Cross-boundary Implementation of Climate Adaptation Plans in - a LIFE Integrated Project

Baltic Sea Cooperation for Climate Resilience and Urban Floods Seminar 16 October 2019, in Helsinki, Rikke Nan Valdemarsen, Advisor – C2C CC Who am I? Introduction to

Denmark In Central Denmark 5.5 mill. inhabitants Region: 5 regions • Highest point 178 m 98 municipalities • 2,500 km of coast • 10,000 km of streams Progress of the Danish Adaptation Policy Development - our experience working with municipalities on a regional level

I • No authority in DK has taken on the role to secure a prudent and coherent planning across municipality borders.

• It is our assertion that Water Knows No Frontiers – and that is the reason why water must be handled in broad collaborations.

• In DK no authority secures a coordination across authorities and various interests. So in Central Denmark Region we have decided to do something about it. Progress of the Danish Adaptation Policy Development - our experience working with municipalities on a regional level

• The government platform, in 2012, decided, that the municipalities should have climate adaptation plans within 2 years. We went through the plans to get an impression of how the municipalities handled the task.

• We found a vast difference in how the task had been solved. However, certain issues were the same across the municipality borders. Thus, we considered it wise to initiate collaboration on handling the joint challenges.

• It formed the basis for the project C2C CC Progress of the Danish Adaptation Policy Development - our experience working with municipalities on a regional level

Legislative drivers

• 2014: Climate adaption plans in 98 municipalities

• 2018: Climate and coastal protection in municipalities Progress of the Danish Adaptation Policy Development - our experience working with municipalities on a regional level

• Which areas will be flooded?

• Value mapping using the BBR (national housing and building register)

• Escape routes (values – what must be preserved)

• Merging various maps Progress of the Danish Adaptation Policy Development - our experience working with municipalities on a regional level

p 17: http://www.rm.dk/siteassets/regional-udvikling/ru/publikationer/klimatilpasning/skabelon- klimatilpasning2013.pdf Progress of the Danish Adaptation Policy Development - our experience working with municipalities on a regional level

• Implementation of who must pay? • A finance system based on rates where the consumers pay for water supply and water discharge levy respectively • Finding the money for climate adaptation: • The water utillities have service objectives, • Political requirement that the municipality can handle a 10 or 25 year incident (historically, 5 year incident) • The utility can pay by a finance system based on rates, if the model is cheaper than traditionally. Progress of the Danish Adaptation Policy Development - our experience working with municipalities on a regional level

The Secretariat for Water Supply sets the price ceilings and economic limits for Danish water and waste water companies to ensure the best prices on water.

The water regulation ensures that:

• Consumers are not overcharged

• Companies have the necessary means to operate their net

• Companies continuously are streamlining their operation Progress of the Danish Adaptation Policy Development - our experience working with municipalities on a regional level

• The Secretariat for Water Supply is a national board to which the utility/municipality can apply for funds. Progress of the Danish Adaptation Policy Development - our experience working with municipalities on a regional level

A finance system based on rates

• Each utility has to benchmark itself against others (published for 2017 based on accounting figures).

• There is a CEILING. An application can be made to raise the ceiling due to extraordinary climate adaptation costs.

• The ceiling is the reason why utilities are merged, as the benchmark becomes too expensive for the individual utility. Progress of the Danish Adaptation Policy Development - our experience working with municipalities on a regional level

All stakeholders put the system to the test, and the boundaries are moving. E.g. making the streams robust. Does that imply that the polluters can discharge more?

2016: 100 % financing 2017: 80 % financing (not a single project was applied for) 2018/2019: 100 % financing (again)

Still, municipalities pay for only hardware like tables and benches. Progress of the Danish Adaptation Policy Development - our experience working with municipalities on a regional level

• In order to get free resources in the coming budgets, planning within municipality borders

• 10 areas for special risk management plans (more far-reaching than climate adaptation plans, and not a requirement)

• No requirements for coordinated planning (only in municipality)

• Coordinated planning in C2C CC Progress of the Danish Adaptation Policy Development - our experience working with municipalities on a regional level

• The utility must comply to the regulations and pay

• Functional ownership: Delay of water in the countryside/farmland fields. The municipality must own the function of the plant. If it leads to damages, the landowner is compensated. Progress of the Danish Adaptation Policy Development - our experience working with municipalities on a regional level

• The municipalities and the citizens plan within the scope of the legislation. They must comply with the consideration for biodiversity and aestaetics.

• The Danish society for Nature Conservation is dissatisfied due to too few requirements.

• The state grants money for projects in the National Budget.

• Otherwise, municipal own financial contribution. Progress of the Danish Adaptation Policy Development - our experience working with municipalities on a regional level

The citizen who has the dog crap, must pay himself”

”Principle of use: The one who has got the usefulness, must pay for it” Introduction to Central Denmark Region

Denmark In Central Denmark 5.5 mill. inhabitants Region: 5 regions • Highest point 178 m 98 municipalities • 2,500 km of coast • 10,000 km of streams Progress of the Danish Adaptation Policy Development - our experience working with municipalities on a regional level

• Central Denmark Region makes a template with the municipalities and an advisor from the Environmental Protection Agency. • The attention is on the dialogue across governance borders, and to merge risk maps with value maps in order to generate joint principles for value assessment (not in each municipality) in order to create a better understanding. • Joint scenarios are made, at sea levels rises +1 m and +3 m, for a joint map. • Climate adaption plans, finding the joint challenges, the holes in the cheese and filling out those holes. Water challenges in the year 2100 (in Denmark)

10 - 40% increased precipitation

½ - 1 m higher sea 5 - 15 % increased level run-off water

0 - 2 m higher groundwater table River challenges in the Gudenå

Mean annual flow, litres per second Coastal Challenges Water knows No Frontiers Following CH, DK Climate change affect has the highest us in various ways, e.g. European losses extreme heat in connected to water Southern Europe and incidents! more water in the North.

No matter how much Our challenges are we limit the CO 2 similar to many other emissions, the climate changes and places in the world. we need to adapt! The Project Supporting Partners 1. Beredskabsstyrelsen 2. Concito Partners of Collaboration 3. DI 4. DTU Miljø 1. Region Midtjylland, leadpartner 2. Central Denmark EU-Office 5. Eksportforeningen 3. Favrskov Kommune 6. Ferskvandscentret 4. Kommune 7. Forsikring og Pension 5. Kommune 6. Kommune 8. GEUS 7. Kommune 9. Kommune 8. Kommune 9. Lemvig Vand & Spildevand A/S 10. KLIKOVAND 10. Morsø Forsyning A/S 11. Kystdirektoratet 11. Morsø Kommune 12. Mariager Kommuner 12. Norddjurs Kommune 13. Randers Kommune 13. Miljøstyrelsen 14. Samsø Kommune 14. Kommune 15. Kommune 16. Forsyningsvirksomhed A/S 15. Randers Vandmiljø 17. Skanderborg Kommune 16. Ringkøbing-Skjern Kommune 18. Skive Kommune 17. SAMN Forsyning 19. Skive Vand A/S 20. Struer Forsyning & Spildevand A/S 18. SEGES 21. Struer Kommune 19. Teknologisk Institut 22. Syddjurs Kommune 23. Kommune 20. Vand i byer 24. Thisted Spildevand Transport A/S 21. Kommune 25. Vestforsyning Erhverv A/S 26. Vesthimmerland Kommune 22. Danske Maskinstationer og 27. Vesthimmerlands Vand A/S Entreprenører 28. VIA University College 23. Syddansk Universitet 29. Viborg Kommune 30. Universitet 31. Aarhus Universitet

Project period 6 years Budget EUR 12m Support EUR 7m The Direction

Capacity building and sustainable 1 region 18 municipalities C2C CC Matrix 8 water companies 3 universities 1 EU rep. office

GOVERNANCE 24 Actions = 31 partners

TOOLS + 23 supporting partners

INNOVATION Life project: 6 years 12m EUR

SUSTAINABILITY CAPACITY BUILDING Progress of the Danish Adaptation Policy Development - our experience working with municipalities on a regional level

We work in the C2C CC matrix where the vertical pillars represent the water circuit, whereas the three horisontal tasks handle cross-disciplinary considerations, we

• develop new ways of planning and new ways of managing the solutions

• develop the best possible tools and a joint basis for decisions thus concepts and solutions solve several challenges at the same time, and

• include the enterprises, creating business opportunities Governance

• Hands on Preparatory Actions A1 • Mobilising broad partnerships (Bulgaria, , India, Japan) • Challenges, the partners needed to solve anyway, and which they could not solve on their own • Synergies and opportunities in co-creation • Improving processes during co-creation • Gaps finding in existing legislation • Legislation, new paradigm for maintenance • The UK, the watertrusts (no demands from the governance side), local stakeholders and local ownership result in success and maintenance The overall objective

Better mutual planning than one can do alone Efficiently taking care of water related climate challenges and turning them into business opportunities and improvements of society Joint vision and strategy, collaborative planning and division of labour

Creating a Danish Water Valley, paving the way in Europe We have the platform!

Thus we have good prerequisites for developing, testing, manufacturing and selling new solutions

We must develop and demonstrate new solutions and concepts train the labour force create the necessary organisations (networks, cross-boundary collaborations, information centres etc.)

In other words, we shall collaborate on a shared vision a joint strategy coordinating plans a rational division of labour Le Mur in Lemvig is a multifunctional solution sØnæs in Viborg is a multifunctional solution Climate road in Hedensted Klimavejen – permeable asphalt with a multi functional solution

• Precipitation is used for district heating of a kindergarten • Innovative collaboration started among participants, on a European Climate Change Adaption Confence in Glasgow, where they met by chance • 13 participants, VIA University College, PhD students, , and Lemvig Public Utility. • NCC (construction), Lemvig Public Utility and Klimatorium did the initial sale to NZ. • VIA University College and Lemvig Public Utility collaborated with an interest in NZ. • Resulting in prolonged training of engineers, and a study tour to NZ. • One on one replication of Klimatorium in NZ. Many changes are needed

Rice in future?

Adaption of sustainable Now wheat agriculture We need to be prepared for flooding Business Opportunities

Permeable pavements

Adaptive sluices

Efficient pumps C4 Remote Sensing as a Tool – using the Copernicus programme data Copernicus programme, • Sentinel-1: High spatio-temporal resolution and spatial coverage Sentinel-1 • Data acquisition ensured until 2030 (2014 – 2016) • Free and open data policy

Great potential for nationwide deformation monitoring!

Ref: PPO.Labs, NORUT, NGU (2017) Source: Agency for Data Supply and Efficiency, Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate Game changers – new paradigms in innovation and business development

• Eco System Services

• Nature based solution

• Biodiversity AquaGlobe Klimatorium To udstillingsvinduer Dissemination

• Climate history / cultural history • Communication to raise awareness among citizens • Platforms like museums, and 2 beacons, Klimatorium and AquaGlobe • Films • Events

AquaGlobe Klimatorium C2C CC – a Pathway to a Climate Resilient Region

A Becoming a climate resilient (SDG) region is reached fast and efficient I M Smart knowledge based Climate Change Adaptation is implemented locally and regionally

Technical and stewardship guidance and support across and from outside the consortium to P implement local and catchment based CCA solutions R O Capacity development for the use of climate adaption, targeted decision makers C E S S Science-based climate change adaptation knowledge (methods, data and innovation)

The most significant results

... are related to the cross-boundary work, Uniform tools provide: which are the results created across interaction on coherent scenario work administrative borders common high quality preparedness Cross-cutting cooperation provides more and Great interest in learning: better climate adaptation to arrange and apply cross-collaborative In Central work is done: collaborations more holistic to learn Mutual Gains Approach more with multifunctional solutions Very positive experiences and widespread use to a lesser extent with sub-optimization / local of young people in climate adaptation solutions Municipal and regional politicians dare to speak The project's focus on climate adaptation more about climate adaptation and see the creates a higher level of activity potentials

46 Capacities is mainly built around: • negotiation methods • thinking holistic • understanding the legal frames • broad collaboration/co-creation • sharing processes and solutions in • creating added value the partnership • using tools and scenario work

47 Policy Issues

1. Changes in Danish Spatial Planning Act 2. Possible decommissioning of the Danish regions and consequences for the project 3. Development of the common long-term CCA strategy 4. Policy relevance of the project, identified barriers 5. Other issues? Municipal planning and climate adaptation

2013: Change in the Danish Planning act – risk mapping and municipal climate adaptation plans No renewal of climate adaptation plans Integration of climate adaptation in local planning – effective in relation to new constructions

49 Change in the Danish Planning act

• 1st February 2018 – incorporation of flooding and coastal erosion in physical planning • Identification of risk areas • Provision of data from the government • September 2018 – municipalities as coastal authorities

50 Implications on C2C CC

No profound effect Holistic planning Relevance to physical planning and constructions Increased attention on coastal areas C2C CC - cooperation with the Danish Coastal Authorities (C1)

51 Possible decommissioning of the Danish regions

1/1 2007 2011 2015 5th June 2019 The regions The government The regions Election – we replaced the discussed were given new expect a counties decommissionin responsibilities change of g of the regions government 1/1 2019 Several players have offered to take over The regions can no longer C2C CC if the regions are closed down work with 52 business development Development of the common long-term CCA strategy

After LIFE A new national organization Phase 2: Innovation are established Ensure multifunctional and Sustainable, holistic and Phase 1: Tools holistic solutions that can Phase 3: Governance multifunctional solutions are implemented Develop tools to create a be implemented among Develop a paradigm for Integrated planning uniform basis to make relevant actors, holistic planning, legislation decisions of high quality. authorities, consultants and process. and universities.

53 Many preparation activities related to the common strategy, e.g.:

• Sustainable Development Goals are used • Multifunctional/Added value and holistic approach • Mutual inspiration, also from complementary projects and abroad • Introduction to Mutual Gains Approach in the Netherlands and follow-up education this fall • Master Class in co-creation and added value • Awareness-raising activities on ecosystem services • etc.

54 Dialogue about the future structure / organization of climate change stakeholders in Denmark • Development of a Water Valley with Climatorium, AquaGlobe and Aarhus Water • Common WHY • Collaboration a National climate Adaptation Conference (23 – 24 Oct 2019) and IWA2020 • CDR is a member of Urban Water • Heavy dialogue with Urban Water, KLIKOVAND, CLEAN etc. about creating a new future umbrella organization / cluster organization • Inspiration and dialogue with the think tank Concito • 20 May 2019 CLEAN sent an application for support to create an innovation network

55 In Phase 3 the activities will be more focused on the goal of making a common strategy to implement in all municipalities and utilities supplemented with (coordinated) local action plans. This process, the C2C CC secreatariat will facilitate. We think of the strategy and action plans as coordinated with education activities, information for citizens etc.

56 Timeline

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

Nov. 2021 Municipal election C2C CC

Building up capacity, holistic Good opportunity to achieve approach and strength to that holistic climate take lead adaptation becomes a political issue

57 Policy relevance of the project, identified barriers

Habitat directive: Conflict with occasionally retaining water close to Nature2000

Water framework directive: Conflict between change of water levels in lakes and streams and CCA

Common Agricultural Policy: Conflict between agricultural subsidies and the use of land for CCA

58 Policy relevance of the project, identified barriers

Difficult to create synergy across EU legislation and climate change adaptation.

What have C2C CC done to change the current state? Participated in expert committees Attended political meetings Meetings with the EU Commission Discussion in the Steering Committee

59 Technical Issues

1. Replication Activities 2. Tools 3. Climatorium 4. The Dialogue Model / MGA 5. Education Activities 6. KPI 7. Platform Meeting – project ideas 8. Other Issues

60 Replication Activities

Two levels of replication: 1. Internal in the partnership 2. External from the partnership to others

Tree kinds of replication: 1. Physical 2. Tools and 3. Methods

An example: Brittany, France We share knowledge with stakeholders like organizations, companies on methods, results etc. Raise the question, is there a need for a certain level of implementation?

61 Physical examples of replication activities

• Climate Road - New Zealand • Car parks in Hedensted municipality and • Climatorium DK -> • Climatorium - New Zealand

62 Replication of tools - examples

The Ground Water Tool - actually we are working on covering all of Denmark. SCALGO distributes the tool world-wide.

PhD student on in situ cleaning of surface water - will be replicated inside and outside til partnership.

3Di – Replicated from the Netherlands to C2C CC partners

63 Replication of methods - examples

Working with holistic, multifunctional solutions and added value - it is our experience that it is increasingly prevalent (e.g. Tokyo)

Creating broader partnerships to handle complex challenges – we meet great interest in our experiences – both from Denmark and from abroad

64 Tools C3 and C6

65 Proces August 2017: Brainstorm meeting in Horsens og Holstebro •Experiences from the partnership with shallow groundwater •What is the need for knowing more about where the shallow groundwater is located? •Which functionality should the tool contain? •Establishment of a project group - Jan Sørensen, Ikast-Brande Municipality - Claus Holst Iversen, - Theis Raaschou Andersen, VIA University - Mia Rix, Meeting with the project group about contents and the form of the tender •cases og competitive dialogue Tender Functional description of the tool: Location and registration of the shallow groundwater Users - municipalities and utilities Urban planning, construction work, climate adaptation Shallow groundwater within 1 meter below terrain (now and in 2050) Developing a cloudburst map with the infiltration capacity for different soil types Tender Tender released in January 2018 • 8 teams – prequalification Team nr. Applicant Sub-consulant 1 COWI GEUS 2 GEO Envidan 3 DHI 4 Hydroinform Septima 5 Orbicon 6 Rambøll 7 Niras IGIS + Institut for Agroøkologi 8 Geopartner Watson C Scalgo was chosen as a supplier for the IT-platform

Data basis and data analysis

Period: 1998 - 2017 (68.000->30.036) Groundwater level down to 10 m.u.t Data cleansing No. of observations 14.916 ( approx 1 per km² ) 392 monitoring wells with more than 5 registrations 1.900 points i streams, lakes og coasts: GVS=0 m.u.t Geophysical investigations Why machine learning?

Training

Variable Target Output Random Forest Creation of decision trees Average of 1000 tree s Every tree is built on a coincidental set of data and variable

Input : 26 variables & 17.000 traning data (15.000 monitoring wells + 2.000 point in streams, lakes etc.) Variables Groups Variables

Clay content - a horizon Clay content - b horizon Clay content - c horizon Clay content - d horizon Quaternary thickness Top clay thickness Drain probability Drain categories Lowland classification Landscape typology Geo-region Geology Soil type Elevation model Elevation model detrend Topographic Wetness Index Saga Wetness Index Upstreams area Inclination Topography Vertical distance to streams Vertical distance to streams

Horizontal distance to streams

Distance to surface water Lake, stream, and coast classification Precipitation Precipitation Degree of impervious areas Land use Land use Coordinates (utmx) Coordinates Coordinates (utmy) The Dialogue Model / Mutual Gains Approach

DIALOGUE

Network with all relevant stakeholders 74 Mutual Gains Approach

First we were introduced to MGA at ECCA2017 in Glasgow at our session A Dutch consultant followed up during a meeting in Denmark, July 2017 The Dutch consultant, Karsten Schipperheijn, P2, was a huge help in planning the study tour to the Netherlands in May 2018 introduced us to MGA showed us examples (Room for the River Waal etc.) received visits from partners subsequently we plan to follow up with a course in the region

75 Mutual Gains Approach

The two methods are very much alike The Dialogue Model is “home made” The MGA model is developed and formulated at a American university The method is told to be a Scandinavian way of cooperating / negotiate based on great mutual trust All stakeholders achieve better results, that they expected from the beginning Mutual Gains Approach

Combined with the master class on co-creation and added value, we arrange one or more courses for the partnership (and politicians) – this fall

77 ECCA2019

78 Name of the session: Adaptive governance reflections on cross-border and cross-authority partnerships How to make CCA partnerships work? Adaptive governance reflections on the CCA cross-border and cross-authority partnership “EU LIFE C2C CC”

6 people from the partnership tells from their angle; 1. EU LIFE IP C2C CC and CDR is taking the role of facilitating cross border governance of CCA without a regulatory mandate , Dorthe Selmer, project manager at C2C CC 2. CCA collaboration across 7 municipalities in the large river catchment of Gudenå , Bjarke Horst Jensen, Hedensted Municipality 3. Why citizen driven partnership makes sense , a C2C CC project, Maria Elise Sørensen 4. The implications of being an island in a cross-border partnership , Bertel Mejlvang, Samsø Municipality 5. Science-practice collaboration in a CCA innovation project; The Climate Road of Hedensted ,,Theis Raaschou Andersen, VIA University College 6. Adaptive governance: theoretical promise and empirical evidence , Helle Ørsted Nielsen, scientist at Aarhus University

79 After 3 talks we ask the following questions: Where are you from? How do you handle cross border challenges? Then 3 more talks, and we have a panel discussion facilitated by Duncan Russel , University of East Anglia. We prepare some questions for this too.

80 81 IWA2020

We have submitted expression of interest in a technical tour in continuation of the conference (in the week-end). This is done in collaboration with Climatorium, AquaGlobe and Aarhus Utility. We jointly promote Danish multifunctional solutions to a StoryMap developed in C2C CC. We coordinate with the other Danish participants at the Danish booth . Expect some sessions and posters.

82 National Conference on Climate Adaptation 23 – 24 October 2019

Topic ‰ future climate adaptation Arranged in collaboration with our complementary projects 3 tracks with different sessions Strategic added value to climate adaptation Techniques and concepts Organization and collaboration •Poster sessions, lectures, networking, excursions and more

83 Education

84 Involvement of Students – Capacity Building Education

Phase 1 Claus Lolk – ”An Inquiry of Collective Climate Master thesis, ”Imagining sustainable development: Action” techno anthropology (internship) tehcno-anthropological considerations of the SDGs”, Jonas Jessen Pernille Paulsen, Klimatorium PhD Thesis, ”In-situ Cleansing in Climate Roads” Jonas Jessen, Climate Ribbon Lasse Abrahamsen (Phase 2), Lemvig Vand og Claus Lolk, AquaGlobe Spildevand, Aalborg University, VIA University College, NCC Phase 2 Master thesis, ”Assessment of Municipal Use of Future ESS and their challenges” Focus on collaboration among youngsters. Latest Guide for Municipalities on How to Implement knowledge, up-to-date education with practical ESS experience Patrick Danielsen, C2C CC secretariat

85 Involvement of Students – Capacity Building Education (ctd)

Phase 1 Phase 2 Horsens Statsskole, climate adaptation Project Economist (trainee) Lise Lotte event Stick, secretatiat The Globe – engineer the future, climate change (1,800 pupils) Future MSc (internship) Focus on the collaboration among Christian Billund Dehlbæk, Randers youngsters Municipality Latest knowledge, up-to-date education MSc (practical training) with practical experience Pernille Krüger Mertz Danish Championship in Sewers 2020

86 Education Activities – Holistic and Cross-disciplinary Capacity Building

Internships (3) Rainwater consultants education with the PhD thesis (1) COST EU network Technological Institute (2) VIA University College students, new C24 Climate Heritage and Culture knowledge on climate mitigation and climate Generating political awareness (3) adaptation Water Cycle Management, Aarhus National applications on energy and climate adaptation, VIA University College (3) University summer school Courses WATEC network Workshops Magic Road – Kindergarten e.g. ”A – Å’en (I –III)” (3) Developing tools in the partnership Seminars Master Classes e.g. Tokyo Climate Challenges AquaGlobe/Klimatorium (government school/upper secondary school)

87 Status of Key Project-level Indicators

• Relevance of KPIs in C2C CC • Difficult to fill out the KPIs on a project level • Mostly relevant for the Governance track

88 Status of Key Project-level Indicators

A number of indicators for the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Pilotproject: A Danish baseline for Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communties

89 Status of Key Project-level Indicators

Goal 11.5 5 Reduce the consequences of natural disasters

UN indicator Number of people dead or disappeared due to natural disasters

Danish indicator Public expenses used for protection against climate changes

90 Platform Meeting

Issues? Methods for dialogue / collaboration / co-creation Models Technical solutions Use of the SDGs IWA2020 The Danish Water Valley in spe What is the climate related situation? (The frames)

91 The Life Integrated Project Coast to Coast Climate Challenge is,

} 48 triple/quadruple helix partners making the region climate resilient

} focusing on catchment based holistic solutions

} working on climate adaptation and water in partnerships

} combining societal challenges with business opportunities

} a truly integrated project Thank you for listening

Rikke Nan Valdemarsen [email protected] Mobile +45 29 64 60 52 www.c2ccc.eu