What have we learned from the first 7 Years online?
Jonathan Silvertown, University of Edinburgh Mike Dodd, The Open University @iSpotnature 2006 Biodiversity Observatory
Become a recognized expert
Spider
Beetle bluebottle Take OU Course Stag beetle
Mountain goat Biodiversity to learn Swan more Yes Take OU Course Cotoneaster ID correct ! Neighbourhood Owl See who else has Nature to learn more mapped your Use keys from the Get your IDs species and what Start with some casual Observatory to identify checked they say about observations & create your finds them an album of your own or stock photos @iSpotnature 2006 Issues: Validation 1.Some degree of automatic validation should be possible 2.How useful will photos be? 3.The most reliable method will always be the opinion of experts
@iSpotnature Roles for iSpot in biological 2010 recording 1. Nursery for new recorders
2. Surveillance of invasive spp.
3. Records for recording schemes
4. Filling gaps in maps
5. One-stop shop for surveys @iSpotnature 2010 • > 6,500 registered users & rising daily • > 81,000 unique visitors during last year • > 28,000 observations of > 3,000 species • 96% observations have a determination
@iSpotnature Schemes and societies on 2010 iSpot
@iSpotnature Schemes and societies on iSpot 2015
@iSpotnature 2015 570,000 observations 1 million images 54,000 registered users 30,000 species identified
@iSpotnature 2015
@iSpotnature iSpot is scaleable
12000 100% % receiving a Likely a receiving % ID 90% 10000 80% 8000 70% 60% 6000 50% 40% 4000 30% 2000 20% 10% Observations month per Observations 0 0%
Months – Jan 2010 to Mar 2014 @iSpotnature Rapid response of the iSpot social network 88% 93% 100% 77% 56%* Cumulative % 45% identified 26% n = 100,703 Observations 0 - 10 10-30 30- 60 1 - 6 hours 6 - 24 1 - 7 days 7 days - 1 minutes minutes minutes hours year
Time taken for the first ID to be offered @iSpotnature How the iSpot community corrects names Improved precision Improved accuracy False precision
7% Family 13% Family 9%
20% Genus 13% Genus 19%
67% 78% Species 74% Species
@iSpotnature % Changes from the original taxon, n = 13,568 Silvertown et al. (2015) ZooKeys 480: 125-46. Data verification
Queried by an Rejected by an iRecord verifier iRecord verifier 2% 4% Verified by an iRecord verifier 94%
n = 2,234 plant records
@iSpotnature Number of taxa per hectad
1. Almost all hectads have at least one record (missing ones shown in purple) 2. Over 1000 taxa recorded in some hectads. 3. Close correlation between number of taxa and urban areas. 4. Globally 24% of iSpot observations are from urban areas whereas only 0.5% of planet is urban @iSpotnature iSpot networking
Observation Identifier
n = 506
@iSpotnature 5,000 iSpot interactions
Received ID Gave ID Gave & Rcd. ID @iSpotnature @iSpotnature @iSpotnature iSpot Projects HK Bioblitz 2015 • Anyone can set up a project • Filter by: location (polygon), taxa, date, likelyID, habitat, user, tags • Over 1,000 set up since 2013 • Used for recording, education, nature reserves, personal interest, etc.
@iSpotnature vc11 Records Cairngorm NP
@iSpotnature Seaweeds Plant ID Course
@iSpotnature @iSpotnature Andrewm manually indexed > 950 S. African iSpot projects
@iSpotnature Plant – herbivore interactions
@iSpotnature Recording an interaction
@iSpotnature External feeders Plants Insects Buddleja davidii Shargacucullia verbasci Corylus avellana Apoderus coryli ‘New’ insect-plant Prunus padus Yponomeuta evonymella Symphytum officinale Callimorpha dominula Quercus robur Periclista pubescens Xanthoria parietina Eilema depressa Heracleum sphondylium Depressaria pastinacella Cotoneaster Scythropia crataegella Prunus spinosa Yponomeuta cagnagella Euonymus europaeus Galium mollugo Timarcha tenebricosa interactions Tyria jacobaeae Senecio jacobaea Senecio erucifolius Polymixis flavicincta Not / in DBIF Sonchus asper Aglais urticae Urtica dioica Philaenus spumarius Vicia sativa Eriosoma (Schizoneura) ulmi Ulmus procera Celastrina argiolus Galls 38% Miners External Hedera helix Nematus (Kontuniemiana) ribesii Ribes uva-crispa Psyllopsis fraxini Ribes rubrum Laothoe populi Fraxinus excelsior (17) 28% (10) 13% (4) Blennocampa phyllocolpa Salix Operophtera brumata Rosa Cacopsylla sorbi Acer pseudoplatanus Sorbus aucuparia Phalera bucephala Tilia Eucallipterus tiliae Impatiens glandulifera Aphis (Aphis) fabae Chamerion angustifolium Hyles gallii
Gall-formers Leaf-miners Plants Insects Plants Insects Galium mollugo Cecidophyes rouhollahi Ilex aquifolium Phytomyza ilicis Galium aparine Aceria macrorhyncha Lonicera periclymenum Aulagromyza cornigera Eriophyes torminalis Acer opalus Pontania (Eupontania) collactanea Populus alba Phyllocnistis xenia Agromyza nana Sorbus torminalis Tetraneura (Tetraneura) ulmi Trifolium repens Napomyza bellidis Gracillaria syringella Salix repens Fraxinus excelsior Aceria pseudoplatani Aspilapteryx tringipennella Ulmus Aceria cephalonea Ligustrum ovalifolium Psychoides filicivora Bellis perennis Harmandiola cavernosa Plantago lanceolata Stigmella aurella Aceria fraxinivora Polystichum setiferum Acer pseudoplatanus Aceria genistae Orchestes (Orchestes) pilosus Rubus fruticosus agg. Populus tremula Dasineura ulmaria Phytomyza angelicastri Psylla buxi Quercus robur Fraxinus ornus Andricus grossulariae Phyllonorycter leucographella Cytisus Biorhiza pallida Angelica sylvestris Phytomyza chaerophylli Pyracantha Filipendula ulmaria Andricus kollari Agromyza abiens Neuroterus quercusbaccarum Torilis nodosa Buxus sempervirens Andricus fecundator Caloptilia stigmatella Anthriscus sylvestris Stigmella tityrella Quercus robur Neuroterus numismalis Andricus quercuscalicis Anchusa officinalis Phyllonorycter maestingella Fagus sylvatica Mikiola fagi Populus tremula Acrolepia autumnitella Alnus glutinosa Acalitus stenaspis Acalitus brevitarsus Fagus sylvatica Cameraria ohridella Acer campestre Eriophyes laevis Solanum dulcamara Pegomya solennis Juglans regia Eriophyes inangulis Aesculus hippocastanum Pegomya bicolor Aceria macrochela Geum urbanum Aceria aceriscampestris Rumex hydrolapathum Chromatomyia primulae Carpinus betulus Aceria myriadeum Rumex crispus Trachys minuta Eriophyes tristriatus Incurvaria pectinea Salix alba Primula vulgaris Aceria erinea Orthochaetes insignis Salix fragilis Cecidophyes nudus Betula pendula Chromatomyia syngenesiae Viburnum lantana Aceria tenella Verbascum thapsus Pontania (Pontania) proxima Phyllonorycter messaniella Tilia Galinsoga quadriradiata Eriophyes viburni Ectoedemia heringella Rosa canina Eriophyes tiliae Quercus ilex Stigmella microtheriella Senecio vulgaris Aceria lateannulatus Diplolepis rosae Corylus avellana Phyllonorycter coryli Corylus avellana Contarinia aequalis Carex pendula Cerodontha caricicola Salix Eriophyes avellanae Ulmus Fenusa (Kaliofenusa) ulmi Thymus polytrichus Aculus tetanothrix Aceria thomasi Verbascum lychnitis Amauromyza verbasci Urtica dioica Dasineura urticae Circaea lutetiana Mo@iSpotnaturempha langiella A lot like it hot
“While harvesting chillies I noticed an astonishing number of visitors to the plant” “You know you're spending too much time staring at a bush when your animals use you as a bed!” • 531 insect & spider obs. • 28 iSpotters identified • 209 taxa @iSpotnature What we have learned
Successes Challenges ID from photographs • Fundraising Simple rep. system is powerful • Software rots Social network is fast • Mobile The network is global iSpot is scaleable • Demonstrating learning Tools release ingenuity & can • Useability & KISS be put to unforseen uses • Taxonomy & nomenclature Citizen Science
@iSpotnature 2015
@iSpotnature Thanks • Janice Ansine • Richard Lovelock • Martin Harvey • Tony Rebelo (SANBI) • Doug Clow • Jon Rosewell • Richard Greenwood • Will Woods
[email protected] @iSpotnature