conducting direct searches to capture the insects during flight or when they were resting on either flowers or leaves
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