PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 112(1), 2010, pp. 140–148

THREE NEW SPECIES OF AULACIDAE () FROM BRAZIL

DAVID R. SMITH AND DAVI VILELA DE CARVALHO

(DRS) Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agicultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013-7012 U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]); (DV) Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (e-mail: davibiofi[email protected])

Abstract.—Three new species of Aulacidae, gerais Smith and A. unicus Smith, from Minas Gerais, Brazil, and petiense Smith, from Minas Gerais, Esperito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Santa Catarina, Brazil, are described. The species are illustrated and separated from described species of their respective genera. Key Words: Aulacus, Pristaulacus, neotropics, parasitic DOI: 10.4289.0013-8797.112.1.253.140

Aulacidae are endoparasitoids of and (2008) revised the family for wood-boring Hymenoptera (Xiphydrii- southwestern United States, Mexico, dae) and Coloeoptera (mainly Bupres- and Central America. Currently, there tidae and Cerambycidae) (Smith 2001). are two genera with 18 described spe- Although a revision of South American cies of Aulacus Jurine and 26 described Aulacidae is underway by the senior species of Pristaulacus Keiffer in South author and it is preferable not to de- America. It is estimated that more than scribe single species out of context, the twice the total number of described three species described here are to aulacid species actually occur in South provide names for part of a research America. project on by the junior author. Six species are involved in the MATERIALS AND METHODS studies by the junior author, three of Collections were made at the Peti which are new. Ambiental Station, a conservation area There is no current comprehensive of the Energetic Company of Minas treatment of South American Aulaci- dae. Smith (2001) provided a world Gerais (CEMIG). Malaise traps were catalog, (2005a) reviewed the species of used in two locations. One was in a secondary forest (PO), from April 2002 Chile and adjacent Argentina, (2005b) 0 00 0 00 treated some species that occur in to April 2003, 19852 49 S, 43822 07 W. Colombia and northern South America, The other was in an area of savanna or cerrado (A1), from April 2002 to April * Accepted by Michael W. Gates 2004, 1985300700S, 4382200600W. VOLUME 112, NUMBER 1 141

Images were obtained using an eye height; inner margins of eyes EntoVision Imaging Suite that included slightly converging below; malar space a firewire JVC KY-753CCD digital cam- about 0.23 eye height. In dorsal view, era mounted to a Leica M16 zoom lens head behind eyes short, about 0.73 eye via a Leica z-step microscope stand. length, lateral margins somewhat Multiple focal planes were merged using straight, then abruptly curving inward Cartograph 5.6.0 (Microvision Instru- (Fig. 3). Distance between eye and ments, France) software. lateral ocellus, between lateral ocelli, Descriptions are based both on spec- and from lateral ocellus to hind margin imens from the junior author and ma- of head as 1.0:1.0:2.8. Genal carina terial on loan from the following absent. Shiny, punctate, punctures dense collections: AEI, American Entomolog- on gena and frons, separated by flat ical Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA shiny interspaces about equal to or less (David Wahl); CNCI, Canadian Nation- than puncture diameter, less dense and al Collection of , Ottawa, Canada more widely separated on vertex (Fig. (John Huber); UFMG, Departamento de 3), with flat shiny interspaces several Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Mi- times greater than puncture diameters; nas Gerais; USNM, National Museum posterior margin of vertex almost im- of Natural History, Smithsonian Insti- punctate. White hairs arising from tution, Washington, DC, U.S.A. Termi- punctures, densest on frons and gena. nology follows Huber and Sharkey Mesosoma (Figs. 2, 4): Propleuron (1993). shiny, finely punctate. Mesoscutal mid- dle lobe shiny, with 5 or 6 prominent RESULTS transverse carinae, lateral lobes smooth, Aulacus gerais Smith, new species shiny, with few punctures on inner (Figs. 1–4) margins. Notauli meeting far apart on Diagnosis.—Black with contrasting transscutal articulation. Axilla and mes- bright orange legs and . oscutellum shiny with prominent trans- Wings hyaline. Mesoscutal middle lobe verse carinae, 2 or 3 on axilla, 5 or 6 on with transverse carinae. Flange on mesoscutellum. Mesopleurae finely re- anterolateral margin of pronotum ab- ticulate; small shiny hairless spots in sent. Ovipositor with preapical white upper posterior margin of mesepister- band; length subequal to forewing num, dorsal portion of mesepimeron, length. and on upper portion of metapleuron; Description.—Body length 7.0 mm; short scrobiculate area on upper mese- ovipositor length 6.5 mm; forewing pimeron; more coarsely length 6.5 mm. Color: Antenna and reticulate than pleurae; mesosoma cov- head black; mandible dark reddish ered with fine white hairs except on brown; labium and maxilla brown. shiny areas of pleurae. Hind coxa Mesosoma black, narrow inner dorsal smooth, shiny; about 2.73 longer than margin of propleuron brown. Legs broad in lateral view. Hind basitarsus orange, tarsi more yellow. Metasoma subequal in length to remaining tarso- orange with extreme base of first meres combined. Tarsal claws with metasomal tergite black. Ovipositor minute inner tooth near base. Metaso- black with preapical white ring. Wings ma: Shiny, apical two segments with hyaline; veins and stigma black. Head: fine white pubescence. Ovipositor Antennal length 2.83 head width. sheath subequal to forewing length. Lower interocular distance about 1.23 Male.—Unknown. 142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Figs. 1–2. Aulacus gerais. 1, Lateral. 2, Mesosoma, lateral. VOLUME 112, NUMBER 1 143

Etymology.—Named for Minas Ger- ais, the state from which the species is described. A noun in apposition. Discussion.—This and the following species are separated from previously described species of Neotropical Aula- cus by their hyaline wings, mesoscutal middle lobe with some transverse carinae, flange on anterior margin of pronotum absent, head in dorsal view short behind eyes with head length much less than eye length, black head and mesosoma, and lack of small spines on dorsum of mesonotum. The species most resembling these two new ones is A. fusiger Schletterer, 1889, described from ‘‘Brasilien.’’ Aulacus fusiger is larger, about 13 mm in length, has coarse transverse carinae on the entire length of the mesoscutal middle lobe, the ovipositor sheath length is greater than the forewing length, and has the head black, mesosoma orange, the legs orange brown, and the metasoma orange. Both new species are 7–8 mm long, have a different color combina- tion, have less prominent carinae on the mesoscutal middle lobe, and the fore- wing length is subequal to the ovipos- itor sheath length. See characters in the diagnosis for each species. Aulacus unicus Smith, new species (Figs. 5–8) Diagnosis.—Head black with brown spot on vertex. Mesosoma, , and legs mostly black; wings hyaline, apex of forewing infuscate. Mesoscutal Figs. 3–4. Aulacus gerais. 3, Head dorsal. 4, middle lobe pitted anteriorly, transverse Mesosoma, dorsal. carinae posteriorly. Flange on antero- lateral margin of pronotum absent. Ovipositor with preapical white band; Type material.—Holotype female, length subequal to forewing length. labeled ‘‘S. Gonc¸alo Rio Abaixo-MG Description.—Body length 8.0 mm; (Est. Amb./Peti-Cemig) 22.IX.2002, A. ovipositor length 6.0 mm; forewing F. Kumagai col. (A1).’’ Deposited length 6.0 mm. Color: Antenna and UFMG. Paratype: ‘‘Pedra Azul, M. head black; brown spot on vertex Ger., XI ’72, 800m, Braz., Alvarenga behind ocelli; scape and pedicel brown. & Seabra’’ (1 /, AEI). Mesosoma black. Legs brown, with 144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Figs. 5–6. Aulacus unicus. 5, Lateral. 6, Mesosoma, lateral. coxae, mid- and hind femora, and mid- width. Lower interocular distance sub- and hind tibiae black; extreme base of equal to eye height; inner margins of hind tibia white. Metasoma black with eyes slightly coverging below; malar transverse narrow brown bands on space about 0.23 eye height. In dorsal tergites 2 to apex. Ovipositor black, view, head behind eyes about 0.63 eye with preapical white band. Wings length, lateral margins evenly rounded hyaline with infuscate apical spot on posteriorly (Fig. 7). Distances between forewing; veins and stigma black. eye and lateral ocellus, lateral ocelli, Head: Antennal length 2.83 head and lateral ocellus to hind margin of VOLUME 112, NUMBER 1 145

head as 1.0:1.0:2.8. Genal carina ab- sent. Frons with punctures close togeth- er, separated by shiny interspaces less than puncture diameters; vertex and gena with scattered, less dense punc- tures (Fig. 7), separated by shiny inter- spaces several times puncture diame- ters; posterior margin of head near occiput without punctures. White hairs arising from punctures, densest on lower inner orbits, lower gena, and be- tween antennae. Mesosoma (Figs. 6, 8): Propleuron shiny, very finely punctate. Mesoscutal middle lobe anteriorly with scattered punctures with shiny inter- spaces about puncture diameters, mid- dle of mesoscutum becoming finely transversely carinate, with 5 or 6 prom- inent carinae on posterior third; lateral lobes finely punctate to reticulate. Notauli meeting at same point at trans- scutal articulation. Axilla with several transverse carinae; mesoscutellum with several transverse carinae on posterior half, intermixed with punctures. Pleurae finely reticulate with shiny, impunctate areas on upper posterior margin of mesepisternum, upper mesepimeron, and upper metapleuron. Narrow scrobi- culate area on posterior margin of mesepimeron. Propodeum coarsely re- ticulate. Mesosoma covered with white hairs. Hind coxa smooth, shiny; 2.53 longer than broad in lateral view. Hind basitarsus subequal in length to remain- ing tarsomeres combined. Tarsal claws with minute inner tooth near base. Metasoma: Smooth, shiny; apical two segments with fine white pubescence. Ovipositor sheath length subequal to forewing length. Male.—Similar to female. Type material.—Holotype female, labeled ‘‘S. Gonc¸alo Rio Abaixo-MG (Est. Amb./Peti-Cemig) 22.IX.2002, A. Figs. 7–8. Aulacus unicus. 7, Head, dorsal. F. Kumagai col. (A1).’’ Deposited 8, Mesosoma, dorsal. UFMG. Paratypes: Same data as holo- type (1 ?); same data as for holotype except 01.X.2002 (1 ?); same data as 146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Figs. 9–10. Pristaulacus petiense. 9, Lateral. 10, Mesosoma, lateral. holotype except 29.XI.2002 (1, apex of separation of these two species from abdomen missing). Deposited UFMG, other species of Aulacus. USNM. Pristaulacus petiense Smith, Etymology.—The name is derived from the single brownish spot on the new species vertex of the head. (Figs. 9–12) Disucssion.—This species is almost Diagnosis.—Black, with mid- and entirely black, has an infuscate spot at the hind basitarsi and 2nd tarsomere mostly apex of the forewing, and the mesoscutal white. Wings hyaline. Head prolonged middle lobe is pitted anteriorly but behind eyes. Mesonotum rounded ante- transversely carinate posteriorly. These riorly; anterolateral margin of pronotum characters will separate it from A. gerais. with one anteriorly projecting tooth. See also discussion under A. gerais for Tarsal claws with 4 teeth. VOLUME 112, NUMBER 1 147

Description.—Body length 13.0 mm; ovipositor length 8.0 mm; forewing length 8.0 mm. Color: Black; maxillary and labial palpi brown; mid- and hind basitarsi and 2nd tarsomeres white except for black at extreme base of basitarsi. Wings hyaline; veins and stigma black. Head: Antennal length 4.03 head width. Lower interocular distance 0.93 eye height; eyes slightly converging below; malar space about 0.33 eye height. In dorsal view, prolonged behind eyes (Fig. 11), distance behind eyes subequal to eye length, lateral margins evenly curved posteriorly. Distances between eye and lateral ocellus, between lateral ocelli, and between lateral ocellus and hind margin of head as 0.7:1.0:3.6. Occipital carina narrow, less than one- third ocellar diameter. Frons, supraclyp- eal area, and clypeus smooth, shiny, with few fine punctures; vertex and gena smooth, shiny; long, silver hairs on frons, lower inner eye margins, supraclypeal area, and clypeus, less dense on gena and almost absent on vertex. Mesosoma (Figs. 10, 12): Mesonotum rounded anteriorly. Forward projecting tooth near dorsal margin of pronotum. Propleuron shiny, finely punctate. Mesoscutal mid- dle lobe with strong transverse carinae and central longitudinal groove; lateral lobes shiny, with inner margins finely punctate. Axilla finely punctate; meso- scutellum shiny, hairs absent; areas lateral to mesoscutellum reticulate, with white hairs. Pleurae finely reticulate; mesepimeron with narrow posterior margin scrobiculate; propopdeum coarsely reticulate. Mesosoma covered with fine white hairs. Hind coxae smooth, shiny; 3.03 longer than broad in lateral view. Hind basitarsus 1.33 length of remaining tarsomeres com- Figs. 11–12. Pristaulacus petiense. 11, bined. Tarsal claws with 4 teeth and Head, dorsal. 12, Mesosoma, dorsal. indistinct rounded basal lobe; 4th tooth smallest. Metasoma: Shiny; apical two segments with fine white pubescence. 148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Ovipositor length subequal to forewing sculpture, 5-toothed tarsal claws, and length. is about 15 mm in length. Male.—Unknown. Type material.—Holotype female, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS labeled ‘‘S. Gonc¸alo Rio Abaixo-MG Thanks are extended to authorities of (Est. Amb./Peti-Cemig) 03.1.2003, A. CEMIG and the Peti Ambiental Station F. Kumagai col. (PO).’’ Deposited for allowing field work by the junior UFMG. Paratypes: Brasilien, Rio Car- author and Alice Fumi Kumagai, Uni- aguata`,218480B, 528270L, 400 m. XI- versidade Federal de Minas Gerais, for 24-1953, Fritz Plaumann [according to help in collections and use of lab the coordinates, this is in the eastern equipment. We thank J. T. Huber part of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul] (CNCI) and D. Wahl (AEI) for loan of (2 /, AEI); same but XI-6-1953 (7 /; specimens. Andy R. Deans, Department AEI); Brasilien, Nova Teutonia [Santa 0 0 of Entomology, North Carolina State Catarina], 27811 B, 52823 L, 200–500 University, Raleigh, and Michael G. m, 24-XI-1940 (3 /, CNCI); same but Pogue and Thomas J. Henry, Systematic 24-VII-1966 (2 /, CNCI). Entomology Laboratory, U.S. Depart- Other specimen examined.—‘‘Parque ment of Agriculture, Washington, DC, Sooretama, Linhares, Es. San., Nov. kindly reviewed the manuscript. 1967, Brazil, F. M. Oliveira’’ (1 /, head missing; AEI). LITERATURE CITED Etymology.—Named for the Peti Ambiental Station, the conservation Huber, J. T. and M. J. Sharkey. 1993. Structure, area in which the holotype was collect- pp. 13–59. In H. Goulet and J. T. Huber, eds. Hymenoptera of the World: An Identification ed. Guide to Families. Research Branch, Agri- Discussion.—The evenly rounded culture Canada, Publication 1894/E, Ottawa, anterior mesonotum, single anteriorly 668 pp. projecting tooth on the lateroanterior Smith, D. R. 2001. World catalog of the family margin of the pronotum, elongated head Aulacidae (Hymenoptera). Contributions on behind the eyes, and black color with Entomology, International 4(3): 263–319. ———. 2005a. Review of the Aulacidae (Hy- only the first two tarsomeres of the mid- menoptera) of Chile and adjacent Argentina. and hind legs white separate this species Proceedings of the Entomological Society of from almost all other described Pris- Washington 107: 820–834. taulacus. The most similar species is P. ———. 2005b. Aulacidae (Hymenoptera) of concolor Scheletterer, 1889, described northern South America, emphasizing Co- from ‘‘Brasilien,’’ which is also black lombia. Transactions of the American Ento- and has the head markedly prolonged mological Society 131: 217–253. ———. 2008. Aulacidae of the southwestern behind the eyes. Pristaulacus concolor, United States, Mexico, and Central America however, has the tarsi entirely black, (Hymenoptera). Beitra¨ge zur Entomologie hind coxae with distinct transverse 58: 267–355.