ׇ ޑഢϺฅᕉნǵֹڀচՐ҇ӦǴޑើϷጪӦࣁѠख़ाە ပЎϯߥ੮аϷᙦޑচՐ҇ՅբނǴฅԶᒿਔ໔ᙯᡂǴচໂပߙ ԃΓαѦ౽Вᝄख़ǴᏤठပՅၭౢᅌ႟Ǵࣁࡠൺচໂ ൺહᆶࡌҥၭౢǴጪၭׯؼаပԖচ҇ၭЎނပՅբ ϯࣁၭౢว୷ᘵǴ่ӝҁਡЈሽॶ-Ԗᐒࢲǵ଼நӼӄϷচ҇ౢ ើচໂပၭᇶᏤӈࣁ२ाҺ୍Ǵ٠ᑈཱུዬᗺەࣁҞǴஒጪϷ ӦচՐ҇ەБԄՍଆޑᗄϣወΚပբࣁᇶᏤҞǴҗᗺԿጕԿय़ زԃ൩চՐ҇ၭࣴ 104 ܭပၭౢวǶҁҭӢᔈԜҞǴ ࠻ǴଞჹပՅբނՉᅿচᇆᆶਸሽॶ໒วǴаࢲ๎চՐ҇ပ ғࢲࠔ፦ǶکᔮǴගଯচՐ҇ϐԏΕ ᅿᜪᙦЪπ໒วၨϿǴӝԖᐒၭނӦচໂပՅբە วǴӢԜጪаပՅբނᙯբԖᐒғౢࣁБӛǴᑈཱུᇶᏤচՐ ҇ၭ϶ൺહ٠ᙯࠠԖᐒਭǴ٠ӧԖᐒ୷ᘵวᆢៈပԾฅᕉნᆶғ Ǵߥ੮ပۺȨٚξঀȩޑᒋӅғکӝᆶԾฅ่׳ၭݤǴ߈ԃٰޑᄊ ၭౢᙯࠠуॶǶЎϯਡЈǴޑ൧ख़ԾฅβӦ ࣁബচՐ҇ၭౢуॶᆶᙦӭϡϯวǴҁᖐᒤȨচໂՅբ ނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴȩǴύձᗎፎ୯ሞচ҇ ჴሞπբუՔǴଞჹࡹ۬ᇶکΓزǴаϷ୯ϣ࣬ᜢࣴޣᆶᏢ۔ޑ٣୍ ᏤচՐ҇ၭౢӚय़ӛǵՅբނࣴวᆶౢуॶǴаϷပวᆶՅ ޣว߄Ϸᡍϩ٦ǶӕਔҁࣴҭӼ௨ᖱزᚒՉࣴޕၭӧӦ ๏ϒѠচՐ҇ၭౢޣҬࢬǴᡣѦᇯᏢکပୖೖǴයఈૈၸкϩϕ วᝊࡌǴமϯပЎϯᆶၭౢޑೱ่ᆶуॶǶ ǵጪᑜࡹ۬ϷიݤΓҡہҁԛ୯ሞࣴձགᖴচՐ҇ ܭշǴ٬ࣴளаճᝢᒤǶќҁтڐޑวύЈزᄤၗྍౢࣴ Ǵ٠וᖴޑଛӝளаճбఌǶӧԜᙣठа၈ኑޣᆾӚՏբ܍ጓӑය໔Ǵ ལઔࣴ༝ᅈԋфǼ
ጪၭׯؼہՉࡹଣၭ
ߏ ᙣ
ύ҇୯ 105 ԃ 9 Д 13 В
ȨচໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴȩำ
ہǵՉࡹଣচՐ҇ہǵġࡰᏤൂՏǺՉࡹଣၭ วύЈزᒤൂՏǺጪၭׯؼǵጪᑜࡹ۬ǵიݤΓҡᄤၗྍౢࣴڐΒǵġЬ Οǵġਔ໔Ǻ105 ԃ 9 Д 13 В(ࢃයΒ) ጪၭׯؼၭቶεኴ 4 ኴہѤǵġӦᗺǺՉࡹଣၭ ϖǵġำ ਔ ໔ ำϣ ЬΓϷᄽᖱΓ ၗڗǵሦډൔ 09:00-09:30 ໒ჿԄǵٰᇯठຒǵྣ࣬ ЬΓǺߏ 09:30-09:50 (܌ၭ၂ᡍ)ۑߏᗱ܌ಃ চໂၭౢࡌҥǵᇶᏤᆶ ЬΓǺഋ තᔮࡹ۬ᆶϼѳࢩӅӕᡏୱচՐ҇ၭ Maria Elder Ratutokarua ζγ(ၭ݅ࡹ 09:50-10:30 (, ϼѳࢩӅӕᡏઝਜೀ۔วϐࡹϷჴ୍ᡍ (ہচՐ҇) ቅᆢণୖ٣ޕѠပғᄊہচՐ҇ 10:30-11:00 ബཥว (܌ᆶࣴวೕჄ ᗶျಔߏ(ၭ၂ᡍزচՐ҇ပၭϐ҉ុᔼࣴ 11:00-11:30 (ࡌᄬܿӦচՐ҇Յၭౢሽॶϐࣴ ယػণፐߏ(ጪၭׯؼ 11:30-12:00 ز 12:00-13:00 ϱ ᓓ ہࣴวᆶౢуॶ ЬΓǺЦೀߏऍ(চՐ҇מࣽނಃΒ চໂՅբ ) (ᙓነ٥ӦচՐ҇ՅҒᛱଯౢϷొฆ Falaniko Amosa ᖱৣ(ࠄϼѳࢩεᏢ 13:00-13:40 ϐࣴวמཥࣽ ((ጪၭׯؼزᔼᎦሽॶ―လиԯᝯ ෞϐᑉշࣴޑѤᅿጪচՐ҇ഁ (Nostoc Commune)ǵᝥԯᝦ (Gonostegia 14:00-14:20 hirta)ǵพ (Tetragonia tetragonoides)ǵಒယ ࿗ԯᙘ (Cardamine flexuosa) 14:20-14:40 চໂՅբނၭౢวჴ୍ᡍ ࢫ௲ (ကεᏢ) 14:40-15:10 ૡ ௶ (ε௲(ࡹݯεᏢ۔ϐബཥว ЬΓǺޕಃΟ চໂՅၭӧӦ (ڐᓓਫډၭวᡍ-аຫࠄчξ Ҳૈ喨喰٣ߏ(NPO ᅿηޗচՐ҇҉ុ 15:10-15:50 ٯচՐ҇ȨMuongȩࣁ ((ጪၭׯؼزচՐ҇ပҶ໕ਓၯౢᇶᏤϐวᖿ༈߃ ҅շࣴ 15:50-16:10 ٯើӦࣁە-аጪǵ ߓऍբނߥᅿᡍᆶЎϯว ֆഓДՉߏ(Ўϯλಔᝢഢ 16:10-16:30 ೀ) ၭౢЎബว ഡ╈ୋᕴ(a-zone ጪЎϯബཀౢނচՐ҇Յբ 16:30-16:50 ༜) 16:50-17:20 ᆕӝፕ ЬΓǺߏ
Program for The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development, Taiwan 1. Organizers & Collaborators: Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station (HDARES), COA; Council of Indigenous People, Hualien County Government, Stone and Resource Industry R&D Center, Taiwan. 2. Date: 13 (Tue) 09:00~17:20 September 2016 3. Venue: Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Conference Building 4F, No. 150, Sec. 2, Jian Rd., Jian Township, Hualien County 973, Taiwan 4. Program TIME PROGRAM HOST, CHAIRS, SPEAKERS 09:00-09:30 Registration 09:30-09:50 HOST: Dr. Peng Hwang, Director of Opening Ceremony and Remarks, Group photo Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, COA, Taiwan CHAIR: Dr. Junne-Jih Chen, Director SEMINAR 1: ESTABLISH, COUNSELING AND General of Taiwan Agricultural SESSION A PROMOTION IN INDIGENOUS AGRICULTURAL Research Institute (TARI), COA, INDUSTRY Taiwan 09:50-10:30 Ms. Maria Elder Ratutokarua, Experience of Supporting Indigenous Agriculture in both Agricultural & Forestry Policy Officer, National Policy of Fiji and Regional Policy Secretariat of the Pacific Community 10:30-11:00 Promotion the innovation and development of indigenous Mr. Wei-Zhe Liu, Counselor, Council traditional ecological knowledge by council of indigenous of Indigenous People peoples 11:00-11:30 Planning of sustainable agriculture research and development Mr. Horng-Yuh Guo, Leader of management in the tribes Agricultural Chemistry Division,TARI. 11:30-12:00 Research in the construction of industrial chain in indigenous Mr. Yu-Che Yeh, Section Chief, crops in east of Taiwan HDARES, COA, Taiwan 12:00-13:00 LUNCH SEMINAR 2: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CHAIR: Ms. Mei-Ping Wang, Director, SESSION B DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIALIZATION BONUS Council of Indigenous People IN INDIGENOUS CROPS Indigenous and modern practices in yam cultivation in the Mr. Falaniko Amosa, Lecturer, 13:00-13:40 Pacific Islands University of the South Pacific Nutritional Values of Four Hualien Indigenous Vegetables―Nostoc Ms. Chih-Ying Yu, Assistant 14:00-14:20 CommuneǵGonostegia hirtaǵTetragonia tetragonoidesǵCardamine flexuosa Researcher, HDARES, COA, Taiwan Practical experience of promotion the development in Dr. Chin-Hsiung Hung, Professor, 14:20-14:40 indigenous crops agriculture industry. National Chiayi University 14:40-15:10 TEA BREAK SEMINAR 3: INNOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHAIR: Dr. Da-Wei Kuan, Associate SESSION C INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE OF THE Professor, National Chengchi CHARACTERISTICS IN AGRICULTURE University Sustainable Community Development in Northern Dr. Mayu Ino, Director of Seed to 15:10-15:50 Mountainous Area of Vietnam - Experiences of Muong ethnic Table, NPO group Study on the trend of counseling indigenous tribe leisure Ms. Cheng-Hua Sun, Assistant 15:50-16:10 tourism industry-case study in Hualien and Ilan area Researcher, HDARES, COA, Taiwan Ms. Xue-Yue Wu, Chief Executive Amis traditional crops conservation experience and cultural 16:10-16:30 Officer, East Cultural Promotion Group development Preparatory Office Dr. Ting-Wei Fu, Associate General Development of cultural and creative industry in indigenous 16:30-16:50 Manager, Hualien Cultural Creative agricultural crops Industries Park 16:50-17:20 HOST: Dr. Peng Hwang, Director of Closing Discussion HDARES, COA, Taiwan
Ҟ! ᒵ!
ׇ চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴ! ำ ಃ! চໂၭౢࡌҥǵᇶᏤᆶ Experience of Supporting Indigenous Agriculture in both National Policy of Fiji and Regional Policy (තᔮࡹ۬ᆶϼѳࢩӅӕᡏୱচՐ҇ၭวϐࡹϷჴ୍ᡍ) Maria Elder Ratutokarua……………………………………………………….. 1 ബཥวޕѠပғᄊہচՐ҇ ቅᆢণ………………………………………………………………………….. 5 ᆶࣴวೕჄزচՐ҇ပၭϐ҉ុᔼࣴ …………………………………………………... 15كᗶျǵ෯ླྀᏦǵ زࡌᄬܿӦচՐ҇Յၭౢሽॶϐࣴ ࢀǵ…………………………………... 27ەੀՙǵယػণǵഋࡘӼǵ݅
ࣴวᆶౢуॶמࣽނಃΒ! চໂՅբ Indigenous and modern practices in yam cultivation in the Pacific Islands (ϐࣴวמᙓነ٥ӦচՐ҇ՅҒᛱଯౢϷొฆཥࣽ) Falaniko Amosa………………………………………………………………... 41 ѤᅿጪচՐ҇ഁޑᔼᎦሽॶ─လиԯᝯ(Nostoc Commune)ǵᝥԯᝦ Gonostegia hirta)ǵพ(Tetragonia tetragonoides)ǵಒယ࿗ԯᙘ(Cardamine) flexuosa) ǵယػণǵߋలൟǵکෞϐᑉǵ၏ไǵֆृǵླྀྷҏǵӄύ ഋߎ………………………………………………………………………….. 67 চໂՅբނၭౢวჴ୍ᡍ ࢫǵᖙ࣓ǵᖴᡕϥ………………………………………………………... 83
ಃΟ! চໂՅၭӧӦޕϐബཥว Sustainable Community Development in Northern Mountainous Area of Vietnam - Experiences of Muong ethnic group (ٯၭวᡍ-аຫࠄчξচՐ҇ˬMuong˭ࣁޗচՐ҇҉ុ) Mayu Ino……………………………………………………………………….. 107 ٯើӦࣁەচՐ҇ပҶ໕ਓၯౢᇶᏤϐวᖿ༈߃-аጪǵ 119 ...……………………ྼٵ҅ǵᔎϟΟǵЦက๓ǵቅᑫᄪǵယΓ◖ǵቅ ߓऍբނߥᅿᡍᆶЎϯว ֆഓД………………………………………………………………………….. 131 চՐ҇ՅբނၭౢЎബว ഡ╈………………………………………………………………………….. 135
2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
Traditional Pacific Island Agroforestry Systems
Maria Elder Ratutokarua
Agricultural & Forestry Policy Officer, Secretariat of the Pacific Community
Abstract Agroforestry was traditionally practiced in many parts of the tropics. Most traditional agroforestry species and techniques have not yet been subject to institutional scientific experiments. However, they have been well-tested by local farmers, often over many generations. These traditional systems and species can provide a strong, locally-based framework for future agroforestry development. Indigenous knowledge systems are now being regarded as an invaluable resource. This paper highlights some traditional agroforestry systems from two Pacific Islands.
1 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
1. Introduction Trees have always been important to Pacific Island societies. Pacific Island peoples planted and protected trees as a part of their multi-species and multipurpose agroforestry and land use systems. They have also been willing to accept new trees that can make their life and their island environments better. Traditional Pacific Island agricultural and land use systems were agroforestry systems, built on a foundation of protecting and planting trees. These systems make Pacific Islanders to be self-sufficient and also contribute to their well-being. Future agroforestry development in the Pacific Islands would do well based on the conservation, strengthening, and expansion of the many multipurpose agroforestry species and systems that already exist in the Pacific Islands. The emphasis on the protection, as well as the planting, of these species is of utmost importance. Experience has shown that it is far more difficult to replace forests, agroforests, trees, and rare cultivars of trees (e.g., breadfruit, coconut, pandanus and banana cultivars), than it is to protect what already exists. Minimizing the loss of knowledge about these systems and species is also essential. Pacific Island agroforests were developed and managed to meet not only people’s needs for food and other products, but also the needs of the system as a whole for fertilizer, mulch, animal food and shade. The trees in the system also provide protection from erosion, wind, and salt spray.
2. Kiribati Atoll Agroforestry Example Coconut palms, usually of a number of different varieties, are planted as a major cash and multipurpose crop. Sometimes they are planted in rows and sometimes allowed to grow in irregular patterns. Other multipurpose trees, such as pandanus are protected, or sometimes planted to provide soil improvement and leaves or mulch (fertilizer) for the swamp taro (Cyrtosperma chamissonis) pits that have been excavated down to the water table. The pandanus is also a very important staple food plant on the atolls, as well as being the source of timber for house building, thatch, fibre for mat and basket making, medicines, and many other products. Breadfruit, papaya, and sometimes bananas and taro (Colocasia esculenta) are also planted in or around the taro pit. The coastal forests on both the ocean and lagoon sides of the garden area, and the mangroves on the lagoon side, are protected to shelter the inland plantation from salt spray, high waves, extremely high tides, and from coastal erosion. The protection of these forests and the protection of the other trees also ensure that the wood, medicine, and many other products provided by the trees and forests are still available. This practice also ensures the continued availability the fish, shellfish, crabs, birds, and other animals and small plants that depend on these forests and trees will be
2 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт protected for future generations.
3. Fijian Agroforestry Example In Fiji the multispecies agroforestry system is a mixture of trees, shrubs, and short-term ground crops. It is usually practiced as a short-term shifting agriculture system on pieces of land. When the land is prepared for a new garden, some of the fast-growing pioneer tree species, most shrubs, and grasses are cut and allowed to dry. The dried material is then placed in piles for burning. Other valuable trees that are present in the fallow, such as breadfruit, mangoes, avocado, citrus trees, and, of course, coconut palms (coco nucifera), are protected. Other culturally important trees, like sandalwood (Santallum yasi), dawa, mulberry, and pandanus are often left to grow in the gardens. Other trees are pruned by cutting almost all of the branches off. This practice does not kill the tree, and accomplishes a number of objectives. It allows the entry of sunlight needed by the first crop to be planted, which are usually yams or kava (piper methysticum). It also allows the leaves to fall providing organic material to the soil, and allows for fresh new branches to grow as the garden matures. The larger branches that have been cut from the trees are often used as stakes over each yam mound. Yams growing for this system often have higher yields, are more disease free, and are more easily weeded. When the yams are harvested, after 12 months, the branches make perfect firewood. In the garden, the yams are not usually intercropped as compared to taro (Colocasia esculenta) which is sometimes intercropped with kava, cassava. Along the borders, banana often planted, and pandanus for weaving, sugarcane or leafy vegetables (bele)), a very important leafy green vegetable often planted along the borders or fence lines of the garden. Other short-term crops such cabbages, chillies, pumpkin and water cress are often planted and tree ferns protected in the garden. After the yams are harvested, taro is planted as the next crop in the soft soil left over after the yam harvest. When this taro crop is harvested, cassava is then planted, which completes the two to three year shifting agricultural cycle. Sometimes, the cycle is extended for a further three to five years by planting kava (Piper methysticum), the important social beverage plant, or paper mulberry so important for the making of tapa cloth used in Fijian ceremonies and to sell to tourists and for export. As the garden is allowed to slowly return to fallow for four to up to ten years, the plantains continue to bear fruit, the fruit trees and other multipurpose trees continue to provide food, medicines, and other products.
4. Conclusion A traditional agroforestry system represents a long-term investment of time,
3 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
knowledge, and effort. If protected and improved, traditional agroforestry builds foundation for future development. It can help to ensure that the needs of future generations of Pacific Islanders will be satisfied.
4 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ബཥวޕᆵပғᄊہচՐ҇
ቅᆢণ
ہՉࡹଣচՐ҇
ᄔा
ঋ៝ᕉნᆶғᄊѳᑽǴࢂঋ៝ӧӦۚ҇ᔮғࢲሡाޕচՐ҇ၭ ཀကǴᙯԶख़ک१ჹ଼நཱུԖሽॶޑΨᡉҢрচՐ҇زനӳБݤǶࣴޑ ܭȩǴҁЎᆫข܄ԖȨёុڀޕඵችǶғᄊޑຎচՐ҇ЎϯϷӃ ӧၭғᄊޕޑബཥၮҔǴឍॊচ҇၂ၮҔғᄊޕբࣁཥౢ ޑ୷ᘵǴаࡌᄬ่ӝЎϯᆶᔮޑวኳԄǴаϷ಄ӝচՐ҇ޗޑሽॶᢀᆶ Ǵેڮჴ፬٠уаബཥǴԋࣁပᔮว܄ǹၸёុڋᔼᡏޑғࢲᄊࡋ Ǵᇥܴٯ٬ЎϯᝩុߥࢲΚǶ٠аȨᆵܿᑜᔛӀߎλԯౢҢጄीฝȩࣁ ࣬کࡷᏯǴයࡑޑᐒϷёૈय़ᖏޑԋ݀ǴаϷϩ҂ٰ܄ीฝݩϷ໘ࢤ ᜢᐒᜢӝբǴӅӕߦပғᄊޕബཥϷၮҔǶ
ᜢᗖӷǺচՐ҇ǵౢǵғᄊޕ
5 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
قǵ
ᎁᕉნϐࡷڬဂǴࣁᔈޑচՐ҇ࢂനԐᆶᆵ೭ТβӦวғߏΦᜢ߯ ᏯϷғࢲ܌ሡǴวрᐱᔈғᄊᕉნᆶၗྍճҔБԄޑޕᆶЎϯǶғ ကӦࡰܴےϦऊ (Convention on Biological Diversity, CBD) ಃచ໒܄ӭኬނ ޑΦ٬Ҕ࣬ᜢکߥػ܄ӭኬނᡏᆶғޗӦБکрǺ٩ྣ୯ৎҥݤǴচՐ҇ ǵޕᆢǴ٠ЪӧԜکғࢲБԄᔈуа൧ख़ǵߥӸޑݤکǵബཥޕ ቶݱᔈҔǴ٠ႴᓰϦѳӦϩ٦ӢճځᇡёᆶୖᆶϐΠǴߦޣᏱԖޑݤکബཥ ޕၸำǴཥޑޕඁǶচՐ҇ၸᏢಞᙑޑݤԶᕇளکǵബཥޕҔԜ ,.ЬӢ(Sefa Dei et alޑளаྍྍό๊Զόଶᅉޕǹ೭҅ࢂ٬ӧӦפளа όᘐܭ٠ߚ҉ᇻόᡂǴख़ᗺӧޕ2002ǹЇԾ݅ϘǴ2003)ǶӢԜǴғᄊ ڋᡏޗᕉნᆶޑаᔈཥޕғᄊޑಕᑈඵችǴԖૈΚуаബཥǴౢғཥ (݅ϘǴ2003)Ƕ
ᕉޑౢғ܌ቹៜǴচՐ҇ίԭԃٰᆶᕉნϕޑٰ܌ᒿӄౚংᡂᎂ ᔼᆅϷؠނᆶᡍǴӧԾฅၗྍߥػǵβӦճҔᜢ߯ǵ࣍ᘪᆶഁғޕნ εǴ2013)Ƕচ۔ᆅБय़Ǵຎࣁࢂന٫ှ،Бਢϐ(ֆછǴ2004ǹ্ നӳޑঋ៝ᕉნᆶғᄊѳᑽǴࢂঋ៝ӧӦۚ҇ᔮғࢲሡाޕՐ҇ၭ १ჹ଼ޑΨᡉҢрচՐ҇زࣴޑБݤ(ЃమǴ2016)ǶӕਔǴຫٰຫӭ ඵች(Mata Taiwan, 2014)ǶޑཀကǴᙯԶख़ຎচՐ҇ЎϯϷӃکநཱུԖሽॶ ȩǴ٠ᆢЎ܄ԖȨёុڀಕᑈඵችǴޑࢂғࢲᡍܭёǴӧޕғᄊ Ǵा่݀ޑׯᡂǴѱϯǵϯޑғࢲࠠᄊޗ(۸߿Ǵ2016)ǶฅԶسϯ ǴᡉฅόϪჴሞǶӧу৾ޕচՐ҇ᝩុғࢲБԄǴаߥԖғᄊ εчБޑ DeneǵInuit Ϸ Metis চՐ҇ᏱԖޑޕόѝࢂȨޑȩǴΨࢂ ǹу৾εࡹ۬ᆶ Namgis ಃ҇ࣁှ،݅ѱᕭԋပᔮᑵచǴޑж non-timber forest product, NTFP) ՉीฝǴа) ނӝբว҉ុߚЕ݅ౢ ௲ػ୍ܺǵ३࢙ݨ (cedar oil) ᇙނǴࣴว҇ޕғᄊޑނܭNamgis ҇ჹ ǵᛰҔᆶঁΓៈౢࠔǴағᄊਓၯ(ֆߪ፣Ǵ2009)ǴᡉҢғᄊޕၸ ౢࠔᆶ୍ܺǴаঋ៝Ўϯᆶޑሡाޣ಄ӝٮᔮғࢲϷኳԄٰჴ፬Ǵග ғीǶ
ҁЎғᄊޕᆫขܭচ҇ӧၭғᄊޕޑബཥၮҔǴӃឍॊ ύޑȨচՐ҇ޕวബཀᔮीฝȩϷȨচՐ҇ᆒჴബीฝȩࡹङ բࣁޕሽॶӧӦޗϷೌמǵЎϯǵޕඳϷวኳԄǴ၂ၮҔғᄊ ബཀᔮǹ٠ޑȨฯჴΚȩᆶȨ೬ჴΚȩڀ୷ᘵǴᏤΕኳԄวঋޑཥౢ ޑᐒϷёૈय़ᖏޑǴϩ҂ٰٯаȨᆵܿᑜᔛӀߎλԯౢҢጄीฝȩࣁ ࡷᏯǶ
6 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ۺΒǵࡹङඳϷ
()ࡹङඳ Ǵӧࡹ۬ࡹεΚނӦచҹǴԖճਭଯᔮբޑচՐ҇ӦளϺᐱࠆ ΠǴচՐ҇ၭຎࣁғౢΚեϷલЮᔮਏԶඦకǴ٠ԋᕉ рচՐ҇ۓޭزࣴޑǶຫٰຫӭ܄ნઇᚯǴΨѨѐပЎϯϷᔮЬᡏ Ǵ൩ڋज़ޑሽॶǴࣁচՐ҇ᔮวٰཥࠨᐒǴՠΨլ่ܺᄬޑၭ ࡹङඳϩॊӵԛǺ
1.ϸ࣪চՐ҇ᔮวࡘ ਭࡕǴচՐ҇ނࡹ۬Їዿԯǵᡠǵ࣬ࡘᐋǵଯհጫǵ݀ᐋଯᔮբ ௭కၭԶ൩жၭᔮวǴவ٣ཥғౢБԄǵહӦѸׯࣁൂբ ᖐޑǴ൳ЯຫٰຫኳጋǴೱቹៜပ౼ሺޕᇡޑғᄊނǴӭΓჹނ ύ໔ዬܭज़ڙሡቹៜǴٮѱڙుނӢࣁжଯᔮբ׳Չ(۸߿Ǵ2016)Ƕ ᔮวኳԄǴόޗЬࢬሽǴ۳۳คݤᕇளӝճዎǴࣗԿՈҁคᘜǶଓ ՠԋЎϯှᡏǴΨѨѐচՐ҇ᔮЬᡏ܄ǶԜѦǴၸѐচ҇ΨጓӈႣᆉံ ୍ख़ፄǴԶЪԋਏԖज़ǶہၗϷՉᎍǴόᆶၭނշଯᔮբ
ᄊൺਁЎϯޑаౢ.2 ᔮ୷ᘵǴޑىǴࢂပԾ๏Ծ…لλԯǵआ㈻ǵआᝥԯǵഁǵؾᓐǵᐋ ᆒઓຝቻǶ߈ԃٰচ҇চՐ҇ЎϯਁᑫϷࢲΚပीޑΨࢂᆢᛠЎϯ ๎ેޑЎϯډሽॶᢀᆶғࢲᄊࡋࡠൺଆٰǶပӣޑޗฝǴᅌஒচՐ҇ ىӣပЎϯǵวՅၭǵঋ៝ᕉნ҉ុϷᅈפύவ٣ၭࢲǴхࡴ ပᙂ१Ӽӄ(ЃమǴ2016)ǵচғނуॶၮҔ1(ЦวǴ2013)ǵаϷᙯࠠԖ ᐒၭගଯԏ2ǴᡉҢЎϯёаӧவ٣ᔮࢲύಕᑈඵችǶՠલЮኳ سᔮ୷ᘵǴΨჹᆢЎϯޑ܄ԄᏤΕϷѱЍǴғᄊඵችஒЖલёុ ԋࡐᝄख़ޑࡷᏯǶᡣғᄊඵችԋࣁ҇ޑȨޕᔮȩϷౢȨᙔੇ ౣȩǴஒࢂЎϯૈցᝩុߥࢲΚǵᝩុᆢ҇ޑЎϯЬᡏ܄ޑᜢᗖǶ
ЍہၭډচՐ҇ၭள.3 Ǵ٬ౢໆගଯวೌמշΠǴլܺػᅿϷਭڐޑہচՐ҇ၭӧၭ ԋ׳ࣴวਢǴמᔮਏǶጪၭׯόচՐ҇ၭᇶᏤϷࣽޑචғౢ ՉߥᅿᆶࣴวǶᆵނΓΚǴଞჹচໂՅբز࠻ΕߐࣴزҥচՐ҇ၭࣴ ǵࢶઓဗلᇶᏤǴӧλԯǵᐋೌמਭᆅނচՐ҇Յբٮၭׯගܿ ᏹڀਭᆅǵౢࠔхးᆶՉᎍϷၭᐒނǴှ،ΓբόᔈٮБय़ౢໆނՅբ
дҔ 6 ᜪǴځਏҔǴϩࣁᛰҔǵ१ҔǵуπҔǵπ᛬ҔǵऍऍᎳҔϷނ1ࠄᑜ٩চғ ଭቶᅿǴ໒วрଭ३ဉǵБ༧ǵೈǵᜮᓐуπౢࠔǶޑ٠ᒧനԖᔮਏ ໂடξပаคࢥਭྛڑ2хࡴߓٚξᅦયԖᐒЎϯғࢲߦǵጪᑜӀൺໂٖၭǴ Ƕόᔈٮ׳ᇙधૡݨǴӧѱ
7 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
շप݅ໂԯϷϘངໂྷ۟ڐբᆢঅၭୢᚒǶଯၭׯϷᆵύၭׯϩձ Γ߆Ƕڙ३ԯൺػǴ֡Ԗᡉԋ݀Ǵు
4.ౢೕኳϷౢሽॶᓬϯ ǵೌמӳǴΓոΚ൩ՉǴౢуॶǵࠔจՉᎍೌמౢाബཥǴόࢂၭ લǶচՐ҇Ьाவ٣ભၭғౢǴЪӭϡࣁλၭᔼǴӃϺ܈όё׳ࡋڋಔᙃ ೕኳᔮӍ༈ǴคݤୖᆶሽᝡݾǶ٩ᏵȨౢ༾ઢԔጕȩፕ(ࡼਁᄪǴ2010)Ǵ ྍǴѓᆄࢂӧٰޑᆄ౽Ƕౢଯߕуሽॶٿౢ҂ٰाԖᝡݾΚǴѸ۳Ԕጕ ෞޑඵች(ճ)ǵޕᔮǴѰᆄࢂӧΠෞޑᆕӝ୍ܺǵࠔจǴԶύෞޑ ౢܭୱǴᝡݾΚΨၨৡǶচՐ҇ғᄊඵችᔈҔޑᇙࢂߕуሽॶനե ᓬ༈ǴӵՖӝ٠วΠෞ܄ඵች(ճ)ϷΠෞࠔจᐱޑԖෞڀǴ ୢᚒǶޑ،࣬ᜢᖄౢǴаౢࠠᄊᘉεೕኳϷബӧӦ൩ᐒǴΨࢂߛࡑှ
ۺΒ)ࡹ) ۓวബཀᔮǴᒧޕౢࡹЬືࣁၮҔচՐ҇ޑচ҇໘ࢤ ၭǵЎബౢϷғᄊਓၯࣁวख़ᗺǴаය่ӝബཥϡનǴࡌᄬ಄ӝΓሡा ӵԛǺۺࡹޑౢวౣǴԖᜢၭޑ܍٠ঋ៝Ўϯ
1.ౢวሡԖշܭЎϯ҉ុ ࣁ୷ᘵǴޕሽॶӧӦޗϷೌמҙፎගਢ֡ሡаচՐ҇ඵችǵЎϯǵ ӣჹפ׆ఈΓख़ཥ׳όࢂวౢǴޑᄬགྷǶচ҇ံշҞޑගрബཥၮҔ ٠ԖૈΚޕǴᏢಞᙑڮ٬܍၍ញǴၸӧவ٣ᔮࢲύჴ፬ЎϯޑЎϯ ՜Ǵۯޑୱޑ܍௲ǴғౢբࣁЎϯޑуаബཥǶЎϯόӆѝࢂ௲ࣽਜ ғࢲډᔮၗҁᕇճϐࡕǴӣޑၩᡏǴၸЎϯၗҁౢғޑΓԋࣁ҇Ўϯ ୱЍЎϯख़ࡌǴ٠٬ЎϯᝩុߥࢲΚǶ
2.ೱ่१ނǵЎϯǵ଼நϷᕉნബཥሽॶ Michael PorterࡰрǴ܌Ԗޑᔮࢲύѝाૈബрሽॶޑᕉ൩ёયΕሽ ඵǴ2013)Ƕ)ሡޣىϐӧᅈقᒏሽॶᙁ܌ॶǴගଯౢߕуሽॶǹ ඵޑၭݤǴࢂ༾ઢԔጕѰᆄޑǵ϶๓βӦޕਭޑǴচՐ҇ٯаλԯౢࣁ ىᅈۺ၍ញϷჴ፬ǴϸࢀѓᆄࠔจϷҾЎϯǴ٠ӧ଼நཷޑችǹჹλԯЎϯ ፓӝϷബཥуڐၠ)ౢϐ܈)ՏՉᡏۓஒӆ٩ԜǶሡޣ ᎦғǶکຫٰຫख़ຎ१ࠔӼӄޗᇥǺȨЬࢬ܌ৣށॶǶ၈ӵമើပᔎܴ Ǵࢂচނ⟻ޑӞ܌ၰдॺޕᔼᎦሽॶ൩ଯǴӵ݀дॺيआ㈻ҁکλԯޑॺൺػך ࣁߞҺǶȩ(Չ׳ౢࠔஒޑ೭ኬܭѐǴٗሶჹܫЎϯޑჹλԯ൧ख़עՐ҇ς Ǵ2013)ǶہࡹଣচՐ҇
Ңጄߦౢ่ᄬᓬϯۓᒧ.3 ೀՉౢҢጄǴаӦၗྍ 16 ۓၢಥа۳ൂᗺǵൂံշኳԄǴᒧ ܄നமޑၭࣁਡЈౢǶҢጄीฝϩӃයೕჄϷीฝ 2 ໘ࢤՉǴ ҙፎൂՏӃගрวᜫඳǴቩ಄ӝаচՐ҇ޕวബཀᔮᆒઓǴံշ
8 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ीฝǴֹԋౢҢጄጄൎϣၗྍዬᗺǵۓӃයೕჄǴаԃࣁයᔕ วౢวલαǴ٠ᙖҗᔼၮኳԄࡌᄬǴՍೱΠෞౢǴගрౢ่ᄬᓬ ϯౣϷᕇճኳԄǴ೯ၸಃ 2 ໘ࢤޑᅩᒧբǴ໒ࣁය 3 ԃޑीฝǶ ՜ۯࠔ፦ࡕǴӆکౢໆۓౢ่ᄬᓬϯౣவပભౢϐวЋǴᛙ ᆄǴаٿ໒วуπౢࠔǵᓓϷပుࡋਓၯΒǵΟભౢǶၸ༾ઢԔጕ ЬືǴߦԿΟભౢکբࣁബཥϡનǴаϷբࣁࠔจՉᎍౣޕၭғᄊ ϐǴаભౢࣁਡЈǴаق่ᄬᓬϯǴࡌᄬϷՍೱပϤભϯౢวǶඤ ౢဂᆫਏᔈǶӧБݤǴၸი໗ډӕЈ༝ӛѦᘉϷΒǵΟભౢǴаၲ շပჴǶڐೌמЇᏤΓԾՉ໒วǴѸाਔӆЇ
4.ᡍᕇճኳԄ ကࣁঁ٣ (a business) ബᔼԏ (revenue) ᆶճۓᆢ୷ԭࣽஒኳԄ ޑҁ٣ȩǶӳޑჴ൩ࢂȨғӸځЋࢤᆶБݤǴᙁൂٰᇥǴኳԄޑ (ዎ (profit ޗ)ᡍኳԄࢂցёՉٮᑼΕബཥǵຠ߈ѱǹᔼၮीฝӆૈܭኳԄӧ ҾࢬǴ2014)ǶȨౢҢጄӃයೕჄȩҙፎൂՏӧගਢ໘ࢤӃගрᕇճ ीޑࡕǴံշӃයೕჄБૈ໒ࣁය 3 ԃ܄ബཀϷёՉڀኳԄǴຑ Ҟǵѱ/࠼ဂǵౢࠔ/୍ܺǴޑۓฝǴӧ೭ 3 ԃΨࢂȨ၂ᔼၮȩǴଞჹচӃ ಔᙃΓΚǵᔼၮՉᎍǵ୍ᆅǴၸȨ၂ᔼၮȩᔠຎёаុόᘐӦၮբ ᕇճኳԄǴ٠ᄾԄፓǶޑ (repeatable) ǶচՐڋᔼᡏޑሽॶᢀᆶғࢲᄊࡋޑޗኳԄΨाࡌᄬ಄ӝচՐ҇ ޑѦӧచҹלܢᏹբኳԄᜤаޑ҇ౢӭឦ༾ࠠ٣ǴаঁᡏൂѺᐱରԄ മΚЍජǴΨࡌޑۓඤπǴӧғीᕇளޑЍଛǴୖԵၸѐচՐ҇ပύ གᜢ߯Ǵҁीฝ׆ఈஒౢҢጄԿΟભౢᔼϩπǴᑼޑҥΓᆶΓϐ໔ Ǵᅽճሡޗሽॶ-ϕշӝբǴ٠ӝϩଛճዎǹޑಔᙃനख़ाޗΕচՐ҇ Ψளаճዎ܌ளගኘҔܭԴΓϷѴԎྣ៝ǴวචޗӼӄфૈǶ
5.ᎦౢബཥޑΓω ი໗ٰᔼǶౢޑኳԄѸाԖჹޑΓωࢂচՐ҇ౢวᜢᗖǴӳ ҾᔼٮǴගޣࢂಔᙃౢᖄ࿉ǴӝҢጄϣԿΟભౢҢጄಃ ၮᇶᏤǵഉՔ៝ୢǵω૽ግᎦԋǶࣁᏤΕബཥૈໆǴচ҇ගрȨԭബ уॶᔈҔബǶബი໗Ȩੇᒧȩၸำϩ 3 ໘ޑמᆒჴीฝȩǴႴᓰΓаࣽ ࢤǴಃ 1 ໘ࢤࣁബᝡᖻǴബი໗ගрၮҔচՐ҇ޕ໒วཥኳ ԄޑीฝǴຑቩ೯ၸࡕǴᕇள 2 ϡബዛߎǶಃ 2 ໘ࢤი໗ၮҔዛߎՉౢ ഉՔᇶᏤǵᡍኳԄϷຑٮࠔ၂ᡍϷࡌҥኳԄǴচ҇ӧၸำύග ი໗Ǵёᕇளԭޑᔼԋфᐒǹӧයज़ϣගрᔼၮीฝǴ٠ຑኳԄёՉ ബዛߎǶಃ 3 ໘ࣁၮҔബዛߎֹԋϦљҥฦǴচ҇ុᇶᏤᔼᡏ ፦ǴхࡴࠔจǵՉᎍǵ୍Ϸࠔ໒วǶ
9 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
6.ၠୱၗྍӝ ЇᏤΕǴวචၗྍӝਏޑҁीฝஒ่ӝύѧ࣬ᜢံշၗྍǴԖीฝ շǶڐၭࡹൂՏวǴ൨ೌמǶҞԖᜢၭػᅿϷਭ
Οǵঁਢϩ-ᆵܿᑜᔛӀߎλԯౢҢጄीฝ3
ᆵܿᑜߎঢ়ໂǵϼഞٚໂǵεݓໂǵၲϘໂǴΞᆀܭλԯٰԾޑᆵԖ 7 ԋ բޥΞᆀᆘلᐋځ፺բǴЀلᐋ܈ࠄӦǶӧӦΓϝᆢλԯᆶआ㈻ǵࢶઓ ҞǶᆵܿᑜࡹ۬׆ఈޑǴёаᆢӦΚǴ಄ӝаၭғᄊඵችวౢނ ೱ่ǴࡌҥࠄλޑӦǴଆλԯҖᆶЎϯޑԾρډၸҁीฝെଆΓӣ ԯၭౢࠔจǴѺ۩ᅽӣໂബϐၡǶ
՜໒วуπౢۯࠔ፦ЋǴӆکౢໆۓҁीฝౢ่ᄬᓬϯౣǴӃவᛙ ࠔǵᓓϷပుࡋਓၯΒǵΟભౢǶᆵܿᑜࡹ۬ςਡҥਢԋҥȨߥೢ ҺᆵܿᑜচՐ҇ࠄλԯғౢӝբޗȩ(аΠᙁᆀӝբޗ)ǴբࣁౢᔼၮѳѠǴ җܭλԯሽុᚹϲǴΓୖᆶཀᜫଯǴࠄѤໂςԖ 90%ౢᎍಔᙃуΕӝբ ޗǴਭय़ᑈςၲ 170 ϦഘǹΨԖޗᔼၭౢࠔуπቷಥෘǵಥಈǵଳ շػрᆵܿ 8 ဦϷ 9 ဦࠔᅿǴගϲౢໆϷࠔ፦Ƕӧ༾ઢԔڐуπǹᆵܿၭׯ ۓ CISǴаϷౢӦϷуπᇡǴႣسҾձޗࠔจሽॶБय़ǴӝբޑጕѰᆄ ளǶڗϞԃࡋ֡ё
ӝբޗࢂޗޑȨዼܿॿȩǴኳԄкϩᑼΕচՐ҇ޗಔᙃޑϕ ՉᎍǶၭЊکǵၮᎍǵуπǴаϷౢࠔ໒วނԏᖼբޗᆒઓǶӝբޑշӝբ ӄхᒤǴёޗྗғౢǴǵуπǵၮᒡଛଌҗӝբޑۓ܌ޗѝࡪྣӝբ ዬԏᖼՉૈΚǴΓόൂѺᐱରǶۓᔼၮԋҁǴΨԖᛙޑаफ़եঁձၭЊ ஒԏԋࡕᎍ܈ҶહӦЬፋӝբǴӦЬёрπၗǴפΨԋҥжહ໗ǴЬޗӝբ жહ໗ϩǴှ،ၭമΚЖલୢᚒǶ҂ٰλԯਭय़ᑈᝩុԋߏǴکள܌୧ ٮᔼҞΨхࡴ҂ٰගޗӭ൩ᐒǶԜѦǴӝբ׳ΨஒቚуǴബжહሡ ӼӄфૈǶޗޑǵԎԴ୍ܺǴჴ፬ౢٽԎ
߯аᛦҬλԯኧໆीᆉයၗϷϩଛިճߎᚐ4ǶѝԖ೯ٯၗКޗӝբ ၸౢӦҢܴࣁҁीฝୱϣౢрϐλԯǴ٠Ъ೯ၸၭᛰคࢥᑔᔠǴωё٬Ҕ ࡋǴҁीฝය໔ϣҗीฝᑜ۬ံշᇡຠરڋౢӦᇡകǴࣁႴᓰୖᆶᇡ යዽહբϷғౢइᒵǴᗉխѦٰۓޗࠔ፦ǴӝբޑҔǶࣁዴߥԏᖼλԯ хࡴ႟୧ǵᓓǵ֝)ѝा 100%)ޣαλԯషкǶҢጄୱϣѦ܈λԯ ൂǵᆛઠǵ࠹ܭᇡϐࠄλԯǴёҙፎ CIS ЬຎᔈҔǴҭёӑᇙڙ٬Ҕ
วബཀᔮीฝ-ᔛӀߎλԯޕ3ҁीฝᄒԿҞՉǴ߯٩Ᏽᆵܿᑜࡹ۬ȨচՐ҇ ౢҢጄीฝයύൔȩᄔाǶ ܌ځ߾٩ٯीᆉБԄаλԯ४аᛦΕໆԏᖼሽǴीᆉයၗߎᚐǴިҽКٯၗКޗ4ӝբ ԃଛளިճǶඤᆉǴٯ՞ԃࡋᕴԏᖼλԯϐᕴኧǴՉК
10 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
՜໒ว࣬ۯ٠ࣁёஒࠔจ CIS ޗࠔǴаബଯࡋᚼӀϷ٬ҔᐒǶӝբ ࠔǶۺᜢЎബࠔϷइ
ബޑ໘ࢤǴচ҇ஒȨᆒჴബीฝȩҞλԯΒǵΟભౢᓬϯۘӧଆ ןࠄλԯೱ่Ƕচ҇ӧᆵܿԖ 9 ঁബი໗5Ǵᆵܿᑜࡹ۬ԾՉکიი໗ ύځǴޣ 5 ঁǴᔼҞᓓǵǵၭౢၮᎍǵ҇எǵЎബǵғᄊਓၯ Ǵ҂ٰஒԖλԯౢ୍ܺکԋǴаλԯࣁЬᚒബཥౢࠔޗϩബი໗Ψࢂӝբ ଢ଼ᓔǵЎബλ⬏ǵλԯ҇எǵࠄλਓՉόӕౢ॥ᇮǶԜѦǴڜӦᓓਫǵЎϯ ୢᚒǴচۓᔈόᛙٮԖচޔബი໗ȨচᎈȩǴޑӧጪᑜаλԯՅፓଚ ٰྍǴౢᎍΨᜫཀගٮۓ҇൞ӝȨচᎈȩӛࠄλԯౢᎍ௦ᖼǴᕇளᛙ ǴᚈБϕճ෧ᇸচϷೌמᓬඁሽǹȨচᎈȩΨӕཀᔅᆵܿᑜࡹ۬૽ፓଚٮ ໒วཥౢࠔޑԋҁǶ
ࠄλԯीฝࡕុӵՖՍೱԿΟભౢวචϕշӝբሽॶǴஒࢂૈց ȩǴٰޑдȨᡣځᜢᗖǶၭ҇ѝሡЈவ٣ғౢǴޑബཥ٠҉ុᔼុ ཥޑޣǵЎϯǵ଼நϷᕉნǴගрѺނշബი໗ೱ่१ڐऩૈуமΚၰ ڋڙǴλԯஒᘍಥӜ۫ǴബౢሡޑᆵܿѸೖǵѸວډౢࠔϷཥ୍ܺǴԋࣁ ғीΨၨԖߥምǶќБय़ǴӧޣሽǴჹғౢޑۓ೯ၡǴᆢ࣬ჹᛙޑዬܭ ୍ܺ܈ԋҁǴౢࠔނளၨᓬඁሽǴ෧ᇸচڗബი໗ǴёаޑΠسᡏޗӝբ ࡌҥပᔮܭᔼኳԄǴԖշޑ࣬ჹԖᝡݾΚǶ೭ᅿԿΟભౢϕճϷϩπ ޑЬᡏ܄ǴаϷၲԋӦౢӦᎍޑҞǶ
ϣ఼Ƕߎঢ়ໂҞޕғᄊޑుϯλԯسԖزฅԶҞۘલЮࣽᏢࣴ ᄬǵ่ᕞࠠԄǵՅᐛǵαགϷ१่ޑǴόӕࠔᅿዼიسᅿλԯЎϯࠔ 26 ډԏ (ӵပ࣬᎐Ѓើ(cu-pa-ranٯҔЎϯৡ౦ǴહբਔׇᆶғౢኳԄΨԖόӕǴ ࠔᅿձӝౢϷғख़ੰޣࡠൺᡏΚޣ१ҔǶচՐ҇ჹόӕλԯࠔᅿޑ१Ҕ ӭኬౢࠔǴғᄊඵችΨஒ׳ϩᕇளӑǴόёа໒วޑඵችǴҗࣽᏢ ୷ӢࢬǵޑDNAǴวλԯဂ ޑϩλԯزᙦֹǶԜѦǴԋфεᏢࣴ׳ ᒪϩဂǴᆶচՐ҇ޑᎂ২ǵӚচՐ҇໔ЎϯҬࢬԖமਗ਼ᜢᖄ(ܿහཥᆪǴ ӣפёගଯࠔจЎϯϣ఼ǴόӧᔮᕇǴΨ׳ౢࠔࡺ٣ǴܭǴᔈҔ(2015 চՐ҇ޑᐕўǶ
ว٠ᙯࠠࣁၭҾǻҞҁीฝωՉಃ 2നࡕǴࠄλԯૈց ܭǴᙯࠠࣁၭҾԖշقԃǴߩ่ਢࡕຎჴሞԋ݀ӆຑǴ ՠόёᒈ ගϲౢೕኳϷബཥࣴวૈໆǶ
ǵ݀ن5ϼഞٚໂᖱᇋᇋλᓓᓔᇯपပ Patagilj Յλ۫(Ўബλ⬏)ǵԣ ໂ Bike De Koffie λԯ ၲϘໂၲൕၭౢࠔҾޗԖᐒܫξᚊǵvuvu ၭচғԭ㎷ǵѠ㞯ပआ㈻ၭ༜ǵᆵܿѱ႟ ࠄໂεЃϤΐပЃᅂጀᄾរх֝Ϸើ Talaluki ᅆࢬЕЋπถǶڒᆸᗂπբ࠻ǵا
11 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Ѥǵ่ፕᆶࡌ
ჴ፬٠уаബཥǴԋࣁ܄ၸᔮғౢǴёаុޕচՐ҇ғᄊ ǴǴ٠٬ЎϯᝩុߥࢲΚǶԐයচ҇ҭࢂଓЬࢬѱሡેڮပᔮว ޕЎϯԖᐒೱ่ǶচՐ҇کਭǴ۹ౣӵՖஒౢނႴᓰΓਭଯᔮբ ࣁЎϯډפวኳԄǴࣁပޑวബཀᔮᄬགྷǴҾკࡌҥ่ӝЎϯᆶᔮ Ƕڮ٬ޑ܍ᔮ୷ᘵǴӧவ٣ᔮࢲύၲԋЎϯޑ܍
Ǵ߯ӢౢೕኳεǴٯബཥၮҔਢޕҁЎаࠄλԯբࣁวғᄊ ǴωԖཀᜫΕǴёаࣁ҂ޕਭޑϷඳǴΓඓඝλԯԖܴዴѱሡ ख़ाࡰǶᆵܿᑜࡹ۬ΑှҁࡹਡЈሽॶǴᜫཀӝӧӦޑຑΕၗྍٰ ቷమཱόठୃᚆБӛǴԿࣁᜢᗖǶҞࠄޑᡙਢՉ܍ΓଆոΚǴ٠ᡣ λԯӧౢ่ᄬᓬϯǵኳԄᑼΕচՐ҇ޗᆒઓǵаϷගଯౢߕ уሽॶǴςԖ໘ࢤ܄ԋ݀ǴуமΚၰ០ബი໗ࣁλԯബཥሽॶǴౢബ ཥၮҔωԖคज़ёૈǶ
ǴѝाவೌמளၮҔଯߐᘖـബཥၮҔόޕჴচՐ҇ғᄊځ ǴزࣴޑӵՖаࣽᏢܭҾࢬǴ2014)ǶԿޗ)рวǴӝλᗺηΨૈҥεфሡޑޣ ޑуॶǴςຬрচ҇מϣ఼ǴаϷၮҔၭࣽޑғᄊඵችޑλԯܭుϯჹ ǵᔮᐒᜢӅӕӝբǴӅӕගϲပמǵࣽہၭکΚጄൎǴයࡑૈ ౢᝡݾΚǶ
ୖԵЎ
ӭኬނ҂ٰϐఈ চՐ҇ғޕ܄ӭኬނЦว 2013 ᆵচՐ҇ғ ᆵч p.62-74Ƕہߥៈीฝԋ݀ว߄ᄤࣴ চՐ҇ޕ܄ Ѓమ 2016 চՐ҇షၭ݅ޕᆶᔮว চՐ҇ಞᄍೕጄᆶ୯ ᆵч p.175-184ǶہࣴፕЎ চՐ҇ڋৎݤ ޗҾࢬ 2014 ޗҾΚ ޗҾࢬ ᆵч p.247-249Ƕ ֆછ 2004 ғᄊޕǵЎϯၗҁǵᆶԾฅၗྍᆅ—வᎹഩ L ပޑ࣍ ԾǺhttp://www.srcs.nctu.edu.tw/cssc/essays/8-3.pdfǶڗ ᘪЎϯᡂᎂፋଆ ԾǺڗ ϐᔈҔޕֆߪ፣ 2009 চՐ҇ғᄊ http://www.coa.gov.tw/view.php?catid=20145Ƕ ԾǺڗ ٯᡂᎂ—аεӕໂࠄξပࣁޗᆶޕϘ 2003 ੀғᄊ݅ http://jhuangwei.e-land.gov.tw/85/20080817060029.pdfǶ ٯᆶࢬୱݯаੀ Mrqwang ဂϐΓݞᜢ߯ࣁޕε 2013 চՐ҇ғᄊ۔ ӦᏢൔ 70:69-105Ƕ ܿහཥᆪ 2015 ԋεǺѠԐԖᅿλԯЎϯǴ୷Ӣᆶύ୯ࠔᅿᜢᖄཱུλ ܿහ ԾǺhttp://www.ettoday.net/news/20150216/468576.htmǶڗ ཥᆪ
12 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ࡼਁᄪ 2010 ࠔจǴઢঁ ϺΠᚇᇞިҽԖज़Ϧљ ᆵч p.26-31Ƕ ܫᔈᖄ࿉ vs.໒ٮඵ 2013 வሽॶᢀᗺ࣮ၭౢϯวϐӝౣǺ т 35:68-73ǶۑౢמԄ ബཥᖄ࿉Ǵၭғ ᆵч p.68-71Ƕہচ҇ 2013 চໂӳᗺη ౢཥ॥ᇮ চՐ҇ Ꮲൔ 4(1):151-166Ƕزᡂᎂ ѠচՐ҇ࣴځጄϷڂޕނ۸߿ 2014 ၽ ᚑངᓉ 2012 চՐ҇ޗ҉ុၭᔼϐΚᜢ߯—аཥԮᑜӾҡໂੀ ԾǺڗ ٯပࣁ http://www.taiwananthro.org.tw/sites/www.taiwananthro.org.tw/files/conference papar/%E9%A1%8F%E6%84%9B%E9%9D%9C-%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F %E6%B0%91%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E8% BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E7%B6%93%E7%87%9F%E4%B9%8B%E6%AC%8 A%E5%8A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%820901%20%281%29.pdfǶ
13 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Promotion the innovation and development of indigenous traditional ecological knowledge by council of indigenous peoples
Wei-Zhe Liu
Council of Indigenous Peoples
Abstract The best way to meet the economic and living needs of local residents is through achieving the environmental and ecological balance of traditional knowledge in agriculture for indigenous peoples. Many studies show that indigenous traditional diet provides high and meaningful values for human health, which draws public attention to indigenous cultures and ancestral wisdom. However, traditional ecological knowledge must possess “Sustainability”. Therefore, through elaborating on CIP’s (Council of Indigenous Peoples) attempt to turn traditional ecological knowledge into the backbone of modern industries. This thesis focuses on the innovation and application of traditional ecological knowledge for agriculture, to build the framework combined with culture and economy. Through sustainable practices and innovation, indigenous cultures would maintain vitality and thus become the key elements in tribal economic development. This thesis took “Twilight Millet Industrial Demonstration Area Program of Taitung County” as an example and explained its current situation and initial results. Furthermore, it analyses future opportunities and upcoming challenges, in hope of cooperating with relevant agencies to work together towards tribal traditional ecology while facilitating innovation and application.
Keyword: indigenous peoples, industry, traditional ecological knowledge
14 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ᆶࣴวೕჄزচՐ҇ပၭϐ҉ុᔼࣴ
كᗶျǵ෯ླྀᏦǵ
܌ၭ၂ᡍہՉࡹଣၭ
ᄔा
ࡋፕচໂပၭวفЎϯచҹޗճҔϷচໂុ҉ޑҁЎவԾฅၗྍ ၭޑᓬ༈ǴࡌᄬӭኬϯނԾฅᕉნచҹᆶচғբޑόӕပౣǶࡌᔈ൨ ەǴගϲၭᔼਏǴаँઇচໂғౢኳԄǴ่ӝӦЎϯՅᆶѱሡ ޑวǴԋфޑวҗঁձၭЊޑǶၭ҇ಔᙃڋज़ޑહӦԖज़ǵຯᚆѱᇻށၭ уமەϩ٦ऍቺǴᅌวԋౢᖄ࿉Ƕࡹ۬ޑၭኳԄᡣဂᡏਏүǴࡌᄬচԖ ᇶշǴගϲౢॶǴᘉεӧӦ൩ᐒೌמၭғౢीฝǴமΚޑᇶᏤӚပ ੮ՐচՐ҇ӦߙԃǶ
ᜢᗖӷǺচՐ҇ၭǵ҉ុၭǵβӦຑᆶβӦճҔೕჄ
15 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
ق
ीၗہਥǴख़ाᔮٰྍǶՉࡹଣচՐ҇ޑၭࢂচՐ҇ပว ᡉҢၭৎচՐ҇ৎԖ 54.6%ޑৎғࢲǴեܭ೦ጁጕаΠ(ՉࡹଣচՐ҇ ӦӢનǴεӭ௦ޑЎϯৡ౦ϷόճܭᔼǴҗޑǴ2014)Ƕচໂၭہ ߥ੮ϐচ܌હᅿБԄᔼǶࡹ۬ࣁߥምচՐ҇ғीǴࣁচՐ҇Չࡹޑǵᚇբܫಉ βڵࣁճҔǴՠၭӦёਭय़ᑈλǵٮচՐ҇٬Ҕϐߥ੮ӦٮՐ҇ߥ੮ӦϷቚጓ ౢໆեǵࠔ፦ό֡ЪౢӦᚆѱᇻǵၮԋܭаԿೌמΚৡǴуаЖલਭޥᝆ ংհథǴۑեሽᝡݾǶՠӭኧၭӦࢂӢՏೀଯӦǴহܭҁଯǴᕴᕴӢનόճ ჹၭޣᓬ༈ǵ܄ᕉნғᄊӭኬڀᓬ༈ǴЪޑጫୢᚒۑёаᔆံѳӦЖલহ วӭय़ӛౢǴ҂ٰวೌממଯǴӵૈ๓уၮҔၗྍǴЇࣽౢࠔࠔ፦ा όλ㉚Ƕ
ຑ܄ەǵβӦ
Ǻ(1)ᆅӢηۓ،ౢໆࢂҗΠӈΟঁЬाӢηޑՏۓӧࢌނ೯தբ (ǵНϩᆅǵਭਔයǵࠔᅿǵᚇǵੰᙝ্ٛݯǶ(2ނǵբբޥхࡴǺࡼ ೌמǶ(3)ӦংచҹхࡴǺྕǵߘໆǵВྣϷ॥Ƕᆅ܄Ӧϐβᝆ ਭϩભ೯தࢂаংϷނཥԶংϷβᝆచҹࠅόܰׯᡂǴӢԜբ׳ёаᏢಞ βᝆࣁϩભჹຝǶ
βӦຑᆶβӦճҔೕჄ (land evaluation and land use planning, LELUP) ࢂ ނ߈ΒΜԃٰวϐߐᏢୢǴ٣ჴβӦຑࢂβӦճҔೕჄϐҽǶբ ਭޑຑᆶβӦຑޑόӕᗺӧܭβӦຑаԾฅచҹϷᔮ܄Ǵ೯த ࢂаԾฅǵޗǵᔮΟБय़చҹӅӕԵໆԶբނਭѝԵቾԾฅచҹޑ ύаȬaځҥፕ୷ᘵǶޑᏢୢǴԖ࣬ӭޑֹ׳ǶβӦຑᆶβӦճҔࣁ܄ە framework for land evaluation, FAO(1976)ȭࢂӄШࣚβӦճҔޑ୷ҡǶ
βӦຑֹԋࡕᔈёӣเΠӈϐୢᚒǺӵ݀ҞβӦճҔࠠᄊᝩុΠѐёૈ ౢғϙሶǻࢂցёૈׯᡂҞβӦճҔݩǻব٤βӦճҔࠠᄊࢂёՉ ۘ܈܄Ԗ҉ុڀǻԖব٤βӦճҔࠠᄊࢂޑڙచҹࢂёௗޗǴԶЪӧᔮϷޑ ႣයғౢϷ෧Ͽόճډόճϐቹៜǻࣁၲکдճǻ೭٤βӦճҔࠠᄊԖځԖ ϐቹៜǴԖব٤Ѹሡၗǻ೭٤βӦճҔࠠᄊϐճࢂব٤ǻӵ݀ׯᡂβӦճҔ ǻჴޑࢂѸሡ܈ޑϐཥБԄǴӵǺឲीฝǴ߾ሡᕕှব٤βӦׯᡂࢂёૈ ӦӦय़ᖏଯࡋΓαԋߏЇଆϐڵӵԖࢌݮੇٯ೭٤ׯᡂሡϙሶኬϐၗǻ ǵ೦ጁୢᚒǶࡺӧβӦຑϐӃඓඝϐୢᚒख़ىୢᚒǴхࡴሡाှ،ᙂ१ό ᗺࣁࢂցёቚуౢໆǻࢂցёЇΕߎբނǻӦϐৎ੬ܫᎦ܍ၩໆǻᜐሞβ ӦϐߥػୢᚒǶ
วᆶೕჄǴ߈ԃၭϺฅؠ্ևޑပၭܭβӦຑᆶβӦճҔೕჄ ܭၸѐǴჹܭӭኬǵଯமࡋǵᓎวǵख़วǵεय़ᑈᄊ༈Ǵচ҇ၭؠཞᇻࣗ
16 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ख़ຎচ҇ၭۈߥػౣӢᔈǶҞࡹ۬ၭߐ໒ޑচ҇ၭวǴᔈԖཥ ǴวචӚӦϐచҹᓬ༈ǴۺᆶပΓӅӕמวǴᔈ่ӝӚΚໆǵࣽ ᙶुӚပཥޑၭวБӛᆶᜫඳǶ
ϣ
ǵՉচໂၭౢว֚ნ
1.ၭЊᏱԖၭӦय़ᑈୃե ᕴीԖচՐ҇ߥ੮Ӧϐჴሞय़ᑈࣁ 266,305.4 ϦഘǴऊ 41 ǴၭށҔӦ ऊ 5 ᎩϦഘǴϩѲܭᆵ࣪ 12 ᑜѱ 39 ঁໂᙼǴ၁ӵკ܌ҢচՐ҇ߥ੮Ӧ চՐ҇ीԖ 16 Ǵ549,613 ΓǴӦΓαኧޑϩթკǶа 105 ԃࡹ۬ी ށΓёϩளၭǴ2013)Ǵᆉѳ֡চໂӦہΓ(ՉࡹଣচՐ҇ 238,226 Њ֡Γαኧࣁ 4.1 Γ(ՉࡹଣচՐ҇ҔӦऊ 0.2 ϦഘǴ݅ҔӦऊ 0.67 ϦഘǴ ЊऊᏱԖ 0.84 ϦഘၭӦϷ 2.74 Ϧഘ݅ҔӦǴՠϩβӝשǴ2010)Ǵہ ޑНྗۓԶाᆢೌמβӦၗྍᆶᔼޑચᡣ๏ѳӦΓǴीаҞ܈Ӧр୧ ᜤࡋǶ֚ځᔮғࢲԖ
კǵচՐ҇ߥ੮Ӧϩթკ Fig. 1. Indigenous reserve land of Taiwan (ၭ၂ᡍ܌ 2015 ጓᛤ)
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ىၭΕό.2 Γѳ֡ϩଛௗჹচՐ҇ЍрԃࡋႣᆉऊ 72 ሹ(ՉࡹଣǴ2016)Ǵаޔࡹ۬ ࣁଯǴуаচ҇Ӧ൯ᒩᗡǴӚᅿࡌޣኧᢀϐǴჹচՐ҇Εኧᗨၨ୯҇ Ⴃᆉᗨ֡ጓӈচՐ҇ޑǹΞӚډπำεǴҞᕷӭǴ൳Яᜤаय़य़ॿ ၗኧܴᡉୃեǴΞޑၭܭௗጓӈޔǴՠӢीฝϩණǴᜤаᆫขჴሞᔈҔǹ ձၭҖၗǶঁܭௗပჴޔӢҖ႟ࢃණթǴϦӅၗߎᚐᚳεǴᜤа
ىહӦԾฅ୷ᘵၨৡǴӃϺό.3 চໂၭӦϩѲੇܘଯࡋԾ 100 ϦЁԿ 2000 ϦЁϐ໔ǴεҽϐচՐ҇ߥ੮ ҔβӦऊ݅ەϩѲаځӦǶচՐ҇ߥ੮ӦڵԿ 1200 ϦЁϐξ 400 ܭӦϝύ дβӦ߾ऊԖ 6%(݅ࣿᆟǴځϷށەၭβӦऊ՞ 24%Ǵەԛࣁځ՞ 70%ࣁനӭǴ Ӧ߄НǵӦ፦ؠ্(ξǵβҡܭӦᆶଯξӦǴឦڵܭǶচՐ҇ߥ੮ӦՏ(2002 ኧۓԖޣǵᑈቫǵݞ۞ߟᇑǵӛྍߟᇑ)ϷԾฅඳᢀ௵གӦڵࢬǵӛ යНײӦၭǴβᝆଆҷǴҖλǴξڵၩΚեӦǶ܍ғᄊܭໆय़ᑈǴឦ ǶۓǴуаឲᆶᐒఓᏹբόܰǴቚуമΚԋҁǴౢໆόᛙۓǴឲНόᛙىྍό ཞ্ǴൺᙑၗεǶڙғߏܰނኪߘϷረ॥ઇᚯǴբۑহ
ଯٯԖહӦύեౢҖय़ᑈК.4 ܭफ़եǴβᝆύ້ǵᗔǵႇᡶ୷ܰ܄ϸᔈǴᕗԖਏ܄Ӧβᝆևமለڵ ࢬѨǹβᝆғϯϸᔈೲեǴ٬Ԗᐒᄊේǵ౷ǵᕗϡનញр֚ᜤǹӢલЮ້ǵᗔ ғػނЖલǴԶ٬բ܌Ӣ៓ǵ᎑ǵᒰϷణᚆηϐࢥ্Ǵǵᎋǵልǵ✘ҭԖ܈ คݤԾҗ՜ǴቹៜНسਥނӦβᝆభᖓǵӭҡǴբڵόؼ(ᗶျǴ1993)Ƕ ዊྒྷόؼᕉნϐፂΚफ़եǴᏤठғౢΚόӼ܈ײଳܭϩϷᎦϩϐ֎ԏճҔǹჹ Ƕۓ
5.ၭғᄊᕉნૄ১ य़ᑈࣁ 15,122 ϦޑीǴߥ੮Ӧϣຬज़ճҔޑہਥᏵՉࡹଣচՐ҇ ऊࣁ 6%(ጰॕǴ2007)ǶচՐ҇ߥ੮ӦᆶНٯКޑഘǴэߥ੮Ӧჴሞ٬Ҕय़ᑈ уεচՐ҇ၭ׳ྍߥៈǵߥӼ݅Ӧ࣬ख़᠄Ǵ၁ӵკΒǵΟ(݅ࣿᆟǴ2002)Ǵ ໒วճҔǴܰԋНβߥᅿᅿୢᚒǴ߄ޑᜤࡋǶӢӦଥǴၸࡋ֚ޑᔼ όճӢનǴޑࡕǴΕεໆᎦϩᆶНϩǴց߾ᜤаᔼǶࣁլܺғౢᕉნڇβؑ ༟ጤၭวᆶၰၡ໒วǴԋୱ௨НୢᚒǴኪߘ྄ؑၭҖᆶεޑЇΕၸӭ ғᄊόނၭᔼǴԋғޑय़ᑈ֠ୢᚒǶќБय़ξғᄊၗྍᙦǴၸࡋ Ƕש܄ӭኬނғ܈ѳᑽ
Ӣનޗдځ.6 চໂεӭࢂ߃ભౢࣁЬǴѝૈᆢৎीǴҗܭၗߎޑલЮǴচՐ҇ၭ҇ॄ Ǵ۳۳ೌמહբޑࡋၨ১όඪߵᓀ၂ཥڙௗޑۺཥᢀܭ॥ᓀǴჹޑᏼόଆЖԏ ճࡕǴωඪ၂ǴคݤՉғౢၗᆶׯޑჹচՐٰ҇ೌמཥډـाᒃ ज़ǴວБѱഷሽǴܰԋғౢѨᑽǴڙ๓ғౢᕉნǶЖલѱၗૻЪՉᎍ೯ၡ
18 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ᝡݾΚৡǹՉᎍ೯ၡઞǴᚆѱᇻǴѱၗૻǹΓω૽ނၡᇿᇻᆶѳӦౢ ҞਭᅿǴޓǴىǴၭၗૻόೌמፐำǶၭ҇લЮਭᐒϿǴό಄ӝӦБሡ Ƕىၭᛰූ੮όӝଯǹၭΓαଯសϯǴߙ֧ԃѦ౽ǴԋၭമΚό
კΒǵচՐ҇ߥ੮ӦՏܭНྍߥៈϩթკ(ЇҔጰॕ 2007 კ) Fig. 2. Indigenous reserve land located in water protection regime of Taiwan
კΟǵচՐ҇ߥ੮ӦՏܭߥӼ݅ϩթკ(ЇҔጰॕ 2007 კ) Fig. 3. Indigenous reserve land located in protection forest regimes of Taiwan
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Βǵচ҇ၭวౣ(SWOT ϩ)
ᓬ༈ Ӎ༈ 1.ংհథ 1.ၭӦ႟ණय़ᑈλ(0.5 Ϧഘ/Њ)ၭށҔ 2.Н፦ଳృ Ӧ Ӧၭឲᆶᐒఓᏹբόܰڵ.คϦ্ 2.3 ᆶೕჄ(ၭၗૻೌמ௨Нؼӳ 3.ၭ҇લЮਭ.4 ҞਭᅿǴၭᛰ٬ҔБԄό҅ޓǵىߦӧӦ൩ ό.5 (ᔈ ዴǵғౢѨᑽǵᆶѳӦၭౢᝡݾٮጫۑহ.6 ىඳᢀᆶғᄊၗྍࠆ 4.ၗߎό.7 ǴൺᙑၗεۓයឲНόᛙײ.Ўϯၗྍวၲ 5.8 ၭമΚଯសϯ.6 7.Չᎍ೯ၡઞǵᚆѱᇻ ᐒ ࠶ુ ӦၭҖࣁӭǴβᝆؑᇑᝄख़ڵ.1 ل௵ѱલЮጫ݀Ǵӵۑহ.1 ӛ(คࢥǵଯࠔ፦ǵଯሽ) 2.ংᡂᎂǴ୯βߥӼВᝄख़وѱ.2 ଯౢॶၭౢࠔቚӭǴхࡴǺԖᐒၭǵ 3.Ϻؠၰၡܰύᘐ.3 ଯξጫ… 4.୍ᆅલЮǴคᎩΚՉၭҖၗۑহ ચǵວӦ܍ѦӦΓ.5 ٯёጄٯӭচໂၭวԋфਢ.4 ѱ൩όܰǴቚуߙ֧ԃ߇ໂᔆ 6.ѱ॥ᓀ.5 ΓαԴϯ.7 ىമΚόံ ࡹ۬ख़ຎౢǴ֖চՐ҇ၭǵ 8.WTO-றǵଯǵྕ݀ᐋ.6 Ўബౢ
ΟǵচՐ҇ၭวޑБӛᆶౣ
()ౢว ᔈٮጫۑচՐ҇ߥ੮ёวଯհӦࣁহڶӧѳ.1 ѳӦྕࡋଯǵᙝ্ӭǴጫғౢόܰǴձࢂύྕጫǶ400-1200 ϦЁۑহ ጫғۑଯӦѳ֡ྕࡋၨѳӦե 2-6ʚǹহВংհథǵӦय़௨Нؼӳࣁচໂহ य़ၭӦǴว߃යᓬӃЇڶᓬ༈ǴձࢂคНβߥ៝ቾԴݞ໘ǵѳޑౢᕉნ Ǵӵယᜪᙟᇂથᆛаගଯጫౢໆᆶࠔ፦(चӼቼǴ2010)Ƕೌמᙁܰٛៈၭ Ǵೌמၭғౢ୷ᘵࡌǵคූࢥၭౢࠔਭٮচ҇ၭၗǴගܭࡹ۬ჹڗݾ ӅӕౢᎍიᡏǴวච 5 ᎩϦഘচ҇ߥ੮ޑٮௗޔӦၭ҇ಔᙃԾЬǵן ЬाᔮٰྍǶޑЬाٰྍǴബࣁচ҇ၭޑጫۑহۓҔӦԋࣁᛙށӦၭ
ᔈٮࣁଯࠔ፦ၭౢࠔނวࡼᎦనਭբ.2 தۑኪߘǵረ॥Ϻฅؠ্ǴࣿǵоۑӦၭձܰᎁࡾߘǵఘߘϷহڵ ǴӢԜሡۓӦጫϐౢໆϷࠔ፦όᛙڵᎁၶൣࢬٰ᠍ǴԶวғൣ্ǵᗩ্ǴᏤठ
20 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ғౢǶᆒஏٛៈࠠၭࡌᑐۓጫ݀ϐғߏᕉნǴωૈᛙڋճҔࡼϒаߥៈǴ ғౢрӼӄǵଯࠔ፦ϐၭౢࠔǶճҔհథংวࡼᎦۓଯǴՠёᛙሡ ՏΠǴஒၭډೲǴճዎཱུεǴӧಃ 2 ໘ࢤӚձၭ϶ၗߎזǴԋҁӣԏނనਭբ ށҔӦวԋࣁଯԏၭǶ
(Agroforestry system) Πวচ҇ၭس(ᆀష݅ၭ܈)ӧၭ݅ፄӝ.3 ށ܈ᆶၭނஒӭԃғЕҁޑޑǴԖҞسࢂᅿβӦճҔسష݅ၭ ᔼБԄǴ٬ၭǵ݅ޑอය࣬໔܈௨ӈݤޜਔڗӕβӦൂՏǴ٠௦ܭҔ ӧόӕޑಔӝ໔ӸғᄊᏢᆶᔮᏢᡏϯޑ࣬ϕբҔ(Lundgren, 1982)Ƕӧচໂ ғౢᆶ݅ࢲӕਔᕇҬނፂँǴஒၭբޑගрှᕉნᆶว໔سၭ݅ፄӝ ೌמғౢޑǶӧଛӝԖسβӦᔼ܄ុޑඹ่ӝǴ٬βӦғౢΚёаගଯ ᔈёаวύᛰǵૡǵৎǵեྕԖᐒ⏯ᜪғౢᆶԖᐒီᇋǶ
4.วচՐ҇ՅԖᐒၭ Ǵسғౢᡏޑᆢ଼நǵ҉ុૈ֡ޣԖᐒၭࢂঁβᝆǵғᄊϷΓᜪΟ ғౢБݤǴΨࢂᅿషޑϷӦᕉნᔈ֡៝܄מǵࣽ܄ᅿӭϡނӧғᄊၸำǵ ၭǶԖᐒၭౢࠔޑӝǵബཥǵࣽᏢวǴᆶᕉნӅ٦ளǴߦϦѳҬܰ ѱፓᆶՉᎍЋޑᔈीฝǴаϷܴዴٮۓӭኬϯǵᛙޑၭౢࠔۓሡाೕჄ Ƕٯਢޑଢ଼วၸำջࢂࡐӳڜݤǴࡀܿӦচ҇ғౢԖᐒ
ᔈٮᅿभ܈วጫǵы௦ᅿػᅿ.5 ᕉნΠǴճҔࡼٛߘϷᔈҔեྕংᓬ༈ǴёаวޑচՐ҇ၭӧ ᕉǴࣿǵоϷޑᔈٮᅿभ܈ڗࣁጫǵы௦ᅿᆶػᅿǵեྕ݀ᐋ௦ ޑଯ׳ڗໆϿԶൂሽଯǴᕇނࡾයёᗉխᆶѳӦғౢғᗲၭౢࠔፂँᝡݾǴԏᛘ ճǶ
ᐋౢ݀ޑӦਭᅿן.6 ǴճҔӦزࣴ܄ەΠǴଛӝౢӦғᄊۺǵٛៈࠠၭཷسӧష݅ၭ ϐғᄊނբۓٮ໔ၗૻǴගޜϩѲޑނϩӦǵংǵβᝆϷբسၗૻ ǴΨᗉխҍНβނғౢբޑӦᒧӦന٫ޑჄǶёа٬চ҇ӧόӕ܄ە ߥݤೕୢᚒǶ
7.চՐ҇բނ—ངҏηǵ३ ԖᎦᚑऍǵዎോᎦғǵڀངҏ݀ጤǴޑၩǴ፦પڂȨངҏηȩਥᏵύᙴᛰ 1,200 ډܩфਏǴӢԜѱ࣬ཟЋǴ߈ԃٰӢౢໆཇٰཇϿǴሽޑٛЗԴϯ ճዎᗋଯǶၸѐচ҇Կ݅໔ԏǴٌधԶౢނϡ/АаǴКНᇋਲଯᔮբ ǴΨёаᕇۓǴࠔ፦ᛙೌמໆόᛙǴӵׯࣁష݅ၭਭǴΕਭᆶᓯᙒхး Յଯሽύᛰǵ१ҔᛰҭёаΕวǶ܈ނдচ҇३բځճዎǶۓள
ೌמϐуπϷଳᔿނวբ.8 уπᆶଳᔿၭౢࠔޑҞޑࢂ፟ϒၭౢࠔᓯᙒ܄ᆶၮଌ܄Ǵ፟ϒၭౢࠔᙁߡ
21 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
ǶξၰၡதᎁၶࢫНǵξԶύᘐǴԶᏤठค܄Ǵബཥ१ࠔᆶуॶ܄ ሽե܈ԏǴջ٬ཟঅӣൺǴၭౢࠔӢᜬᛜԶ྄ཞଯǶӧཥᗲၭౢࠔคݤѦଌ ပਔǴуπᆶଳᔿၭౢࠔ፟ϒၭౢࠔཥޑБӛǴҭԖࡑၭࣴǵၭൂՏуமჹচ ཥౢޑচ҇ၭၗǴวԾЬܭࡹ۬ჹڗǴ٠ݾزݙࣴೌמೕჄᆶޑໂၭ БӛǶ
9.ғᄊϷΓЎਓၯ วБଞࣁаวૉኺځҬ೯ᢀӀֽӧ 2002 ԃȬғᄊਓၯқҜਜȭࡰр ޑ܄ࣁЬືǴ่ӝচՐ҇ပᆶЎϯǴᔈࢂ୯ሞભЎϯᆶғᄊӭኬسғᄊޑξે ӝǴബӦՐ҇൩ᐒǴ่ޣۚ҇ǵ҇எޗғᄊਓၯၗྍǶғᄊਓၯᆶ ගଯౢߕуሽॶǶߦӦБۚ҇ჹӧӦЎϯᆶғࢲᕉნߞЈᆶᆢៈཀǴԖշ ࠔ፦ᆶᔮǶѳӦচՐޑӧӦۚ҇ჹӦБวϐୖᆶǴԶගϲӦғࢲᕉნܭ ҇ޑӦୱՅΨёᆶᢀӀౢว่ӝวǶ
շڐೌמΒ)ౢ) ᆶНᆅೌמၭ݅НβߥݤೕϷ.1 מНβߥݤೕϷޑౢၰၡޗӦǴӧၭ݅ౢϷڵܭচ҇ߥ੮ӦӭኧՏ НྍܭॐϪሡाᆶᒥவǴᗉխݤǴΨωૈ҉ុᔼໂβǶচ҇ߥ੮ӦՏޕೌ ѦජշǴڗНᔼᆅᏢΨሡाуமǴଛӝᆅൂՏݾܭǴჹ ୷ҁࡌೕჄϷԾฅၗྍ୷ҁፓΨѸᑈޑচ҇ӦܭᚈБ֡ᕇճǶࡹ۬ჹ ᓬӃׇՉǶޑՏǴՠᔈ٩ᡏೕჄډՉǴ୷ᘵࡌᗨคݤཱུ
2.ၭ҇Ꮲଣឦፐำޑష݅ၭǵጫǵচໂբނǵ݀ᐋǵыǵૡਭᆅ(଼ ૽ግೌמ(நᅿभԿԏᛘࡕೀ ӢࣁচໂޑᕉნਸǴӧၭ҇ᏢଣሡाԖឦޑፐำǴനӳࢂӧՉӦβ ӦճҔᡏೕჄࡕϐӚᎃ߈ပύՉፐǴଞჹӦᕉნၗྍᆶӦՅᆶ ǴՉፐᆶჴಞǶޕޑೌמਭނբ
ᙯ౽Ǵှ،ԏᛘයอǴձࢂԮแуπೌמၭౢࠔуπ.3 Ҭ೯όߡቹៜϷԏᛘයอǵғౢय़ᑈεϐғᗲၭౢࠔሽပቹڙচໂத ǴബуॶೌמޑշӚࡌҥᙁܰၭౢࠔ൩Ӧуπڐᔈᑈཱུࣴวᆶ܌ៜǴׯؼ ၭౢࠔሽॶǴаᛙՐౢӦሽǶ
4.চໂᔈᑈཱུࡌҥၭౢࠔౢᎍಔᙃǴᇶᏤၭສීᔈҔǴගϲၭᔼਏ ᆶගۺኞǴхࡴǺၭౢϩǵѱၗૻᆅϷᢀޑۺၭᔼ ΚωૈวғᅎᅓਏᔈǶڐၮբǴၲঁձၭ҇ǴӕЈޑϲౢॶǴၸၭ҇ಔᙃ
ѤǵࣴวೕჄ
ဂϩණӧѠӚӦǴ٠ԖελόϐပኧঁচՐ҇ဂӅԖ 16 ঁǴ ࡋԶڋӦБǴԾฅᕉნৡ౦ࣗεǶаၭહޑၨࣁୃᇻ܈ଯξܭໆǴεӭኧပՏ
22 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ǴԖ٤ပ߾ϝ௦ҔೌמǴԖ٤ဂӢၭહᐕўၨΦǴςᏤΕၨࣁӃϐၭહق ၨࣁಉܫޑၭહБԄǴၭЎϯৡ౦ཱུεǶ
ዴܴ׳ۓပǴᔕޑଛӝཀᜫଯۓᗄǴᒧޑѤԃයीฝаӚၭׯؼ ىख़ᗺပǴ٠ӢᔈϺฅၭਭచҹǴଛӝᕉნғᄊǴӃᅈۓҞǴϩԃޑ ӚပΓޑ୷ҁғࢲྗᆶᙂ१Ӽӄ(хࡴӞளႫǵӞளᔼᎦ)ǴԶ่ӝᢀ Ӏǵуπ࣬ᜢౢǶ
ǵѠܿ܌٩ᏵচՐ҇ပᕉნᗺՉβӦճҔೕჄǴӚୖᆶׯؼၭ၂ ǵጪǵૡׯǵਲ༜ǵѠύǵଯǵѠࠄೕჄ 1 ԃᇶᏤ 1-2 ঁচ βӦճҔࠠхࡴǺλԯǵᛯǵޑࡌҥ 10-20 চໂၭ܌Ր҇ပǶӚׯؼ Ƕނբلଢ଼ǵݨૡǵᗒڜЕ㔬ηǵξǵᘜǵϏ⭂ǵૡǵ
βӦճҔೕჄᙔҁࣁ٩ᏵǴวӚޑीฝҞаǺ(1)চໂၭᕉნՅ (ǴׯচՐ҇ၭᔮԏΕǶ(2ೌמғౢኳԄᆶਭނᔮਏচՐ҇բڀပ βӦճҔࠠǴวචচໂၭᕉნᓬەࡌҥ 8 ᅿচໂပӝೌמၸᗄၭׯ ၭޑԖӦБՅڀǴวೌמਭނ༈Ǵׯ๓চໂပၭғౢӍ༈ᆶගܹբ ǴಔᙃচՐ҇܄ᔼಔᙃ่ӝӦЎϯޗ܈ǹ(3)ᇶᏤပౢᎍسғౢᡏ ၭౢࠔғౢϷՉᎍѳѠǴமϯҶ໕ਓၯ୍ܺϡનϐࡌǴх֖೯ၡՉᎍϷӦౢӦ ᆅᆶೌמၭٮౣኳԄǴගϲচໂပౢሽॶǶճҔၗૻᆛ๎ᕉნǴග ᔼၗૻǴࡌҥᎍ୧ᆛ๎ࡌᄬচໂၭౢࠔౢሽॶǶ
่ᇟ
όӕပၭวచҹӚ౦Ǵ܌य़ᖏޑୢᚒҭό࣬ӕǴচໂӦၭวी ೌמၭહಞᄍϷЎϯǹࡹ۬ᔈᑈཱུଞჹғౢೕჄᆶౢځᔈەฝᔈख़ཥቩࡘǴ ᏹբኳޑࢬՉޗΕၗྍǴӧᔈӦᕉნᆶᔮၗྍచҹǴߚࢁཚၮЬࢬ ǵᕉნ҉ុǵྣ៝܍ЎϯܭǴӵԜωԖёૈࡌҥԖೌמԄǴ٠่ӝжၭ চໂՅၭǶޑەԶӢӦ܄Ьᡏڀ১༈Ъวр
ୖԵЎ
Չࡹଣ 2016 ύ҇୯ 105 ԃࡋύѧࡹ۬ᕴႣᆉਢǶ ԾǺڗ 2013 102 ԃ 7 ДচՐ҇ΓαኧीၗہՉࡹଣচՐ҇ http://www.apc.gov.tw/portal/docDetail.htmlǶ ݩፓȩՉࡹଣচՐ҇ރ 2016 Ȩ104 ԃᆵচՐ҇ᔮہՉࡹଣচՐ҇ ૼӄ୯ཀӛ៝ୢިҽԖज़Ϧљፓൔ ᆵч p.120Ƕہہ ጰॕ 2007 চՐ҇ߥ੮Ӧᚒ tourism.pu.edu.tw/abo/abo96/96ppt/চՐ҇ߥ੮ Ӧൔ.pptǶ 2002 ғᄊਓၯқҜਜ Ҭ೯ᢀӀֽ ᆵڐიݤΓύ҇୯҉ុғᄊਓၯޗ
23 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
ч p.75Ƕ тಃ 42܌ፓൔ Ѡ࣪ၭ၂ᡍᗶျ 1993 ѠӦၭҖӦΚቚ߃ ဦ Ѡ࣪ၭ၂ᡍ܌ p.99Ƕ ԾǺڗ ᡯϟಏ ကεᏢचӼቼ 2010 ཥࡌྕ࠻໒༜բ http://www.ncyu.edu.tw/files/site_content/agrext/2.pdfǶ Lundgren, B.O. 1982 Introduction. Agroforestry systems 2;3-6Ƕ
24 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
Planning of sustainable agriculture research and development management in the tribes!
Horng-Yuh Guo, Cin-Sian Tang Yang, Wan-Ping Ku
Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
Abstract The development of indigenous rural agricultural strategy in terms of from the views of the natural resources utilization sustainability and socio-economic and cultural conditions are discussed in this paper. It is suggested that we should seek to combine with local cultural characteristics, market-demanding, diversification of agricultural production models and develop high-value, low man-power input, farmer capital accumulation farming systems for breaking through the limiting of the less amount of acreages of farmland in indigenous reservation area and it’s far away from the market. Strategies of activation farmer organizations initiated by individual farmer who is in the development of successful agricultural model and allows community members to emulate, to construct the original development of the existing-share-resources virtues, and gradually developed into alliance cohesion automatically. The government should give advices for tribes agricultural production developing plans, give agricultural loans and assistive technologies, improve valuing- production and expanding-employment opportunities to retain young people living in the indigenous tribes.
Keywords: indigenous agriculture, sustainable agriculture, land evaluation and land use planning
25 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
26 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
زࡌᄬܿӦচՐ҇Յၭౢሽॶϐࣴ
ࢀ 2ǵ 1ەੀՙ 1ǵယػণ 1ǵഋࡘӼ 2ǵ݅
ጪၭׯؼہՉࡹଣၭ 1 ၗྍၮᝢᆅᏢמѠၭࣽ 2
ᄔा
ပЎϯޑഢϺฅᕉნǵֹڀচՐ҇ӦǴޑើϷጪӦࣁѠख़ाە аϷߥ੮ᙦޑচՐ҇ՅբނǴฅԶᒿਔ໔ᙯᡂǴပᅇϯᆶߙԃΓαѦ౽ ൺહᆶࡌҥނВᝄख़ǴᏤठပՅၭౢᅌ႟ǶࣁࡠൺচໂՅբ ၭౢǴጪၭׯؼаပԖচ҇ၭЎϯࣁрวᗺǴ่ӝҁਡЈሽ ើচໂၭᇶᏤӈࣁ२ەॶˇԖᐒࢲǵ଼நӼӄϷচ҇ౢࣁҞǴஒጪϷ ӦەБԄǴᇶᏤޑाҺ୍Ǵ٠ᑈཱུዬᗺᗄϣወΚပǴаᗺԿጕԿय़ ᅿᜪᙦǴЪπ໒วำނӦပՅբەܭচՐ҇ပၭౢวǶҗ ࡋၨեǴࡐӝԖᐒၭวǴӢԜጪᑈཱུᇶᏤচՐ҇ၭ϶ൺહ٠ᙯࠠԖᐒ х֖ԖᐒНዿǵՅഁǵξǵξधҐǵလᢠߎǵύᛰϷ݀ᐋځਭǴ ၭݤǶԜѦǴӧуπᆶޑวᆢៈပԾฅᕉნᆶғᄊೌמҞǴ٠ӧԖᐒਭ хးՉᎍલα߾җၭᔼᆅ៝ୢৎԿပՉບᘐᇶᏤǴ٠ଞჹচՐ҇ၭ ԾฅғᄊᆶԖᐒၭޑǴᒤ௲ػ૽ግፐำǴ٠ᇶᏤচՐ่҇ӝပౢวሡ ჹزӦচՐ҇ပࣁࣴەပϤભϯҶ໕ౢǶҁЎஒаޑǴวᐱ ຝǴ२ӃዬᗺပၭౢวݩϷวወΚǴ٠аҁԋҥϐਢǵीฝϷࣴ ೖፋᆶတΚᐟᕏӅБԄǴӵՖׯ๓܄ǴၮҔৎ፦ٯ࠻ԋ݀ࣁز фૈ୍ܺޑ࠻زݩǴ٠ࣚҥጪচ҇ࣴރচໂၭౢલαǴаϷගϲౢว ՏǴԜԋ݀යૈբࣁ҂ٰӚ၂ᡍൂՏᇶᏤচໂပၭౢϐୖԵǶۓᆶ
ᜢᗖӷǺচໂပǵϤભϯౢǵഁǵԖᐒਭǵЎϯǵғᄊ
27 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
قǵ
ҔӦεӭށၭޑ୷ᘵǴΨࢂख़ाᔮٰྍǴচՐ҇ߥ੮Ӧޑၭࢂပว ౢໆեǵࠔ፦ৡǶӢԜӵՖวචচໂၭᕉნᓬܭаठೌמǴӢલЮਭܫ௦ಉ շচໂၭวᐒǴԋࣁڐၗྍǴаמ༈ǴլܺӍ༈Ǵуமჹচໂၭݙࣽ ፐᚒǶ߈ԃٰচՐ҇ໂᙼӢമޑҞၭӚ၂ᡍׯؼගϲচՐ҇ၭౢख़ा ΓαѦࢬᝄख़Ǵவ٣ၭғౢΓΚԴϯǴཱུሡЇᏤߙԃӣࢬǴΕԃᇸΓΚǴԶ Ǵோ࣬ᜢࠔᅿǵғౢǵᓯၮǵуނวወΚϐՅբڀচՐ҇ပӦߥӸӭ ሽॶǶԜѦচՐځౢሽॶ٠คִࡌᄬᆶՍௗǴӢԜคݤวචೌמπߥӸ ଯǴԖၴҞࢲϯҶહӦࡹǴཱུࡑࢲϯճҔǶٯ҇ໂᙼӢၭΓαԴϯҶહӦК
շচໂပၭౢᙯࠠլܺڐᆕӝॊᓍǴ߈ԃٰጪၭׯؼᑈཱུ ԃଆচՐ 103 ܭǴόڋБӛϐᐒزࣴמᆶࣽڋΑᇶᏤᐒۓᜤᆶલαǴᔕ֚ ࠻ǴΕزԃ 8 Д҅ԄԋҥচՐ҇ၭࣴ 104 ܭ׳ࣴวਢǴמ҇ၭᇶᏤϷࣽ ՉߥᅿᆶࣴวǴаߦচໂၭЎϯނΓΚǴஒଞჹচໂՅբزࣴޑߐ ՅวǶ
চໂပᇶᏤࢬำǴҗပۓጪၭׯؼዬᗺပၭౢၗྍǴᔕ ᇶᏤიޑืαࡌҥଆუՔᜢ߯ǴଞჹόӕပᎁၶӚᅿ֚ᜤǴᝢಔӭय़ӛൂ ౢǴ٬চໂပޑǵЎϯᆶғᄊᕉნวόӕࠠᄊ܄໗Ǵ่ӝӧӦၭહբಞ շচໂߥӸڐᇶᏤၗྍǶ߈ԃٰጪၭׯؼᑈཱུޑӕኬ٦Ԗջਔଯࠔ፦ շᅿচߥӸڐշᇆচໂഁᅿচࡕǴᆶٖၭӝբਭڐӵٯਭᅿচǴ ϷᓉပᡨޗપϯǴϷܿੇ۞ཥޑշϼЃⓚပआᝥԯڐϷᘉεǴΨ ଚԯޑ੮ᅿϷᕷǶ
ՅၭౢวወΚڀҁ߈ΟԃଛӝࡹᑈཱུᇶᏤᗄচໂပǴዬᗺ ᇶᏤБԄǴ٬চໂޑՏډೲזख़ᗺᇶᏤပǴаȨပืαȩϐۓပǴ٠ᒧ চՐ҇ᇶᏤک࠻ԋҥǴزပӕኬ٦Ԗଯࠔ፦ᇶᏤၗྍǶ࣬ߞҗচՐ҇ၭࣴ ૈ׳ࣴวᆶਢၭౢቶᇶᏤஒೌמਭނਢ࣬ᇶ࣬ԋΠǴচໂՅբ ᝡݾΚǶӧጪၭׯؼӭԃӧচໂڀ׳คᕳௗॉǴᡣচໂՅၭౢว ࢲΚౢǶޑၭวςᅌԋߝᗺǴԋࣁӦБޑӦոΚϐΠǴᗄϣပ
җܭচՐ҇ၭౢࠔ೯ၡၨ႕Ǵၸύ໔ೡ୧Ǵၸቫቫᙯ୧Ǵၭ҇ᕇள ௗᎍ୧ϒޔၭౢࠔٮӧӦኳԄǴගޑճዎԖज़ǴऩૈၸВᅌ॥Չޑӝ ޣǴ෧Ͽύ໔ሽৡޑཞѨǴԖշܭၭ҇ᕇளၨӝޑԏǶӢԜҁЎஒҗ ጪၭׯؼᇶᏤচໂပၭౢวำǴচໂပၭౢന٫ᇶᏤኳ ԄǴ׆ఈࡌҥᇶᏤനϯ SOP(ྗբำׇ)ǴаભǵΒભԿΟભӄБՏय़ӛǴ ࡌҥϤભϯၭౢᔼբࣁᇶᏤҞǴаှ،চՐ҇ӧғౢǵуπǵᎍ୧ᆶࠔจ ޑલαǴᡣനӳޑճዎӣᘜғౢޣǴቚғౢޣၭ܌ளǴԖշܭ֎ЇԃᇸΓ ൩ᐒٰࢲ๎ပၭౢวǶٮவ٣ӧӦၭғౢǴග
28 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
زΒǵΓࣴ
ҞচՐ҇ပޑᆢᆶғӸǴЬाаၭғౢࣁЬǴฅԶӚပय़ᖏӭ ӵচՐ҇ၭΓαԴϯǵԃᇸΓѦ౽ѱٯୢᚒǴ٬ၭวᅌԄ༾Ǵ܄Ӆ೯ ᜤᆶ೦֚ޑǵပၭౢࠔᎍ୧೯ၡሡޑѱډπբǵၭғౢኳԄคݤၲ όዕୢᚒ(ᛥޑԖᐒᡍࢬำܭЮǵൺહϷԖᐒᙯࠠሡΕεໆԋҁǴаϷჹ Ϸ෯ླྀكৱуǴ2008ǵ2010ǹᚑངᓉǵᛥৱуǵഋञӼǴ2009)Ƕᗶျǵ ԖڀნǴදၹ֚ޑύࡰрǴՉচໂပၭౢวزࣴޑᏦΓӧ 2013 ԃ ௗပჴচໂঁձၭҖၭЊǵԖહӦύޔၭЊᏱԖၭӦय़ᑈၨեǵϦӅၗᜤа ڙǵၭғᄊᕉნૄ১ǴаϷىᆢӃϺόೌמၨଯǵહբٯեౢҖय़ᑈК ज़ΓΚᆶѱޗӢનǶ
চՐ҇ပӭՏܭၨ࠾ഈޑుξᕉნǴҬ೯ၮଌᆶѦࣚᖄᛠόܰǴၭၗྍ БӛǴ٠ࡌޑշᇶᏤচໂပၭวڐளǴӢԜࡹ۬ሡԖѸाڗ࣬ჹΨၨόܰ ҥΟғ(ғౢǵғࢲǵғᄊ)ޑၭౢ҉ុᔼኳԄǴਔᏤΕံշၗྍϷᇶᏤπ ݅)ၭౢޑՅڀՅЎϯ୷ᘵǴวӭϡϯЪుޑǴ٬ပૈӧӚԾڀ ୯ቼǴ2005)ǶԜѦǴӧচໂပύԖᐒਭΨय़ᖏӭୢᚒǴӢȨԖᐒၭ ǴӢԜӧচໂပᙯբԖᐒਔǴပΓѸۺહբཷޑပཥЇܭȩឦ ᡍϐڀߐᘖၨଯǴऩคೌמǴӕਔԖᐒਭۺᆶཷೌמޑόᘐᏢಞཥा வഉՔǴ۳۳ᜤаុவ٣ԖᐒਭǴ܈ᓐޣပሦᏤޑۺڀు܈Γ ѱᆶ҉ុౢǴሡۓԋᛙךᆾ໘ࢤǴคݤԾ௴ܭԖᐒғౢۘೀޑϞচໂပ চՐ҇ୱࠠౢว(ቅӝᆶѱᎍ୧ᇶᏤǴωૈೌמޑा࣬ᜢ ᆢণǵഋۗ֡Ǵ2013)Ƕ
ዿǵؾᓐǵଯǵײၭౢࠔǴхࡴλԯǵआ㈻ǵޑՅڀচໂပύόЮ ጳǵଭǵڈǵᐋᖘǵلӦҐǵԯǵआᝥԯǵഁǵξǵҏԯǵᛯЈǵᐋ ᆶပ౼ሺЎϯ৲৲࣬ᜢǴނǴ೭٤ՅբނғǵଷለዀǵДਲՅբ ӢԜऩமϯচໂပЎϯᆶբނޑᜢᖄ܄Ǵջё፟ϒॊၭౢࠔཥᑉޑߕу ኳԄǴᙯᡂࣁബޑѯǴёаஒচҁൂપמғౢޑሽॶǴ٠ၸȨᇥࡺ٣ȩ ӵٯϐ໔ୖᆶԄᡏᡍኳԄǴஒёӚᅿߕуࠠౢǴޣکޣғౢ १ࠔǵԖᐒ଼நၭౢࠔǵЎϯՅՔЋᘶǵЎബࠔ܄ᓓǵᐒૈښပՅ॥ (ቅᆢণǵഋۗ֡Ǵ2013)Ƕ܄՜ۯ
ၸำύǴ۳۳٬ӭပΓᅌᅌӦӣޑচໂပᙯբԖᐒၭᆶԾฅၭ ӣΑပЎϯύࣔΓӦӅӸӅפ׳ਭБݤǴޑᏫଆᅇΓٰહբኳԄ ՉϐচذԃӧཥԮᑜӾҡໂҏঢ়ǵ 2009 ܭᜢ߯ǶഋߜҲǵᚑངᓉޑᄪ ύࡰрǺȨပ Tayal Ӄ௲Ꮴࡕжाྣ៝ǵࣔெβӦǴزՐ҇ߥ੮Ӧၭวࣴ ޑӣൔǴᡣࡕжηૈ҉ុғࢲӧ೭༧βӦǴΓᆶβӦޑॺӕךβӦ๏ϒ Ǵ۶ԜӅғӅᄪǴԶԖᐒၭᆶԾฅၭࢂ಄ӝ Tayal ғޑᜢ߯ࢂ࣬ϕ٩Ӹ ӑচໂပਭኳԄύǴ׳ǶȩۺཷޑΨࢂ಄ӝ҉ុวޣǴԜΟޑᄊඵች
29 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
ǶচໂပӧપృਭᕉნᆶԖᐒౢޑࢂ࣬಄ۺԖᐒၭޑ፦ނᆶόࡼҔϯᏢ ќՅ—ғᄊᔼǴғᄊᔼЬाᙖҗပ္ޑᙯࠠወΚڀࠨᐒΠǴЇрޑ ಔԋǴ܌ȩ܄Ȩ൩ޑᢀӀၯ࠼ୖᆶ܈ပၯηٮȩᆶёග܄ȨሽॶޑՅЎϯ Զബပཥޑᕉნ(ֆऍᇮǴ2011)ǶၸၭౢࡌҥᆶวǴᡣပख़ཥࡌ ᎫޑԖԾЬᔼၮϐಔᙃǴ٠ӺΓΚᆶЎϯՅǴஒёԋࣁᚆණပڀᄬԋ ᅿη(ֆऍᇮǴ2011)ǶޑᗺǴࣗԿԋࣁᎃ߈চໂပౢى
চՐ҇ౢวЬाёරѤεᄬय़ՉೕჄᇶᏤǴϩձࣁวচՐ҇ၭ ՅၗྍϷচໂЎϯǵமϯচՐ҇ӦᢀӀਓၯၗྍǵೕჄচՐ҇Ӧғᄊਓ ಃޑၭғౢࣁЬܫၯՅǴаϷӝচՐ҇ၭౢဂᆫਏǴ٬চҁаಉ ભౢǴᙯࠠࣁচՐ҇ၭౢуπǵғࢲЎϯϷᢀӀਓၯғᄊޑϤભϯౢ(ቅ ǴΞёϩࣁӦౢӦࠠаϷѦ܄ᑫᄪǴ2011)Ƕပၭౢ٩ᏵՏаϷၗྍ ޑՅᆶၗྍวǴ֎ЇᢀӀ࠼ଶ੮ᆶيӝ٩ပҁޣӦ೯ၡ٩ᒘࠠǴ ىό܄ӢનӵǺᕉნ࠾ഈҬ೯όߡǵပი่ي߾ӢပҁޣౢᔼኳԄǴࡕ ܈હբཀᜫեǴғౢౢࠔ߾ሡၸ೯ၡᎍ୧ǴࣁȨрαᏤӛȩࠠޑပౢǴ วׇᆶۓ،ݩᆶၗྍዬᗺ่݀ǴރǴᔈਥᏵပౢۓڰՠౢวኳԄߚ ၗྍၮҔϐϩଛ(ቅᆢণǵഋۗ֡Ǵ2013)ǶӢԜǴচՐ҇ၭౢวǴନΑว ғౢచҹѦǴΨᔈ่ӝӚပӦЎϯՅᆶғᄊਓၯᢀӀၗྍǴωૈޑՅڀ ǶۺޑᆶӭϡϯǴပჴပၭౢғౢǵғࢲϷғᄊۓуᛙ׳
ΟǵጪၭׯܿচՐ҇ၭౢሽॶ ၭࣁЍኖচໂပᔮޑЬᡏౢǴฅԶပၭӧϞޗᆶѱ ଯډڙᆶᔮᓸΚቹៜѱሡڙচໂၭӢޑΠςคݤ҉ុၮբǴεϩڋᐒ ࠔނಞ߫ΨᅌԄ༾Ǵ٬ပਭբڂ౼ޑࡋᅇϯǴᆶပЎϯ৲৲࣬ᜢ ϷচғᅿᛆᖏѨᆶྐ๊ϐӒᐒǶࣁΑߥӸᆶൺᑫচໂՅЎϯǴጪၭׯᔕ շǶڐΠӈϖεౣǴଞჹᗄচՐ҇ՉӄБՏϐᇶᏤᆶु
࠻ز)ԋҥচՐ҇ၭࣴ) ՅᅿޑᇆϷߥӸচໂࣔޑֹ׳ǴࣁޑԋҥҞޑ࠻زচՐ҇ၭࣴ ᇶޑ๓ֹ׳চໂՅၭٮࡌҥǴගޑᆶၗޑচǴ٠ՉᅿচߥӸল ނ࠻ଞჹပԖբزᏤǶࣁวပՅၭౢගϲᝡݾΚǴচՐ҇ၭࣴ ഢڀӚပӦБᅿ۳۳ܭߥᅿཀကǴӧނՉߥᅿǵࠔᅿׯؼϷࣴวǴচ҇Յբ ᐒૈ܄ᆶऐᕉნნޑૈΚǴࣁϞংᡂᎂΠࣔޑᅿচǴՔᒿပΓΚ ނ࠻ӧߥ੮Յբز႟Ϸ१ಞᄍׯᡂǴՅᅿচᅌѨǴӢԜচՐ҇ၭࣴ ǶҞςᇆ܍ፓइᒵပ٬ҔಞᄍᆶЎϯǴ٬ࣔၗౢளаٳᅿচਔǴ ᚇᙂǵഁຬၸ 50 ᅿᅿচǴϩձᅿܭҖ໔ǵ܈ޣஒᅿচᓯӸܭեྕᅿη ύՉύයߥӸǶ շԖཀᜫख़ཥਭচໂՅբڐҁନΑӧϣՉᅿচߥӸѦ(კ)Ǵҭ ጪǵᅦѲໜၭࡾذϐচՐ҇ၭ϶ߥᅿলǴхࡴӀൺໂٖԖᐒၭނ
30 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ނഁၲΓǴϞҭᑈཱུΕচ҇ޑӜޕᣭၭ϶ǶќՏֆഓДζγၸѐࢂ ᅿচԏϷߥӸǴӴܭӓӼໂѠ໒ЈၭࡌҥΑ 4 ϦഘޑߥᅿলǴᅿхࡴआ Ƕٮග܌ύԖъаϐᅿচࣁҁځǴނ 42 ᅿচ҇ل㈻ǵλԯǵΖД ӵഁٯᆶᓬؼࠔᅿǴೌמԖᐒਭނ࠻ӕਔࣴวচໂՅբزচՐ҇ၭࣴ ပભౢวǴ٠ଞჹচۓǴᏵаᛙނᜪϷ३Յբلǵᚇᙂǵচ҇ Ǵ٠ΕӦҶೌמ१ࠔуπ܄уॶճҔǴၠፐ࠻ӝբ໒วཥᑉޑނՐ҇Յբ ǴࡌᄬϷՍೱပϤભϯౢวǴаࢲزࣽᏢࣴޗ໕ਓၯΒǵΟભౢϐ ๎চՐ҇ပᔮǴගଯচՐ҇ϐԏΕǶ
ߥᅿলނკǵጪၭׯচՐ҇Յբ Fig. 1. Conservation nursery of indigenous crop in HDARES.
(Β)চՐ҇ၭౢᇶᏤਢ ΑᇶᏤࢬำᆶπۓᜤᆶલαǴᔕ֚ޑጪၭׯؼଞჹচໂၭౢᙯࠠ ᡯࣁচໂᇶᏤಃۓᗄပᇶᏤǶҁᔕܭკΒ)Ǵ٠ჴሞᔈҔ)ڀ ൂืαǴ௦ЬрᔐБԄǴЬࡰࢴҁॄೢ၀ပၭౢЬाբނࠔϐӕ วޗޑۺԖڀ܈ပЬाவ٣ၭբϐၭ҇ۓϘᏼҺပᖄᛠืαǴӕਔᒧ ᡯࣁပၭౢཷݩዬᗺǴҗ၀ပืαॄೢΓ༸բࣁᖄᛠҞǶಃΒڐ ݩǵહբΓαǵᕉნރೖပϣၭ٣ΓΚᆶၭၗྍǴՉပહӦय़ᑈᆶ ഢॊ୷ҁၗڀၗྍǵਭࠔǵᎍ୧೯ၡϷပၭբਭၗుࡋೖǶ ΓǴଞჹزݩǴєόӕሦୱࣴރࡕҗҁᝢಔᇶᏤი໗ǴаӚပϐౢ ࠼ᇙϯ୍ܺǶӕਔǴҗᇶᏤი໗൩ပՅǵٮόӕय़ӛલαՉፕаග ਭࠔǵуπϷ೯ၡय़ӛӅӕፕǴΨࣁပೕჄၭౢҞǶനࡕа҉ុ ғౢەచҹǴᙚ܄ᆶ႖ၭౢᔼբࣁҞǴԵໆਭᕉნǵѱሡ ወΚϐΒǵΟڀ෧ϿғౢਔሡΕϐԋҁǴӕਔЇΕೌמٮᅿᜪǴ٠ගނၭբޑ ޑԿΒԛڬભౢᆶပՅ่ӝǶѿᇶᏤҞೕჄֹԋࡕǴҗᇶᏤი໗ ޑଯஏࡋჴӦೖǶӕਔଞჹပલαᐉӛᖄᛠၠୱӝբǴၸࡹ۬ᐒᜢၠ ᇶշǵၭࡹൂޑၗྍԖਏၮҔǴၸύѧࡹ۬ᐒᜢޑӝբᆶᇶᏤёаஒόӕय़ӛ ёคᕳௗॉஒၗྍΕပ(კ׳ၗྍૻ৲ǵӦБࡹ۬ᆶӦБၭӅӕӝբǴޑՏ
31 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Ο)Ƕ
(চໂပᇶᏤࢬำҢཀკ(݅Ǵ2014ۓკΒǵጪၭׯؼᔕ Fig. 2. Formulate tribal counseling schematic flow diagram of HDARES.
ӦߝᗺပՏҢཀკەკΟǵጪၭׯख़ᗺᇶᏤ Fig. 3. Highlights tribes in Ilan and Hualien County.
(Ο)ബࡌပՉ௲࠻ Չ௲࠻Ǵࢂҗޑၭ҇ᏢଣፐำаѦǴҁೕჄᒤޑϣᒤܭԃନΑ ၭౢᇶᏤਢޑပืαǴଞჹပϣวલαᙚ໒ፐձǴϣፕ Ϸว໘ࢤೕჄပၭ૽ግፐำǴа҅ϸࢀΓ܄ၭౢޑࡕ٩ပ ୢᚒǶጪၭׯՉޑǴനಖҞࣁှ،Γӧၭᎁၶሡޑჹ૽ግፐำ
32 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ԃᒤϐԛϷΓኧԃቚуǴّ 103 ԃςᒤᖱಞவ 101 ԃଆೌמ௲࠻Ϸ 38 ԛǴӅԖ 1,589 ΓԛୖуǴӧ 104 ԃࡋӅᒤ 8 ԛӅԖ 296 ΓԛୖуǴԶ ើচໂ 9 ঁပǴᒤ 14 ԛՉ௲࠻Ǵԋ݀තฅǶەӧጪǵۓҁԃࡋΨ௨ ပচՐ҇ӳຑǶڙǴՉ௲࠻ҭሥॐϪሡޕပၭ϶ჹၭـҗԜё ҞՉ௲࠻ፐำ௲х֖Нዿǵጫǵᚇᙂǵݨૡǵ݀ᐋǵߎଞౢǴ ϷࠔจՉᎍǶၸՉ௲࠻ుΕပᇶᏤǴၲԋೌמϣ߾х֖ਭᆅǵуπ ೱ่Ǵරӛ϶๓ᕉნહբኳԄޑӣჹβӦᆶЎϯפ௲ػ૽ግҞǴ٠ᡣပख़ཥ ǴයࣰပӢၭౢൺᑫԶ܄Ϸ໒วӼӄၭౢࠔǴаமϯౢࠔᝡݾΚϷѱ႖ ࢲΚ(კѤ)ǶޑݙΕཥ
კѤǵጪၭׯᒃԿပᖐᒤပՉ௲࠻ Fig. 4. Directly to the tribes conducted the tribal classroom.
(Ѥ)ೕჄပၭਓၯးՉำ ݊ܭǴҁᒤပၭၯᇶᏤπբǴচՐ҇ၭ໒วҶ໕ౢϐሡܭԖ᠘ ऍǵࠄӼǵϼЃⓚǵӓԯжǵᙃᛥပϷᑫၭǴՉബཀڻᛥǵНǵ ပਓၯೕჄᆶीǴаϷਓၯՉำՉᎍፐำᇶᏤǴّϞςी 40 ԛǴӅ 286 යᆶပԋӅӕᏉᆫബཀǴೕჄՅၭۓࡋǴڋΓԛୖуǴၸഉՔᇶᏤৣ ӵΠᇥٯပҶ໕ౢǶҞԋфਢޑձပՅঁڀਓၯးՉำǴаයว ܴǺ 1. ݊ᛥပǵࠄӼပԖᙦޑӧӦԾฅǵЎϯϷၭၗྍǴՠӧΓΚಔ ीးՉำǴޣ໔ǴӢԜᇶᏤပҶ໕ޜᙃᆶၯำೕჄीԖׯ๓ ᎁਓၯၗྍՉ౦่ӝǴಔᙃӧӦวಔᙃǴೕჄပЎڬଞჹပ ϯᡏᡍǶ ԖҶ໕ౢೕჄϐಔڀᙃᛥပǵϼЃⓚပϷᑫ Lipahak ғᄊၭᗨ .2 ޜԖׯ๓܄Տǵၯำϐᖄ่ۓሽౣǵѱۓᙃᆶ࣬ᜢးՉำǴՠӧ ӈးਓၯՉำǴаပЎϯᡏᡍࣁೕჄЬືǴ໒سշೕჄڐ໔ǴӢԜ ౢࠔሽǴᙖаගϲޑ಄ӝѱुڋᄊࡋϷ୍ܺځวՅуπࠔǴׯ๓ ၯ࠼ᅈཀࡋᆶख़ၯཀᜫ(კϖ)Ƕ
33 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
ѱ֎ЇΚڀऍပϷӓԯжပԖֹϐΓΚಔᙃᆶڻНပǵ .3 ϐၯำǴՠӧပϐౢᖄ่܄ၨեǴӢԜᇶᏤՍᖄပғᄊǵЎϯᆶ ѯǴගϲόӕᡏᡍ໔מ໔ǵᓓ୍ܺǵᏤំ୍ܺޜౢǴ٠ׯ๓Ҕᓓ ၯ࠼ୖᆶགǴቚуၯ࠼ӆೖཀᜫǶ
လᢠߎуπނკϖǵጪၭׯᇶᏤᙃᛥပՅբ Fig. 5. HDARES counseling processing technique of specialty crop (Maranta arundinaceae) at Ceroh Tribe.
(ϖ)ӄБՏচՐ҇ၭౢၗྍዬᗺϷౣೕჄ ǴаϷၭౢวલαᆶૈໆǴጪނԖਏϩᗄϣচՐ҇Յբ׳ࣁΑ շዬᗺѠচՐ҇ၭڐၗྍၮᝢᆅᏢמૼѠၭࣽہၭׯ 104 ԃࡋ ᆶᘳࡘᆢǴ٠ᡣճ্ᜢ߯ΓӅӕୖᆶǴڀπೌמޑسౢวၗྍǴၸԖ ҂ٰᜫඳҞᆶอύߏำวౣǴаೕჄр಄ӝޑշϭୌҁӧচՐ҇ౢڐ ើӦԋࣁȬаՅౢวඦচՐەख़ᗺ୍БӛǴЇሦጪǵޑᏤӛౢሡ ԖᜢӚࣽࣴၗྍǴ่݀วسၗૻزύዬᗺࡹ۬ࣴز҇ЎϯȭϐᜫඳǶࣴ ǴচՐ҇ہՉࡹଣၭکמᐒᜢЬाࣁǴࣽزፐᚒЬाࣴزচՐ҇ࣴܭ୯ϣჹ ጄᛑӅԖ 124 ጇزीฝǴӧၭሦୱࣴزሦୱǴӅԖ 274 ጇࣴמፐᚒᐉၠϤεࣽ ЬᚒࢂᆶচՐ҇ӅӕӝբǴ׆ᏇૈᙖҗزύӭࣴځޕϩளीฝǶزࣴ ൺᑫᆶวǴૈ٬চՐ҇ಥᚆޑǴၸၭౢ܄ٰߥғᄊǵၭӭኬޕ ҞᆶጪၭׯޑൻᕉᔮᡏǴ೭ኬޑշΠǴԾЬғࢲബԾρံޑ٩ᒘࡹ۬ วပϤભϯౢࡘᆢόᒉԶӝǶ يమཱԾ׳ҁܭࣴวૈໆຑКǴԖշނΨჹጪၭׯՉচ҇բزҁࣴ ࠔ(߄ނวወΚϐচՐ҇ՅբڀЪزࣴ܄ඓඝςԖᐒૈૈ׳ࣽࣴᓬ༈Ǵ ೖፋБԄǴᗎхࡴՉࡹଣܿ܄ৎ፦ک)ǶӕਔΨᙖတΚᐟᕏӅ ဠඳғ܌ᖄӝ୍ܺύЈԓჱୋՉߏǵНߥֽጪϩֽ؇ᖃܴୋϩֽߏǵ݅၂ ǵѠচՐ҇ᏢଣߦزಔߏǵύᑫεᏢЦϲ௲ǵᆵܿၭׯഋਁကୋࣴ ᐪ௲ǵጪЎϯذഋᓉীǵܿεᏢယޗߎඁઝਜߏǵᓪስҘӝբ ǵزวύЈዐЎࣴزബཀౢ༜ഡ╈ୋᕴǵҡᄤၗྍౢࣴ
34 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ჴزୋࣴکߏϷҁӄύޗྷ௴໒ЈၭֆഓДՉߏǵO’rip ғࢲਓΓ ՏǴ๏ϒཀۓ࠻ϐวزৎǴ൩ׯচՐ҇ၭࣴޑሞவ٣চՐ҇ቶπբ চՐ҇ࣴޑᏢࣴৎϐᜫඳගΠǴጪׯؼಕᑈӭԃ۔ӣ㎸(߄Β)Ƕӧౢـ ࠻ࡕǴૈԖਏวචӧচՐ҇ౢϤભϯ(ғౢǵز୷ᘵૈໆǴஒӧԋҥচՐ҇ࣴز ᇶᏤϐଅǶೌמᆶ୍ܺޑ(уπᆶՉᎍ
ϐ࣬ᜢЎزࣴނ߄ǵচՐ҇Յբ Table 1. Literature review of GRB in the research of indigenous crops. ਸфਏբނ ਸфਏբނϐфਏ ࣴᇙޑϯᆶࢲϯѮᏘಒझ)ᆶᅿર਼ל)Ն ύᛰ ނߥៈਏ݀ϐϺฅϯӝڀѦጕЇวϐҜጥ্๋ڀ(ϯ਼ל) کࡿ ഞ ᕉߥࠠЕ໒วǵ֎ߕ٬Ҕ زฯϯϐߥ଼१ࠔϐࣴރેๆלᕎǵطל ᓪဗ زࣴ܄ࢥط ङ๋ วݹǵՈᆅԅǵऍқלՈλ݈Ꮙǵל ᄬᐋ ♬㍟ Isothiocyanate ़ғނᇨᏤΓᜪα๚ᕎಒझᚆᡏᆶࢲᡏჹಒझ ڋဍዦᙯ౽ᐒڋΫᆶ လᢠߎ ප೯ǵమޤ ፦ނ܄Ϋࢲלಿ ֖Ԗڈ ύӧೈ қ፦ǵિެǵचᡀጱનϷᆢғન Aǵځξ ᔼᎦԋҽᙦǴ ႇǵ໊ǵᗔǵ៓ǵ້ǵᕗǵᎋ֖ໆၨጫ ᡉၨӭ ࣴวނวݹᛰלՈλ݈ᏉϷל Оࣅ҆ ࣿဗ ࣿဗ݀ჴೈқ፦НှనᆶӭᗐᡏӧߥᎦࠔޑᔈҔ ၂ᡍ܄ᕎࢲלวݹᆶלޑၰឮ ߃ه زԋϩࣴ܄ᏉՈࢲלᕎࢲǵלϯϷ਼ל қስ
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߄ΒǵচՐ҇ౢբނวᘳౣೕჄೖፋࡌ Table 2. Prospect of strategic planning recommendations in Aboriginal industry development. ᓍۘԖব٤ǻޑচՐ҇Ҟӧၭౢ.1 a.ပΓΚӭӧ 60 ྃаǴሡࣴวλࠠᐒఓᆶ࣪πહբБԄǴલЮೕჄ܄Ꭶ ပߙၭǴচՐ҇ၭౢ܄ᆶၭΓω૽όӕǶ ගϲೌמЋሡਔ໔ǴߥӸޣ௦ԏԿނᆄၗૻόჹǴբٿሡٮb.ౢᎍ ωૈ෧ϿཞǶനࡕࢂࡌҥόӕౢࠔޑуπኬᄊǴаගϲբނሽॶǶ ԖНߥֽǵ୍ֽ݅ǵၭᙂϷہc.ࡹ۬ჹচՐ҇ၭౢΕନচ҇ѦǴၭ ׯؼǵӦБࡹ۬ǴၗྍϩණЪϩख़᠄Ƕ ᅿǶᆂီۈଢ଼ሽଯပ໒ڜႽࢂૡǵพनǵߙǴނ٩ᒘଯൂሽၭբ.d εໆᅿѨѐЎϯՅǴѱሽऩคݤᛙჹচՐ҇ԋ্Ƕ চՐ҇ౢϐલαޑׯёΕ.2 ǴаλԶऍϐኳԄவЎϯᢀᗺวౢǴނӦБՅՠόܰೕኳໆౢϐբڀ.a аӦౢӦ٠ၸ१ၭ௲ػϷё१ӦඳϐᏹբǶ շࡌҥပࠨբѳѠǶڐǴނբޑଯᜐՉᎍၗྍǴѱሡڬb.ࡌҥѳѠӝ ѳѠࢂҢ܈ࢂӚᅿਭඵችϷᅿচߥӸǶ ቶނՉᎍБԄளаٰගଯচՐ҇բޑࢂցᗋԖཥࠠނচՐ҇բ.3 ӵഁНሩǵऍԄФԺ(ጻФ)ᅇൕǴᡣ҇ٯӝ่ނᆶচՐ҇բނa.ၸᅇΓ१ ၸᡏᡍΑှচՐ҇ЎϯǶ ᒣᇡǵਭᆅނӧਔзբځ(PGS)ǴЀسӅߥޣb.ׯؼёୖᆶӅӕୖᆶ ߏǶೌמ c.ӧ E Шжޑᖿ༈ΠǴ่ӝႝη୍ޑᆛၡՉᎍБԄǹऩёЇޗҾ շҭࢂᒧБӛǶၸ௲ػᡣᏢਠΨࢂλࠠߥᅿൂՏǴӅӕቶচՐ҇ڐޑ ՅբނǶ ӵቺݓวΎଚࡺ٣ǴΨӧԯхးЎϯхးǴ٬ပٯЎϯ܄d.ਸ ӳǶӵуયયԖݨؽᅿӧዿԯλԯǴ೭ኬച׳ࡺໂЎϯวעౢғӅӕག ՋᡂԋЎϯхးǶܿޑӃӞݨؽ੮ΠዿԯǴ೭ᜪ e.ቶပၭਓՉуుচ҇ᡏᡍǴх֖ჹ१ǵ१ǵਓՉǵ१Ꮤǵউ ӵѲၭҏԯεᗙ)Ƕٯ)ϣ఼ ᖼວཀᜫǶЪѸӃΑޣǴωቚу܄αځαགሡቚуނf.চՐ҇բ १ނᔼᎦԋϩᆶਏૈǶࡌёЋՉӭኬϯচՐ҇բޑނᅿচՐ҇բှ ໒วǶ ӵྷᕞᗲѪѺៜӦӜဦǴԋӦᠸǴՠࢂԜኳԄٯg.௦ҔӦᠸǴ ᔮਏคݤჴ፦ӣ㎸ӦǶځࡌǴց߾ޑڋӣ㎸ᐒځाࡌᄬǴሡԵໆ
36 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
߄Β(ុ)ǵচՐ҇ౢբނวᘳౣೕჄೖፋࡌ Table 2(continue). Prospect of strategic planning recommendations in Aboriginal industry development. ՏۓጪׯؼΕচՐ҇ౢวϐ୍ܺфૈᆶ.4 ቫय़ǶೌמౢܭՉϩᗋࢂख़زa.ӧᜫඳᆶҞ໘ࢤЎϯࢂਡЈǴԶӧࣴ ϷၭৎǴӝബཥуॶೌמޑذᓬ༈ࢂᏱԖᓬޑb.ׯӧӚᇶᏤൂՏ ᆶϤભϯӝวޑᇶᏤᐒᜢǶ ϩᜪᏢᆶϯᏢǵނΓୖᆶ(ᔉޑc.ׯёࡌᄬঁი໗Ǵᗎፎόӕሦୱ ǵཁᔮεᏢύᛰ༜ǵܿ܌زΓୖᆶǴӵчᙴғᛰᏢࣴޑᏢނᛰҔ ᑔᒧрٰǶނբޑεᏢচՐ҇҇Ꮲଣ)ǴՠගѸஒటว Бӛނբޑጪׯؼ߈යॶளΕ.5 ࠔǶమܴǵНᆟǵੇဟǴޑزॶளӆࣴނᜪǵഁՅբلa.Ԗ३ᝥǵ ႯϯǶځஒزᙖҗࣴ b.Дਲӄਲ਼ёճҔǴЪቶᅿόҔઇᚯහ݅(ᅿܭᐋጬΠёӸࢲ)ǴДਲӧ ᜐౢࠔǶڬౚςԖϯ֩ࠔౢǴѠࢂДਲଆྍӦǴࠅࡐϿԖ ۑহۓᡂԋૈᛙނᚇᙂКၨܰǴёຑஒ௦ࠠഁբޑଯc.ᡏሡ ፓǶޑىໆό ӵճхٯჴёаౢғ़ғౢࠔ݀܈d.ੀ୯ຫࠄ୯ԖЕᠤηౢǴယТ ǴӢԜЕᠤηԖวޜ໔Ƕ аىǴ௦ό໔ǴଭӧচՐ҇ᓓԖሡޜe.ѠܿᓪౢໆӭԖౢ य़ᗋሡाँઇǶೌמᔈǴٮۓᛙ ࠻ϐวфૈزׯচՐ҇ࣴ.6 ബཥуॶǴஒচՐ҇ޑಖཱུҞࢂౢޑa.ׯԖᐒࢲϷ଼நӼӄᜫඳ ബཥуॶࣁҞǶޑচՐ҇ՅౢౢуΕҭᔈࢂଓ b.ӭԵቾЎϯቫय़ǴόࢂᚇᙂᜪࠠόाᡣပբނठϯǴᔈ၀ࢂጪ҂ БӛǶޑԋфёՉٰ ՏϩǵуπᔈҔуॶǴۓౢޑΚᆶᓬ༈ၨமǴӧᆄૈޑय़ೌמc.ׯӧ ΚǶ׳ӝวёޑаϷϤભϯ рёวೕኳᔮϐ൳פໆǴૈزϷࡽԖࣴނd.ׯёዬᗺᗄচՐ҇բ ਡЈբނǴೕჄරӛᎦғ܈ᔮໆౢϐၮҔǶ
ΕǴ܌ᚒޑচՐ҇ܭᏢࣚჹ۔ౢޑᆶϩ่݀ᡉҢǴѠزҁࣴ ǴวڀࣽᏢπޗࠔǶќၸዬᗺǵೖፋǵೕჄނՅբܭᔈᏀӧ ׳уॶᔈҔǴࢂޑނՅբܭǶჹ܄ॐϪޑᅿচǵЎϯࡑߥӸޑނচՐ҇Յբ زǶၸ୯ϣѦᏢೌࣴۺཷޑǵЎϯۑচғЎϯ٠рӦౢᎍǵӞځሡा ሽॶቶౢ܄ਸزǴයૈࣴނഢወΚϐচ҇ՅբڀӝᆶዬᗺǴᘜયрޑ ӣ㎸চՐ҇Ƕ
37 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Ѥǵ่ፕ
ǴނહբᕉნǴаϷပՅϐচғբޑԖપృᓬؼڀӦচໂပᗨە ᆶۺᔼڀǴЪόܫၨࣁಉೌמฅԶ೭٤ပՅၭӭவ٣߃ભౢǴғౢ Ǵՠಔᙃфૈۘό଼ӄǴ҂ૈჴ፦ڐวޗǶပϣᗨᝢಔೌמࠔ፦ᆅ วචౢᎍਏǴғౢޑၭౢࠔࠔϯำࡋҭόଯǴౢᎍ೯ၡઞǴၭౢࠔᜤаѺ ᝡݾǶࣁΑှ،চໂပၭౢว֚ნǴጪၭׯޑΕѱǴՉԖਏ চໂပᇶᏤࢬำᆶౢᇶᏤҞǴයૈբࣁচໂပၭౢᇶᏤϐୖۓؼᔕ ԵǶ
চՐ҇ၭวϐڗጪၭׯؼԋҥচՐ҇ၭౢᇶᏤਢǵᑈཱུݾ ीฝǴӕਔଞჹပౢวલαೕჄပՉ௲࠻ϷਓၯးՉำǴ٠ԋמࣽ ࣴวࣣёᡉҢҁӧࡌҥচמՉࣽނ࠻ଞჹচՐ҇ՅբزҥচՐ҇ၭࣴ ҇ౢޑҾკЈǶ
Ϥભౢޑ҂ٰပᇶᏤҞ߾ஒаࡌҥғౢǵуπǵхးՉᎍΏԿᢀӀҶ໕ ပϣᒤ၂ᡍҢጄᢀܭǵჴሞೌמਭނပՅբزวࣁЬǴаࣴ уނǴගϲচໂပၭౢғౢࠔ፦ǹ٠ଞჹՅբۺነǴаϷЇࠔ፦ᆅཷ ϐΒભౢೌמӭуπࠔϐ໒วǴமϯပՅၭౢࠔуπ׳πኳԄՉׯ๓ᆶ চܭჹޣǴᆶቚу܄ࡺ٣ޑᇶᏤǹΟભౢᇶᏤЬाၸமϯပၭౢ ࡋǹڙௗޣࡋᆶـໂပϐᇡᇡӕǴբࣁගϲပՅၭౢϐૈ Զ໒วပғᄊਓၯǴቚғౢޣᆶޣϐೱ่ᆶϕߞᜢ߯ǴΨࣁচໂပ ՍೱচໂပܭշǴঈճڐౢय़ӛǶ࣬ߞၸӚભౢय़ӛᇶᏤᆶࣽࣴޑΕཥ ሽॶౢǴᔈࣁচໂပၭౢᙯࠠޑᐒᆶཥҞǶ
ΓЎϷԾฅၗྍǴጪၭׯؼଛӝӚޑԖᙦڀচໂပޑӦە շวՅၭౢǴ٠ૈ่ӝӧӦၭڐǴပόӕၗྍՅϷၭౢᇶᏤሡ ౢǶ࣬ߞ೭٤চໂပӧၸޑǵЎϯᆶғᄊᕉნวόӕࠠᄊ܄હբಞ চໂပၭډጪၭׯၭౢᙯࠠᆶᇶᏤࡕǴૈᎃ߈চໂပӅӕΕǴၲ ౢ҉ុวޑҞޑǶ
ୖԵЎ
ֆऍᇮ 2011 ပԖᐒၭᆶౢࠔՉᎍ 2011 ԃܿӦচՐ҇ၭౢวࣴ ጪǶ ևǵӕֆǵဃᡉǵۑੀՙǵࡌዝǵէቺวǵ݅Ўǵ݅ҥǵ৪Ҹࣻǵഋ݅ ٫ᑫǵዐ᰾ᏂǵࡼమҖǵቅᑫᄪǵणऍ࣓ǵ 2014 ጪၭׯؼ ፕЎวزԃӄ୯চՐ҇ࣴ 2014 زӦচໂပၭౢวϐࣴە ߄ ကǶ ǶہᆵчѱǺՉࡹଣၭ زՏᆶวϐࣴۓ୯ቼ 2005 ξӦၭ݅
38 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ࡼమҖǵယػণǵէቺวǵዐ᰾Ꮒǵ݅Ўǵӕֆǵ݅ੀՙǵ٫ᑫǵဃᡉǵ ەǵ၏Ϊፌǵླྀεӓǵഋӓǵणऍ࣓ǵ 2013 کቅ௴౺ǵӄύ চՐ҇ၭહǵЎϯൺᑫᆶ҉ុᔼࣴ ܭว߄ ڮচໂပၭ༾ॠ ጪǶ ഋߜҲǵᚑངᓉ 2009 চՐ҇ߥ੮ӦၭճҔวϐཥࠨᐒ--аཥԮᑜӾҡໂҏ ࣮ӺѠ 11(4):14-21Ƕ ٯࣁذঢ়ǵ ǵ෯ླྀᏦ 2013 চໂӦၭวᆶᜫඳ চՐ҇ၭહǵЎϯكᗶျǵ ൺᑫᆶ҉ុᔼࣴ ጪǶ ቅᆢণǵഋۗ֡ 2013 চՐ҇ပՅၭ চՐ҇ၭહǵЎϯൺᑫᆶ҉ុᔼ ࣴ ጪǶ ӦচՐ҇ၭౢวᆶౣೕჄ 2011 ԃܿӦচՐ҇ەቅᑫᄪ 2011 ၭౢวࣴ ጪǶ ᚑངᓉǵᛥৱуǵഋञӼ 2009 ᇨӢ௨ᔒᆶচՐ҇ပၭϐว-аѠཥԮ Ꮲೌࣴ ᆵчǶزಃΎۛβӦࣴ ٯӾҡໂҡድပࣁ ᛥৱу 2008 চՐ҇วԖᐒၭᎁၶޑऩυୢᚒɡаཥԮᑜӾҡໂҡድပ Ꮲೌࣴ ᆵύǶسౢቶᄤᔼᏢނғ 2008 ٯࣁ ԃӄ 2010 ٯፐᚒɡаҡድပวԖᐒၭࣁޑᛥৱу 2010 চՐ҇ပว ፕЎว߄ ကǶز୯চՐ҇ࣴ Lacy, T.D., and Lawson, B. 1997 The Uluru/Kakadu Model: Joint Management of Aboriginal-Owned National Parks in Australia. In Stevens, S. (Eds.): Conservation through Cultural Survival: Indigenous People and Protected Areas 155-187.
39 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Research in the Construction of Industrial Chain in Indigenous Crops in East of Taiwan
Tai-Yu Lin1, Yu-Che Yeh1, Szu-An Chen2, Yi-Yang Lee2, Peng Huang1
1 Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Hualien. 2 Taiwan Agricultural Science and Technology Resources Logistic Management Association.
Abstract With tribal unique indigenous cultures, industry characteristics and advantages of natural environment in Hualien and Ilan county, Hualien district agricultural research and extension station (HDARES) put the agricultural promotion in indigenous villages as first and foremost task. HDARES has already focused on the aboriginal specialty crop research. Not only so that people can enjoy these delicious ingredients, but also help tribal agri-marketing to increase earnings. The natural and geographical environment is suitable organic agriculture development in Hualien and Iilan county, therefore organic production is our guidelines of counseling when indigenous farmers were willing to rehabilitation and transfer to organic cultivation. Aim on demand for indigenous agricultural industry development, HDARES conduct relevant education and training programs to enhance the quality of agricultural labor, and promote indigenous farming industry. In addition, counseling indigenous tribes used natural ecology, and combined with the organic farming techniques to promote the development of tribe leisure industry. In recent years, positive counseling of HDARES, coupled with the input of farmers and civil society groups development has gradually formed highlights, believe that these aboriginal tribes after the baptism of agricultural micro-revolution, will be able to re-ignite the agricultural and cultural highlights, illuminated in and sustainable development.
Keywords: aboriginal tribes, six-level industries, indigenous vegetables, organic agriculture, culture, ecology
40 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
Indigenous and modern practices in yam cultivation in the Pacific Islands
Falaniko Amosa
University of the South Pacific
Abstract An experiment was conducted to test a Tongan traditional belief that changing the direction of vine growth after two months of growth in the field results in higher yields and also the effect of mulching using guinea grass on growth and yield of yams Dioscorea nummularia var Palaimaoa’i. Yam plants arranged in a randomized complete block design with four treatments and five replications were harvested after seven months of growth on November 16th 2014. Yield at harvest showed that changing the direction of vine growth after two months of vegetative growth produced significantly more tubers compared to not changing direction and the mulched plots had significantly lesser weeds compared to non-mulched plots (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed (P>0.05) in the mean vine length and tuber weight between treatments. Another experiment was conducted to determine the best growth medium for rooting vine cuttings as an alternative source of planting material to yam tubers. The three growth media used were sterilised topsoil, riversand and carbonised sawdust. The treatment designwas a factorial arrangement of three growth media and four harvest dates replicated 3 times using a completely randomised design. The top soil medium produced significantly longer roots (5.8cm) at five weeks after planting followed by river sand (4.7cm) and carbonised sawdust (0.9cm). No differences were seen in the number of roots between the different media It is therefore concluded that farmers should be encouraged to use changing of the yam vine direction technique and to use top soil for raising yam vine cuttings in the Pacific Countries. These techniques have increased the number of tubers produced by yam plants and result in faster root growth of yam vine cuttings respectively.
41 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Indigenous and modern practices in yam cultivation in the Pacific Islands
Vijendra Nand Irean Nand Tu’uakifalelei Taufa Eniselika Taani Matalave Tu’usolo Tonga
Presented by Falaniko Amosa School of Agriculture and Food Technology
Content
Introduction: yImportance of yams { Cultural { Economic/Social
yIndigenous practice of changing vine direction after three months of growth in the field
yVine cutting technology
ySummary
42 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
Introduction
y Yam is an important crop in the Pacific islands
1.Cultural: “History tells us that true traditional Tongan agriculture was very much influenced by the kings and nobility and was centered on yam (Dioscorea alata) production. Yam was considered the noblest crop, produced mainly for presentation to kings and nobles and for traditional feasts and festivals, such as the annual festival called Inasi, the festival for presenting the first yam harvest to kings and nobles before common consumption.” Finau Pole
Scale Area Harvested Yield Production Quantity Units Ha Hg/Ha tonnes 2004 units 338.000 165976.330 5610.000 Tonga 2005 units 347.000 161412.100 5601.000 2006 units 360.000 127777.780 4600.000 2007 units 370.000 127027.030 4700.000 2008 units 458.000 141048.030 6460.000 2009 units 356.000 111629.210 3974.000 2. Economic 2010 units 398.000 138894.470 5528.000 2011 units 352.000 138750.000 4884.000 2012 units 360.000 138888.890 5000.000 y Yam 2013 units 400.000 131250.000 5250.000 2004 units 900.000 10900.000 981.000 Fiji 2008 units 3522.000 11445.200 4031.000 production 2009 units 1040.000 11750.000 1222.000 2010 units 1400.000 12142.860 1700.000 by area and 2011 units 4500.000 13184.440 5933.000 2012 units 4500.000 13097.780 5894.000 2013 units 4500.000 12444.440 5600.000 yield for 2004 units 535.000 49906.540 2670.000 Samoa 2005 units 549.000 48542.810 2665.000 four 2006 units 560.000 47321.430 2650.000 2007 units 570.000 47228.070 2692.000 2008 units 590.000 46694.920 2755.000 countries in 2009 units 630.000 46873.020 2953.000 2010 units 650.000 46153.850 3000.000 the Pacific 2011 units 574.000 46167.250 2650.000 2012 units 580.000 47413.790 2750.000 2013 units 580.000 47413.790 2750.000 2004 units 3600.000 86111.110 31000.000 Solomons 2005 units 3900.000 82051.280 32000.000 2006 units 3500.000 85714.290 30000.000 2007 units 3900.000 82051.280 32000.000 2008 units 4000.000 85000.000 34000.000 2009 units 4100.000 85365.850 35000.000 2010 units 4100.000 85365.850 35000.000 2011 units 4100.000 85365.850 35000.000 2012 units 4000.000 110000.000 44000.000 2013 units 4200.000 107142.860 45000.000
43 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
y In Tonga, it is tradition for yam farmers to compete for the best farmer of the year.
y One of the winners, Paula Faka’utoki has shared with us his traditional knowledge (secret) about how he became a successful yam farmer.
y This secret is in changing the direction of growth of the vines to the opposite side after two months of growth in the field.
y In the past 10 years, farmers of Tonga have cultivated squash for export to Japan, Korea and New Zealand.
y After five years, the remaining vegetation is just guinea grass and there is no more bush vegetation for stakes.
y Farmers are now using grass mulches for the yams in place of stakes as a trellis system.
44 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
Research objectives:
y To compare the effect of changing vine direction to the opposite direction on yam growth and tuber yield y To compare the effect of mulching on yam growth and tuber yields y To compare the effect of mulching on weed incidence in yam plots
Methodology: y A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was employed, with yam planted in each treatment being grown five blocks y Trial treatments y T1 – no direction, no mulch y T2 – direction, no mulch y T3 – no direction, mulch y T4 – direction, mulch
45 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Plot Management
y Land preparation: y Selected land area was cleared and planting holes were dug for four plants per plot and sixteen per block which amounted to eighty plants from five blocks.
y Hand pulling of weeds
46 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
Mulching
Guinea grass was used as mulch for the mulch treatments.
y Changing the vine direction
yChanging of the directions of yam vines was done after the first three months after planting. yHook stick were used to maintain the vines in the changed direction.
47 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Harvesting
Statistical Analysis
y All the data collected was subjected to analysis of variance using the standard ANOVA of a RCBD design.
y Where significant differences (P˂0.05) were observed, the least significant difference (LSD) method was used to compare means.
48 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
Results and discussions
Treatments Vine Number of Tuber Tuber Weight Length (m) Weeds/plot Number
No mulch 1.978ns 219.6 a 2.4c 3.78ns & no direction
Direction 2.288ns 178.8 a 3.8b 4.11ns & no mulch
Mulching 2.118ns 64.6 bb 3.0c 4.33ns & no direction
Direction 2.396ns 45.6b 4.4a 4.56ns & Mulching
LSD 0.567 50.39 1.01 1.83
Source of variance df S.S M.S. v.r. F pr
Block stratum 4 8.8000 2.2000 4.12
Block. *Units* stratum Treatments 3 11.6000 3.8667 7.25 0.005 Mulch vs No mulch 1 1.8000 1.8000 3.38 0.091
Direction vs No 1 9.8000 9.8000 18.38 0.001 direction Residual 12 6.4000 0.5333
Total 19 26.800 0
49 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Conclusions
y Mulch did not improve yam growth and yield but reduced the occurrence of weeds.
y Training yam vines to the opposite direction increased tuber numbers.
Rooting vine cuttings for field planting
Falaniko Amosa
50 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
Propagation
1. Corm
2. Minisetts
Problems
1. Tubers are the edible portion of the crop and is also the propagule used by farmers for planting out the crop in the field.
This leads to big losses in farmers’ income and food supply.
2. Tubers are dormant and only allow one crop per year
51 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Vine cuttings
Research
y Considering the opportunities presented by the vine cutting technology this research was conducted at Vaitele Samoa.
Research Objectives: 1. Determine the best growth medium for rooting vine cuttings
2. Determine if vine cuttings can be rooted
3. To compare field growth and yield of vine propagated yams after three months.
52 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
Methodology y Experimental design: CRD y Treatment design: Factorial arrangement of three growth media and four harvest dates replicated 3 times y Treatments: { Sterilised top soil { River sand { Carbonised sawdust
Vine cutting preparation
Vine cuttings
•Taken from plants 2 – 3 months old
•Cuttings with about 3 – 4 nodes
•Leaves removed from lower nodes
53 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
• Vines were dipped in a rooting hormone
• Planted in plastic bags
• Bags put in an enclosed space
y Data Collection
{ Root number { Root length { Mortality percentage
y Data analysis: ANOVA of CRD
54 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
Results
3 weeks after planting
Sawdust Sand
Soil
55 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Root Number
sand
sawdust
Soil Means for Treat
Sand Sawdust Soil 7.0 10.3 8.0 ns
Root length (cm)
Means for Treat
Soil Sawdust
Means for Treat Sand Sand Sawdust Soil 4.7 b 0.9 c 5.8 a
56 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
Conclusions y After five weeks of growing vine cuttings in nursery:
{ The Top soil Medium proved to be the best medium followed by the River sand medium.
Comparing field growth of three months old vine propagated yams raised on three different nursery growth media
57 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Materials and Methods
y The experiment was carried out at Vaitele–uta Apia Samoa.
y Five weeks old vine propagated yam plants were planted in raised beds 0.5m between plants and 1m between beds in a Randomised Complete Block Design with three treatments and five replications.
Data Collection
Data for the following parameters was collected 3 months after transplanting of the vines:
y Number of roots and root length;
y Number of tuberous roots (tuber number and weight); and,
y Total Biomass (dried at 65 degrees Celsius).
58 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
Statistical Analysis
y All the data collected was subjected to analysis of variance using an RCB design.
y Where significant variance ratios (P<0.05) was observed, least significant differences (LSD) was used to separate and compare means between the growth media.
y
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Mean Root Length (cm)
TREATMENT TOP SOIL RIVER SAND CARBONISED SAWDUST MEANS 13.90 a 17.80 a 8.50 b LSD (5%) = 5.2
¾Yam vines propagated on topsoil and river sand media produced significantly (P<0.05) longer roots as compared to vines propagated on carbonised sawdust medium 3 months after transplanting. ¾This result indicates that plants with longer roots at transplanting will result in faster root growth in the field (Amosa 2014 unpublished).
59 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
B. Number of Roots
TREATMENT TOP SOIL RIVER SAND CARBONISED SAWDUST MEANS 9.8 a 8.0 a 9.4 a
LSD = 5.0
y There were no significant differences observed (P>0.05) in the mean number of roots produced by yam vine cuttings propagated using the three different media.
y This result is consistent with the results by Amosa ,2014.
y Root initiation is control by other factors other than growth medium.
60 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
y Number of Tubers
TREATMENT TOP SOIL RIVER SAND CARBONISED SAWDUST MEANS 1.8 a 1.8 a 0.2 b LSD = 1.3
y Yam vines propagated on topsoil and river media produced significantly (P<0.05) more number of tubers as compared to vines propagated on carbonised sawdust media.
y This is because the plants in top soil and river sand media had longer roots at transplanting which enabled them to absorb more nutrients and moisture that allows for better growth and tuber formation 3 months after transplanting.
61 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
y Tuber Weight (g)
TREATMENT TOP SOIL RIVER SAND CARBONISED SAWDUST MEAN 13.8 a 6.3 ab 0.1 b LSD = 8.63
y Yam vines propagated using topsoil media produced significantly heavier (P<0.05) tubers than those propagated using carbonised sawdust.
y However tuber weight were comparable between topsoil media and river sand
y Perhaps, the lowered number of mini tubers obtained in carbonised sawdust was due to the slow growth after transplanting due to smaller roots.
62 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
Total Biomass (g)
TREATMENT TOP SOIL RIVER SAND CARBONISED SAWDUST MEANS 20.42a 17.0ab 11.97b
LSD =7.66
Plant Total biomass was higher in topsoil media (P<0.05)
than plants using carbonised sawdust.
.
CONCLUSIONS
¾ Yields produced at harvest, 12 weeks after transplanting on the field, showed that using Top soil and River sand as the nursery planting media produced more and bigger tubers compared to plants propagated on carbonised sawdust.
63 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
y Besides, the technique offers hopes of alternative planting material to the tuber otherwise needed as energy food source for animals and man.
y Vine cutting technology offers an opportunity to plant more crops of yams in a year
RECOMMENDATIONS
y It is recommended that at early stage of vine propagated yams, a proper management practice to be done which includes:
y A) fertilizer application and frequent watering to boost the vegetative growth of the plants.
y B) Application of pesticides to protect new plants from pests and diseases
64 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
y Farmers should be encouraged to use yam vines as the planting materials to plant yams where ever feasible in the South Pacific countries. This is to save tubers for sale and allows for growing more than one crop per year.
Summary y Indigenous knowledge and practices still work. y The way forward for the Pacific island farmers for increasing yam production is the merging of old and new knowledge and practises.
65 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
.
66 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ѤᅿጪচՐ҇ഁޑᔼᎦሽॶ ―လиԯᝯ (Nostoc Commune)ǵᝥԯᝦ (Gonostegia hirta)ǵพ (Tetragonia tetragonoides)ǵಒယ࿗ԯᙘ (Cardamine flexuosa)
1ǵယػণ1ǵߋలൟ1ǵഋߎ1کෞϐᑉ1ǵ၏ไ1ǵֆृ2ǵླྀྷҏ2ǵӄύ
ጪၭׯؼہ1Չࡹଣၭ วύЈز2Шࣚጫࣴ
ᄔा
ጪՏܭᆵޑܿӦǴߥԖᙦӭϡޑচՐ҇ЎϯǴЪࢂӞޑ҇― ഁၗྍǴаϷচՐ҇ߏਔ໔௦ϷޑЬाۚՐӦǶጪᏱԖᙦޑߓऍ ЎϯᆶᡍǶԖ٤ഁςԖΓࣁਭЪӧѱೡ୧Ǵՠࢂεޑ१Ҕഁ চՐ҇ഁ(လиԯᝯޑࡷᒧѤᅿख़ाزᔼᎦሽॶǶҁࣴޑϩΓ٠όᕕှഁ Nostoc Communeǵᝥԯᝦ Gonostegia hirtaǵพ Tetragonia tetragonoidesǵಒယ ፦ǵނё१ϩϐᔼᎦԋϩǵᆢғનǵځ࿗ԯᙘ Cardamine flexuosa)Ǵ ፦ (7.93៓ޑНှữ୷ለϷᕴ⇌֖ໆǶϩ่݀ᡉҢǴ(1)လиԯᝯǴ֖Ԗᙦ (ೈқ፦ (29.3% DW)ǴЪિެ֖ໆཱུե (0.02 g/100g FW)Ƕ(2کmg/100 g FW)Ǵ کᆢғનC (74 mg/100 g FW)Ǵβ-चᡀጱન (2,712 μg/100g)Ǵޑᝥԯᝦ֖Ԗᙦ ፦ǶނޑǴ֖Ԗᙦނᔭੇޑёαښᕴ⇌ (2,514 mg/100 g FW) (3)พࣁऍ ғǴ֖Ԗᙦޑښ॥ڀǴё໒วࣁձښԖਸ҃॥ڀಒယ࿗ԯᙘ(4) ፦ (8.78៓کᆢғનC (45 mg/100 g FW)ǴѸሡữ୷ለ (950.73 mg/100g)Ǵޑ ԖቶճҔሽॶǶڀԖᙦᔼᎦǴߚதڀᡉҢচՐ҇ഁ่݀زmg/100g)Ƕҁࣴ
ᜢᗖӷǺচғނǵ҇ނǵ༾ໆϡનǵữ୷ለǵᕴ⇌ǵߓऍ
67 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
ق
চՐ҇ޑғࢲᆶԾฅނᜢ߯ஏϪǴЪவᡍ܍ύಕᑈޕǴჹ ᅰࢂഁᆶᛰǴӵǺξᜐٰܚВதғࢲύǴߞЋܭᕕှǴቶݱᔈҔޑނܭ ޑ᠁ǶғߏӧੇᔭفाޑࢂഁНሩ׳ᝥԯᝦǴόࢂ௱ഁǴޑـၰத ᚇ―ಒယ࿗ԯᙘǴӧޑـഁǶѤೀёޑёαښࢂऍ׳ǴײพǴόऐᡶऐ လиԯᝯǴதрӧߘޑഁǶѦ߄࣮ଆٰനόଆޑᇺ༙ښচՐ҇ύёࢂऍ ఽǶᗋԖޑഁ―Γޑ߆ڙᓓ္നښዊᔸӦǴӧഖࢂഁޑϺࡕ ܈႟१Ǵცಳฆೈ෯ޑᓪဗǴচՐ҇ᇟ tatokemǴԋዕ݀ࢂλ࠸ޑـനத Ԗڀന٫ှଚ෯ǶςԖӭЎჴᓪဗޑࢂচՐ҇׳ᗋёफ़ОǴښๆόऍ ဍዦᙴᛰфૈ(Ǵ2015ǹǴ2008ǹ݅ǴלբҔаϷطวݹǵៈלϯǵ਼ל ޑ2008ǹ݅Ǵ2009ǹߠǴ2013ǹࡼǴ2008ǹᗛǴ2008)Ƕ೭٤ӧচՐ҇ပதҔ ނǴӭࣁѠচғނǴ܈ࢂςᘜϯѠޑഁғނǴΨԖЇਭᐕў ܈ᅿচǴނޑЎϯύǶԶ೭٤ӭኬϯޑǴߥӸӧচໂပނբޑΦ ሽॶǴ܄ᔼᎦᆶᐒૈޑԖᙦڀࢂ܈ᅿচǴޑӸӧӢᔈӄౚংᡂᎂऐნ ፐᚒǶޑزࢂॶளΕࣴ
ጪӦࣁᆵख़ाޑচՐ҇ӦϐǴЪԾฅᕉნઇᚯำࡋၨեǴ࣬ჹߥ วǶጪز࣬ᜢࣴޑނচՐ҇ՅܭচՐ҇ЎϯᆶԾฅၗྍǴԖճޑԖᙦ ǴೌמǴࣴวቶӭᅿഁਭزচՐ҇ၭวϐ࣬ᜢࣴܭၭׯؼठΚ ϩഁᔼᎦԋϩǴҞςᇆလӵᝥԯᝦǵพǵξधҐϷξǶϞ иԯᝯǵᝥԯᝦǵพǵಒယ࿗ԯᙘǵᛯǵᓪဗǵរх݀ǵ๋ङϖΜᎩᅿ ǶҁЎزวύЈӝբǴՉᔼᎦԋϩϩࣴزǴᆶШࣚጫࣴނচՐ҇Յ চғচՐ҇ഁ―လиԯᝯǵᝥԯᝦǵพϷޑᆶᔼᎦሽॶ܄αڀᆒᒧѤᅿঋ ಒယ࿗ԯᙘՉᔼᎦԋϩϩǶ
ࣚᙔᆘᝯނচਡғޑۈനচܭလиԯᝯ (Nostoc Commune Vauch.) (კ)ឦ ఽǴচՐ҇߾ᔍޑ੧ᝯࣽ (Nostocaceae)ǴΞӜߘٰ⏯ǵӦЕԸϷΓۺᆜϐ ᆀࣁȨΠߘޑεߡȩǶӢጪӦԡࢉၨϿǴߘϺၸࡕޑӦதёวလиԯ ᔈޑȩǶလиԯᝯښऍޑᝯᙫၞǶচՐ҇ζதӧΠߘၸࡕǴ९Ӧᏺࡵ೭ȨߘϺ ٫१ȩǴё๊ޥࣗᗲȩϷȨښȨёբᛨΕ㎷ǴځҔᐕўΦǴђਜҭԖၩǴᢌ Ԝၰ٫ᓘǴᓓӭऍᆀډǶϞӭᓓҭёӞښऍޑလиԯᝯډђΓջςᕕှـ ёαǶӭЎࡰрလиԯᝯښఽǴаᇺϷᇁᓐݺ१Ǵջ࣬ऍޑࣁΓځ ᡉҢလиԯᝯ֖Ԗӭᅿữ୷ለᅿᜪϷᆢғનزǴࣴ܄ᔼᎦԋϩϷᐒૈޑԖᙦ֖ ᕴ⇌ᆶᕴ✉(ǴޑǴ1999)Ǵҭ֖ԖᙦکǴ2013ǹ⥞Ǵ2010ǹ) Ԗమڀځӭᅿ༾ໆϡન(Ǵ2013)Ƕύᙴᛰ߾ᇡࣁکǵ້៓ޑǴϷᙦ(2014 לဍዦǵלϯǵ਼לလиԯᝯӧܭܴҞǵԏᔙǵճဉगфૈǶϞҭԖᜢ ,.Kanekiyo et al., 2005; Tamaru et al)ز࣬ᜢࣴޑ܄วݹᐒૈלϷלࢥǵੰ 2005; Zhang et al., 2015)Ƕ
68 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ᝥԯᝦ (Gonostegia hirta (Blume) Miq.) (კΒ)ࣁⶁഞࣽ (Urticaceae) ҡᖘឦ ނǴΞӜѪယᛯǵᝥԯǵᝥԯᛯǶதϩѲܭύեੇܘξᜐ໒ᗡӦ܈ྎዊ ഁ(ӄǴ2013)ǶޑวወΚڀ٫ǴࣁংᡂᎂΠཱུ܄⩪ϷऐײऐޑᔸӦǶᝥԯᝦ ߆Ƕᝥԯᝦࣁӭԃғጭڙࢂ׳ࢂᇙբഁНሩ܈ცಳယݺ१Ǵڗ१ҔБԄёᄔ ܄ҁނǴӝೱុ௦ԏǴਭޑᝥԯᝦऊ1-2ຼё௦ԏԛცಳယǴߦཥ ௦Ǵሡ໔႖8ຼԿ12ຼаុ҉ޑࡰрഁғᝥԯᝦزᔼᎦғߏ(ӄǴ2016)Ƕࣴ ಉೈқ፦ǵಉᠼᆢǵβ-चᡀጱનǵޑࡰрᝥԯᝦ֖Ԗᙦز(Ǵ2007)ǶΓࣴ ᗬ)܄ϯࢲ਼לޑԖؼӳڀᆢғનCϷ៓ᔼᎦԋϩ(݅Ǵ2012)ǶќѦǴᝥԯᝦҭ Ǵ2013)ϷᡉޑDPPHԾҗ୷మନૈΚ(ယǴ2014)Ƕ҇߫ஒᝥԯᝦᔈ ϯόؼϷЗՈǶܭҔ
พ (Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Ktze. ) (კΟ)ࣁพࣽ (Aizoaceae) พ ᆵǵВҁǵફՋើǵᐞࢪǵܭǴΞӜЛݢǵફՋើݢǴϩѲނҁޑឦ ᔭੇӦܭӄǴ2012)ǶۚՐ)܄ǵऐ೦ዣײԖऐᡶᡵǵऐڀࠄऍੇᔭӦǴ ཱུ܄ಳယԺ፦ǴమݺջᗲცёαǴࢂαځცಳယฆ१ǴځচՐ҇ᄔ௦ޑ ǶSlupski(2010)Γ܄ᔼᎦሽॶᆶᐒૈޑԖᙦڀഁǶӭЎᡉҢพޑ٫ Ԗࡐڀࡰрพ֖ೈқ፦ᆶӭᅿữ୷ለᅿᜪǴх֖ 8 ᅿΓᡏѸሡữ୷ለǴزࣴ ᜪचޑࡰрพ֖ԖᜪचᡀጱનϷᜪ✉ǴЪცಳယύزᔼᎦሽॶǶҭԖࣴޑӳ ໆၨԋዕಳယଯ (Azevedo-Meleiro and Rodriguez-Amaya, 2005)ǶԶ พ֖ޑᡀጱન ለǴНฆջёε൯फ़ե(Savage et܄ለΨၨጫଯǴՠεϩࣁНྋޑ ဉלǵלܭഁǴΨࢂ҇߫ߙᛰǴ҇໔தᔈҔޑal., 2000)Ƕพόࢂёα ΌᎇޑࡰрพزᕎϷηᓍᕎǶླྀ(2006)ࣴطᕎǵޤगውᅬǴࣗԿगᕎǵ ಒझቚғϷᏤठಒझΫǶڋёނڗ
ಒယ࿗ԯᙘ (Cardamine flexuosa With.) (კѤ)ࣁΜӷࣽ (Brassicaceae) ࿗ ༜ǵ༜ǴࣗԿࢂྕ࠻݀ܭـਔதۑǴΞӜౌǶࣁհނԃғҁޑԯᙘឦ ഁǶಒယ࿗ԯᙘਲ਼ᠼಒብλǴՠࠅԖ༙ޑښᚇǴࠅΨࢂऍޑـϷࣧύத ഁޑȨࠐԯȩǴࢂচՐ҇ࡐ഻ང܈ࣁȨᛈȩځǴচՐ҇Ξᆀښ॥ޑᇺӵ҃ ޑـаচՐ҇१Ҕಒယ࿗ԯᙘനத܌уջ഼ѨǴښᇺ॥༙ޑϐǶՠਸ ३Ƕٌښፓ܈БԄࣁݠᙵݨғӞǴࡐӝբғ
ᔼᎦનǴૈᔼᎦનх֖ᗐ܄ሡᔼᎦનǴёϩࣁૈᔼᎦનϷᐒૈ܌Γᡏ ٮ፦ϷНǶഁЬाࣁගނᔼᎦન߾ࣁᆢғનǵ܄િެǴᐒૈکᜪǵೈқ፦ ΓᡏᆢғનϷނ፦ᐒૈ܄ᔼᎦԋϩǴЀаᆢғનA (β-चᡀጱન)ǵᆢғનCǵ ⇌ೈқ፦ᆶữ୷ለҭॶளݙཀǶԶᕴޑǴഁقԶޣϷᎋനࣁख़ाǶऩჹન१៓ လиԯᝯǵزԋϩǶҁࣴ܄ᐒૈޑϯૈΚᜢ߯ஏϪǴࣁഁख़ा਼לໆᆶ֖ ፦ǵữ୷ለӭᅿނᝥԯᝦǵพϷಒယ࿗ԯᙘѤᅿচՐ҇ഁϐᆢғનǵ ᔼᎦԋϩϷᕴ⇌֖ໆǶ
69 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
ᆶБݤ
ǵϩᆶኬࠔೀ
) ϩ) ҁ၂ᡍϩϩձࣁᝥԯᝦǵพǵಒယ࿗ԯᙘϷလиԯᝯѤᅿጪӦ ጪၭׯؼǴԶလиܭύᝥԯᝦǵพϷಒယ࿗ԯᙘ௦ځচՐ҇ഁǴ ύځচՐ҇ഁѱǴԏऊ3,000լǴஒኬࠔϩΟҽǴޑӓӼໂܭԯᝯᖼວ ՉᔼᎦϩ(ೈқ፦ǵسҽаհᙒБԄၮଌԿѠࠄ๓ϯШࣚጫύЈᔼᎦ Չಉિެǵಉ܌زᆢғનCǵ້ǵ៓ǵᎋϷᕴ⇌)ǴҽଌԿཥԮ१ࠔπࣴ ᠼᆢϷữ୷ለϩǴϩ੮ܭҁϩႇǵᗔǵ໊Ϸ៓Ƕ
(Β) ኬࠔೀ ࡕǴҥջаપНమࢱǴࢱృࡕѐନූᎩسШࣚጫύЈᔼᎦܢচՐ҇ഁၮ १Ҕϩ(လиԯᝯࣁӄᝯᡏǴᝥԯᝦϷพࣁცಳယǴڗНϩǴ٬ҔόឌᒳΘ Εᆛܫ250լ-200ڗϪԋऊ5Ϧϩߏ٠кϩషӝǴځಒယ࿗ԯᙘࣁӄਲ਼)Ǵஒ 20ʚ-ܭ20ʚհএ4λਔǴฅࡕՉհএଳᔿǴଳᔿኬࠔᑃԋણ҃ᓯӸ-ܭᆀख़٠ ཥᗲኬࠔϪ࿗ऊ0.5Ϧϩ٠кϩషڗՉӚᅿᔼᎦનϩ٬ҔǶќٮհএа ᆢғનCϩ٬ҔǶٮ80ʚհএǴа-ܭΕ֨ǴᓯӸܫӝǴᆀख़20լ
(Ο) ϯᏢᛰࠔ Merck (ቺ୯)Ƕ ܈(ࠔจࣁ Sigma-Aldrich (ऍ୯ޑ٬ҔϯᏢᛰࠔ܌زҁࣴ
ΒǵϩБݤ
() Нϩ ճҔ॥Ԅᑃણᐒ(Pulverisette14701ǴFRITSCHǴቺ୯)ஒհএଳᔿኬࠔᑃԋ ܫհএଳᔿણ҃ޑ0.5լڗኬࠔଳᔿϷଳᔿࡕख़ໆǴӆۓख़ࢂෳނણ҃Ƕଳ ख़ǶނНϩ֖ໆϷଳޑНϩǶीᆉኬࠔځۓጃ135ʚଳ2λਔϐࡕෳ
(Β) ೈқ፦ ໆݤ(AOACБݤ979.09ǹAOACǴ1990)Ǵаᐚ౷ۓೈқ፦֖ໆࢂ௦ҔഩМේ ၸ਼ϯణբࣁϯᏊǴஒԖᐒේᙯϯࣁǴ٠ஒᇃᚖ܈ለϯࡕǴӆ٬Ҕ౷ለል ౷ለྋనۓǴаෳۓ౷ለྋనύǴᇃᚖనаణ਼ϯ໊ྋనᅀډԏޑрܫញ܌ ේ (%)४а6.25ीᆉǶޑள܌Ǵೈқ፦ (%)֖ໆ٩ޑ֎ԏ܌ύ
(Ο) ᠼᆢન
ᘠύǴа1.25% H2SO4Ϸ1.25% NaOHӚฆݦ30ϩដǴ٠Չܭଳᔿኬࠔ ϐǶۓଳᔿϷԪϯǴइᒵԪϯࡕख़ໆǴ٩AOAC, 1975ϐБݤෳ
70 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
(Ѥ) ಉિެ ջёǴಉނΕጃуନѐhexaneǴગໆූ੮ܫрિެࡕǴڗ٬Ҕ҅ς₧ ໆǶ֖ځБݤϩǴෳໆޑિެ٩AOAC 1970
(ϖ) ᆢғનA (β-carotene) Ѥణ㞒ീϷҘܭనаේଳǴӣྋڗǴڗհএଳᔿኬࠔуΕНϷЧ✉ ϐǶۓᎇషӝనǴ٠аHPLCෳ
(Ϥ) ᆢғનC (Ascorbic acid) ࡕǴуΕ2,6-Βෛ⇌ᓈ⇌໊ྋన (DCPIP)Ϸڗཥᗲኬࠔୃᕗለᎉለన 2,4-Βฮ୷श㶳 (DNPH)ྋనǴӧለ܄చҹΠևᐈՅ (Pelletier, 1985)ǴևՅ ֎ӀॶǶۓ37ʚНਁᕏ3λਔǴаϩӀӀࡋीݢߏ520nmෳܭໆǴۓՉϩ
(Ύ) ᕴ⇌ ԋኬڗᕴ⇌֖ໆǴኬࠔϩձаҘᎇ(1:4)֡፦ۓ٩Folin-Ciocalteu reagentෳ ၂ᆅύǴ٩ׇуΕޑձঁܭኬࠔనϷChlorogenic acidྗࠔྋన0.2mlڗనǴ
3.2 mlΒԛᇃᚖНǴ0.2డϲ1N Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagentǴ0.4 ml Na2CO3Ⴋ ྋనǴаਁᕏᏔషӝ֡ϬǴࡑкϩϸᔈ30ϩដࡕǴаϩӀӀࡋीݢߏ760nmෳک ֎ӀॶǶځۓ
(Ζ) ້Ϸᎋ ࢂၸԪϯၸำϷ౷ለีញ(AOACБݤ975.03ǴAOACǴۓෳޑϷᎋ֖ໆ້ ϐǶۓǴаচη֎ԏӀሺෳ(1990
:Бݤۓΐ) ႇǵᗔǵ໊ᆶ៓ෳ) ኬҁ௦ࡕࡷᒧё१Տ6 kgǴࢱృࡕܫԿጃǴ38ʚଳԿࡡख़ࡕǴӆ ܫણ҃0.2 gǴуΕฮለ10 mL ᆶᡶለ1 mLǶڗᑃણၸ20ҞᑔࡕհএߥӸǶગ ໆۓ॥ᘕ20ϩដႣϯࡕǴа180ʚ ༾ݢϯ 35ϩដǶհࠅࡕаѐᚆηНܜ KǵMgǵNaϷFe֖ໆǶۓԿ20 mLࡕǴаགᔈଽӝႝዀচηวӀሺ (ICP) ෳ
(Μ) Ԫҽ ᗙࡕаԪϯ600ʚᐯᐨ10λਔǴհࠅࡕગख़ඤᆉԪϩ֖ໆǶڴஒኬҁးΕ
(Μ) Нှữ୷ለ ϐ(Simpson et al., 1976)Ƕۓ٩ᚆηҬඤቫݤෳ
่݀ᆶፕ
ǵᔼᎦԋϩ
ᅹНϯکᔼᎦԋϩࣁНϩǵಉೈқǵಉᠼᆢǵಉિެޑጫᜪ֖ໆၨଯ ϩጪӦѤᅿচՐ҇ഁ(လиԯᝯǵพǵᝥԯᝦϷಒယ࿗زǶҁࣴނӝ
71 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Нϩ֖ໆࣁޑҢǶѤᅿഁ܌ԯᙘ)ё१ϩǴᔼᎦԋϩϩ่݀ӵ߄ 80.2%-97% Ǵಉೈқࣁ0.88%-3.64% Ǵಉᠼᆢࣁ0.16%-2.53% Ǵಉિެࣁ 0.02%-0.23%ǴᅹНϯӝނࣁ1.62%-10.65%Ƕໆ10.18-58.33 kcal/100 gǶᝥԯᝦ ز֖ໆၨଯǴНϩ֖ໆ߾࣬ჹၨեǴᆶΓࣴނӧಉೈқǵಉᠼᆢϷᅹНϯӝ ่݀࣬߈(݅Ǵ2012)Ǵ߄ҢᝥԯᝦԖᙦᑧ१ᠼᆢǴёᔅշϯǶလиԯᝯࣁᙔ ࣬زНϩ֖ໆǴӧಉિެᆶໆ֖ໆཱུեǴᆶΓࣴޑᆘᝯᜪǴᗲख़Ԗଯၲ97% ӕ(Ǵ2013ǹǴ1999ǹǴ1998ǹ⥞Ǵ2010)ǶလиԯᝯܭΓЎ لᔼᎦԋϩǴӵೈқ፦֖ໆଯၲ14.6-28.7%Ǵё༴ऍځύӭаଳᔿኬࠔϩीᆉ ᜪ(Briones et al., 1997ǹǴ2013ǹǴ1999ǹǴ1998ǹ⥞Ǵ2010)Ƕ Briones(1997)ᇡࣁလиԯᝯࣁଯೈқ१ࠔǴЪೈқ፦ޑёϯ܄ࡐଯǴࢂࡐӳ ೈқ፦ٰྍǶҁ၂ᡍလиԯᝯಉೈқ֖ໆࣁ0.88g/100g FWǴඤᆉԋଳख़ೈқޑ Ԗ໒วԋեિଯೈқߥ଼१ࠔϐወΚڀ࣬߈Ǵ่݀ز፦֖ໆࣁ29.3 %ǴᆶΓࣴ (Ǵ2013)Ƕ
Βǵᆢғન֖ໆ
༾ໆᔼᎦԋϩǴԶΞคݤԾՉౢޑሡा܌ǴࢂΓᡏڮᆢғનΞᆀᆢд ѸሡǶഁύ֖ໆၨᙦ܌ǴࢂፓΓᡏཥഋжᖴᆶᆢ଼நڗឪނғǴሡҗ१ ځᆢғનCǶᆢғનAϷکβ-चᡀጱનǴނ០ځᆢғનԋϩǴࣁᆢғનAϷޑ فᄽख़ाתᆢៈຎфૈǵҜጥᗹጢϷମᓝЛᎳ଼ந֡ܭβ-चᡀጱનǴჹނ០ ޑǵଳੱϷҜጥଳᔿੱǶᆢғનCёߦጤচੱޓڹՅǴᆢғનAલЮЇଆ ݩǴуೲαᘰӝǴҭࣁΓރؼӳޑԋϩǴᆢಒझ໔ޑԋǴࢂᄬԋಒझ໔፦ Κफ़եǴϷᚯՈלܢϯᏊǶલЮᆢғનC߾ԋУ៱ҜጥрՈǵ਼לᡏϣख़ा ҢǴᆢғનAਏΚࣁ܌ǶϩѤᅿচ҇ഁᆢғન֖ໆ่݀ӵ߄Βރੱੱ 27.55-452 μg-RE/100gǴβ-चᡀጱનࣁ165-2,712 μg/100gǴᆢғનCࣁN.D.-74 mg/100gǶβ-चᡀጱનǵᆢғનAਏΚϷᆢғનC֡аᝥԯᝦ֖ໆനଯǴᆶΓࣴ ᆢғનǴԖշޑ࣬߈(Kalita et al,2014ǹ݅Ǵ2012)Ǵ߄Ңᝥԯᝦ֖Ԗᙦ่݀ز ܭΓᡏ଼நǶWong(2013)ஒᝥԯᝦޑಳᆶယϩ໒ϩǴϩ่݀ယТύޑβ- 16७ǶᆢғનC֖ໆϩǴᝥԯᝦࣁ74 mg/100gǵಒယ࿗ޑचᡀጱન֖ໆऊࣁಳ Ծፁᅽ१ࠔڗ) ᘗᘔ34 mg/100gܭԯᙘࣁ45 mg/100gǵพࣁ39 mg/100gǴ֡ଯ ྍǶΓٰࣴޑᆢғનڗᔼᎦԋϩၗ)Ƕಒယ࿗ԯᙘёբࣁғ१ҔǴࣁឪ ӭԛزᆢғનC(Ǵ2013ǹ⥞Ǵ2010)Ƕՠҁࣴޑࡰрလиԯᝯ֖Ԗᙦز ܈ᆢғનC֖ໆ֡ࣁ0Ƕෳёૈࣁ௦ኬࠔǵኬࠔೀځϩཥᗲလиԯᝯǴ Ǵᆢނᜪ१๋کੇޑठǶ၌ၗύᆶလиԯᝯၨࣁௗ߈܌ϩБݤόӕ ғનC֖ໆҭ֡ࣁ0 (ፁᅽ१ࠔᔼᎦԋϩၗ)Ƕ
72 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
፦֖ໆނΟǵ
চǴӵᄬԋମᓝǵУᏁǵԼԺǵՈౚǵઓϐख़ޑᡏಒझي፦ࢂᄬԋނ ाԋϩǶаϷፓғᐒૈǴӵᆢᡏనለᡵѳᑽǴፓᅖᓸǴЈ᠌ԼԺԏᕭǴ ઓᏤᐒૈǶΓᡏ܌ሡޑނ፦Ԗ້ǵႇǵ໊ǵᗔǵ៓ǵᎋ…ǶϩѤᅿ ҢǴ້֖ໆ58.84-676.23 mg/100gǴႇ֖ໆ܌፦֖ໆ่݀ӵ߄Οނޑচ҇ഁ mg/100gǴ໊֖ໆ3.14-115.85 mg/100gǴᗔ֖ໆ7.47-97.35 mg/100gǴ 3.83-477.58 ໆ3.19-8.78 mg/100gǴᎋ֖ໆ0.04-0.46 mg/100gǶ້ǵᕗǵႇǵ໊ϷᗔࢂΓ֖៓ ፦ϡનǶလиނ༾ໆޑ፦ϡનǴ៓Ϸᎋ߾ࢂΓᡏѸሡނதໆޑໆၨεᡏሡ ፦Ǵϩձࣁ7.93ǵ8.78 mg/100gǴऊࣁဟ(0.25៓ޑಒယ࿗ԯᙘ߾Ԗᙦکԯᝯ ፦Ϸ້፦(ЦǴ៓ޑύҭࡰрလиԯᝯ֖Ԗᙦز32७ǶΓࣴޑ(mg/100g ޑ2011ǹ⥞Ǵ2010ǹǴ1998ǹЦǴ2010ǹǴ2013)Ƕพ߾֖Ԗၨӭ ғߏӦڙ፦֖ໆނޑᡏނᔭੇӦԖ࣬ᜢǶԶܭӝғߏځکႇϷ໊Ǵёૈ βᝆ܈ϟ፦ޑቹៜࣗεǶ
ѤǵНှữ୷ለ֖ໆ
ᐟᆶڈ୷ҁൂՏǴࣁനૈޑ፦Ǵࢂᄬԋೈқ፦ނ୷ҁޑڮữ୷ለࢂΓᡏғ ᡏᐒૈǵي๏ΓᡏᔼᎦǵፓٮЬाբҔԖޑख़ाᔼᎦનǶữ୷ለޑΓᡏғߏڋ фૈǵߦᐟનϩݜϷߦೈқ፦ӝطቚமխࣝૈΚǵᆢៈЈՈᆅфૈǵׯ๓ ҢǴНှữ୷ለ֖ໆа܌ԋǶϩѤᅿচՐ҇ഁНှữ୷ለ֖ໆ่݀ӵ߄Ѥ ԛࣁพ1,359ځಒယ࿗ԯᙘ2,095 mg/100gϷᝥԯᝦ2,020 mg/100gၨଯǴ mg/100gǴလиԯᝯНှữ୷ለ֖ໆၨեࣁ497 mg/100gǶΓᡏѸሡữ୷ለ֖ໆҭ ೈқ፦ޑԖᙦڀࡰрพزԖ࣬՟ᖿ༈Ǵаಒယ࿗ԯᙘϷᝥԯᝦၨଯǶΓࣴ พ่݀زϷӭᅿữ୷ለᅿᜪǴх֖8ᅿΓᡏѸሡữ୷ለ(Slupski et al., 2010)Ƕҁࣴ 676่݀ز֖ԖΓᡏѸሡữ୷ለ613.53 mg/100gǴᆶSlupskiΓ(2010)ࣴ ΓᡏѸሡữ୷ለǶ(2013)߄Ңလиԯᝯޑmg/100g࣬߈Ǵ߄Ңพ֖Ԗᙦ ᆶΓᡏሡाໆΜϩٯԖ18ᅿữ୷ለǴх֖8ᅿΓᡏѸሡữ୷ለǴЪ࣬ϕ่ᄬК֖ ่݀زഢǴᆶΓࣴڀ17ᅿữ୷ለǴလиԯᝯ֡ޑϩନՅữለѦزௗ߈Ƕҁࣴ ໒วԋଯೈқᔼᎦံкࠔϐወڀ࣬үǴ߄Ңလиԯᝯ֖ԖᙦЪᓬ፦ữ୷ለǴ ữ୷ለ֖ໆǴЪΓᡏѸሡữ୷ޑᡉҢಒယ࿗ԯᙘϷᝥԯᝦԖᙦ่݀زΚǶҁࣴ Ƕزữ୷ለᔼᎦٰྍǴՠҞค࣬ᜢΓࣴޑଯǴࢂόᒱٯКޑለ
ϖǵᕴ⇌֖ໆ
⇌Ƕނᜪϯӝ⇌ܭૡનǵߙન֡ឦٽᅿᜪᕷӭǴӵ✉ᜪǵނᜪϯӝ⇌ բҔǴ܄ݹלϯૈΚǴϷӭᅿߥ଼фૈǴӵமϯՈᆅᆅᏛǴ਼לޑԖ࣬மڀᜪ
73 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Ǵٛ܄ࢲޑฯϯբҔރેๆלਏҔǴޑӕਏ݀ǴቚமᆢғનCڐᆶᆢғનCԖ ᔼᎦӢηǴלᅿᜪᕷӭǴ⇌ለ߾ࣁނᕎբҔǶӢ⇌ᜪϯӝלǴלៈᒟ্Ǵ ϩǶҞϩလиԯᝯǵᝥԯᝦǵพϷಒယ࿗ԯᙘѤᅿচ҇ഁ׳ሡ Ꭹځᕴ⇌֖ໆ่݀ӵკϖǶѤᅿഁᕴ⇌֖ໆаᝥԯᝦനଯ2,514 mg/100gǴޑ ٩ԛࣁพ280 mg/100gǴಒယ࿗ԯᙘ190 mg/100g လиԯᝯ8 mg/100gǶ ܭmg/100g FWǴଯ 72.78ܭϩလиԯᝯᕴ⇌֖ໆࣁ24.26 mg/g DWǴ࣬(2014) ޑϯૈΚ࣬ᜢǴᝥԯᝦ਼לکໆ֖ނдഁեǶ⇌ᜪϯӝځҁ၂ᡍ่݀Ǵՠϝၨ ѱ୧ـதܭᕴ⇌֖ໆҭଯޑдഁǶพϷಒယ࿗ԯᙘځܭᕴ⇌֖ໆँрǴᇻଯ ጫ(ଯ87 mg/100gǵλқ96 mg/100g)Ƕ
่ፕ!
ጪࣁᆵख़ाޑচՐ҇ӦϐǴߥԖᙦޑচՐ҇ഁ१Ўϯᆶഁ ᡂϯǶۑഁǴЪᒿޑচՐ҇ՅڀӚԄӚኬډـၗྍǶጪѱதё מǴࣴวቶӭᅿഁਭزচՐ҇ၭวϐ࣬ᜢࣴܭጪၭׯؼठΚ চՐޑᆶᔼᎦሽॶ܄αڀࡷᒧѤᅿঋزϩഁᔼᎦԋϩǴҁࣴǶϞೌ ҇ഁ (လиԯᝯ Nostoc Commune Vauch.ǵᝥԯᝦ Gonostegia hirta (Blume) Miq.ǵพ Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Ktze.ǵಒယ࿗ԯᙘ Cardamine flexuosa ⇌፦ǵНှữ୷ለϷᕴނё१ϩϐᔼᎦԋϩǵᆢғનǵځWith.)Ǵ ޑᓬ౦ϐೀǶလиԯᝯǴΞᆀΓځໆǶϩ่݀ᡉҢѤᅿഁᔼᎦԋϩӚԖ֖ ፦Ǵ៓֖ໆଯၲ 7.93 mg/100 g FWǴિެ֖ໆཱུե(0.02 g/100g៓ޑఽǴ֖Ԗᙦ Ԗ໒วԋեિଯೈқߥ଼१ࠔϐወΚǶᝥڀFW)Ǵಉೈқ֖ໆଯၲ 29.3% DWǴ ᆢғનϷޑᔼᎦԋϩᙦǴҭ֖ԖᙦނಉೈқǵಉᠼᆢϷᅹНϯӝޑԯᝦ ⇌፦Ǵᆢғન C ֖ໆࣁ 74 mg/100 g FWǴβ-चᡀጱનࣁ 2,712 μg/100gǴЪᕴނ ഁǶพޑϯ਼לдഁǴࢂଯᠼଯځܭໆଯၲ 2,514 mg/100 g FWǴᇻଯ֖ ፦ǴނёαǴΞᆀફՋើǶ֖ԖᙦښǴЪऍ܄ნלԖڀǴނࣁੇᔭ ጫᙦǶಒယ࿗ԯᙘ֖ԖᙦᆢғનǵѸሡữ୷ለـᔼᎦԋϩҭКӭѱ୧த g ᗲख़Ԗ 45 mgǴѸሡữ୷ለ 950.73 mg/100gǴ៓ 100 Ϸ៓፦Ǵᆢғન C ֖ໆ ғޑښ॥ڀǴё໒วࣁձښԖਸ҃॥ڀ፦ 8.78 mg/100gǶಒယ࿗ԯᙘ ሽॶǶޑԖቶϷճҔڀᡉҢচՐ҇ഁ֖ԖᙦᔼᎦǴߚத่݀زǶҁࣴ
ୖԵЎ
51Ƕ-50:(1)27 زໆϩ ༾ໆϡનᆶ଼ந֖ࣴޑЦߏ౺ 2010 ӦҜ6ᅿϡન ໒วճҔ ғځᔮሽॶϷޑഁӦЕԸـЦᛄǵՖΐैǵླྀλ 2011 Ջчத ނᏢ೯ൔ 46(7):6-8Ƕ ഁ―พ ጪၭૻ 80:18-19Ƕ᠁ੇ 2012 کӄύ ഁɡᝥԯᝦ ጪၭૻ 86:13-14Ƕޑ٫܄ऐН 2013 کӄύ
74 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ӝೱុ௦ԏϐഁਭ ጪၭૻ 95:24-25Ƕ 2016 کӄύ ฯϯރેๆלLDL਼ϯբҔϷלނڗߪኾ 2015 คࢥၭݤਭᅿϐᓪဗН ᅺγፕЎǶ܌زࣴמࣽނύξᙴᏢεᏢғϯᄤғ زϐࣴ ᕎ ύξᙴᏢεᏢғطᠼᆢϯϷطаAAFᇨᏤεႵڋނڗܱণ 2008 ᓪဗ ᅺγፕЎǶ܌زࣴמࣽނϯᄤғ ᆵܿ زϯૈΚϐ਼ࣴלৎҏ 2012 ᆵܿӦՅጫᔼᎦԋϩǴለ֖ໆϷ݅ ൔ 22:1-10Ƕ༼زၭׯؼࣴ ڋวݹᐒלႵᜪѮᏘಒझਲ਼RAW264.7ϐܭբҔނ୯፵ 2009 ᓪဗယηН݅ ᅺγፕЎǶ܌زᏢࣴނϯᏢϯᄤϩηғނ ୯ҥᆵεᏢғ ϐ ύξᙴᏢεᏢғڋᕎբҔϷϩηᐒطלǵطߥނڗඁऍ 2008 ᓪဗ݅ റγፕЎǶ܌زࣴמࣽނϯᄤғ ᗐϯբҔϩ ୯ҥᆵלϯૈΚϷ਼לϐނڗᑣ 2013 ᓪဗယТ95%ଚᆒےߠ ᅺγፕЎǶ܌زεᏢ༜᛬Ꮲࣴ ύξᙴᏢεزᕎಒझᙯ౽ϐࣴطڋނڗϷӭ⇌ނڗࡼ؉݊ 2008 ᓪဗН ᅺγፕЎǶ܌زࣴמࣽނᏢғϯᄤғ ߙੇය زᔮሽॶϷ໒วճҔࣴޑभभǵΙݯ҇ǵഋլᓪ 2013 ӦЕԸ т22Ǻ34-42Ƕ ǵԙఃᝑǵϑᝊǵ૽ᆄǵЀᅺ༿ 2014 ഁғӦЕԸۂబमǵλۑγਁǵ Ꮲᚇᇞ31(3):52-59Ƕނᆶϩ ғۓໆෳ֖ނύԛғжᖴౢ ЬाᔼᎦԋϩϩ ቶՋৣଣᏢൔޑ੧ᝯۺৎᄪǵणǵමз፵ 1998 ද೯ 15(4):68-69Ƕ ୯ҥᆵܿεᏢғ زྼ 2007 ѠܿᎹഩၲᎹᅦլပᝥԯᝦ҉ុ௦ϐࣴ ᅺγፕЎǶ܌زࣽᏢࣴڮ ႀữለ䁙ڋϩη܄ӄǵጰઽᄆǵ݅ҥǵ݅▰ǵࡼપӄ 2015 ύᛰࢲܮഋ ϐऍқԋϩ ᆵύᙴᙴᏢᚇᇞ 13:29-41Ƕ 3:7-8Ƕמ᐀ݢǵԖྷ 1999 ӦҜᔼᎦԋϩϩᆶຑሽ ߙੇࣽ ᕎಒطᇨᏤΓᜪނܜໜ 2006 พ(Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Ktze. )ಉ໋ླྀ झਲ਼HepG2ಒझຼයଶᅉϷಒझΫϐϩηᐒᙯ ύ୯ᙴᛰεᏢύ୯ᛰᏢࣴ ᅺγፕЎǶ܌ز ܄ϯࢲ਼לځϷڗගޑ✉ယࡾǵလিǵԙࣿࠂǵࣿǵֺണ 2014 ᝥԯᛯᕴ ଯਠϯᏢπำᏢൔ p.911-917Ƕ ⥞ᓪ, इጪ, ᗬሎੇ, ഋϏ 2010 ӦҜᔼᎦԋϩϩᆶຑሽ ᔼᎦᏢൔ 32(1):97-98Ƕ ύξᙴᏢεᏢ زᕎಒझΫϷᐒᙯϐࣴطϷӭ⇌ठނڗ։ 2008 ᓪဗНٵᗛ ᅺγፕЎǶ܌زࣴמࣽނғϯᄤғ Ջ زࣴ܄ϯࢲ਼לޑᗬລܿǵचੇమǵ⍍ǵᄪብǵЦ᐀࣓ 2013 ᝥԯᛯӭᑗ ࠄ҇εᏢᏢൔǶ
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AOAC (1990) Methods of Analysis. 15th Edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington. Azevedo-Meleiro, C. H. and D. B. Rodriguez-Amaya, 2005 Carotenoids of endive and New Zealand spinach as affected by maturity, season and minimal processing. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 18:845-855. Briones, M. P. P., K. Hori, M. R. Martinez-Goss, G. Ishibashi, and T. Okita. 1997 A comparison of physical properties, oxalate-oxalic acid soluble substances, protein content, and in vitro protein digestibility of the blue-green alga Nostoc commune Vauch. from the Philippines and Japan. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 50(4):287-294. Kalita, P., H. Tag, H. N. Sarma, and A. K. Das, 2014 Evaluation of nutritional potential of five unexplored wild edible food plants from Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot region (India). Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering 8(3):215-218. Kanekiyo, K., J.B. Lee, K. Hayashi, H. Takenaka, Y. Hayakawa, S. Endo, and T. Hayashi. 2005. Isolation of an antiviral polysaccharide, nostoflan, from a terrestrial cyanobacterium, Nostoc flagelliforme. J. Nat. Prod. 68:1037-1041. Pelletier, O. (1985) Vitamin C, (L-Ascorbic and Dehydro-L-Ascorbic Acids). In: Augustin, J., Klein, B., Becker, D. and Venugopal, P., Eds., Methods of Vitamin Assay, 4th Edition, Wiley, New York, p.303-347. Savage, G., A. Ross, S. Mason, and L. Vanhanen. 2000. Effect of cooking on the soluble and insoluble oxalate content of some New Zealand foods. J. Food Composition And Analysis 13:201-206. Simpson, R. J., M. R. Neuberger and T. Y. Liu 1976 Complete amino acid analysis of proteins from a single hydrolysate. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 251(7):1936-1940. Slupski, J., J. Achrem-Achremowicz, Z. Lisiewska and A. Korus, 2010 Effect of processing on the amino acid content of New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides Pall. Kuntze). Journal of Food Science & Technology 45(8):1682-1688. Tamaru, Y., Y. Takani, T. Yoshida, and T. Sakamoto. 2005. Crucial role of extracellular polysaccharides in desiccation and freezing tolerance in the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune. App. Environ. Microbiol., 71, p.7327-7333 . Wong, J. Y., P. Matanjun, Y. B. Ooi, and K. F. Chia. 2013 Characterization of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, vitamins and antioxidant activities of selected Malaysian wild edible plants. Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 64(5):621-631.
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Zhang, H., X. Wang, S. Yang, L. Feng, and J. Li. 2015 Study on Antioxidant of polysaccharide from Nostoc commum Vauch American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 3(6):158-161.
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Nutritional Values of Four Hualien Indigenous Vegetables ―Nostoc CommuneǵGonostegia hirtaǵTetragonia tetragonoidesǵCardamine flexuosa
Chih-Ying Yu1, Ting-Zhu Zhan1, Wan-Jen Wu2, Ray-Yu Yang2, Jong-Ho Chyuan1, Yu-Che Yeh1, Shu-Yuan Chiou1, Chin-Tsun Chen1
1 Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Hualien. 2 World Vegetable Center, Tainan.
Abstract Hualien county locates in eastern Taiwan and is the major area where Amei aboriginal group live. Hualien is rich in wild edible plants that aboriginal have collected and consumed for centuries. Some of the edible plants have been cultivated and sold in local markets, however many of them were nor known for their nutritional values. The study selected four important aboriginal vegetables (Nostoc commune, Gonostegia hirta, Tetragonia tetragonoides, and Cardamine flexuosa) and analyzed the leaves and stems for nutrient contents of vitamins, minerals, amino acid and the total phenolis. The result showed that (1) Nostoc commune was rich in iron (7.93 mg/100g FW) and protein (29.3% DW), and low in fat (0.02g/100g FW); (2) Gonostegia hirta is rich in vitamin C (74 mg/100g FW) and β-carotene (2,712 μg/100g FW) and high in total phenolics (2,514 mg/100g); (3) Tetragonia tetragonoides, a delicious seashore plant, contained abundant minerals; and (4) Cardamine flexuosa with special mustard flavor that could be used in salads, was rich in vitamin C (45mg /100g FW), essential amino acids (950.73 mg/100g FW) and iron (8.78 mg/100g FW). The study showed that all the four aboriginal vegetables contain high levels of macronutrients and deserve promotion for greater production and consumption.
Keywords: Native plants, Ethnobotany, Micronutrients, Amino acids, Phenolic components, Amei aborigine
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კǵလиԯᝯ (Nostoc Commune) კΒǵᝥԯᝦ (Gonostegia hirta) Fig. 1. Star jelly. (Nostoc Commune) Fig. 2. Hairy Pouzolzia. (Gonostegia hirta)
(კΟǵพ (Tetragonia tetragonoides) კѤǵಒယ࿗ԯᙘ (Cardamine flexuosa Fig. 3. New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia Fig. 4. Cardamine flexuosa tetragonoides)
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߄ǵ ѤᅿഁޑᔼᎦԋϩϩ Table 1. The content of main nutrition components of 4 plants, g/100g of edible portion. ᅿᜪ Нϩ ಉೈқ ಉᠼᆢ ಉિެ ᅹНϯӝނ Ԫϩ ໆ Species Moisture Protein Fiber Rude fate Carbonhydrate Ash Calories (g/100g) (g/100g) (g/100g) (g/100g) (g/100g) (g/100g) (kcal/100g) လиԯᝯ 97 0.88 0.16 0.02 1.62 0.32 10.18 Nostoc commune ᝥԯᝦ 80.2 3.64 2.53 0.13 10.65 2.85 58.33 Gonostegia hirta พ 90.5 2.33 1.14 0.09 4.11 1.83 26.57 Tetragonia tetragonoides ಒယ࿗ԯᙘ 90.2 2.38 1.71 0.23 4.24 1.24 28.55 Cardamine flexuosa
ᆢғન֖ໆϩޑ߄ΒǵѤᅿഁ Table 2. The content of vitamins of 4 plants, per 100g edible portion. ᅿᜪ(Species) ᆢғન A ਏΚ(Vitamin A) ͊-चᡀጱન(͊-carotene) ᆢғન C(Vitamin C) (͔g- RE/ 100g) (͔g/ 100g) (mg/ 100g) လиԯᝯ 27.55 165 N.D. Nostoc commune ᝥԯᝦ 452 2712 74 Gonostegia hirta พ 327.5 1965 39 Tetragonia tetragonoides ಒယ࿗ԯᙘ 339.6 2037 45 Cardamine flexuosa
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፦ϡન֖ໆނޑ߄ΟǵѤᅿഁ Table 3. The contents of mineral elements of 4 plants, mg/100g edible portion. ᅿᜪ(Species) Ca K Na Mg Fe Zn လиԯᝯ 58.84 3.83 3.14 7.47 7.93 0.04 Nostoc commune ᝥԯᝦ 676.23 397.48 23.51 97.35 5.22 0.39 Gonostegia hirta พ 139.58 477.58 115.85 16.22 3.19 0.21 Tetragonia tetragonoides ಒယ࿗ԯᙘ 166.60 296.08 8.10 36.86 8.78 0.46 Cardamine flexuosa
߄ѤǵѤᅿഁޑНှữ୷ለಔԋϩ Table 4. Amino acid composition of 4 plants, mg/100g of edible portion. Amino acid လиԯᝯ ᝥԯᝦ พ ಒယ࿗ԯᙘ (mg/100g) Nostoc Gonostegia Tetragonia Cardamine commune hirta tetragonoides flexuosa Isoleucine 27.69 97.33 60.13 94.25 Leucine 35.65 199.01 124.56 192.36 Lysine 16.78 137.20 101.23 159.79 Arginine 38.96 126.13 84.23 129.6 Methionine 3.4 29.66 N.D. N.D. Phenylalanine 28.34 116.48 75.46 116.28 Threonine 47.33 101.57 69.38 106.63 Valine 33.34 98.76 64.26 102.31 Histidine 2.73 46.51 34.28 49.51 Total essential 234.22 952.65 613.53 950.73 amino acids Cystine 2.20 6.13 8.45 14.06 Aspartic acid 81.53 212.21 140.73 225.16 Glutamic acid 53.52 241.82 179.15 288.3 Serine 27.60 100.76 69.63 107.58 Proline 14.05 166.46 115.36 165.85 Glycine 34.53 122.36 85.95 125.22 Alanine 38.87 136.65 87.97 139.65 Tyrosine 10.73 81.30 58.65 78.55 Total nonessential 263.03 1067.69 745.89 1144.37 amino acids Total hydrolysed 497 2020 1359 2095 amino acids
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2500
2000
1500
1000 Total phenolic (mg/100g) 500
0 ABCD ᕴ⇌֖ໆǶA.လиԯᝯ B.ᝥԯᝦ C.พ D.ಒယ࿗ԯᙘޑკϖǵѤᅿഁ Fig. 5. Total phenolic content of 4 plants, mg/100g edible portion. A. Nostoc commune, B. Gonostegia hirta, C. Tetragonia tetragonoides, D. Cardamine flexuosa
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চໂՅբނၭౢวჴ୍ᡍ
ࢫǵᖙ࣓ǵᖴᡕϥ
୯ҥကεᏢ
ᄔा
Ўϯख़ڀǵ໒วפၭౢጲࠁวǴӚပᑈཱུ൨ނՅբޑ߈ԃচໂӦ ߥᅿǵൺػǴԋޑسՉԖۈǴ٠໒ނբޑाཀကЪૈϸࢀပՅ շࠄᑜѠচՐ҇ڐख़ाᕉǶҁЎಃϩջаჴሞޑပၭౢวύ ӦচғނፓޑᡍǴவՅբނၭౢวޑྗഢ໘ࢤϪΕǴևவҁӦ ၗྍፓǵᑔᒧǵᕷൺػԶԿуπނޑၸำύނԋࣁՅբډวނচғ ғౢǵᔼޑჴሞբݤǶќϩ߾வՅၭౢวύǵࡕය໘ࢤޑౢࠔ໒ว ڜϖᆅૈΚϩٰᔠຎကᑜߓٚξၽᑐ༜ޑᆅϷՉᎍय़ϪΕǴаҾᆅ ϣᜢᗖӢޑж߄Ǵԋфวޑଢ଼ౢڜࠄѠวঁٿଢ଼ȋڜଢ଼Ϸࡀܿᑜੀݓ નǶ ȨჹډפǴаȨӦᅿȩǴΨ൩ࢂाӃނǴӧวচՐ҇ՅբقᡏԶ ޑഢౢᎍၗྍڀࢂ܈λၭޑനࣁᜢᗖǴԶόፕൂѺᐱରวࠔจۺཷޑȩނբޑ ǵౢࠔࠔ፦ϷࣴೌמౢࠔȩѦǴᗋाჹගϲޑౢᎍǴନΑѸԖȨჹ܈ޗӝբ ǴωૈԋфวՅၭౢǶाךԾޑวૈΚԖόᘐ
ଢ଼ڜଢ଼ౢǵᆒࠔڜǵނǵҁӦচғނᜢᗖӷǽচՐ҇Յբ
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قǵ
ܭჴᛠޣமፓ܌ځᜢᗖၗྍǴޑΏচՐ҇ӦวՅၭނՅբ Ƕ܄жڗᆶόё܄ǵีԖ܄ǵᐱ܄ԖϐӧӦڀ܌ނȨՅȩΒӷǴҭջ၀բ ਭᐕўǵӦޑӧӦނ൳ӢનǴхࡴ၀բܭ،ڗԋЬाޑȨՅȩ ےӧပғࢲቫय़ϷӧЎϯǵځԾฅǵӦǵংᕉნచҹǴаޑӝਭᅿ аԾฅ܈аคࢥԖᐒ܈аځǶନԜϐѦǴ܄ՅϷж߄فޑᄽת܌௲ǵᔮ ޑϷ१ࠔӼӄۺϣ֖ϐᔼᎦሽॶ҅಄ӝж଼ந१ཷځၭݤਭϐБԄǴаϷ ՅբޑаᇥऀΑǴচໂ܌ख़ाӢનϐǶޑǴҭԋࣁ༟Յǵ႖ѱሡ аวՅ܌൩ࢂЎϯǶޑນ܌ǴԶࢂՅǹԶՅނჴόࢂբځޑǴೡ୧ނ ჴࢂӧวᅿЎϯബཀౢǶځᇥǴٰޑၭౢǴቶကނբ
ϣӧᓬ༈ǴޑഢวወΚڀዴޑނวచҹᇥܴ၀ՅբޑฅǴа ՠाԋࣁՅၭౢǴ༈ѸϝሡѦуߥᅿǵᒧᅿǵػᅿၭ᛬ࡼǴаϷᑼΕё מᆅǵੰᙝ্ᆅжਭᆅޥӢᔈংᡂᎂǵቚуၭፓϐβᝆᆶ ǵၭౢࠔуπᆶՉᎍᆅϐచҹǴБёวච࣬ϕу४زǴаϷΓΚၗྍᆶࣴೌ ਏ݀ǴԶ٬၀ՅբԖᐒᙯϯࣁӧӦՅࠔǴ٠่ӝдၭǵβӦǵޑ ၭౢᝡݾΚځฯᡏഢϷՅЎϯӭय़ӛၗྍӅӕࡌᄬౢሽॶᗗǴаගଯ ҞǶޑᙯϯԋёቚуၭ҇ԏΕǵӦБวނǴԶБёၲԋஒՅբϐा
ೀӦ܌ӵচՐ҇ӦၭӦٯኳԄ٠ߚค۳όճǶޑᏹբǴ೭ኬޑՠӧჴሞ ճҔҭӢӦޑǴပჹβӦ܄ǵӦǵӦ፦ᆶβᝆܘੇޑᕉნӚԖόӕ ೕኳǴՠڀၮҔǹᅿय़ᑈᗨၨόޑǵวචബཀǴԶӧλय़ᑈύനεਏەڋ εՅǶѝࢂ೭ᅿβӦޑၭౢวځ1Ǵԋࣁ ܄ғౢӭኬޑԖଯࡋڀ চ߾ϕ࣬ᤦޑᔮਏڀೕኳБۓமፓሡၲ܌БԄᆶжၭౢวޑճҔ હբБԄᆶޑжޣࡷᏯǶӆޑࡐεډਭၶޑނǴΨ٬ளӧቶՅբ Ўϯೱ่ࡋόుΕǴ֡ԋޑᆶပނᅿБԄόӕǴЪ٤Յբޑပ ᜤǶ֚ޑӧғౢહᅿϷࡕុՉᎍว
ᡍрวǴޑނշӦБࡹ۬วՅբڐॺջӃаၸѐමჴሞךӢԜ ᑔᒧǵൺػԶԿуπᔈҔǶ٠ᇥޑނъࢤǴҭջՅբޑՅၭౢวܭख़ ࡕុวٮբࣁёޣύᒧଯᔮਏނӵՖ٩ྣҞѱϐวǴவচғܴ ԵǶќϩୖޑբࣁࡕុቶၭ҇ᅿٮ࣬ᜢౢࠔǴගځᅿᜪǴ٠໒วނբޑ ၨ߈Ӧጔᜢ߯ڀғౢǵᆅϷՉᎍǴаᆶကεᏢޑ߾ख़ӧՅౢวࡕࢤ ڜଢ଼ϷրᎹڜၽᑐ༜ޑଢ଼ౢڜӦচໂǴҞԋфวပٿကϷࡀܿޑ ଢ଼ࣁჹຝǴၸҾᆅԖᜢғౢᆶբᆅǵՉᎍᆅǵΓΚၗྍᆅǵࣴ ԋځϖᆅϩǴٰᔠຎޑวᆅǵ୍ᆅ 5 ᙁᆀȨౢǵᎍǵΓǵวǵȩ ࡌǴբࣁࡕុচໂՅၭౢวٮϣᜢᗖӢનǴ٠ගޑଢ଼ౢڜфว ޑୖԵǶ
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Βǵঁਢᙁϟ—ࠄᑜϐᡍ
ᗄচՐ҇Ӧ܌҇୯ 99 ԃǴջୖᆶࠄᑜࡹ۬၀ᑜܭεচՐ҇ύЈ ڐъࢤǴҭջޑวǴЬाπբख़ӧՅౢวޑނϷᛰҔނচғ ၗྍ 4ǶނբޑวወΚЪёӦᅿڀԖӦՅǵڀפշ൨
ࠄᑜნх֖ 5 ঁচՐ҇ဂǴϩձࢂੀǵᖻቺլǵѲၭǵ߉Ϸ ЎزճҔБԄӭԖࣴނ࣬ჹၨϿѦǴεϩဂϐزࣴނޑၽǴନ߉ ڂѲၭΏѠচՐ҇ύޑύߞကໂځ٩ᏵǶޑނёୖԵǴёբࣁวՅբ ࣁЬǴکаλԯǵؾᓐǵᑳᖘǵӀ݀ᓪဗǵࡿނଯξۚ҇ǴЬा҇ޑࠠ ߈ԃٰϝӧ٬ނǴπ᛬ϷᛰҔےǵํҐǵᑳनǵၸྎᑱࣁεل௵߾аނᔮբ ǶҞനதճނЛߎലǵᛥМᡶጥЕކԖξලǵᛯǵДਲǵϖؽǵޣҔ ǵξǵઇѲηǵแǵངҏǵلԖλԯǵؾᓐǵᐋᖘǵᐋނՅբ܈ނ҇ޑҔ ഒᄨǵϖؽǵᛯǵДਲǵՆǶԶࠄᑜნϐќεচՐ҇ဂࣁੀǴ ጳǵξڈǵڈԖഌዿǵλԯǵҒᛱǵᑴǵढഞǵᚈय़ނ҇ޑҞϝӧ٬Ҕ चǵᘜނǴΨԖӭᎦғߥ଼१ࠔӧѱय़ೡ୧Ƕ
ᡯ)) фૈǴаځၗϷҁǴ٠ϩނ҇ޑӦۓӃᇆǵፓǵ᠘ .1 ࡌҥ࣬ᜢၗǶ ᅿࣁჹຝǴၸ SWOTނނǴаঁձբϷሡ܄ϐҞѱۓ܌٩ .2 ǶނংᒧޑࡕុуπቶወΚڀଯᔮਏǴ٠ڀϩǴຑǵᑔᒧ ᅿǴՉߥ଼Ꭶғ࣬ᜢуπ१ࠔϐ໒ 5 ނѱࠔሽॶڀຑ٠ᒧ .3 วǶ ໔ǴаࣧਭБԄՉλय़ᑈᕷǵਭϷൺػǴаճຑޜճҔҢጄ༜ .4 ނǴ٠բࣁࡌҥȨࠄᑜচՐ҇Ӧচғ܄ёՉޑނբࣁӦБՅբځ ༜ȩϐೕჄୖԵǶ 5. ᒤচՐ҇চғނቶ܈ᢀነࢲǴၸ१ࠔуπ૽ግǵ၂ӞϷࢲ౻ ߙϐуπ१ࠔǶޣڙനښࡋଯǵαڙᒧǴᒧрѱௗ ӝࠄᑜচໂӦၭ҇ՉਭᅿǶ่ .6
(Β)ԋ݀ ၗᇆᆶፓǴੀऊ 200 ᅿǵѲၭނԋࠄᑜϣӚဂϐֹ҇ .1 ύ٩Ҕځऊ 60 ᅿǵၽऊ 70 ᅿǵᖻቺլऊ 100 ᅿǵ߉ऊ 70 ᅿǴ ᝅҔǵᛰҔǵڟҔǵ१ᡶжҔǵᇙଚҔǵ႟१ښᜪձёϩࣁ१Ҕǵፓ дҔځҔǵᠼᆢҔǵࡌᑐҔǵڀࢱᅗҔǵࢉҔǵးႬҔǵࢥങҔǵᏔ ޑᆶЎϯޕᆶߥӸॊ 5 ဂϐғᄊ܍ډᅿ(ӵ߄)Ǵନёၲ 14 фૈǴ࣬ᜢচғނၗૻᆶޕҭёբࣁВࡕวচғނϷՅբނਭ բࣁှᇥ௲ػख़ाᚒǴкჴচՐ҇ӦғᄊਓٮϐୖԵǴӕਔҭёග ၯౢࠔϷ࣬ᜢပౢϐϣ఼Ƕ
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วڀǴᑔᒧǵр 50~60 ᅿ܄Ϸౢࠔ܄ǵ१Ҕ܄ǵᛰҔރ܄ނ٩ .2 Ǵֹނᒦᒧр 33 ᅿ܄१ҔϷᛰҔϐЬाځǴ٠٩ނወΚϐ҇բ ԋঁձϐ SWOT ϩǴԶӆᒧр 12 ᅿނǴҬҗ१ࠔࣽᏢሦୱৎ ጳǵξच(ଭ)ǵβԺਦǵλԯǵआ㈻ڈՉౢࠔ໒ว၂Ǵനࡕᒧр Ǵ٠໒วрБ༧(ࣤࡆ)ǵೈނǵӝቶՉᎍϐ܄ѱ໒วڀᅿ 5 ન१ϐѦǴٮύБ༧Ϸᜮᓐନёځ 5 ౢࠔǴ ښ ǵᜮ ᓐǵ३ ဉǵፓ Ꭶғߥ଼фૈǶځҭёቶ ጳǵҡጪڈϖуǵڈҢጄ༜ԋфൺػξचǵआ㈻ǵނࠄᑜচғܭ .3 ǵߎጕጪǵᒴើԺਦ 7 ᅿभЕ(ӵკ)Ƕ ቶᆶ҂ٰวނᇙբϐуπࠔǴЪᖐᒤ҇زϷࣴނᒧр 5 ᅿ҇ .4 ճҔϷуπࣴಞᆶуπ१ࠔ၂ӞࢲǴ٠ᜄଌނፐำǴϣх֖҇ ܭभЕǴᙖаගଯۚ҇ᅿཀᜫϷۚ҇ୖᆶࢲϐᇨӢǶΖДҽނ҇ Ѡчξ᛬ЎୖуΖΖНؠຼԃख़ࡌᜢᚶࢲǴഢԖೈǵࣤࡆ(Б ቶࢲ౻ᒧٿ҇၂Ӟᆶ౻ᒧǴٮښ༧)Ϸ३ဉ 3 ᅿౢࠔӚ 5 ᅿα ڙനښ߆Ǵೈаआ㈻ϷλԯαڙനښύǴࣤࡆаξचϷआ㈻α ഻ངǴёᙖҗࢲ౻ᒧрٰϐౢࠔനڙനښጳαڈ߆Ǵ३ဉ߾аξचᆶ ࣁᅟࡕቶϐࡌǶ
86 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ճҔނ߄ǵࠄᑜӚচՐ҇ဂ҇ Table 1. Plants used by five indigenous groups – Atayal, Bunun, Tsou, Thou, and Sediq, in Nantou County. ဂ0ނύЎӜᆀ Ҕ ੀ (Atayal) ᓪဗǵӀ݀ᓪဗǵλԯǵၸྎᑱǵᛯǵਦԮǵၡⶊǵරϺǵ१ǵങညǵ १Ҕ ǵکǵࡿلᑱǵДਲǵϖؽǵОࣅ҆ǵࠈΓᒗǵᛥМᡶጥЕǵξǵؾᓐǵᐋ ηǵਬ╘ǵξ݂݃ǵΎယ݄ǵѠᑴǵพҡᄱǵқӦҐǵߎଞǵҒᛱǵξသ थǵᖓǵѠԺਦ !ښΐᨚǵᖖǵξच! ፓ !ᓪဗǵӀ݀ᓪဗǵၡⶊǵරϺǵᑱǵѠීоǵढഞǵДਲǵክᐋǵϖؽǵΐᨚǵ ᛰҔ ᛥМᡶጥЕǵᖖǵؾᓐǵᝳဘǵ०ᓪඓՈǵߎଞǵԃ݊ǵѠࡧ࢙ǵФѪᄨǵЛӦ ηǵΟқǵѠങᛯǵလᛯǵښᖌǵѠᐛើǵξသथǵᐱǵѠߎጕጪǵࠄϖ ⑫ᙵǵ߁လǵधཿǵࠆෘᐋǵ๋ǵΐᓐྰηǵًǵᢲମǵқतǵ⏣ᇀǵ لᖓǵለᛯǵѠԭӝǵҡ⏣ᇀǵधथǵၸξᓪǵǵੇߎǵհమǵጪ ጪǵѠϷρǵΖиǵਲǵआဏᝌႋηǵӦᒸǵΟفǵҖжМᐛើǵѠԺਦǵΖ ယဟǵߎϱਔǵߙФᖌǵ๋ङǵΩ१࿙ǵඦݢǵΐЕǵНߎ٧ǵઇѲਜ਼ǵह !இؾۄमǵᖓယՆય३ǵယՆય३ǵѠߙؾǵѠفǵॹӦဩ૮ǵἐऴǵϤ !இؾǵᛯǵคη! ғࢲۄ !ڀਦԮǵεယཱིǵΐᨚǵਜ਼Јҡǵਬ╘! π !ߎዬ! π᛬فѠΖ ξഞ! ᖒਮ! ξഞǵᄬᐋǵढഞǵѠ⬰! ՊႬ! คη! ࣍ᘪ! ረ॥! ౼ޘ! Ѳၭ(Bunun)! ! १ǵξचǵεࣿੇǵДਲǵᢲମǵᓪဗǵӀ݀ᓪဗǵᛥМᡶጥЕǵआဏᝌ १Ҕ! ႋηǵᄬᐋǵξသथǵआํጕǵѠβលୖǵОࣅ҆ǵΐᨚǵξᆺǵ฿ᐋǵؾᓐǵ ЎਸើǵࠄҐǵЕ⩁ǵพҡᄱǵѠᐛើǵӦҐǵॢǵ߁ǵѠλယਬǵᓪᠣǵ ǵ⽋ᴦǵξලǵکೂᴰǵᐋᖘǵ๋⑫ᙵǵ๋ङǵ๋ǵํҐǵഁғพनǵ࢈ǵࡿ ಿǵλԯڈ३╕ǵξǵၸྎᑱǵৎξᛰǵ १ǵξလǵДਲǵᢲମǵᓪဗǵӀ݀ᓪဗǵआဏᝌႋηǵങညǵФѪᄨǵЛጪ ᛰҔ! ǵξသथǵआํጕǵѠβលୖǵОࣅ҆ǵੇߎǵࠄ୯λᖜǵ๋ङԃߙǵЎਸ இؾǵѠߎጕጪǵѠᐛើǵқᡫǵ֖ಚǵߏۄើǵࠄҐǵЕ⩁ǵพҡᄱǵ ೈǵስܤвǵ๋ङǵ๋फಹǵํҐǵᇐټᕞЕǵѠλယਬǵଭᒙߎǵநൺΚǵ !ǵ࢈׀ !ғࢲ ܤஇؾǵӦҐǵқᓪಭǵߏᕞЕǵѠλယਬǵᇐۄஇؾǵۄᄬᐋǵξᆺǵѠ !ǵ⽋ᴦǵξලǵξکೈǵࡿ ढഞ! π᛬! ξើǵξල! ࣍ᘪ! ΐᨚǵλԯ! ౼ޘ!
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ճҔނ߄(ុ)ǵࠄᑜӚচՐ҇ဂ҇ Table 1(continue). Plants used by five indigenous groups – Atayal, Bunun, Tsou, Thou, and Sediq, in Nantou County. ဂ0ނύЎӜᆀ Ҕ ၽ(Tsou)! ! !ǵ १ҔکಿǵؾᓐǵൂᕞНဩ૮ǵࠄҐǵᓪᠣǵ๋⑫ᙵǵᛥୌǵᘓǵߎଞǵࡿڈ вټξලǵ१ǵ३ኯǵၸྎᑱǵৎξᛰǵДਲǵഁᑳनǵՆǵआስǵᐋᖘǵ !ǵངҏηǵᑴلǵѠ㈻ǵλԯǵᐋ இؾǵѠߎጕጪǵพҡᄱǵ֖ಚǵًǵ ᛰҔۄಿǵࠄ୯λᖜǵϺߐоǵࠄҐǵѠڈ ᢲମǵѠλယਬǵॢǵଝӦဩ૮ǵഁधҐǵํҐǵᇐܤೈǵεࠍᙦǵ࢈ǵ ǵᛯǵੇߎلǵ⽋ᴦǵ१ǵӀ݀ᓪဗǵआስǵᐋکǵࡿ !இؾǵӖԮǵѠλယਬǵᇐ ғࢲۄΐᨚǵξᆺǵξఙǵؾᓐǵൂᕞНဩ૮ǵѠ ܤೈǵᘓǵξලǵ१ǵДਲǵᄬᐋǵᛯǵᑴ! ΐᨚǵϺߐоǵॢ! ࣍ᘪ! ξᆺǵξǵѠ㈻ǵλԯ! ౼ޘ! ᥴ (Thao)! ! !ಿǵλԯǵഁᖖǵഁ १ҔڈᖖǵҒᛱǵ१ǵξǵؾᓐǵၸྎᑱǵӀ݀ᓪဗǵ !╕ǵ३کᑳनǵआስǵᐋᖘǵεࠍᙦǵᓪᠣǵॢǵพҡᄱǵࠄҐǵࡿ !вǵพҡᄱ! ᛰҔټ१ǵӀ݀ᓪဗǵ !ᖖǵ१ǵДਲǵؾᓐǵᛯǵഁᖖǵ⽋ᴦ! ғࢲ λԯ! ౼ޘ! ᖻቺլ (Sediq)! ! !१Ҕ ڈၸྎᑱǵᄬᐋǵқӦҐǵํҐǵᛥୌǵ⽋ᴦǵξǵӀ݀ᓪဗǵ฿ᐋǵДਲǵ ǵᛯǵᑴǵᓪᠣǵࠄҐǵᖖǵؾᓐǵλԯǵᐋᖘǵ१ǵӄጔೣلಿǵᐋ ᑱǵีηᑱǵεᑱǵངҏηǵѠ㕚ǵλ׀ᑱǵѠᡒЛᑱǵᒯᏁᚈᇂᑱǵґМስ ယਬǵНഞǵѠЕ೯ǵѠ㌱ญਲǵξ݂݃ǵξឮǵѠᝌႋηǵࢩပဗ !ښѠԺਦǵξच ፓ !ǵพҡᄱǵ३╕ǵВҁߎણᑱǵਜ਼ᑱǵѠણङᑱǵհమǵ ᛰҔلвǵᐋټӀ݀ᓪဗǵ ߏఒ๋ഞǵࠈΓᒗǵОࣅ҆ǵԍ݈ᘜǵૌǵξचǵੇߎǵଷҡ݊ǵԃ݊ǵஏ ࢙ǵൣಸڔယ ၸྎᑱǵᄬᐋǵํҐǵ⽋ᴦǵξǵӀ݀ᓪဗǵ฿ᐋǵДਲǵᛯǵᑴǵᓪᠣ ғࢲ! ⽥ǵᖖǵλԯǵξලǵ१ǵีηᑱǵεᑱǵѠՖ२ਜ਼ǵؽ⏛ǵᝳ !ڀ㐏ǵλယਬǵਜ਼ЈҡǵЛ݀ᱳЕǵεᓐૡǵҡཱི! Ꮤ !ǵৃᑱ! ၭ ѠՖ२ਜ਼ǵଭᏁಿǵߙಿ! ੬ށ ႩᎦ! !ယҡ㇛ǵεယҡ㇛ǵѠϖယ݊ǵѠΒယ݊ǵ࢛ǵѠǵआᔡǵѠࡧ࢙ǵѠ ࡌᑐ ǵߙখ㇛ǵξഞǵ㐏ǵѠ㕚ǵዬᓪЕǵढഞǵߙढഞǵОࣅ҆ǵ㚊қǵླྀه ਜ਼ЈҡǵѠԺਦǵεယഄክǵεယཱིǵ३ཱིǵϖඓཱིǵଷҡ݊ǵጲᛯǵၸξᓪ! ढഞǵНഞ! ՊႬ! พҡᄱǵ१ǵѠᡒЛᑱǵᑱǵЛယᑱǵεᑱǵФѪᄨǵѠߎކЛᑱǵλ ࣍ᘪ! ယਬǵНഞǵѠኴఊǵհమǵߏఒ๋ഞǵНᚊݨǵεࢃᑱǵਜ਼Лᑱǵεယཱིǵԯ ࿗ᱳЕǵЛ݀ᱳЕǵεᓐૡǵЕǵЕၖǵᢀॣ০ጪǵξ݂݃! λԯǵξලǵߙಿ! ౼ޘ!
88 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ߎጕጪ ҡጪ
ϖу Ժਦڈ
ጳڈ ξच भЕނൺػҢጄ༜ԋфൺػ 6 ᅿচғނࠄᑜচғܭკǵ Fig. 1. The growing seedlings of six species of indigenous plants cultivated in Nantou Native Plant Restoration and Demonstration Garden
89 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Ο)ୢᚒᆶ֚ნ) ၗྍǴεคݤբࣁЬाᔮғౢٰނճҔϐচғ܌ࠄᑜϣচໂပ .1 Ξय़ᖏ൳ୢᚒǽޣՅբวወΚ٠ёуаቶڀύځྍǴԶ ǴౢයԖज़Ƕӵλԯࣁࡾኞহԏϐԃғբ܄ۑڀӭࣁԃғǴЪ (1) Ƕ܄ԖҶڀᅿηځளǴЪڗǴԶξचभਲ਼όܰނ ࡋۘࡑගϲǴڙௗک܄ਭೕኳϷय़ᑈόεǴౢໆόଯǴਭϐදၹ (2) ၨԖୢᚒǶεໆሡޑᔈϷᔈбอਔ໔ٮߏය (3) ӭаΓπ௦ԏǴғౢԋҁၨଯǶ (4) уπ१ࠔሡࣴวଛБǴோౢࠔࣴวߎᒲǵΓΚϷਔ໔Ǵቹៜၭ҇ ΕཀᜫǶ ࣁวϷၗߎሡೌמ഻ϷଯᔸǴሡаࡼਭǴਭ܄ӵߎጕጪ (5) നεᓍǶ Ƕ܄දϷځϝឦόϦ໒Ǵคݤᘉೌמଯߕуሽॶϐуπڀϩ (6) ೱ่ޑᕉნکϣ఼ϝલϿᆶӧӦЎϯނচғ .2 ቶǴନाှ،ਭय़ϷࡕុՉᎍǵᆅޑނՅբ܈ނคፕࢂচғ วނೱ่ǴऩࢂՅբޑᆶပЎϯځࢂޑख़ा׳ୢᚒѦǴޑय़ ပ٬ҔጄᛑǴߡϿΑёගϲѱ႖ᆶᝡݾΚ܈ಥᚆပЎϯნ Ǵ܄ᆶᙦ܄ࡺ٣ޑЎϯϣ఼ǴջϿΑౢࠔङࡕޑϡનǹϿΑပӧӦޑ ځջගଯǴΨၨᜤᆶ܄жڗค౦Ǵނၭբޑғౢ܌߾ஒᆶߚচՐ҇Ӧ дՉᎍၗྍӝǴՉᡏՉᎍхးǴ҉ុวޑёૈ܄Ψε൯फ़եǶ ൺػҢጄ༜ۘԖᜤࡋሡլܺނࡌҥ҇ .3 Ӧ܄ǵਭۑϐൺػਭሡԵቾংǵނՅբ܈ނ҇ ǴࣣቹៜനࡕൺۓޑӦᗺǵελϷё٬ҔୱޑᅿǴԶ༜ൺػୱ ԋ݀Ƕޑػ ࡋϝԖࡑԵᡍڙѱௗޑໆౢૈΚᆶჴሞޑуπౢࠔ .4
Ѥ)ှ،ჹᆶࡌ) ڋೕჄᆶᐒޑࡌҥပԾЬፓᆶᅿྍᇆ .1 Ǵՠۚ҇ނϐᔮբѱሡىӭъឦёᅈނচໂပՉਭϐբ ȩᆶȨѠচՐ҇ճҔϐচғނԖϐȨՅѠচғڀ܌ပϣܭჹ ނȩϐᕕှᆶᇡ߾࣬Ԗज़ǶࣁૈԖਏቶᑜნϣচՐ҇ख़ाϐচғ ၭ҇ғౢճҔǴٮࠔᅿޑᔮਏڀрനӝǵനפǴ٠җԜӆᑔᒧނ ҖഁፓϷᅿྍᇆǴނӃՉՉচғזᔈႴᓰပອષԴ႟ǴᏃ ғౢӦՏǴ܈ճҔБԄޑଆྍǵᐕўᄽᡂǵပޑނаΑှ೭٤ ύёૈᗦ֖Αڥᆀޑނᇟჹځ٠ᏵԜࡌҥၗǴаճࡕុᔈҔǶЀ ӜϐჹނࡌҥᇟӜᆶғזǴᔈᏃޕғᄊඵችᆶޑӭӃΓ੮Π ᔈǴаխவԜѨǶ
90 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
યΕပۚ҇ୖᆶǴࡌҥჹวᚒϐӅ .2 ଯࡋЍܭрวǴࡹ۬ᔈ๏܍চՐ҇ӦϐၗྍճҔ֡߯а҉ុᆶ ѠϺฅؠ্ᓎϝԶӄౚΞय़ᖏཱུᆄং࠶ુϐሞǴࡹځᆶၗྍᷤݙǶЀ ளǵᔈҔϷᕉڗᔈୖଜচՐ҇ဂϐғᄊᢀϷғᄊඵችǴٰӢᔈၗྍϐ۬ চՐ҇ٮၸำύǴᔈගޑᙯϯࣁౢᔼᔈҔނӧ҇ځߥᚒǶЀ ΠǴаଯࡋ܍ёӧঋ៝ᕉნғᄊߥៈᆶЎϯځ໔Ǵаճޜቨቶϐ׳ပ ౢϐճҔᆶᔼǶނғᄊᢀٰՉচғ ΕޑϦߐϷᏢೌၗྍ .3 Ԗ१ࠔуπǵ१ࠔࣽᏢǵ܄၂ᡍൂՏǴаϷӦ܈ၭׯؼޑӦ ࣽᙍਠǴ܈εᏢޑ܌سᆅǵၭ᛬ǵ༜᛬ǵၭᆅނǵғמࣽނғ ǽٮᔈᑈཱུΕပᆶচՐ҇Ӧۚ҇Ϸၭ҇ௗǴග շǶڐߥᅿǵൺػǵࠔᅿׯؼϐᇶᏤᆶނচғբ (1) ፓǴ٠ࡌҥၗǶޑނշပՉ҇ڐ (2) চՐ҇ӦғᄊϷԾฅၗྍϐᔼᆅૈΚǴ٠ගܭշပமϯჹڐ (3) ғᐒϷғࢲኳޑወΚౢϐࣴวᆶᙯࠠǴബനӝပวڀϲཱུ ԄǶ ౢࠔǴගמࣽނࣁғނࡕǴЇϷᙯϯচՐ҇Ӧচғ܄ຑёՉ (4) ଯౢࠔߕуሽॶǴቚуচՐ҇ၭ҇ϐᔮԏǶ 4. ҇ނуπౢࠔ໒วϝሡߏයຑ уπౢࠔޑຑሡԵቾբނਭᆶᆅϐБߡ܄ǵуπӭኬ܄ǵౢࠔ ӢનǶҁीฝ܄ࢥނࡋϷڙࡋǵѱௗۓࠔ፦ᛙޑ໒วᜤܰࡋǵໆౢ բࣁቶჹຝǴ٠ϩނጳǵβԺਦᆶξच5ᅿڈआ㈻ǵλԯǵۓᒧ ڙևǴᗨฅނ१ޑ5ᅿࠠᄊښձаᜮᓐǵБ༧ǵ३ဉǵೈᆶፓ ຑᆶෳ၂Ǵ٠ஒᇙำޑǵᓯӸښǴՠϝሡߏයՉᇙำǵαۓሥӭޭډ วճҔǶޑပٮྗϯǴаճ౽ᙯග
ٯଢ଼ౢࣁڜౢวঁਢϩ—аނΟǵပӧӦՅբ
ੀݓ(րᎹޑଢ଼аϷࡀܿᑜੀݓໂڜၽᑐ༜ޑကᑜߓٚξໂഁܭՏ (วે๎ӭԖ࣬՟ϐೀǽ(1ځж߄ǴЪޑଢ଼ǴҞ֡ࢂচໂวՅౢڜ( ޑࢂပύ֧ШжǴЪ֡ࢂъၡрৎǴ٠аঁΓೱ่ৎ֡ނᡫሲΓޑᔼޣٿ (ଢ଼ᅿभࣁว୷ᘵǹ(3ڜޑᒪ੮Π܌Ӧ၂ᅿٿΚໆӛѦቶǹ(2)֡аВݯਔයӧ ౢ൳ޑໂচԖٿವլ॥ؠਔǴကᑜߓٚξໂϷࡀܿᑜੀݓໂ֡ࢂख़ؠǴ ٿཞǴՠΨӢࣁವլ॥ؠԶΑשε൯ډڙౢΨޑӦٿЯ྄ࢣᅰǴ ЬᚒǴӕኬаѺଯࠔ፦ޑଢ଼բࣁബڜӕኬࢂаޣٿ(ࠨᐒǹ(4ޑᙯࠠวޣ วኳԄǴჴሞࠅϝԖӭޑޣٿزଢ଼ࣁҞǶᆅӵԜǴՠऩಒڜѠᆒࠔ ӦǴჴሞٿշౢख़ࡌϷပᔼӭԛୖೖڐॺ൩аವլ॥ؠࡕך࣬౦ϐೀǶ ϖᆅૈΚϩǴҭջౢǵᎍǵΓǵวǵޑᢀჸǴ٠аҾᆅޑΑှᔼၮ
91 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
٣ޑଢ଼ౢڜᔼচໂঁٿϖঁᆅ༧Ǵٰᔠຎ೭ޑ೭ 5 ঁࡽϩπΞӝբ ॷ᜔ᆶୖޑပӧวՅౢਔٮёග܈ᔼၮԋ݀ᆶᡍǴޑᡏठΚ҉ុว Ьाύӧғౢǵ܌ॺך୍ᆅϐᔼԏኧᏵၗၨࣁ௵གǴӢԜܭԵǶҗ ՉᎍǵΓΚၗྍǵࣴว 4 ঁ༧Ƕ
) วݩ) 1. ғౢᆅ Ɏġ ၽᑐ༜ǽ ऊӧ 1,200 ϦЁѰѓǴӢξংథǴܘߓٚξഁǴੇܭଢ଼༜Տڜ (1) ӢԜੰᙝ্ၨϿǴЪଯੇܘӦϺฅޑъВྣᕉნǴਔԖᜦᙆᙅǴҭค ଢ଼݀ᐋғߏၨ٫Ǵ่݀ၨڜৡεǴྕڹӦВځሡ٩ᒘ݅ЕǹЀ ࣁ٫ǶԜѦޣғౢܘᐚॕǴࠔ፦ၨύեੇښӭǵၨౡǵ݀ჴஏࡋၨଯǵ ǴξեྕǵൣհǴ௦ԏයၨߏǴΨόۑٿଢ଼௦ԏයӭ҅ॶоǵࡾڜӦ ᓬ༈చҹǶޑଢ଼ڜԖวڀճੰᙝ্วǴ ԃ໒ 1997 ܭаᅿૡǵᇙૡϷػើࣁǴ٠ۈϐРᒃ 30 Ꭹԃջ໒ޣᔼ (2) ਲ਼ 200 ޑଢ଼ԴᐋڜȨߓКьȩޑ၂ᅿВݯਔයᒪ੮Πٰڵࡋଥ 70 ܭۈ ଢ଼ዊӧߓٚξӦᅿڜଢ଼ۘ҂ᎫѠڜᅿभǴࢂ୯Ѧೱᙹ Ǵ٠คჴ፦ԏܫ፦ǴᆅБԄಉ܄Ӄ០ǴՠӢਔᅿឦჴᡍޑଢ଼ڜ ௗЋۈշᇙૡϷើ༜ϐᆅǴ٠໒ڐଏҴࡕ߇ໂޣǶ2000 ԃᔼ ଢ଼ਭᅿϐᒧᅿϷΓπҖ໔ᆅБԄǶڜଢ଼༜ǴӕਔԾՉᄗڜޑৎύ ៛ଢ଼༜ǵػើǵૡ༜Ϸڜଢ଼ᓔǵڜԃ 8 ДǴࢂ่ӝ 2009 ܭၽᑐ༜໒ჿ (3) ଢ଼ػभǵᅿǵҖ໔ᆅǵ௦ԏǵڜவޣҶ໕ၭಷǴᔼޑᔼፄӝԄᔼ ౢǵᇙǵᎍόଷдΓϐЋǶޑǴӄڗǵࡕᇙೀǵวሇǵǵلᒧ ଢ଼Ǵхڜଢ଼༜य़ᑈςၻ 2.5 ϦഘǴᅿԖຬၸ 2,000 ਲ਼ߓКьᅿڜҞ ߐเᛪ៓Кьǵߚࢪচғᅿ៓КьǵЃՋьՆᅿǵьᅿǵޑΠځࡴ ݢᅿǵݢᅿǵЃ৾ଭ᛬ֲࠔᅿᕷӭǴҭԖᛥѲථ༣ᅿǴ٠ϝيӾ ۓ֡ޣଢ଼ᓔǴᔼڜଢ଼༜Ӣᖏ߈ڜଢ଼ࠔᅿ၂ᅿ 7ǶڜόᘐԾ୯ѦЇόӕ ǵ݄ǵ࿖ϯǵੰᙝ্ٛݯҖ໔ޥයᒃԾՉନǵН༣᠀НǵࡼԖᐒ ᆅπբǴ௦ԏ߾аπЋπᄔ௦Ǵ௦ԏයࣁ 11 ДԿ႖ԃ 5 ДǴനఁё Կ 6 ДǴԃౢໆऊ 1.5~2 ᏒǶ ଢ଼ǽڜɎġ ੀݓ ڜεݓξЍેਬ੮ӺξᓐջςԖᅿޑᜐڬԐӧВݯਔයǴᙑੀݓပ(1) ଢ଼ຑ᠘ǴΨࣁВҁࣤ࠻٦Ҕڜଢ଼ǴЪࠔ፦ཱུ٫ǴӧਔόୖуၸШࣚ ΨᒿϐѨǴεೌמଢ଼ᅿڜଅࠔǴ॥ӀਔǶՠᒿВΓᏯ௳ᚆ໒Ǵޑ Їϯၭ݅ᆅޣଢ଼ڜ90ԃж߃ǴԖѳӦډޔଢ଼ΨᅌؒပǶڜݓξ ଢ଼ౢᎍǶವլϐڜଢ଼ǴΓωӧ҇୯95ԃԋҥΑڜБԄٰᔼੀݓ ፓǴ٩ੀݓໂচڐࡕǴࣁख़ࡌӦБౢǴࡀܿᑜࡹ۬ߡᆶচ҇ϷӚ ӧੀݓໂۈӦНβߥǴ໒ڵϷပՅǴӕਔΨቶξ܄ဂޑՐ҇ ଢ଼Ƕڜቶᘓᙯբ
92 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ȨԖज़ೢҺࡀܿᑜচՐ҇ޑշԋҥڐ101ԃ12ДҗȨपੀՉᎍԖज़Ϧљȩ(2) ଢ଼ౢǴӝࡽԖڜȩǴࣁವլؠࡕੀݓໂࣁวޗଢ଼ғౢӝբڜੀݓ Ҟ߯аભғౢɠΒભуπɠΟځख़ाౢᎍಔᙃǴޑಔԋ܌3ঁౢᎍ ޑଢ଼ౢǵᇙǵᎍڜᎍϐϤભౢวኳԄǴаԖᐒၭՍᖄੀݓໂޔભ ЬाҺ୍ࣁǽځΠෞౢǴҞ ڜܭڋڙǴᘍಥаࠨբБԄၨܰلଢ଼ڜғౢ܌ሽԏᖼပΓۓc аᛙ ࡋǶۓᛙޑѦӧ॥ᓀǴ٠ቚуғౢޑዬلଢ଼ ໔Ƕޜഢᆶڀଢ଼ࡕᇙೀϐᐒڜٮd ග ࡋǴڋଢ଼ϩભڜǴ٠ၸೌמଢ଼ڜǵೌמғౢޑଢ଼ၭڜe ቚੀݓໂ ଢ଼ғౢྗբࢬำǴаڜᜢǴࡌҥੀݓԖᐒעჹࠔ፦ᆶౢӦҢᝄ ଢ଼ࠔ፦Ǵࡌҥѱ႖ǴԶҗပΓӅӕࡌҥȨੀڜගϲੀݓໂԖᐒ ӜࡋǴаቚғౢԏǶޕଢ଼ѱڜଢ଼ࠔจǴගଯੀݓڜݓౢȩԖᐒ ଢ଼ᓓǴբڜଢ଼ࡂȩǴᎍ୧ڜȨրᎹပޑf ᔼၮրᎹ҉Φࡂϣ ύޑଢ଼ӅӕჹѦՉᎍቶϐืαϷՍଆຼᜐඳᗺǵᢀӀڜࣁੀݓ ЈǶ Ǵلଢ଼ڜଢ଼༜ǴѺȨրᎹȩԾԖࠔจڜଢ଼ၭӝբࠨբڜg ᆶੀݓӧӦ ଢ଼ڜଢ଼ࠨբय़ᑈऊ2ϦഘǴԃεऊёғౢ4,500ϦАڜޑҞςՉ ᑔᒧϷࡕᇙೀǶلғޑΚ൩ΓΚॄೢ௦ԏࡕޗǴ٠җӝբل ଢ଼ၭՉԖᐒᡍڜշڐ h ғౢǵ௲ᏢǵҬܰᆶᢀӀӭڀඟจ௴Ҕঋةૼᔼ105ԃ5Д7Вہڙ i ڀଢ଼ౢวᓔȩǴᓔϣόڜଢ଼ᢀӀπቷ—ȨੀݓໂԖᐒڜޑޑфૈ ࠔلଢ଼ғڜӚഢǴ٠ԖȨޑሡ܌ଢ଼ᗲ݀уπࡕᇙೀၸำڜഢԖᐒ ᔠෳഢǴёफ़եҞΓπೀϷࠔᆅلଢ଼ڜ፦ᑔඕȩࢬำഢϷӚ ଢ଼ࠔ፦Ǵቚуӧ୯ڜໆౢᔮೕኳǴ٠ε൯ගϲੀݓԖᐒډϐԋҁǵၲ ᝡݾΚǶޑଢ଼ѱڜϣǵѦ ғౢޑଢ଼ڜౢໆϷΓπԋҁଯӢનǴЪࣁѱ႖Ǵੀݓܭज़ڙܭҗ(3) ߯රҁβǵᕉნ϶๓ǵԖᐒǵᆒࠔǵଯࠔ፦ǵଯߕуሽॶޑБӛวǹࡕ ଯࡋࣁϩ3ᅿǽ800ϦЁаНࢱೀܘόӕੇޑଢ଼ᅿڜᇙೀБԄ߾٩ ࣁЬǵ1,000ϦЁѰѓᒧаᇋೀǵ1,000ϦЁа߾аВᠴೀǶ ଢ଼ᅿय़ᑈऊ25ϦഘǴࢂӄ୯ڜଢ଼ᅿय़ᑈऊ75ϦഘǴԖᐒڜҞੀݓໂ(4) ଢ଼ၭЊ207ЊǴ೯ၸԖᐒᇡϷᙯڜғౢǴޑଢ଼य़ᑈനεڜᅿԖᐒ ଢ଼ౢᎍ3Ǵ37ΓǴᔼೕኳ36.08ϦഘǶڜၭЊӅ20ЊǶޑࠠᡍ ѳѠჹѦӅޗࠔจᆶ۫य़Ǵҭёၸӝբޑౢᎍԋ֡ёϩձࡌҥԾρ ӕᎍ୧ǵቶǶ
93 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
2. Չᎍᆅ Ɏ ၽᑐ༜ (1)ౢࠔǽ ԸޑǴаϷаНࢱೀلǵВᠴೀلǵᇋೀلǽхࡴНࢱلଢ଼ڜ c Ǵ֡ڗவਭᅿǵࡕೀǵǵلଢ଼ڜܭଢ଼х 4 εᜪǴҗڜԄᘠݰ Ԗڀ߯ԾՉғౢǵࣴวǴ୲ԾਭԾᇙኳԄǴаᆢଯࠔ፦ǴӢԜౢࠔ ࡋଯǶڙᆶ᠘ձࡋǴ୯ϣѦѱௗ܄ѱޑᐱ ଢ଼аϷӇᅀǵ৾៓ǵڜଢ଼ǽхࡴНࢱǵᇋೀǵВᠴΟᅿೀϐڜc ฆ ሽӧ 100-300 ϡѰѓǶ݆ᒍǵEspresso ǴڻьѲ (2)೯ၡǽ௦ϣѦঋ៝ǵޔௗय़ჹ࠼ЊޑБԄᎍ୧Ƕ ௗΕပǴޔᗺᔼǴ֎Ї៝࠼ۓଢ଼ᓔڜၽᑐ༜ޑc ϣǽаഁ ϷௗௗǴᕕှ៝࠼ሡޔԋϷՉᎍҔѦǴۘёᆶ៝࠼ܜନխନዬ Ǵ٠ёပᢀӀౢว 6Ƕىᔼϐό ჹѦᎍ୧೯ၡϷ࠼ܗଢ଼୧ǵຑ᠘БԄڜd Ѧǽୖу୯ϣѦϐǵ ଢ଼ǶԖϩ߾ၸ PChomeǵແࡹࠤڜྍǴ٠ᎍߓٚξၽပ ᆛၡ೯ၡϷ FB ՉᎍǴаӻଛ܈ᒃଌБԄၮଌǹќԖϩ߾Ӣୖᆶ୯ሞ ୯ѦዬǶޑౢࠔԖଯࡋᑫ፪ځຑ᠘ᝡᖻಥᑉԶрǴԶ୧ϒჹ ӜޕՏమཱǴ٩ԃࡋౢໆӭჲᎍ୧Ǵ٠คаߦᎍБԄᘉۓߦᎍǽౢࠔ(3) ႟୧ሽҭόӢᖼວໆԶԖፓǴԖुᖼᅈ 1,800 ϡёխၮϐᓬځࡋǴ ඁǶ ଢ଼ၡጕǴаଯڜଢ଼ᆅΓπҔଯǴЪౢໆϿǴӢԜЬѺᆒࠔڜሽǽӢ (4) ηόჹѦلଢ଼ऊ 1-2 ७ǹЪڜଢ଼ϷೱᙹڜǴሽၨαࠔ፦ࣁນ วǴҭόӛѦԏᖼᙯ፤Ǵаࡌҥѱαᆶ៝࠼ߞᒘǶЬाౢࠔԖ 4 ᅿǴץ Вᠴೀ)لଢ଼ڜᇋೀ)ъዳ 1,200 ϡǵ)لଢ଼ڜНࢱ)ъዳ 900 ϡǵ)لଢ଼ڜ ଢ଼х(10 Ε)500 ϡǶڜ)ъዳ 1,500 ϡǵԸԄ(Нࢱ)ᘠݰ ଢ଼ڜɎ ੀݓ ଢ଼ᡏᎍڜੀݓޑȩࣁЬᡏޗଢ଼ғౢӝբڜҞаȨࡀܿᑜচՐ҇ੀݓ շೕჄǶᡏԶڐȨपੀՉᎍԖज़Ϧљȩॄೢޑബ܌ޣ୧ౣǴ߯җᔼ ଢ଼ౢวݩᆶεᕉნՉ SWOT ϩǴࡕុӆڜ߯Ӄଞჹੀݓໂق ࠔจຝǴനޑᝡݾᓬ༈ڀՉѱ႖ϷҞѱᒧ(STP)Ǵ༟మཱЪ ೯ၡǴࡘԵՉᎍಔӝ 4P(ౢځଢ଼ࠔจϷڜࡕӆՍᖄੀݓໂϣԖ 18 ৎԾԖ ۶ԜམଛǴനࡕीра៝࠼ࣁᏤӛ٠ёևౢޑ(ࠔǵሽǵ೯ၡǵቶ Չځᔼቫय़Ǵޑჴሞډଢ଼ǴԶပჴڜՉᎍౣǴӅӕՉᎍੀݓޑࠔৡ౦ϯ ݩӵΠǶޑᎍᆅ (1)ౢࠔǽ! Ǵวౢࠔᆶࠔೌמଢ଼ՅϷೀڜӚԾ٩ޣଢ଼ڜໂϣ܈c!ౢᎍԋ จǶ!
94 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ΓΚᑔᒧǵޗࣁচǴၸӝբلଢ଼ڜଢ଼ၭࠨբϐڜပϣکаޗd!ӝբ ଢ଼ȩࡕǴраڜȨь۵Ꮉ۞ޑԾᔼޣೀуπǴӆၸᔼ ଢ଼(10ڜዳး)ǵրᎹᘠԄ 2/1)لଢ଼ڜύుޑȨրᎹȩࣁࠔจ !ଢ଼ᘶ౯ 3 ᅿࣁж߄ǶڜОੀݓڗΕ)ϷНജ ᔼԾԖࠔจȨь۵لଢ଼ڜੀݓޑଢ଼ಷ༜ғౢڜҭԖаԾৎيҁޣe ᔼ ଢ଼ڜ୧܌ឦ۫य़Ǵޑଢ଼ᓓڜࡀܿѱҥᎍ୧ܭଢ଼ȩǴ٠ςڜᎹ۞ ଢ଼ǴЪ୷ҁࣣ߯аНࢱǵᇋڜᆒࠔޑՏ֡ឦၨଯሽՏۓࠔӭኬǴل ڜੀݓޑ໒วр܌ೀǵВᠴΟᅿࡕᇙೀБԄӆམଛόӕำࡋ хࡴᆒࠔǵੇᡶǵᇋೀǵӀВᠴǵ༾័ଚ३ǵޣύъዳးځଢ଼ౢࠔǴ 9 ᅿǹќԖۓǵӇᅀҔǵፓကԄǵ҇୯ 101 ԃ୯ࡰلЋπࡷচ ଢ଼ᘶ౯Ƕڜଢ଼ϷڜӈسᘠԄ (2)೯ၡǽ! ೯ၡᆶ࠼ޑಷ༜ᆶ۫य़ǴҭԖӚԾޑԖӚԾޣଢ଼ڜໂϣ܈c!ౢᎍԋ ᗺ೯ၡ୧ǴӭঁՉᎍۓଢ଼ࡂڜᔼϐրᎹޗЊǴՠҭёॷӝբ ᆅၰǶ! !ᗺᔼࣁЬǶۓଢ଼ࡂڜΦࡂϣϐրᎹ҉ܭаՏޗd!ӝբ ܭଢ଼ࡂೡ୧ѦǴќڜրᎹܭଢ଼ȩନڜϐԾԖࠔจȨь۵Ꮉ۞ޣe ᔼ ࡀܿϼѳࢩԭǵܹࡡܱխิܭଢ଼Ϸᓓ۫य़ǴЪڜࡀܿѱۘԖᔼ ബཀऍᏢπբ࠻ǵᆵە࣬ٿξߐѱ)ǵӳЫ(Good Cho's)ǵ)ǵߓᓬ٩۫ ᅦථ(Malas)ǵૡЎϯᓔǵߓߞѯլΚၭǵᗶᛒ୯ሞǵᅽൔᖼނᆛǵ ଢ଼ڜነຬભࠤǵറ࠼ٰ१ӧӼѱ֡Ԗᎍ୧ᏵᗺǴੀݓڻ Yahoo ܗଢ଼ຑ᠘ࢲǴڜ೯ၡᘉεᎍ୧य़ǶԜѦΨၸୖу୧ǵځջᙖ ࡋǶـӜࡋǴቚуѱૈޕޑଢ଼ڜੀݓ (3)ߦᎍǽ ଢ଼ࡂȩڜᒤٰȨրᎹပ܄ଢ଼ᡏᡍǴ٠தᄊڜЋᆛٮc ග ଢ଼Ϸ࠹ᏤངڜࢲǴаߦᎍޑଢ଼ᐋभಔڜߎᚐջխᜄଌੀݓۓၲ ǶۺཷޑៈӦౚǵࣁᕉߥᅰЈ ଢ଼ԃڜДଛӝߎ௲ဃፍ౼ᒤဃፍ 12 ޑd ೱុ 4 ԃӧဃፍ ࢲѺៜੀݓޑଢ଼ຑ᠘ࣁයঁДڜଢ଼ѱǵॣǵڜǴа ӜࡋǶޕޑଢ଼ࡂڜଢ଼ϷրᎹပڜ ೖրᎹوଯύᙍϷεଣਠௗࢳǴӼ௨ᏢғიᡏᒃԾޑe ᆶଯࡀӦ ӜࡋǶޕޑଢ଼ӧԃᇸဂύڜଢ଼ౢวԋ݀ǴᘉੀݓڜပǴᡏᡍ ଷයВǴၸᒤပᇸਓՉϐЬᚒၯำǴೱ่ੀݓۓൣපଷϷܭ f ଢ଼ǶڜᜐඳᗺǴՉᎍੀݓໂᢀӀϷڬໂ لکᝊلނੀݓໂӓ౺ޑϦЬکg а Laucu ᆶ Muni ೭ჹж߄ပЦη ଢ଼ǶڜǴሦՉᎍੀݓۂ
95 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
ࡀوੀݓறᛤᢀӀЃγǴၡጕޑշΠǴ105 ԃ 6 Д҅Ԅᔼၮڐh ӧϦߐ ޑᙑੀݓǵᙑݓǵ٫ᑫပᆶξΠޑଢ଼൴ၰǴೱௗξڜጕ 102-1 ଢ଼ౢՉᎍǶڜᢀӀϷޑੀݓໂᡏܭրᎹ҉ΦࡂǴԖշ (4)ሽǽ ՅǴёԾुሽǴோሡᏃໆڀଢ଼Ӛڜޑғౢ܌ӚԾಷ༜܈c ౢᎍԋ ߥठǴаխԋޣషౄǶ ዳး) 650 ϡǵր 2/1)لଢ଼ڜǽրᎹύుلଢ଼ڜрϐ܌ޗd ӝբ ଢ଼ᘶ౯ 850 ϡڜОੀݓڗଢ଼(10 Ε) 450 ϡǵНജڜᎹᘠԄ ଢ଼ȩъዳးǽᆒࠔ 650ڜଢ଼ࠔจȨь۵Ꮉ۞ڜᆒࠔޑᔼ܌Γঁޣe ᔼ ϡǵੇ ᡶ 1,200 ϡǵᇋೀ 1,000 ϡǵӀВᠴ 1,000 ϡǵ༾័ଚ३ 1,000 ϡǵӇᅀҔ 480 ϡǵፓကԄ 450 ϡǵ҇୯ 101 1,200 لϡǵЋπࡷচ ӈ(6 Ε)߾ӧ 280-330 ϡ໔ǶسдᘠԄځϡǹԶ 700 ۓԃ୯ࡰ 3. ΓΚၗྍᆅ Ɏ ၽᑐ༜ ଢ଼ᓔփᘚπբΓڜ 1 ৎ 4 ΓϷۂۂРǵ҆ǵځҁΓϷޣΓΚಔԋǽᔼ(1) Ǵ٠ೌמڗࡕᇙೀǵǵلଢ଼ڜଢ଼ᔼϷڜৎΓ֡ԖځኧӜǴЪ Ƕۓޭޑଢ଼ຑ᠘ϐዛǵߎ፦ዛǵሌ፦ዛڜමж߄ၽᑐ༜ᕇளѠ୯ౢ֡ ϩ٦ᆒઓǴޑԖคКǴ٠ᄇۭวචচՐ҇ڀჹౢᔼޣፐǽᔼ (2) ଢ଼ౢᎍǵပεᏢǵڜଢ଼ၭǵഁڜပϣѦǴଞჹပϣܭதऀఖ ଢ଼ਭᆅǵࡕᇙೀǵڜᜐଯύᙍǵεଣਠӦǴ໒ፐᖱڬǵ܌ໂϦ ڜǴБय़ቶߓٚξೌמϷޕǵǵؑฆǵՉᎍǵ݆ෳلᒧ ࡋǴБԄᙖԜ࣬ϕҬࢬǴӅӕӝբᆒـѱૈޑଢ଼ڜଢ଼Ǵቚуߓٚξ ᝡݾΚǴޑଢ଼ᡏڜǴ٠ΓࡌҥԾԖࠔจǴаගଯߓٚξೌמᇙբ ଢ଼ၭ҇ᡏԏǶڜଢ଼ࠔจǴගϲߓٚξڜԶӅӕѺߓٚξ !ଢ଼ڜɎ!ੀݓ ᔼΓΚ֡߯ځଢ଼ࡂԾ 102 ԃ 7 Д໒ჿԿϞǴڜΓΚଛǽրᎹပ(1) շЍᔈǴڐՏΚҔΓ 14 ޑۓਡ܌ԃၸമȨΚ൩ीฝȩ ပϷѳӦߙԃǴ٠ӚԖϩಔᆶϩπǴЬޑྃ ύԖऊ 7 ԋ֡ࣁ 24ɴ36ځ շࡌҥੀݓڐғౢϷلଢ଼ڜଢ଼ౢՉᎍǵၯำीᆶᏤំǵڜाπբхࡴ ڀځଢ଼ࠔจǴБय़ᏤΕပԃᇸШж߇ໂǵ੮ໂǴќБय़૽٬ڜ ଢ଼ڜǴаϷೕჄೌמଢ଼ᔼᆅڜޑǵؑฆډǵᑔᒧلഢவғౢǵ௦ ଢ଼ౢǶڜΚǴӅӕٰပૈޑബཀՉᎍᆶᏤំှᇥ ѯǴҞמᅿᆶᆅޑଢ଼ڜౢΓωػǽࣁ٬ౢᎍкϩΑှԖᐒ(2) ុΠӈ 4 πբǽ ଯࡋ 500ǵ800ǵ1,100 ϦЁܘଢ଼Ңጄၭ༜ǽϩձӧᙑੀݓပੇڜc ໒៘ سǵ༾ቔឲۓଢ଼ػभǵڜଢ଼Ңጄၭ༜ǴբࣁڜೀӚ໒៘ΑೀԖᐒ ଢ଼॥ڜғౢ܌ଯࡋܘόӕੇزҢጄၭ༜Ǵ٠բࣁࡕុࣴޑޥϷӝϯࡼ ჴᡍϐҔǶޑৡ౦ښ
96 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ǵࡀࣽ܌ကϩ܌d ᏤΕၭ༜ᆅፐำǽᆶଯၭׯؼǵၭ၂ᡍ ଢ଼ౢᇶᏤიڜǵϣӦၭǵӦၭǵࡀܿᑜচໂسεၭ༜ Κᔠޥଢ଼Ԗᐒғౢਭᆅǵੰᙝ্ᆅᆶٛݯǵβᝆڜӝբǴଞჹ ০ፋǶ܈ଢ଼݄অ໒ᖱಞڜᆶղᘐǵޥෳǵӝϯࡼ ᇙբᆶ٬ҔǵԖᐒᇡޥǽхࡴԖᐒၗࡼբǵԖᐒనۺe ቶԖᐒਭᅿཷ ҙፎǶ لଢ଼ڜǵೌמวሇلଢ଼ڜᅿᑔᒧǵلଢ଼ڜଢ଼ᔈҔፐำǽхࡴڜf Ӽ௨ ᇙբǶجଢ଼Ћπڜଢ଼ǵڜଢ଼ຑ᠘ǵڜଢ଼ჴ୍௲Ꮲǵڜࡋǵڋ፤ܡ 4. ࣴวᆅ Ɏ!ၽᑐ༜ǽ നεޑଢ଼ϐѦڜܭԖᏱԖԛ܌ᆒઓࢂၽᑐ༜ޑჴᡍܭࣴวૈΚᆶ߿ ၗౢǶԖႝᐒπำङඳޑᔼޣԾ 2000 ԃௗЋРᒃ၂ᅿޑ 200 Ꭹਲ਼Ȩߓ ҖޑԾՉᄗǴ٠όᘐаࣽᏢჴᡍᆒઓ၂όӕۈଢ଼ᅿभࡕǴջ໒ڜКьȩ ࡕೀБԄϷБԄǶ2007 ԃ 29 ྃǴջӧ݅ђ֞ᖐل໔ᆅБԄǵғ ຑ᠘ȩύღளȨዛȩǴԜࡕߡ٠όᘐᢕࣴلଢ଼ڜಃۛѠȨӄ୯ޑᒤ ଢ଼ਭᆅБԄаϷද೯Нࢱǵ݀ጤϩှሇનНࢱǵᇋڜޑӝ༾ংᕉნ ׳Ǵ߈ԃೌמᐱԖޑಥෘೀډǴ٠ԾՉࣴวவᅿೌמೀǵВᠴࡕᇙ ᆒઓǴޑჴᡍز၂ǵόᘐᆒࣴܭଢ଼ࠔᅿ၂ᅿǴԜᅿ߿ڜԾ୯ѦЇۈ໒ ଢ଼ຑ᠘ᆶКᖻᔠᡍǵਠ҅ჴᡍԋ݀ǵಕᑈᅿڜޑӆၸុୖу୯ϣѦ ଢ଼ڜКᖻύჺᕇ٫ᕮǶ2010 ԃӧऍ୯ SCAA ᆒࠔޑᡍǴӢԜΨ٬дӧᐕԛ Coffee ޑϦߞΚڀΕ 50 Ӝǹ2012 ԃӧШࣚനلଢ଼ڜຑ᠘ύǴၽᑐ༜لғ ǹ2014ۓଯࡋޭޑReview ຑ᠘ᆛઠǴᕇளВᠴೀ 91 ϩǵᇋೀ 93 ϩ ଯϩǴ٠ᕇளȨ2014 ԃ N235 Ѡޑԃӆࡋᄪᕇ Coffee Review Нࢱೀ 93 ϩ дೀಔᚈ߷ैǹځຑ᠘ᄤ୧ȩྗНࢱಔᆶلଢ଼ڜଯᓬ፦ᆒࠔ ȩ(CQI)݆ෳၲ 86.58 ϩڐଢ଼ࠔ፦ڜ(SCAA)Ȩڐଢ଼ڜԃᕇऍ୯ᆒࠔ 2015 ଢ଼ڜǴ٠ΞᕇளȨ2015 ԃѠ୯ౢᆒࠔۓᆒࠔભ(Specialty Grade)ᇡޭޑ ଢ଼ڜຑ᠘ȩНࢱಔ߷ैǶϞ(2016)ԃόᕇளȨ105 ԃᆵ୯ౢᆒࠔل ଢ଼ 12+1 ВДᗎፎᖻȩڜຑ᠘ȩྗНࢱಔᓐዛǴЪ 7 ДҽΨӧȨѠل ոΚΕᆶୖᖻჴޑيଢ଼݆ෳৣၗǶ೭٤Ծڜளڗᕇ߷ैǴќѦΨةύ ࡋǴᡉـӜࡋᆶѱૈޕࠔจޑଢ଼ӧ୯ϣѦڜΑၽᑐ༜׳ᕮǴΨ ࠔจޑᆶᡍǵගϲࠔ፦Ǵ൩ࢂനӳೌמҢᑈཱུࣴวǵୖуКᖻǵಕᑈਭ ՉᎍǶ !ଢ଼ǽڜɎ!ੀݓ ԋҥǵၭޑޗॶವլؠࡕख़ࡌ߃යǴᔼЬΚӭΕӧӝբ҅ۈᔼ߃(1) ڜวӅаϷੀݓޑଢ଼ڜԏᖼǵࡌҥԖᐒلՍᖄǵྎ೯ǵӝǵғޑЊ ޣࣴวǶЪᔼޑೌמࡕೀلଢ଼ڜჹѦՉᎍǴӢԜ٠҂ᑈཱུΕޑଢ଼ ӧᄗ໘ۘೌמޑೀلଢ଼ڜଢ଼ᅿᆶڜਔ໔ၨఁǴჹޑଢ଼ౢڜΕ ளӭԛᓬዛǴڗଢ଼ຑ᠘Ǵᗨڜޑ܄ࢤǴӢԜᔼ߃යӭᒧୖуӦБ
97 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
ޑଢ଼ڜǴՠϝคݤԖਏගϲੀݓۓޭޑلଢ଼ڜۓЪ 2012 ԃ٠ᕇ୯ࡰ ଢ଼Ǵрڜޑᑈཱུᢀነǵ၂Ǵࣴวӭᅿόӕαགۈࠔ፦ǶӢԜ߈ԃٰ໒ (CQI)ڐଢ଼ࠔ፦ڜǴ٠ଌҹԿऍ୯لଢ଼ڜޑғౢೌמӚᅿวሇೀݤ ଢ଼ຑ᠘ϷᝡᖻǶಖڜ୯ሞᆒࠔભᇡǴӕਔΨୖуѠڗՉ݆ෳຑ᠘Ǵݾ لଢ଼ڜଢ଼ȩǴᕇளȨ105 ԃᆵ୯ౢᆒࠔڜӧϞ(105)ԃǴаȨь۵Ꮉ۞ܭ ڜଢ଼ΕѠ୯ౢᆒࠔڜǴ҅Ԅሦੀݓۓޭޑдೀಔߎ፦ዛځຑ᠘ȩ ଢ଼ޑՉӈǶ ڜଢ଼ൂՏय़ᑈౢॶǵගϲڜǴаϷࣁቚуۺཷޑଢ଼ӄਲ਼ёҔڜҁޣᔼ(2) ҽԖज़Ϧљȩ Ǵިמଢ଼ၭԏǴԐӧ 101 ԃԃۭջςќѦԋҥȨपੀғ ଢ଼ғڜౢᙯࠠǴೢמරғۈ༜(PABP)Ǵ໒מࣽނ٠Ꭻࡀܿၭғ زΠဌ)ϐуॶᆶճҔǴၸౢᏢӝբǴӅӕࣴ)ނౢᇙำёҔഭᎩቲక ౢࠔǶҞςࣴނଢ଼़ғڜࠔǵߥ଼१ࠔϐ܄໒วх֖ϯ֩ࠔǵᐒૈ ଢ଼݀សय़ጢȩǴ٠аڜȨޑଢ଼ዀ݀݀ҜᇙԋڜౢࠔࣁճҔޑวԋዕ ӜǶڮȨnasunwaȩ(યਬґ)ࣁࠔจޑ௨ᇟύж߄ᅆߝऍ
วϐ౦ӕϷᓬӍ༈Кၨޣٿ (Β) ܄ж߄ڀଢ଼ౢวӚڜޑᔼݩύόᜤ࣮рǴӧကϷࡀܿޑҗॊ όӕջޑҢǴനܴᡉ܌วၡ৩εό࣬ӕǴӵ߄Βޑڗᒧ௦܌Ǵޣᔼঁٿޑ БԄወЈહસǴவᔼঁޣӃՉޑȩזளوᔼኳԄࢂаȨঁΓޑࢂǽၽᑐ༜ ଢ଼ڜӜࡋϷౢࠔѺࠔจǴӆ՛ᐒঁߓٚξၽޕޑΓࠔจрวǴаঁΓ рวǴӃՍᖄǵۺޑளᇻȩوଢ଼߾ࢂаȨဂΓڜౢวᆶࠔจǹੀݓޑ ࠔจǶԜѦӢࣁวኳԄϷᔼਔ܄วӦӝӦၗྍᡏӝբᔼǴӆ ௦ৎԄᔼǴޣӵǽ(1)ٯόӕǴ܌ҭԖวሡکᓬ༈ޑ໔ߏอόӕǴಕᑈ ᔼೕኳλǴၗߎၨܰඓǴ܌ሡΓΚԋҁեǴᏼॄᔼ॥ᓀၨλǹࡕޣᔼೕ ଢ଼ਭᡍǵڜޑޣኳၨεǵΓΚԋҁଯǵၗߎᚐεǵॄᏼ॥ᓀၨଯǶ(2) Ƕ(3)߾ۘӧଆޣǵౢࠔࣴวૈΚၨࣁԋዕǴࡕೌמౢᔼϷуπೀ ӜޕࡋଯǴѱـǴ୯ሞૈۓ୯ϣѦຑ᠘ϷᝡᖻӭǴ٠ᕇӭԛᆒࠔભޭޑᆶୖޣ (Ӝࡋ࣬ჹၨեǶ(4ޕࡋϷѱـૈޑຑ᠘Ϸᖻ٣ϿǴ୯ϣѦޑᆶୖޣࡋଯǹࡕ ޣ܌ᏱԖޑж߄܄ՅౢࠔϷՉᎍಔӝ࣬ჹᙁൂǴՠౢࠔᆫขమཱǹࡕޣޑౢ ၗྍᷤݙၨޑᕇளϦߐޣࠔӭϡǵՉᎍ೯ၡӭǴՠౢࠔኬᇮัᡉኳጋǶ(5) ᅿٿᆶᷤݙၨӭǶԜןޑᕇளϦߐ܌շၨεǴޑჹวӦౢޣϿǴࡕ όӕޑᔼኳԄǴΨ҅ж߄চໂҞӭวՅၭౢޑᔼޣӧวԾԖࠔ ᅿᜪࠠǴᅿࢂൂѺᐱٿޑϩឦ܌จ(OBM, Own Branding & Manufacturing)ਔǴ ରǵวλၭࠔจࠠǴᅿࢂаӝբޗ܈ౢᎍБԄᡏวӦୱ܄ࠔจࠠǶ
98 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ଢ଼ว౦ӕКၨڜ߄Βǵၽᑐ༜Ϸੀݓ Table 2. Comparisons of the development of the coffee business between Tsoustructive Garden and Taiwu Coffee. ଢ଼ڜҞ ၽᑐ༜ ੀݓ ᔼޣঁΓ ୷ҁङඳ БࡹউǴ38 ྃǴӀݓπਠႝᐒ ണǴ44 ྃǴम୯ Nottingham Trent University ࡹݯՉᎍറγسπำᏢ (ଢ଼ਔ໔ 16 ԃ(2000 ԃԿϞ) 7 ԃ(2009 ԃԿϞڜᅿ ڜଢ଼) 2009 ԃ(ঁΓࠔจь۵Ꮉ۞ڜᔼਔ໔ 2009 ԃ(ၽᑐ༜ۈ໒ ଢ଼)ǵ2012 ԃ(ӝբޗ) ౢว εݓξӦܭВΓܭߓٚξӦᅿ аВݯਔයܭଢ଼ٰྍ аВݯਔයВΓڜ ᒪ੮ΠϐȨߓ܌ଢ଼ڜᒪ੮ϐԴᐋभ ၂ᅿࠪჱᆶ܌ଢ଼ڜȨߓКьȩ ଢ଼ԴᐋभЕࣁว໒ڜЕࣁрว Кьȩ ᆄ ᅿੇܘ 1,200-1,300 ϦЁ 600-1,200 ϦЁ ጎࡋ чӣᘜጕ 23.5 ࡋ чጎ 22.5 ࡋ ӃՉޗଢ଼ғౢӝբڜΚໆӛѦ 1.аੀݓޑᔼኳԄ 1.аঁΓೱ่ৎ ଢ଼ڜޑቶǴԾౢǵԾᇙǵԾᎍ ӝပϷੀݓໂϣౢᎍ ၸόᘐࣴวǵୖу୯ϣѦК ғౢΓΚϷၗྍǴ٠ठΚගϲ.2 Ϸೌמଢ଼ౢǵᇙǵᎍڜϷౢࠔࠔ ᡏӄԖᐒೌמᖻǴගϲᅿᆶᔼ ଢ଼ࠔ፦ڜ Ӝޕ፦Ǵ٠ᏵԜಕᑈঁΓϷࠔจ ǵȨь۵Ꮉلԏᖼғޗѱᜢݙ 2.ၸӝբڗࡋǴᠲ ޑଢ଼ȩॄೢǵуπڜ۞ ᆒࠔޑᆒጏၡጕوаໆϿ፦ᓬǴ.3 ଢ଼ȩڜǴམଛঁΓϷࠔจᎶΚ ኳԄǴനࡕӝаȨੀݓଢ଼ࣁນڜ ଢ଼ϤڜੀݓډՉᎍౢࠔ ࠔจቶՉᎍǴၲޣௗӛޔ Ҟޑભౢϯ מᆶޕၸჹѦ௲ᏢǴϩ٦.4 ଢ଼ౢࠔࠔ፦ගϲ 3.ϐࡕӆ٩ပǵໂǵᑜϐӝڜǴߓٚξೌ ੀݓౢǵࡀܿౢଢ଼ౢว ׇǴڜϷᡏ Ϥભวޑଢ଼ౢڜᡏޑ ၨӭၨλǶค ᔼೕኳၨεǴΓΚሡวೕኳ วೕኳၨλǴΓΚሡ ՉᎍЋݤ֡ёၨࣁᐒ܈ፕғౢᆅ ǵᡫࢲ ӧۘೌמଢ଼ౢǵᇙǵᎍڜΓǴ 14 ޑଢ଼ౢǵᇙǵᎍڜΓΚၗྍ 4-6 ΓǴӭዕ ໘ࢤଆ ೌמᔼ ଢ଼ၭڜᅿय़ᑈ 2.5 Ϧഘ 75 Ϧഘ/207 Њ ଢ଼ᅿय़ᑈ - 25 Ϧഘ(13 ϦഘԖᐒᇡ+12 ϦഘڜԖᐒ ᙯࠠᡍ)/20 ЊԖᐒၭ ౢໆ 1.5-2 ϦᏒ - ηၨεǵ 4لଢ଼ǴڜԖᐒܘપଳ ଯੇൂښଢ଼ǴНࢱೀ॥ڜܘౢࠔՅ ଯੇ ృǴᇋೀጧᑗᇋᓕ३ǴВᠴೀ ၰЋπࡷᒧǴαགྖǵ३ᎇӣ ᜩಒࢋᓬǴ३ၨᐚॕǴ׀ଚ३ϷН݀ለౡᜩ ҒǴ ਸ३ޑᅧދԖᜪ՟ڀЪ ሽ ଯሽՏ(ъዳ 900-1,500 ϡ) ύǵଯሽՏ(ъዳ 600-1,200 ϡ) ၗྍΕԖ ϦߐၗྍΕӭǴх֖Γ٣ǵޑಔᙃޗѦၗྍ ϦߐϷ ໔ฯᡏޜഢϷ ڐՉᎍٮज़ǴЪӭӧғౢࡕъࢤග շ
99 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
ଢ଼ว౦ӕКၨڜ߄Β(ុ)ǵၽᑐ༜Ϸੀݓ Table 2(continue). Comparisons of the development of the coffee business between Tsoustructive Garden and Taiwu Coffee. ଢ଼ڜҞ ၽᑐ༜ ੀݓ Չᎍ೯ၡ аၽᑐ༜ᢀӀҶ໕ၭಷࣁЬाՉᎍ Չᎍ೯ၡхࡴӝբޗᔼϐր ଢ଼ࡂǴаϷь۵Ꮉ۞ڜǴམଛୖу Ꮉပޣௗय़ჹޔᏵᗺǴ ӄѠ 10 Ꭹೀᎍ୧ᗺϷޑଢ଼ԾԖڜ Ӝޕଢ଼ຑ᠘ϷКᖻǴᘉڜ୧ǵ ࡋᆶ࠼ྍǹϩ߾ ᆛᖼǵӻଛ೯ၡǴՉᎍ఼ᇂय़ـࡋǵѱૈ ၸᆛᖼǵFBǵӻଛᎍ୧ ၨቶ ଢ଼ਭᅿǵҖ໔ᆅǵࡕೀуڜ ჴᡍǴόᘐᢕࣴਭᅿϷҖ໔ᆅܭബཥࣴว ߿ ǹќϷࣴวૈΚۘӧଆೌמଢ଼ࠔᅿǵࡕೀуπБ πڜǵೌמ ނଢ଼ғౢೀၸำቲకڜԄǴࣴวૈΚமǴౢࠔӭԛᕇ୯ Ԗଞჹ מࣴวǴ໒วғޑՉуॶճҔ ۓଢ଼ຑ᠘ଯϩϷᝡᖻεዛޭڜϣѦ ଢ଼ౢॶڜౢࠔǴቚ
ҢǴ܌ӅӕߦԋǴӵ߄Ο܌ჴࢂҗӭచҹځаԋфǴ܌ॺϩၽᑐ༜ϐך ಕᑈ܌ᓬ༈ǵৎߏයᔼૡ༜ϷػើޑύхࡴΑǽߓٚξӦԾฅᕉნచҹځ מଢ଼ᅿϷуπೀڜЈǵჹڻЍǵԃᇸᆶӳޑਭᡍᆶ࠼ྍǵৎނբޑ ޑೌמଢ଼ჹࡕᇙೀڜੁዊஙଆǴаϷᆒࠔޑଢ଼ڜǵӄౚᆒࠔޑᢕࣴೌ วޑԋфځᐒǶฅޑ४॥ԶଆځΑٮᆄһᒘǴΨ൩ࢂ೭٤చҹǴගཱུ ԖճϪډפଢ଼ѱύ҅ёڜӧᆒࠔ܈БԄޑᡍ٠όܰፄᇙǴЪ೭ᅿൂѺᐱର Ѭၭౢёૈӭъ㊐ԳԶᘜǴ٠όႴᓰǶᏃᆅӵԜǴၽᑐ༜ځΕᗺǴඤբ ጕǴٗ൩ࢂନΑѸޑॺԋфวՅၭౢచࡐख़ाךዴගҢΑޑᡍޑ ǴाךԾޑǵౢࠔࠔ፦ϷࣴวૈΚԖόᘐೌמౢࠔȩѦǴᗋाჹගϲޑԖȨჹ ೭ჹόፕࢂൂѺᐱରวԾԖࠔจޑλၭǴ܈ࢂӝբޗϷౢᎍಔᙃǴᔈࢂё ᡏҔޑྗ߾Ƕ
מଢ଼ࡕᇙೀڜޑډᏱԖᆒᐱޣၽᑐ༜ᔼܭॺวǴΨ൩ࢂҗךԶЪ ಃΟભՉᎍՍᖄଆٰǴคύᔆံΑচޑಃભғౢϷΠෞޑǴԾ൩ஒෞೌ ߦΑࠔ፦ගϲೌמ໔ǶӢࣁޜᕇճޑՉᎍᕉǴ٠ബрനεޑՐ҇ӛၨ১ ӜࡋǴޕޑࡋϷӧѠѱـ୯ሞૈޑௗගଯΑࠔจޔଯϩǴޑᆶ୯ሞᝡᖻຑК ΚǴӕਔΨԾޑଯࠔ፦׳аೌמᆒਭᆅᐟΑᝩុ۳ෞ൨ڈ༈ ᜢݙᆶߙǴޑޣ۳Πෞೱ่ଆѱǶӢࣁҔౢࠔᇥ၉ǴԾ൩֎Ї ǶޣޑჹډפԶ
100 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ଢ଼วᓬӍ༈ϩڜ߄Οǵၽᑐ༜ᆶੀݓ Table 3. Advantages and disadvantages of Tsoustructive Garden and Taiwu Coffee in developing coffee industry. ၽᑐ༜ ܌ӦϐǴഁޑଢ଼ڜߓٚξӦࢂӄѠനӝᅿޑܘᓬ༈ 1. ឦଯੇ ৡǵଳᔸࡋϺฅྕڹǵଯξβᝆǵংǵВྣǵВܘጎࡋǵੇޑӧ చҹǴёቚу݀ჴޑஏࡋǵౡࡋᆶ३Ǵόճੰᙝ্วǴԖճଯࠔ ᅿᆶғౢǶޑଢ଼ڜ፦ ଢ଼ᔼӅ٦Ƕڜৎߏයᔼૡ༜ϷػើǴ࣬ᜢᡍᆶ࠼ྍёᆶ .2 ३ޑଢ଼ౢғόӕڜаόӕೀБԄЇวܭჴᡍബཥǴ๓ܭ߿ޣᔼ .3 жڗᆶόё܄Ԗᐱڀ٫Ǵೌמଢ଼ғౢϷࡕೀڜᆶαགǴښǵᜩ ǶޣӃ០ޑೌמଢ଼ೀڜǴࢂѱύ܄ ଢ଼ຑ᠘ϷКᖻǴЪჺᕇ٫ڜǴ٠ᑈཱུୖᆶ୯ϣѦۓໆϿ፦ᆒǴࠔ፦ᛙ .4 ᇥܺΚǴӢԜёၸঁΓϷౢࠔڀᕮǴၨૈ֎ЇѱݙཀǴ٠ၨ ޕӜࡋՉᎍǴխѐεໆՉᎍҔǶ ՉᎍЋݤ֡ёၨࣁᐒǵᡫࢲǴᔼ܈วೕኳၨλǴคፕғౢᆅ .5 ୢᚒၨૈԖਏှ،Ƕ ଢ଼ғౢᆶᔼҔӦ֡ࣁԾԖǴഢҭࣁԾԖڜၗᙣǵᛙಎᛙѺǴ .6 ၗߎၗᖼວǴคສීᓸΚǴ୍ԾҗǶ ӜࡋѺࠔจǴ٠ৎӝբᔼǴӆೱঁߓٚޕаঁΓ .7 ౢวǴᔼᓸΚϷॄᏼၨλǶޑଢ଼ڜξၽ ዴǴЪ௦ԾౢǵԾǵԾᎍǴխѐዬগߺǴሽܴۓౢࠔჹຝ .8 ǴճዎၨଯǶۓᛙ Ӎ༈ ԾԖၭӦय़ᑈԖज़ǴౢໆόܰቚуǶ ଢ଼ڜੀݓ ޑଢ଼ڜԖᅿڀଢ଼ౢϐǴڜчεݓξջࢂޑᓬ༈ 1. Вݯਔයᙑੀݓပ ԾฅংϷӦచҹǶ ڜଢ଼БӛѲֽǵวǴѱ႖ܴዴǴ٠ςԖ 20 ЊڜԖᐒܘςරଯੇ .2 ଢ଼ȩڜȨԖᐒޑᙯࠠᡍǴࢂѠҞय़ᑈനε܈ளԖᐒᇡڗଢ଼ၭ ᓬ༈ǶޑԖཟ՞ѱӃᐒڀғౢǴ ଢ଼ڜໂϣӭኧޑБԄᔼǴჹՉᎍૈΚၨ১٠ςᅌଯសϯޗаӝբ .3 ғౢߞЈǶޑଢ଼ၭڜεշǴёቚуཱུڀقၭЊԶ ೢᔼՉᎍืαǵь۵Ꮉ۞ॄೢϷуॄޗଢ଼ၭॄೢғౢǵӝբڜ .4 πǴपੀՉᎍॄೢՍᖄΟޣޑϤભౢวኳԄςࡌҥǶ ଢ଼ၭԏϷၯ࠼ኧ֡ڜӜࡋǴޕଢ଼ѱࡌҥ࣬ڜଢ଼ςӧѠڜੀݓ .5 ԖගϲǶ ᢀӀǵޑഢڀځଢ଼ᢀӀπቷȩς҅Ԅ௴ҔǴၸڜȨޑրᎹပϣ .6 ΑှǴޑଢ଼ғౢǵᇙำڜჹੀݓޣቚуܭᡏᡍϷ௲ػфૈǴԖշ ගଯჹࠔจޑᇡӕǶ ǴԖճ҂ٰȨӄ܌ഢϷޑȨԖᐒࡕᆄуπᡍȩکلഢύᇙڀς .7 ғڀଢ଼ȩҢӧѱೡ୧Ǵၭ҇ၨڜϐғౢϷаȨԖᐒلଢ଼ڜԖᐒȩ ߞᒘǶޣளୃངԖᐒౢࠔϐڗౢߞЈǴҭၨܰ ੀܭपੀՉᎍϦљǴਥྍޑᔼၮϷՍᖄύΠෞౢၗྍޗշӝբڐ .8 ֡ᕉნǵၗྍǵғౢݩᆶሡޑଢ଼ಷ༜ǴჹӦڜݓӧӦЪᏱԖ ଢ଼ȩڜȨь۵Ꮉ۞ޑғౢلଢ଼ڜҭԖраੀݓيΜϩమཱǴЪҁ ଢ଼ౢڜᆶࢬำǴ೭ӧೌמԾԖࠔจǴዕғౢǵуπǵՉᎍϐ ख़ाၗྍǶޑଢ଼วڜচՐ҇ӦύΜϩϿԖǴࢂࡕុੀݓޑ
101 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
ଢ଼วᓬӍ༈ϩڜ߄Ο(ុ)ǵၽᑐ༜ᆶੀݓ Table 3(continue). Advantages and disadvantages of Tsoustructive Garden and Taiwu Coffee in developing coffee industry. ଢ଼ڜੀݓ ଢ଼ౢวȩڜᓬ༈ 9. ੀݓໂϷրᎹပςԋࣁϦߐȨࡀܿচໂ ၗྍᓬ༈ǶޑԖࡕុวڀ୷ӦǴޑ ۑଢ଼ڜੀݓޑᒤ܌ۑߎဃፍޑԃ 12 Д่ӝࡀܿߎဃ҆྅ .10 ೖډၯ࠼ץ֎Їεԃࡋ٣ǴࢲೕኳεǴޑ܄ࢲǴឦӦ ᜐᢀӀᆶচ҇ЎϯԖ࣬ڬଢ଼ǵڜրᎹပǴჹӝՉᎍੀݓ ଢ଼ϐՉᎍਏǶڜԖᜪ՟ђ֞ڀշǴς Ӎ༈ 1. ୍ၭΓαԴϯǴહᅿΓΚԖज़Ƕ όۘೌמၨࣁᖓ১Ǵғౢޕޑଢ଼অ݄ᅿڜၭ҇ჹࠔᅿᒧǵ .2 પዕǶ 3. ξឲНྍόߡǶ ཀຝೱ่ۘԖόޑଢ଼ڜଢ଼ᆶᆒࠔڜჴᕮǴੀݓޑᖻୖکલЮ୯ሞຑ᠘ .4 ߞᒘǶޑӜࡋᆶࠔจຝǴቚу៝࠼ჹౢࠔޕǴۘሡၸКᖻǴගϲى ሡӆගϲǶۘೌמࡕᇙೀϷلଢ଼ڜ .5 ଢ଼ࠔจᆶ೯ڜޑଢ଼൴ၰݮጕςԖ 10 ᎩৎԾՉวڜໂϣࡀ 102-1 ໂၰ .6 ଢ଼ȩᆶȨրᎹȩǴаϷᔼڜȨੀݓޑԾՉวޗၡǴӆуӝբ ǴࠔจᆅۘࡑуமǶޣȨь۵Ꮉ۞ȩǴࠔจӭǴܰషౄޑΓঁޣ ࠔ፦ᆶޑଢ଼ڜଢ଼ғౢࠔ፦ᆅᆶϩભࡼᜤࡋଯǴڜޑᡏੀݓౢ .7 ࠔจຝᆢᛠόܰǶ ႖ࣚज़όܴǶޑଢ଼ౢࠔڜԖکଢ଼ڜԖᐒޑว܌Ҟ .8 ໘ࢤǴౢໆۘࡑගϲǶՉᎍϝឦଆ .9
ޑჹӭኧϝុଶ੮ӧભғౢځԖၭ҇ǴЀ܌วኳԄ٠όӝޑՠ೭ኬ ӢηǴӢԜԋҥӝڋǵ೯ၡࢂज़ೌמଢ଼ၭٰᇥǴԃសǵᡏΚǵਔ໔ǵၗҁǵڜ շ٠ബനεᕇڐдॺٮрѱǴߡࢂനૈගפౢᎍٰжࣁམࡌ೯ၡᆶ܈ޗբ Ѹाځว๊ჹԖޑрǴჹӦБౢޑޗଢ଼ғౢӝբڜБԄǴΨӢԜੀݓޑճ ࠔ፦ගϲǴ༟Αޑଢ଼ғౢڜԃวΠٰǴςᅌӦ 4 ځǶЪ܄ᆶख़ा܄ Ǵό٬ੀݓف჻៛ᓐۈଢ଼ѱύ໒ڜӜࡋǴ٠ӧѠޕࠔจᆶޑଢ଼ڜੀݓԖᐒ ଢ଼ၭЊѳ֡ԏΕቚуǴΨᢀӀΓኧԋߏǴӧߦӦБౢวϷගϲၭڜໂ ԋਏ 3Ƕـ҇ԏς߃
ϣ֚ნǴЪѦۘԖፏӭ࠶ુǴޑӭόճวـᗨฅӧᓬӍ༈ϩύϝ ሽᝡݾޑᑽלલЮᆶαౢࠔلଢ଼ڜଢ଼ۘឦλѱǵӕࠔ፦ڜӵѠᆒࠔٯ ଯᜤࡋǴӕਔကߓٚξǵጪᆸǵѠܿၲϘǵڀΚǴȨӄԖᐒȩᡍਔΞ ଢ଼ౢΞஙଆǴݩЪᗋόᇥཱུᆄڜޑߎঢ়ǵϼഞٚϷᜢξԖচՐ҇ᔼ ᐒࢂǴӧҞޑፂᔐǶՠޑε׳ٰ܌ଢ଼ౢวڜኪߘϷረ॥ǴჹޑংΠ کሡޑଢ଼ڜჹൂࠔǵᆒࠔޣӕਔǴΨΑޑଢ଼ΓαϝόᘐቚуڜѠ ѱวޑଢ଼ڜΑҁβᆒࠔٮǴගाޑښࠔ፦ᆶ॥لଢ଼ڜଢ଼ཥᗲࡋǵڜჹ ଢ଼Չᎍคᇻѷڜဂᆛၡǵӻଛ֡ΜϩදϷǴޗҞ೯ૻႝηౢࠔǵځ໔ǶЀޜ
102 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ǵ௲ᏢᡏᡍນښԖᐒǵଯࠔ፦ǵᐱαགᜩޑഢڀ܌ଢ଼ڜǴऩૈӆமፓੀݓۛ εࠠቼࢲϐѦӆམଛ௨ൂޑۑӜࡋǴ٠ӧߎဃፍޕǴமϯࠔจຝᆶ ໔Ƕഖӝޜวޑଢ଼ᔈϝԖคज़ڜЎϯᆶॣՅՉ٣ҹՉᎍǴੀݓޑ ගϲǵԖᐒᇡ֡ߚอਔ໔ૈೌמଢ଼ၗྍӝǵڜਔ໔ۘอǴໂϣޑԋҥޗբ ၲԋǴᗋሡӆ๏ϒਔ໔ᗑᡨǴ࣬ߞଷаਔВᔈԖόᒱޑඳǶ
Ѥǵ่ᇟϷ҂ٰว
ᏹբቫय़࣬ቶǴՠೌמޑሡੋϷ܌ၸำύǴޑၭౢނӧวচໂՅբ ࣬ჹ১༈Ǵܭೀೌמᖿ༈ǴЪғౢᆶᔼޑଯសϯکҞပ୍ၭΓα෧Ͽܭҗ εཱུޑᜤаՍᖄғౢǵуπϷ୍ܺǴࡌᄬౢሽॶǴԋပၭౢว׳ ᡍаϷவޑॺߡਥᏵჴሞךԛǴځࢂଏԶܭݩӵԜǴܭᓍǶԖ᠘ ભғౢ٠ගۓวࡘԵǴԿϿӃவᛙޑ൳ᗺ಄ӝҞပહբݩٮᢀჸǴග Ƕۈߕуሽॶ໒ځଯ
ଢ଼ڜࢂࡕъа܈ǴނՅբޑԖᔮਏפ൨ޑख़܌όፕࢂҁЎъ ᔈޣၭౢวǴന२ाԵໆނόӕᔼኳԄǴाԋфՅբޑ܌ٯࣁ ȩǶനᔈӦԾฅǵংǵނբޑȨჹډפǴΨ൩ࢂाӃۺᢀޑࢂȨӦᅿȩ ǴჴࣁޣၭғౢǵပЎϯǵဂᐕўၡᄽޑβᝆǵӦᕉნǴ٠ᆶӦ ޑǶඤѡ၉ᇥǴӧᒧပाวނբޑวወΚǵΨനԖёૈวԋфڀന ଆޑނೱٰ่ࡘԵǴΑှ၀ᅿޑᆶပ໔يҁނவբډǴሡӃӣᘜނՅբ р࠼ᢀຑ܄ᆶёՉ܄วޑᔈҔǴБёჹ҂ٰޑྍǵᐕўᄽᡂǵӧပ ǴӢԜวޑނҖഁፓ൩ཱུࣁख़ाǶ
շڐفǴሡԖᇶᏤൂՏϷပΓϩձவόӕຎނԛӧวပՅբځ ԜۓाӃ׳ԛځǶ܄ёՉޑрϪΕᗺϷวפᕉნϩǴޑวނຑԜբ Ҟѱǵჹຝǵ೯ၡǴ٠ჹՉᎍБԄᆶౣႣೕჄǶޑౢࠔނբ ΨӢࣁࢂӦբǴԜբނޑғߏᆶӦޑᕉნংǵੇܘଯࡋǵβᝆǵ Җ໔ᆅΨޑᔈૈΚǴӢԜ࣬ᜢޑԖࡐமڀӦǵӦ፦ǵӅӕᄽϯǴς ԾฅၭݤǴ֡ा܈ਭБԄࢂคࢥǵԖᐒޑᔈёၨࣁ࣪ΓΚǶԜѦǴคፕᒧ চՐ҇ࣁᔈᕉნǴߏයᆶβӦӅځҞયΕԵໆǶЀޑஒᆢᛠပԾฅғᄊ ඵችǴӢԜऩહᅿၭ҇ӭࢂޑԖᐱڀβӦճҔᆶᆅБԄǴჴޑԋ܌ғӅᄪ ๓ᕉნ϶ޑၭݤਭᅿ 2ǴӵԜόࢂന٫ޑǴ߾നӳᆢаပޣပԃߏ ᐱڀ׳ౢࠔӧѱϸԶޑౢр܌હբЎϯᆶғౢಞᄍǴޑޣБԄǴΨ಄ӝહᅿ ܄ᆶሽॶǶ
१ၭޑ୯ύλ௲ػ่ӝǴՉᏢูޑਔᔈᆶӦނԜѦǴပӧวՅբ ՉှޣҖፓၗࣁ୷ᘵǴҗહᅿނբޑǴ٠аಃ໘ࢤ܍௲ػᆶЎϯ ٬ҔБԄᆶӧပЎޑᆶচҗǴаϷပޑҞޑނᇥǴ௲ػΠжᅿԜբ ǴӵԜΨёቚуΕ܍ޑЎϯނნϷբޑǴᔼပӅӕғౢ܄ख़ाޑϯ
103 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
բݤΨԖঁӳೀǴ൩ࢂӧᇶᏤൂՏሡޑགǶԜѦ೭ኬڮᑈཱུࡋᆶ٬ޑᅿၭ҇ ᇡӕޑނ፦ᆶໆਔǴၭ҇ӢࣁჹғౢԜբޑނаቚуբೌמਔᏤΕжਭ Զܭ၂Ƕ
ߕуሽޑѝԖঁǴ൩ࢂӧගଯՅౢࠔޑჴҞځӚᅿБݤޑԖॊ܌Զ ᘶࠔǴԾฅ൩ޑၭౢࠔǴԶࢂϣ֖ပЎϯᆶЈཀޑόѝࢂѱύൂપځॶǴ٬ ᆶሽॶǴΨ٬ౢࠔ܄ᐱޑሽॶǴคύΨ൩ගଯΑѬӧѱύޑжڗԖѬคё ғౢޑӜࡋǶౢࠔԖΑॊޕ٠Ѻ໒ޣ፤ᗺǴΨ൩КၨܰѺޑԖΑՉᎍ ે๎ᆶϣ఼Ǵࡕុऩाӆ่ӝΒભуπޑౢࠔ໒วᆶхးǴ܈ाीҖ໔ᡏᡍǴ ՉᎍǴ൩ࡐޑҶ໕ᢀӀౢ่ӝǴՉΟભϯ܈ڂाᆶচໂБऍ१ǵቼ౼܈ ǵआ㈻ǵआᝥԯǵआᕫԯǵқ⽋Ϙǵلዿǵԯǵᐋײ՜วགྷǶፏӵλԯǵۯܰ ഁǵξǵᖖǵᛯЈǵξधҐǵਦԮแǵጂԮแǵᜎᑎแǵؾᓐǵଯఉǵ ...ᜪǵढഞلጳǵଭǵДਲǵଷለዀǵӀ݀ᓪဗǵངҏηǵচғڈӦҐǵᐋᖘǵ ǴёҔ೭ঁኳԄٰቚуౢࠔߕуނচՐ҇բޑӭаભғౢࣁЬ ٩ᏵǶޑሽॶǴࣗԿࢂࣁวࠔจ
ϩǴကߓٚξӦԖόϿӵၽᑐ༜ǵᆸԔǵΎޑଢ଼ౢวڜԶ൩ ଢ଼ಷ༜ǴڜޑඦӜلଢ଼ڜଢ଼ၭарౢଯࠔ፦߷ैڜݓξڑறዟғᄊၭǵ ߓٚξΨӧޑଢ଼ౢᎍǴ٬ӛаଯξૡᆪӜڜଢ଼λၭϷڜޑЪҭԖόϿൂѺᐱର ԾฅచҹޑԖᓬࠆڀӦନΑـख़ाӦՏǴᡉޑલ܈კэԖόёހଢ଼ڜѠ ଢ଼ڜܘНྗǶԶᒿ୯ϣѦჹଯੇڀςࣗ֡ೌמଢ଼ਭᆅᆶࡕೀуπڜѦǴ ೭٤ԋф܈ӜࡋǴޕଯޑଢ଼ӧ୯ѦѱڜቚуǴаϷѠᆒࠔѱሡޑل ᙦᡍϷޑӧࠔจวځ௲ᏢϐѦǴ൩ೌמёӧऀఖӚပՉޣӜޕޑᔼ ࠔ፦ᑔᒧϷࡕᇙೀلଢ଼ڜၗྍǴࡌՉڗշݾڐଯࡋǴޑೌמғౢ ޑǴӵԜߡёߓٚξلଢ଼ڜޑჴᡍ࠻Ǵύೀߓٚξғౢ܈ύѧπቷޑуπ ଢ଼рαڜଢ଼ᄟ໒ڜߓٚξޑᓬ༈Ǵаଯࠔ፦ǵቫԛӭǵᎩᜩᙦೌמکԾฅచҹ ޑεߐǶ
ୖԵЎ
ٯ҉ុၭวϐჴ፬- аཥԮᑜӾҡໂҡድပࣁޗচՐ҇ 2014 ޱՖݒ ԾǺڗ ൔزཥчѱࡹ۬ 104 ԃࡋԾՉࣴ https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ca d=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiJir2A2LXOAhWBKJQKHWihDqoQFggcMAA &url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shulin.land.ntpc.gov.tw%2Fuploaddowndoc%3Ffil e%3Dform%2F201604121632450.pdf%26filedisplay%3Dsubject-104.pdf%26fl ag%3Ddoc&usg=AFQjCNGsb9f8QZo1071C6ucYONQyFHMXOA&sig2=ORU pstlpOVIjKX4oog1D_AǶ
104 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ཀကᆶࡷᏯ Ѡҥൔޑε 2012 চຎഁǺচՐ҇ӦՉԖᐒၭ۔ http://www.lihpao.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-114636Ƕ ҇ 105 ԃ 5 Д ޗଢ଼ౢวᓔуπࡕᇙᡍ ύѧ೯ૻڜ߀◔ 2016 ੀݓԖᐒ ԾǺhttp://www.cna.com.tw/news/aloc/201605030238-1.aspxǶڗ В 3 วीฝය҃ൔǶނεচՐ҇ύЈ 2010 ࠄᑜচՐ҇Ӧচғ ӧ চՐޔεচՐ҇ύЈ 2014 ವլؠࡕख़ࡌᝬीฝԋ݀ਜ─চٰ ཥчѱǶہ҇ εচՐ҇ౢਓၯᆛ http://www.masalu.org.tw/show_interview.asp?p_id=6Ƕ ୯ ٯɡађ֞ǵߓٚξǵܿξࣁزଢ଼ౢЎϯࣴڜᙁน 2013 ᆵࠄӦ ᅺγፕЎǶ܌زҥᆵࠄεᏢѠЎϯࣴ
ᇞᖴ
วಃނᆾࠄᑜࡹ۬চՐ҇ՉࡹֽȨࠄᑜচՐ҇Ӧচғ܍ҁЎ ζγЍǴԜҙᖴǶӕਔΨჹਔΚູޑයीฝȩံշϷਔҺֽߏ շуڐᓔᝄཥЬҺǵނ୯ҥԾฅࣽᏢറޑۓᅿ᠘ނ௦ǵҖፓǵނշ҇ڐ շၗᇆǵፓǵ༼ǵࡌڐలችԴৣǴаϷسε१ࠔࣽᏢޑπౢࠔ໒ว ठനుٳԖπբӕϘǴ܌Цว௲ϷύЈޑᔞǵ࠹Ꮴࢲᒤᆶԋ݀ጓኗ ٮၽᑐ༜БࡹউӃғϷपੀՉᎍԖज़ϦљണᕴόսගܭᖴཀǶԜѦჹޑ ᆶၗǴҭԜठᖴǶـཀ
105 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Practical Experiences on Promoting the Specialty Crop Industry in Indigenous Areas
Chin-Hsiung Hung, Ling Hsueh, Lin-si Hsieh
National Chiayi University
Abstract The specialty crop industry has grown rapidly in the indigenous areas of Taiwan over the last few years. Many tribal communities are dedicated to identifying and developing traditional crops that are of cultural importance and can demonstrate local characteristics as well. Also, a few local farmers from different communities are actively pursuing the preservation and restoration of endangered native crop varieties. As a result of these ongoing efforts, the specialty crops industry has become a crucial part of the indigenous agricultural industry. This article, therefore, firstly highlights the preparation required for initially developing the specialty crop industry, based on the experiences that we assisted local government in promoting the investigation on locally native vegetation in Nantou County. We present a set of sequential practices that can be used for converting native plants into specialty crops, including ethnobotanical studies, preliminary screening assessment, propagation of the selected plant materials, and development of indigenous plant based foods. In the second part of the article, we focus on the latter stages of the industry development process such as crop production, operation management and marketing. Two successful local coffee businesses, Tsoustructive Garden in Alishan, Chiayi County, and Taiwu Coffee in Taiwu, Pingtung County, were chosen to compare their achievements in four main functional areas of management – production, personnel, marketing, and research and development. Finally, the key factors critical to their success were identified. This study concludes that the most important and key concept in developing indigenous specialty crops is planting right crop in right land. Additionally, for either a small farm holder who is committed to creating own brand or a farmers’ cooperative with greater production and marketing resources, to successfully develop the specialty crop industry requires not only to have a right product but to constantly improve skills, product quality and research and development ability.
Keywords: indigenous specialty crop, indigenous (locally native) plant, coffee business, specialty coffee
106 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
Sustainable Community Development in a Northern Mountainous Area of Vietnam - Experiences of the Muong ethnic group -
Dr. Mayu Ino
Director of Seed to Table, NPO
Abstract After suffering long-term wars, Vietnam changed its economic policy from a state managed economy to a market economy in 1986 to pull itself out of economic recession. Since the 1990s, Vietnam has made a remarkable economic recovery, and agriculture has played an important role in the process of economical development. However, after 20 years, the economic disparities of rural and urban areas have expanded and serious environmental pollution and destruction has been a by-product of economic development. Seventy percent of the population in Vietnam is still living in rural areas, therefore, protecting natural resources and ecosystems are essential to sustainable living. Vietnam is a culturally diverse country with54 different ethnic groups. In recent years, with the improvement of infrastructure and the spread of broadcast TV, many ethnic groups living in remote areas have started receiving outside information. Through this contact, the lives of ethnic groups have been gradually changing. Many young people from ethnic minorities go to the cities in search of cash incomes. The valuable indigenous knowledge of utilizing and surviving on natural resources and the culture of local crop varieties are gradually being lost. Within this context, I have been working since 2009 with the Muong ethnic group, one of the 54 ethnic groups living in Vietnam. My aim was to explore local natural resources and biodiversity, the wisdom of how to survive in a mountainous area, and the local food culture that the Muong have inherited from their ancestors. I wished to record all this knowledge such that it could be handed down to the next generation. In this article, I describe the current situation in rural areas of Vietnam and the work of Seed to Table, and posit what will be needed for sustainable community development in the rural areas of Vietnam.
KeywordsĻġVietnam, Muong ethnic group, Sustainable community development, indigenous varieties, community based eco-tourism
107 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
1. Introduction: Economy and Agriculture in Vietnam Vietnam has a population of about 93 million people and some 329,000 square kilometers of land. It is an elongated country from north to south, rich in both natural resources and biodiversity. The country is home to 54 ethnic minority groups, each with their own lifestyle and individual culture. In the 20th century, Vietnamese people suffered great hardships from a long-term civil war, and ultimately established a Socialist country. Below, I describe the impact of more recent economic reforms on the lives and livelihoods of rural people.
2. After the 'DoiMoi' economic reforms Along with many communist countries in the 1980s, Vietnam's economy was collapsing and faced long-term stagnation. People throughout the country were exhausted by the privations of the long-term war compounded by the shortcomings of the planned economy. In 1986, the Communist Party introduced economic change in the form of a ‘Doi Moi’ (or renovation) policy in order to improve the serious economic situation. This economic liberalization stimulated production and by 1989 Vietnam had switched from being a rice importer to a rice exporter.6 Since the implementation of the 'Doi Moi' policy, Vietnam has achieved remarkable economic growth and has rapidly entered the global economy. Vietnam officially joined the WTO in 2007 and economic indicators have shown continual growth. For instance, FDI increased from 4.8 billion USD in 1998 to 20.2 billion USD in 2014, exports increased from 9.3 billion USD in 1998 to 150.1 billion USD in 2014, and GDP per capita has grown from 359 USD in 1998 to 2,073 USD in 2014.7 Since the 2000s the World Bank has considered Vietnam a middle-income country. However, this rapid economic growth has also created economic disparity and resultant poverty. In order to improve the situation, the government set up a national target program for hunger eradication and poverty reduction. Along with many development programs implemented by international aid agencies such as the UN, and foreign NGOs, the Vietnamese government also spent a huge amount of money to improve infrastructure in the Northern remote mountainous areas that had the highest rates of poverty in Vietnam. After some decades, the poverty rate in Vietnam has declined from 37%8 in 1998 down to 5.8-6%9 in 2014. Conditions in the Northern mountainous areas were greatly improved and people were able to buy many commodities including materials and food like in the major cities. These changes are
Ԣ(2009) p.576 7 Website of Tổng cục thống kê, JETRO, World Bank 8 The World Bank (2012) p.17 9BáoLao Động (Lao Dong Newspaper, Online, 17/1/2015)
108 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт impressive at a national level, but what is the reality of people's lives in local rural areas, especially in the remote highlands of northern Vietnam?
3. Agriculture during economic change In Vietnam, nearly 70% of the population live in the countryside, and around 50% of the population is engaged in agriculture. Agriculture is a central industry for many people in Vietnam. After Doi Moi, farmland was allocated to individual households. As a consequence, most farmers in Vietnam currently manage very small-scale land holdings. According to Kết quả Tổng điều tra Nông thôn, Nông nghiệp và Thủysản 2011 (Results of the 2011 Rural, Agricultural and Fishery Census) of Tổng Cục Thống Kê (Vietnam General Statistic Office), some 69% of farmers manage less than 0.5ha of land, and half of those farm less than 0.2ha.10 These small-scale farmers can only produce small volumes of agri-products, such as rice, vegetables, fruit and livestock. On the other hand, expanding single cash crop cultivation, such as corn, led to the heavy use of chemical fertilizers and herbicides, which in turn led to natural resources such as drinking water sources becoming contaminated. In addition, non-timber forest products (NTFPS), such as wild flowers and medicinal plants, have been harvested excessively by local people and/or outsiders for cash incomes. These resources are still essential for the lives of ethnic minorities. Traditional cultures including languages, food and local varieties are facing danger of extinction. Everyday children are watching TV programs in the official Vietnamese language. Some children no longer speak their own ethnic language. Young people are enamored by rich urban lifestyles and try to emulate it in rural areas. In the30 years since Doi Moi, many Vietnamese have enjoyed and benefited from economic growth. However, more recently, Vietnamese people have seen the negative impacts of economic growth clearly in environmental degradation and the lost of local culture and identity, which are also needed for sustainable development. In this paper, I introduce a case study of sustainable community development working with Muong ethnic people living in a Northern mountainous region to consider the future direction and methods of further sustainable development in rural areas of Vietnam.
10Tổng cục thống kê (2012) p44
109 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
4. Life of Muong people in Nam Son Commune, Tan Lac District, Hoa Binh Province Nam Son Commune, Tan Lac District in Hoa Binh Province is located 130km north-west of Hanoi, at an altitude of around 900m. Nam Son Commune has seven villages with a population of about 1,600 people. Almost the entire population is of Muong ethnicity. Muong people traditionally plant rice, raise livestock and utilize natural resources from forests and rivers. They also grow a combination of traditional varieties of maize, millet and beans on sloping land and keep some traditional vegetable seeds such as pumpkin and leaf vegetables. Muong people are very good at using materials obtained from the forest to make tools, houses and have a good knowledge of medicinal plants and how to use them. Rich surrounding biodiversity has helped shape the Muong's food, culture and lives in Nam Son Commune.
Fig. 1. Map of Tan Lac district, Hoa Binh province
I have been working in Nam Son Commune since 2003 through the activities of a Japanese NGO. When I visited Nam Son Commune for the first time, I was moved by the beautiful scenes I found. There was rich forest, terraced rice fields and streams. I could see many small creatures living in the clear waters and tall native species of rice tossed in the wind. In the evening, children harvested edible grasses in the paddy fields for an additional dinner dish. Children told me that they could harvest different types of edible grasses in each season. They had been walking through the forest and rice paddies following their grandparents and parents, and remembered which kind of plants or small creatures were edible or could be used as medicine.
110 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
Fig. 2. Beautiful landscape of Nam Son Commune
Fig. 3. Children harvested different types of edible grasses in Nam Son Commune
Meals in Nam Son Commune are one of the most attractive things for outsiders. Most food is made or grown with their own hands at Nam Son Commune, except for salt and nuoc mam (fish source) that villagers cannot produce in the village. There were many local varieties in the dishes, such as rice, millet, maize, leaf vegetables, legumes, free-range chicken and local pigs. Local chickens and pigs were fed with local vegetables, rice bran and maize, so the meat was delicious. When villagers cooked those high quality meats, they used the leaves of Mac Mat (Clausenaindica) and pomelo to wrap the meat and grill it. Other local specialties including rats, silkworm, wasp and the larvae of dragonflies were also served. In late spring,
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villagers make pickles of bamboo shoots as preserved food. They also eat steamed papaya leaves, which are rich in vitamins. Villagers make rice wine and put 'chuoi hot rung' (a kind of wild banana) in it for good health. When villagers organize a wedding party or funeral ceremony, not only relatives, but almost all the households in the village help the family. Guests usually bring rice, rice wine and pork for the family serving meals to the guests. Villagers also help each other build their houses. The villagers are very much united and help each other. Agriculture is the main source of cash income for the people in Nam Son Commune. However, because of the mountainous terrain, villagers only have small pieces of land. Their main crops are rice and maize. They grow rice twice per year, the winter-spring crop and the summer-autumn crop. Most agricultural work is through human power and water buffalo or cow. Maize is planted with beans and millet on the sloping land. The average rice field area of each of household is 0.1- 0.2ha, and sloping land area is about 0.2 ~ 0.3ha. After Doi Moi, along with farmers across thewhole county, agricultural land allocation was carried out. In Nam Son Commune, the farmland was divided between the population of the time. Due to population growth, the farmland area of individual households has been getting smaller. In addition, since the forest protection law was enacted in the early 1990s, people in Nam Son Commune have not been able to exploit forest land to cultivate. Because Nam Son Commune is located in buffer zone of the National Park, villagers have to protect the forest areas. Villagers are required to make effective use of the small agricultural land area they have. A change came to the lives of the people in Nam Son Commune in 2005. Through the National Poverty Reduction Policy, the Chinese-made F1 species of rice was introduced to Nam Son Commune. However, there were no trials before planting the new variety of rice so villagers did not understand the risks. Eventually disease was discovered and the villagers lost the harvest. The Tan Lac authority and plant protection office took three years to eradicate this disease. In 2009, another problem occurred. Villagers who had been using the Chinese F1 rice variety were not provided with any seed due to crop failure in China. Most villagers had just switched from local varieties to the Chinese F1 variety. Therefore, many villagers could not get the Chinese F1 seeds and had to give up one crop. After this incident, many villagers reevaluated the local varieties and some of them started planting them again. Improvements in infrastructure have also brought changes to the villagers' way of life. Due to road construction funded by the poverty reduction policy, villagers expanded the areas of maize cultivation to earn cash incomes. There was no longer a 'muddy road' during the rainy season, and villagers bought motorbikes and went to paddy fields for work. The use of chemical fertilizers and herbicides were rapidly
112 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт accepted. But representatives of the local authority raised concerns about the pollution of water sources and asked Seed to Table to provide training on organic farming techniques. Thanks to road construction, the Muong people of Nam Son Commune have access to more cash income. And the money economy penetrates into the life of the villagers; especially young people have been pressured to earn more. Many of the young previously went to Malaysia or the Southern areas of Vietnam for working the 2000s, however, the cost of living was high and they could not save enough money to bring home. Now young people don't leave their village for long-term work, but pick up seasonal labor work in nearby Hoa Binh Province. In the current situation as previously mentioned, supporting the younger generation, effective use of narrow farmland to get cash income, reevaluating local varieties and protection of natural resources and biodiversity are all necessary for the sustainable development of the community and to provide a stable life for villagers.
5. Sustainable Community Development in Nam Son Commune In order to support the younger generation and achieve sustainable development in Nam Son Commune, Seed to Table cooperates with youth to conduct the following activities.
(1) Restoring indigenous varieties of rice This activity has been carried out since 2009 and three types of local rice varieties have been restored in Nam Son Commune so far. In this activity, young people ask the elderly to provide information about the many different varieties of local rice that were planted in the past. The results show that seventeen different varieties of rice, including sticky and non-glutinous rice, were planted in Nam Son Commune. We helped villagers to print profile books and provided copies to them. In the first year, only eight households participated in our activity, but after three years, the number of households increased to 50. We will continuously work with villagers to record information of indigenous vegetables, beans, maize and fruit. We also have a plan to organize guest seminarstovisit Nam Son Commune and introduce more local varieties and biodiversity in Nam Son Commune through an ecotourism program.
(2) Exploring and recording the natural resources and ecosystems of the village, and the installation of the "Nature and living museum" To understand the cause and effect of water pollution, we work together with young people and children to explore the flow of water in each village starting from a water source and examine whether there is pollution. If there is problem, youth and children discuss possible solutions and make an activity plan. Another activity is
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discovering small creatures, butterflies and plants in the waters and forest to better understand the local ecosystem. After exploring the local ecosystem, youth and children catch some insects and collect the leaves of plants as samples. They also collect tools and furniture, such as baskets and trays made from forest materials and exhibit them at the meeting hall in each village. We call each display a 'nature and living museum'. Through these activities, children have collected over 50 kinds of plants from the forest, 30 kinds of butterflies and 20 kinds of insects and small creatures from paddy fields and streams. Children and youth also asked their parents and grandparents about each kind of species they found, such as its lifecycle, predators and food, to make a 'profile sheet' to share this information with villagers and visitors. Young people knew there were 'lots of living things' in the paddy fields, streams and forest. But in the process of collecting this information, young people counted the specific number of small creatures and they found how rich their local ecosystems were. In addition, through exchange workshops with Japanese high school students, younger generations in Nam Son Commune were encouraged and motivated to protect biodiversity and indigenous knowledge that had been handed down from their ancestors. The Japanese students were surprised by the richness of the biodiversity and local knowledge of the people that allow them to utilize natural resources sustainably in Nam Son Commune. Through this activity, the youth in Nam Son Commune do not use chemical pesticides and herbicides because they don't want to harm the beautiful butterflies, insects and plants.
(3) Providing training on organic farming technologies and the adverse effects of chemical pesticides and herbicides After planting and selling such cash crops as maize, villagers in Nam Son Commune have been able to get extra cash income. Therefore, many of the villagers began to use chemical herbicides and pesticides to reduce the amount of hard labor. The leaders of Nam Son Commune already understood that environmental protection and natural resource management would be necessary to maintain the quality of human life. So they asked us to provide training on organic farming techniques and talk about the harmful effects of chemical pesticides and herbicides. First, I organized training on the benefits and adverse effects of chemical pesticides and herbicides. Then, I provided a quick test for the youth and examined whether water sources were contaminated with chemicals or not. Fortunately, the results showed that the water resources in Nam Son Commune were not contaminated. Through this activity, young people and other villagers decided to stop using chemical herbicides and pesticides. Also they started making compost instead of using chemical fertilizers. In near future, we hope that the number of households practicing organic
114 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт farming techniques will increase and that organic agricultural products will be introduced to outside visitors.
(4) Improving awareness of public health and sanitation Traditionally, the Muong people do not use inside toilets. However, due of population growth and the demand to keep villages clean, the building of toilets has increased. We prioritized poor households and public places such as meeting halls in each hamlet to distribute funds for toilet construction. We provided funds for 50% of the budget for toilet construction and asked poor households to pay the rest. If we provide 100% of the budget, some villagers do not construct toilets and use the materials for other purposes. By applying this method, 52 toilets were constructed and 10 more toilets were built by the villagers themselves. Also, a training event was run to raise awareness of public health and sanitation. Youth performed a short play based on real stories from the village. They also made 'dresses' from nylon bags or natural materials like leaves to organize a fashion show. It was a lot of fun, but also reminded villagers about local environmental issues.
(5) Promoting community based Eco-tourism In collaboration with the villagers in Nam Son Commune, we have conducted a lot of activities aimed at protecting natural resources and biodiversity. However, it is also necessary for villagers to get a cash income to maintain a stable lifestyle. We discussed with young people and leaders in Nam Son Commune the possibility of promoting eco tourism. The point was how to keep a balance between earning money and protecting nature and their traditions. Youth in each village started to make a tour plan to introduce the most attractive things in each village. They discussed what kind of activities could be introduced about the Muong people's life, traditions and local biodiversity. They also developed a seasonal menu to introduce the traditional food culture of the Muong people. In the process of developing their activity plan, young people found that their village was full of interesting activities and things that could be introduced to visitors, including walking to see beautiful landscapes and exploring the rich biodiversity, good quality food, experience in making bamboo or rattan tools, and good traditional singing and dancing. Also, young people discussed how to divide profits equally and use it for sustainable community development. In this September, Nam Son Commune will host its first guest group.
Epilogue Vietnam's economy is now in recession. Many Vietnamese cannot predict what will happen next. Creativity and taking action are necessary to revitalize the economy as well as maintain sustainable community development. There are many in the
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younger generation who want to start a business with passion and ethics, including the youth of Nam Son Commune. We will connect young people in rural and urban areas, domestic and international, and help them to develop local businesses based on agriculture, their rural area and tradition.
References Japanese Ҳܿ҅ 2007 Ȩ嗺嗩嗫嘁喘嗔嘂㱃㯹Ϸ喝嗔嘂ᒡр嘂嗌嗬嗛嘁ȩȬѳԋ 18 ԃ ࡋੇѦၭൔϩ٣嗃嗙嗃εࢩԀӦୱϷ喝ύ㡚Ӧୱ१ᙂၭൔፓ 㜘 p. 27-57ǶڐΚ嘘Ҭࢬڐ㦞ϩ㴵٣㡷ࡼൔਜȭ 㡚ሞၭ݅ Ҳᛯ҅η 2003 Ȭ嗉嗚嗬嗘嗧嗄Ȥബғȥ喒㡚҇㡚ৎ嗺嗩嗫嘁! ύຫ㡚ნӦୱ嗠 嗅―嘘嗭嘔喘߈жȭ ΟϡޗǶ ǶޗҲᛯ҅η 2008 Ȭ҇喒啮啰ࡹݯ―嗺嗩嗫嘁҇ϩᜪ喘㾹ў喒ӧȭ Οϡ 㠷ଯប喘ނ喔ዼޑԢৰў 2009 Ȩ嗌嘔嗩嘋嘙嘍嗾嘙嗩Ǻ嗺嗩嗫嘁 ―Шࣚ ङඳ喒喔喍喉嗔嘂ᒡрε㡚喘ӛ―ȩಃ 2 കȬѳԋ 20 ԃࡋ嗌嘔嗩嘋嘙嘍 ၗಃ 5 㛦 ၭزΒ㡚໔]ࣴ]ز嗾嘙嗩Ǻύ㡚, 嗺嗩嗫嘁ȭ Չࡹ㟂㟕ձࣴ Ƕ܌زН㰗ࡹࣴ݅ ઓՊऍ 2006 Ȩ嗺嗩嗫嘁ɡ㡚ሞѱ喒喘喎喔啶喴喼ம喫喉ၭ嘘ၭ喒喇喘 ӦୱৡɡȩಃΟകȬ嗑嘎嘙嗱嘋嗝嘙嗘嘈嘔喒㡚ၭѱ喘㥐ϯɡी Ƕ܌زਜ! ख़㭦ጓ 嗃嗙嗃ࣴز䎫ɡȭ ፓ㦞ൔࣴཷޑ 㞯Җ҅Οጓ 2012! Ȭ嗺嗩嗫嘁喘ၭ䱆ɡଯࡋ㱃㯹ԋߏΠ喘ၭ㱃㯹喘㥐ȭ Ƕ܌ز嗃嗙嗃㱃㯹ࣴ Вҁ㡚Ѧ୍࣪ Ȩ嗺嗩嗫嘁୷ᘵ嗨嘙嗠ȩ http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/vietnam/data.html (accessed July 20, 2016)Ƕ Вҁຩܰਁᑫᐒᄬ Ȩ嗺嗩嗫嘁୷ᘵൔ嘘ीȩ http://www.jetro.go.jp/world/asia/vn/basic_01/#block5 (accessed July 20, 2016)Ƕ ཥɡԋ݀喒ፐᚒɡȩಃΟകȬ嗺嗩嗫嘁喘ѱڇഁࠀ! 1996 Ȩ嗺嗩嗫嘁ၭ喘 㛇ਜ No.462 Ԯ㚵ॕ嘘ഁࠀጓ! 嗃嗙嗃㱃ز㱃㯹ϯ喒㱃㯹䱆ȭ ࣴ Ƕ܌ز㯹ࣴ
English European Union Funded Environmentally & Socially Responsible Tourism (ESRT) Capacity Development Programme and WWF-Vietnam. 2013. Vietnam Community Based Tourism Handbook - A Market Based Approach. Hanoi. Phan, N.H., Quan, T.Q.D., and Le, K.T. 2002. Ecotourism in Vietnam: Potential and Reality. Disaster and Rehabilitation,Issue 2. Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia. http://kyotoreview.org/issue-2-disaster-and-rehabilitation/ecotourism-in-vie tnam-potential-and-reality/
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World Bank. 2012. Well Begun, Not Yet Done: Vietnam’s Remarkable Progress on Poverty Reduction and the Emerging Challenges. Hanoi: World Bank.
Vietnamese Bộ Tài Nguyên và Môi Trường. 2010. Báo cáo môi trường Quốc gia năm 2010 Tổng quan Môi trường Việt Nam. Hà Nội. Bộ Lao Động – Thương Binh và Xã Hội. Trang thông tin Quốc gia về Giảm nghèo bền vững. http://giamngheo.molisa.gov.vn/(accessed July 20, 2016) Chính Phủ Nước Cộng hòa Xã hội Chủ nghĩa Việt Nam. Luật Du Lịch của Quốc hội Nước Cộng Hòa Xã Hội Chủ Nghĩa Việt Nam Số 44/2005/QH11 Ngày 14 tháng 6 năm 2005. http://chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/hethongvanban?class_id=1&mod e=detail&document_id=32495 (accessed July 20, 2016) Chính Phủ Nước Cộng hòa Xã hội Chủ nghĩa Việt Nam. Chiến lược Phát triển Kinh tế-Xã hội 2001-2010. http://www.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/NuocCHXHCNVietNam/T hongTinTongHop/noidungvankiendaihoidang?categoryId=10000714&articleId= 10038387 (accessed July20, 2016) Diệu Linh. 2015. Băn 2015: Giảm tỉ lệ hộ nghèo cả nước xuống dưới 5%. Báo Lao Động, Ngày 17 tháng 1 năm 2015. http://laodong.com.vn/xa-hoi/nam-2015-giam-ti-le-ho-ngheo-ca-nuoc-xuong-duo i-5-289053.bld Lâm Vũ. 2014. Phát triển du lịch cộng đồng : Cần có chính sách đặc thù. Báo Hà Nội Mới, Ngày 13 tháng 9 năm 2014. http://hanoimoi.com.vn/Tin-tuc/Du-lich/705147/phat-trien-du-lich-cong-dong-ca n-co-chinh-sach-dac-thu Tổng Cục Thống Kê. 2012. Kết quả Tổng điều tra Nông thôn, Nông nghiệp và Thủysản 2011. Hà Nội:Nhà xuất bản Thống Kê. Tổng Cục Thống Kê. http://www.gso.gov.vn/Default.aspx?tabid=217 (accessed July 20, 2016)
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118 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
চՐ҇ပҶ໕ਓၯౢᇶᏤϐวᖿ༈߃ ٯើӦࣁەɡаጪǵ
ྼٵ҅ǵᔎϟΟǵЦက๓ǵቅᑫᄪǵယΓ◖ǵቅ
ጪၭׯؼہՉࡹଣၭ
ᄔा
ࣁਡЈǴճҔচՐ҇ပЎϯۺࣁပၭౢǴаȨӦౢӦȩཷ ډޣౢǴ֎ЇނϷᙦғᄊᕉნϐᓬ༈Ǵ่ӝᢀӀǵғᄊϷচՐ҇բ ၭਓၯወΚϐပǴхࡴНǵ݊ᛥǵϼЃⓚǵᑫڀပՉၭᡏᡍǶᇶᏤ ऍǵᙃᛥǵࠄӼǵᙦࠄပǴዬᗺӦғౢǵՉᎍǵΓΚǵ೯ၡၗڻၭǵ යᆶပԋӅӕᏉᆫബཀǴೕჄՅၭਓۓࡋȩǴڋྍǴᙖҗȨഉՔᇶᏤৣ ပҶ໕ਓၯౢǶޑձՅঁڀၯးՉำǴаว วወΚပȩǴӵڀပё٩ᏵҶ໕ਓၯวำࡋϩࣁΟᜪࠠǴϩձࣁȨ ݊ᛥပǵࠄӼပǹȨҶ໕ౢวύပȩǴӵᙃᛥပǵϼЃⓚပϷ ऍပϷӓԯжڻᑫ Lipahak ғᄊၭǹȨుࡋਓၯပȩǴӵНပǵ ԵǴӧԖᐒғୖޣ҂ٰပϣԖཀΕҶ໕ਓၯౢϐٮပǶᇶᏤᡍёග ౢǵғࢲǵғᄊޑࢎᄬΠǴၸပᏉᆫӅǴ่ӝচՐ҇ЎϯᆶԖᐒၭౢǴ ளϷပ܌ԖుࡋϐၭၯՉำǴ٬ပౢරϤભϯวǴቚуচՐ҇ڀೕჄ ᔮࢲΚǶ
ᜢᗖӷǺҶ໕ਓၯౢǵϤભϯౢǵӦౢӦ
119 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
قǵ
ၭғౢᇶޑଞჹচՐ҇ပۈጪၭׯؼԾ҇୯ 70 ԃжύයջ໒ ើەոΚǴᇶᏤၸхࡴޑࢂӧပԖᐒၭǴၸऊΟΜԃ׳ᏤǴ80 ԃ߃ ٫҇ǵӓьޑࠄξǵεࠄᐞӦϷНǵमгϷ݊ᛥပǴጪᑜۑѤޑᑜ ऍǵӓࠖఎǵடξǵࠄӼǵෝαǵᓉǵཥڻኬǵଭϼǵϼЃⓚǵࡂΚǵ ޗǵӓԯжǵҥξǵӼ೯ǵऴǵᙃᛥǵआယǵଭᇻǵᙦࠄǵуયયǵҥቺǵ ଯቧ 20 ӭঁပǶ
а׳วǴ߈ԃٰޑғౢǴሦරӛΒǵΟભౢޑൻׇஒပၭவભ ϷᝢಔۓǴଞჹӚပၭวલαीှ،БਢǴᔕۺȨပืαȩϐཷ Ǵ٬চሡޑೲ୍ܺပၭ϶ှ،ၭ٣זᇶᏤი໗Կပ࠼ᇙϯᏹբᆶᇶᏤǴ Ր҇ပӕኬ٦Ԗଯࠔ፦ᇶᏤၗྍ(݅ੀՙǴ2014)Ƕ
ᇶᏤය໔ӭаԖᐒғౢࣁБӛǴ௲চՐ҇ၭ϶ൺહ٠ᙯࠠԖᐒਭǴӕਔ Ǵᒤ࣬ᜢ௲ػ૽ግፐำǴගϲၭΓΚન፦ǴߦଞჹচՐ҇ၭౢวሡ চՐ҇ၭౢว(ࡼమҖǴ2013)Ƕ
ើǵጪӦচՐ҇ပՉၭၗྍዬᗺǴϩғౢǵەጪၭׯΨჹ วወΚǴՠޑԖՅၭਓၯڀᓬӍ༈ǴวပޑՉᎍǵΓΚǵ೯ၡၗྍ ӢનǴϣၗྍᗨᙦӭϡىӦՏǵҬ೯ၮᒡǵβӦճҔᆶമΚόܭज़ڙ ᇶޑࠅલЮӝ(Цက๓Ǵ2015)ǶӢԜǴ҂ٰԖѸाӧԖᐒғౢǵғࢲǵғᄊ ᏤࢎᄬΠǴၸပᏉᆫӅǴ่ӝၭғᄊᕉნǵচՐ҇ЎϯϷӦౢӦ ǴပၭරϤભϯౢวǶۺϐ
ࣁਡЈǴၸۺࣁΑပၭౢϤભϯǴጪၭׯаȨӦౢӦȩཷ ዬᗺӦБΓЎᆶԾฅၗྍǴᇶᏤပճҔচՐ҇ЎϯϷԾฅඳᢀϐᓬ༈Ǵ่ӝᢀ යᆶۓࡋȩǴڋғౢౢၗྍǴ٠ၸȨഉՔᇶᏤৣނӀǵғᄊϷচՐ҇բ ޑձပՅঁڀပԋӅӕᏉᆫബཀǴೕჄՅၭਓၯးՉำǴаයว ပҶ໕ਓၯౢǶ
ΒǵচՐ҇ပޑҶ໕ਓၯౢᇶᏤ
()ပޑҶ໕ਓၯౢ ਔ໔ǴёаԾޑഭᎩ܌Kelly(1996)ࡰрҶ໕ (Leisure) Ҷ໕ࢂᅿֹက୍ ׳ᚒǹҶ໕ޑࢲ܈ԄޑࢲܭၮҔǹҶ໕ΨࢂᅿࢲǴѝࢂৡձӧޑҗ གǴҭջىᅈޑᡏǴԖόӕ܈ڙᄊ)ѐ٦ރࢂᅿᡏᡍǴҔόӕϐᄊࡋ(Ј ཀ఼ǶޑԖঋ៝፦ໆ٠ख़ڀҶ໕
ကǴࣁᚆ໒ВதғࢲۚՐӦǴ۳ۓ٩ᏵШࣚᢀӀಔᙃჹਓၯ (Tourism) ϐ ஒᡏᡍᑼޣ࣬ᜢࢲϐᕴᆀǶϩᏢޑдҞځ܈ҬޗдӦБவ٣Ҷ໕ǵǵځ
120 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ߚځǴၮҔޑЈঅᎦǵ௲ػǵুϷၮҞيကǴ߯ࡰࣁၲۓޑ Tourism ܭΕ ளғࢲጄൎǴௗ߈όӕϐԾฅϷЎϯᕉნǴаޑਔ໔Ǵᚆ໒Вதғࢲ୮ޑπբ Ƕە᠘፞ǵҶ໕ࢲǵୖᆶႴᆸᆒઓᡏᡍ٣ޕᡂϯǴՉӚᅿޑ
ޑǴΨ൩ࢂࠔ܄ౢຎࣁȨֹӄ٩ᒘബཀǵঁձޗࠄ(1998)ࡰрځഋ ܄ǵӦБ܄ǵӦБਸ܄ǴࣗԿࢂπӐ܈᛬ೌৎޑᐱബ܄Ǵமፓޑࢂౢࠔޑ ғࢲ܄ᆶሽॶᆒઓϣ఼ǶȩǴȨࢂаޗޑǵӦБޑǵୱޑғౢಔᙃᆶϩπӝ യǶȩǶڗᎶΚک܄բࣁЬᏤǶӢࣁ೭ᅿౢࠠᄊόࢂаໆౢǴԶࢂаǵബཀǵঁ
ᆶѐ༟ӧӦҶ໕ਓୖޑҶ໕ਓၯౢᇶᏤǴᙖҗӧӦۚ҇ޑӢԜӧပ ౢࠠᄊǴճҔပഢǵӦǵғౢᆶԾฅᕉნϷЎϯޑၯՅǴ٠ଛӝӦ ၗྍǴၸೕჄीǴаวචҶ໕ਓၯϐфૈǴᡣၯ࠼ᡏᡍပޑԾฅᆶΓЎၗ ᆶགǴᙖԜගଯပۚ҇ԏǴߦပᔮࢲΚǶىᅈޑЈيډྍǴၲ
ᇶᏤޑΒ)ጪၭׯჹပౢ) ளڗહբᕉნǴβӦቶᗡǴεय़ᑈβӦޑើᑜᏱԖᓬ፦คԡࢉەጪᑜϷ ਭᕉნǴԶЪؒԖπޑ႖๊Ǵ൩рӭ࠾ഈޑԾฅӦᕉნډڙǴуܰ ΓЎϷԾฅၗྍᓬ༈Ǵ೭٤ޑԦࢉǴНၗྍϷၭമΚк؊Ϸᙦӭϡϯޑ ᅿᜪᙦЪπނӦচໂပՅբە୷ҁϡનǶޑࢂӝԖᐒၭว ᙯբԖᐒғނ໒วၨϿǴ࡞ӝԖᐒၭวǴӢԜጪၭׯаပՅբ ౢࣁБӛǴᑈཱུᇶᏤচՐ҇ၭ϶ൺહ٠ᙯࠠԖᐒਭǴวᆢៈပԾฅᕉნᆶ ၭݤǶޑғᄊ
ᆶပௗ٠ࡌҥଆუՔᜢ߯ǴዬᗺပၭۈᇶᏤࢬำࣁҗပൂืα໒ ᇶᏤი໗Ǵ٠ӭԛޑݩࡕǴଞჹόӕပᎁၶӚᅿ֚ᜤᝢಔӭय़ӛރౢϣѦ ᆶပྎ೯ҬࢬࡕӅӕೕჄပวҞᙔკǴ٠ၸჴӦᇶᏤவഉՔޑుΕ շ٬ᇶᏤၗྍคᕳௗॉ(݅ੀՙǴ2014)ǶڐշǴЇΕၠᆶၠୱڐٮᆶග
ޣԖᐒϐѦǴғౢزќѦǴӢᔈ୯ΓВख़ຎҶ໕ࢲϷӧӦǴନΑᖱ ޑՅறϷပڻޑᜢݙϐขᗺǴԶচՐ҇ޣࡺ٣ᆶՅΨࢂޑϷౢӦيҁ ᆶԖᐒҶ໕ၭ่ӝǴஒૈࣁচ፤ᗺǴऩૈޑԾฅғᄊҁٰ൩ࢂᢀӀਓၯ Ր҇ၭౢࡰЇวཥБӛ(ࡼమҖǴ2013)Ƕ
ǴЦက๓(2015)൩ጪၭׯख़ᗺᇶᏤޕᇡޑԶࣁΑᕕှၯ࠼ჹပਓၯ ပՉၯ࠼ၭၯᡏᡍޑᇡޕཀຝϐፓǴගрပҶ໕ਓၯёวϐБӛǴх ࡴǺ ڀΕပǴၸوғᄊӦඳᡏᡍǺวғᄊӦඳ௲ػࢲǴႴᓰΓॺ .1 ғౢǵނᕕှӦۚ҇ᆶғᄊӦඳϐ໔ϐҬϕբҔ(ӵ१څᡏᡍǴૈు ғᄊၭݤޕᕉნғᄊ)Ǵ٠วၭғᄊᡏᡍࢲǴаය٬ೖၯ࠼ᇡ Ƕۺዴᢀ҅ޑǴςࡌҥ҉ុၭ܄ख़ाޑ ϐ٬ҔǴ٠а଼நᆶӼނวচՐ҇܄س१ҔǺނ .2
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ྍܴϷٰނ१Ӽӄǵ१ޑӄϐ१ػी࣬ᜢ௲ᏢࢲǴ௲Ꮴၯ࠼҅ዴ ǴᆢៈβӦ଼நᆶᗉխᕉნઇᚯǶۺཷޑٚำނ෧Ͽ१ 3. ပޕ܄༾ਓՉǺ൩ပ܌ߥӸޑӦБၭǵЎϯǵ᛬ೌǵᓓ१Չᡏ ၯ࠼ᄌٮਓำύǴගޑอਔ໔ܭλਓՉǴԜᜪՉำёޑပܭೕჄឦ ԾฅғᄊᆶΓЎϐऍǶޑပښғࢲሽॶǴавಒࠔޑፓ
(Ο)ပҶ໕ਓၯౢޑᇶᏤᜪࠠ ޑᎁᕉნڬځշঁΓᕕှԾρϷڐကࣁǴۓShertzer and Stone(1981)ஒᇶᏤ ᅿၸำǶછფဂ(1998)ࡰрᇶᏤБԄԖࡰᏤࠠǵӝբࠠǵߚࡰᏤࠠΟᅿԄǴ ύࡰᏤࠠᇶᏤ߯ࡰӧၸำύۚЬᏤϐӦՏǴӧ่ᄬᆶ،தϟΕวචቹៜځ ΚǹӝբࠠᇶᏤ߯ࡰᚈБӅӕϩᏼೢҺᆶ،Ǵ۶ԜϕۚࣁѳӦՏǺߚࡰᏤࠠ ՉࡹޑѸाٮӧගޣೢीฝᆶՉǴᇶᏤॄځᇶᏤ߯ࡰаᇶᏤБࣁЬᡏǴЀ ჴ୍ᄽግٮวǴᇶᏤёаҔིኳҢጄǵᜢᚶЍǵගزЍජǶ݅ቺ(2001)ࣴ ϟΕǵൻׇᅌБԄǶޑǵਔٮᐒǵၗૻග
ԃࡋҶ໕ၭഉՔᇶᏤৣीฝύǴஒҶ໕ၭ 98 ܭہՉࡹଣၭ ϐᇶᏤख़ᗺϩࣁಔᙃၮբǵၭၗྍՅǵࡼᆢៈᆶᕉნᆅǵബཀ໒ว ୖᆶǵΓωػᆶᔼၮԋޗǵ܄ᆶᡏՉᎍǵှᇥᏤំᆶ៝࠼୍ܺǵϣёϷ ਏϷୱϣၭЊԋߏǶ
ӢԜӧပޑҶ໕ਓၯౢᇶᏤᜪࠠǴёϩࣁࡰᏤࠠᇶᏤǵӝբࠠࡰᏤǵᇶ Ꮴᆶᒌ၌୍ܺΟᜪǴᇥܴӵΠǺ ว،วචቹៜޑЬᏤӦՏǴӧပܭࡰᏤࠠᇶᏤǴӧᇶᏤၸำύۚ .1 ΚǴᔅပೕჄҶ໕ਓၯౢวБӛǶ ӝբࠠᇶᏤǴᇶᏤৣᆶပۚ҇ᚈБϩᏼೢҺᆶ،Ǵ۶ԜϕࣁѳӦՏ .2 ᆶӧӦۚ҇ӅӕፕပՅϷೕჄǶ ٮၮբǴԶᇶᏤৣ߾ӧගޑᇶᏤᆶᒌ၌୍ܺǴပԾՉॄೢीჄᆶՉ .3 Ѹाޑ࣬ᜢЍජǶ
ᇶᏤౣޑΟǵጪၭׯჹচՐ҇ပҶ໕ਓၯౢ
()চՐ҇ပՅၗྍዬᗺᆶว চՐ҇ပύǴᒧр 8ޑԃҗᇶᏤ 104 ܭጪၭׯࣁပҶ໕ౢǴ ᇶᏤǴϩձࣁНǵ݊ᛥǵޑပǴՉҶ໕ਓၯౢޑወΚޑวၭਓၯڀঁ ऍǵᙃᛥǵࠄӼǵᙦࠄပǴх֖ဂԖੀǵߓऍڻϼЃⓚǵᑫၭǵ ҢǶ܌ើϷጪӦϩթϐՏӵკەܭǵѲၭǴ
ࣁΑှӚပޑՅϷၗྍǴଞჹӚঁပՉၭᆶЎϯՅዬᗺᆶว ҢǶ܌Ǵ٠ၸჴӦೖፋόӕပҶ໕ౢᔼݩǴ่݀ӵ߄
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ϼЃⓚ
ᑫၭ ऍڻ ݊ᛥ ࠄӼ ᙃᛥ Н
ӓԯж
ើӦচՐ҇ပ ጪӦচՐ҇ပە Տკزკǵࣴ Fig. 1. The location of study area.
ើӦচՐ҇ပၭᆶЎϯՅە߄ǵጪǵ Table 1. Agriculture and culture characteristics of tribes in Yilan and Hualien area. ပӜᆀ ဂ ၭౢ ౢࠔࠔจ ᇡᆶക Ўϯ НዿǵआԺǵጫǵ Н ੀ Вᠴԯ Ԗᐒᇡ ࣍ᘪǵGagaǵᡫ౼ λԯǵਦԮแǵᐊ ╦Е३⏯ǵࠄҐǵՋҐǵ ݊ᛥ ੀ ค ค ࣍ᘪ आԺǵఏǵਲ НዿǵጂԮแǵߎଞǵ ਂങ౼ǵआᝥԯ౼ǵ ϼЃⓚ ߓऍ ԯಈӵᅽ Ԗᐒᇡ ഁϷᛯ ᙦԃ౼ ስఛǵഁǵᚇᙂǵҏ ᆘՅߥػകɡ ᑫၭ ߓऍ ԯၭ၀ ԯỐࢬ ԯǵНዿ ᕉᓍႚ ǵਂങڋλ ᆘՅߥػകɡ ԃស໘ભکНዿǵᚇᙂǵഁ ऍ ߓऍ คڻ ԯ ξޡ ౼ǵᙦԃ౼ ٽНዿǵလᢠߎǵߎӭ ᙃᛥ ߓऍ ᆸԯ Ԗᐒᇡ ᙦԃ౼ แ ᙏǵ Ը౼ǵᙦԏ౼ǵ౼غНዿǵᚇᙂǵ ࠄӼ Ѳၭ ค Ԗᐒᇡ ౡ࢈ǵНᇋਲ ᄳ౼ǵΖӝॣ НዿǵఘǵጂแǵਦԮ ᆘՅߥػകɡ ӓԯж ߓऍ ࠖԯ ᙦԃ౼ แǵ݀ᐋǵഁ Ѡܿ໔ݽ۟ម
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1.Нပ НပЬाࣁੀǴပၭౢԖआԺǵНዿǵλԯǵਦԮแǵଯհ ጫǵᐊǵ३⏯ǵՋҐբނǴԖԖᐒહբय़ᑈ 4.55 ϦഘǴᄍՉਭय़ᑈ ऊ 20.75 ϦഘǶӧӦԖᐒНዿаԖᐒВᠴԯࣁхးࠔจǴаԾ୧ࣁЬǶ ߈ԃٰวပးၯำᆶᡏᡍࢲǴаੀ Gaga ᆒઓࣁЬືǴว࣍ ښᘪЎϯՅၯำǴх֖Ԗ߆ᇯǵԮ฿ᡏᡍǵਦԮ۩ᅽᠸǵပْᘶǵੀ॥ ԃᒤᡫ౼Ǵςԋࣁ࣬คࢥᓓǵ࣍ᘪЎϯᡏᡍϷੀཡᝥԯǴќပ ࢂচՐ҇ပਓၯϐंǶ׳֎ЇΚǴڀॿഢϐၯำӧѱሥ܌ߐϐඳᗺǴ
2.݊ᛥပ ۳ϼѳξǵݓഊၭǵើξϷܴԣහ݅ၯܭᛥပЬाࣁੀǴՏ݊ ϐख़ाኰફǴࣁၯ࠼ख़ाϐҬ೯ኰફǶ ǶӧӦၭނပၭౢԖࢤЕ३⏯ǵࠄҐǵՋҐǵआԺǵఏǵਲբ ౢࠔۘคࠔจՉᎍǴаၭԏᖼᆶԾ୧ࣁЬǴҞۘควၭౢࠔᎍ୧Ϸуπ໒ วǶۚ҇ଽԖ࣍ᘪՉࣁǶ҇எҽҗߏଯ୯ࣁᖄᛠืαǴЬाࣁϼѳξǵ ၯ࠼ᓓᆶՐஎ୍ܺǶပϣԖΟ໔҇எǴϩձࣁٮݓഊၯ࠼ϐύᝩઠǴග ҇எϷኻԯ٥ӓǶޣৎǵ࣍ᘪޑЃ
3.ϼЃⓚပ ϼЃⓚပЬाࣁߓऍǴӧӦғౢբނЬाࣁНዿǵጂԮแǵߎଞǵഁ ϷᛯբނǴҞᑈཱུᙯࠠԖᐒਭǴςԖԖᐒНዿ 9 ϦഘǴԖᐒጂԮแᆶഁ ໔ǶЬाวޜᡏᡍᆶᓓޑԖֹڀ 6 ϦഘǶआᝥԯғࢲᓔࣁӦεՅǴ ᓓϷआښъВၯՉำǴҗᑵܴξᆶቅᐪ࣓ࣁᖄᛠืαǴх֖ပᏤំǵပ॥ х֖आᝥԯ౼ᆶਂങ౼Ƕڂᝥԯଚ DIY ᡏᡍࢲՉำǶပਸቼ
4.ᑫ Lipahak ғᄊၭ ᑫ Lipahak ғᄊၭՏܭጪᑜӀൺໂǴЬाࣁߓऍǴғౢբނЬाа ስఛǵഁǵᚇᙂǵҏԯǵНዿբނǴय़ᑈ 7 ϦഘǴҞԖᐒᡍय़ᑈࣁ 6.3 ϦഘǶပϝᆢԯỐࢬϐહբኳԄǴ۶Ԝϕ࣬ඤπၭǶᑫၭа ΒຼܭрҞǴຼϖԏൂǴ٠ۓႣޣٮΟӃගڬௗൂᎍ୧ࣁЬǴ ՉଛǴаၭӜကՉᎍ୧ǶҞวπբଷයǵѺπඤஎᆶၭ٣ᡏᡍࢲǴ ᑫၭҗᒘֻࣁᖄᛠืαǴπբଷයϩЬाሦၯ࠼ՉၭᏤំှᇥϷ ഁݻᡏᡍǴၯ࠼ಔԋЬाᏢਠიᡏ௲ᏢፐำϐλࠠიᡏǶ
ऍပڻ.5 ӭϡǴނऍပЬाࣁߓऍǴΞᆀࣁߓऍЎϯวྍӦǴӧӦғౢբڻ λԯǶౢکǵࢶઓǵഁلǵلǵғǵआلх֖Нዿǵฯ፦ҏԯǵε ऍပڻࣁਡЈǴวပుࡋਓၯᆶՉౢࠔՉᎍǶڐऍပЎϯวڻа ྛಭၮϐЎϯǴၸݱՃՉำǴᡏᡍۄذςวӭԃЎϯݱՃǴ่ӝၸѐճҔ ऍပߓऍϐඵችǶڻ
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6.ᙃᛥပ ޑᙃᛥပࣁࡾВϐᙑӜǴЬाҗߓऍಔԋǴပୖᆶҏٚԯౢӦക ᇡǴ௦ԾౢԾᎍࣁЬǴ໒วрԾԖࠔจȨᆸԯȩǴ٠ᑈཱུቶလᢠߎᅿǴԋ แԋࣁᙃᛥΟᝊǶٽǴᡣလᢠߎᆶԖᐒԯаϷߎӭޗҥᙃᛥလᢠߎၭౢࠔҾ ࣁЬाᖄပืαǴၯำх֖ߓڐวޗҞԖวВၯՉำǴаᙃᛥ ѠεဌӑᒃηறӑǵߓـDIYǵ࣮ ڀऍ߆ᇯᆸǵလᢠߎણуπၭ٣ᡏᡍǵԮᓓ Ћᕉπ᛬ DIY ՉำǴନᙃᛥӧӦނᆛЎϯᡏᡍϷଯቧပړऍኜΖ ԃᖐᒤᙦԃ౼ǶՉำѦǴҭᖄ่ᎃ߈ပᢀӀඳᗺՍᖄǶќ
7.ࠄӼပ ՅၗྍǴၸҏξ୯ৎϦ༜ёځၰࣁࠄӼပЬाࣁѲၭǴаґԯ ֎Їӭၯ࠼ٰǴပϐՅᆶЎϯҭࣁပϐߝᗺǶ ᙏǵౡ࢈ǵНᇋਲ݀ᐋǴۘغЬाаԖᐒНዿࣁЬǴќԖނӧӦғౢբ շԖᐒᡍǴ٠ሌοԯϷҏξሌՉՉࠨբǴҞۘڐคࠔจՉᎍǴЬाҗཁЈ ควၭౢࠔᎍ୧Ϸуπ໒วǶပਸЎϯх֖Ը౼ǵᙦԏ౼ǵ౼ᄳ౼ ᆶΖӝॣǶ
8.ӓԯжပ ǵᙦࠄԖᐒǵҡࣵНӥǵНكᜐඳᗺԖᙦࠄڬӓԯжЬाࣁߓऍǴ ԖНዿǵఘǵጂแǵਦԮแǵ݀ᐋǵβΓ⭂ǵพǵނዿఊҖඳᢀǶӧӦғౢբ ഢԖပးၯำᆶᡏᡍࢲǴပਓၯҗᙦࠄԖᐒڀނၰឮǵᝥԯᝦբه ࣁൂืαǴམଛပϐπբଷයϷၯᏢѠǴϩձрΒВၯϷΟВၯ ՉำǶ
Β)চՐ҇ပҶ໕ਓၯౢᔼݩᆶ֚ნ) ၸჴӦೖፋόӕচՐ҇ပҶ໕ౢᔼݩǴวပวҶ໕ਓၯౢ ԖаΠӈୢᚒǺ
ىಔᙃϩπ҂ֹ๓ᆶΓΚၗྍό.1 ҂ԖᔈჹҶ໕ౢϐϩπǴӵჹѦืαǵᓓ୍ܺΓǵှᇥᏤំΓ ϩπǴԖԜୢᚒޑပхࡴǺ ӵՖԿပਓၯǶޕࠄӼပคჹѦืαǴठ٬Ԗᑫ፪ϐၯ࠼ό (1) ΓΚϩπǶޑᑫၭаၭ٣ғౢࣁЬΚǴჹҶ໕ౢคݤՉԖਏ (2) (3) ݊ᛥပа҇எౢࣁЬǴᙯࠠҶ໕ౢԖ҇எԋᏼҺՉำௗࡑǴӢ ᆶख़᠄ǶىԜӧՐஎǵᓓǵᏤំှᇥ୍ܺϐΓΓΚό (4) ϼЃⓚပᗨԖಔᙃΓΚϐϩπǴՠӧᏤំᆶᓓ୍ܺϐΓΚख़᠄ࡋଯǴ य़ჹიᡏၯ࠼คݤԖਏЍᔈՉำೕჄǶ
ਓၯၗྍۘ҂ֹ๓ೕჄ.2 ҂ᙯࠠǴ҂ዬᗺӦБၯᏨၗྍǴՉำೕۘ܈ပவၭᙯࠠҶ໕ౢϐ߃ය ပхࡴǺޑϐਓၯՉำǴԖԜୢᚒۓڰۓჄόֹǴ҂ᇙ
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(1) ݊ᛥပᆶࠄӼပᗨԖཀᜫᙯࠠҶ໕ౢǴՠόޕӵՖՍᖄӦБҶ໕ၗ ࣬ᜢਓၯးՉำǶۓྍǴۘ҂ᇙ ၯܭᕕှำࡋǴჹۓᑫပҗၭᙯࠠҶ໕ౢϐ߃යǴᗨჹୱԖ (2) Սᖄۘ҂ִ๓ೕჄǶޑำ
ՏόܴዴۓҞ࠼ဂ.3 ՏόܴǴኳጋΑᔼҞᆶБۓӧวပਓၯਔǴόమཱѱᄊǴ࠼ဂ ਓၯࠠᄊǴႽࢂϼЃⓚပǵᙃᛥပǵࠄӼޑӛǴคݤଞჹѱวрӝ ပϷӓԯжပǶ
ىပѱሽૈΚό.4 ሽౣόֹǴܰਓۓՉำሽǴаठۓڋပวਓၯՉำਔǴ҂ ՉޗൾཀఠሽǴаၨեϐሽᖼວՉำǴ෧ϿӦБᕇճǴफ़եวҶ໕ౢϐཀ ᜫǴԖԜୢᚒޑပхࡴǺ (1) НပନΑԾՉჹѦܕᡙၯ࠼ѦǴќᆶਓՉޗӝբ֎Їი࠼ǴӢԜӧԾ ՉำሽǶۓڋӝբϐ໔Ǵ҂ޗᡙᆶਓՉܕՉ аၨեϐሽᖼວՉำǴ٬ӦБวޣϼЃⓚပᆶӓԯж߾ࣁਓՉ (2) ݩǶރҶ໕ౢԖόኦԋҁϐ
ىό܄ښၯำϐࢬᄣࡋᆶᡏᡍࢲ፪.5 ςว࣬ᜢਓၯՉำޑပύǴӢೀܭҶ໕ౢว߃යǴҶ໕ౢಔᙃ ࢂཥ໒วϐᡏᡍࢬำዕำࡋၨեǴӆዕ܈ѯǴמഢؼӳϐှᇥڀԖϿኧԋ ပхࡴǺޑǴԖԜୢᚒ܄ښᆶၯ࠼ϕБԄǴගϲᡏᡍࢲϐ፪ (1) ᙃᛥပӢӭኧࢲឦᐒᜢൂՏ܌ᖐᒤǴΓӭаᔈбБԄय़ჹǴჹܭᡏ ᡍࢲಒᆶࢬำϐࢬᄣࡋჹၯ࠼֎ЇำࡋၨեǶ ၂໘ࢤǴ٬ၯำܭཥၯำᆶᡏᡍǴϝۈНပԖပၭၯՉำǴӢ໒ (2) Ƕىό܄ښϐࢬᄣࡋᆶ፪
6.ၯำᆶပၭᖄ่ե ഢԖЎϯ፦ǴӵᙃᛥပလᢠڀပӭаၭࣁЬाౢǴϩၭౢࠔ ऍပᚇᙂǶՠပวҶ໕ᡏᡍӭаပЎϯࣁЬືǴᆶӧӦၭౢڻߎǵ ᖄ่܄եǴёቚуပၭౢޑᡏᡍаճӧӦၭޑቶՉᎍǶ
ϐᔼԏࣗϿۑਓၯ.7 ᔼԏৡ౦ࣗۑܮᆶۑޑǴਓၯۑۓܭပவ٣ϐҶ໕ᡏᡍࢲύ ࣬ၨϐۑܮаၭહࣁЬǴᆶۑऍပЬाவ٣ЎϯݱՃՉำǴਓၯϐڻεǴӵ ΠǴၭ҇ԏΕε൯෧ϿǶ
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Ο)চՐ҇ပҶ໕ਓၯౢวୢᚒϷှ،ჹ) ӧᕕှӚပวҶ໕ਓၯౢޑୢᚒࡕǴഉՔᇶᏤৣଞჹόӕပ܄௦ ࡰᏤࠠǵӝբࠠǵᒌ၌୍ܺࠠБԄǴᆶပӅӕೕჄӧӦၭၯՉำǴ٠ਥᏵڗ ҢǶ܌҂ٰҶ໕ਓၯวࡌǴӵ߄Βٮǵᔼୢᚒᆶݩග܄ပϐЎϯ
ើӦচՐ҇ပҶ໕ਓၯౢวୢᚒᆶှ،ჹە߄Βǵጪǵ Table 2. Development problems and solutions of tribe leisure tourism industry in Yilan and Hualien area. ပӜᆀ วୢᚒ ှ،ჹ ၯำሽǶۓሽ่ᄬᆶᇙۓᆶΓӅӕፕၯำ.1 ىѱሽૈΚό.1 2.ၯำϐࢬᄣࡋᆶᡏ 2.மϯੀᘪΓޑ Gaga ᆒઓǴΨ൩ࢂᘪΓᆶεԾฅӅӸӅᄪ ҽǶޑғࢲᡏᡍǴࢂၯำύၨ֎ЇΓޑ ىό܄ښᡍࢲ፪ Н ၭ٣࣬ᜢᡏᡍǴ໒วၭౢࠔуπᡏᡍǴӵआԺޑၯำᆶပၭᖄ 3.่ӝӧӦ.3 ե ៛ǵᎊᅄआԺǵၭ࣬ᜢᡏᡍǴගϲচԖભၭౢࠔ่ ϐߕуሽॶǶ ᎁਓၯၗྍՉ౦่ӝǴಔᙃӧӦวಔᙃǶڬಔᙃϩπ҂ֹ๓ᆶ 1.ଞჹပ.1 ीးՉำǴᕕှပਓၯၗྍǴೕჄޣᇶᏤပҶ໕.2 ىΓΚၗྍό ਓၯၗྍۘ҂ֹ๓ ъВၯՉำǴаੀ࣍ᘪЎϯࣁЬືǴวՅᡏᡍࢲǶ.2 ݊ᛥ ՅၗྍǴӵ३⏯ቧϐၭ٣ᡏᡍࢲǴ่ޑೕჄ 3.ၮҔӧӦၭౢ ၭ٣ᡏᡍǵচՐ҇܄ۑࢂပ܈३⏯௦ԏՉำǴޑДၯำᆶပၭᖄ ӝ.3 ่ե ഁ௦ЎϯǶ ख़ፄၮҔᆶ໕Ƕޑಔᙃϩπ҂ֹ๓ᆶ 1.ᆶΓӅӕፕၯำϐϩπǴᗉխΓΚ.1 ၩໆǴೕჄӝပၭ܍ᆶΓӅӕፕၯำёௗࡑϐၯ࠼.2 ىΓΚၗྍό Տόܴ ၯϐҞ࠼ဂǶۓҞ࠼ဂ.2 ၯำሽǶۓሽ่ᄬᆶᇙۓϼЃⓚ ዴ 3.ᆶΓӅӕፕၯำ ՍаआᝥԯғࢲᓔࣁਡЈख़ᗺǴी࣬ᜢϐᡏᡍՉำǴ.4 ىѱሽૈΚό 3 4.ၯำᆶပၭᖄ ᖄပՅඳᗺᆶЎϯǶวታ܊ᡏᡍࢲǴၸ१ Ƕ܄ښՅၭᆶЎϯǴቚబၯำ፪ޑե ЎϯϐୖᆶǴᖄ่ပ่ ख़ፄၮҔᆶ໕Ƕޑಔᙃϩπ҂ֹ๓ᆶ 1.ၭӅӕፕၯำϩπǴᗉխΓΚ.1 ǴႽࢂᇙբၭᏤំှᇥЋ܄ғᄊှᇥёගϲᆶၯ࠼ϐϕ.2 ىΓΚၗྍό ϐғᄊᏤំፐำǴቚ܄ۑࢂ࣬ᜢЎ࠹ࠔǴҭёी܈ਓၯၗྍۘ҂ֹ๓ нǴ.2 ᑫၭ ϐ֎ЇΚǶۑೕჄ уၭόӕ 3.ၯำᆶပၭᖄ 3.ၭаၭғౢࣁЬືǴၯำϐೕჄᆶीᔈՍᖄբނϐғ ่ե ౢǴၸᡏᡍࢲගϲၯ࠼ჹၭౢࠔϐᇡǴቚуᎍ୧೯ၡǶ 1.ၯำᆶပၭᖄ 1.ၸၭᡏᡍቚуၯ࠼ჹӧӦၭౢࠔϐᇡӕǴܗ೯ၡǶ Ǵ10 ДԿ 4 Д໔ǴۑݱՃϐܭऍ ่ե 2.ନচԖЎϯݱՃՉำѦǴёڻ ϐᔼԏϿ วၭᡏᡍϐ࣬ᜢՉำǶۑਓၯ.2 ၩໆǴೕჄӝပၭၯϐ࠼ဂǶ܍Տόܴ 1.ᆶΓӅӕፕၯ࠼ۓҞ࠼ဂ.1 ዴ 2.ᆶΓӅӕፕၯำጕǴѳᑽ࠻ϣѦࢲਔ໔Ǵ٠ᆶΓ 2.ၯำϐࢬᄣࡋᆶᡏ ፕᡏᡍࢬำǴගϲᡏᡍࢲᆒጏࡋǶЪගϲᓓ୍ܺǵǵ ᙃᛥ ѯϷၯ࠼ୖᆶགǴቚуၯ࠼ӆೖཀᜫǶמᏤំ ىό܄ښᡍࢲ፪ ၯำᆶပၭᖄ 3.ၯำ่ӝပՅуπࠔ٠໒วᡏᡍࢲǴӵวလᢠ.3 แᆶᆸԯՅၭౢࠔϐᡏᡍǶٽե ߎǵߎӭ่
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ើӦচՐ҇ပҶ໕ਓၯౢวୢᚒᆶှ،ჹە߄Β(ុ)ǵጪǵ Table 2(continue). Development problems and solutions of tribe leisure tourism industry in Yilan and Hualien area. ပӜᆀ วୢᚒ ှ،ჹ πբ࠻ǴҶ໕ౢǶڥշӝပΓΚԋҥ৾ੇڐ.ಔᙃϩπ҂ֹ๓ᆶ 1.1 ᡏᡍࢲǶޑीးՉำǴೕჄръВޣᇶᏤပҶ໕.2 ىΓΚၗྍό ၩໆǴೕჄӝပၭ܍ਓၯၗྍۘ҂ֹ๓ 3.ᆶΓӅӕፕၯำёௗࡑϐၯ࠼.2 ೕჄ ၯϐҞ࠼ဂǶ ࠄӼ ѦǴӵฯ፦ҏڂՏόܴ 4.ပаѲၭЎϯࣁЬືǴନѲၭЎϯቼۓҞ࠼ဂ.3 ዴ ԯޑᔈҔǴёၸᡏᡍࢲी่ӝӧӦ१ЎϯǴ໒ว࣬ 4.ၯำᆶပၭᖄ ᜢᡏᡍՉำǴҭёၸᡏᡍࢲගϲၯ࠼ჹၭౢࠔϐᇡǴ ่ե ቚуᎍ୧೯ၡǶ Տόܴ 1.ᏉᆫಔᙃӅǴӅӕፕၯำՅǴೕჄҞ࠼ဂǶۓҞ࠼ဂ.1 ѯǴቚуၯ࠼ୖᆶמ໔ǵᓓ୍ܺǵᏤំ୍ܺޜዴ 2.ගϲҔᓓ གϷӆೖཀᜫǶ ىӓԯж 2.ѱሽૈΚό ښၯำᆶပၭᖄ 3.аԭԃఊҖНӥࣁၭЎϯᗺǴаӧӦၭౢวပ॥.3 ่ե ᓓǴᖄ่ӦБౢǶ
ӦচՐ҇ပҶ໕ਓၯౢ҂ٰวᆶࡌەѤǵ
ӧပҶ໕ਓၯౢޑᇶᏤၸำύǴଞჹচՐ҇ӦғౢǵՉᎍǵΓΚǵ ύ݊ᛥځ೯ၡၗྍϩ่݀Ǵё٩Ҷ໕ਓၯวำࡋஒ 8 ঁပϩࣁΟᜪࠠǴ วወΚပǹᙃᛥပǵϼЃⓚပϷᑫ Lipahak ғᄊڀပǵࠄӼပࣁ ऍပϷӓԯжပࣁుࡋਓၯڻၭࣁҶ໕ౢวύပǹНပǵ ပǴ٠ଞჹόӕᜪࠠගраΠࡌǺ
วወΚပڀ() ӧӦԾฅǵЎϯϷၭၗྍǴՠӧΓΚಔᙃᆶၯำೕჄीۘ҂ֹޑԖᙦ ᎁਓၯၗྍՉ౦่ӝǴڬԖཀीးՉำǴᔈଞჹပޣ๓ǶပҶ໕ ౢࠔሽǶޑ಄ӝѱुڋᔈ׳ಔᙃӧӦวಔᙃǴೕჄပЎϯᡏᡍǴ
(Β)Ҷ໕ౢวύပ ՏǵၯۓሽౣǵѱۓԖҶ໕ౢೕჄϐಔᙃᆶ࣬ᜢးՉำǴՠӧڀᗨ ӈးਓسൾཀఠሽϐǶӢԜೕჄޗԖਓՉڀ҂ֹ๓Ǵ۳۳ۘ܄ำϐᖄ่ ୍ܺޑؼӳٮਓၯ୍ܺਔǴନᔈගٮၯՉำǴᔈаပЎϯᡏᡍࣁೕჄЬືǹග ё׳ౢࠔሽǴᙖаගϲၯ࠼ᅈཀࡋᆶख़ၯཀᜫǴޑ಄ӝѱुڋᔈ׳ᄊࡋѦǴ αՉᎍϐਏǴफ़ե࠹ԋҁǶډԋфၲ
(Ο)ుࡋਓၯပ ԖပԾЬᔼၮϐфڀѱ֎ЇΚϐၯำǴϿҽڀԖֹϐΓΚಔᙃᆶڀ ၨեǶ҂ٰวନচԖϐՉำѦǴёՍᖄပғᄊǵ܄Ǵՠӧပϐౢᖄ่ૈ ໔ǵᓓܺޜࡽԖϐՉำගϲҔᓓܭЎϯᆶౢǴวပౢϐ࣬ᜢՉำǴ٠ ѯǴගϲόӕᡏᡍ໔ၯ࠼ୖᆶགǴቚуၯ࠼ӆೖཀᜫǶמǵᏤំ୍୍ܺ
128 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ϯीᇶᏤౣϷೕჄ௲ػڋ҂ٰଞჹόӕᜪࠠပǴ࠼ܭаࡌஒԖշ ࣁਡЈǴᇶᏤပճҔۺ૽ግፐำǴပၭౢϤભϯǴаȨӦౢӦȩཷ চՐ҇ЎϯϷԾฅඳᢀϐᓬ༈Ǵ่ӝᢀӀǵғᄊϷচՐ҇բނғౢౢၗྍǴ ပҶ໕ౢǶޑձပՅঁڀว
ୖԵЎ
Цက๓ǵ݅ੀՙǵယΓ◖ǵቅᑫᄪǵ҅ǵ 2015 ጪচՐ҇Ӧၭౢ ፕЎว߄ ကز2015ӄ୯চՐ҇ࣴ زཀຝϐࣴޕวϷၭၯᇡ p.115-141Ƕ 2009 ΐΜΖԃࡋҶ໕ၭഉՔৣᇶᏤीฝ 98ၭว-5.1-ᇶہՉࡹଣၭ -27Ƕ ևǵӕֆǵဃᡉǵۑੀՙǵࡌዝǵէቺวǵ݅Ўǵ݅ҥǵ৪Ҹࣻǵഋ݅ ٫ᑫǵዐ᰾ᏂǵࡼమҖǵቅᑫᄪǵणऍ࣓ǵ 2014 ጪၭׯؼ ፕЎว߄ز2014ӄ୯চՐ҇ࣴ زӦচໂပၭౢวϐࣴە က p.237-263Ƕ ୯ҥѠч زቺ 2001 ୯λჴಞᇶᏤ௲ৣᇶᏤౣᆶჴಞ௲ৣวϐࣴ݅ ᅺγፕЎǶ܌زጄᏢଣ୯҇௲ػࣴৣ ࡼమҖǵယػণǵէቺวǵዐ᰾Ꮒǵ݅Ўǵӕֆǵ݅ੀՙǵ٫ᑫǵဃᡉǵ ەǵ၏Ϊፌǵླྀεӓǵഋӓǵणऍ࣓ǵ 2013 کቅ௴౺ǵӄύ চՐ҇ၭહǵЎϯൺᑫᆶ҉ុᔼࣴ ጪ ڮচໂပၭ༾ॠ p.21-41Ƕ છფဂ 1998 ௲ػՉࡹ-ჴ୍ϩ ϖࠄკਜϦљ ᆵчǶ ࠄ 1998 ЎϯౢᆶচՐ҇ပਁᑫ চՐ҇ЎϯᆶᢀӀҶ໕วࣴፕځഋ Ў ᆵчǺύ҇୯ЊѦၯᏨᏢ p.3-11Ƕ Kelly, J. R. 1996. Leisure. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Shertzer, B. E. and Stone, S. C. 1981. Fundamentals of Guidance, BostonǺHoughton Mifflin Co.
129 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Study on the trend of counseling indigenous tribe leisure tourism industry - case study in Hualien and Ilan area
Cheng-Hua Sun, Chieh-San Tai, Yi-Shan Wang, Hsing-Jung Liu, Lan-Wei Yeh, Pei-Yu Liu
Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Hualien.
Abstract Locavore has become the treading concept to achieve environment friendly purpose these years. To promote indigenous tribe agriculture industry in eastern Taiwan, this project takes locavore as core value, assist aboriginal tribes to enhance their strengths and competitiveness in tourism. Eight tribes were chosen based on their potential in tourism, including Leshui, Syanox, Tafalong, Lipahak, Kiwit, Ceiroh, Namukang and Cilamitay. We made an inventory of tribe resources and then customized strategies for each tribe according to the result. Counseling tutors provide suggestions and advices for every tribe and meet the tribe member regularly to discuss and brainstorming about the tour content. The purpose is to help these tribes to develop mature and distinguishing tourism industry, and then revitalize economy in aboriginal tribes. Three stages of development were identified according to preliminary inventory: potential (Syanox and Namukang), developing (Ceiroh, Tafalong and Lipahak) and mature tribe (Leshui, Kiwit and Cilamitay). By combining aboriginal tradition culture and organic agricultural, we try to help tribes to develop eco-friendly and culture-based tourism. In the future, we aim to help all the tribes become mature tourism tribe and form six-level industry.
Keywords: Leisure tourism industry, Sixth sector of the economy, Locally Produced and Marketed
130 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ߓऍբނߥᅿᡍᆶЎϯว
ֆഓД
Ўϯλಔᝢഢೀ
قǵ
ǵ१ЎϯϷғᄊᕉޕഁޑচՐ҇ز—ߏයࣴޕᕉნޑډ࣮܌ך πޗԴΓৎϷৎύЈޑၭӦǵӚᜢᚶઠޑပࢂǺߏයҶહޑډნǴ࣮ ћ፤ᖂǶӢޑᆭǵങԺل፤ډᙝǵΨ᠋όډߙຂᖂǵ࣮όډǶ᠋όوӧပ ӧጪۈགྷݤݨฅԶғǶӢԜǴѤԃ໒ޑᅿᅿǴഁൺػᆶߥᅿޑډय़࣮ ԋҥᅿηሌՉޗᄬࡘӵՖӧۈፐำǴࣗԿ໒ޑᑜচՐ҇ပεᏢቶഁൺػ ޑёՉ܄Ƕ ޕӧပࢂࡐख़ाǴջਔӧжǴϝԖࢤਔ໔ᆶѦ႖๊ޑёૈǴӧ ѨǶӧচՐ҇Ӛပϝฅߥ੮ԾەǴӢԜǴόڮёаߥނਔংǴ१ঁٗ ๏ԄޑၭહǴ༧Җԃϣёૈᅿ 6-10 ᅿբނǴӕኬࢂआ㈻Ǵ༧Җёૈӕ ਔᅿΑऊ 5 ᅿόӕҔޑࠔᅿǶӢࣁԴΓৎᇥǴाޔᅿޔᅿǴ൩όѨΨ ॺϝฅёךߥ੮ǴӢԜǴޑޕ೭ᔈ၀൩ࢂ(ۺཷޑǶ(ၭӦӇጃـόӣό (ᜪᆶഁᅿभلǶ(֖ዼᜪǵނ१ډפаவပύ
Βǵғᄊᕉნ
Ϫ൩ឦޑౢғрٰ܌ΓޑॺғࢲӧӦךࢂǴޕᇡޑךǻӧ܄ՖᒏӧӦ ࢂҔȨҢ܈БԄٰሀޑॺࡐᜤҔਜቪٰևǴΨёаȨαॊȩךϐǴԖਔং շৎΓപዿකઙଌᗺЈǴപڐғࢲኳԄǴλܻ϶ाޑБԄǶӵλਔংޑጄȩ ௗӧӦٰӞǶԶකઙޔǴޑ൩ࢂᙝǴฅࡕՍԋՍՍޑዿය໔നයࡑ ޑݝមǴྗഢӣৎఁᓓǶѬ൩ࢂғࢲکӦය໔Ǵλܻ϶ॺԆߙຂ ǶӢԜǴکѦஇᏢک௦Ǵၟ༰༰ޑҽǴόሡձѐᏢಞǶ൩ӵഁ දϷǴҽޑӢࣁߏයҶહᆶၭᛰϷఠᙝᏊ׳ғӸᕉნޑׯᡂǴ࣬ჹഁޑᕉნ ഁѨޑຝΨวғǶ ࣍ᘪࣁЬ)ǴӧߓऍӦ௦Ψᔈ၀хࡴکа௦)ނ१ޑԃѤीԖόӕ ሦୱ܈ങਂډǴՠޕғᄊޑ܄ζܭࢩ१ǴഌӦᆶዊ໔௦ࢂឦੇ ߚதమཱǴΨӢࣁӵԜǴޑձϩπ႖܄ሦୱǴޑ܄تપܭѺᘪǴٗΞࢂឦޑ ഁޑ࣮ݤǶΞӵጪӓӼܶѱޑΨԖӭόӕسޕޑаჹᕉნ܌ ߄ຝΨӧޑޗس൩ࢂஇஇ༲Ǵ҆ٽǴόࢂ༰༰ζ܄ೡ፤ǴߙՅࢂζ ѱևрٰǶ
131 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Οǵ҉ុว
ॺவλ൩ӞഁךՉҖഁਔǴததࢂаȨधȩࣁǴჹکԐයӧ௦ഁ ޑഁѦ௦ډဂࢂޑڻ׳ߓऍΓٰᇥǴӞधςࢂᅿғࢲǶޑߏε ኳԄٰၮբǶόၸǴΨό௨ѾӴΓޑઝஏ୷ӦǴЪϝаඤπޑӴॺܭζǴԖឦ ܘӅǴΨ൩ࢂόёೱਥޑၸำाӝЯεৎޑઝஏ୷ӦǶՠ௦ޑ٬Ҕ௦ഁ ޑǴ೭ΨࢂߥػډΓૈӞளޑΨόा௦Ǵ೭ኬωૈᡣࡕٰ௦ޑଆǴ҂ԋዕ ӵӭԃᆶܶѱٯǴဂΓӅӕ௦ǴคፕԏᕇӭϿाӆ֡ϩǶޣǶӆۺཷ עٮΓගঁǴډߕ߈௦ᝳဘЈǴύϱਔ໔אӀൺԾமѦډॺǴۆ༰༰λޑ ဘЈӄኧᝳޑᗺǴӚԾ௦ӳٿဘЈǴฅࡕуយԺฆᗙ෯ǶऊವΠϱᝳ ԃស໘ભǴࣗԿ܈϶৾рٰ٠֡ϩ๏ӚՏǹќѦǴӵ݀௦ၸӭΨϩଌᒃ คݤѦ܈ഁΨӣѐϩ٦๏ԃइၨεޑ༰༰ॺǴ፤όрѐޑӧܶೡ፤ഁ Ƕۺཷޑᆶჴ፬ǴύΨᙒ҉ុวۺཷޑǴ೭൩ࢂϩ٦ޣߏޑр௦ Ƕޑමӧጪѱ҇ၭ༜ચӦᅿഁǴ่ፕࢂёаໆౢךჴǴ15 ԃځ ளाᒃԾહբᅿǴӢԜǴӧԣࠄပ໒ךᡣ׳೭൳ԃวϩഁѨΑǴ Ǵӕ܄ᅿᆶख़ाޑᏢϩ٦ഁᆶচғᅿ१ޑᅿǴԖᐒΨᆶပεᏢۈ ߏόрٰǴፎ௲ԣلᐋޑԃٿਔǴᆶᏢॺଆࣶǵӦǵᅿǶೱុᅿ ǶӢԜǴѝाԖᐒ൩ፎ௲ىୢᚒǺВྣόޑӦংޕࠄပԴΓৎϐࡕǴω ࣬ᜢࡺ٣ǶޑԴԖᜢᅿ চΚǴӢԜǴޑᑈཱུགྷߥᅿπբ׳ך෧ϿǴΨࢂᡣکѨޑচғᅿ१ ӧѠ໒ЈၭۈǶԃ໒܄ख़ाޑഁൺػᆶߥᅿπբڥεᖂ੯ۈԾρ໒ ഁѦ௦চډᏹբၭҖπբǴၭΓ٠ᒃԾᏢғࣶӦǴԖ٤ࢂۈჴሞ໒ ပाচғᅿډၟ༰༰ޑЍජǴΨόਔጪၭׯ൨ډܭғᅿྍᆶᅿभǴࣗԿ ޑॺӞၸך҆๏עǴ൩ࢂȨ࡛࡛ኬۺཷޑᇥߥᅿനख़ाٰךᅿηǶჹک१ ǴۈᅿǴ೭ኬ൩όѨǶ൩வԾρ໒ޑӣٰȩǴԶЪाόᘐόᘐפӳܿՋ ᜐ௦ᜐᅿᜐᏢಞǴӭᎩޑᅿηϩଌǴࣗԿܭᆶձΓҬඤᅿηǶӧ ๏ࡐӭΓǴՠёаբࣁഁᆶচғᅿٮ໒ЈၭᅿΑ٤१Ǵᗨฅคݤගޑ ѳѠǶѐԃъԃᅿΑ 23 ᅿǴϞԃъޑᜫཀࣁ೭ঁҽךҢጄǴޑ१ ԃᅿΑऊ 41 ᅿ१Ƕ
ပளБԄǴӳೀߚதӭǴܭၭǵϩ٦ܭ൩ӵᙁηউᇥǺ೭ᅿុહբᙒᅿ ᡣӚࠔᅿૈᔈӦޑβᝆǵংǴӭБ൩ӦߥӸΨૈϩණ॥ᓀǴࢂനޔௗΞ ᔮਏޑߥᅿБԄǶ ၭ҇ϕշᆛၡǴޗᅿηሌՉόѝߥӸηǴᗋԋޗќѦǴдᇡࣁǴ ǴΨёૈౢр٤ᔮբނৎதբޑǴёаᅿӭኬϯ܄ӭኬޑѝाߥӸࠔᅿ ނǴᡣၭ҇ගଯԏΕǶ
132 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
Ѥǵᡍϩ٦
ᇶᏤፐǴ׆ఈӴॺޑচՐ଼҇நᔼύЈ܌ѐԃԖᐒᆶጪᑜፁғ БԄԴΓৎહᅿǴᔼပӅહӅ१Ӆ٦ޑΑ൳ঁပǴаᇡᎦβӦۓᒧૈ ޕહբǴుۈਏ݀ǶӢࣁӴॺவԃᇸ൩໒ޑᕍᘰډၸำࢂёаၲځғࢲǴ࣬ߞޑ ӵٯᄦኬǶޑॺᏢಞך೭٤ࢂ܈ǴӵՖᆶѬӅӸǴޑβӦᆶғࢲࢂϩό໒ ӭᆶβӦǵߘНǵ॥ӛǵചဂϷӚ׳ᒣکၭહᡍǴၟ༰༰Ꮲಞޑԃٰٿޣ ਥಳޑࡺ٣Ƕӧ௦ᓪဗᅿηਔǴ༰༰ᇥᚑՅၨుޑᎁϷπቧຼނނԄ ೀډပޑᓪဗӞଆٰКၨधǶќѦǴӧߓऍޑᅿηόा௦ǴӢࣁ೭ࠔᅿ ൳ЯёۑᜪഁΨឦယᜪഁǴԃѤ݀ܭЕᠤ݀ǴѬࡽឦکЕᠤယډёа࣮ ޑЕᠤယࢂ๊ଛǴ൩ႽεৎӞݺጻФाԖΐቫ༣کቹηǴᛯЈᆶጻФޑѬډа࣮ а܌ࢱᓐ٬ҔǴکਥࢂٰ৾మዅҔࠔ-ࢱᐙޑࢂЕᠤηޑख़ा׳ၰኬǶՠښ дϝाᝩុᡣѬғځਥࣁࢱᅗϐҔǴޑപϩޑၸѐΓλЈᖀᖀ ߏǶ ᜪനሡाոΚહસǴӢلᜪᆶނளዼךߥᅿၸำύǴޑނӧߓऍբ ഁزਔ໔ٰᅿǴ҂ٰΨ׆ఈԾρૈൻࣴޑ१ࢂሡाӢൻѬޑ܄ۑࣁ ځԯើ࣮ШࣚറំǴډЈᜫǶѐԃΜДԖᐒޑᆒઓǴֹٰԋ೭٤҂ֹԋޑ ᕅᏛࢂޑࢂΕ҂҂ٰᓔୖᢀǴᅈࡂηޑڅӑຝനుךȩǴᡣނЬᚒ҅ӳࢂȨ१ १൩ԖቬᐕрǴ࣬ߞޑН݀Ǵѝा࿘ύکᅿηǴϷӚᅿ१ޑᡞᡞ Ǵ࣬ߞ҂ٰᄌᄌۈा୲ߥᅿπբǴᗨฅѝࢂ໒׳ךᖿ༈Ǵᡣޑ೭൩ࢂ҂ٰ ஒߥᅿޑᚉࠠံ௱ѐǶ
ୖԵЎ
१Шࣚȝ ՉࡹଣЎޑ፞፥ȜѠচՐ҇ޑ 1997 εԾฅہՉࡹଣЎϯࡌ ᆵчǶہϯࡌ Ꮻ-ѠচՐ҇ੇࢩЎϯᆶ᛬ೌ ՉࡹଣЎϯޑੇ 2005ہՉࡹଣЎϯࡌ ᆵчǶہࡌ ֆഓД 2000 ѠཥഁЬက εᐋрހޗ ᆵчǶ Ȭচ ٯើȨόԴပȩࣁە१ғࢲᆶЎϯԵჸ-аޑࢫ࣑ች 2010 ѠচՐ҇ ᆵчǶڐՐ҇१ЎᏢᆶЎϯ୯ሞᏢೌࣴȭ Ѡ१Ўϯ ہߥӸচՐ҇ඵች চՐ҇ ܄ӭኬނ 2015 ుહғہচՐ҇ ಃ 2 යǶ ᆵч p.98-108Ƕ ޗԴϺྭ༜—চՐ҇ഁЎϯ Ӏᚇᇞو ഋႍ֮ 1998 Ϙ 2015 ᅿηᏢ Seed Biology ѠεрހύЈǶ ᆵہՉࡹଣၭ ނ௴ྷǵဠඳғ 2009 ٖԯߓമ-ܿѠߓऍ҇ чǶ
133 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
ၰ 2016.05.02 ᕉნၗૻ҅ۑǼȨऍԄȩഁΠډᄃᓉᑯ 2016 ပᡫሲӞள ύЈǶ ᖴ᐀ 2007 ӞჹΑངԾρ зǷӧӦǷEco Food ந଼ᚇᇞ 109 ය ᆵчǶ Ǻӑࡋᆶۧᡍ 2016.06.15 ܄ཀက ၭӭኬޑᙁηউǵഋࣽ 2016 ᅿη ΠෞཥᆪѱǶ ࣮ߓऍȨഁЎϯȩȅғᄊᝊᙒࡩόֹ 2016.04.27 ᕉნၗૻύ 2016 ދᛥન ЈǶ ᝄཥ 1998 Ѡҁβ༜᛬բނᅿচϐճҔ চՐ҇ނၗྍϷճҔࣴт p.15-29Ƕ Harold McGee ߋЎᝊǵ݅ችࣔ 2009 १ނᆶታ᛬ǺѪǷೈǷԺǷങ εৎ рހޗ ѠчǶ ހଯፋЎϯр ނޑMusgrave, T. & W. Musgrave ဠ᐀Ꮏ 2006 ׯᡂШࣚ ޗ ᆵчǶ
134 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
চՐ҇ՅբނၭౢЎബว
╈ഡ
ጪЎϯബཀౢ༜(ཥ໒ިҽԖज़Ϧљ)
ᄔा
ԾฅᕉნǵᙦϺฅၗྍϷᓬऍޑԖᓬຫڀѠܿӳξӳНǴ൯ᒩᗡǴ ബཀૈໆǶோচໂပӢӦᕉნၨࣁୃᇻǴౢޑඳᢀǴѫػΑচໂՅၭౢ ೀნ࣬ჹᖑᜤǴӵՖ๓уճҔচໂပϐԾฅඳᢀϷΓЎၗྍǴၸЎϯബཀ ගϲౢࠔ፦ǴமϯബཥૈໆගଯբނౢॶǴᄬࡌՉᎍ೯ၡၲԋബᇨӢǴаബ ፐޑॺոΚךၭౢሽॶǴࢂॶளނཥǵബཀǵബϐΟബࡘᆢ༟চໂՅբ ᚒǶ
ᜢᗖӷǺՅբނǵচໂပǵЎϯബཀǵΟബࡘᆢ
135 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
قǵ
Ӧᔮว୷ᘵǴബ൩ᐒǴкျӦБྍǴڰԖᛙڀӦБՅౢ Ǵೱ่ӦΓሞᜢ߯ǴᏉᆫϕߞǵϕշ୷ᘵǴ٠ԋԖೌמಕᑈࡽԖӦБౢ ΚໆᆶӦБᆒઓۓӼޗख़ाЍࢊǴΨࢂޑ॥βǵЎϯᆶ҇ǴόՠࢂӦБғࢲ ԋǴΨޑᆶΓЎ॥ۓ൚ޑᜢӦБᔮ୷ᘵױวޑຝቻǶӢԜǴӦБౢޑ ᆶޗ่ᄬޑ଼ӄว৲৲࣬ᜢǶ
ભౢ֡य़ᖏཱུεϐፂᔐǴᏤठށѠԾ 2002 ԃуΕ WTO ࡕǴၭᅕ ӢԜԶԄ༾Ƕӧ࣬՟ౢࠔၸ׳ނᙯࠠǴԶচՐ҇Յբޑ܄ӦБౢѸբ่ᄬ ሡᙖҗӦБЎϯࣁ୷ᘵǴวච׳ݩΠǴޑжڗϕ࣬ᝡݾǴϷܰᎁΠෞቷޑӭ ബཥബཀૈໆǴගϲౢࠔሽॶǴωૈߥԖғౢᆶᎍ୧ޑᓬ༈Ƕ
ΒǵЎϯബཀౢཷॊ
Ծ 1991 ԃѠ࣪ࡹ۬வВҁፎٰίεۈӝ่ޑࡘԵЎϯᆶౢۈѠ໒ Ƕ1995ޗวπ᛬่ӝᢀӀ٣ǴයఈᙖԜਁᑫޗᏢమ௲ǴࡰᏤ ࠹ҢஒȨЎϯౢȩբࣁЎϯࡹԃЎࡌᖐᒤȨЎϯǷౢȩࣴǴ ޑҞϐ(ቅ᐀ᆺǴ2006)ǶϐࡕǴՉࡹଣܭ 2002 ԃว߄ȨࡷᏯ 2008Ǻ୯ৎख़ аЎബౢΨຎࣁᔮԋߏ܌ύǴځᗺวीฝȩǴ२ԛஒЎϯബཀౢ֖ࡴ π᛬ǵۓΚǴ2009 ԃՉࡹଣ೯ၸȨബཀѠ-ЎϯബཀౢวБਢȩǴᒧޑ ीǵኧՏϣǵႝቹǵႝຎǵࢬՉॣࣁϤεᄡᝮౢǴӢࣁ೭٤ౢౢॶଯǵ ਏᔈЎബౢᡏਏૈǶҥݤޑวወΚଯǵᜢᖄਏଯǴёаวචሦᓐԲ ΑЎϯബཀۓу൚׳ԃ 1 Д 7 ВΟ᠐೯ၸΑЎϯബཀౢวݤǴ 2010 ܭଣҭ ౢวޑ୷ҡǶ
ǻӧЎϯബཀౢวګЎϯബཀౢวݤࡼՉࡕाӵՖౢଆ० วᆶբࣁǺޑݤύ၁ӈΑаΠ൳ঁय़ӛ () Ѻ଼ӄޑౢғᄊ 1. ख़ຎѠЎബౢวᜢᗖࢂᏱԖ଼ӄޑౢวచҹ மϯЎϯ௲ػಎਥǵᎦЎϯѱΓαϷౢΓω .2 ගܹࠔจሽॶᆶуம୯ሞᝡݾΚ .3 ڀࡹံշπޑΒ) ၮҔӭϡ) 1. ቚуዛံշᐒ 2. Ⴔᓰচബᆒઓ ચิᓬඁБਢۓु .3 ڋࡌҥബቩਡᐒ .4 (Ο) ගܹౢޑബཥૈໆ 1. уமബཥࣴวπբ
136 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
2. ߥምඵችౢ 3. ӚᜪЎബౢဂᆫ (ଣ(ЎϯǴ2016زԋҥЎϯബཀౢวࣴ .4 ᛬ЎનᎦѦǴᗋ׆ఈޑ߃૱ǴନΑගϲΓ҇ޑǴѠวЎബౢޕҗԜё ाᙖЎബౢٰߦᔮวǶ
ጄᛑǺޑЎϯബཀౢวݤಃΟచǴӈΑࡹ۬ჹЎബౢว ЎϯᑈಕǴၸඵችౢϐԋϷၮ܈ᆀЎϯബཀౢǴࡰྍԾബཀ܌ҁݤ Ԗബᆶ൩ᐒϐወΚǴ٠ߦӄ҇ऍᏢનᎦǴ٬୯҇ғࢲᕉნගڀҔǴ ϲϐΠӈౢǺ ǵຎ᛬ೌౢǶ ΒǵॣϷ߄ᄽ᛬ೌౢǶ ΟǵЎϯၗౢᔈҔϷᄽࡼౢǶ Ѥǵπ᛬ౢǶ ϖǵႝቹౢǶ ϤǵቶኞႝຎౢǶ ΎǵрހౢǶ ΖǵቶౢǶ ΐǵౢࠔीౢǶ ΜǵຎၲीౢǶ ΜǵीࠔจਔۘౢǶ ΜΒǵࡌᑐीౢǶ ΜΟǵኧՏϣౢǶ ΜѤǵബཀғࢲౢǶ ΜϖǵࢬՉॣϷЎϯϣౢǶ (ϐౢǶ (ЎϯЎၗֽǴ2016ۓдύѧЬᆅᐒᜢࡰځΜϤǵ
ਡЈࢂȨЎϯȩၸȨബཀȩԋȨౢȩǶΨ൩ࢂᇥǴғޑЎϯബཀౢ ǶԶബښᅿғࢲࠔޑჴ܌ࢲࠠᄊࢂҗЎϯۭǴၸബཀीǴӆҗౢ གǶޑٰ܌ബཥϷׯᡂܭڙ٦ڮᡏᡍǴᡣғޑჹғࢲܭཀٰԾ
Ҿޑ㰗ࠔǵ୍ܺޑԖஏϪඹжᜢ߯ڀӕᜪϷޑۓᒏౢǴࢂࡰғ㰗܌ аǴࡹ۬ӧගঀ܌ғࢲǶޑӝǶౢวளӳǴ൩ёࣁ୯ৎٰǴׯ๓Γ҇ ϣԖϙሶ௲ػཀကǴԶࢂૈόޑ೭ঁౢܭᔈ၀όӧޑᜢЈ܌ЎബౢਔǴѬ ૈബǴਁᑫᔮǶ
ΟǵӦБՅౢཷॊ
уπࠔǵπ᛬ౢځεठϩࣁԾฅඳᢀǵၭౢࠔϷޑӦБՅౢё٩ ࠔǵЎϯ᛬ࠔϷቼࢲ൳ᜪǶᔮ 2015 ύλҾқҜਜ߾ஒ܌ᒏӦБ
137 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
Յౢޑ(ပǵᆫပ)ࣁЬǴวрޗ܈ကࣁǺ೯தаໂǵᙼǵѱۓՅౢ ፦ϐǴ٠ၮҔӦ܄܈܄ǵᐱ܄ǵЎϯ܄ᐕўޑԖӦԖڀࠔሡ ǴԶԋӦБဂ୍ܺٮ᛬ǵമΚǴவ٣ғౢϷගמનǵԾฅၗྍǵ ᆫϐౢǶ܌аӦБՅౢѸаЎϯޑᐱ܄ࣁ୷ᘵǴวрཥޑౢϣ ᔮૈวචගਁਏ݀Ǵ܄ճዎǴόჹୱۓᆶѱ่ӝǴᕇளޑǴ٠ૈԖਏ ӕਔჹӦБЎϯޑวрଅǶ
ୱဂۓࠠȩᆶȨ܄ऩ٩ӦБՅౢࢲϩᜪǴ߾ΞёаϩԋȨӦБ ᅿวࠠᄊǺٿᆫࠠȩ ()ӦБ܄ࠠ ࢂԾฅၗྍёаճ܈ཀຝǴޑаᄬԋӦБᐱԖىచҹڀ܌ȩ߯ࡰ܄ȨӦБ ഢڀҔ٠Չ໒วԋࣁԖᔮሽॶϐౢࠔǶᙁൂӦᇥǴ൩ࢂஒΓЎǵԾฅඳᢀ շӦБᕷڐܭǴჹޑᐕўǵЎϯǵ᛬ೌǵౢϐՅǴวঋॿᢀӀǵၯᏨҞ фૈᆶଅǶޑำࡋۓځǴԖۓӼޗᄪᆶߦ ୱဂᆫࠠۓΒ)) ࣬ϕᜢᖄ׳܈ୱύǴဂӧӦᎃ߈ۓୱဂᆫȩ߾ࡰӧࢌۓȨ ᜢ߯ǴฅԶޑࡽᝡݾΞӝբ׳ೱ่Ǵޑ܄ᆶЍජ܄ᐒᄬǴӸӧӅ೯܈Ҿޑ geographical proximity) Ψх֖ౢ) ܄Ӧᎃ߈ޑౢܭౢဂᆫཀ఼٠ߚЗ ᡏᜢ߯ᆙஏǴӦటԋౢဂᆫځᆛ๎ (social networks) Ǵޗғౢᆶ Ҿౣǵ่ᄬᆶӕکచҹǵ࣬ᜢЍජౢѸ⒕่ӝ၀Ӧϐғౢाનǵሡ ᝡݾǶ
ӦБՅౢᆶӦБᔮว৲৲࣬ᜢǴόബӦБ൩ᐒǴ֎યӦБ ǶӦБՅౢύΨԖޑҞۓӼޗշᕷᄪӦБᆶߦڐډഭᎩമΚǴҭёၲ όଯǴՠ೭٤܈ቫԛೌמځౢǴޑ҇ғࠔࣁЬ܈π᛬ܭόϿឦ ୷ޑೌמౢۓҗߏයόᘐಕᑈᆶճҔǴόՠ൚ೌמਸޑࡽӸ܌ౢ дౢวҭԖ҅य़ਏ݀ǶځܭᘵǴჹ
ۺѤǵၭౢ
ԵໆၭࡼࡹीฝԾ 96 ԃଆၭᔼीฝǴ104 ԃہၭ ϐӝਏǴᑼӝࡽԖၭᔼᆶიౢ࣬ᜢբݤǴҢጄȨၭౢ ୯λၭᔮӧβӦճҔǵၭᔼϷғౢᕉნόճӢનךȩीฝǴаයլܺ ϐቹៜǴᘉεၭౢဂᆫਏǴߦᓬؼၭӦ҉ុᔼ(݅҉ᝄǴ2015)Ƕ
ೕኳЪࢦೱύϐᓬ፦ғౢୱࣁ୷ᘵǴۓǴၭౢ߯аޕҗԜё җၭǵӝբޗӝϣၭ҇ϷౢᎍಔᙃǴୱϣਡЈౢϐೕኳϯǵύ ϯวǴуமၭౢࠔ೯ၸ࣬ᜢᡍǴԶࡌҥၭӝբᜢ߯Ǵߦၭౢচ܈ၭ ᔈǶٮۓౢࠔౢᎍਏᆶਏǴࡌᄬၭӝᔼୱǴԋ፦ໆॿᓬϐᛙ
138 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ၭౢࣁЍኖচໂပᔮޑЬᡏౢǴฅԶပၭౢӧϞޗᆶ ᆶᔮᓸΚѱሡڙচໂပၭౢӢޑΠςคݤ҉ុၮբǴεϩڋѱᐒ ಞ߫ΨᅌԄ༾Ǵ٬ڂ౼ޑᅇϯǴᆶပЎϯ৲৲࣬ᜢޑଯࡋډڙቹៜޑ ပਭբނࠔϷচғᅿᛆᖏѨᆶྐ๊ϐӒᐒǴࣁΑߥӸᆶൺᑫচໂပՅ ЎϯᆶวǴၭౢޑᙯࠠԖᐒᆶࡌҥࢂനӳޑϪΕᗺ(݅ੀՙǴ2014)Ƕ
ᙯඤޑЎϯϡનԋфޑഢڀԋфϡનǴѸஒޑౢނӢԜǴচՐ҇Յբ ϡનхࡴ१ǵቼǵᆸǵπ᛬ǵԾฅᕉޑԋфϐᢄǶ೭٤Ўϯޑԋౢว ନΑёаගܹӦᔮวޑҞځნϷၭౢࠔǴѸᏃໆஒ൳ϡનયΕǴ ҞǶޑϷӆᇡӕ܍ࢂૈၲԋဂЎϯޑख़ा׳ѦǴ
ϖǵЎϯуǵബཀуॶǵബཥу፦
ޑཥᔮਔжǴคޑᔮࠠᄊς៳ฅᙯᡂࣁаബཀϷബཥࣁЬޑШइ 21 ڋӧҞᔮӄౚϯᡏځճ୷ǶЀޑၗౢǴԋࣁᝡݾޑжΑԖڗᆶඵችޕ ΠǴЎϯബཀౢςฅԋࣁቹៜᔮวޑЬाΚǴѬόՠߥԖᐕўᏫϷӦ ഢᐕڀ׳ຝቻΚໆǴޑ໔ϐமεޜ܈ౢࠔǵඳᢀܭևځࡡሽॶǴ٬҉ޑБЎϯ ўᏫᆶޗޑཀကǶЎϯബཀᗨฅமፓҗȨӧӦՉȩрวǴՠёаၸ շᆶڐޑᆶᆛၡמՉᎍБݤǴӧࣽޑࡋǴၮҔϩԄǵӭኬϯفޑȨӄౚࡘԵȩ ЎϯཀຝǶޑЎϯౢǴ٠ँᡉ၀ӦԖޑΠǴࡌᄬрཥࠠᄊ
ᑈཱུޑȨബཥૈΚȩǵᡫࢲޑȨബཀࡘᆢȩǵᑑჴޑȨബᆒઓȩǴ೭Ȩബ ᅿදШሽॶǴޑޗΟബཀ఼ࢂҞεᇡӕёޑཥǵബཀǵബȩ ុزᡏΚՉǴЇᏤౢරӛബཥ໒วࣴيϣЈ٠ዴჴޣܭΟബᆒઓӵՖు ഢബཥࣴวᆶബཀࡘڀԜǴӵՖ૽ԾρԋࣁܭᚒǶԖ᠘ޑոΚǴࢂ࣬ख़ຎ ԵૈΚޑȨΟബȩΓωǴΨԋࣁख़ाޑፐᚒǶќѦǴౢࠔ܈୍ܺࢂցૈബр ᜢޑౢࠔሽॶۓ،ᡏᡍǴԋࣁޑࡺ٣Ǵၸำύ๏ϒ៝࠼ඍ৹ޑЇΓΕയঁ ծৎѸݾϐӦ(ֆࡘǴ2004)ǶޑᗖǴ҅ӢӵԜǴЎϯബཀౢԋࣁཥШइ
ӵՖஒচՐ҇ပޑΓЎǵᐕўǵ᛬ೌǵЋπ᛬ǵԾฅғᄊ࣬ᜢᚒǴ ғౢǵғࢲǵғᄊϷޑΚǴૈගܹပڮԖғ׳ࢲϯᡣပޑΓγޗၸပ วǵගܹޑǵᔼပᔮ܄ЬᡏޑౢۓЎϯǴᡣပૈዴޑ࣬ᜢڮғ ౢޑ࣬ᜢౢǶȩ(ྦྷǵ༇ᙼǴ2004)চໂύόፕচٰࢂՖᅿᜪࠠޑပЎϯ ǴޑၭᅕǵβౢౢǵᢀӀၯᏨǴёауЎϯ܄ޑхးǴቚу ӛȨၭϯȩوЎϯ፦ǴΨёаޑബཥکޑሽॶǶќБय़Ǵک֎ЇΚځ ӵࡌᑐǵЋπ᛬ࠔǵቼࢲǴёауаٯБӛǴԶߕуᔮሽॶǴޑ চՐ҇ӧวЎϯౢډΨග(2005)ܮࠄǴ1996)ǶᖴฦځхးǴࡌҥӦБՅ(ഋ ౢࠔ(Ўϯ܄ౢࠔ(ᙑပᒪ֟ǴԾฅඳᢀ)ǵᒵ܄ԄёϩࣁǺߥӸޑࠔਔ ౢࠔ(ϐЕᓁǵҡᓁǵጓᙃǵႬࠔ)ǵࢲ܄᛬ߥӸǵᄺᆸǵ҆ᇟ)ǵӆғמ
139 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
ౢࠔ(่ӝЎϯՅхࡴжᆶ॥Ǵঋ៝ჴҔ܄ۺǵቼ)ǵइޘౢࠔ(౼܄ ǵλԯǵआ㈻)Ƕلౢࠔ(ӵ܄ౢࠔ)ǴϷԾฅޑᆶݒ፞
ȨၭЎബ≠ၭౢࠔхးȩǴхး܈ीǴӧঁЎബϯၸำύѝࢂ҃ᆄǴ ཀ఼ǴᔈஒࠔуΕЎϯϡનǴޑుቫ׳ᒏȨЎബȩᔈ၀ाԖ܌όёҁ҃ॹǹ ࡋǴஒفᎍ୧ᗺ (selling point) ǴԖΑ፤ᗺǴӆவȨബཀȩ܈рՅǵ፤ᗺǵפ ፤ᗺᙁϯǵ಄ဦϯǵёኞϯǴԋࣁᎍ୧Ь܈ᎍ୧ፕॊ (selling proposition)Ƕ (ᎄԾໜǴ2014)
ჴЎϯബཀౢόѸࡹ۬ǴѬΨԾӦय֧Ǵѱᝡݾ่݀ځ ҾǴ๊ჹόޑໆǹঁा٩ࡹ۬ࡹωૈӸࢲૈޑԾฅ൩ᐟวബཀബཥ ӵऍ୯ΟεؓٯࢂЎϯബཀౢǴӵ݀ҾૈബཀကǴѬ൩όѸһᒘҺՖΓǴ سғౢ܈ߏǴ൩ςόӧࢂȨջਔғౢȩ(JIT)೭ᅿӧᆅޑቷᆶᙦҖًًؓ ৡձǶޑᝡݾǴԶࢂᅿჹғࢲণᏢᄊࡋᡏޑ
ޑԖଯࡋᕴӝڀϩᜪǴ٠ޑЎϯബཀౢςѺઇჹǵΒǵΟભౢ ᔼၮኳԄǴ٠ߦ٬ౢӧၮҔғࢲࠠᄊǵЎϯाޑՅڀکǴрғࢲሽॶ܄ ՅሽॶਔǴा༟٠ࡘԵӵՖඓඝેᆶၮҔᖿ༈Ƕӧচໂکનǵബཀуॶ ပϤભౢวѸ่ӝȨౢᡏᡍȩБӛวǴᡣޣޔௗୖᆶғౢ܈ ޑԖભౢڀᄆᡉϤભౢࢂȨૈ׳ౢғଅǴښǴӕਔΨჹගϲғࢲࠔ୍ܺ ᆕӝว่ᄬޑԋ܌൧ᄪ୍ܺȩޑΟભౢکࠔ፦ᆅޑᆶǴΒભౢୖيᒃ ᡏǶ
Ϥǵ่ፕ-ޕᆅǴബཥബཥᔮ
य़ᖏҞޑޕᔮਔжǴନΑуமޕޑബϷᔈҔǴࣁගϲౢߕу ӦБޑᅃຎډڙॺΨाӣᓐ࣪ࡘǴߏΦаٰӢࣁπวԶךճᏔϐѦǴޑሽॶ ಕޑғࢲᆶᡍޑύᙒΑӃ҇คኧځೀζӦǴޑჴϝࢂТۘࡑ໒วځౢǴ ཀကǶӢԜӦБౢԋࣁՅౢǴਔޑ܄Ԗനૈж߄ӦБᐱڀᑈǴΞ ϐ໔ጩࣁ॥ዊǶ
ࢂڀғౢπޑޗᆅεৣ۶ளǷլ(Peter Drucker)ම߄ҢǺ ȨΠঁ ৎҾЬΚǶޑമიᡏǴЪԋࣁബޑِೲԋࣁനεޣπբޕǴޕ ǶȩӢԜǴӵՖೕჄࡌۓ߄ԶޑമΚޕԋ௳ǵࣗԿӸΫǴஒຫٰຫޑ ޑᆅޕඵችǹၮҔޑǴૈុӦǵදၹӦԏ࣬ᜢسᆅޕޑᄬֹ ǵޑᙯϯပЎϯǴӢࣁ೭ᅿϕǴԶࢂޕϕၸำǴόѝԄӦԏ ࢬޑၗૻૈҬඤǴωࢂޕനૈബሽॶޑӦБǶ
ӧӦՅඳᗺǵၭౢࠔϷڀ߈ԃٰǴࡹ۬εΚᢀӀਓၯǴೱߦΑ Ҭ೯ǵਓஎ..ᡏೕჄၨࣁЖલǴܭज़ڙጲࠁวǹԶচՐ҇ပࠅޑՅᓓ ቹៜၯ࠼ೖཀᜫǴᏤठғࢲࠔ፦ᆶᔮచҹ࣬ჹ১༈ǶӵՖஒӍ༈ᙯࣁᓬ༈Ǵ
140 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
ᆅǴаബཀՉᎍǴߦ٬ᔼࢲዃϯǵϣӭኬޕஒচՐ҇ՅౢࠔǴၸ ೖǴԶࢲ๎ӦᔮǶډϯǵࢲӭϡϯǴа֎Їၯ࠼
ΓЎޑӦԖܭԋǴѸྍԾޑচՐ҇ՅౢډॺёаᕕှךጔԜǴ ԖӦՅϐҶ໕ၭǵၭڀǴஒޣԖՅڀԾฅၗྍǴ֎Їౢဂᆫ٠܈చҹ ᕉǶޑౢǵᓓᗺЈǵᆸԄϷബཀౢࠔǴԋࣁӦБౢ่ᄬύਸ॥ চ҇Յౢᆶচໂᔮว໔ᜢ߯ஏϪǴচໂᔮևܭӦౢว Ǵౢጲࠁว߾ёᏤЇচໂᔮวǶޑݩǴ࣬ჹ
ᜢᗖԋфӢનǴيՅౢǴᙖҗҁޑပᔈᓬӃᒧёаࣁȨวᐒȩ ගϲᡏᔮวǴ٠่ӝౢሽॶύӚ࣬ᜢౢǴᘉεௗय़ӛǴၸी ౣёځЎϯബཀౢளаጲࠁวǶࡺޑշǴ٬ပᡏڐޑೕჄϷଛࡼ อਔ໔ϣёаڗΚࣁЬǴ௦ૈيϩࣁอයᆶߏයΒ໘ࢤǴอයа଼ӄပϣԾ Ǵ٠ᙖҗѦӢޕҞౣǹߏය߾ၸೱុၲԋϐอයҞࡕࡌҥޑၲԋ ޑഢڀҞςڰᛙޑวౣǴନΑᑈཱུޑનଛӝՉϐౣǶࡺচໂՅౢ ᒿਔፓૈځػǴ٬ޑᆅޕ೬ฯᡏೕኳѦǴҭख़ຎബཀᎦԋǵՉᎍΓωǵ ѱ٠ࡌҥόёඹжܗޑᝡݾᆶ֎ЇΚǴਔޑഢ࣬ڀౢࠔǴޑғౢрٰ Չᎍᗺวࣁᎍ୧ᆛǴၲޑдౢǴஒځӜࡋѦǴ٠Ь่ޕǴନቚу܄ ҞǶޑߦပᔮวډ
ǴϷၠڋᐒޑӝޗёૈԋࣁޑǺЎϯౢډќѦǴNurse(1999)මග کғౢኳԄǵғౢಔᙃޑаவচໂပวЎബౢ܌ࡹݯሺԄǶޑ୯ǵၠЎϯ วౣǴ٠όࢂаໆౢࣁޑ܄ǵЎϯ܄ǵϣว܄ӦБܭғౢࠠᄊٰ࣮Ǵ೭ᅿឦ চໂౢวޑയǴाӵՖ٬ϿໆԶӭϡڗᎶΚٰک܄ЬǴԶࢂаǵബཥǵঁ ᔈ၀ڋӝำࡋѸගଯǶഋ࣓(2008)ΨࡰрǴ೭ঁᐒޑ܄චᔮਏǴୱ ৎғౢکࡋڋǴाຬຫၗҁЬကπቷғౢ่݀ޑৎӝޑ္ޗԖ܌ࢂ ޗ܈ (ғࢲБԄ (Mode of LifeޗౢӝБӛǴԜᅿޑϯޗډБԄǴගϲ ЎϯғࢲکౢᔮޑғࢲғౢБԄ (Mode of Production) ࢂ၂໒วᅿཥ БԄǶ
ӵՖஒচໂပޑ১༈Ўϯඤࣁம༈ЎϯǴѸவȨྍᓐޕȩЋǴ ӵՋᙒϺ੧Ǵٯᡂԋ҉ុၗౢǶޕޑၸᡏඵች๏ϒബཀуॶǴᡣၸуπࡕ ၸуϐࡕሽॶόතǶऩஒ௨ޑዟ੧ǵϼᎹሙޑ⽋ᴦ੧܈ੀޑ ᗗǴၸပϷષԴӕཀࡕǴҗߏԴǵׅৣ๏ϒࣹᜫઔᅽǴߥգৎЊѳӼǵ …ǵߥՙՉًӼӄǵઔգጌ่ؼጔౢᙦԏǵёаᏢނᔅշྍቶǵҖ္ ȩᙯޕёаቚуߕуሽॶǶаЎϯࣁ୷ۭǴ่ӝബཀхးǴջёஒȨྍᓐۓ ȩǶޕȩǴԋȨးޕȨࠔډȩǴӆ໘ޕᡂࣁȨуπ
മΚǴԶࢂӵՖၮҔЎϯ܈ᝡݾᓬ༈ςόӆࢂβӦǵၗҁޑϞǴౢ ሽॶȩکՅϣǴΨ໔ௗߦԋΑȨғࢲཀကکᆅޕϣ఼ǵബཀуॶǵ ښਔжǴᙯᡂࣁჹғࢲࠔ፦ᆶࠔޑׯᡂǶౢவа۳மፓεໆғౢǵεໆޑ
141 2016 The International Conference of Indigenous Crops and Traditional Culture Industry Development
ᜢЈޑჹЎϯᇡӕۈុᘉεǴΓॺΨ໒ޑ୯ሞҬࢬکǶ٠Ъᒿӄౚϯଓޑ ᏤӛǶޣᏤӛᙯᡂࣁޣуख़ຎǶౢࢲΨவғౢ׳ښࠔޑᆶғࢲ॥ ࡘԵኳԄǴωૈޑѸᙯᡂচٰޣሽॶᢀǴғౢ܈གǵཀကޑғࢲଓۈ໒ޣ ҁޑࢂǴࡌҥচໂပЎബౢޑख़ा׳Ƕሡޑښჹғࢲࠔ፦ᆶࠔޣىᅈ ᆶୖޑЎϯǴԶᇡӕᆶᆢៈǹԶόӕ໘ࢤޑᕕှԾρ׳Ǵ൩ӧߦ٬Γёаي ӛวǶ҅ޑޗᕕှǴߦӭϡЎϯޑёаӢԜԶߦόӕЎϯ໔׳ޣ
ୖԵЎ
Ўϯ http://www.moc.gov.tw/ (ᔠܭ 2016 ԃ 7 Д) (ԃ 7 Д 2016 ܭЎϯЎϯၗౢֽ http://www.boch.gov.tw (ᔠ ֆࡘ 2004 Ўϯബཀޑౢϯࡘᆢ(Π) Ϟ᛬ೌ 136:134-137Ƕ ݅҉ᝄ 2015 аၭౢวචဂᆫਏ ၭࡹᆶၭ ಃ 282 යǶ ୯ زӦচໂပၭౢวϐࣴەੀՙ 2014 ጪၭׯؼ݅ ፕЎว߄ p.237-263ǶزҥကεᏢচՐ҇ࣴ ᔼᆶЎϯࡌ ፕᆶࡹ 10(2):109-116Ƕޗ ࠄ 1996ځഋ ٯഋऴ 2008 চՐ҇ᔮ֚ნᆶӦБЎϯౢวϐёૈǺаਲԮभӦࣁ ୯ৎᆶޗ 4:1-42Ƕ ྦྷǵ༇ᙼ 2004 চՐ҇ӦБЎϯౢᕴᡏᔠ ᇻࢬрހޗ ᆵчǶ ᔮ 2015 ύλҾқҜਜ p.253-262Ƕ ᎄԾໜ 2014 ၭЎബόࢂѝԖȨхးीȩ ၭ૽ᚇᇞ 298:14-24Ƕ ᖴฦܮ 2005 ᗺᐯচՐ҇ЎϯޑพвОǺЎϯౢޑᢀᗺว߄ܭȨӭϡЎϯᆶ Ƕ܌زวࣴȩ ѠεᏢ୯ৎวࣴុ҉ Nurse, K. 1999. Globalization and Trinidad Carnival: Diaspora, Hybridity and identity in Global Culture. Cultural Studies 13(4): 661-690. Peter F. Drucker Җᐋ 2001 լᆒᒧǺᆅጇ ϺΠЎϯ ᆵчǶ
142 2016 চໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥว୯ሞࣴт
The development of cultural and creative industries in Aboriginal Specialty Crops Industry
Ting-Wei Fu
Hualien Cultural Creative Industries Park
Abstract Eastern Taiwan, beautiful scenery, vast area, and expansion of the natural landscape, and a lot of geography resources. But aboriginal tribes, far from the city, life is relatively difficult. How to take advantage of the natural landscape and cultural resources, improve quality through creativity, Strengthen the innovation capacity of the output value, the establishment of marketing channels, complete entrepreneurial incentives, Innovation, creativity, entrepreneurial thinking, to create tribal Special Crop Value, It is worthy of our efforts topic.
Keywords: Specialty Crop, Aboriginal tribes, Cultural and Creative, Thought about Innovation, Creativity, Entrepreneurship
143 ୯ৎკਜᓔрހࠔႣՉጓҞ(CIP)ၗ
ġ ȨচໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥวȩ୯ሞࣴ т / ࢫίඁЬጓ. -- ಃހ. -- ጪᑜӓӼ ጪၭׯؼǴ҇ہໂǺՉࡹଣၭ 105.09 !य़ ; !Ϧϩ ISBN 978-986-04-9838-7 (ѳး)
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ȨচໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥวȩ ୯ሞࣴт
ਜ ! ! Ӝ Ǻ ȨচໂՅբނᆶЎϯౢബཥวȩ୯ሞࣴт วՉΓǺ Ь ጓ Ǻ ࢫίඁ ጓ ! ! ᒠ Ǻ ǵणऍ࣓ǵ࠹εѳǵယػণǵ݅ੀՙǵࢫίඁ ጪၭׯؼہᐒᜢǺ Չࡹଣၭހр Ӧ֟ 97365 ጪᑜӓӼໂӓӼӓӼၡΒࢤ 150 ဦ /ᆛ֟ http://www.hdares.gov.tw ႝ၉ (03)8521108 (03)8535902 рހԃДǺ ύ҇୯ɄϖԃΐД ҁ 600 ڇಃހԛ Ǻ ಃ ! ! ހ (زԖǴᙌӑѸ܌ހ) ሽǺཥѠჾ200 ϡ!!ु /୧ਜֽǺ ୯ৎਜ۫݊Ԣߐѱ http://www.govbooks.com.tw 104 ᆵчѱ݊Ԣၡ 209 ဦ 1 ኴ ႝ၉Ǻ02-25180207 /ϖࠄЎϯቶᆵύᕴ۫ http://www.wunanbooks.com.tw 400 ᆵύѱύξၡ 6 ဦ ႝ၉Ǻ04-22260330
GPN烉1010501651 ISBNǺ978-986-04-9838-7