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Ull History Centre: Anne Patricia Kerr MP Hull History Centre: Anne Patricia Kerr MP U DMK Records of Anne Patricia Kerr MP (1925-1973) 1952-1973 Accession number: 1974/42 Biographical Background: Anne Patricia Bersey was born on 24 March 1925 in Wandsworth, London and educated at state schools in Hammersmith and Exmouth. During the Second World War she served in the WRNS and was based at Plymouth, Dartmouth and Portsmouth. She met and married her first husband James Doran Clark, a Lieutenant in the Royal Marines, in 1944, a month before D-Day, and her son Patrick was born a year later. The marriage lasted eight years and ended in divorce. Her experiences as a WREN critically influenced her outlook on life and her consequent approach to politics, which was always coloured by a fundamental opposition to war. After the war she worked in theatre, films, television and radio as an actress, interviewer and broadcaster. She joined the actors' union Equity in 1951 and became a member of the Labour Party at the age of 28. One of the first issues in which she became deeply involved was the campaign for the abolition of the death penalty in Britain, which gained momentum in the 1950s in the wake of the execution of Derek Bentley. She was involved in the attempts to gain a reprieve for Bentley and in 1965 successfully campaigned for his remains to be removed from Wandsworth prison for a Christian burial [U DMK/1/70]. Following her election to London County Council (LCC) in 1958 as Labour Councillor for Putney, she used her political influence to make appeals to the Home Office on behalf of prisoners sentenced to the death penalty [U DMK/1/89]. She held her seat on the LCC until 1965, the year in which the bill to abolish capital punishment became law. The religious perspective which she brought to bear on her political activities is revealed by her early involvement in Christian Action - she was a member of the Council of the organisation from the 1950s onwards and in this capacity undertook a seven-week tour of Eastern Europe in early September 1956 [U DMK/1/96]. She travelled as an assistant to Bob Jayatilaka, a Ceylonese MP, through East Germany, Poland (thereby witnessing the Poznan trials), Czechoslovakia (where they visited the 'murdered village' of Lidice) and Russia. Outside the Soviet Union itself they encountered a new atmosphere of liberty and a hatred of the Soviet system, a combination which was to prove so explosive in Hungary only weeks after their tour ended. An unpublished article by Roderick Ogley discusses this tour of Eastern Europe in some depth [U DMK/1/182]. She was also a member of the Christian Socialist Movement founded by Donald (later Lord) Soper in 1960, the Methodist Peace Fellowship and the Fellowship for Reconciliation [U DMK/1/97, 181]. In an attempt to enter national politics, she stood as Labour candidate for Twickenham in the 1959 general election, but was defeated. A year later she married for the second time to the Labour MP, Russell Whiston Kerr. At the next general election in 1964 she succeeded in becoming the Labour Member of Parliament for the constituency of Rochester and Chatham in Kent, taking the seat from the Conservatives. She was duly re-elected in 1966. As an MP she was characterised as belonging to the radical wing of the Labour Party on a number of contemporary issues, such as the Vietnam War, nuclear disarmament and human rights. She was a founder member of both the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (in 1958) and the Committee of 100 (in 1960). She made several visits abroad to attend international conferences on issues of world peace and disarmament, including the congress in Tokyo in August 1966 marking the 21st anniversary of the bombing of Hiroshima, the International Conference Against War Danger held in New Delhi in November 1966, the conference organised by Voice of Women in Montreal in June 1967 and the 50th anniversary conference Page 1 of 39 Hull History Centre: Anne Patricia Kerr MP of the Peace Decree which withdrew Russia from the First World War [U DMK/1/133-134, 131, 88, 209]. Her participation at such events and her opposition to the Vietnam War earned her hostility in many quarters, including the local press. She was nonetheless a committed and active MP on behalf of her constituents and undertook many campaigns over such local issues as transport, leisure facilities, the position of pensioners and the future of Chatham dockyard. As a signatory of the Socialist Charter launched by the Tribune Group of Labour MPs in June 1968, she advocated more systematic control of the British economy by government, subscribing to the idea of a planned economy based upon a substantial degree of public ownership [DMK/1/143 & 208]. This position brought her into conflict with the Labour government, particularly over its prices and incomes policy, which became law in July 1966 and which imposed a wage freeze and a corresponding restraint on prices [U DMK/1/178]. It was the Vietnam War however which made the greatest impact on her political life, bringing into focus her longterm concerns about threats to world peace and stability. She became involved with the anti-Vietnam war movement as early as 1965, attending a meeting of non- aligned peace groups in Britain in June of that year [U DMK/1/218]. She maintained contacts with a variety of organisations, such as the British Campaign for Peace in Vietnam, Vietnam Medical Aid, Joint Action for Peace, local peace councils and the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), as well as American groups such as Women Strike for Peace [U DMK/1/211, 213-228]. She also received regular information from the Union of Women of Vietnam. As well as joining numerous demonstrations, she attended two major conferences organised by the peace movement, namely the Stockholm Conference on Vietnam in July 1967 and the Paris Conference of Women to End the War in Vietnam in April 1968 [U DMK/1/228, 225]. She used her influence as an MP to generate support for the aims of the peace movement, namely the unconditional cessation of bombing by the USA and immediate peace negotiations. In 1967 she organised a meeting of women opposed to the war, the outcome of which was a letter sent to the international press, Prime Ministers and Opposition leaders [U DMK/1/220]. She was particularly appalled by the evidence of war crimes by US troops and their Vietnamese allies against women and children and regularly raised such matters in Parliament. In November 1969 for example she highlighted the situation in Thu Duc prison in Saigon during a debate on the foreign policy aspects of the Queen's speech [U DMK/1/213]. In August 1968 at the height of opposition to American participation in the Vietnam war, she and her husband attended the Democratic Party Convention in Chicago as observers. An anti-Vietnam war demonstration held outside the Convention degenerated into a riot and she was caught up in the violence, summarily arrested, manhandled and detained overnight. She sustained several injuries, including severe burns and temporary blindness as a result of being sprayed in the face at close range with mace by the police. She was briefly detained and then released without charge. Her case received extensive publicity both in Britain and North America, which renewed in December 1969 when she returned to the United States to testify for the defence at the so-called Chicago conspiracy trial [U DMK/1/92]. Following the broadcast by the BBC of the American Civil Liberties Union film of the riots, she sued the City of Chicago for damages in July 1970 [U DMK/1/93]. After returning from America, she travelled to Londonderry at the invitation of the Civil Rights Association of Northern Ireland with her husband and the Labour MP for Uxbridge, John Ryan, to act as observers of the first civil rights march planned for the weekend of 5-6 Page 2 of 39 Hull History Centre: Anne Patricia Kerr MP October 1968 [U DMK/1/163]. As rioting erupted, she witnessed the violence at first hand. After the event she was concerned to highlight what she saw as evidence of police brutality, including the treatment received by Gerry Fitt, Republican Labour MP for West Belfast. Coming so soon after the riots in Chicago, her activities in Northern Ireland further fuelled those opponents of her radical stance on human rights. In the 1970 general election she was defeated by the Conservative candidate Peggy Fenner, but remained on the Party's list of members willing to stand for Parliament [U DMK/3/3]. She began to devote an increasing amount of time to the campaign against Britain's entry into the Common Market and acted as Chair of the all-party pressure group Women Against the Common Market (WACM), which she helped to found in November 1970, until her death [U DMK/2]. Her commitment to the issue became such that she later refused several nominations as Prospective Parliamentary Candidate, which she was offered during 1971 and 1972 [U DMK/3/3]. Her particular concerns were the implications that membership of the Common Market would have for the price of goods in Britain and for trade relations between Britain and the Commonwealth. The main focus of the campaign was to lobby Parliament and maintain a high public profile, liaising with various anti-Common Market organisations, such as the Common Market Safeguards Campaign and the Keep Britain Out Campaign, as well as trade unions and sympathetic MPs.
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