DOCSLIB.ORG

UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Life Cycle of Disability in Ancient Greece Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jg5z235 Author Sneed, Deborah Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The Life Cycle of Disability in Ancient Greece A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Archaeology by Deborah Sneed 2018 © Copyright by Deborah Sneed 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Life Cycle of Disability in Ancient Greece by Deborah Sneed Doctor of Philosophy in Archaeology University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor Sarah P. Morris, Chair Through the lenses of Disability Studies and archaeological theories of identity, I use ancient Greek art, literature, architecture, laws, and bioarchaeology to investigate how ancient Greek communities (ca. 1000 to 100 BCE) understood, treated, and accommodated physical disability among their members. Most specifically, I trace how the intersection of disability with age resulted in different negotiations for infants, children, adults, and the elderly, as well as for mythological figures like the limping god Hephaistos. I demonstrate that far from being ejected from their families or communities, disabled ancient Greeks were integrated where they could be and accommodated where they couldn’t. I highlight, for example, the ways that parents and midwives assisted infants who were born with conditions like cleft palate, as well as military exemptions for disabled adult men in 4th century BCE Athens. I emphasize how individuals with a variety of somatic realities participated and engaged in their communities. By removing disability from a biomedical frame of reference, with its attendant prejudices and estimations of ability predicated on modern modes of production and interaction, and re-locating it to an active, ii social context, I demonstrate the contingent and constructed nature of disability and resist generalizations about the universal plight of the disabled in the past. iii The dissertation of Deborah Sneed is approved. David L. Blank Helen E. Deutsch Gail E. Kennedy John K. Papadopoulos Sarah P. Morris, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2018 iv To my parents, Cheri and David, and to Scott v Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ viii Preface ....................................................................................................................................................... xiii Vita ............................................................................................................................................................ xvii Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Disability Studies ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Foundational Scholarship on Disability in Antiquity ........................................................................ 11 Evidence ................................................................................................................................................. 24 Why It Matters ...................................................................................................................................... 27 Outline of dissertation .......................................................................................................................... 29 Chapter 1: Disabled Newborns in Ancient Greece ..................................................................................... 33 Competing attitudes .............................................................................................................................. 36 Plutarch on a Spartan law regarding deformed infants .................................................................... 39 Plato and Aristotle on ideal societies ................................................................................................... 44 Hippocrates, On Joints .......................................................................................................................... 47 Weasel-armed infants .......................................................................................................................... 50 Clubfooted infants ............................................................................................................................... 52 Dwarfs ................................................................................................................................................. 52 Other textual evidence .......................................................................................................................... 56 Feeding bottles ....................................................................................................................................... 59 Distribution in time and space ............................................................................................................ 60 Attributing function to feeding bottles ................................................................................................ 62 Cleft conditions ................................................................................................................................... 66 Feeding bottles associated with sick or deformed infants .................................................................. 71 “Babies in the well” ............................................................................................................................... 73 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 75 Chapter 2: Disabled Children in Ancient Greece ........................................................................................ 92 Who is a child? ...................................................................................................................................... 95 Protecting children .............................................................................................................................. 101 Appeals to the gods ........................................................................................................................... 101 Magic ................................................................................................................................................ 108 Calling physicians ............................................................................................................................. 111 Alternative measures ......................................................................................................................... 114 Parents as a source of comfort and assistance ................................................................................. 115 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 117 Chapter 3: Disabled Adults in Ancient Greece ......................................................................................... 128 vi Hazards of ancient life ........................................................................................................................ 130 Military ................................................................................................................................................ 135 Marriage and reproduction ............................................................................................................... 144 Religion ................................................................................................................................................ 149 Labor and the economy ...................................................................................................................... 155 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 164 Chapter 4: The Elderly Disabled in Ancient Greece ................................................................................. 182 The theory of aging ............................................................................................................................. 184 Biological consequences of old age in ancient Greece ...................................................................... 190 Bioarchaeological evidence for old age-related degeneration ......................................................... 190 Medical and literary discussions of the consequences of old age..................................................... 195 Depictions of old age in ancient Greek vase painting ...................................................................... 200 Depictions of old age in ancient Greek sculpture ............................................................................. 204 The experience of old age in ancient Greece ..................................................................................... 207
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Cave of the Nymphs at Pharsalus Brill Studies in Greek and Roman Epigraphy
    The Cave of the Nymphs at Pharsalus Brill Studies in Greek and Roman Epigraphy Editorial Board John Bodel (Brown University) Adele Scafuro (Brown University) VOLUME 6 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bsgre The Cave of the Nymphs at Pharsalus Studies on a Thessalian Country Shrine By Robert S. Wagman LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: Pharsala. View of the Karapla hill and the cave of the Nymphs from N, 1922 (SAIA, Archivio Fotografico B 326) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Wagman, Robert S. Title: The Cave of the Nymphs at Pharsalus : studies on a Thessalian country shrine / by Robert S. Wagman. Description: Boston : Brill, 2015. | Series: Brill studies in Greek and Roman epigraphy, ISSN 1876-2557 ; volume 6 | Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Identifiers: LCCN 2015032381| ISBN 9789004297616 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9789004297623 (e-book) Subjects: LCSH: Thessaly (Greece)—Antiquities. | Excavations (Archaeology)—Greece—Thessaly. | Inscriptions—Greece—Thessaly. | Farsala (Greece)—Antiquities. | Excavations (Archaeology)—Greece—Farsala. | Inscriptions—Greece—Farsala. | Nymphs (Greek deities) Classification: LCC DF221.T4 W34 2015 | DDC 938/.2—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015032381 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1876-2557 isbn 978-90-04-29761-6 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-29762-3 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cosmic Myths of Homer and Hesiod
    Oral Tradition, 2/1 (1987): 31-53 The Cosmic Myths of Homer and Hesiod Eric A. Havelock I HOMER’S COSMIC IMAGERY Embedded in the narratives of the Homeric poems are a few passages which open windows on the ways in which the Homeric poet envisioned the cosmos around him. They occur as brief digressions, offering powerful but by no means consistent images, intruding into the narrative and then vanishing from it, but always prompted by some suitable context. A. Iliad 5.748-52 and 768-69 The Greeks in battle being pressed hard by the Trojans, assisted by the god Ares; the goddesses Hera and Athene decide to equalize the encounter by descending from Olympus to help the Greeks. A servant assembles the components of Hera’s chariot: body, wheels, spokes, axle, felloe, tires, naves, platform, rails, pole, yoke are all itemized in sequence, comprising a formulaic account of a mechanical operation: Hera herself attaches the horses to the car. Athene on her side is provided by the poet with a corresponding “arming scene”; she fi nally mounts the chariot and the two of them proceed: 748 Hera swiftly with whip set upon the horses 749 and self-moving the gates of heaven creaked, which the seasons kept 750 to whom is committed great heaven and Olympus 751 either to swing open the thick cloud or to shut it back. 752 Straight through between them they kept the horses goaded-and-driven. 32 ERIC A. HAVELOCK 768 Hera whipped up the horses, and the pair unhesitant fl ew on 769 in midspace between earth and heaven star-studded.
    [Show full text]
  • 1922 Elizabeth T
    co.rYRIG HT, 192' The Moootainetro !scot1oror,d The MOUNTAINEER VOLUME FIFTEEN Number One D EC E M BER 15, 1 9 2 2 ffiount Adams, ffiount St. Helens and the (!oat Rocks I ncoq)Ora,tecl 1913 Organized 190!i EDITORlAL ST AitF 1922 Elizabeth T. Kirk,vood, Eclttor Margaret W. Hazard, Associate Editor· Fairman B. L�e, Publication Manager Arthur L. Loveless Effie L. Chapman Subsc1·iption Price. $2.00 per year. Annual ·(onl�') Se,·ent�·-Five Cents. Published by The Mountaineers lncorJ,orated Seattle, Washington Enlerecl as second-class matter December 15, 19t0. at the Post Office . at . eattle, "\Yash., under the .-\0t of March 3. 1879. .... I MOUNT ADAMS lllobcl Furrs AND REFLEC'rION POOL .. <§rtttings from Aristibes (. Jhoutribes Author of "ll3ith the <6obs on lltount ®l!!mµus" �. • � J� �·,,. ., .. e,..:,L....._d.L.. F_,,,.... cL.. ��-_, _..__ f.. pt",- 1-� r�._ '-';a_ ..ll.-�· t'� 1- tt.. �ti.. ..._.._....L- -.L.--e-- a';. ��c..L. 41- �. C4v(, � � �·,,-- �JL.,�f w/U. J/,--«---fi:( -A- -tr·�� �, : 'JJ! -, Y .,..._, e� .,...,____,� � � t-..__., ,..._ -u..,·,- .,..,_, ;-:.. � --r J /-e,-i L,J i-.,( '"'; 1..........,.- e..r- ,';z__ /-t.-.--,r� ;.,-.,.....__ � � ..-...,.,-<. ,.,.f--· :tL. ��- ''F.....- ,',L � .,.__ � 'f- f-� --"- ��7 � �. � �;')'... f ><- -a.c__ c/ � r v-f'.fl,'7'71.. I /!,,-e..-,K-// ,l...,"4/YL... t:l,._ c.J.� J..,_-...A 'f ',y-r/� �- lL.. ��•-/IC,/ ,V l j I '/ ;· , CONTENTS i Page Greetings .......................................................................tlristicles }!}, Phoiitricles ........ r The Mount Adams, Mount St. Helens, and the Goat Rocks Outing .......................................... B1/.ith Page Bennett 9 1 Selected References from Preceding Mount Adams and Mount St.
    [Show full text]
  • Palladas and the Age of Constantine Author(S): KEVIN W
    Palladas and the Age of Constantine Author(s): KEVIN W. WILKINSON Source: The Journal of Roman Studies , 2009, Vol. 99 (2009), pp. 36-60 Published by: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies constantinethegreatcoins.com Palladas and the Age of Constantine* KEVIN W. WILKINSON The poet and grammarian Palladas of Alexandria, author of more than 150 epigrams in the Greek Anthology, has remained a somewhat elusive figure. Though no epigrammatist is better represented in our two major sources for the Anthology, scarcely a trace of his exist- ence survives outside of his corpus of poems. His identity was so shadowy in the Byzantine period that he did not even warrant a mention in the Suda. By the tenth century, therefore, and presumably long before that time, 'Palladas' was merely the name of a man who had written some decent epigrams. Several clues remain, however, that allow us to locate him in a particular historical context. The history of scholarship on this problem is long and complex, but two rough timelines for his life have been proposed. The traditional estimate of his dates was c. A.D. 360-450. This was revised in the middle of the twentieth century to c. A.D. 319-400. It is my contention that the first of these is about a century too late and the second approximately sixty years too late. Such challenges to long-held opinion do not always enjoy a happy fate. Nevertheless, there are those cases in which the weight of scholarly tradition rests on surprisingly shaky foundations and in which a careful review of the evidence can result in significant improvements.1 The following argument proceeds in six stages: summary of the foundations for the traditional dates (1) and the current consensus (11); discussion of two external clues (in); challenge to the prevailing views (iv); construction of a new timeline (v); conclusions (vi).
    [Show full text]
  • Handout 2008 for Dialogue 20
    Dialogue 20 The hero as mirror of men’s and women’s experiences. Key word: telos ‘coming full circle, rounding out, fulfillment, completion, ending, end; successfully passing through an ordeal; ritual, rite’. To be linked with another key word, athlos (aethlos) ‘contest, ordeal; competition’; derivative word: athlētēs ‘athlete’; related concepts are agōn ‘contest, ordeal; competition’ and ponos ‘pain’ [sharp, shooting pain] and kamatos ‘pain’ [dull, aching pain]. Note the beginning of the Hippolytus. At line 32, there is a reference to a sacred space in Athens where Aphroditē epi hippolutōi ‘Our Lady of Horses Unbridled’ is worshipped; this name contains the imagery of chariot-driving. Experiences that are ingredients for coming of age, initiation, rite of passage men’s experiences: song and dance, marriage; athletics; hunting, war women’s experiences: song and dance, marriage; athletics [mostly running]; menstruation, childbirth The underlinings indicate asymmetry from a modern point of view but symmetry from an ancient point of view. A) Euripides Hippolytus 73-87: For you, goddess, I bring this woven garland, culled from a virgin meadow, where it is not fit for the shepherd to pasture his flocks, nor has iron yet come there, but unspoiled still in springtime the bees fly through this meadow. Aidōs tends it with pure river water, and those who by their nature always use moderation [sōphrosunē] in all things, instead of having learned it, they can pick flowers, but it is not lawful [themis] for the kakos. Philē mistress, for your golden locks accept this headband from my reverent hand. I alone among mortals have this privilege: I keep company with you and make conversation, hearing your voice although not seeing your face.
    [Show full text]
  • Toronto! Welcome to the 118Th Joint Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America and the Society for Classical Studies
    TORONTO, ONTARIO JANUARY 5–8, 2017 Welcome to Toronto! Welcome to the 118th Joint Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America and the Society for Classical Studies. This year we return to Toronto, one of North America’s most vibrant and cosmopolitan cities. Our sessions will take place at the Sheraton Centre Toronto Hotel in the heart of the city, near its famed museums and other cultural organizations. Close by, you will find numerous restaurants representing the diverse cuisines of the citizens of this great metropolis. We are delighted to take this opportunity of celebrating the cultural heritage of Canada. The academic program is rich in sessions that explore advances in archaeology in Europe, the Table of Contents Mediterranean, Western Asia, and beyond. Among the highlights are thematic sessions and workshops on archaeological method and theory, museology, and also professional career General Information .........3 challenges. I thank Ellen Perry, Chair, and all the members of the Program for the Annual Meeting Program-at-a-Glance .....4-7 Committee for putting together such an excellent program. I also want to commend and thank our friends in Toronto who have worked so hard to make this meeting a success, including Vice Present Exhibitors .......................8-9 Margaret Morden, Professor Michael Chazan, Professor Catherine Sutton, and Ms. Adele Keyes. Thursday, January 5 The Opening Night Public Lecture will be delivered by Dr. James P. Delgado, one of the world’s Day-at-a-Glance ..........10 most distinguished maritime archaeologists. Among other important responsibilities, Dr. Delgado was Executive Director of the Vancouver Maritime Museum, Canada, for 15 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient History Sourcebook: 11Th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA an Ancient City in Greece, the Capital of Laconia and the Most Powerful State of the Peloponnese
    Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA AN ancient city in Greece, the capital of Laconia and the most powerful state of the Peloponnese. The city lay at the northern end of the central Laconian plain, on the right bank of the river Eurotas, a little south of the point where it is joined by its largest tributary, the Oenus (mount Kelefina). The site is admirably fitted by nature to guard the only routes by which an army can penetrate Laconia from the land side, the Oenus and Eurotas valleys leading from Arcadia, its northern neighbour, and the Langada Pass over Mt Taygetus connecting Laconia and Messenia. At the same time its distance from the sea-Sparta is 27 m. from its seaport, Gythium, made it invulnerable to a maritime attack. I.-HISTORY Prehistoric Period.-Tradition relates that Sparta was founded by Lacedaemon, son of Zeus and Taygete, who called the city after the name of his wife, the daughter of Eurotas. But Amyclae and Therapne (Therapnae) seem to have been in early times of greater importance than Sparta, the former a Minyan foundation a few miles to the south of Sparta, the latter probably the Achaean capital of Laconia and the seat of Menelaus, Agamemnon's younger brother. Eighty years after the Trojan War, according to the traditional chronology, the Dorian migration took place. A band of Dorians united with a body of Aetolians to cross the Corinthian Gulf and invade the Peloponnese from the northwest. The Aetolians settled in Elis, the Dorians pushed up to the headwaters of the Alpheus, where they divided into two forces, one of which under Cresphontes invaded and later subdued Messenia, while the other, led by Aristodemus or, according to another version, by his twin sons Eurysthenes and Procles, made its way down the Eurotas were new settlements were formed and gained Sparta, which became the Dorian capital of Laconia.
    [Show full text]
  • Marathon 2,500 Years Edited by Christopher Carey & Michael Edwards
    MARATHON 2,500 YEARS EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SUPPLEMENT 124 DIRECTOR & GENERAL EDITOR: JOHN NORTH DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS: RICHARD SIMPSON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS PROCEEDINGS OF THE MARATHON CONFERENCE 2010 EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 2013 The cover image shows Persian warriors at Ishtar Gate, from before the fourth century BC. Pergamon Museum/Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin. Photo Mohammed Shamma (2003). Used under CC‐BY terms. All rights reserved. This PDF edition published in 2019 First published in print in 2013 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN: 978-1-905670-81-9 (2019 PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/1019.9781905670819 ISBN: 978-1-905670-52-9 (2013 paperback edition) ©2013 Institute of Classical Studies, University of London The right of contributors to be identified as the authors of the work published here has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Designed and typeset at the Institute of Classical Studies TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductory note 1 P. J. Rhodes The battle of Marathon and modern scholarship 3 Christopher Pelling Herodotus’ Marathon 23 Peter Krentz Marathon and the development of the exclusive hoplite phalanx 35 Andrej Petrovic The battle of Marathon in pre-Herodotean sources: on Marathon verse-inscriptions (IG I3 503/504; Seg Lvi 430) 45 V.
    [Show full text]
  • © in This Web Service Cambridge University
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-52929-7 - The Cambridge Companion to Archaic Greece Edited by H. A. Shapiro Index More information Index S Abdera, 43 agora, 46–48, 147, 204, 212, 213 Abydos, 208 Agylla/Caere, 226 Achaeans/Achaians, 48, 50, 51, 52, 57, Aiakos, 234 74, 112, 113, 118, 120, 123, 202, 207 Aigai, 51 Achaia, 49, 51, 56, 57 Aigeira, 51 Achilles, 103, 111, 112, 113, 114, 118, 119, Aigialeis, 56 120, 121, 122, 126, 268–269, 278 Aigila, 79 Acropolis. See Athens Aigimios. See Dorians Adrastus, 153 Aigina, 77 Aeaces I, tyrant of Samos, 34 Aineias Taktikos, 70 Aeaces II, son of Syloson, 34 Aischines, 50 Aeacids, 32, 34 Aisymnetes, 34 Aeantides, son of Hippocles, 30 Aitnissai. See Aeschylus Aelian, 166 Aitolia, 49, 50, 52 Aeneas, 66 Aitolians, 49, 50, 51 Aeolians, 23 Ajax, 120, 123, 268–269, 278 Aeolic dialect, 113 Akarnania, 49, 50 Aeolus, 216 Akragas, 207, 218, 220 Aeschines/Aiskhines, tyrant of Sicyon, Akrai, 207, 216 24, 243, 244 Al Mina, 203 Aeschylus, 242 Alcaeus/Alkaios of Mytilene, 16–17, 32, Aitnissai, 220 47, 67, 141, 142, 143, 147, 149–150 , Eumenides, 132 152 , 158 , 159 , 160, 162 Aethiopis. See Epic Cycle Alcidamas, poet. See Aetnans, 237 Alcinous, 113, 127 Africa, 207, 210, 211 Alcman of Sparta, 6, 94–95, 147 agalmata, 241 Alcmeonids/Alkmaionids, 29, 30, 31 , 33, Agamemnon, 48, 114, 119, 122–123, 247–251 125–126, 242 Alcock, Susan E., 77 Agariste, daughter of Cleisthenes, 22 Alexander the Great, 3, 6, 222 Agasicles of Halicarnassus, 232, 242, 248 Alexandros. See Paris Agasicles, tyrant of Halicarnassus, 232 Alkmaion, 233 agathoi, 48 Alkmaionides, 233–235, 237, 239, 247 agelai, 90–92, 97 Amaltheia, 236 agoge, 90 Amasis, pharaoh, 247 agonal warfare, 76–77 Ampheia, 77, 78 287 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-52929-7 - The Cambridge Companion to Archaic Greece Edited by H.
    [Show full text]
  • (Eponymous) Heroes
    is is a version of an electronic document, part of the series, Dēmos: Clas- sical Athenian Democracy, a publicationpublication ofof e Stoa: a consortium for electronic publication in the humanities [www.stoa.org]. e electronic version of this article off ers contextual information intended to make the study of Athenian democracy more accessible to a wide audience. Please visit the site at http:// www.stoa.org/projects/demos/home. Athenian Political Art from the fi h and fourth centuries: Images of Tribal (Eponymous) Heroes S e Cleisthenic reforms of /, which fi rmly established democracy at Ath- ens, imposed a new division of Attica into ten tribes, each of which consti- tuted a new political and military unit, but included citizens from each of the three geographical regions of Attica – the city, the coast, and the inland. En- rollment in a tribe (according to heredity) was a manda- tory prerequisite for citizenship. As usual in ancient Athenian aff airs, politics and reli- gion came hand in hand and, a er due consultation with Apollo’s oracle at Delphi, each new tribe was assigned to a particular hero a er whom the tribe was named; the ten Amy C. Smith, “Athenian Political Art from the Fi h and Fourth Centuries : Images of Tribal (Eponymous) Heroes,” in C. Blackwell, ed., Dēmos: Classical Athenian Democracy (A.(A. MahoneyMahoney andand R.R. Scaife,Scaife, edd.,edd., e Stoa: a consortium for electronic publication in the humanities [www.stoa.org], . © , A.C. Smith. tribal heroes are thus known as the eponymous (or name giving) heroes. T : Aristotle indicates that each hero already received worship by the time of the Cleisthenic reforms, although little evi- dence as to the nature of the worship of each hero is now known (Aristot.
    [Show full text]
  • The American School of Classical Studies at Athens
    The American School of Classical Studies at Athens Directory of Members and Staff 2014/2015 For a digital copy, please visit: http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/pdf/uploads/2014-2015memberdirectory.pdf Basic ASCSA Contact information Greece: ASCSA, 54 Souidias Street, GR-106 76, Athens, Greece Telephone: (+30) 213 000 2400 / Fax: (+30) 210 725 0584 Gennadius Library: 210-721-0536 Agora Excavations: 210-331-0963 Corinth Excavations: 274-103-1334 (Hill House) ASCSA Guardhouse: 213-000-2400, ext. 132 US: 6-8 Charlton Street, Princeton, NJ 08540-5232, USA Telephone: (+1) 609-683-0800 / Fax: (+1) 609-924-0578 Vision/Mission/Philosophy of the ASCSA Vision: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens (ASCSA) strives to maintain and enhance its position as the preeminent center for the study of the Greek world from antiquity to the present day. Mission: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens advances knowledge of Greece in all periods, as well as other areas of the classical world, by training young scholars, sponsoring and promoting archaeological fieldwork, providing resources for scholarly work, and disseminating research. The ASCSA is also charged by the Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Tourism with primary responsibility for all American archaeological research, and seeks to support the investigation, preservation, and presentation of Greece’s cultural heritage. Philosophy: The study of Greece from antiquity to the present day is critical for understanding the civilizations, history and culture of the Mediterranean, Europe, and Western Asia. The ASCSA supports a multidisciplinary approach to Hellenic studies, encompassing the fields of archaeology, anthropology, the archaeological sciences, topography, architecture, epigraphy, numismatics, history, art, language, literature, philosophy, religion, and cultural studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Sage Is , Based Pressure E Final Out- Rned by , : Hearts, Could Persuade
    Xerxes' War 137 136 Herodotus Book 7 a match for three Greeks. The same is true of my fellow Spartans. fallen to the naval power of the invader. So the Spartans would have They are the equal of any men when they fight alone; fighting to­ stood alone, and in their lone stand they would have performed gether, they surpass all other men. For they are free, but not entirely mighty deeds and died nobly. Either that or, seeing the other Greeks free: They obey a master called Law, and they fear this master much going over to the Persians, they would have come to terms with more than your men fear you. They do whatever it commands them Xerxes. Thus, in either case, Greece would have been subjugated by the Persians, for I cannot see what possible use it would have been to to do, and its commands are always the same: Not to retreat from the fortify the Isthmus if the king had had mastery over the sea. battlefield even when badly outnumbered; to stay in formation and either conquer or die. So if anyone were to say that the Athenians were saviors of "If this talk seems like nonsense to you, then let me stay silent Greece, he would not be far off the truth. For it was the Athenians who held the scales in balance; whichever side they espoused would henceforth; I spoke only under compulsion as it is. In any case, sire, I be sure to prevail. It was they who, choosing to maintain the freedom hope all turns out as you wish." of Greece, roused the rest of the Greeks who had not submitted, and [7.105] That was Demaratus' response.
    [Show full text]