Indian Council of Agricultural Research InternationalMeetingVirtual on Experts Promoting Sustainable Resources Management for Enhancing Enhancing for Management Resources Department of Department Agricultural & Education Research Kingdom Saudi of Arabia, Riyadh Genetic Enhancement and Natural and Enhancement Genetic Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Productivity, Sustainability and Sustainability Productivity, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Agriculture Development in Resilience in Drylands in Resilience Govt. Govt. of India, New Delhi Dr. G. Ravindra Chary Dr. D.K. Yadava Dr. G.P. Singh Drylands August 10, 2020 Indian Council of Agricultural Research             10.6% earning of totalof earning10.6% exports contribution15.4% toGDP workforce52% of in agriculture 142% croppingintensity netsownrainfed areais 52 %of hanet140.1 sownm area world’sthe2.4% of area World’sthe 4.2% of water worldhuman 74%of 17. population Small &marginal landholdings (86.2%), coping poormechanisms extremein frequencyof Increaseweatherevents productionsystems, farming systems with diverseagroecologies Largecountry diversewith biophysical settings andsocioeconomic Indian Agriculture at a Glance at a Agriculture Indian - climates,soil types, seasons, • • • • • Contributes the regions arid, Ranifed production net Rice Cotton Oil Pulses Coarse semi seeds cultivated and agriculture - arid cereals a about counts and : : : : area 40 67 72 81 : 40 83 % % % % for sub % % practiced of - 52 humid % food of Change in Food Production Scenario in India

Item 1950-51 Production 2019-20 Production Times Increase (million tonnes) (million tonnes) (X)

Food grains! 50.83 295.67 5.82 Pulses! 8.41 23.01 2.74 Oilseeds! 5.16 33.50 6.49 Cotton! 0.52 6.13 11.79 Sugarcane! 57.05 358.14 6.28 Horticulture@ 96.56 (1991-92 level) 313.35 3.25 Milk# 17.00 187.70 11.04 Fish# 0.75 13.42 17.89 Egg (no. in 16.1 (1985-86 level) 103.30 6.42 billion)# Meat# 1.9 (1998-99 level) 8.11 4.27

! III Advance Estimates of 2019-20, @ I Advance Estimates of 2019-20, # Figures for 2018-19 Indian Council of Agricultural Research Indian Council of Agricultural Research Agricultural of Council Indian Financial Adviser Union Union Minister Agricultureof (DARE) President, ICAR Society & Farmers Welfare & DirectorGeneral, ICAR Secretary ICAR GeneralBody, ICAR Society Ag. ExtensionAg. (11 ATARIsKVKs)& 718 EducationAg. (4) EngineeringAg. (5) Fisheries (8) Animal Science (19) Natural ResourceManagement (15) Horticulture(23) CropScience (28) DeputyDirectorsGeneral Governing Body, ICAR Diversification and Integration

• Cereals (4), Millets (10), Pulses (12), Oilseeds(15), Field Crops (85) Commercial Crops (11), Forage Crops (17), Potential Crops (16)

Horticultural Crops • (28), Vegetables (48), Spices (12), Seed spices (10), Tuber Crops (11), Temperate fruits (10), Plantation crops (134) (3), (8), Mushroom (4)

Animal breeds (199) & • Buffalo, cattle , small ruminants Fish Species (111) • 61 food fish and shellfish, 50 ornamental fish

• Climate resilient agriculture NRM and Farm • Saline/alkaline/sodic soils, Arsenic affected, Mechanization waterlogged/water stressed areas and cropping • Small smart machines and agro- processing

Farmers Outreach • 716 KVKs, all rural districts Indian Council of Agricultural Research Grand Total Others Sugar crops Forage crops Fibre crops Pulses Oilseeds Cereals Crop Varieties: 1969 Crops 1969 varieties notified No. No. of 5164 2626 122 187 364 966 864 35 - 2019 2014 varieties released No. No. of 1234 187 183 645 44 81 92 2 - 2019 varieties 2014 resilient Climate 1020 187 183 446 - 32 81 89 2 2019 - 19 Biofortified varieties Hort. 4 53 42 1 2 4 - - varieties derived MAS 48 45 2 1 - - - - Indian Council of Agricultural Research since rainfall tolerant/ drought/ Field Toria Indian Mustard (2) Sesame(1) Groundnut (3) Soybean (2) OILSEEDS 10 FingerMillet(2) Wheat (19) Rice(32) CEREALS 75 Total: 137 Kodo millet(1) Little millet(2) Pearl(7) M. Sorghum (4) Maize(8) 2014 (2) crop condition water moisture varieties stress/low released stress for Urdbean PULSES 18 ForageSewan Grass Anjan Grass Grass Marvel Rice bean Guinea Grass Fescue Cowpea ForageSorghum PearlMillet FORAGES(11) Roselle Cotton COMMERCIAL CROPS (6) Lentil(2) Chickpea (3) Clusterbean (Guar) (1) Horsegram (2) Pigeonopea / blackgram / Red/ gram(9) (1) Indian Council of Agricultural Research Resilienceof technology to withstand stresses(food grainproduction) Indian Council of Agricultural Research • • • • • • country; Total Valueworth 48000Rs. Crore per year CRRI Rice about Rs. 1300 Cr. Biocontrol Potato Varieties production in India). Licensed to 204 companies seed contributingto 50 Wheat HD2967 and HD3086 Area gross value every year Sugarcane CO 238 year 2016); Net Export: Rs.33000 Cr.; Net Profit Rs. 16700 Cr. per Pusa Basmati1121 ICAR Varieties/TechnologiesICAR Impact Making : 133 varieties covering 18 – Papaya mealybug affected 1500 ha; Saved - Rs. 57,512Rs. crores gross value every year (12% sugar recovery) mt – (A Few Examples) 1.5 lakh Crores duringof Rupees (2008 production (50% oftotal wheat : - 10 20% ofrice area of the million ha – Rs. Rs. 28,795 crores - Indian Council of Agricultural Research 1. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. DES: Directorate Economics of and Statistics; DoC: Department Commerce;of * 3rd domesti Total availability for Total Exports Availability Total Imports Production Particulars Breakthroughs Breakthroughs in Pulses Research and Seed Production LYMVs ( Kits Diagnostic of Development in Reduction early IPA 15 characteristic: unique with varietiesmark land 4 Released > of Development Development of Development size seedin Increase mungbean c consumption - 03 03 Mplex (early maturity (early duration (Mung; 55/70D, lentil to 120/150 D & chickpea to 100/140 days. 100/140 to D &chickpea 120/150 lentil to 55/70D, (Mung; duration for virus identification causing the most widespread pulses. widespread in YMV most thecausing identificationvirus for variety), IPFD 10 IPFD variety), Trichoderma based formulations ( Trichodermaformulationsbased 900 HYV HYV 900 Kabuli Pulses RevolutionPulses : pigeonpea in pulses in chickpea (to 55/25 gram) chickpea(to 2016 29.60 - 29.74 23.13 12 (green seeded seeded (green 12 0.14 6.61 LYMVsKit PCR Diagnostic hybrid), - 17 Mungbean 2017 30.83 31.03 25.42 0.20 5.61 fieldpea Years Dalhanderma - 18 IPM 205 IPM varieties) varieties) ( Fe, Zn fortified lentil), lentil), fortified Zn Fe, 2018 t and Multiplexand Advance Advance estimate DES of 25.65 - 25.93 23.40 7 (Virat, 7 aSuper 0.28 2.53 1,2) - 19 . Million tons 2019 23.01* - PCR - - - - - 20 Millets grown in India

Major millets

Pearl millet Great millet / Finger millet Foxtail millet (Pennisetum sorghum (Eleusine (Setaria italica) americanum) () coracana)

Small millets Little Kodo millet Proso millet Barnyard millet millet (Paspalum (Panicum Echinochloa (Panicum scrobiculatum miliaceum) frumentacea) sumatrense ) Indian Council of Agricultural Research Pulses 300 Millets Areadown Cotton 600 by 50% Waterrequirement of millets crops (in & other mm) Waterof Millets Requirement Sorghum 400 Maize 500 millet Pearl 350 & Millets Up - Millets Production (32%) Finger millet 350 Productivity (159%) Ground nut 450 Rice 1250 sugarcane 2100 Biofortified Varieties: Sustainable Way to Alleviate Malnutrition

Protein • Rice (7) Zinc Lysine • Wheat (17) • Maize (9) Iron Trypto- phan • (9) 53 • Sorghum (1) Trypsin • Lentil (2) -A inhibitor • Mustard (2) • Linseed (1) Gluco- sinolate Vitamin-C • Soybean (1)

Erucic Antho- • Horticultural acid cyanin crops (4) Number of cultivars Number Number of cultivars of cultivars Total 48 of MAS improved - derived cultivars released in India Rice Soybean Chickpea Pearl millet Maize Wheat for various ------31 8 5 1 2 1 traits using molecular breeding Indian Council of Agricultural Research Germplasm ConservationGermplasm at National Status Genebank ( March2020 31, Trial Material (W&B) Pigeonpea (Lentil, Samples Duplicate safety Agroforestry Condiments and Spices Ornamental & M&APNarcotics & Nuts Fruits Vegetables Fibre crops Oilseeds Legumes Pseudo Forages Millets Cereals Crop/Crop Group - cereals ) ) Specie Total 191 122 681 212 109 200 136 28 68 77 84 55 28 s - - conserved Totalacc. 165966 10771 10235 27082 15877 60386 66927 59434 1653 3254 7791 7261 668 268 289 15 Indian Council of Agricultural Research Alternative Deep Tillering Early – – – – emergence Increased deeper Deep unproductive Tillering water increases Early roots vigor inhibition loss root dwarfing soil Trait Breeding forDrylandsBased inhibition land from coleoptile from layer growth system tillers the shading deeper genes soil under ( Tin in extracts length soil and seedling gene) drought layer minimises soil helps reduces stage from in Rht 5 Rht Indian Council of Agricultural Research Drought 2017 of Shri India, . Narendra at Phenomics IARI, inaugurating Nanaji DeshmukhPlant Phenomics Centre, tolerance Pusa, Modi, Centre” New Hon’ble the Delhi “Nanaji phenotyping on IARI, New IARI, New Delhi Prime 11 th Deshmukh October Minister Indian Council of Agricultural Research    • • • • • • ( Total STR BSP 2018 ~ membership) 132 25 17 State SeedCorporations One national level organization viz. NSC (SFCI merged) (Pulses ICAR Institutes (51), SAUs/CAUs (60/73), KVKs (717), Hubs Seed (218) 500 centres State Centres - Notified Breeder large 19 AICRP - 150, Oilseeds )= Seed Indian CouncilAgriculturalof Research (ICAR) and 1 - - 41 24 . - 17 NSP (Crop) ICAR Certification Seed medium seed lakh Indian NetworkSeed - Indian Institute of Seed InstituteIndian Seed Science of Testing - quintals 35, 35, Millets production size Agencies private Labs - 25, 25, FPSPP, VillageSeed Scheme) ( 6 seed    ISTA processing Infrastructure ( Total Cooperating 2018 ICAR Seed Seed ProjectICAR companies accredited - 19 quality )= and 4 centres . 69 - storage seed and seed lakh - 16 63 quintals production, production have ISTA Trends in Breeder Seed Production from 1981-82 to 2018-19

1740 lakhs of Quality Planting Materials in the Last 5 years

~14 lakhs of Tissue Culture Raised Seedlings in the Last 5 years

2019-20 Total crops: 51 (33 kharif+18 rabi) Varieties: 1330 (865 Kh+ 465Rabi) Indian Council of Agricultural Research        Managing risks Bridging yield gaps productivity Enhancing water mechanization Low and skewed farm productivity Maintaining soil and health Changing cropping patterns land resource base Resource poor operational Rainfed Key Agriculture: Challenges Shift in Climate: 27 % of TGA Shift 27 in % Climate: of Source: RajuSource: 2013,CRIDal. et. A Climate Resilient Villages for Drought Proofing: Technological & Institutional Options

INSTITUTIONAL WEATHER WATER CROP NUTRIENT CARBON * Village Climate * In Situ * Stress tolerant * Documen- * Soil Health * Village Risk tation of rainwater varieties organic Management management (Drought, Card based aberrant SSNM resource Committee weather Flood/ Heat/ inventory * Efficient Nutrient use * Custom Hiring conditions application * Neem Coated efficient) Urea * Residue Centers * Weather techniques recycling * Short Duration * Contingency monitoring * Flash flood * Precision using AWS varieties Farming * Conservation Seed and management agriculture fodder systems * Intercrop / * Weather * Flood * Green based systems Manuring * Tank silt * Field Information diversions Facilitator agro- * Crop * Agro forestry * Community advisory Diversification * Livestock * Commodity water groups * Real time sharing * Efficient rice management contingency systems * Capacity planning building CRVs can bring in Drought Proofing in even in Regions with 500 mm rainfall Water Storage Created (Cu m)

760 600 Community tank constructed/renovated

32560 Farm pond constructed/renovated

40100 Check dam constructed/renovated 151075 Water storage structure

(Tumkuru, Karnataka,India) 172 water harvesting structures created crop

Millets Pigeonpe a . Access to water for critical irrigation was provided to the majority of the households . In-situ conservation in uplands (Trench Cum Bund, Ridge and Furrow, Conservation Furrow) . Harvested water used for life saving irrigation during the dry spell during July 2015 improved yields in ground nut (40%), paddy (31%) and finger millet (56%) . Area under rabi increased by 21% Indian Council of Agricultural Research Advisories Agro Adaptation to Weather Aberration & Extreme - Management Better Crop Events Scaling up Climate ResilientClimate Scaling up Villages CLIMATE RESILIENT Household/ Village Food Security/ Sustainable VILLAGE VILLAGE (CRV) Conserving Resources Natural Development Source : NICRA :Source Production Livestock Climate Change Mitigation - TDC Integrated Systems Farming Systems Linkage in Drought Affected areas: Connecting the Dots Agricultural Systems Sources of Water

Horticulture systems

Irrigated systems Tree based Commercia Vegetables systems l crops Rainfall

Moisture based Rainfed systems Groundwater Completely Supplementa rainfed l Irrigation Tank Based

Canal (assured?)- External source Fodder crops Drinking water

Livestock systems Indian Council of Agricultural Research • • • • • • waterlogging water Laser Seed genotypes Focus techniques Promotion Promote raised residual techniques Promote priming and beds) levelling on surface moisture, water nutrients : sprinkler/drip water WaterTechnologies Saving of (timely . mulching helps micro saving . use It zero planting also in irrigation efficient planting tillage, avoids saving in Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Crop Production

Tillage Crop establishment Conventional Rotary till Bed planting Zero till Surface residue

Turbo Happy seeder Need based nitrogen application using NDVI sensor

Rotary Disc Drill

Using NDVI sensors 15-20% nitrogen can be saved in wheat and rice without any yield penalty. All these technologies put together can increase the profit margins of the farmers by more than 20% along with being environmental friendly.

New Machine for CA: Improved Rotary Disc Drill RDD sown wheat in SC Ratoon Success Stories (Climate Smart Village & Wheat Village)

Land Water Carbon Nitrogen Energy

Aquifier Organic Site specific Zero tillage Biofuel recharge manures application

Rotary Conservatio Precision Fuel efficient Farm pond tillage n agriculture dose machines

Laser land Rainwater Livestock Residue Legumes Levelling harvest rearing management

Micro Green FIRBS Bio-fetilizer Zero tillage irrigation manuring Source: CIMMYT

• Taraori, Karnal Others Others Others Others Others • Research Focus: Identify potential donors for IUE

• Wheat varieties sown under CA and CT at Rambha village, Karnal (Haryana) • Wheat seeding in rice residue using Turbo Happy Seeder and Rotary Disc Drill at farmers’ field • High yielding wheat varieties released for various zones showed similar performance under CA and CT system Indian Council of Agricultural Research District Agriculture Contingency Plans (DACPs) Plans DistrictContingencyAgriculture http://www.crida.in:82/contingencyplanning/ . . . . . (SAUs) Universities Agricultural Research and State (ICAR) Agricultural of IndianCouncil bybackstopping technicalwith Implemented through State droughts early,mid for monsoon Plansdelayand in DACPsavailablefor650 districts droughts and other climatic risks climatic droughts and other to with used cope Effectively andcrop harvesting scheduling spraying, irrigation timecost, of on input Saving - season and terminal and terminal season Govt EcoDRR (Ecosystem based Drought Risk Reduction) Points to Ponder  If available rainfall is more than the systems requirement Management of available resource is the main option  If available resource is less than the systems requirement Management of all resources becomes important Need to consider  Agroecosystem perspective - Climate, soils, biodiversity,, production systems  Priority for systems – Resilient farming systems (crop, animal, tree based for climate adaptation  Enhancing soil quality, water productivity and energy use efficiency, Biodiversity and crop improvement  Governance issues  Participatory management Indian Council of Agricultural Research • • • • • • • Human resourceHuman development (Scientists students)and Precisionirrigation technology Scalingof Climate up ResilientVillage Models Collaborationsinresearch productionSeed systems Sharingsuitable varietal technologies Exchangeplant of genetic resources Areas of collaborations of Areas Indian Council of Agricultural Research