DOCSLIB.ORG

Emendation of the Genus Clostridium and Validation of 'Clostridium

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Emendation of the Genus Clostridium and Validation of 'Clostridium AMMI-CACMID 1,2* 3 Serial no. 0083 Emendation of the Genus Clostridium and validation of ‘Clostridium neonatale’ sp. nov. as a member of that genus K.A. Bernard A-M Bernier Prog no. P15 1National Microbiology Laboratory (NML), Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg Manitoba (MB), Canada; 2University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB; 3Université de Saint-Boniface, Winnipeg MB 52 Clostridium estertheticum NCIMB 12511T NR 118995 RESULTS and DISCUSSION INTRODUCTION: 79 Clostridium frigoris DSM 14204 NR 114878 38 Clostridium lacusfryxellense C/C-an/B1T NR 025558 2017 REVIEW OF THE GENUS CLOSTRIDIUM 42 Clostridium algoriphilum 14D1T NR 115146 * 47 Clostridium bowmanii A-1/C-an/C1T NR 037091 * • Genus Clostridium 1st described in 1880 by Prazmowski; is type genus of the family 100 Clostridium psychrophilum A-1/C-an/IT NR 037090 * 1. 100 species in genus Clostridium sensu 57 Clostridium tagluense A121T NR 043698 * 100 Clostridium sulfidigenes SGB2T NR 044161 * stricto, based on this review Clostridiaceae (Primbram 1933) and part of the order Clostridiales (Prévot 1953) (1, 2, 4) Clostridium thiosulfatireducens Lup21T NR 114590 * 69 Clostridium tunisiense TJT NR 115161 2. 37 validly named Clostridium species were • Bacteria are Gram positive rods, strictly anaerobic, (few species aerotolerant), spore 80 100 Clostridium huakuii LAM1030T NR 134006 * 79 Clostridium punense BLPYG-8T NR 145903 * 71 Clostridium amazonense NE08VT NR 145540 * omitted in the latest emendation by Collins formers Clostridium senegalense JC122T NR 125591 * 51 Clostridium vulturis YMB-57T JQ423949 * Clostridium subterminale NCIMB 10746T NR 118999 and Rainey (2), including important • Extreme heterogeneity of genus found by 16S rRNA sequence analysis in 1994 (1) 32 30 C. botulinum 100 Clostridium argentinense ATCC 27322T NR 029232 group IV • Lawson and Rainey proposed restricting genus Clostridium only to those species 86 Clostridium botulinum Type G ATCC 27322 M59087 pathogen, C. perfringens [missing species 90 Clostridium schirmacherense AP15T NR 042448 * 100 Clostridium pascui DSM 10365T NR 026322 are marked with * in Fig 1] closest to the type species C. butyricum (‘Clostridium Cluster I’) in 2016 (2) Clostridium peptidivorans TMC4T NR 025019 46 Clostridium lundense DSM 17049T NR 043235 * • In 2002, short clinical paper which cited ‘C. neonatale’ was published but species novum 3065 96 Clostridium tetanomorphum DSM 4474T NR 043671 * 3. We will propose that 3 taxa from genus Clostridium liquoris BEY10T KC331197 * never validated (5) 76 Clostridium acetireducens 30AT NR 026179 Eubacterium be reassigned to genus 42 Clostridium malenominatum DSM 1127T NR 104780 47 Clostridium cochlearium JCM 1396T NR 113026 • We report here that Clostridium (Lawson and Rainey) requires further emendation after 100 Clostridium tetani NCTC 279T NR 029260 Clostridium sensu stricto (orange) Clostridium collagenovorans SGT NR 029246 Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824T NR 119091 4. ‘Clostridium neonatale’ fits genus this review and that ‘C. neonatale’ best fits the emended genus as modified in 2016 13 89 100 Clostridium aurantibutyricum DSM 793T NR 116616 100 Clostridium felsineum NCIMB 10690T NR 114566* Clostridium as emended by Lawson & 99 Clostridium arbusti SL206T NR 116458 * 66 Clostridium pasteurianum DSM 525T NR 104822 100 Clostridium acidisoli CK74T NR 028898 Rainey; “C.neonatale” isolates had 99.8%- METHODS: Assessing Species in the Genus Clostridium Clostridium akagii CK58T NR 025352 * 64 Clostridium drakei SL1T NR 044942 100% identity to each other but < 98.0% 100 Clostridium scatologenes ATCC 25775T NR 118727 48 46 Clostridium carboxidivorans P7T NR 104768 identity to other species on tree (red, ref 5) 2 68 Clostridium magnum DSM 2767 NR 119084 • Clostridium species in the List of Prokaryotes with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN, Clostridium aciditolerans JW/YJL-B3T NR 043557 * 100 Clostridium nitrophenolicum 1DT NR 042516 * 5. 3 taxa have internet presence but are not http:// www.bacterio.net/ clostridium. html (April 2017)), Bergey’s Clostridium chapter (4) 52 Clostridium kogasensis YHK0403T NR 136452 89 Clostridium algifaecis MB9-7 NR 134004 * validly named (purple) or IJSEM publications, were independently reviewed for relationship to Cluster I bacteria 21 Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755TNR 044718 99 Clostridium ljungdahlii DSM 13528T NR 117113 49 Clostridium kluyveri DSM 555T NR 074165 • Newer Clostridium species were considered only if published in IJSEM as a species 85 Clostridium luticellarii FW431T NR 145907 * UPDATE-Clostridium species belonging to other Clostridium swellfunianum S11-3-10T NR 126179 * novum or were cited in an IJSB / IJSEM ‘List’ (any year up to 2017) 16 Clostridium bornimense M2/40T NR 134005 * ‘Clostridiales Clusters” (1, 4); handout available on 37 Clostridium oryzae KC3T NR 124714 * 28 Clostridium (formerly Anaerobacter) polyendosporus PS-1T NR 026496 UM website, link below] • Newer Clostridium species were also assessed for being consistent with and if included Clostridium algidicarnis NCFB 2931T NR 041746 15 15 100 Clostridium putrefaciens DSM 1291T NR 119282 in, the emended Clostridium genus description by Lawson and Rainey (2) 14 Clostridium amylolyticum SW408T NR 044386 * 14 100 Clostridium polynesiense MS1T NR 144690 - Most still called Clostridium species; all will Clostridium intestinale Catt39T NR 029263 • Taxa historically assigned to other genera which appeared to best fit the emended 3 Clostridium fallax ATCC 19400T NR 044714 Clostridium cavendishii BL-28T NR 115711 * be reassigned to new genera in the future. Clostridium genus but possibly omitted from ref 2, also reviewed 639 Clostridium cellulovorans 743BT NR 102875 * Clostridium cadaveris JCM 1392T NR 104695 - Most recent addition to any cluster was 2009 ‘Clostridium neonatale’ Review: 47 Clostridium frigidicarnis SPL77AT NR 024919 99 Clostridium hydrogeniformans BL-20T NR 115712 * Cluster II: 3 species assigned to genus 100 Clostridium chauvoei 2585T NR 026013 • “C. neonatale” was first recovered from an outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) 60 Clostridium septicum ATCC 12464T NR 026020 42 Clostridium carnis ATCC 25777T NR 044716 Hathewaya (2) • “Clostridium neonatale” clinical features were first described by Alfa et al in 2002 (ref 3) 88 Clostridium isatidis WV6T NR 026347 * Clostridium sartagoforme DSM 1292T NR 026490 Cluster III: 15 Clostridium species; none as yet 6262 Clostridium tertium JCM 6289T NR 113325 • “C. neonatale” microbiological features were cited in brief in clinical paper but were NOT 29 Clostridium quinii DSM 6736T NR 026149 2298 Clostridium celatum DSM 1785T NR 026167 reassigned to new genera formally described/validated at that time 99 Clostridium disporicum DS1T NR 026491 Clostridium (Eubacterium) tarantellae UM-87T NR 104741 Cluster IV: 5 species, 4 not as yet reassigned • “C. neonatale” microbiological features have been recently revisited as part of exercise 87 Clostridium (Sarcina) maximum DSM 316T NR 026147 100 Clostridium (Sarcina) ventriculi DSM 286T NR 026146 Cluster V: 2 species assigned to genus 56 Eubacterium budayi JCM 9989T NR 024682 to finally validly describe this organism (2017 ECCMID, ref 5) 93 Eubacterium nitritogenes JCM 6485T NR 024684 83 18 Clostridium baratii IP 2227T NR 029229 Thermanaerobacter (1) • “C. neonatale” has been recovered in at least France and several studies involving a 58 100 Clostridium sardiniense DSM 2632T NR 112226 55 Clostridium (Eubacterium) moniliforme JCM 9990T NR 113037 Cluster VI: 2 species assigned to genus reference strain (NML 99A005T) had been published 23 Clostridium colicanis 3WC2T NR 028964 Clostridium perfringens JCM 1290T NR 113204 * Clostridium botulinum type E (Iwanai) X68170 C. botulinum Moorella (1) 100 • Characteristics of “Clostridium neonatale” have been summarized, including Clostridium botulinum Type F (Eklund 202F ATCC 23387) group II 87 Clostridium botulinum Type B (Eklund 17B ATCC 25765) Cluster VII: 2 species assigned to genus biochemical, cellular fatty acids, AST, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole genome 2011 Clostridium uliginosum CK55T NR 028920 * 7 Clostridium gasigenes DSM 12272T NR 024945 Clostridium paraputrificum JCM 1293T NR 113021 Thermoanaerobacterium (1) sequencing of 2 reference strains (99A005T and 99A006) (5) 45 Clostridium vincentii DSM 10228T NR 026336 8 Clostridium chartatabidum 163T NR 029239 Cluster IX: 1 species assigned to genus 3 Clostridium neonatale NML99-A-005T AF275949 REFERENCES CITED 55 Clostridium butyricum JCM 1391T NR 113244 (Type Species) Dendrosporobacter 56 Clostridium chromiireducens GCAF-1T NR 122090 * 1. Collins, Lawson, Willems et al. 1994. Phylogeny of the Genus Clostridium: proposal of five new Genera and 74 Clostridium saccharobutylicum NCP 262T NR 121710 Cluster XI: 19 species of which 9 have been 22 Clostridium puniceum BL 70/20T NR 026105 Eleven new species combinations. IJSEM 44: 812-826 99 45 Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4(HMT)T NR 102516 64 Clostridium beijerinckii JCM 1390T NR 113388 assigned to 7 genera, including genus 2. Lawson and Rainey. 2016 Proposal to restrict the genus Clostridium Prazmowski to Clostridium butyricum 99 Clostridium diolis SH1T NR 025542 * Clostridium roseum strain 653T NR 029354 ‘Clostridioides’ for C. difficile (6). and related species. IJSEM 66: 1009-1016 97 Clostridium aestuarii HY-45-18T NR 043569 * 74 Clostridium ganghwense HY-42-06T NR 043266 * 3. Alfa, M., D. Robson, M. Davi, K. Bernard, P. VanCaeseele, G.K. Harding. 2002 CID 35 (suppl 1) S101-S105. Clostridium grantii A1T NR 026131
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Clostridial Septicemia with Intravascular Hemolysis: a Case Report G
    Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal Volume 13 | Number 4 Article 4 12-1965 Clostridial Septicemia With Intravascular Hemolysis: A Case Report G. M. Mastio E. Morfin Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/hfhmedjournal Part of the Life Sciences Commons, Medical Specialties Commons, and the Public Health Commons Recommended Citation Mastio, G. M. and Morfin, E. (1965) "Clostridial Septicemia With Intravascular Hemolysis: A Case Report," Henry Ford Hospital Medical Bulletin : Vol. 13 : No. 4 , 421-425. Available at: https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/hfhmedjournal/vol13/iss4/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Henry Ford Health System Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal by an authorized editor of Henry Ford Health System Scholarly Commons. Henry Ford Hosp. Med. Bull. Vol. 13, December 1965 CLOSTRIDIAL SEPTICEMIA WITH INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS A CASE REPORT G. M. MASTIC, M.D. AND E. MORFIN, M.D. In 1871 Bottini' demonstrated the bacterial nature of gas gangrene, but failed to isolate a causal organism. Clostridium perfringens, sometimes known as Clostridium welchii, was discovered independently during 1892 and 1893 by Welch, Frankel, "Veillon and Zuber.^ This organism is a saprophytic inhabitant of the intestinal tract, and may be a harmless saprophyte of the female genital tract occurring in the vagina in 4-6 per cent of pregnant women. Clostridial organisms occur in great numbers and distribution throughout the world. Because of this, they are very common in traumatic wounds. Very few species of Clostridia, however, are pathogenic, and still fewer are capable of producing gas gangrene in man.
    [Show full text]
  • Naeglaria and Brain Infections
    Can bacteria shrink tumors? Cancer Therapy: The Microbial Approach n this age of advanced injected live Streptococcus medical science and into cancer patients but after I technology, we still the recipients unfortunately continue to hunt for died from subsequent innovative cancer therapies infections, Coley decided to that prove effective and safe. use heat killed bacteria. He Treatments that successfully made a mixture of two heat- eradicate tumors while at the killed bacterial species, By Alan Barajas same time cause as little Streptococcus pyogenes and damage as possible to normal Serratia marcescens. This Alani Barajas is a Research and tissue are the ultimate goal, concoction was termed Development Technician at Hardy but are also not easy to find. “Coley’s toxins.” Bacteria Diagnostics. She earned her bachelor's degree in Microbiology at were either injected into Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo. The use of microorganisms in tumors or into the cancer therapy is not a new bloodstream. During her studies at Cal Poly, much idea but it is currently a of her time was spent as part of the undergraduate research team for the buzzing topic in cancer Cal Poly Dairy Products Technology therapy research. Center studying spore-forming bacteria in dairy products. In the late 1800s, German Currently she is working on new physicians W. Busch and F. chromogenic media formulations for Fehleisen both individually Hardy Diagnostics, both in the observed that certain cancers prepared and powdered forms. began to regress when patients acquired accidental erysipelas (cellulitis) caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. William Coley was the first to use New York surgeon William bacterial injections to treat cancer www.HardyDiagnostics.com patients.
    [Show full text]
  • Botulism: Guidance for Health Care Providers Key Medical and Public Health Interventions After Identification of a Suspected Case
    Virginia Department of Health Botulism: Guidance for Health Care Providers Key Medical and Public Health Interventions after Identification of a Suspected Case Table of Contents 1. Epidemiology ........................................................................................................................................ 1 2. Clinical Manifestations .......................................................................................................................... 2 3. Laboratory Testing and Diagnosis ......................................................................................................... 3 4. Treatment ............................................................................................................................................. 6 5. Post-exposure Prophylaxis .................................................................................................................... 6 6. Vaccination ........................................................................................................................................... 6 7. Infection Control ................................................................................................................................... 6 8. Decontamination .................................................................................................................................. 7 9. Postmortem Practices ........................................................................................................................... 7 10. Public Health
    [Show full text]
  • Fatty Acid Diets: Regulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Dysbiosis
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Fatty Acid Diets: Regulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Dysbiosis David Johane Machate 1, Priscila Silva Figueiredo 2 , Gabriela Marcelino 2 , Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães 2,*, Priscila Aiko Hiane 2 , Danielle Bogo 2, Verônica Assalin Zorgetto Pinheiro 2, Lincoln Carlos Silva de Oliveira 3 and Arnildo Pott 1 1 Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; [email protected] (D.J.M.); [email protected] (A.P.) 2 Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; pri.fi[email protected] (P.S.F.); [email protected] (G.M.); [email protected] (P.A.H.); [email protected] (D.B.); [email protected] (V.A.Z.P.) 3 Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-67-3345-7416 Received: 9 March 2020; Accepted: 27 March 2020; Published: 8 June 2020 Abstract: Long-term high-fat dietary intake plays a crucial role in the composition of gut microbiota in animal models and human subjects, which affect directly short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and host health. This review aims to highlight the interplay of fatty acid (FA) intake and gut microbiota composition and its interaction with hosts in health promotion and obesity prevention and its related metabolic dysbiosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Ph and Temperature on Microbial Community Structure And
    Calicioglu et al. Biotechnol Biofuels (2018) 11:275 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-018-1278-6 Biotechnology for Biofuels RESEARCH Open Access Efect of pH and temperature on microbial community structure and carboxylic acid yield during the acidogenic digestion of duckweed Ozgul Calicioglu1, Michael J. Shreve1, Tom L. Richard2 and Rachel A. Brennan1* Abstract Background: Duckweeds (Lemnaceae) are efcient aquatic plants for wastewater treatment due to their high nutri- ent-uptake capabilities and resilience to severe environmental conditions. Combined with their rapid growth rates, high starch, and low lignin contents, duckweeds have also gained popularity as a biofuel feedstock for thermochemi- cal conversion and alcohol fermentation. However, studies on the acidogenic anaerobic digestion of duckweed into carboxylic acids, another group of chemicals which are precursors of higher-value chemicals and biofuels, are lacking. In this study, a series of laboratory batch experiments were performed to determine the favorable operating condi- tions (i.e., temperature and pH) to maximize carboxylic acid production from wastewater-derived duckweed during acidogenic digestion. Batch reactors with 25 g/l solid loading were operated anaerobically for 21 days under meso- philic (35 °C) or thermophilic (55 °C) conditions at an acidic (5.3) or basic (9.2) pH. At the conclusion of the experiment, the dominant microbial communities under various operating conditions were assessed using high-throughput sequencing. Results: The highest duckweed–carboxylic acid conversion of 388 28 mg acetic acid equivalent per gram volatile solids was observed under mesophilic and basic conditions, with an± average production rate of 0.59 g/l/day. This result is comparable to those reported for acidogenic digestion of other organics such as food waste.
    [Show full text]
  • Blackleg and Clostridial Diseases
    DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE RESEARCH & EXTENSION UJA--University of Arkansas System Agriculture and atural Resources FSA3073 Livestock Health eries Blackleg and Other Clostridial Diseases symptoms. Therefore, prevention of Heidi Ward, Introduction these diseases through immunization VM, Ph Clostridial bacteria cause several is more successful than trying to treat Assistant Professor diseases that affect cattle and other infected animals. and Veterinarian farm animals. This group of bacteria is known to produce toxins with varying effects based on the way they enter the Blackleg Jeremy Powell, body. The bacteria are frequently Blackleg, or clostridial myositis, VM, Ph found in the environment (primarily in affects cattle worldwide and is caused Professor the soil) and tend to multiply in warm by Clostridium chauvoei. Susceptible weather following heavy rain. The animals first ingest endospores. The bacteria are also found in the intes - endospores then cross over the gastro - tinal tracts of healthy farm animals, intestinal tract and enter the blood- where they only cause disease under stream where they are deposited in certain circumstances. The most muscle tissue in the animal’s body. common diseases caused by clostridial They then lie dormant in the tissue bacteria in beef cattle are blackleg, until they become activated and enterotoxemia, malignant edema, black trigger the disease. disease and tetanus. These diseases Clostridium chauvoei is activated are usually seen in young cattle (less in an anaerobic (oxygen deficient) than 2 years of age) and are widely environment such as damaged, distributed throughout Arkansas. devitalized or bruised tissue. Events Bacteria of the Clostridium genus such as transport, rough handling or produce long-lived structures called aggressive pasture activity can lead to endospores.
    [Show full text]
  • Blackleg ( Clostridium Chauvoei Infection) in Beef Calves: a Review and Presentation of Two Cases with Uncommon Pathologic Presentations
    PEER REVIEWED Blackleg ( Clostridium chauvoei Infection) in Beef Calves: A Review and Presentation of Two Cases with Uncommon Pathologic Presentations 1 2 Russell F. Daly ·, DVM; Dale W. Miskimins1, DVM, MS; Roland G. Good , DVM; Thomas Stenberg', DVM 1Veterinary Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 2Parker Veterinary Clinic, Parker, SD 57053-5661 3Volga Veterinary Clinic, Volga, SD 57071-2006 *Corresponding author: Russ Daly, 605-688-6589 Office, [email protected] Abstract laires sont bien connues et incluent des changements sous cutanes gelatineux et gazeux de meme que des Blackleg (Clostridium chauvoei infection) has long necroses musculaires bien demarquees. Des zones de been recognized as a cause of death in calves grazing necrose peuvent aussi etre presentes dans le myocarde, summer pastures. Clinical signs are not often observed le diaphragme et la langue par exemple. Les lesions in affected calves due to the peracute nature of the macroscopiques primaires chez les animaux examines disease, but may include fever, lameness, and swelling etaient associees a des pleuresies et a des pericardites. and crepitation over large muscle groups, followed by Des lesions de charbon symptomatique plus typiques se collapse and death. Typical gross and histopathologic retrouvaient chez certains mais pas chez tous les veaux lesions in these muscle groups are well-described and atteints et incluaient une necrose dans les muscles de include gelatinous, gassy subcutaneous changes, along la cuisse et de l'abdomen, une decoloration foncee du with well-defined muscle necrosis. Areas of necrosis can muscle du diaphragme et des indices histologiques de also be present in myocardium, diaphragm, and tongue, myocardite necrotique.
    [Show full text]
  • Significance of Donor Human Milk
    fmicb-09-01376 June 26, 2018 Time: 17:31 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 27 June 2018 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01376 Preterm Gut Microbiome Depending on Feeding Type: Significance of Donor Human Milk Anna Parra-Llorca1, María Gormaz1,2, Cristina Alcántara3, María Cernada1,2, Antonio Nuñez-Ramiro1,2, Máximo Vento1,2*† and Maria C. Collado3*† 1 Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain, 2 Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain, 3 Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia, Spain Preterm microbial colonization is affected by gestational age, antibiotic treatment, type of birth, but also by type of feeding. Breast milk has been acknowledged as the gold standard for human nutrition. In preterm infants breast milk has been associated with improved growth and cognitive development and a reduced risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and late onset sepsis. In the absence of their mother’s own milk (MOM), pasteurized donor human milk (DHM) could be the best available alternative due to its similarity to the former. However, little is known about the effect of DHM upon preterm Edited by: Sandra Torriani, microbiota and potential biological implications. Our objective was to determine the University of Verona, Italy impact of DHM upon preterm gut microbiota admitted in a referral neonatal intensive Reviewed by: care unit (NICU). A prospective observational cohort study in NICU of 69 neonates Carlotta De Filippo, <32 weeks of gestation and with a birth weight ≤1,500 g was conducted.
    [Show full text]
  • Bloat in Young Calves
    CALF REARING < FOCUS I ECG OF THE MONTH Bloat in young calves Cases of bloat in calves, including a condition found in both dairy and beef herds, have increased in recent years in both the UK and Ireland and around the world. Dr Jessica Cooke BSc PhD, Volac, Hertfordshire, UK, discusses how bloat can affect the abomasum WHAT IS ABOMASAL BLOAT? considerable time. The osmolality of whole milk has been Abomasal bloat is caused primarily by the excess shown to increase from 265-533mOsm/L, with increasing fermentation of high-energy, gastrointestinal contents in total solids from 13.5-20.4%, respectively; but this increase the abomasum (from milk, milk replacer, or high-energy up to 500mOsm/L, did not affect the passage rate, nutrient oral electrolyte solution), along with the presence of digestibility or faecal score (Azevedo et al, 2016). Reference fermentative enzymes (produced by bacteria), resulting in values for osmolality are not well established, but it has the production of an excess quantity of gas, which cannot been recommended that fluids with an osmolality of more be evacuated from the abomasum (Burgstaller et al, than 600mOsm/L should be offered with caution, and 2017). This process is exacerbated by anything that slows they should never be provided when water is not available down the rate of abomasal emptying, since it will give the (McGuirk 2003). The osmolality of some milk replacers bacteria already present in the stomach additional time mixed at 13% (150g powder plus 1L of water) has recently for fermentation of carbohydrates. The exact aetiology been estimated at around 310-330mOsm/L (Wittek et al, is unknown but it involves both bacteria that produce a 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • Production of Bio-Hydrogen from Dairy Wastewater Using Pretreated Landfill
    Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering VOL. 127 No. 2, 150e159, 2019 www.elsevier.com/locate/jbiosc Production of bio-hydrogen from dairy wastewater using pretreated landfill leachate sludge as an inoculum Yee Meng Wong,1,2 Pau Loke Show,3 Ta Yeong Wu,4 Hui Yi Leong,3 Shaliza Ibrahim,5 and Joon Ching Juan1,2,* School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 46150 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia,1 Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,2 Bioseparation Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia,3 Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 46150 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia,4 and Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia5 Received 26 February 2018; accepted 15 July 2018 Available online 15 September 2018 Bio-hydrogen production from wastewater using sludge as inoculum is a sustainable approach for energy production. This study investigated the influence of initial pH and temperature on bio-hydrogen production from dairy wastewater using pretreated landfill leachate sludge (LLS) as an inoculum. The maximum yield of 113.2 ± 2.9 mmol H2/g chemical oxygen demand (COD) (12.8 ± 0.3 mmol H2/g carbohydrates) was obtained at initial pH 6 and 37 C. The main products of volatile fatty acids were acetate and butyrate with the ratio of acetate:butyrate was 0.4. At optimum condition, Gibb’s free energy was estimated at L40 kJ/mol, whereas the activation enthalpy and entropy were 65 kJ/mol and 0.128 kJ/mol/ l, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Clostridium Amazonitimonense, Clostridium Me
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’, ‘Clostridium merdae’, ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’ and ‘Clostridium nigeriense’ M. T. Alou1, S. Ndongo1, L. Frégère1, N. Labas1, C. Andrieu1, M. Richez1, C. Couderc1, J.-P. Baudoin1, J. Abrahão2, S. Brah3, A. Diallo1,4, C. Sokhna1,4, N. Cassir1, B. La Scola1, F. Cadoret1 and D. Raoult1,5 1) Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France, 2) Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 3) Hopital National de Niamey, BP 247, Niamey, Niger, 4) Campus Commun UCAD-IRD of Hann, Route des pères Maristes, Hann Maristes, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal and 5) Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Abstract Culturomics investigates microbial diversity of the human microbiome by combining diversified culture conditions, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene identification. The present study allowed identification of four putative new Clostridium sensu stricto species: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’ strain LF2T, ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’ strain MT26T, ‘Clostridium nigeriense’ strain Marseille-P2414T and ‘Clostridium merdae’ strain Marseille-P2953T, which we describe using the concept of taxonogenomics. We describe the main characteristics of each bacterium and present their complete genome sequence and annotation. © 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords: ‘Clostridium amazonitimonense’, ‘Clostridium massilidielmoense’, ‘Clostridium merdae’, ‘Clostridium nigeriense’, culturomics, emerging bacteria, human microbiota, taxonogenomics Original Submission: 18 August 2017; Revised Submission: 9 November 2017; Accepted: 16 November 2017 Article published online: 22 November 2017 intestine [1,4–6].
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Obesity, Energy Restriction and Neutering on the Faecal Microbiota of Cats
    Downloaded from British Journal of Nutrition (2017), 118, 513–524 doi:10.1017/S0007114517002379 © The Authors 2017 https://www.cambridge.org/core Effects of obesity, energy restriction and neutering on the faecal microbiota of cats Manuela M. Fischer1*, Alexandre M. Kessler2, Dorothy A. Kieffer3, Trina A. Knotts3, Kyoungmi Kim4, . IP address: Alfreda Wei3, Jon J. Ramsey3 and Andrea J. Fascetti3 1Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis – UniRitter, Porto Alegre, RS 91240-261, Brazil 170.106.202.126 2Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil 3Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA 4Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA (Submitted 16 September 2016 – Final revision received 17 July 2017 – Accepted 9 August 2017 – First published online 29 September 2017) , on 02 Oct 2021 at 04:20:02 Abstract Surveys report that 25–57 % of cats are overweight or obese. The most evinced cause is neutering. Weight loss often fails; thus, new strategies are needed. Obesity has been associated with altered gut bacterial populations and increases in microbial dietary energy extraction, body weight and adiposity. This study aimed to determine whether alterations in intestinal bacteria were associated with obesity, energy restriction , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at and neutering by characterising faecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in eight lean intact, eight lean neutered and eight obese neutered cats before and after 6 weeks of energy restriction.
    [Show full text]