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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FREEDOM OF INF ORMATION/PRIVACY ACTS SECTION
SUBJECT: NATION OF ISLAM 4? 92 __ lm" Y >_ 7 ;_W_;_ I *___'§__i •••• •• 2 3
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ographbeen has prepared 6/1°/69sacTHE mmI0. 55 CULT923 MUSLIMhISLRM Secon 0?a thetioned at mon --requestofour fieldSpecial Agentsoff nvestigatingthe Centralesearc Culth usuals security d andoube addedthis y especiallyprecautions. toAmeri anti library andafforded e t investigate.e we know,thoughw halmost this small,an is s nothinA known entbynow e inyes -~ and violentCult ab itk cer most a in tha icult ever to gso studyand can e Agent,who hasfoun veragatinge, youareCult, requests thiseveryo maeand newly Agentto assigned,do absorbTwocontents thearethis copies furnishedofmonogra being the Baltimore,Boston to areilwaukee,cage,Francisco,furnished beingOleyelatheNewaand Cincinnati,YorkDetroNnaven, Field NewtonIndianapolis,w WashMinneapolis,and Seattleces,, copy to d,Office,San Angeles each copOf Philadelphia, one tFivee toDiego es of Loo other offices.
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Girls CivilizationTraining. .GCT! ...... 24 L d.e0 Thellniversityollslam...... 24 I I OO O OO O I I OI OI OO :6 3.2. NationalO icers....-...... 27Local0iiicers...... '2'l C.D; Fina.ncialProgram...... 29 I I I OO OI IO I I I I O OI O C I I O O -2.l. onuct'otMeetings.. Physicallkscription...... 31 Enrolimentanditducation...... 31 c.General CivilizationClass, AlsoReferred as - 33 to92
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...86. L ifembershi 37 ...S7 BebeI1ious'1 endencies_onventions ...... 58 *1.2. 0ppositiontoFedera1 Instancesoi Violence againstAuthority . Authority Police ...... 88 a. Violationsoi theSelective StatutesService. . . .. b. Disloyaltyand Disrespectior theUnited States I.J. Subvei-siveTendencies_'Potentia.lGovernment...... 4lThreatthe. to .Internal . 8ecuritL ...... 444'! 'X.Bé[iEfsoFthe 'CIIDEOLOGYOFTEEMCI...... 4BB.PIGCQCGBRECHCIes...-...-ea---....51_ on 0 . -. C. Comarison Certain oi ofTenets theOrthodox Religion _ of i amwf¬BTheUnort.BodoxYCl...... 52 EfBeli¬finI11£Fand'¬hePropEets...... 52 . Racial atred Advocacyoi-Violence.AttitudePlacesoivlorship toward ...... 555'1 Prayer...... 58
CharityandFasting...... 59I '1.809. ScienceanduathematicsFowmdnrmlbIOIOOOIIIIIOOOIIOQ62 Cleanliness...... 5l. .. ..-.~...... 84 - O '7
APPENDICES '
AWLICATIONQQIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII REPLYIIIIIIIIIIIIIYIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII PULES OF ISLAM - DEPARTMENT OF SUPREME WISDOM. . .-3? I I I I I I I I I I IV". I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 69
14 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I B9 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I '10 1§__ II I2
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SELECTIONS FROM A PUBLICATION WRITTEN BY PROPHET86 7 wQ DI I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 88 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 89 ._.¢ .-. »..._ _ _'-...... --a..'.a..-_...-r..._..-.. _
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D At therequest the of fieldoffices, thismonograph been has prepared, explainingthe origin,ideology workings andthe ofMuslim Cult 3 of Islam MCI!. ' _ . Inasmucha knowledge as of the orthodox religionof Islam is I
T- considered essentialto anunderstanding med its of most deformed a s '. l I branches,a briefhistory the of Islamicreligion, outline an its of doctrines t : and a verybrief explanationof thedivisions the of Koran have beenincluded 0 92 in thefirst sectionof thismonograph. R The anglicizedforms namesof titlesand havebeen utilized;
however,purposes for information, of first the reference to eachhas been P
followed by the Arabic form. In viewof theextreme fanaticismprevalent throughoutthe MCI,
! and absolutethe of lacka doctrinal core, an attempt has beenmade the in second sectionof thismonograph set forthtogeneral patternsof belief 92 and behavior,compiled throughan over-all study the of varioustemples throughoutUnited the States.Although are there some -basic accepted rules throughoutCult, theappears it many thatthe of localleaders have adopted
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u the privilegeof personal interpretation. ' In thethird section,anattempt been has madeto illustrate the chasm existingbetween orthodox the religionof Islamand unorthodoxthe I. MC The variousenrollment formsand data, considered pertinent ~ by the Cult,have been includedthe in Appendices. 'I'hein thisstudy material whichrelates to the historyofIslam 3 has beenobtained public from sourcesand documentedis such. as Allof 2 w the datarelative the to MCIhas beenobtained confidential from andsources is classi ed as confidential. This monographis intended toserve as an investigativeaid to _ fieldoffice agentsandfacilitate to handling the any of problems which may arise in the conductof suchinvestigations view In theof aberrantideology . and practicesof theMCI, is it necessaryto gointo detailandpresent all 2 9 of theinformation the inBureau's possessionis whichconsidered essential
5 0 to thesuccessful handlingof investigations regarding group this theand developmentinformants of amongits members.
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_ . __.92 _ V;
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
C A. Summgy AA I - This monographincludes a backgroundoi theorthodox religion -: of Islam,and theworkings andorganizational setupoi the Muslim Cultof I Islam. An effort hasbeen madein the last sectionto point out those tenets 2 i ci the orthodox religionthat havebeen adoptedas astructural part ofthe I Cult, and the eccentricalterations made in them. '5. » '92 i B. Conclusio ns 1. The MCI is a fanatic Negro organizationpurporting to be : motivated bythe religiousprinciples oi Islam, but actually dedicated theto propagationof hatred against thewhite i race. The services conducted throu iout the temples are bereft oi any semblanceto religious exercises. i 2. Organizationally, the MCIis a collection oi autonomous A temples boundby a tremulous personal relationshipbetween the headsoi the temples andthe headquartersoi the Cult in Chicago, Illinois. - 8. TheMCI, although an extremelyanti-American organization, is not at the present timeeither large enough or powerful enough toinflict anyserious damageto thiscountry; however, its membersare capableoi committingindividual actsoi violence. = 1 4. The aims andpurposes ofthe MCIare directedat the overthrow of our constitutional government,inasmuch asthe Cultmembers regard it as an instrument oithe whiterace; therefore, it is obvious that this group, as long as it retains the ideas now motivatingit, will remainan investigative problem.to the. FBI. ~
-111- '1 1* F I, . F. Q 92 I F .£* r 1. jun-2RELIGION xsmur or - v -.111 A. BriefHistory _ - I- 4-
» "Read:In the name oi thy Lordwho createth," 1 said the ' u. . . voice,,_ . ,,.Mohammed to Muhammad!,* whocould read. notAnd thus was . - born "TheSlave oi Allah," "TheProphet is1a'm'," oi man unitedwho the the wanderingtribesthe oi Arabiandesertenabled and to thememergeirom the darknessoi primitivism and savagery and build a civilization richin _
scienti cand cultural achievement. wastwenty-fourth the It oi the night 'u 92 monthRamadan" at the whenangelGabriel the broughtiirst revelation ' to MohammedonMount Kira. " *For the restoi Mohammed's liie he continuedhavethese revelations, to which eventuallywere to compiled form the bibleoi Islam, knownas the Koran al-Qur'an!,"The Reading,"-- the Readingthe oimanwho knewnot howto read. 3 Born about5'10A. D. in Mecca, Arabia. _ - "The ninthmonththe oi yearduring which all Moslemsfast.falls It in ' diiierent seasonsbecause the ti lunarcalendar. "'Ain theArabian hill on desert whichMohammed the first receivedoi _ the revelations.
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- - 4 .v U For firstthe threeyearshis oi mi8si0n,M0hammed was - I considereda fanaticbypeople the llecca* ofand Hakka!, ofbecause this_ '0 éi he relegatedhis teachingsto familyhis intimate andLike friends. most-1 ll prophets,waswithout not hesave his honor country. inown At the end ofgs theyear, thirdreceived hecommand to "arisethe warn" andthereafter and Ts e 1 preachedpublic.620 A.in FromD.,1dohammed s at Meccawere Jr affairs ina crisis. By publicstandards,mission considered his was a failure itl untilhe met a group oi menfrom Yathrih laterMedlnl!, called a city hp moretwo than hundredmiles who, away, recognizinghim as the awaited 92- 0 returnedtheirand tocity what told had theyand seen heard.This '3 i Prophet,wasonly thewhich place receptive provedhis teachings andto was it in _Q Yathrlbthe that futureof Islamlay. 3 ~ In Summerthe 622, A.D.toofavoid murdered, being .a Mohammed fledMecca fromthe during andnighthis made to way Yathrib. This the is 2 famous halt! hegiraMecca to from Yathrib,from the hloslem"counts which~ the years.It wasin Yathrib that Hohammedbuilt a theocra c state, and l I from thatYathrihhe ruled a rapidly growing The empire.prophet lonely5 I
was nowthe armed conqueror! » . I The capitaloi Arabia iourteen centuriesago. "The moreiamillll formoi theword Muslim. - 2 - -.1.-__ 0'44» __,_ w J . ' O O
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Mass conversionsarerarely made without bloodshed,and - 0 Islamno was exception. A seriesoisavage con agrations accompanied | therapid spread oi thenew religionoverthe sands oi Arabia.Perhaps ' . the mostsigni cant these oi occurred battles three between hundredof r Mohammed'sandthousand one menat a lieccansplace called TheBadr. victoryMohammed's of forceinterpreted was interiora divinesanction as of thenew faith. Previous this battle,Islamto wasa religion with a state; .s - after itthis became astate. But the tidesoi warwere always sonot »> favorableMohammed. to thanyear More a later,amid beating the oi I timbrels, Mohammed sarmycut wasribbons to the onplainsoi Ohodby hostile andtribes, savedonly complete irom annihilationby theexhaustion -- oi theenemy. 629 InD. , A. after pilgrimage a Idohammed whichsent had to Meccareturned unharmed,he decidedto venture there himself. Bis o~ pilgrimagemade was incidentwithout he won andvaluable in converts the cityMecca, oi whom amongsome were had who previously fought against him. In 630D.,he A. marcheda.ga.in8twhich ldecca,without fellstruggle. a I Paganhad Arabia converted,been the missionariesandoi Islamwere tree| to carrythe Prophet s wordthe to Eastern Empire, and Persia Ethiopia.4 Withinhundred a after years Idoha.mmed s death,1 .1 882 inD. A. , not merelyArabia, Syria, but Persia,Egypt, NorthernAiricaSpain and - 3 -
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u. had beenconquered Mohammed's by called successors, caliphs.Until _ ;;- thellth century, when the Moslemworld was split by the rised theTurks, ., this culturewas matched only the by Byzantinecivilization.5
>. B. fI hePrinciples Islam_. g,,.~ of ;~',. Bet iorthbelow thearemain principles oi theorthodox religion1" 0 - oi Islam,as taught bythe Koran, and strictly as adheredto bypast and - --v..| 4 ;. present followersoi Mohammed: 1. Articles___{_._ - - , of nun :- - - = t $ ProfessionFaith _ of1 3.. 1 ._._i 2 "Thereno is godbut Allah.Mohammed the Messengeris of 14. -t A Allah.It "* issimply bearing by witnessto thetruth these of 1' two propositionsthata man enters fold theIslam. of5 ' ; b. Belief in theUnity oiGod ; 4.1; . Accordingthe toteachings ot theKoran, is God onein His ~ Person, AttributesHis His and Works. Oneness person in T3 -1!
means thereis butone Godheadin whichthereneither is' '5- V pluralitypersons oi gods. nor Onenessin attributesimplies -1 that the Divine attributesin perfection are possessed by no The Koran "i ~--Q--'' -..<__,-.1.._,__, ____ '~ .. ._ ~...-»_..»....._....-__
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other being. Onenessworks in meansthat no being is_ ;-. ' T- capableperforming of works the whichGod hasdone, or which Godmay do.7
C Belief in the Prophets ¢
Mohammed' consideredhimself" t last the the of prophetsand it is,'therefore,incumbenton alllloslems believe to the in l ra- prophetsother of nations.3 "Bay,0 people! I am the Apostle¢ . 92 1 of Allahto youall, ofHim whoseis thekingdom the- of heavens andearth. "* I d. Belief inthe Attributesof God 1. His knowledge 2. His power andcontrol
8. His love and mercy 1 4. His punishment9 _ Ii"1 l t I The highestideal man s. canplace beforehim isa belief in s §" a godwho possessesthe perfectattributes, without for such iA an idealman loseshis earnestnessand noble aspiration. . ;,
..,.er 1 . The Koran > -5- . _ 4;
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Qt: '1 :6. 6. peliei in DivineRevelation ll Accordingto thereligion Islam, oi there are three forms|.l_- 'I! oi divine revelation: 1. Theinspiringot idea an intothe heart I 2._ Revelationwhile a in trance or dream
8. Revelationin which the angelbrings divinethe U messagewords. in 1° rQ' Beliefin the Angels - I v i.
Angelsclosely are connectedwith the lite manof fromhis 1 'is> birthhis to deathand duringhis progress in eitherParadise ,- Y or Hell.They asact intermediaries, and because oi their 0 1 servile positionstheyconsidered are to men. inferior11 = 92 4 Belief ain Final Judgment Life and after Death i g.
Therebe will daya d reckoning when man sdeeds will be 1 1. weighedthe before EternalJudge, heaven whenearth will and I
melt awayand only God's will nearnessbeapparent. S0.3: death, accordingto theKoran, not the is endlife oi but merelydoor theto a higher form existence. of 12
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1 c. _FundamentalReligious Duties ~ The iundamental duties, religiousor practices, recognized .5- by Islamare iive: _ ' K i 1. frhe proiessionoi faith,which previously was andde ned, 1
lvhich includesthefollowing declarations: -1 Q a. Wewill not worship anybut theme God_ ' 7'
b. We will not steal . » ': 1 =15 c. We will not commit adultery 2" d. Nor kill our children ,: . e. We will not slanderin anywise 1. i. Norwill wedisobey Prophet the anything in 1." that right13 mi
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2. Prayer J 4 Prayerconsidered is means ti the the realisationof theDivine 1 in man. It issaid beto aninstrument dispelling ior difieren all ces, 3 92 racial, culturaland economic, between men, all anda force
sufficiently tocohesive achievea oneness of allhumanity. 14,1 3. Chad}: lakntz s This encompassesallacts oi benevolence and doing good to humanitygeneral. in Accordingto Islam,God givenhas man to O not onlyhis wealthbut also his faculties,and theseshould be A _ 7 _
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shared to the benefitofall. Actually, the provisionior charity 92r' demands givingthe upoi asmall portion ofa man's wealth but does notinterfere withhis rightto property. 15 3:51? 4. 13921.8. e - "80 theyshould answerMycall by tasting! andbelieve lde,in I231 sothat they may iindthe way to Me!."* Fasting,according 1 ;;;,. to Islamicprinciple, primarilyis a spiritual discipline. hasIt ~.. as itsmain purposespiritual puri cationand entailsfasting _ t big;1 0 from foodand drinkfrom dawnuntil stmsetduring theentire month ofRamadan. 15 '4 hi 5. Pilgrimage ham . "And pilgrimageto theHouse incumbent is menupon for the sake of Allah,upon every one who isable toundertake journeythe .12 to it.""In the world oi Islamthe pilgrimageis considered one of 1<' -2= the majorin uences destroying in barriersod race, color and nationality, itior is on thepilgrimage thatmenspeak one language, wear onedress and aretaught to live, actand feel in one way.17 * TheKoran ' I i A '* lbid. : v 31¢-0 ti .,. _'|x 1 f :;r =4;
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D. The KoranIn thelast yearsoi his1iie,Mohammed his scriptures dictated to disciples.his messages Hispartly were onwritten parchment, paper, palmor leaves bone,and committed partly memory. fragments to The were eventuallycollectedrearranged andthe Koran.18 into _ TheKoran divided is114 into chapters,each which oicalled is a sura surah!. suras Thedivided are two into categories: 1. TheMeccan number suras,which ninety-two,andwhich were revealedMohammed to . his thirteen duringyears residencein Mecca.suras Thesegive guidance to theindividual and soul groundadherents the the faith.into19 2. TheMedina which suras,twenty-two, number which were and revealedldohammed to his ten-year duringstaylledin » in These surasgive guidance toa growing social political and community and translatemm intoaction. 3° The revelationsto'Moharnmed,while wasin a state xi trance, he compriseSacredand thenever coniusedBook are with which those occurred duringtimes thethere when no were physicalchanges in him.apparentThe latterknown arethe asHadith,or sunnah,oi Prophet.the 31 - 9 -
E Q : 1 , ~ A A ¢.__,,_ .._- .....¢.¢-... .1 , t d-9 a.!r 92 "ll t F *_;i 1 . 1 II. MUSLIMOF CULT ISLAM u.;.._' - :*f-_' *0 ° -1 j» A. _Backg5oundand Origné . 3 g Duringimmediately and the followingWorld firstWar, the Negroes ' i5*i'Zi inSouthern the became attractedStates extremelythe industrialnorthern to i-|,_,
t cities,such Detroit, as and Pittsburgh Chicago.They implicitlybelieved 5% .1 ... 5 .l i~ that the North,unlikethe South, presented rare opportunities to improve _;t" ,,=- ~ f illiteracy_ the economicamongandthese people standards culturaland large the numbers Negro. theAs of them resultwho ofa immigratedthe ofprevalent, ' to theNorth, possibilitiesfor employmentdiminished. depression in The the greatlylate 1920'slivingcompletely their Duringstandards.the these years, dispelledofresttheir hopesland many reduced and militant cultist;Q , groupsarose which reflected intense thisforracial improvementdesire . ; andrecognition, whichthe based andunenviablepositiond the Negro on the treatmentgainedafforded anti-Caucasianby momentum,white the him becameAs people. c eachthese movementspronounced morefeelingsS _ _._ until
4| I the :_pitchof unadulteratedracialhatred was attained. = ta 1. lrheMarcusDuring 1914, in Movement Jamaica, GarveyWest British _~_' Marcusindies, .-=2
.- L Garvey,a WestIndian was Negro, imbuedwith desire the collect to2,O ; hispeople the from cornersfour theearth and oi return to them i"- - =, = 10 - vi_ .
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-h. " African wheresoilthe Negro couldhavea government and ' . countryhis of own and establishhimself the in eyesof theworld as anAfrican national.Garvey's in the Britishsuccess West A tions I.- Indies moderate,was moderateness but not satisfy didhis ambi ... so onMarch 1916., -_23',came hethe to _l_InitedStateswhere he ..;,__ u v established himselfin theHarlem sectionof NewYork City. Garvey,was who referred toas the "Black Moses,"described himselfthe"Messiah as the Blackof People"throughout world thei andmade many inflammatory attackson thewhite raceand the ! ,H: HI treatment ita orded theNegro. I In July1918, Garveypublished a constitution and bylaws, and onOctober 1921,23, hisorganization incorporated was in the Stateof New York under the name UniversalNegro Improvement
& Association.this In country membership centeredin NewYork, Detroit, Cleveland,Pittsburgh, Philadelphia,New Orleans,Norfolk, s Tampa, §avannah,andIndianapolis. 0 In l920,Garveydispatched a delegation <1 Negroes to Liberia 9 ..~ to procurelands and other facilitiesfor the purpose resettling of 5 .2- . 1.- ;..v ~ i- v the AmericanNegroes; howeyer,the delegation was rejectedby =;:;v :'= qi the Liberian Government. - 11 - z 2 :0."- 5,1,7 . q ,...
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. I -1 I Garvey'sthough decline, broughtabout by the activities. 1! of competitors,actually began with his arrestfor sellingstock 0 in violationof statelaws. Afterserving twoyears ofhis sentence,. 1. uiv Garvey wasdeported Jamaica. to 33 Although Garveydiedin London in 1940, his ideasdid not
. die with him..Under direction the a president of general, WilliamL. 1. % Sherill, in Detroit,Michigan, Universal theImprovement Negro-4 T1| .1 _ Association is presentlyactive together and, the with African _ I 2 Communities Ileague, sponsorsa publication, entitled "Garvey's333% V,2% . Voice,which " keepsalive thepreachings Marcus of Garvey- "One .1..Li. Kt . v ii M
God--One Alm -One Destiny." ."; .-._, 2. The Moorish ScienceTemple ofAmerica - l $3 During Garvey'simprisonment, appeared there Chicago's on street cornersand vacantlots aNegro wearinga aming red fen. ta! This wasTimothy Drewi who called himself NobleDrew Ali,and sii? who broughtto the Negro theinformation hethat was not a Negro 5'.- t but aMoor. Actsix ofhis DivineConstitution By-Laws and reads: "
.0 *Bornin North Carolina 1886;in died1929 > . :'' - 12 -" .1: i
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With all usmembers must declaretheir nation- thatalitythey are andtheir a part DivineandCreed that partial theysic!d this mayknow ~ saidgovernment and that theyare notNegroes, becauseColored names Folks, Blackthesewere given People, or to Ethiopians, slaves, by slave-holders,1119 in lastedand 1865until duringera timenow,oitime the slavery,oiall men andmust this but a is proclaim newtheir treegovernment nationalnamewhichthey belive into recognized andby nationsthe the oi theearth, isthis thereason Allah why the Great Ali,God theprophet, oi theuniverseredeem to people iromordainedNoble his their Drew siniuldescendants ways.Thethe Moorishancient oihioabitesAmericans inhabitedthe who are the NorthWestern South Western and shores oi Airica. 33 _ , _
Noble Ali'sDrew star. Moorish92 _ crescentand . not did immediatelymany drawhis to side,but wasit not toolong before the wearersoi thefez, tinaiiy convinced their elevationotto eminence,looking wereon down their interior antagonists, white and hopeiuliyadheringthe promisestoof NobleDrew who Ali oiieredpride atthem race digiity.and Uponthe eceir p t oi reports udiceshis ot followers were beingexpressed indicatingthrough thatthe,the prejviolence prophetissned instructions, strict did "We not cometo causecontusion; work toour is npliit the nation" _ -13- -
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.!_.1" Asin the case Marcusof Garvey, competition soon arose, Theorganization split into twowarring sections. On lllarch15, 1929, the leaderoi the opposing factionwas stabbed to death, for which J27 ; 1 I "_??'' I crime NobleDrew wasAli imprisoned.Released bond, on diedAli T!j"L ". -_ nfz. 0 soonaiter under very mysteriouscircumstances. =1"; ' . 0 6 After theseevents, group the wasunsuccessfully together held 0 as nationala organization.However, the like Garvey Movement, it hasnever really reached oblivion.llany came forward throughthe .. Z7? years, claimingto bethe prophet,Noble Ali,Drew reincarnated,
and throughtheir e ortsmany branchesot theMoorish Science, si_92=.¥z 5 TempleAmerica of wereorganized are and active today. -W5-32 There havebeen severalintimations thethat Nation oi Islam, forthset below,was outgrowthan d theMoorish Science TempleAmerica, of was and begun because dissension of the within'2? ii, 5--1 temple; however,this {actordoes appearnot in any of therelated i historiesthe oi cult.
The Nation oi Islam v Q 3 In 1930there appearedon thestreets Detroit oi peddler a E »- 92 who, likethe Arabor Syrian peddlers, irom went house to house, Is - 14 .. 91 I92
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i . ,._ a viii. 1':' 1 .',»g'. carrying his wares. heAs contactedhis fellow Negroes the in _ .-2 --'=- .]".'§.; PF: Elmwood districtof Detroit, he convincedthemof his ministerial =0 4 .3. 2-: abilities, soonand housemeetings being were heldunder the ii- J. guidanceof thepeddler, knownvariously W. as D.Fard, Prophet_0§_I W. D.Fard, ProphetW. D.Fard Muk-Mud,W. D.F-oard, M1 . I91 Wa1iFarrad, ProfessorFord, Mr.Farrad Mohammad,Mr. F. Mohammedand Ali, theto Bureauas Wallace Don Fard,FBI #56062.Pu
An individualwho claimsto have heard first hisaddresses states .| 51+ that Fardhimself said: - l My nameis W. D. Fardand come l fromthe Holy Cityof Mecca. More aboutmyself I will not tell youyet, forthe timehas notcome. I am V your brother.You havenot yetseen me in my I royal robes. e -ii :' Fard first atutilized the Bible,inasmuch as most of his listeners werefamiliar withits teachings, but, as his following "MP '92*§i@j increased,became he and more moreinflammatory his remarks in if againstwhites the denounced and Biblein shocking the terms. TheG 31 elementof fanatical racial hatredbecame pronouncedmore than,1 it hadbeen in similar organizations it wasevident and Fard that in was actuallycementing factor into this the foundationof his
organisation. - 15 - ! Tl». 'il a !~f.5§2 -Z jf ii =11: ; :11.1 __i_ _..._._..._-._...-, ______.,__.___ __,_ i_-e..-l._ __
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..'i_. - 4 ..|.'- .-~.. . ,a Very littleof Far-d s background was ever authentically:'.|!__ exposed,his impressionistic butadherents, overawedthe by .,'~-- ' iii; v L. mysteriousbegan aura,come to forwardwith controversial .1 ! . ii i information regardinghis background. Some assertedthat hewas =,'=a r-V Jk 9;--g-A
bornin Mecca, the sonof wealthy parents the of tribe of Koreish Q,-1 1-#1?!$5- Qureysh!which from Mohammed had come;that washe closelyr..+. !.=?'!:' relatedblood by the to dynastyof theHashimite sherifsof Mecca '92 who becamekings of the Hejaz;that he was educatedata college '5 1',i. iiii go. ~52 i in Englandin preparation fora diplomatic career, that but he r.| ~.|1 -' J3. abandoned everythingtobring "ireedom, justice equality,and " gins . to "hisuncle livingin thewilderness North America of surrounded ill-I" ' and completely robbedby thecave man."*
It appearsthat the surroundingof mysteryair affected I 1 _ Qr. I,92 . 1- ardmuch as it as did his followers,for, when asked hewho was £41:-5. 4 = by theDetroit PoliceDepartment, answered, he am "I theSupreme 4 i it1:. 92 lg !.~ Ruler of the Universe." 1!~iii ' it, symbolically The "blackmenthe the in cultritual inwilderness "theasof North uncle"America" of Mr.W. referred D.Fard.are Muslims to oi theEast--Syrians, and Turks others--are referred as to the "second uncle" oiMr. W. D. Fard. 1:- -1 - 92 1
- {J F - 2 - I .'l .._ _ . - . ...._._.,* §> 92 924 1- ~_ .|> Q w 'nY ;92 . O 1§;
u >-
h Graduallythere began to seepinto the at his followersdo :1- the ideathat Fardwas morethan a man. As timepassed, the in .t'{_. I idea reached the level of veneration. .92. -. The followingquotation re ectsthis venerationin the past
§ and presentbeliefs thisof organization,now calledthe Muslim :'*a .-I,I J I *0 -er Cult of Islam, or the Allah Temple ofIslam. cyi; We aredetermined asour BaviorAllah's Apostles 1.| 1!-6:.'. to makeknown toour oppressed,robbed, degenerated, Q and rejectedpeople theglad news of the presence 02 W 92 of ourlong awaitedDeliverer whowas tocome and Q; has come.Whom we have seen andspoken tohim face . 92 ls 1' to face. Who ishe then? The greatJehovah Master v W. J. lllohammed whowould comein thelast daysand , {-ls search theearth for the lost brother of Asia, who had fallenamong strangersand wasrobbed ofall we originally possessed. Praisebe toour Bavior and KingMaster I- ardMohammed, theAlmighty who have thekeys ofsalvation toloose usout ofthis ii; ~ wicked devil civilization. Q i When thenumber offollowers increasedto thepoint where ii". i private homeswere no longer largeenough accommodate to the 1 g-owing congregation,a temple service wasbegun. This first temple, originatedby Fard in Detroit,is atthe presenttime known 59;} as TempleNo. 1 of the MuslimCult ofIslam. ,- Fiji ; 17 - Hi
92'|I4 0: I ll-. J6 - O .1,
4. i ti.-| - '- s» r To illustratehis new teachings, used Fard physicalthe ' ,4 92 1 - and economicdiiiiculties the oi Negroes. Biblical prophecies,i_ - andthe teachings of Marcus Garvey Noble Drew and Aliwere l citedioretelling as the coming of thenew prophet.Manythe oi : t. -5 i " :'f:!. peopleilliterate wereit became andnecessary organize to classes4 |"*a' in Englishin orderthat mighttheybe able to read"the proofsEta. W ; about themselves." Ferdexplained the peopletothat publicationsthe l ' !:";_f 1 -H1. whichrecommended he readwere symbolic they and couldbe t_t: I' 1;? _;; understoodthrough onlyown his interpretation. lie compileda ll§;='_' ".- seriesquestions oi answers and supposedly which his explaint ii-== % @§i.i§'. teachingsa mathematical in and scientiiicway. introducedHe .3 ' tthe":- . Q Koranthe asmost authoritative of all texts thefor studyed thenew F11. . faith; however,he usedonly Arabic the which texttranslated he 92a§- a~ '1.- and explainedto hisbelievers. people Hiswere completely sell -f _. t92t-01 .-J}-i5 dependent his uponinterpretations. 7'_§l|!;. .. ;_-0-was The potentialdangerousness the primitive andinstincts oiit- 4 *
somethe ofmembers oi this organizationwere iorciblybrought lea:til}- _1;¬~5:. 9 _ . ._. to theattention the ofpeopleoi Detroiton November 21, 1982,when ,. the newspaperscarriedbloodcurdling a oi human storysacriiice. L ; A prominentmember the ofCult,one RobertHarris, somehow .--':; - 13 - ~ ..;.§
. 92'1 - ~ __...__,...a...,. '.. ___ :.;_-__:-w_.~ ,->.~>1e<;-»
.. _. -_ -»
-,lis-. his roomer,JohnSmith, J. present himself to as a human s '32 mducedsacrificethatmight sohe become"The Saviourof theWorld. -::~'" At app0intedthe of thesacrifice, hour plunged -Harrisa knifein :3-5:.:,' 8mlth'sashe lay waiting heartthe on improvised altar. After 51- . !iarris sit arrest becameknown two that socialworkers were1 slatedas the next victims. . ;.s-
Anotherincident such the involvedarreston January 20,1981, T- 1; ':°, l of thebrother an ofofficialof theCult he preparedas for the i SL1 e ceremonialand slaying cookingof hiswife daughterand cleanse toI Il I him from all sin. 1 In Mayof 1933, Fard orderedwas leave Detroit to by the local authorities;however,departure his tobring the failed activities of theCult a conclusion.to Ready, willinaandableassume to leadershipthe Nation ofof Islamwas GulanBogans, variously known as ElijahPoole, Bogaus Gulamldohammed Rassouli, and whoxwas to becomeElijah llohammed,the presentleader the of Muslim
Cult of Islam. Gulan Boganswas horn"sum Poole"en October '1, mew, near Bandersvllle,Georgia,of theduethirteen childrenof Wall _ - 19 -
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. 3
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92 5 ~.. Ti O l . > 92 i iL
and MariePoole, whoseparents been had slavesofa white family _ .i. ,1 92 1 with the samesurname. finished He grades four in schooland 92
C left homeat theage sixteenof years.In 1923 he tookhiswife, ~ the formerClara Evans, and theirtwo childrento Detroit, Michigan, E wherewas he employedin several manufacturing until plants the 0 beginningthe ofdepression in 1929. During these leanyears, Bogans
i~' met W.D. Fard,who acquaintedhim withthe tenetsof the Cult, l and who,according Bogans, to personallytook him "outoi the |!_i E H , 1.. ? gutterthe streets in of Detroitand taughthimin three and one-half .|.~ 0 1. E yearsknowledge the oi Islam. When leftFard Detroit, he designated ~1- Bogans,was who nowcalled ElijahMohammed, as the leader d the
1 MuslimsNorth in America.Throughout Cult the membership, the i 1 92 disappearanceI- ardresultant andof inchange leadershipare explained as follows:Fard, realityin Allah himself, left Detroitto travel to i Mecca,left and theCult in the capable ofhands hisapostle, Elijah § M: Mohammed. - - Ji- H: 92 Elihah MohammedtaughtDetroit in untilSeptember 1984, .fa-1' when,v becauseoflocal pressure, he decidedto removeto Chicago where he established TempleNo. 2,the headquartersof theMCI. x - 39 - I - !v§492q!hQ 92 W ,§_'92192
.-¢.
--. ~ >-
..r _ 5 ,... , ln 1942,ElijahMohammedstated that the mainpurpose the oi F I0 t g MCI"to is cleanup thedark peoplephysically spiritually andthey so will 0~... i . be respectedby theother civilizedpeoplethe earth. oi In their present 2 -
0 conditionare they notand cannotbe honored and respectedby intelligent i. U: - i...,'|' people.desires Islameliminate to prostitution,gamblingdrinking and among .'-{.5 . ,:'._{ the darkpeople theyso canbe respected. " , Membershipin the Cult isrestricted exclusivelyto Negroes; qgli however,is known it that at least one member oi the Caucasianrace is . 1| 115. I associatedthe withCultas instructor in Arabic. Although individual this isa whiteman, becauseoi hisPalestinian henationality wouldbe considered M » I by members oi the MCIasa "brother." As asfar theirservices concerned, areH uh lA1 .. no "whitedevil" allowed is enter the to tanrplse,statements and been haveH i g .' :=PE-=92= ,1__ madeby local Cult leaderswhich indicatethat violencewould be considered I i »'*;=i a necessarymeasure insuretosecurity. Q . 92 L .- B. Or5a_3_92izationof MCI I q The headquartersthe Cult is,oi as previously noted, locatedin .};,2t!¢ Chicago, ltIllinois. isknown Temple as 2, No.andis under the personal directionthe oi national leader, Prophet, or ElijahMohammed. - 31 -
iiiiiéi- F $5
.._., i :~-:1 9112-51111 ~ '< : 5;:'.. "1-,2 '§"=. 3 - -<1.-.92 .-"' __I .|92I 1 92 _~ |..~. '
1. TempleOr5a_.§__ii§ation K aw .;! .;' The isMCIparticularly active in thefollowing cities:jl. 5 Chicago,Detroit, Illinois; Michigan;Baltimore, Maryland; I » Philadelphia,New Pennsylvania; NewYork, Washintlon,York; 5-.-.__ .. n 1 : ' D. C.;Boston, Massachusetts;AtlanticNew City, Jersey; ..5. ,1 .i,.§| lit. , Youngstown,Indianapolis, Ohio;Cincinnati, Indiana; Ohio; -... San Diego,California; Milwaukee, and Each Wisconsin. Cult
templeasrule, is,a dividedintoiollowing the organizationalE
breakdown: 0 . .1.M? I a. Fruit Oi IslamQFOQ . -; ....17.;gt ; l 2. 1'." Thisthe is militarysection the of MCI. Each {s1. i Z i' Eé2.92' templea section hasoi the FOI withinit whichis M 14. xiii composedoi themale only members.Each sectionis I '1 .4:.;, ' - ., undertrusted thecare oi a captain who is, reportedly,'Q 4 -I.. Z ligq ,~ directly responsibleto ElijahMohammed. These-.- Iz-_. 1 =§,i92- .-i - sections are furtherdivided squads into are which a .92-' headedtrusted by membersoi thetemple thetitle with oi lieutenant.Each individual within squad the is - '1',8 -0 answerablehis lieutenant towho turn is in responsible- -
to the captain. - 33 -
¢ 92 < .- 8 , 0 .
. we
'-Pl» At leastone nighta weekis devotedmilitary to _ trainingwhich includes Judo, usethe knivesof and ti-F!
blackjacks,military drillsand such marchingas in 1. .¢ I . regular columns. _ T1. Secondary dutiesof theF01, accordingto information '2l received,the are handling of disciplinary matters within the temple,supervising "trials,"guarding Prophet the or localminister well asas the selectionand trainingof those memberswho chosenare act to astemple guards, and insuringthe security ofthe temple against invasionany by "spies"of the"devil." connectionIn with the War of Armageddon,the Cult looks onthis section as an y extremely importantfactorin the eventual emergenceof
Asiatic world dominance. Muslim Girls Training MGT! This sectionis composed ofthe female members of the Templewho aretrained the in dutiesofthe Muslim inll woman, especiallyin regard to homernaking, cooking, 1 sewing,their dutiesand and obligationsto theirhusbands | and families.' ' =1-iii
- 33 - .1
I |
"Q @-
1 4 General Class CivilizationAlsoReferred as cu-is' to 1 l
l v ization - _ This sectionis alsocomposed the iemale membersoi 2» oi theCult usuallybut younger themembers who are taughtdoctrines the theories andIslam. oi irhe Universityoi Islam_ This sectionis dedicatedto theiurtherance the oi knowledgeIslam among members oi oi the Cult, has and branchesthe oi University its locationin Chicago. Although are foundin theorganizational oi severaltemples, setup asa general rule educationthe temple oi membersis _ handled independentlyby theminister; his assistants,or or individualsdesignated perform to duties. such In thisconnection shouldnoted it bein1984 it that camethe to attention oi theDetroit ti Board Education that childrenoi certainNegro iamilies were being withdrawnthe from publicschools. investigation An whichinstituted was the byBoardre ected thatthe families wereinvolved membersoi thisCult that and the children trommissingschools the attending were the - 24 - s _,,W_._~*____,,_W_e. ;g:$é_.__'_, r t w .
5 '1
l University at Islam,a school which had been established 5. | I~a ; . I bythe Cult. An immediateexamination the oischool ll -.-" _ .-__._' , _>;| was madeand itrevealed thatthe "curriculum,the 0. I - i I teaching staff,andthe equipment were entirely inadequate s F to atfordeven the most rudimentary educationfor the malt-=1 colored childrenwhowere attending. Not onlywas the git -':ei1 school inadequate,but thesubject matterwhich was L§i§i§_%i' taught appearedto bect a iantastic nature quiteoutside Q, the realities oi lite." Attempts which weremade to *1 7+% :'t? En = ?'i*ii , ,,_ 'l "{;i.':'_ close theschools theby enforcementoi theschool . ii i§'.: ,' 92 W 0 attendance resultedlaws strengtheningin the resistance i Li'- 1 of theCult,causingit andthe school to operatein secrecy. ii i I . A tinal decisionthe of Boardresolved retrain to irom i rigid eniorcementti the attendance laws and to assist § "in adjustingthe underlyingeconomic social and problems d other Negro families theoi sameclass order in that ~ 1. the movementmay notspread; andto ignore temporarily the irritating'bumptiousness' particular group." oi lab.. In 1954 information wasreceived indicatingthat in -W ': . g"||;.1}11 F- .'f .51 '-i the University oi Islamvarious subjectsare taught ranging - 25 -
:l f fl.-~: Z, ~r 2:211? ='r1 ~ -L.._.»_..s=a.._.__. ..,~I _ I 7'
-.._,____..____----1_
fromelementary grade school subjectsto allegedly "advancedfor subiects" adultmembers. the During day,childrenat theCult membersare expectedto attend -it this schoolinsteadthe oi"devil's schools"such and subjectsreading, as arithmetic, spelling,and Arabic » Islamic historyare taught.There apparently is no 92f§.'l._--4 .04 i standardadvancement of divisiond grades or in the in.- .->¢ _, 1:t " Ii school and.£romobserva onmthose in haveit teachingan little orno educationalbackground. v Public Institutions I -'__ 'j_g-p- i1"ij-Onethe ct numerousexplanations by theo ered Cultthe for originat theAmerican is Negroesthatthey are membersoi theLost Tribeoi Shabazz, andis it __ -.4qt irom ideathis they that obtainedhave name thethe tor 1.-1:225:92 .,. 1 * -I,I. 0s "_ '. various businessenterprises, as grocery suchstores, .. _ A restaurants, tarms,laundriesjand operatedby several n. ,
'"H; :;92" templesthe atCult.Some these at institutionscarry tl 4 .|-If , >
the wordShabazz their innamesandjvere toorganized0-. XI enable membersat theCult secure to fromtreedom theI
-26-
! 0 0
n t a - 4 controlthe of "devil." Members urged patronizeare to 1 these institutions,the profitsof which, it is stated, go towardthe maintenanceof theentire organization. Thisnot isa condition prevalent throughoutthe entire organizationbutfound is only ina few temples. ii!-;. National Officers ______.--- BesidesProphet, the are there threerecognized nationalzi -#2: officers:a medical director,a personal secretary the Prophet to .-. g. 1 andhead thethe of inF01 theUnited TheStates. officialsother -t
i. of theCult assignedare the remainingto eleven temples.92. 9} a Local OfficersThe positionsheldthese by varyofficers accordingto the sizeeach of individualtemple; however, the followinglisting ' -.0 compliesor more lesswith generalthe pattern: i-=!';;
£5 . HeadMinister andAssistants These areofficers supposedlyselected Elijah by Mohammed, andresponsible are the functioning ford the temple. number The of assistantsdependsthe size onof thetemple its and needs.
-21- General Secregé The secretariesare reportedly selected Elijah Mohammad by and handledutieskeeping with in secretarial functions.If ionmd tobe other than righteous,they subjectare removal to Elijah by Mohammedthe or HeadMinister.
'I reasurer '1'heis usuallypresent treasurer at each meeting handles and all oithe collectionsor contributions. it ishis responsibility to seethat amountsthe receivedare handledin accordance with the regulationsset forth by theofficials Islam.oi
Head investigatorand Assistants These individualsinvestigate matters suchare as assigned to themby the otiiciais, are and responsible for reporting their findingstheir superiors. to The numberoi assistants depends on theneeds oi the temple. Captain FOI! Assistant Captain F01! First Lieutenant FOI! Second Lieutenant F01! _-._-a.-:--._92_§______> V _ . Islll 92_../
_*$=;2 The captainand officers oi theF01 directlyare responsibleha. -_, Hr for theetiicient trainingoi themembers this oi section in £11-J12 -L Oi".; various military maneuvers. _ ,.. .3 ET:-ii =1 -651 =22 Captain MGTIt GCT! Z5 First Lieutenant MQT I:GCT! Q5 !I ..! '5 ll -'=2,, '.'- 5 The womenwho head the lluslim Girls Trainingand eiliiii Girls Civilization Trainingare responsible for training 1§!'i*"" > 1;--_ ' I the iemalemembers the of Cult in domestic duties, and ." '1'5. a utrszn 5 , I ' I educating themthey so willbe ableto assume intelligently H l -.< their responsibilitiesafter thecivilization the oi whiteman 1!, | .-,0 -- . has beenobliterated. '
J -, C. Financial Progam _ Inez. t ..,ca - From informationthe available,it appearsthat themain source U?»mg- t ; 0 teat. » d fundsutilized the in maintenance oi theProphet, iamily, his ministers A '52. " mdrental operating and expensestortemple properties, stems irom the - ,92,._. ¥ voluntary contributionsof themembers; however,in viewoi the amounts , I-Tr;
! 1. involved,members severalexpressed have suspicions theirthe existenceof 7 -W» .;.:92 e on at someunexplained oisource funds. .; I . ::! In 1942,aletter wasiound the in headquartersoi theCult, whichz 1 El II-8 addressedto theMuslims Elijah by hlohammedandwhich in acknowledged he 1'2 .. 39 - p 3 ! ;t v;'1 »:{.
.rf
I ..__,3: 7_, .; i
' - :1 .. .--.._ .-_.-__~,i~.....-~...-r»--... ~ ~ -V-~
Il .,0 Q! .. 92 x ! . . . 1
C the receiptoia sumat money.A postscript written by handon theside '
oi theletter stated:"It makes the hypocrites all angrywhen hearthey oi' 1 m youcontributing me, let's soto them make plentymade so theymadwill » learnwho we are. " » I
0 ' In l952,themembers one oi temple were requestedto contribute '92 QI one thirdof their salaries. - gt.- 3 0
Y u92 In 1953,iniormationwas received that another temple askingwas
I ior donationsoi $210per personto helpestablish a fund oi $200,000 ator E ti cooperativeto be storebuilt Chicago.in Becauseoi theextreme pressure_
putmembers, on their and inabilityto paythis amount,manyod them dropped 1
Q membership. K 2 In a numberoi temples,donation bookletsare issuedin which Q.
'_:". membersrequested are designate to purposes the which $0 theircontributionss -1.. I. Js. arebe to directed,i. e., Treasury, Poor Fund,llinister, Universityct 2 . 2 2 Islam, Prophet'sHome, Secretary,Special Donations,Prophet's :1 . Fund!and 1.1 - Minister's Fund. It hasbeen indicatedthat anothersource income oi originated5! trom proiitsthe the oi variousbusiness enterprisescontrolledthe Cult, by .. Inchthe as previouslymentioned restaurants,Iaundries,grocery and stores.9292 t - 80 - ~
I
'0 a . 92 i s4-if_ ~ Q .1353'. § A -p F - ~ m August 1954, Elijah Mohammed addresseda congregation, at- : which time indicatedhe the that realestate holdingsoi theCult thein Chicago 2 area totaled approximately$153, 500. . ' ' :. 1 Q iv-3_4_<=;:=.!_1"_££*_ .l § i The regular meetingsof theMCI areconsidered meetingsopen _ ; at which visitorsare welcome. The meetings oi theF01 closed, .are§. and I ¥ only membershave obtained who their "X" * names are allowedattend. to i,- § _ _ _7'e g Thisrule isalso applied to meetingsoi- theM?! andn GCT. air An strictoi " ' i L. '§§f_secrecypervades oi themeetings, all strict and arerules existence in 221- - i which forbidthe discussionof theproceedings eachthe ofoi meetings between :71" ; members of the diiferent sections. 1. Conduct oi Meeting .
-...,. The followingdescription cannot,of course, beaccepted T:-2:.l| .iz I P e as establishedprocedure every in templein theUnited States j '1 r because, like everyaspect this d organization, there is no F. r E . regulated pattern; acceptinghowever,existing certain variations .v,|' n in deportment,it doesre ect a generalpicture ,' the ~92 usual oiprocedure. I i = Their"Slave names," _orgiven names,aretaken away atthe time oi '- enrollmentin theCult andsubstituted the by surnamewith "X. " - 31 - '44
s ¢~
92'i v. Q ii ~ .-,.-».-_. "$1,, § .. .t....._.. .
-.-. - " E " s. C} Q § § Any personentering the Temple, members, including is Q 3 immediatelyif theperson searched. a. ma1e,he isis searched-» andadvised that no sharp instruments,suchtiles asknives, or F- guns, cigarettes,boxes,chewing papers, or alcohol gumare *3 allowedthe temple.init theperson a £emale,she is istaken ,. . :- intoa separate ro0m,where is searched byshe womenthe for weaponsanyand kind oi relieved oi possessionssuch lipstick as 1 and cosmetics.other oi theproperty All irom con scated members and visitorsis returnedat theconclusion the meeting. oiA ';= ~12 '::;.¢ visitor, immediatelyaitersearch, the escorted is guard under_ 1.-i:.. to thevisitors! usuallysection,directly situated in irontoi the '=.*. +', speaker's i ii theperson a rostrum.member, isaiter making'-I donationsthe various Cultto activities, heushered is the into =:!' 1'- Iziii £1- mainoi part theTemple. a rule, maleAs membersd theTemple .,-= ,. _. .., sit towardthe irontand the iemaiemembers the toward rear. ' it Proceduresin individualtemples oi course,will,vary but '~.1J:' I if the meetingis usuallybegun the by Headuinisterpr, his in .5 _.a..___._-._._ i.._ _. .._,.,_____,_. I _..,,.,. .
Q _v a.
'4 a
the wordstowhich are includedthe in Appendices at theend of-. Y 92 this monograph.Following song, theit isif sung, congregation the " 1
F ls questionedas theto StudentEnrollment, Lost-FoundMuslim F Lessonl, No. theplanets, mathematicsand theFruit Islam.of All of this datahas beenincluded the in Appendices. During the _ . ;._¢;__ J 92 65"., v 'I7. coursethe of meeting,pertinent subjects,as oftenas possible 1.' -1 .' involving frequentreferencesthe "whiteto devil," whichelicit great feelingsof animosityand hatred,are discussed by various memberseither who directtheir conversationto theindividual . _,. controllingmeeting the to theormembers themselves.At the'close P1-.1 -.~; ,§ of themeeting, usual the prayeris saidand answeredis all by .--H members in unison. 2. Physical Description _
The roomwhere meetingthe held is generallyis the of .;.,; 1.21:.-, auditoriumand type usually has, the in front,a speaker's rostrum 1 situateda platform. on Behind rostrumlthe the of theUnited ags _ Z.- ''~4- StatesIslam are and painted a blackboard. on AboveStars the . ¢ . and Stripes- , is theword "Christianity";below",1 . words the "Slavery, _, Suffering,Directly Death."the beneath word"Death" across, is . -33- "~' . A
9 S *1.- 1;, . -ma.-.-c---. I - ..a.-.~..._~_.._..,_,._._.~..._..-._-..." _ I i , . .. . 4 --. ,,...... - - , ,.~ ..4.»-i.-_-._,..._ . _ _-_..-v_.»-...-_,_...~...--...._-...__.-. i .., ,,.._>92'!P ' §l§1II4i:X I %¢9292~_ ...___...-.-_.-...... ____ 9292_ ...
-3 I it 4 I . 0 Q! Y
§ o -
I to the leitof which is picturea a Negro oi hangedirom ~ f the Limbof tree.a Overthe oi ag Islam, whichcomposed is d v I a whitecrescent star anda iieldonoi red,the word"Islam" is printed;beneath ag thetheare words"Freedom, Justice,I ; Equality. " stationedaboutroom thea series arect guards who standin military fashion alltimes and at whorelieved are every 3.. ~ thirty minutes,or whether notan individualis speaking, by other ,, Q guards after exchangean military oi salute._
, E. _Enrollmentand Education_ Aiter havingattended meetings, severalperson a interestedin
b joiningthe isCult requested to copy,verbatim, form oialetter application - I ,. and submitit toElijah Niohammedin Chicago.It mustbe handwritten in it - k .. d inkon bond paper, it and,isalleged, ii thereis singlea in error spelling 4:-4 or punctuation,the letterwillreturned be correction. forreply, In the __ L46 <-'1 i Prophetthe advises applicantthathas been heaccepted, giveshis"-X him.-..I. :1 name,encloses andextremely the Lesson important1, whichNo.it is p .- - _ incumbentthe membernew uponmemorize. to mastery Uponthis ctdocument, i'. 2. | the perplexedindividual undertakes thenexhaustive theot Studentthe study 92- ~ Enrollmentand Ansvqers,Lost-Found Lesson llusliml, thebook No. thatE .. 34 -
Z . . 92 ¢ _ " '"'* - --92~-~- ~. _ _.
~ Q 9 K 1! ~ - J 92 _ 2 "teachesLost-Found the oi Islam.NationA thorough knowledge of our 4 miserablestate of condition a mathematical in way, wewhen werefound by our SaviourW. Fard,"D. Prophet by D. Fard,W.and various the facts
relatingto geography, astrology,and mathematics, scientificdata. L l All of the foregoingmaterial included is the in Appendices. ! ' The Cult triesto impress on its members necessity the for 5 absorbingallthis of information,andas yet, asfar becan determined, never 1. C 5? fullyexplains such how fantasticelements applicable arethe doctrines toof = theCult. member,One came however, forwardwithexplanation an the of
following problem: w A lion,in a cage,walks backand forthsixty feetper 1 minute, seekinga wayout theoi cage.It tookhim nearly l four centuriesto findthe door.Now, withmodern a 92 equipment,is walking hethree thousandfeet minuteper 3 and hashe threethousand by miles twothousand miles
i a to go yet. is » Howthree long thousand itwill taketwohim by thousand cover tomiles territory thethis at above walkingsaid oi rate? mile.Five Healso thousand hasseventeenhundred two keys, million feeteighty whichequalheone turns at therate sixteenof seventeen and hundredths one per minute. Howlong will it takehim turn to wholethe seventeenmillion? day,Sixty threehundredminutesequals sixty-iivehour, oneand twenty-four one equalshours year.The equalsone above figures notdo includerusty locks. ' -85- - -1:1 ~ "¢%~ ' _ -~ "~~ ~§92:~¢ V' ' -5,._ _ ' " ' " '~~...-__..._. ------_.. _ --= ...... ___.__-....__.i__._a.u_...h.,.. ___.,. _-,___¢_, i I37 I-1
i _
According to this member,such problemsare examplesof lie "' |ymb0li8m.lionthe in is "Thecage the original or Asiatic,man, held ubondageiourcenturies within fora trapfabricated the Caucasian by i mil. seventeen The keys millionrepresenta likenumber Asiatics oi I held the wildernessoi NorthAmerica. Modern equipment, inbondase in in-=.:"==
naturally,the teaching oiis Islam,by whichthe original man progresses . I-- ..,1 I: .- rapidlyemancipation. towardlocks recalcitrant are Rusty who Asiatics 5;: haveyet not accepted Islam.35 A r. -
1 . MembershipAlthough statementshave madebeenCult by membersto indicatemuch a higher gure, thereis reas on tobelieve thatat notime has membershipCult exceeded ever000, and a. 3, verygenerous estimate asthe to currentmembership be approximately would2,000.
G. Conventions . 92 C Each usuallyyear, February fromthrough 26 2'1,February92ll'- an o|_ O MCI Conventionis heldin Chicago,Illinois. Membersirom thevarious .92 ted Statesattend conventionthis they ,where are 92 templesapprisedd the throughoutpast the Ilni progress madethe by andCult plans of iuture for '- 2 1 3 expansionaccomplishments. and - 35 - ,.
I p -v.....__._n.__._ . - ~ _ .
.-_..., hp-. a V _._.. .._....4_ ,.~.Jt_.._.-.-»_._--_. . ._ .._.., -,, ."..~' ".':!~.'92
-1
it'=-. . _1 :2 = if .. ii P» 1; ll I 921 H. liebelliousTendencies ' {L4
I TheMCI was born a chimerical oi resentment against the 92I.__ ' 1, supremacythe race,white oinourished anda persistent advocacy on .- oi rebellion againstits civilization. i 1. instancesoi Violence against Authorit1_ Police I On severaloccasions, primitive the with hatred, which t membersso imbued, areexploded open into violence.During the 1930's,the DetroitBoardEducation d tried on various occasions1111,. to prosecuteCult familiesfor violationsoi thestate educationit is .- laws.several Aiter members arrests,the TempleMCI of handed0
togetherstoned andprison. the avoid a Toraceriot, judge the in;--4 issued ordersior theprisoners release. -fl-.12.4 iM= 92': Anotheroccurred incidentSeptember in1950, in San Diego,: ".1-' 8 A involvingotiicers twothe DiegooiSan Department Police who
were attemptingto servea traiiicwarrant. arriving Uponthe at*.z*i.f& address,individuals two the accosted oiiicersand advisedthem -QM1 0 Z 0*
the subjectoi thewarrant not washome. at the When o icers -Iii
exhibitedwarrant theexpressed andintention 1 theirsearching oi 1 the house,were they ruthlesslyattacked. perpetrated Thisnear riot a A andnecessitated callingoi additionaltheoutcars approximately and - 31 .. X _....;.=a92-_-d..___ _
p -__._-.~.__ ,__ _' .
~ z .5 92 or !-0 <3 Q l I n twentyBefore oiiicers.suhiect thetaken wascustody into and x l Q order wasrestored, unknownindividual tired an three shots F: intoa police car.was It determined later the subiectand that theindividuals two interceptedthe c icers whowere members all of theSan TempleDiegothe oiMuslimCult Islam. oi 8 I .48 In February1951,incident another which occurred involved
~ a disturbancebetweenoi Cultthememberswere whoroute en to yearlythe conventionin Chicago.Membersthe Montgomery oi sf;
x Countyin SilverPoliceSpring, wereMaryland, alerted.Four 3 rs policemenmet thetrain whoentered and carwere assaulted the andtheir hadand guns blackjackstaken irom awayby them members ii oi Cult.the necessitated This callpolice for a reinforcements,-l i andmembers ninethe wereCult of removedto stationthe and chargedwith assault. pppositionFederal to Authority
I a. Yiolationsor theSelective Statutes; Service I Suchdefiance opennot relegatedismerely local to authority.viewthe In oi stand this organization has taken in connectionwith servicein thearmed iorces,.1 members have consistently,sincepassage thethe Selective oi TrainingService andoi 1940, Actadhered the teachings to - 33 - §. . _ ---.~....- . .,.,._,v...:...»...m_¢.....,u=-..-H...~_. .a&<>.->.__A~ . ___ _~ l
» -, V x ~ Ea 9. =4
oi theirleaders reiusing in reglster,because to they l claim to be registeredin thebook Allah ofin theHoly _ i CityMecca oi and cannot serve masters. two 1942 ,In i three leadersoi theMCI, including Elijah llohammed, 92 and seventymembers the ChicagoctTemple arrested were by Agentsoi theBureau. charges The against leveled the leadersincluded toiailure register ior selective service, sedition,and counseling their iollowers"that membersthe ofTemple oiIslam should not intogo the Y q . 0 Army and should anyignore cardsor letters irom the I o~I local draitboard." The indictments tor returned sedition Alf-
and conspiracyto commitsedition dismissed werein .v. Hay 1943;however, three the leadersserved prison 315 . . ;-'>.*.i§ !92t terms for selective serviceviolations. the Oi seventy 0:9, e i members arrested,approximatelyforty servedprison I termsviolation for the cl Selective Trainingand Service Actat 1940. ' - p92 Duringcourse thethe of Second Worldand theWar warin Korea,such incidents were repeated throughout the country,and a number d convictionswere secured - 39 - 3 --' 1-:.~.r_.-...'. " _ --> _- Q 0 ~'-.'92; __a -I -'592 -~ U I
for violationsoi theSelective Serviceacts; andnow with thethreat hostilities oi the in Far East, Cultthe _ hasagain taken an open againststand inservice thearmed forcesthe oi UnitedStates. continueThey include to in .5i their teachingssuch informationas: - T 0 The blackpeople havealways been helping Z the devilby ghtingin hiswars, butthe u Muslimsnot do goto warbut ratherto jail.
1-:- Those whoregister will be kicked oiout the nationoi Islam and willdle withthe 3 0 white devils. -'5 During April1954, there was indicationan the that - -¢ w 1 Cult soughtto soiten its policy toward selectiveservice I by statingthat,ii the Government guarantee would Muslims 2 Vii' O that theywould not havetight to theirbrother Muslims,I ..q E~ !.Q they wouldnot oppose selective andservice would 2|- 5' voluntarilythe enter armediorces underthe drait. However, Q hi I since Governmentthe not could guaranteethis andsince 92 "4 '5. it washighly probablethat Muslims would themselvesplace :92 -
ina positionto be ordered iight to otherMuslims, they i - 40 - '
92 ~ A ».-- ---I .- "J.--Y 0 0 Q i
could ifnot, theywished to remain Muslims,"enter
the armed forces. pisloyaltyDisrespect andthe United States for Government_ intertwined defiance withthe provisionsof of theSelective Serviceisa vivid actsdisloyalty tothe Government andcontinual a. 2 disrespectits laws. forBuch commentsas "nogood Muslim K registers for the draft,vote do or anything elsethe in Devil'sl . t government, arerepeatedly throughout madevarious the temples. i Ina publication obtained the from headquarters ofthe MCI in Chicago, 92 v entitledFinal "The Calltto Islam,the " followingappeared: 'I Ofexisted allthe sogovernments one wicked asof theAmerica,world whichthere never misled has the HolyPeople Allah, of anddeceived into them worshipingGod a that they cannotsee, norhear, 1 4 thatAllah, ais God stretchedhaswhich doesnothis forthexist. handagainstFor this causewicked the Americabring to down,her toeven dustand ashes, a countrywhose is land fulloi churchesandthem in wickednesspracticed is beyondwordsdescribe. _to i In 1942,ElijahMohammed described colorfullyAmerican the A E flag as follows: The flagyou seehere the is flagof the white devil. The whitethat yousee, andnotice youthat don t l see black anyany whereit, on represents thewhite race; the red representsthe bloodthat theylose -41- '
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keepingtor whitethe it alone, devilblue background, the I the whitestars representjusticethe to whites, not the :- red ormen blackthe but men toronly whitethe devils.' 6' Be histold peoplenot display to ag the theoi devil, white
3 because ag meant nothingthe them a tobanner but with stars ~ i a § and andstripesa piece oi bluecloth, the butoi flag Islam meant I a 92 their verysalvation. _ n ',.. - n sia and the ; . .'_ -r There seemsto hea great desire to see Ros _ 1 2- Asiaticdestroy countriescontinent theNorth America. oiwhen .i
the StatesUnitedat warwith was the Japan,considered Cult In the r 3. b thers"and gleefullypredicted I_' a Japanesetheir little brown ro e l 2 the victoryoi Landthethe oi Sun.Rising 19'42,1=:1um m Mohammed 2 reportedlythe followingmadestatementat a temple meeting: The Japanese ag similaris our to {lagoi Islam * : 5 th likenessis because the Japanese are our' 92 5 brothersand e they andthe are only ones will who give G I . us justice,ireedom equality. and -3- GU 0 At outbreakthe warKorea, inof Cult the immediately allied I:.a1§!*.~ 1 of-.:,. withcause the North of andKorea spokein glowing T.i ' 0 its sympathies 5 92 termsthe oi strength and prowessoi theirKorean brothers. '5.I~a 0 A a When the Asiatic Negro!man the enters United Statesrequirediight he Army,is to sent toagainst his Korea ownbrother. he whereis - _ I - 42 - . -. ;...._ _ .__v___ .. ...__,_ _ " '--~--___.._.__¢- . Q's
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7 _ I U l . sistently toreferredtheir Asiatic brothers _ 5. They have con ; » 1, gugsia,and,thereis nowhileevidence prove with affiliationto S'
the Communist Party,many of. the leadersthavelostoccasion no . . - 1 .1: ; to rise,verbally, the ofdefense to Sovietthe in matter anyUnion _: I- 4 . .4. i involvingbetweenUnited diiiicultiesand the statesRussia. TheStates Unitedundertakenedbully Russia,to thanhassince can theythey more4 =_ handle whenthey attempt l it Russianor wouldthe ' . ; foundRussians theycouldthemselves notexp allow o be pushed around toby a nationMuslimsdevils.are Russiansof completely Asiatic Theandbrothersorigin. the arein 1 ,of arsthe Cult has particulartaken in teachingdelight. '£ For ye is continuallycirclingcontinent theNorth aw: a of thata "mother plane uctionthe of PlanetEarth. One i America,threatening and destr l varietydescription of setforth below: is There are brilliant menblackthis on lane p fromthe I 25.is it madeof thestrongest e materials-.. agesinit fliestheworld of80012and to above cannot the feetdistancebombed by beanyplane devil climbed. becausany has 1 ; Allah everyhasstopcarefullyin the country everyany place plannedwhere andthere detailandpilots arethe know1 '_ devils.earth,hasofwhich travels capacityeach Itthe fiftythrowing feet.squarebombs toof when thirty " ~ 5" i_ eachbomb comeswill allow to anot stop mana releases breatlg ita tohighly this poisonous after Allah ' 5.! C " gaswill that comeand thesetworld on fire. L
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. :__.; qi A 92 I. §ubversiveTendencies _ , 0 1 -v nI ~ 1 I hueto thenature this oi organization;there seems to bean I t unequallyopinion dividedthe among speakersand leadersas whetherto orI notMCI theis sympathetic to thecause oi Soviet Russia and the Communist 5;. lhrty.Apart theirom irequent references the Russians toas "brothers" I. . l d the Muslims,there havebeen instanceswhen individualleaders throughout 1 . the UnitedStates evidenced have pro-Russian eitheranti-Russian or sentiments. S- ,. I f - The sentiments expressedseem to dependthe on personal ieelings the of individual Inspeaker. l958,itwas reportedthatan otficial d theCult statedat
l Russiais actually a brother nation ii thebut,fact becameknown,the Muslims ». I H1in ;;§ would be branded asCommunists. v . : . In 1954,iniormationreceived wasindicated which that an diicial O _§.$§ £52. ;$1 oi theMCI hadstated thatthe Cult notis Communist a but group thatthe 92- . - ._--_ ~ ' CommunistParty workingwas indirectlyior theCult, sinceit intends to ,._,.... -I.£~-0. I -1 E : takeover Government the iorceviolence andby thus and shouldaid mainthe 4'4 'a ;.:__1 _ purpose ofthe MCI. :'H:'..;0 i . In 1952,itwas consideredthat theMCI wasbeing usedto advance i;_ It - the interests oithe SovietUnion. -.~~ Very Russia soon hasjoined wenow with will thetake black over righteous countrythebrothers. kill and H:- E? allwhite men because arethey the devils. - 44 - 1%
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menusThreat to the Internal Becuriq ~ 1' '7 th ma teichinga at ans srwv. i» . 8 Ba.sed921P°192 ud . er to ui menu e 0 Q that these people present a thri->91 . I it Bde mtay gonsidered muowers - th th rlzht Hm ? ° "° 1 *7 oi the United states. W1 '° 1 - "i ' ° ~ -- men would ma the opportumty, be more than mm 8to periorm any "*5 5: ican 1 dan r the existence d w A1115 F Ne;-1 American principles and en 8° 2 '1 " an 33 IIICIL D I
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92. _.
E Ill. IDEOLOGYTHE OFMCI
92 It isobvious w. n. Fard,um the founder oi mé Cult, selected tenets oi the orthodoxreligionIslam which ofwould lend themselves, ~ those_ wdilutionwith Congopassion. faras the Asideology this movementoi I 5 isconcerned, appearseach it that speakerhas theprivilegeoi advancing hatred ashe wishes, and many .. . , asclose to the realmof fanatical, insane _ E 5 oithem, conscious fully the psychological oi make-uptheir oi listeners, l~U . a 1 e " g exceedthe limit. .~ :11 ~ 5 A. Beliefs1. oiFollow theMCIthe teachingsof Allah,as interpreted- by Elijahldohammed, ' 0 92 the "trueProphet Allah" oi titularand headoi theMCI. : _ i 0 a T: A Thereis no God besidesAllah.Allah is he of lg t 5 _ AQ whom nothingis independent, and uponwhom all we d nd. He iorgetsus not, nor ishe beguiled. , We is th kingdom AndI hear witness nothing Nonedeserves y be worshippedto . or servedbesides Allah. u AndI bear witness Elijah to Mohammedheis thine servantapostle. and Amen. .t Elijah Mohammedwas sentto North America Allah by to leadthe Muslimsin thedestruction the ofdevil and to preparethe tor coming of Allah to this country. -43.. . Q 1
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$- Thereno t.hing suchis a Negro. asThe so-calledNegrorace 2. original raceonearth. - ; oi Asiaticorigin nature andand is the i8 l TheGodoriginal owner andisuniverse theAsiatic mant.he iather man, civilization.andblack oi creator It tookJohn Baptist theyears 600make a to white Q. manoia colored outman. A black-man anda black ' 3 J0 womanbirth gavetwo to blackchildren, being one 9 I E o dark complectedandother thelight. John the ! T Baptistkeptusing thethen two lightestcomplected o childreniacedand aiterwhite until blue-eyedyears 600devil, he made wasa palewho weak I andlaterwise. John exiledto and theislandother the Palom. oi devilswhite had They were to 92 marchmiles 2000 theacross burningdesert oi u Arabiathey andbeen had strippedoitheir clothes I duringior hundredstimeoi the years. werethey Theythe on their madeisland oi Pslominto way - Europethey where with matedanimals and lived 0 like dogs,butwhite the emerged devilsand strong *. starteda thriving civilization. A l 8. ' Thewhite is rac_ealwaysreferred as "devils."the to 92 Thereno other ain'tdevil the on planet earth or under theearth butthe w hite man.And there s 1 no historyto prove no otherdevil the but whitemam l Thereotheris nobodybut devil that whitethe prove can Notman.existence thetheeven no Bible. oi Allah iurthertaught ublethat the maker dark that the"is peoplewill devils, have peaceor whiteman, whentheis separated tro irom , the peaceiul. .
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All theoi originalraceaccept who register Islamwith Allah's ' apostle,Mohammed, Elijahthereaiter andallegiance owe only
to Islam. Nonethe oi originalmen presentlyresidingNorth in America,any owe allegiance to theUnited States since theyare Asiaticoi originand oweallegiance only to Islam. The "whitedevils allottedtimerule to world the passed, has andiast the approaching"WarArmageddon" oi result willin Asiaticownership worldthe emulation andoi theMuslim practices and wayoi liie over allother ways. I In a veryshort timeAllah will institutea war for ti the "righteous"against "white the devils, which -2 will involvethe entire world. blackThe willman I 9 I win thiswar duetothe tact that the white man's time torule expiredin 1914. The warthat beingis shapedup theis Waroi ' Armageddon,the warandct the gods against 1.. the devils,the whiteman againstthe black man. The "whitedevils" withheld have the irom so-calledNegroes the historyof theirtrue identityand culture,and imposedhave 92slave names.After joiningthe Cult,the slavename replaced is ' with the surnamethe with letter X. '
-59- I v. <..~ ,W.- Q.-.
. '1. :1'heoi islam_Principles- . - i E '1. % a. Belieiin Allahandapostle his Mohammed Eliiah b. Belieiin the prophets in theandscriptures 1. The Bible 2. The Holy Koran c. Prayer iive timesa day d. e.Charity, Fasting, inmostly itsbroadest thesense during oimonth Ramadan considered as iallingyearly the month in oi December! 7 B. PracticesOtheroi theMCI prayer, than_ and charity tasting,incorporated the in A above-mentionedprinciplesIslam, oi oi iivemembers Cultthe urged are to practicethe oivirtue cleanliness which consider theyessential as being physicallyabletight tothe in oiWar Armageddon. - 51 - I _ V .-92_ §/ '924. s Q _ I i ! Theylisted havethey what considerthe threegreat which 'evils S membersthe Cultare oibound to overcome: _- x 1. Useof porkwhich is 99% evil C Q 2. Smokingwhichan instituted evilis thewhite devils byto {mu themind and intellectthe oi originalman - A. 8. Fornicationand adultery :5 ti c. Comarison Certain oi oi TenetsOrthodoxthe oi IslamReligion . ._ - with ili lnor iodoxHIT ' 92§ ,. An eiiorthas madebeen the in iollowing paragraphsclarity to 1 the positionoi MCIthea mongrelized as productthe orthodoxoireligion l electedwhich lendthemselves readily oi Islam.Certain aspects have beens §- . Q5 toa clear comparison. l Belief in Allahand theProphets > Orthodox - The orthodoxMuslim sincerelybelievesin Allah as the Supremewho createdBeing the universe,and expresseshis faith by completesubmissionthe DivineWill. He to believes that_ 92 Mohammedwas theMessenger, the greatest andoi last the prophets,whom torevealed Allah patterns certainhuman for ti ' - sz - ; a J kn _92.- .._i _.....,~_.,_;.,..~...,.._.-- . ... Y Q conductwould whichmen leadthe to attainment of spiritual perfectionthis earth. andon happiness in eternity.' as l The religionof Islamrequires belief .aonly notthe in Holy Koranin theall hut books of God,granted all nationsthe to of o 0 the world. Y Andto theeand thosewho whichthat believein that revealed waswhich hashefore thee, been and revealed are certainof the Hereafter. * Unorthodox MCI p AlthoughCult the members professa belief in Allah, and prefacetheir meetings with orthodoxMoslem prayers solicitingaid, Allah's theirmethods worship ofextremely are unconventional.together Allah,unexplained with and digits-3 psuedo-scientifichas becomemerely data,a name to be memorized.lackperception of This led tothemtimes atha! H5.1%' fuse withAllahprophet, the "D.Fard, and W. to attributeto I- ard -. a "divine"significance." Messenger,whom -The Allah to notrevered a in figure history,but A made hisrevelations", is a manthey knowwho livesin Chicago, Illinois. l l ' The Koran . - 53 - i . Q! _t F. 0 9 ______._____.____.____.3-1 ' . " '- - .. . _.__,.___>.- 0 s_Q - -From habit,they professbelief thein Hebrewand Christian prophets,but theirrabid denialof thedoctrines oi Christianity beliesthis profession of belief. _ Joseph wasthe fatherof Jesus. Jesus was born likeany otherman, justlike any other man. Butafter thepeople overhere whocall themselvesmost the intelligentpeople finished doctoring thisbook whichyou callthe holy Bible, andwhen youcall itthe holyBible you don'tknow whatyou're about talking ' because whenI ask you todefine theword holy youprobably cannottell me what the word holy means. - Jesus andthe previousprophets the of Bible were prophetsfor the white deviland theonly negro prophetwas Elijah Mohammed came who to . Detroit in 1930. ' 2. awn Hatred Orthodox Q1 Nowherethe tenetsinof theorthodox oi religion Islam does thereappear indication any racial oi prejudice.On the s , ; contrary, to theMuslim religion the Islam is of considered asit ' - being an internationalwhich religionas its has ideal complete the _' . t equalityall andraces ofunity of themankind. is colorno There j or raceprejudice no distinctionandbetween an Arab and non-Arab. 37_ -54- 1, 7 as l -x. _¢. Q. ? fr 9 0 § The wholeoi humanity is declaredto be one nation.language Allprejudicedemolished are race, oia vastcolor andbrotherhoodand extendingall over theworld, beenhas established, F every memberoi whichis bound to accept the prophetsall nations,oi andtreat to nationsall i 2 equally.33 E Unorthodox MCI ._,_.-¢~ -'$*_'__--As previously 'indicated,this aspect is thevery foundation S oi alloi theteachings the Cult.ofThe whitemanindeed is » the S 92 scapegoat,whom ventedupon ishatred atinged so primitivism with 0 thatit has almost regressedto savagery.It is to thewhite race a that theseNegroes throw gladlyblame the all ior theirat social, A L economiccultural andand ills,is from it the preachingsoi their F - leadersthey that receive the foodfor their emotional appetites. Advocacy oiViolence I 1 OrthodoxNo referencewhatsoever the spread toof Islam by iorce s canfound be the in Koran. The Moslems,_ thoughallowed to .. 5 fightseli-deiense in preserve tonational their existence,were r e iorbiddenprovoke to however, war; were theyor commanded to Cl P utilize maximumtheir in strength theevent was war iorced upon them. , - 55 .. -=-~ _._'a.__-...».._-_ -' » ,.. ' ' _'- s.._._...__. ' ___» ' J _~__Av d i I ._-_.'4.~.._ _ _ _....--._,._. 4. .924_»._~.'_.>_ 3 ~ hiF n ~ Q 0 : -'~ - And notlet hatredoia people incite youto .- exceedgoodnesslimits; thepiety andand helpdoand nothelp one another anotherone in 5 in sinand aggression.* » y 9 ?ersonal violence,suchmurder as revenge, and are :0i sins againstsocietyare and punishable under Moslemlaw. True S nobilityin layforgiveness and thosewho restrain their anger 29 - § .3 and pardonmen shallreceive Paradise. Q i UnorthodoxMCI ______._-- - Althoughhave there nobeen organized actsviolence oi 3 committedthe Cult, theby element of desirefor violence appears n Q to anbe emotionalstimulantevery for practicing member. Well aware of the emotionalneedstheir oi audiences,the leaders 5 loseopportunity no advocatea bloody to revenge the against white O i racethe in "Waroi Armageddon. " Armageddon,the peat battlefieldin thewhere,last times,the powersoi evilwill tight 4 the powersof good,has been redeiined Cult interminology to "-~--~.....-a...-u; ' _,__ _.-._,______ __V__T: Tu _ . - ...e. -.h.....1._..» h..~ W *-- .~»- , a... P d 4, ikttitvdetoward at WorshipPlaces. 5 . .5 I a > ' Orthodox An orthodoxMoslemon mosque thelooksas a training oi thefraternity and equality oi ' mankindgroundare wheretheinto doctrinesput practical working,thecommunity is and ¢ 1 i educatedall questionsoi on weliare.its a mosque Oncehas- t - hasbeentheit to built,openisright prohibitMoslemsMoslems to alla certain persuasionspersuasion oiand oneoisect no - t or - trom enteringany mosque.3° Andthis moswho moreuesunjust Allah oi he who Histhanthatprevents name sho uld be men _ from rememberede q ,them,strives and inruin to them? .4 I I UnorthodoutIn Cult.nothe MCI_ but a Negro _oneis allowed access the 1to , inner oisanctum temple,the many andthreats dire been have madeany against memberot whitethe race who attempts entry. 5, ., Whethermana Moslem istheor non-Moslem makes noapparent difierence;colorhis theoi isskin solethe to bar entry.his 0 ItIslam tstoo the latefortor door isthedevils closed. comeI dontot care into whois he orwhat he is, not devilone can * The Koran - 51 - L 7 9 92 l come it istheacross that President, doorthe Kingsill.Ioi don't England, care or ii I how bighe is. We diewill prevent to him I ~5 from comingthat in door.' x 5. Prayer . Orthodox . __-_@-1- Prayerthe is second pillariaith oi is and oneoithe ' instrumentsby whichan individual develops artseli-mastery. oi the' § the It mediumanis integralprayerpartthehumanity oi religion oi oi thatIslam, thebecause peaceis desired throughobtains f_it " _;oi T mind andthe reachesof ideal spiritualperfection. 31 T The 1. Prayers Fair,or themorningare whichlive saidis a timesprayer, day:said aiter dawn i 2. andZuhr, beforeorsunrise. early theafternoon prayer,said is . whenthe sunbemns decline. to 8. Asr,theor issun thelateabout midway aiternoon prayer,its courseonsaidto setting. is when 4. afterlllaghrib,sunor the sunsetthe sets. is prayer, saidimmediately _ 5. Isha,or thenight prayer,is saidwhenthe red glowthe in westdisappears. 32 it wouldbe impossible to establishthat individualmembers : oi theCult lacked an appreciationoi valuetheprayer; oi however, '. -52- 0 _i_____--- ---""'i' <. ,- 3 5 92 """"~'*"u»:...~.-... t. ; .... i 1' ! S as utilizedby leaders,the is merely-a prayerserieswords of L useda measure asof openingand closingmeetings. oi One the strikingmost of aspects prayersthe by repeated membersCult § 1 l is anabsolute oi devotion lackand fervor.The oiform prayer i. 9 seemsvarywith theto feelings the oiparticular leader. 5 1timesbeforedayly sun if can up.2.'7 10 clock timescan it next or12 lnext3or4iicanneXl after prayersun down before Justii 7 prayers down sunthe6 after 5 I Q in theBed youdo nothatter getup just layon yourside eitherway. Charity andFasting Orthodox l th 0 These practices,togetherprayer, with e enab e Moslem,self-mastery, throughattain apex thetodignity, oiv human conduct_andelevationthe mind. Charity oi accentuates I thevirtues of generosityforgiveness. and accustoms Fasting a manto facethe hardshipsoi liteand increases his powers oi resistance.33 Lo! Thosewho believeandgood do works and i establishand worship thepay poor-due, their e rewardwith is theirLord theseand shall a 1. ¢ i _ I - V . -_----'._.,_~»__.- . _ _ . ,,, ~ » /-l.-,~,._,92v,._. _ ,.' .-...-,-cw...-.:.m._-_-¢..~..._._ _ _ .. .. rm» .a..~ c-4...... no tearcome themimonneither shall they grieve.* _ O evenyewho it aswas prescribedbelievel Fasting prescribedthose istor beioreyou, you, for that yemay wardcti evil!. " Unorthodox MCI _ Charitytasting andaccepted arethe asCult by being embodiedtheirprinciples five in Islam.certain at On occasions, charitythemselves amongbeen advocatedstrongly has teebly and attempted;charity however,a means asto spiritualperfection is virtuallyunknown the teachings inat theCult. Allthe oi membersare periodicallyreminded that tasting n inthe month oi Ramadan is highlydesired; itis doubtedhowever,-;.3 thatmany oi the members0! Cult,the includingmost the oi leaders,any perceptionhave clearthe signiiicance otoi Ramadan, muchthe less forreasonnecessity the tasting. failure oi Their - to believethat Moharnmedwas last thethe cf prophets,which g. is oneoi basicthe oi beliefs Islam,invalidates adherence their to theregulation tasting demandingRamadan- during '4 I *'ihe Koran "lhid .-in ~ -eo- ~ 92 0 5 3 . __-----Ii U .,.<...... ~ § '~. .~..,.-_.»._.. v- A 3 9 . '1. Cleanliness Orthodox _ ii E Beforeit ispossible aMoslem to for attain complete inwardhe purity, mustfirst purity his body.It has been said e bodyis thewatchword Islam-" of 0 thatThis "apure is effortmind directediri a by pur asincere for nearness desirea God. to ~ Surelyloves Allah whothose turnbmuch to ~ i i Him,He and lovesthose purify who themselves. * ' Theum condition of bodilypurification a partialV is ahlutionentails whichwashing the certain ofof the parts body before prayer. O washyouwho faces your believe!whenyour andrise handsas you to asfarupthe prayer elbows,wipe andheads, your wash! and your 2 feet tothe ankles." v toward 2 Thus, in thereligion Islam, of striving the I physicalis purificationmotivatedby aspiritual 34 force. v' UnorthodoxMembers MCItheare Cult offrequentlyurged keep themselves toand their belongingsin perfectorder; there however, to appearsno he : * The Koran " Ibid. .. 51 - 'I 7 . ~___ '_*--A . ti spiritual motivationpresent. Although Elijah Mohammed statedwas it intention his clean tothe up darkpeople physically and spiritually,the soleaim beenhas towardracial perfection, not spiritualperfection. Cleanliness,therefore,strictly is i a matter oi hygiene. ~ _- 5 Wash yourright hands first andthen yourletts, ,,- atterwhich the {ace shouldbe washed and takea bath every 24 hours. 8. Food andDrink i; 92 E At Orthodox the beginningof Islam,it wasconsidered the food that whicha man used affected not onlyhis constitution but alsothe buildingoi his character,up hence it andwasnecessary that men shouldbe taughtways clean oi eating.Thus certain foods ' 92 were prohibited: 1. Thatwhich dies oi itself Blood, explainedas "blood poured forth" 8 Q 2. ~ 3. Flesh oi swine 0 ; 4.has Food over beeninvoked whichat theother oftime any thatslaughtering nameof Allah -53.. E I 2 --,--.,.._._...... __...... ~._--_ _ 92_ s._.. ._ _ _...=_-,.._<....' _.___ , I A -. , , _,..__...... -_..-._,...na./-_..l., - _~,,..' ,.,__' r 92 _. 5 Q 1. - The HolyProphet prohibited sll:- ' beasts preyof with a caninetooth _ _ birds ct prey witha claw _ the tameass , thehyenas, mulebut not elephants,the foxes,horse pelicans, Aweasels, kites,. ' carrion-crows,ravens, crocodiles, otters, asses, mules, waspsall and insects 35 - These prohibitionsare stilline ect and strictly adhered to byorthodoxhioslems, the particularly abhorrenceof swine. In connectionwith drinking, the juice oi fruits can be- usedup only theto timethey becomeintoxicating; except however, amongthe most rigidly orthodox,this regulation is regarded ' with toleration. V Unorthodox MCI ' The MCIhas adoptedfrom religionthe Islam oithe idea oi ioodrestrictions, formulated and in keeping ruleswiththeir own tastesand tendencies. In connection with ahhorrencethe oi swine,ielt deeply by theorthodox Moslem,the regulations ' ~ oi theCult explicitystate: a 3 ,3 The hogmade .is ofthree different up beast 92 dog, was cat, cleanto Histhe up iilthrat. that the purposeon the devilsPlanet Earth had I5 Islam.- intheir caves,a when ldossacameteach to_< them -53- s 5 t:., __ 0 ? . Q Porkailments.the is10 iood ozthat oi pork issounds thesourcethe most mental oipower. 10 ozoi poisonanimal destroys pork! 3/100 'beautyaddition appearance. Inpork, the to leaders the oiCulthave prohibitediollowing: the - Clams, potato,sweet breadwhite v SmokingThedrinking, smokingFourdevils andchewing whichare: gumandpork. KeepCaucasian, away Q gfrom sudden themdeath areyou. they todangerous and mean may 9. Scienceand Mathematics_ ; Orthodoxi ' Duringheight thethe oihioslemcivilization, the from I 8th throughthellth centuries, great contributionswere made to thestudies mathematics, oi medicine, geography, astronomy and physics.in Moslemthe today, worldintense this in interest ' sciencestill prevails. For instance,a tremendous in uence is ascribedthe planetsand tosky, and theit considered is the that starsdirectly workall terrestrial onevents. stress Great is placednumerology. onscience considered Thisbe is present to ;-g'1I in _64_everysoul and requires study tobe .. 36onlyknown. C '4 0 4.. ~ Q 7- . ,. ,.,,.:-.., =..,_.__..:._,__.__:.:-______._-- -""'__.- V """"~ ~< ~~....-.._;,~'_, _ H _ ' ~ ».._.__ _ " ~--»-~....._...;>. "--~~'-_-<._...4.,___92 I ~- --...... a-.-.- .~ __. K E H_ 0 6 t '9 Unorthodox MCI _ It' 'possibleis the mutilationthatoi suchtheor ies is re ectedthe tollowing instatements the _Cult:. at Planetis 600,Platoon4, 000 000,trom miles sun. the 5 There700,613, are square 581,824,000oi earth.inches ooo,o0o,ooo,oo0,oo0,oo0, / t The000,total 000,000, equa1 1o,oo0,oo0,o0o,ooo,ooo,oo0,o00, 000, 000,Atoms O00, 000, E Y 000,000,000,000,How 000.Atoms 000,many there are in North America? 0 llast Judgmentand Eternitl Orthodox _ - ~ This helietin last the iudgmentand rewardeternalor I punishmenta veryimportant oi tigueis a s partfaith. Moslem It becauseis this belie!that entireoi his is directed litetowards the periectihilitvoi nature.his Allah he Fromreceives the 3 eomiortknowingwhatever oi thatto hlm,itis happens histor C 0 own andpertectton,attained all virtuesthrough works good he con dentlyawaitsLast the37 Day. Lo! whothosebelieve in that which is revealedd unto thee,Christians, Muhammad!,sabaeans--whoeverand whothose andJews, are anin Allah helieveth 92 '. -65- H Q i "' Tr"re _E""'"' _'-I' 1 :"_';'_:,,.; _ =>_ _:_- _ _ __v ______-.-+-..._ _ _-,_92._ _ _ - >~=_ J y . - _»_...____ ._A 1--...t_._,_,_~_ . ... ,._92 I 5 9 andLast theand Dayright--surely doeth theirshall noreward is tear come upon, with them Lord,their there shall neitherand they grieve.* UnorthodoxNowherein theravings MCI the -is Cult oithereanything but I . H ll! The goodworksd in g a shadowyreierenceParadise or e _to t thehate principles '- its members cometo signiiythe strict comprise bymeans adherence whichthe0 man white be will and v D' obliterated.Thistheir is -- paradisea world in which the 0 r Negrohave willthe attained enviablesupremacythe white oi I manthe without necessityoi competitiveexertion. tor them Hell is herethenow theand -- positioninferior occupythe of they in iaceArmageddonthe oi theworld.The Dayoi cloudsLastthe battle will isday lastoi when thedissolveandWar the reveal ' ruler oi the universe-- theNegro. n. not-rueInRelation Februaryin 1954, other an individual,Cults who toin Islamicthe thatUnited atwas time presidentstates £3ct thePhiladelphia ahch oroiAddeynue theUnivers,al'Arahic Aliahe Association, "1 heKoran - 53 - 92 a £1 _,...-. ..___ _ _ 2». . ! D ~ 92_ i i Incorporated,Moslern anorthodoxwith organization headquartersin Newark, 92'.1 NewJersey, who and severalattended meetings, MCI the MCI classi ed as themost unorthodoxandacceptable least group this Nioslem in country. ' He statedwere thereevidences nothe toKoran support inthe teachingMCl's oi civil disobedienceand nonconiormityto lawsthethe oi country, their adherenceprinciplesracial to oiprejudice,or militaristicthe V, approach- to theirreligion. caicgorized HeMCI asan"elementary, the completely unorthodoxwhose members group,"are manytaught false doctrines and whose areteachings calculatedto engender racial hatred. . Among the othergroupsthe inUnitedStates acceptable not R- individualthe listed MoorishScience oi Temple é to America, orthodox Nloslems,describedthis previously this monograph,and in Ahmadyyia,which on recognizesa livingprophet India in Ahmad.called = E1 P - Hestated all lloslemthatgroups one had "commondenominator " _A Easternwhichwasculture they Asiaticsthatall are striving totothe bringknowledge and throughout Asworld.a reason acceptance torl~iegro s the oi i interestthe religion oiin Islam,he relatedthat provides it of themembers Negrowith a racesatisfactory explanationtheir " " true origin oi andheritage. ' e -61- ' __.G1' Y-.. ___ _v:__I__:__>___| 53 _ :_ __A_1_r_Ww_LJWVI92»|"_ S__ E m w E P i D!92_:V _i|t¥V'_I .-5" i-_ U_.*1H r . l. APPENDICES 68 ":' ----______..! r ·a ~ • , - -- ·- ...... • _/ ,~ ,; _ O U s E APPLICATION i 1 Q Dear Mr. Mohammed, _ I the lord "In oi the the name world. oi Allah,I have the been merciiul, allattending the holy,teachings praise oi is Islam to Allah,by one oi your ministers, and I believe in Islam, this old my slave own religion, name oi the and devil I desireand to giveclaim me my my own own. holy Please righteous take away name. My slave name _ and address is as follows. Z REPLY "As Salaam Alaikum: "In the name oi Allah, and in the name oi his divine Messenger, Mr. Elijah Mohammed. a "Dear "Your Brother:letter seeking to be united again to yourown has passed our inspection. hegives to you it now your awaits holy name the inspection you will be oi known Almighty among God, us Allah. as Brother Until X. '- P . O 5 o "We are enclosing your next lesson oi which you are to answer 100% K. correctly. Upon completion oi same, return. i "As I say unto you in the name oi Allah, and his divine Messenger. As Salaam Alaikum" 2 C t i . . 0 » " '--4--...~...@ 'H1 ,g I ~ ..;.....,..:.»..,..-....,.__ ~-----_- ~~ 3 ,__.-.=¢~._-i.-___. e. _, 1 > V < .i l"0 I e 2 .- O - iiuies oi Islam-ipepartrnent oi Sgrerne Wisdom would 1,The copy students the answers must study oi Lesson his assignment #1, oi Minister Lesson Elijah #1. Each Mohammad, student and_ s mdy until the student is able to memorize by heart all answers to oi said Lesson #1. - _ y I K _ 2. AssignmentoiEach student o ices must will quaiiiy be made his or immediately herseli ior position aiter eaaminition awaiting them.and on 92 completion islamoiwill behis taken or her under laborer analysis course. in the Consideration neariuture by tor our the Prophet, labors W. oiD. Fard ldohammed. I Eules 3. me oi laborers Instruction to must the speak Laborers oiand use grarnmatic lslam_pronunciation oi words and syllables toall lessons, in past, must iuture, be in and the present above language periect other tense.will The not belaborers considered. answers- a e 4. The Laborers must practice the above language with all new converts. L Q The times,Laborer the laborers is liable must to punishment greet a registered ii ionndusing Muslim baby in his language. own way.At all 1; 5. EISTAKES SHALL NOT E B'l' AHONG THE LABQRERS OF ISLAM v AT NO TIME. . .92 6. TheMinister's Class, must study and prepare themselves ior examini- tion beioreas Master soon as W. they D. are Fard able hlohatnmed, to. Everyone s which iinal will enmina on include all oi will the beForms, 92 Lesson #1 answers, and all oi the problems and a general review oi the 3 investigated.1/2 Everyyearsoi labor. hiuslimAbsent should in the know Minister- s all this byClass alwaysheart, it must is all behis and vhysicallyhers. and 'I'he mentally time is ripe to accomplish ior us to reclaim the oisaid ourabove own,which with little all equippedstudy. Barry, should studyand everybody along with study: the trainins. young and Report old, she theirand progress he, the along hi. G. with '1 . and the G. rest.C.C. .-'[Q- _ ...'.- ._...- ,__._--.-.....-____-'-.__.--_ ¢ -- -..-____§- -..,..@ . at . - ._ I-_ ' '. - -. _ VA H/-hW_V__»; ~ V 7 I is _._-...a.- A..a.-.:...4...._¢-.-..>.-~-r_>92,_ .._m.l---._-._- _,. . .- . . + -- 92 t7 3 O 5- t - I: E- t 9. I. gumsTemple ll and Reading 02, also Class. aThe briei review reading oi class the history, shall include report 84 readingproblems, _ 2 mu mtoi withthe the Educational regular school Department report. also The a Secretary general report must oi report oncethe Temple.a . E LL I. air lesson students at all oi times. the University Quickness, oi Islam, iast thinking, must use iast otiicial moving, paper, cleanlinessior ~ ma out, right downto the modern time. TheLaw oi Islam, does not 5 e qproveclear at continuation devilnames. ti English laborers lesson with devil {C1, names. spelling The mustregister be usedmust by allbe -r. [glint girls and mothers to their children ior bed time study, also in <. u K gqqiar courses. Muslim girls must get away trom reading that devil's ? ted time story - 0to their children. ~ I. Application for enlistment in the Fruit oi Islam, will be accepted on a approval oi their Holy Names. Names of devils are not counted any value i h the Fruit oi Islam. Devils must stay away. I ill. The Restrictive Law, is our success. At any time anyone tails to be Mi» to the law, shall be dismissed from his or her post. ll. anion,Brothers and place and them sisters, on the you top all oi get civilization. busy and help hiy me greatest arise the desire isdead h dlicials,give everyone neither his the or laborers. Doher own. I do not not do want other importance than yourseli. Doamong thenot take 0 mix instruction other than our assignment. _ " ii TheMuslim Girls Training and General Civilization Class, I can sit I Iilderuesstop oithe oi world North and America, tell anyone but do that not the let most me catch beautifulany nation sister is otherthe than her ownseli in regards to living the life and weighing properly. e 13. ltdBig by the iield thousand. is awaiting me ior dead the nation wide awake must man ariseto for work the out, time arise is at thehand. look in your poison book, work cheerfully and tear not. . p I YOU Ans 1-an mosrsous, -ms snsr, mo ran POWERFUL By our Saviour, Master W. D. Fard Iliohammed - 71 - -N .. . -.-___---1 --__---...._..__._-v v I . ~- -- ___ HI; -u-- -l---'-.¢- -__ _' _~_'.. v . ""'"_~ _ -,. . 1 _ U "£ § . . ~o"'~ -_ 92 0 P '5: The followingaremeans thewhich members oi by the MCI_ sI q iiy torthemselves positionsinthe Cult. These must questionsknown be andone recited perhundredcorrectly cent all membersbefore by further mt:-actionsbegiven to them canIslamic regarding They teachings. must I = gisoknown behundred onecenta member who perby desires become to 92_ I I 0 g ilisied withFOL i §tudent Enrollment l0 Quest:lons!__ i 1. Whois theoriginal man? 2. whois thecolored man?' . 8.What America is theall population overtheat the andoriginal Earth ?planet in Wildernessthe " North. poi» .; | i ~ 5 4.America Whatis populationtheall the overthe coloredand Earth?planetpeople in theoi Wildernessoi North" 7' I 5.what is the squaremileageEarth, much oi land?how ismuch How I 6.is water?whatis thesquare oi usetullmileslandevery used by entire daythe I.population whatis squarethethe planet oiEarth ?ot useful mileslandby used Original the Man? 8.what is the miles squareat usefulused theland by ColoredMan? _ 0. wmuis thebirth recordoi manation Islam? oi '" 10.what is thebirth recordct- said Z2other- V Islam :?_ than _ --..~..¢_,. ._.» I --~» ._.__. . °-- - -1.». a _ , ..___ _ , . V' ' . I ~ . -y 92 F. El . '~ 2 i ; ¬ . $- pxswersriginal10 to Questions is theAsiaticMan Man Owner, BlackMaker, cream L orThethe O Earth,planetoi Universe the God Father Civilization. and oi_ The ManColoredthe is so-called white or maneaucasian, Yacobs - _ 1graited Thepopulationdevil, thect skunk thepplanet OriginalNationEarth. ofthe Wildernessin at N013!. . . A . _ ;_ I Americaisa little over 11,000,000lost-iounds,2, 000, plus Indians4,400,000,000.making a total01 000, 19,andall over.000 the Earthplanet F is 1, 103,populationThe000 the 000,all and the overPeopleColored planet Earth, the oi400, Wilderness 000.oiin 000, NorthAmerica 5. The51,255,square squareoi is000Earthmileagethe land, 189,685,miles196,940, issquare square miles. is 000 water. -miles, l. thesquare oi useful landmilesby usedentire the everyday population is 29,000,000 squaremiles. ¬ 1. Thesquaresquare miles oi miles. useiul used theland by OriginalMan 23, 000is 000, | V I. Thesquare oi useiul landmilesby usedColored the is 000, 6, Han > 000,_ 5 isquare' ' I. Thereismiles. birth no at record nationsaidIslam. = oi I~ 10.nu-tn Theoi recordothersaidIslam than is: 0 -. . Buddaism- as, approximatelyyears 000 010. Y4 _, . ______._-9 Christianity-- . approximately years 551old. 5 Y=. -10-. ' S ~"u1'3 .-'- G- .§ L as 0 ,'. - . __.__.-..... _. .¢.,.:¢n» p- . ~- -~ "» ..¢-.-en .-M-...... __.__._. __ _ _ '92492-=~.-..> ... , 4 V- V <-~...-:. K _ I... L 1 -! . ~ 92 These questionsare consideredto part bethe oi oi Wisdom the MCI areandarereceived allegedlyby readministers an theindividualthehas oi openingalter his meeting.everycompleted atEnrollment Student These L¬88OB- - Engish LessonC-1 __ i- I My nameis W.F. ld0ha.mmed- 1.2.I Mycame to Northwas uncleover by broughtAmericaby myseli. Trader,here thehundred . three seventy- 8. nlne yearsagd. 4. Myuncle talkcannotown his language. Z 5. Hedoes know nothe is that myuncle. . 6. Helikes devil thethe because gives devilnothing. him P I. Whydoes like he devil?the K Becausedevilput tearin the when himhe was little a boy. 8.9.Because Whydoeshe {eardevilnow him he eattaught athesince man?wrong isbigtoiood. the 1~ 10.ll. Doesthatanything havedothe with question aboveto 10? Number i 0 12. Yes,sir,makes himthat other his than owneelt. n vvnatluma. own eli? " V 18. 0His own eliis Righteousa lloslem. 14. - 14 .. t ,, . . .._...r,.,.,....-». .,,.. ,____ -__ - .....-,.'.l-..__... - -II-1;!- ¢<»-_-.l___,.._,.,_. ... ~ -_....a~-._.-. d.._;.92 .- ,, _.. _ ----~.-_,....__../..»=&»-'-.____. §l . U la! ! s Arethere any Nloslems, than other Righteous? i 15. I 0 lbeg pardon,yourI have never heard oi one. 16. HowMoslem manyare Sonsinthere NorthAmerica? U 1'1.ApproximatelyThree Million. t 18. ! HowOriginal manyare Iloslems in there NorthAmerica? I 19. ~ t _A littleover seventeenmillion. I0. DidI hearyou some saythe 65seventeenmillion notthat doknow- ll. they areMoslem? Yes, sir. 22. l hardlybelieveunless thatare they deaiblind,dumb. and 23. X Well,were theyblind, made and deai thedumbby when devil they I4. were babies. Can devilthe foola lloslem? 25 Nota days.now . 26. D0mean yousaydevil tothe them tooledhundred three seventy 21. nine years ago? _ 5 . Yes,Trader thean interpretationmadethatreceive theytor their gold I8. labor,than morewere they inearning their own country. 92 Thenthey receivedid gold? . 29. No,their 18118 !-F.Trader the ed 4u;appe -1 there andno '' wascouldonespeak 80. -15- H _.___- ._,__,- .4... - .__...- ... _-.. . -.. - - .._.,-.._ ~'- . - ~ ..___...._ V , ,._.._v~~._...._,.¢-...... _. ---~~- ' , --....-.,._._.»,.,. .. p. » »- _, A-_-__.__....._-,._'.._;'.»-_,_' ~ - G 81.82. ThenWell, theywhat wanted happened?gotheir to to country, ownthey could not but swim 9,000 miles. ' $3.Why didn'ttheir peopleawn and comethem? get '. 84. Becausetheir peopleown not did knowthey here. were 85. When did theirpeople ownout {ind werethey here? 86. -Approximatelysixty yearsago. F t n v ~ r 92 I - 1 I s -15- . -.~---..__-___j ._.. .--_--.,..._..-..--, _..-_. ._- .__ - _ ...... -. - _-.- --- - 2 ---:.._,,...... m_»_~ _.4...i,,.92~_,_-,____ » - . *'- _.-.,_=.'_..,..._._...- __,.._.,. . E i -e I At completionthe the studentEnrollment ot English and Lesson gt,member beginsthe working the following on"14 Questions."After we beenhave to committed memoryone perhundred correctly, cent he 1; eligibleto becomea minister in MCI.the this connection, In it hasbeen nlegedjhat,thisa isqualifyingalthough elementthe elevation toin the . it is doubtedthat manyof theministers more know positionMinister, of ! ? 2 thana few of thesequestions. 14 Questions F l. Whyisn't devil onsettled thebest the of part Planetthe Earth?:- Answer:knowingthethe wasthatdevilBecause belongsearth wicked andthe wouldthere Original to Blackbe notpeaceanyand Man amongHe them,him putin out worst the of part earth theand kept . the partbest preserved for himselfeverysince he madeThe it. 1! bestCaucasianis partthe Arabiain devil.Arabiathe is atCityHolyin the iar is llecca. The eastandbordered colored Han is or i by the IndianOcean the on South. 2 WhyMoses didldossa orahard time haveto civilize the devil 2. 200° B.C. 7 Answer:Because wassavage hea. means Savagea person that has lostwashalfknowledge thea original man,himselfa whoandprophet. ofis living Twoand a beast thousandlife.B. meansC. Hosea beforeCivllize toInChrist. themeansAsiaticteachthe knowledgeit wasandinworld the eleven . thousandoiwisdom humanthe year family 8.or Why thedidPlanet we let halfEarth- originalman Columbusdiscover poorof thepart the PlanetEarth? -11 - --_.» ~¢~;. _. _ < ' _ 92 * "*-~ -*----1-._..,_ _A ...-._'__,'' . _ _ .-_- . ~ pi-._-_--»-4--I. .-.. .-...-...___ _.. ______r >»~__-__,__..____,_ ~» ,, . -.. '_,_ _. I. ______ _ - ___-. > _- <-i:=§-a'§'.'a¢~. .-.ai '* ,_ V . i f§ Answer:Because the originalis mantheGod owner ofand the earth,. and knowsevery squareinchd it and has-chosen himself forbest the part.original didHeand care notmanborn was aboutthe Italy, in which poorpart.is southeast Columbuswashalf Hisa Europe.. full o nameAmerica.Christopher wasfound He Indians theand whoColumbus, placehere,were exiledthe discovered seventeenhe wasilorth Q thousandago years fnomIndia. '1 heyare originalpeople. " _ Whywe run didYacob his and madedevil from the rootof civilization, overEurope?hot the isdesert, intotheWhatmeaning cavethe Eu West ofRope?and of asAsia, they now long How call Whatago? it _ 115*did t .aJ-so..-'-~. thedevil bring with him?What kind of lifedid livehe howand longi terr- before cameMossateach tothe devil of theforgotten Tricknolleg]_ . . ~l ,- Answer:peoplelies. telling theyBecause Theyaccusedstarted had righteous troublemaking the causingthe among peoples, righteousi them n to fightand one kill another.Yacoban was originalblack and man, was the fatherofthe devil. He taughtthe devilsto dothis devilishment._ w where Thewisdom ofrootcivilizationand isknowledgein Arabiaof theoriginalat theHoly first Mecca, manCity started.When means wE{cE the planetfound, waswe ranthe devilsoverArabian the We Desert. took5.3.; from everythingthem the except languageand himmade everywalk step-"F§i'~f 9' of theway; was it twenty-twohundredHe miles. wentsavage lived and-"-gr: in thecaves Europe. of means Euhillsides and Ropeis therope to n . bindIt wasin.six thousandand nineteenyears llossa ago. two came_£- i thousandlater yearstaught and how himlive toa respectful life, ' s howgaughtbuild toa whichhome him.fordevilishment, himself wasand ofsome lies, thetricknollegy ste5Ii' g,tellingandYacob how thatII to_ masterthe originalman. was ossaoriginal, half a prophet which 1 was predicatedby twenty-threethe in thescientistsyear fifteenone, i o thousand nineteenyears ago, today. >1 1. Whywe did takeJerusalem from the devil? long How ago? e 924 Answer:thename of Jesusone Becauseburiedour was of righteous and brothers,there, uses he name was his prophet shieldwho a to his by dirty religion,whichcalled is Christianity,alsodeceive to people the-§ e -1a- - A Q ._$_ .:_' '92 . 92 . 4-+>~. --'= ~_ ,_.. _ _, .__. ._...-_ Q <9244' .,_..>..... __,., N _ t - O O §. 0 so theywill believein him.Jesus teaching was not Christianity,it . wasFreedom, Equality;Justice Jerusalemis inSouth Europe._ Jerusalema name given is by Jews,which means founded peace, in andalsowas itSalem, and firstbuilt Ariel. theWe bytook originalthe man, cityfromwhich was devilsthe cal1ed.Jebus, about S seven hundredfifty years ap. l t 8. Whydoes devilthe callour peopleAirlcans? g Answer: To makeour peopleoi NorthAmerica that believe the ' peoplesavage.on boughtthatcontinent Hea trading thepost are onlypeoplethe in Jungle ofhave theythatcontinent,are and all the originalstrayedfrom livepeople away thison civilization andcontinentandliving are a aretheyjungle onesthelife. The who' original.-peoplethis continent Asia,call the but devils callAfrica, it C>- to tryto dividethem. wants He tothink we us all aredifferent. " 7. Why doesthe devil keep peopleour illiterate?_ Answer:that So canhe themuse a toolforand alsoa slave. He keepsmeans blindignorant. themthemselves to thatcan he so master them.- illiterate 8. Whydoes devil the ourkeep peopleapart,'-irom social equality? his Ft and Answer: allBecause hisaffairs, doesis afraidhewantbecause he notto usknowwehow whenlearnabouthe filthy is him I wesociety willmenhim of groupsrun oramong menfrom Socialistofone for common cause.to us. advocate. AEquality means means to be equalin everything, 3 1 9. Whydoes llohammedmakedevil study the from thirtyfivefifty to , yearsgreatest beforeonlycan and ofheFlaghimself call theUniverse? a lloslem Son?he mustAndwear addthe Anda sword. -on upperthe oi part theHoly Greatest and UniversalFlag of Islam? Answer:that he Bocould clean himselfup. lloslemA not does lovethirtydevil theorfive fifty years regardless to howtryingtolonglearn and studies, hedo likethehe afterOriginal hasdevotedman. _ _ -79- 5 i i "' ""' *4-» --..--~.;. _ m.____,____-~...l_-.._._. . -- .» _.... __ 2 i i 4i 0 4 Heas quickascomecould wouldwedo other andtradingamong the thatanddevils, who would is uswenot kill has gone nothim fiveunder thistitty study.to years,wehe goes permitthroughAfterhim wear withto this Flag labor ouriromis which the thirty Sun,TheMoon andis swordStars. emblem an mustJustice, Hethe it addof wasswordonused andupper thethe part. by original mantheMohammed sso flag inthethat time. Thus, candevil it seealways wasplacedso it,will the he in keep part, upperon mind, oi thatso hetime thatthat any couldcleanhe revealstheup himseli come andsecrets.We us.him gaveamong headHischance this would greatestbetaken onlybyknown.sword. oiitheandflag Universe Holy TheTheeverythingoi ilagIslamis the Moon,is xSun, iromandbeginning, TheyStars. theplanets.holy isare something are andPlanetshas somethinggrownbeen notmade that mixed, diluted,or Q or tamperedwith inany iorm. I WhydutyeachMohammed oidoes in Moslemany regards to murderMoalemtourdevils? anddevil? reward thedoes what is Whatlthe 10. a Moslemreceivepresenting bytour atdevils the time?one l Answer:he oneBecause is percenthundred and wickednot will keep 3 andthe obeyoi lawsIslam. His ways actions andlikesnake area I oi graitedthetype. So Mohammed learnedhe couldnotthat reiorm I thedevil sodevils theybecause hadtheybehe murdered. know Alla to snake is and Moslemsii he alsobe murder allowed to will the s live,could sting hesomeone Each iselse. Moslem requiredto bring tourisa button to anddevils, wearonbringing lapelby thepresenting his coat, also oi tour atand a ireeone transportation his time reward _ to HavetheHoly you Mecca notCity thatlearnedto see brotherword yourbe shall Mohammed. RegardlessBond oi ll. whomAnswer: orwhat? My word is Yes, bond and is bond liteandwill I mygive liie beioremy wordshall tail. Whatthe is meaningoiF. O. I? 12. Answer:ingthe otFruit thatmenIslam, belongsTheto oiIslam inname North theto military giventhe America.- train- - 39 - .....~. .._.~_»..... ' _,___ ' ''~"_- ~- ~->--< --~------.. _ ._.. __;.>.___-~__..,_..._.-_-_.--_._..._.._..._._... 1 4 . , . 18. Whatis the meaning ot Lieutenantand Captain? _ Answer:Captain and Lieutenant. The dutyof captainis to give " orders to the lieutenantand the lieutenant's is toteach duty the 9 private soldierand also train them. 14. What is themeaning M.ct G. T. and G. C. C.? _ Answer: MoslemGirls Trainingand GeneralCivilization Class. V This wasthe namegiven tothe trainingof womenand girls in , North Americahow tokeep house,how torear theirchildren, how I to take careof their husband, cook, sew, inand general, howact to ; at homeand abroad.These trainingunits werenamed our by prophet Q and leader of Islam, D.W. Fard. ' Ii Set forth beloware two lists, entitled"Actual Facts"and ' "Facts," whichare part of theteachings the oi Cult. It has been stated that thepurpose these so-called of "Facts"is to impress membersthe and potentialmembers the of Cult with the supreme wisdomof theirteacher, , and the great knowledgethey obtaincan being by membersoi theMCI and - following the teachingsof sum:Mohammed. {. . ActualFacts ' The OriginalMan's weighs brain1/2 '1 ounces, 1 1/2 ounce 5-IE2. 1. 'I he Man sColored brain weighs 6 1/2 mmces. . Over 000 6,years ago Yacobgraited coloredthe manfrom the 2. OriginalMan. It tookhim 600years completeto job. 600this years otbirth control. sex trillion tons. 3. Weight ofthe PlanetEarth is 66 4. European-CaucasianMan-- Cave Nordic! - g1 - ; . . ~~~'~~» --»._...,,_=~.'_.»,~._.....>._.-..._-~=..._ .___,M__¢< N k »- _ .._._ _._. ..-,; 1...;.~-... .,.¢.'¢a....4_.._..=.-..._. . - . .. ::>~ i ii » Mussa Moses! tried civiiizeto Nordicthe Beast4, 000years ago in thecaves Europe. of year11, 000! ' Jesus justicecame000 years 2, later. Jesuswasa halt original man, bornin themonth September oi in the NOTmonth December. oi Jesusa Prophet!was Nimrod born wasthe in monthoi December, 25th day. s - Facts _- - All Prophetsare black, never beiorein anyhistory there has ever' l. been awhite or caucasian prophet. _ Jonah dwelledin thebelly theoi whalefor three days andnights. 2. It stayeddark from6 to 9 hours. . Jesus isbody guarded by 10,000 Muslims by dayand O00 10,by night. 3. Jesus bodylies inthe Templeof Omar in Jerusalem. 4. Remember theCrusades? The whitedevil triesunsuccessfully take bodytheto our of brother Jesus,by laying siege to Jerusalem. A Esau Yusei-vJesus! u The rootoi Civilization is at the HolyCity, Mecca. Mecca in is 5. the fareast andfrom Meccacomes wisdom. all good All thingshad their beginning in Mecca. Allah meansPeace reversed,and means it Halla,Joy. Haveyou 6. not heardChristians HALLALUJAH cry supposedly while irom happy the religionoi a skunk. HALLA= -ALLAH! Christians ofspeak liteand eternitywith Godafter, death.They 7. say, "I'mgoing to make Heavenmy home." Their soown called Holy Bible,tells me,Hosea Chapter13, and4th versesay,am I the Lordthy Godirom theland Egypt,of thouand shaltKnow, no God butme, forthere isno saviourbeside me. - 33 - .. .-. ....-..¢..92. .,, H '_ > . .92_.-__.._.~,.. Q-05:4-4-r~H»..--_..-_,___ '~ - ______. .._ _, __ _ V ..._....-. . . . _._ ___,__> 8 ~ C.!8 L! Where isEgypt? Inthe tar east. What is Egypt's principalreligion? Islam Our ioreparentswere brought over here by the trader the in year houseoi 1555,theIsrael, of Bible tells wouldbe completely methat the lostlost sheep all ofknowledgeoi andfrom ct seli the for approximately400years. Matthew tells methat weif were brought here inthe year1555 and this is1953, i _ - 19531555 %'- 398 years Baal androde would thenot anygoJackass until further,then Angel theof Baal hit the the Lord appeared,assthree licks and hethen the stopped ass turnedsaid, and "Whyhittest thou?and Baal became frightened and ' got down offthe ass. Q Islam has 1, 296short cuts in mathematics. Water Weights Onepint of water weighs1 lb. One gallon of waterweighs 8 lbs. One Cubicioot ofwater weighs62 1/2 lbs. How to eat and live 24 hours. . . . . 150 years 48 hours. . . . . 300 years 72 hours . . . . . 450 years 4days . . . . . 600years 7days . . . . .1,050years _ Methuselahtobe 960livedyears old, ate onceevery seven days. English originatedin 1382. Christianity originatedin 1522. -33- *-" ~-~_,-.~92~>.~J'~&-A-»_..,, ~ . . . - " __, " -~'*'-1- .-J_ZnT_~n6,3._,,._'_-__ . _ _>_ ____!_h r______ bk A4 -» - -V {T 2 r The AuenueOcean is 4.s milesdeep. at .92 2 The PacificOcean is 5. 6miles deep. ~ s '.____. I3 The Wildernesswill burnfor 800 years, and will be Z00 years cooling oii. _ V. Sound Lighttravels travelsat atthe theraterate, od 186,l, 120oi000 miles feet per second.second. t Thoughtat the travelsrate 24 billionmiles second. per i Themonkey is 4, 500, 000 years old. la §; The hogis 5, 091 years old. - § The OriginalMan 14, has ooo,ooo braincells. p I Oneour of brothersfrom came Asiato Detroit outran anda street car by 20 miles. Moon History ' 5 We wereonce called the moon people,but Thank!be66 Allah,trillion to that ears we werenot the on otherpartthe at timeoi theseparation y _ ago.drilleda that tubetime At3, 000 milesa scientest I5wanted theEarth the filled and allpeopletowith it lookalike, explosion high he so andset it oft, moonandt slippedand partthat is and whythe we have moonoii 8/4 turned water partandand 1/4 over land allgiving thewater us a fellgreater on thislitepar , since water is liie, alland thingsare the oi water andnothing exist withoutcan it. _ V The atmosphere sdiameter'16 is miles. quintillion . Theatmosphere's is11 2/8quintillion weight1/8 pounds. of that is the atoms. Planets . _ Diameter: Rotation Distance from sun Name MercuryVenus O00, 000,6'1,000 000 86, I, 8, 000 88 222 days - 4.. fa ._ _...=..-.1-=;a>¢..¢.--.i¢.....__., ._,__,___ » . l F? Q Earth i Mars u Jupiter ,_. -4.»;-.a._.._ ~ a I _ _._. . _,,_,_~ ~- _»---. _ _ ¢_....-~_ --»...... ~._.--r_-,i...._..._ _ _ Saturn2 / 92 5 Uranius0 92- e Q. . I 1 Neptune § as, 000,000 1,020 92 141, 500, 000 Platoon400,000, 000 4,200 ass,000, 000 365 1/2 days o as, 100 1, 102,000, 000 552 days 2, 102, 000, 000 vs, 100 1 year, 9 months Moon4, 500,000, 000 20,000 29 1/2 Y ears 02, 004,000 ~ 84 years s,:00 165 year 0'1, 000 845 year 21, 000 2,000 years Yacob s Civilization "~ 2, 000years Mossa sCivilization . 2 years000 years devil's Esau sCivilization civilization" 8, 400Yacob wasborn 97555600years Completedand 6,the 000 devilyears is, 15, 000years 15,000 years.Saviour, w.Master n.Fard Mohammed. 860years literal years. I LeviticusChapter, 26th verse, 18th referenceseven timesto be . _ _ »-t~ -... i..~... ___. _ ._....__..._.._ _ » <4 ----s-.1-'.i.s1a,s.,~- . >"¢§92'q'_,,_" » -- ""_ .,...-...-..__.a~,..~.. ,_ . Q 1 Q v~ § .-__;-___ | II _-'-_Birth records _~ ;EF_ - l Name Born Died 150 years Yacob A s,4oo a,sso . 1121 years ' MosaEsau . 1,1a,ooo 450 About - 1,571April as 4 ' Nimrod a, 012s. c. 62 years 1 Mohammed1, 386 ,1, 448 52 years Napoleon Z69 1, _- 1, 821 60 years it Columbus 1,446 1,506 Esauborn 2nd wasweek September in diedweek 2nd andApril or in . 1*. , about 26th. x'- 1 The Saviorwasborn February 26, 1877,at theHoly Mecca. City HeWali arrivedin AmericaMohammedAle wasJulyborn 4m,1930.miles 20448 1, livingwhile killed he » 6, 000,000 Christians. Aminah m Abdullah I. ,. llI Selectionsfrom a Publication Writtenby ProyhetW. Fard D._ ~ L Selectionsfrom; This bookteaches Lost the Found NationIslam. Aof thorough oi knowledge conditionoura mathematical oi miserable state inway, ' when ¢ we wereioundby our saviour w. n. Fard. Y By Prophet1:. Fard w. Problems 1. AmericaTheuncle Mr.helived ot oiD.and W.h erthan Fard lived his in the ownself therefore wilderness , Northhis pulse - oi beat years seventy-eightoi age.times manyper Howtimes did minute¢ - his pulse this beat and inhimkilledfortyin forty-iivefive , ?years. .. 35 - ' - 3 . ._._.,_--.._.-.._.._»,,.. _ __ 1...»...-,, _ w___ - _,_._._.- ___' __ __> M V ,. . .-.~a_-A,, 1- -ova.-_ 0 & , 0 '2 E.1 1 92? '.- i. ' fourteensquare One-tenth feet a square inchof . A containsSheepcontains thousand . tenHow hairs.will many fourteenthe square a ~;_.- . » . feet contain? . O» $15. 50 thefor PersonwhoWorks This Problem $1. If one_one-hundredth Qua1i!ied a cubic Only}Membersinch containstwo of hundredmilliona Atoms;total Atmosphere the weighsand eleven two-thirds quintillionOneof -third eleven andpounds. two-thirds quintillion 'equals pounds Atoms. Mr.Then MohammedSharieff crackedMr.to know Atom how wantsmuch one ten intothe millionparts. one-thirdofcracked a, ' KT? Atom Weight? 0 $100.00 In Gold! Forthe Qualifiedwho PersonWorks This Moslems, Problem 1- The populationof Detroitis onemillion hundred fivepeople; thousand I 9. andthere are two hundredandthousand fifty nation.h one original to During thesebuyhard times theyfood, fortwo eat thelack ofmealsper jobs,not Supposeday. having enoug averagem y the person threeeatsiour ouncesone-third andof bread, tenof rice, one-fifth fourouncesand one-eighth andof poison ouncesanimal,of ounces other me alh e 1 pe r . It isknown i animalthesounds toMedicalProfession mental the other power.One- and wisesixtieth MoslemanSons, ounceperof thatpo son tenevery ouncesof poisonanimal. the if averageMr. Mohammedcontainswants personknowand tolong seven how one-halfouncesit willtaketo brain, soundthe oi then sI sevenone-half and at ouncestheabove rates? eating The averagepersonbe robbedcansuccessfully one-third with of unsound brain,then, ,how long will devil a to have waitto robof said the poisonanim al ea t er atthe aboverates?is, It alsoknown the to civilizedone-hundredthsthat worldouncesoi ten thebeautythe percent poisonanimalof appearanceof on.a pers three destroys - 31 - _4 »~ » ' -1...-z..~>_.92_--.. - -e ~¢Af .A; . . -- ,-.-.-.=-t..-,,_ ...... _ ____ M W Q- 1 1 I 92 . y MUSLIM FIGHTINGSONG "yvs ARErxssrms sonrsmu I We are ghting Islam,for weand will surely win; WithWe areourUnitedsaviour Allah, theour with Nation, Universalandcalled by King, his name; So let us riseye Muslims,Fight toryour own. Chorus! FightO ye ye O Muslims, Muslims,and Fightior willwe your allown;be tree, Fight0 ye Muslims, fightfor your own. 2. Freedom,Four-Hundred Justice,Equality,inslave by years thenow we devil,musthave;lost fromour own, S So letus rise,ye Muslims,Fight foryour own. Repeat Chorus! _ TheEarth belongs to therighteous, for Fight yourown; Allah, gaveto you and I for a National,the Sun, theMoon, Stars.the Thebest hisoi Creations,So letus risehehas given ye Muslims, to Fightyou; foryour own. Repeat Chorus! Repeat lastverse softly!. L aa- __ . ..92¢._.,>,-W.... ___ J ,_ ,AM I i ', . _ 1 ' ' . _-_ ___ -_ W4 '_ -7' '' N ' """" " *"-'*" """'* " -" * " T'f1"T_'_:§};_ IJ-G>- " I 1 t I %% = e . Q i _ s J1 24 1 I. .9 92;> ,,_.. SOURCES ;-2.1 1 . i .» 3. Pickthall, MohammadMarmaduke.Mean1n5Lqi The Glorious the Koran nded. ; New York: The New Kmericdnibrary oi"Wo d EIEE-"Rare,1954!, p. x. ' S . X A -" 1 lbid. , p. xi. . h . Q Levy, Reuben.An Introduction to theSociology oi Is1am_ London: I4 Williams andNo:-gate, Ltd., I553!, Vol. 1}gassim. ; S 1 .': mm. 1 .9 Q ComgtorvsEnc!c1g¥g%a PicturedE. Compton F.and Company, - xc Y eago, linois, , 0 . . MuhammedMaulana. Ali, TheReli onoi Islam rd ed.; London: MacMi11an Co.and, Ltd. , I515!, gass . -1-1-nlbid. i 31:-0Ibid. I . Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. _-1-noIbid. lbid. Ibid. I ! Ibid. lbid. lbid. -89- _ 7 . __ 92 i, L/J '- '_' , :_-3; ~ m ' .* Jtk * '- _ - 5;-' 92 "fa " :,. -:_.;: -. '1 , ., ._ _ _ 4 . . gs _~_ xv -1 / I w. ~ - ' . * ' '_92 -.1 YT '1; f ' v : :-:1 ; I ' ' i-7' , .7 :2 - 7.1» 4 L THE NATION OF ISLAM - Antiwhlte,All-Negro Cult in United States! _». .>» Octbber, moo £@zw~<»92m._ fxasa QQH SE¢Y92oN Room ' -39 LB. Federal Bureau 0! Investigation United States Department of Justice Jolm Edgs: 60! i . 92 g4.w- F48 CoPY .~.____-_ .. - .. d. ~ _-¢v¢-a, ~__'._,._< - - . ._- 92 '_ ,5.-;-=~ . man: or CONTENTS ._ __, Q; » PREFACEQOIQIIIOIOOOOIIIOIIOOOI . .3 Q ,1 -A{§"».'1_". T /.- v .- ~42 -fl -_ '9': E SUMMARYANDCONCLUSIONS ...... K :4! ms . .A¢summaryufoloooonooooooonoo. Q! B. ConcIua1ons...... _ L11 L I I I I I I C Q I Q C I 4 m A0wIDIFardIlI92IUOlUIOOOIOOIvi B. !'ardTeachesViolence...... I 1 C.E1i}ahMuhammad...... L1 ? H. ORGANIZATION--¢.¢-..-..¢...-¢¢. a ' Muharnmad'sTemples0fIs1am MTI!. . . 4 Membership ...... 0f1icia1l...... is ...Fruit0iIsZ.am F OI!...... Muslim Girls Tra1ni.n.g MGT! ...... Univex-sityafIaiam...... Business Enterprises ...... l m. couvgwrxorgs, BAZAAR8, . . . A.RecentConventiona...... 18 B..Bazaarl...... co "?e2SE't5,' I Q a c 0 Q o I I e0 b 18 19 IV. §INANC§8AI¬DBUHiDINGPROGRAH . . .. 23; ! 23 1. Funds Which Ara Sent to National Headquenem ...... 28 K F :5» e the Le-ca1Tempies. . . . . <3::;,1 .5 27 92 .~! - B. P1-opooodCent0rlntmlcago . . . . '...... " ._"_._p_l'l C. Proposed New Temple Building In 7 :75. _ .. W8.8h1n¢1On,D.C...._.....--5.... 3 r; v. gupucnymm nscawruxmforpmmmxm . . . . an ' AIPubucxty0coooaoO00oo00OOO000I0 a ' to PIU-Bl1ll ghCO9211'lQl'.....»--.... ,0 32 2. Loo Angelea Herald-Dispatch ...... 3. Other Newspapers amii i cationl . . . - 33 NOIPub11cati0nl...... SC Trave1ofNOILeaders... 35 :~ 1."! Recruitingllethods...... 37 8.Membersh1pProcedurol...... 39, 92 ' l I VI. SEQURITY ...... 4.3 1 A.Meetings...... 43 B. Protectionotilljahlluhammad...... 45 C. DLscip11neandTr1a1sofMemberl...... 47 i D. Into:-mantThreatandtheFBI U vn. mcmxms wrpa mw snroncsumrr OFFICIAL8 . . 51 A0 I O I I I U O I I I Q D O Q I I . I Q 81 BO I I U I Q I U I U C U I I I I I Q i I _I vm. N01 nocmmxs, ATT1'TUDE8lANDDOGHA... . .55 . A.Doctr1nes0pen1y8treu0d...... 56' 1. Allah Himself Appointed Mummmad Q a.sti;@1%§ies§eng'er...... 3. Cb1 i.8 3.nR8UgiOnI8lHOlX ...... 57 3. Whltalla.nIltheDev11andOurln0my. 58 4._Wh1tal anHa.lBnalavodtheBlack 5. Wh1teManW11lBeDeatroyed...... 60 '_"'}'f.~§_:'.ZI "'f<' : ::.a'..92_-,92- .1, - -av ' _'__' ~ . _ ' ' - 92 ____'_;~.*¢;.-f9'~,'_.. 1, __~._ . . 0 I 92~ . 92 I : v1 g 5 . > . Q! 1 rt, -2 s 11 ¢- -'__ x . Q0 0 0 0 Q I RS =;»+;'=@- ob 7. Blackl anllust Unify andGa1nBconom1c '5 IDd8]!Ond8n0I.;.-¢.....¢.¢¢. l 8. BlackManMustHaveLa.udoIH1nOIrn . . 92 B. Attitudes Expressed inC1osed Meetings . . . . 1. Attitudetowardvlolence...... 1' 2. Attitude toward American Flag and Gcvemment...... '"92 S. Attitude toward Selective Service and A1-medForcea ...... QI: 2 C. Dogma To Be Accepted by N01 Members . . . . r. E I I O O O I I I I I I Q C I I I I O I I I U I I I I 2 1 r "STUDENT ENROLLMENT LESSON" ...... 1'u 2 4 "IJ mi l. I I O O I I I O I O O O I D I O I I Q 1 " my 2" I Q I I I I O I C Q Q I O O Q I I C Q r 3 Y 92.s » - 1. ¢ E 3 -_ - __,___;___,,4___._ _, _,__.._. .______.__~ ,>_e_~-»-~-~--~-~-~ -e K "'* "1 92 -' Q1 . Q1. i ' n PR3 FACE " . " This is the study oi a fanatical, all~Negro cult in the United Btates which is based ona distorted interpretation oi the religious principles of hlam and is motivatedby hatredoi the white race. At varions times, it has beenknown as the Muslim Cult of Islam and the Allah Temple of Islam and sinceDecember, 1956, has been described, on a nstional basis, an the ; Nation of Islam N01!. individual temples of the cult generally have been i called Muhammad'sTemples of Islam MTI!. Within the past year, considerable publicity has been afforded - 5 the Nationof Islam. The writings of its leader, the so-called"Messenger of t Allah," Elijah Muhammad, haveappeared kncolumns endnczeticles Negroin newspapers; variouscult leaders hsve madetelevision oi thecult havebecome involvedin incidents with policeauthorities; and = several articles aboutthe culthave appearedin nationally known andwidely distributed news magazines. . ~ ' 92 its e. result of this publicity, a confused piemre of 1 Been presented theto ptblic. Reports ofthe manycontradictory statements I made bothby NOIleaders andbyunenlightened writersconcerning numberthe 5; 4 We tollvovrern, lime Y.-,~;,1?.:;-..zq=.t --'-_ ~-at 02" ~»'- - ~ * f > n;1L:n:.:ter:-r, ~-. ,:'..,. 92¢ ., - *1 -ee<; % "f hf oi thecult makethe currentstudy oithis amazingcult verytimely. ._ _ _ g _ . "r '1'* """ " *5e ~~ ""*'~*"'- """ _f'e._~ a Recent, published estimatesat the number oimembers the Ration M. cllslamvaryirom 70,000to more than250,000. Whilethese estimateeare i- excessive, thisstudy will reveal thatmore important than theactual numberd members is the ever -present threat of violent action initiated by the members. ' Theteachings oiMuhammad andhis ministersare ambivalentin '92 nature. On one hand, they teach the followers doctrines which in ame and incite hatred oi the white race and, on the other hand, they restrain and repree. them into doing nothing to violate the laws cl the United States Government. ~. i Contradictory teachings oi this kind produce frustrations, and frustrations very 1 ? easily can express themselves in acts oi violence. . Material utilized in this study has been compiled from both public ant con dential sources; The public sources are identified by footnote, while ttw Qonfidential sources have been retained by this Bureau. No atftemptt.has made to correct or point out errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation, et cete: I E l which appear in cult material that has been quoted. ' iii L ? -14- . . -- ~- -_._-.-' -1 .- --~ . -I»"I,.' _~ - t - .f..-4 »a.'_I'_._. 92_'_, ;_f " . -e . . . - '.:.....,...:..->-.-..92.-..»».-. -.4 -l~;,.i-.1-..-~,921..'.i.<.».~-.s..¢>-....-.._..»..-r.. _, 1» .>.- -- ~.~.-.,---,_92.._..,r.....l'_;.i.~-.-1 _ 92 -_..92_, e . M! ' _, ._, .,~;_ :3 . ., §"1l¥-WY ¢°"° I-"3'°"§ -. V .., I . 1. "'-$3, ! A. _ K I l "..'.rv The fanatical all-Negro cult, now called the Nation of Islam, originated inDetroit, Michigan,in theearly 1930'sas theresult oi the preachings of one W. D. Fard who claimed he was "the Supreme Ruler d the Universe. " In reality, he was an ex-convict who ind served s three- ' year sentence at San Quentin Penitentiary for s drug violation. In the Spring of 1988, after the arrest of one oi his followers who had murdered P! a man in s human sacrifice, Fard was ordered om oi Detroit and has since I I completely disappeared.Pard's leadershipoi the cult wastaken over by s > Georgia-born Negronamed ElijahPoole. Poolebegan callinghimself Elijah Muhammad and 8Xpl2.ln9dto cult followers that Ferd Md been Allah himseli and had appointedhim the "Messenger oi Allah" to lead "the | I so-called Negroesin the wilderness oiNorth America" outoi the slavery imposed on them by the white race. - cult moved to Chicago. From there, it has grown throughout theUnited Btates into an organisation having 30 numerically designated templesand numerous wher grolme of cult memb-erewho hold regular xi -111- - ,- __- _._. "_, ' .. W e V ~ vL "" ~ _" _ . . e _. . . -~ v - V -. -.-Y.I , -';- ~-.. , 1 . aft <1-5- -3 -'1-»'--" :'_f_.".-"1g-Pgr 7 , - _ ' . , 1;: __,_, _ _, -1,. >_-,_'f92s_-_- .92>;_-... _ .- __ . r - 3.7: ';-.. . ' - - .-" ~, -.~ .- .- .. -. 92.'*- ~- " -a."-;~"-1---1 - -u - I . ,1 ~ . . _ A4. . It _92. J; ,3 re _ 1TT, members arerigidly disciplinedand well-organizediollowers of I 4_. -_- }=, . _.92 are generallyuneducated Negroeswhom llulmmmad through theirviolent teachings,keep ins coniusedmental state out readiness tor the "War oi Armageddon, "which Muhammad says is coming soon and through which be says they will go forward and destroy the white race to avenge 5 the injustices they feel they now suiier. ' p . _ ' O _ Q 7_-. .2 Within each oi Muhammad'sTemples oi Islam, the male members i are segregated intoan organization called the Fruit oi Islam, and thefemale members, into a group called the Muslim Girls Training. Bach group is organized along military lines under the leadership of a captain and several 92 lieutenants, who maintain strict discipline at all times. ' R I 1' The Nation oi Islam-conducts two so-celled universities, one at e-tr A and the other at Chicago. These schools are attended by children iwm the age f cl four up to their late teens. Bach temple also conducts several business r 1 enterprisesencourages and members its patronize to only these businesses. I i 1 , inc i s 2 enterprises oi cult members in their respective cities. i - l r .. gv - 9 92 __ - 1_ 4-- . 1 _ .1 , . -"e_a'.. During February of each year, the members gather at national headquartersin Chicagofor a cmvention. this At meeting_r.r ,_'_ _ t . . 7. -¢~'- other meetings,rallies, and bazaars sponsoredby the various temples throughout thecountry, Muhammadand hisministers give long, vindictive speeches against the white race and the Federal Government. These manygatherings areused asa means of both spreading themessage of Muhammad and collecting donations irom Neg-oes whoattend. The Nation oi Islam further publicizes its activities and teachings through Negro newspapers and its own publications. Recently, prison inmates claiming to be followers of Muhammad have causedtrouble withinseveral penalinstitutions. Othermembers oi the Nation of Islam have been involved in incidents with local law enforcement officers in some of the larger cities. Muhammad and his ministers take pride in the fearless nature of the members involved in these incidents and makeconstant reference to them in their speeches and writings. £511»?ii. i0'Ll,g[1 it 'w.,_:. ~££$dKL.3»Xu»Al§iJA~-» fv me:H x.¢..~,Ln'..~,.~m ¢~,t-s1, 1,11; s"-an eizi ';Iw~*J>l.. ~92;.iL e.,- Y».,»~. 21,4! tr eh tux, "1 -; -'f1~92~~',~m"=: i~e»§;,92d.a'. -- Its. - :§Li§. C .-_ ol ilam, the doctrinestaught byhim emphasize violenthatred of -7- _' _ _e____ _ , J- __,,_ ._|,;.."_1IIIIIII-n_92,_,rI'vF'V_-""'*""' ' , . ¢. a _¢ -Q 4_ . . " - v . -3 ~ ~ , .~.~. ". ..-_"'1'. v.1.-4 - - -- - ~~-.._...... __.t.__..._--.-.__-n ._.-_.._..'..»_.....'~....:.....a,_-..l.__...... ~.>._'_,...... am.-...... _>...._.'... ..-. ..., _.. _ w Wat...-._.._..-_.._.._..__.-.r.__ .»_.._ . . _.- - ______'4..- .._. . . 92 _ ._. . ---5.4 »¢ . _ , . -- - - - z . 4-I-'2».-§.;';'. .. - .~ shite race.A 7 llnhammad preachesthat theso-called v . Negroesmust .-.:', .-I be ' awakened;shown theyhow havebeen enslavedby theirenemy, "white, the 0*'4 V,I 3 ~ _ " ." ~ :'V§92devil"; ' v and unified-* under his leadership. heThus, says,they cangain-J -.2 1.1% economic independenceand beable todemand ofland their own fromthe UnitedStates Government. He claimsthat theChristian religionis a O anda tool oi thewhite raceto enslavethe Negrobut that soon the whiterace, ' the Government,and allNegroes whodonot accept his teachingswillbe destroyed byAllah inthe "Waroi Armageddon." ' 2 ! Conclusions ~ 3 ! 1. TheNation Islam,oi ana11 Negro organizationpurporting adherence 4' to thereligious principlesoi Islam as interpretedby Elijah Muhammad, - is ostensiblydedicated the to spiritualand physicaluplift ofthe Negroes; however, constantemphasis the on vin ctive doctrines the oicult results inthe propagationof hairedoi thewhite race. 2. ElijahMuhammad, histhrough preachings oi superiority oi the"black . man" andhis demands ior completeindependence the from white race, _ has furnishedmany dissatisfiedNegroes witha nev pride andpurpose tn lifethrough militantthe andarrogant blackunity withinthe Nationd the oi oi temples made of bound iogehhera in of thewhite raceby theteachims Elijah oi Muhammad conveyed by his dedicated ministers. ..y1.. .. Z a".92-~ ,_.. ._ '..'92 _. , _ . p ,_ ._-= H _ ' n- - _ .-. _ 92.. .- , _ _ ' . 77 . 92 n Q Q, e 0 - v > ~ .4 _i » 5- |.'- TheNation oi lslam is strongest in the large cities where great masses d Negroeslive under very trying conditions. Followers cl Mohammad, 5 ' demonstrating fearless andoutspoken antiwhite,anti-Christian attitudes, are bound toimpress otherNegroes living in these areas. Thereiore, t as long as racial inequity continues, the militant and arrogant manner ol cult members remains a potential threat oi violent action. I 1 92 > P t» a $ ~1 J r > 92 f Y ' '_ V 'A»'¢.-andnnl- 92_~.~nhn.n. - " v . ' * - *"""" " "" - '_ _ A > . ~. ___ _ ,_, . ;. - - a . ,. . _,. -' . _ . , ' .» ' -_ 1; ' 1. ancxonovun omomwum -._.'.> . . 5; _ _ ._ . ' ~ t T Around timethe ofthe 1irstWorldWar, the Negroesthe inr" Southern Statesbecame attractedto the northern industrialcities, such as - Detroit, Pittsburgh,and Chicago.They believedimplicitly thatthe North, unlike theSouth, presentedrare opportunitiesto improve the economic and cultural standards0! the Negro. Asa result oi theprevalentilliteracy among these peopleand thelarge numbersofthem who immigratedthe to North, possibilities employmentfor diminished.The depression period completely dispelled therest attheir hopesand reducedgreatly theirliving standards. During theseyears, manymilitant andcultist groupsarose whichreflected the Negroes intense desirefor racialimprovement recognitionand and which based the positionoi theNegro inAmerican societyon thetreatment afforded himby thewhite people. . One outthe moreviolent andenduring oi these groups wasthe Rationoi Islam NOD, knownat various times Allah sas Templeof inlem, ¢..~§.*.'=1. .U r. ,...1 L _. _.._ :-- Li__ , .3: l , "2 5...." taii , .11.v-,>.>.#. "4, , r1 92A2.,.».T ~c_. r 1. . .Lt A. I. D. Pard Eu 1930, there e.ppee.re~ lone clthe materialconcerning origin the oi the N01 hasbeen takeniron: A well-documentedstudy 01the atit whichappeared The in AmericanJournal dlociolgg, Vol.nm, rm.e, Hay,ma. if- _ . . _ .. - " ""'H ' "I -'-'. _ o'~,"~'."!"""'!F""'.~;»-..-. . _ . - W '_ . ~ -I ' ' ' ' v-' V . ,~.' - ~ - ' .._ . - .. _.._._..r.:h..~a..--._92.. ._@_..~;»-....__.~|._'.a..- 4 ' D ...a----.-~-~.:, . in 4--.,_,__._-u-Q '92 f I .-- l ,'_ v. '' ,~- , l -Q! ,-'-:4;-l - *., fT!3- t?-.:_.- , . - ~= - *1 . -.. ' . l._ - . ..~.1--_ ._..--.-.~-=-.~ , _. _<;;- , -. . . . _ ,_ ' n, - ' ' " _ .... .'.,_ _ - _e- .._ v .~- - . _ n . = _.J_ :-$14.; -__ 92-2'.;§! .5 _ > . - -1- :;~__.--,,__; -'£='I.a.!1'*.¢~ _Y__ "fr. A,' "' 1--. *"T'i . F ¢ | . . hi!. , warel.Al hecontacted iellow his Negroelin theKlmwood Q .'§,_ d___ district i -- -.'-*1»Detroit,we convinced them he oi his;ministerial . , Boonabilities. ' ;s_I-'='-informal» .J; meetingsbeing vereunder held guidance the the peddler,oi knovn nrioully "aw. tn. lard, Prophetw. n.lard, 1.n. Ioard,an-. Wallrm-ad, ProfessorFord, Hr. Farrad Mohammed,and Hr.I . llommmed Ali. To,. - A laweniorcement he knownauthorities,wasas Wallace DonYard, FBI #56062, i whohad served a three-yearin San Quentinsentence iorPenitentiary violation. 1 oi a narcoticslav. t Very littleFax-d'e oi was authenticallyhackzrvundever ' a1p0OOd,. i bithis impressionisticadhereni-I,bymysterious the over-awed aura surrounding ~ ~ 92 . - . ;~ .v,v - .--_ - ' . ~. ~ 1" - .1-ll -..'-1_ . _ -" _.,,'. - 1 ' 1 x , _ . ' - < , .:.;i. '0: .3 .e -r.<_-_< -_ "¢<;~* :-- :r *-__~-_- ~- - 11- ~ , ':,<_ - - - . __ _ . - » e ' __ _ _. 4 ~_..,, ._-_.,~-_- ,_.-I-*_-»-- -- - 92 ..*7 .1-___» - » __ - -92 ~0~_ , t _ - .s-.' ~< ~ ' "" ' .' . . <' _ . - -1.? . , ..-._ -,7-V; _ 35;!_. 1.92,' 1 . 1- . 4.,-Y.-,¢=. .. =-i V - _ -- ~'_ _,4 . . - , . _92_.mi itam nu followers, mi-, when asked whohe was by theDetroit ., p _ .~i. authorities,he answered,"I amthe Supreme Ruler of the Univv.% - when thenumber d l"ard'sfollowers increasedto the point where private homes were no longer large enoughto accommodate all who desired to hear his teachings,a temple service wasbegun. Thisfirst temple, . I . originated byEard in Detroit, is still designated as TempleNumber 1 oi uienanonoimiam. i 1 B. Fard Teaches Violence l - Fard at lirst utilized theBible, inasmuchas most oi listeners , _ were familiar withits teachingsbut, ashis followingincreased, hebecame more andmore in ammatoryin his remarks againstthe whitesand denounced the Biblein shockingterms. Racial hatred became more pronouncedthan 1u it hadbeen similarin organizations,and it was evidentthat Fardwas actually~ cementing thisfactor intothe foundationoi his organization. Fard thenintroduced theKoran asthe mostauthoritative ofall a 4» , - , 1 - 1 1 » ¢ , 1 a , » V » .1 _ '! {>_qa;», Q, _~, i -v; QM».27:"-92 ,». e,- - -, ,». .,.,/ n*! ,-; ..,. , .so ,. V... .,,5. ,_. '1,. M H, _.__. ., .,, .». _...=, ,- v w ¢~. .».-J.-...:nit iml n. :e;Ll.-:~.t;,< 1.11. ;~1.m,'$5.2;4 2? N2,S ;,_}_;;L,->»_;:1; .,,_; _ ;_'.=_>.;'c;2:_ L-.*.s;.l~,.' ;:. ;~-, B .n. vg , ... Mr;1 > the Arabictext, whichhe translatedand explainedto hisbelievers. Hispeople, 1 thereto:-e,'were completelydependent uponhis interpretations. : F#.-4'3_., _,,,,..,. , ., ..,., -e Y, *7"'7;"*1-'»92*?;"-:"=rvf 4> rir92='"=~. ., =1H ,»*':¬'- ?2~"- -._, ..-'..¢ __.~,~¢»>,:=~.~,-- =. K - V ,-., ?"~%,~¢ -i ~ ' . ~ 1 ~ ~ I I ~ l Q hroughi theto attentimnof the people oi Detroit on November22, 1932, 1 -3- ' . ' 7. ., U . -0. < , _ s|.~. '..;92 _92u. ,.- 92- ¢ I < . ' 92 I __ _- . ' '-;--- =- -,_- - ~.- 7:! . 5.4. -5 ':.1- -_- when the newspapers carried a bloodcurdling story oi human sacri ce. A prominent member of the cult, oneRobert Harris, somehow inchced higi" roomer, John J. Smith, to present himseli as a human sacrifice so tint he migli become "the Saviour oi the world. " At the appointedhour oi the sacrifice, Harris plunged a knife into Smith's heart as he lay waiting on the improvised altar. When Harris was arrested and subsequently adjudged insane, it became known that several women social workers had been slated as his next victims. h . s InMay od 1983, local authorities ordered Fard to leave Detroit, and he has since completely disappeared. However, Fard's departure tailed to bring the activities of the cultto a conclusion. V "- i C. Elijah Muhammad Ready, willing, and able to assumeleaderehip oi the growing cult was Elijah Poole, haven variously es GulenBo@ne, Gulam Em, and liohammed -:=,*# ;=*. oi B. F; ¢~l:»<» r r".oroe.d... the nree-en? nationel leader - the *1 " on Elijah Poole was born in1897 near Bandersville, Georgia, one oi 3.3 children oi Walt end wrie Poole, whose pm -Eui.¬% mac; oi e ,_,./,,,. _.. ~ , Jo » ,_._m92 .,..._,l., tauwt ..». ,- i,4l§. :'¢' ,,- N... _.1, _ r..-1.-_u_;_»;_.;._;~.._; , _.,, ,_ . _ V N ,_ . , _A -.1. ' . » . , _. 1?_ I * I -__,_*.r _ I _ 4 _ _ ' -rip _ ~ . . _ > _ ' ; ' '0' ~ .92 92 » - '~ - - ~ o .I r~ - ' '. < - 1 _ 4 . -.'~ -.| - '- . . - - "' ...... -__.-.______..__._._ _._~__ .....__.____.__.__ __ _,_ _ _ 92 _,_ _ ' ":7--_~'_-3:.- .: ~ ~_- - ; i ~ - - .- ._-_. ._ _.. .~ _,._ u _ . _ .. t. ! , : - ~ 'O7~v92-- home atthe age of 16 years. In 1928, he took his wife and children to -1 ls -T129; 7; "1- - .1, Q g» . . -b 7, lllchlgan, ihere he was employed in several manufacturing plants. t During ~_ ' '_> ._ _r _ .¢g.¢v.-_ ,;.' - . these lean years, Bl ah Poole met W. D. lard, who acquainted him with the tenets of the cult, and who, according to Poole, personally took him "out of the gutter in the streets of Detroit and taught him in three and one-half years the knowledge of Elam. h ~ .1 After Fard left Detroit, Poole referred to himself as Elijah ahammad. He explained to his followers the disappearance of Fard and me change in cult leadership as follows: Ferd was in reality Allah himself, who left Detroit to travel to Mecca, leaving the cult in the capable hands of his apostle, Elijah Muhammad, the "Messenger of Allah. " L Eliiah Mulls. I-ea er taught in Detroit until September, 1934, when, because of local pressure, he moved to Chicago. hi Chicgo, he established another temple of the cult, whlch remains the national headquarters of the NU and is designated as Temple Number 2. the has .7" - 92 Q> .! ll. GLNIZATDIOR ' A. lIuhammad'sTemplesof islamg lflf1!¢ _ ._ __ During theperiod 1934to 1955, this cult increased the numberd its 1""|"' ~- . ' <' temples inthe UnitedStates fromtwo to 13. In the pastlive years, this number 'grown ins to80, notcounting numerousundesignated groupsoi Negroes who _ regularly meet and study the teachings cl the "Messenger." M No explanationhas been given for Elijah Muhammad's numberingof the temples. Some temples are numbered; othersare not. When atemple becomes defunct, its number is usually reassignedto a new group. Temple Number 1is _ in Detroit. Temple Number 2 is in Chicego. The rest, through Number 30, are l spread throughoutmany ofareas thiscountry. all oi Not these vibrant are centers of cult activity. Oi the 30 numerically designatedtemples, seven have fewerthan $0 active members. One has no members at all. Actually, the most active temples are located in the following cities: Chicago, Washington, D. C., Los Angeles, Detroit, New York City, Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland,Milwaukee, and~ Baltimox-e. r1., Yr--< .- i.~ ,. >"-.>¢~.~ » 2.~=. .-»-7 ,~,-.~s 1*1. . ~- _ -*< .-,. . .~ ,- t ~-"'=rm» 7'i"'/ T3 P;r -1 "'.y'~»~-e ~ - 5 - -*§__i%_, ' ~---- ~ -7 '.7 - ' V ~ ' e. ' v 1 r~_~ ¢ __->_ :__ _.__1___ i____ I I I _ _ .__._ .1 - ~~ --- ~~-- - ~--V e e __,_ _ _ W W _ |_ WH ______ ; i . - - e _ 5?" *4 5 'L .. . .~¬§' ;}:-: g._:~M i §{. ' '. x-.22 , H ??- .:5"¢.~rr'5i%">;§ %5i- V5 ..n 1. .1r i v . ' » | ~14; 92. ~~,.- ._;§$.§. am. t_~ , ... . :"v»v%E O < .. .,;>. ._ - . I § T .> E. ,._.;_ - _ *'-*92~ 1 ' - - f". '- ,' . "~ L -5 ¢.-K» §S;1'Z1*2»-.~- y ...=»- ~~_.~ N- _»-,_. " ' »~.~ 92 :..=-,:~ --. .-- -.:= _=-#=;;:.-~.~' --. . 1* v~-.'--wnv v _ -"'_>_-~ -1-.¢_a"~'~.-<~ .. - .5 - '-'f .' -. - .-.~,_92-4' .~.-.-;=.~ . §. _ .* ~ ~1_~., - -f_,.~': »~-Ju-g i~'-»_._.-~:.- #2,; ~1;..r_ ;92$ v "- _ .--$1.» - e ' ; .x; F -.2->5!_.;,f?.§ '*.~. _ -";*~*~ - _-_ J: _-"P5'* ."»='92'=;.~_A,-;.',;-92'_"-5 %'>* » ~. *1: Q». -"- ;:~>',..,>.~'3. § £-.$l;' H,._¢~."@".:; ...._~. .. _@,._, "- HUI-IAMMAD'$ 7§'&¢ IEMPL " *f,.:-_¢,..-.~_.._.1.._,V..'< ~. . 1 ac, _t'5...,_§=,:"-.?»:..'~?' - . . z r-~"-.~.».~.__7*-'1' __-_ .-»;...-~ A I . '$1 '. . 1' . U, ». . - - ~ -.-q.---~.-.~_'.-s...'_-..*- am" ;;..-, " ~ __ - ¢ _ ~.~:5- '~' - *J" . ;'-J .s~ 92*_, vi?1 5". . .-'- » _-1*--'--->.- '..- 31:... 1..-,'» -.' _ -1 ~:":3: .- -"~-- . ' -. .l.§»~ a:}~<>s..,'.__v_ __:_._ ~ _, -»» ..- _ »_1 _;~;'°~ a. _ .'. zv _' '.Mr-2' f1~92,,- ..'~--_- __, >3 .|._. ~"_~. . »_, 92:~ _ '~-- -'~ -- __.,'. . , '*-_:' .. .-..1 .._.92, -,/7 -- 1,'. ' 22* -"4 < A £3..4:-- _* _. Pvfzj v '.-~ - ".92.k:;'92 . '1 *-"- ' '- - "H to -F r' ' ':' J.-tn.-8&8. m . ,q92' -"~11 ~92_ . -. .5 - ,,. _:.:: , @ .-,921>,.._-! - .. -,-;.3_ ¢; ~ ¢' - -- 1-"'i":».»~.'1 ' Z -2 ,- <-'~ ». . » 2 i 1 1 r r S . -' ':~ .¢. 1 9 --.92 '- k? - ~ .." ' ,- v - @r',7-_-.1. .15; -. _ - ' '1'u. ' I ." " "1s. -F. . _v_.. .- .. _ _ _ .;_.?- :.__ F - _ _ . , .v . '5' _v _ | . ® _... . ,,__,-_ _ 3 - Q ~ . ' ' ¢ ¢ -'-'0 92 -5 . 7*: -31, ;.. . $3 _ -,- - - ylii-=:~=-I--'* '__»..,;_*' -_~ M -=.x~- / 51. - HLQQ D25 AV ...¢}-5: : _,__, B 5 m rnon', >4-ca. 1 M . . :0 '.__. - _ czacmo, nu... F ?an m.wAuK£|:, ms. » IA.8l~lN$TOH, 0. .6. I . . cI4<:lmA'rn, oo-no lJu.1'1uoRz, no. ;.~. . .. - .®o . 4 ~ I paw YURK, N.Y. sum mzcao, CALIF. mmmmm, mo as 9.1 , . ~=? as 2»: if.- ?:3_ Ii. §*<~ I~, awunszmzm, u.:_. wunvonn, com. »J -- 1, ' . '92 , . "* ~ - -.1 : :2-.-'* ~.'-:1. ~77 .-_ -~~"- ~:. --_ .<., ~ _- - . ~_t ,1 '4-I ;_ .-- - .__; . 4 . .4 I ;__;:-_~_¢ ,'1_ -;'._- >- "'-';-;.,;&.» " A . ; - - '- . »- _-_ . . v _ 4 _,- . . _ Lu,-_, > ;.'_0-;92-,, - >-. -__. , . ',_.-+~'-- '- ' " . _ _ _. _ -_ .. . . - ~_. . .-u -J. _' 1 .' -_ ....-..-., . ~ _ . , .92 . . . . ' . » . .-2"" _ I if .1- P .~-5 - an Q--,_.5 3; k'_'._ 92 0 ,,.. r .£. M .. .U_ , - =qg5 L2--'11.,1-.,. -"1 . - 4 . ;_ I:' ¬~*_ 7.. .,".~ _',~ 1 ' .131 _- ~~92 ' ; ; ;, ~- .>-. _,{ . ___. 92 ' * 75.0. __ W r i ~> ¢. f ______; : ¢ -». _ _ ¢ . _-~_. ,. >,. S I I ,~ -1-i ¢ _, -jv ¢ ; W -'v"_ _ _ _ _,, rt-r. ~r d ' 9-qggw-92. 92f"P "'~ ,.-,...¢---r .- _._T -.~p ' P ' " _ vxatfrl _. Q< rx~4-A I "V P1 V ~ _ -.. -4*a1 _ - Q-v-J rs-O ' gar- 5 ~" N: ~§='r.::';:1:..>::: ~.~" :' cf ?1 92i'~= -. -I92 1 »-" . _;. ._ 777 92 . > 1, . B. f X _. Membership -; 92,*,§ .* ._*.""-Q5 ,. .,.__-___v' mentionedAs thein Preiace,u public estimates oi total membership. - in the N01 havebeen excessive, ranging between 70,000 and250, 000members. The secret nature d the cult makes an accurate estimate very difficult. Many casual visitorsattend variouscult gatheringsout oi curiosity; others attend - Y "; rallies t 1» and only a iew meetings. However, persons consideredto be members' . 3' are those individuals who have attended regular meetings, written their letters d application to the"Messenger atAllah, "answered therequired questions, given up their "slave" names, and received their "original" X names. These procedures willbe discussedmore fully later in this study. . _ " Even the leaders ofthe NOIitself wouldhave di iculty in ascertaining aecurate membership gures at any given time because of the emstam turnover of the membership. Between many of the individual temples and the Chicago headquarters, there is a lack oi close communication. The ministers oi the individual temples are in complete control of the members IitMn their own temples.They suspendor ezmelmembers fornumerous to Elijah Muhammad and as long as the required monetary contributions irom Twrefore, changesin the number oiactive membersare not readily appment. -7- -!-'-13:/ 0 ' I " -"AZ-_..4. - --"v. = -f -"?@_'~..{-. . . _. Another reason thefor diiiicultyin assessing true membershipis92 _ . ' ~"92' describedby a sourcewho saidthat many individuals jointhe movement'92o play saleand be on the booksjust incase that portion oi theN01 teachings~ i provetrue--about the 'WarArmageddon, od when ' Allahis going to destroy North America and allwhite mankindtogether withall blackmen whoarenm iollowers ofElijah Muhammad.Upon receiving theirX names,these members ther8921P0ninactive. become" d E A E F C. Officials,___.i_-_-1 . Elijah Muhammad Elijah Poole!is theabsolute leaderat the NO! and so-called"Messenger Allah.oi " He isdescribed by his followers and his pressas "thebravest andboldest blackman inAmerica. " While speaking beforethe 1960N01 convention,he himseli bragged: am I not trembling.I am the man.I amthe messenger.You shouldbe glad to k:nowG-odhasraiseduponeinyourmidstwhohasthatkindo!nerve."' in 19412,he ''" bedwrappedinacarpet." ?; i _ _ t - ' a - -& Q~¢_~- QQQ-1 - Q ',__1|W_r92__"_ - 'q'*- -v - ..puuu_lv-ev-- - . "" '_"" *"-"'_ ' x - . ' . . _~.92 I . n ' ' - . 4 . , . . V _ _ ._ . ' ~92 "- ' ' _ P _>.. -._;;".Ia-;¢:,--3 ~-=-=r=':r¢cg;_'_-'=-t=-;-; " __ - :_~.3_-_ __ ... ._ , .=-'. - __ : - -.-_ 3-.-._. , _ . - . .- - A _ I ~ _ _ _._ { .'. _ .-U-_ <'92; -Z. ~r-"!~ §'§|¥" -'3' .__:.92l'.v»...-, '15-. : -_92~§ ___ _ ff ;1,__'_ ._ ~92. ; f_ 1'-_¢ '._ *1? -__~_»:~;-_ _' -_ '_ _ 4 _ ,: .- 7 3 ,..g~r-, -." --V-_. ;_~ . ¢_ _; .._, _3,fS;f_._?,._ ;_ 4%,. .-__- _~_v~. ' .- - _ _ _ _ ;,__ ,_ :_ _ V_ _$.. - _ _.._ _ _ l I 4 ~ - 9- I _ ~- I; »- ~- _ Q~- _. - -~ :'i_',9_.1_~'.':*-$.12 - 4" . 1'92." '; J4! 3 ; -3 .-... .'.__;;»'_;, :',:_- 4,_,- _,. _ _ . ,- . 92 -. I-'1; '~§~"'"i; : ;-.-' "B. ->2" v=<~ 1.- Eh!-~'9» -1.». ?.'". s» - *'-w>».-"-.-.- =-. ~.£ " * - a-ya?» .:~ . ' - ' . _',- : .'-_»,- -- .- , ~ . - -J. - .F ': -V1 ;, , -, g . . - Au * 1: __- <<~,,»~>,, 1 A . . . fJ»;-£~,|. Val '. . _,_ L' ..__"_'>."::.. . _.1. . ___ j_.~ _ __, _, _ : ;_ -aw ' -_ ~ . _ _ >- 1- -.-Q "- '--., L;-. ,, .1. ' -192 if _ -o - '. '7 - -.r-11, A Q fr " 92 . .-._ 92 . .~a92<'.- Ff "1 ~.~ , _- , s L"- "' 3%? - .',2 E .f5'_'§2Q~f, ' Y §f.."==i -Z - - .92-_92.aZ£ ~ r'_ » ,, .~ , -- . -*_921'. .~<,..--- ~:. 92 , - .-1;; 1 a Elijah Muhammad, the so-cdllod "Museum: of Allah and qbsoluu _ loadn of the Nation of Islam A e £ 13 -, < Ymi p - 2 f 3 1 92 | Q». $ 1 F 92 . 4 Q-_'1, . ; _ ,__ 1- .~ . x_ v -. Elijah Muhammad and than of his ab: sons I to Right: Iallaco, Elliah Muhammad, Akbar, and Elijah. Jr. 4. ..; - L..e_~ ~ 1-.e,_._>.~..-.,.v-.--we--92>.>.-.1 » -~ » 5?»-A' v1! .. nA192d .._i4> |!>.$'vI A.."--492 . _ t _.»..,;..-.. . _. -.t.-1./W". » - >..~1_.;.-92.... _ ___ _..- ,.'¢*' O p q~ 1 =_ ny- Ix At riqhtz ' Raymond Shaniafi, A .1 -_. 1 Supreme Captain oi F01 ,4..» Below: Malcolm X Little, 1 ',_ ,_ Minister of 92~'_ J1 New York City temple, and - ' ' Elijah Muhammad - <- F553 - .- ~ -.,.- -~.._.@_-_$,.__._-. _ I - "211, V 11" '21:- _ ' ,."~":!f-¬i' ' l - 92 -.. , . "'71. I _. ->.u_.| . 92 *7 - - --1- -¢- -,_ - .--- ¢- - v _ _ _ . . _ ~ _ _ ~ '1 92 . v z ! _ . - , a §.u» ;~'.'. '__ . P. ' s - - - 1 kaymad. snai-main theSupreme - . Captainof therm: of Islam _ 4 .- s " , ' - IO!!- ~1 andfeon-in-Lav 0' ""' of IlijahMuhammad. Sharrieffin a veryforceful and domineeringleader muchfeared membersby the of N01. . 'Wallace llnhammad n. a eon isof ElijahMuhammad and " travels extensivelyl.l L1'O92i.@O t UnitedStates in fnrthernnce the oi HG! activities. Wallacehas beenconsidered many bybe to theheir apparent 2 I ,92 _,. to encceedElijah lluhammad.Wallace beenhas "freeon bondpending _. appeal"a three oi -year prisonsentence received he April, in 1960,for ;. tiling toreport forcivilian dutyata state hospital as orderedby his dnftboard.i . llaicolm X Little is theMinister MTIof Number7, New York, and actsas liaison man forElijah Muhammad.He alsotravels extensivelyN01 onbusiness. Many members that feelMalcolm X is "In eagerbeaver" in striving whoto promote himself the number into one positionin the N01. From1946 to 1952, he was imprisonedata hineeechusetteE tste pi-is-on ona breakingand enteringconviction. Frior ' i 1 tothis sentence,he hadbeen a confirmed user of marijuana. Q 0 Herbert Muhammadina eonof Elijah Muhammad has andbeen rberi s.ccom;;n.nied his fatheron his recent trip to the Middle East. "3- 92, '-. ' -- ~ ~- "4-" .1 '.:."-.- Al-" -. , . -' -_ ~ . . ' ._- --Q -- -- -L _~:~.=i.*7'-.-1'-==-.-.»_=='_r;1.:-_.-.1 - - _ ' -. a V n 0 . " ~ . " - ._. -92 _ . ;; AkhsrllulumnndisssonotIli,|ahlluhammadsndaetsas8ecretar_ fa cl rm Number 2. um also accompanied his mm on the "eat Elijah Muhammad, :1-., isssonoiBl.ijahlluhammadsnd ls_ Assistant to the Supreme Captain at the rot and Captain cl rot in am Number It can be seen that the iamily oi the "Messenger oi Allah" is well _ represented in the hierarchy oi the not. The number oi local odiicers in each temple varies according to the size oi the temple. Each oi the ministers is supposedly appointed by lli ah i lluhammad. The minister is responsible for the immctioning of his respective temple and within this temple is in complete control. According to the size cl 9 the individual temple, the minister designates assistant ministers, secretaries and investigators. Each temple also has a Captain oi the POI and the Muslim Girls Training HGT!, and each has as many lieutenants and secretaries as are needed for the particular temple. D. Fruit cl Islam POI! 1 The Fruit oi Islam is composed oi the male members within the hietic oi Islam. Each temple has its F01 nnit, which is under the leadership oi a capt Y The captain is assisted by as many lieutenants, secretaries, drill masters, and other atificers as are necessary for the pertictder temple. trict <$. !..2=>cipline is -.t.s,.k;.».;.¢ ..-12, , ,5, ,192 . .5 .. $3 4.1 I_! A .1- ,.,,.._"/'> .3 -1 .. > '92' " * ' -ii ' l - . ' ' . _ _¢_' M , - ' - . 0 . - e . :::_'_"_--".'_;';_';;';-r_:.".:.';.;:92- .. _ - .. .1 ~..r @_.-_~_rg=-;_ -,,_~.e_,.____ , ,,, 92r .-_- " * '- ' . "" '..o..3 , _ -- -' .' . - ""5* '-v.4---"- "#1 ;|:'~92,~ _~ ". t- -Q-- . ¢:..,-' ~ .3 -w'1'-.1~--:. .- I. 1 - . ! - _ --. ' . _-.-v .>-92.- ~..': =,r . a N; - <,;,'.- .3~ . - ,1' "- '__..-1 :._J. -- "~' " -- > - .. _. . "" Y" . . _ '-""*' -I so-.> "~ - I f . -In! -0 1 q. ' ' _ ,; """_ .1. ;~.*._ _'_v .__. . 92.z .. , _ - _ ._'_ - __ p . 1. > . , v tunctlonsthe ofI01are protect to officials N01 and.., ,_ . A 4 assure complianceoi memberswith NO!teachings, to and4_ .92_j_:=__ _ it. ~ r ' . ., preparethe tor "War at Armageddon. "* Recently, there hasbeen an increased emphasison physical training andjudo practicein numerous _ x . 1 temples.A source has advisedthat the so-called practice judo merelywasa way oi showingmen the howto use foul play. One POI captaintold his __ membersweretaking they not training physicalfor buttunjust reminded a '6- xithem thatthey weresoldiers. Hesaid theyshould notexpect thecotmtry v _.. p v to surrenderto um Muslims without1 ght. He mathere would be much 5 I 5 head crackingbefore isit over."A judo instructor in another temple recently zhmonstrated"arm two locks"stating "thinis how to break the white devil : ,,-m,- - The POI lnsome 0! the larger templesis dividedinto agegroups . It Instance,1'0! membersupto 16 years arein one group; those16 to 86 areis another group;and thoseover 38,in stillanother. Somesmaller A templea haveonly two groups, whilesome mclud-eallin one R. Muslim mi-1; mam; H_ -11- 92 I - -w _, ______- _ . ' 1'. >___ _ _ _ _ . ._. .. . . -- y - .- .._» 92- s- '.-rh._¢ 0 ' - . _ ' - 1;» Q e Q . . . _ . Y - ~ ;-;~ -». ' andIO! issimilarly organized.HGT membersreceive instructionsin homemak . '. " ""' e "'hygiene, callsthenics,"Muslim history,"and ~nn¢u¢n'un¢92ia¢e.'!;s:;t.'~;t Eachnor member u supposedlybound by the following prohibitions under the "Rules or Laws oi Islam": ' ' . . " Do not use lipstick or makeup ' Do not wear hair up unless wearing long dress Do not smoke or drink Do not commit adultery Do not use pork in any form _ Do not cook in aluminum utensils Do not wear heels over 1 1/ I ' Do notdance anyonewith exceione's husband Many templesalso havea Junior MGT, which is composedoi theiema members ofthe templebetween 15and 19years ofage. Prior to 1957,"these younger femalemembers on!the cultwere embodiedin s separate goup calledth General Civilization Class GCC!. ' I . University od Islam - The cultpresently operatestwo schoolsfor thechildren oiits follower Although theschools arenamed theUnivereiiiiz l*?z:u:r;1%:t°12;? 1 in Detroit net! University of Islam Number 2 in 1 If 1 fmztzre years ofage up to their lateteens. Approximately100 studentsattend theDetroi school, and about 300 attend theChicago school, -12-A -.______--- -_._._..-.v-- _; ._ , _.-_, _; -, ;=_ J7 ~~ --ie _,T' ' -~v----¢-Q-Q. _.% ~ ...- .__.__.-_. _ 5 . 1 .. . - . . I , _ _ . - _ _ _ . > . , ~ ' ' '~ .< ' -- ' . ' _K4'¥6 H W x P!"_I2 _.l_ ' H x ___ _ 9292Q?___I_m _kF_'_>_i:V __ §v ____L,$3L ,____vid _ __QY.__'___I'_~B1_ _ _____l_"vJ_J _T.>H3 ______ iT1 L _ 1 ' __'__/Q____M_ vT__.______ I_"92 w_ ____m_V___l__L_ __"_"__I1__Q_4____ _' ___IIUv._ __ I.'2,__ _W____v_"__A__ JM*_ A_92______!_A D_La"__"_vb;L___C92_;_iN____w_a M__:d*_____niv _:_ > '___'q_u,{_YJ _<._ J . tuHhwO_>7.i5 7t>M___:____,_ W _V__U___1 _ _._ ...... ..... _ ...... ,.,.. ! .• ·. . '•. .i~~ ~ -..... ' .... o-f .. .; ;..~.; ~ . . ~ I ~ •.. • ' . ·. • S"... i ~ i.. ..Cl. • •• ; ~..- .:. I-._~ .- . . 4/4.6, _ -i ;'f_d,' 1'; 5";=3~?. ~ -" _ rev :1 - Fgfz. .-. - . . x University of Islam Number 2 Cbiccxqo, is udjucom tn tin temple '_ . '»_1 Li Typzcul students of University of Islam _ ,_ .___.::H" _ _ n ~ i.'!£">i . t I , , ,,__.~;- q 'l'~ ~ . .-. The Detroitschool, overthe years,has hadconsiderable ~ D"_:» ~j7_.-§§ _' fl.:;,-. i . dit culties with local authorities. In 1984,the Detroit Board oiEducation ' -, J. _~-. _,-. - »__ -V_ - _ ,- S noted'children certain oi Negroiamilies werebeing withdrawnfrom E. F. :. the publicschools. Aninvestigation whichwas institutedby theBoard 5 revealed thatthe families involved weremembers otthiscult andthat IR the childrenmissing fromthe schoolswere attending the Universityoi E . '3 it Islam, s school whichhad beenestahlished bythe cult. An immediate {<- examination odthe school was made, and it revealed that the "curriculum, e thsteaching staff,and theequipment wereentirely inadequateto aiiord r r 4 1 even most rudimentaryeducation iorthe coloredchildren whowere attending. Notonly wasthe school inadequate, but thesubject matter ¬ which wastaught appearedto be oi a fantastic nature quiteoutside the oi life." Attempts which were made to close the school by the I enforcement ofthe" schoolattendance lawsresulted instrengthening the resistance at the cult, causing it and the school to operate in secrecy. A 5 4' $1 decision of the Board resolved to retrain from rigid eniorcement of 92 the attendance laws and to assist "in adjusting the underlying economic and socialproblems oiother Negroiamilies oi the sameclass in order that I the movementmay not spread; andto were temporarily the irritating " .-"-:<""-..Y'5 ;92.'!wi7~;- "*3 -7 ;~'.~..~'- -:It-1'? » - 1 » .1- = ->-;~'7 A """ """" 7 " §*'_2'*7"-""" ,»" 71' ? h ml 1;.--1a.-.M:;.;wt-.a;=;i;; Lu, 1-5.1. .1. ,-.::_ '-r .. -_-.5 in-...---- ~ » " ._._-.,.. _: , __»tt»...__,..._.I._ ._ ,--»<-- 4 , Z -1:= _ a '__~{iv1_uDv -> -1 . ,_ ,___ _. _.,;_ ._ , _ - 4__ _ V _ * _ _ ' -'-'92 "~ "v-'3-'92Q .':. ., as ' . t I .1 92 ., . _ '¢ . . < ~ .' V~ .___-7 ~ i - 0 i w - t rummremtmmeuiiyomrreauswm. lIlO,1_henthe_ 'V-'1 Q15. 0 I L» . i ,§:,.Dstroitschoolwasordered -.» - 7 closedl1ythelocslDepartmentdBulldlngssnd-_ - . - Engineering. City oiiicials advised there was a dedinite re hazard, usllclnseeshadbeentanghtlnonedimlylightedroomwhichhadinadeqnate exits. The colt never had obtained n permit to operate the building ss s I school. " . ~ e K. _-The Detroit school, however, is again operating. It is located in ~ xi,- s di erent building which was contracted tor by the cult supposedly onhnoney Mvanced by rzmm Muhammad. m December, 1959, an inspection oi the school, by state and school board ot cials, determined that the minimum state . requirements were being met. ' Children of N01 members are emected to attend the cult schools instead ct the "devils" orwhite men : schools. A tuition plan is in e ect , st the University oi Islam Number 2. For each iamily sending children to the 1 j school, the weekly iee is one dollar for the first child and 50 cents each ior the second, third, and fourth child. All other children irom the same family attend tree. There is an additional lee for those children using the hm operated I bytheculttotransportstudentsbotheschool. ' - , Recent pamphl t Leena by tm cult reveal that Elijah Muhammad it m the "three R's. " He constantly tenchw that "the no-celled H%?O, vim -14- / _ |. ' 92 . _ , _ ... . . - .... _ .92. . .- . . _ , _ . > - . _. ' 92 5 ! been thevictim a centuries a mis-education, needs beto re-educated_ W o_j -'-*4-'19s. J '-.~ _. .-5' hisoi rightiultheUniversitiesplace thealso ininclude sunas s Blacksuch Man." subjectsas Thsrdore, thehistory 1; d '.'- '- 2 <92 K the.B1sck Nation,the civilizations oi man, knowledge the od universe, »» inct '. Yw 7. and "allthe sciences."Some subjects,as listedin s cult pamphlet tor ~. ! ths bene t cl "advancedstudents, "are startling to nonmembers.For gt ~4: ,. 2 example, "Endingthe SpookCivilization, " "Tho Historical Display@ . SpookCivilization for 6000 Years," and "Chronological Historyfrom r 13,000 B.c. to 10ea."~- Otherexamples theol "scientific"subject 1 i matter taughtin thecult canbe found in theAppendices. 2 3 " In s televisioninterview duringthe pastyear, emister oi 1 92 ~ n the NewYorktemple describedhow childrenoi cultmembers weretaught ,. I L hatred oithe whitepeople. Thisminister said,"You cango toany small i ' nslim'and ask childhim whereis hell or who is the deviland hewouldn't r L I. nu youum hellis downin the ground orthatthe devilu something r i 5 I invisible thatyou can'tsee. He'll tell youhell is right where he hasbeen I 4 . l i wtching itand he'lltell you the one whois responsibleior himhaving i r r received thishell is the del. " The devil is the whiteman tomembers 5 % 1 dz thecult. -rm: is the type oi education whichthe childrena cult & ~L'JI3_§QCl5dto in N01 ochoole. I Ccmventioo brochure, The ;, undated! i "Islam onthe March,16-page M!!pamphlet nopublisher ordate shown! 92 ' *._r 4 1 I ' ' ' > .. - .. _s .'.- - . A Inadditlontothetwouniversitiesoltheenlt, someotthelarger I . 53'-3 -- ' temples alsoconduct adulteducation; programs.During theSpring 1059,el . =._.- t ,-_ I '1'the NewYork templeadult education program listed coursesin the lollowingz penmanship, properfood preparation,spelling, learningand reading, greatBlack Man'shistory, physics without mathematics,and forth. G. Qnsinefss Enterprises - Elijah Muhammad preachesthat his followers mustconstantly strive for theuni cation ofthe so-calledNegroes, underhis leadership,to achieve complete economicindependence £1-omthe white man. Thus,he hasencourage them to operate businessenterprises has and urged alloi his followerstrad< to exclusively thesest placesof business.Host od the enterprises utilisethe nameoi the temple intheir titles,ior example,Temple Number2 Restaurant, Temple Number2 Grocery and Market,and soiorth. . As edthe Springof 1960,the businessenterprises andproperty d the templein Chicago included thetemple buildingand school,valued inexces: oi $250, 000; thehome oiElijah Muhammad;a bakery; n dress shop, acleaner and laundry",a grocery store; arestaurant; barbera shop;several apartment building; andn 169-sore Atltheough othertemples d ,_ j~;1,...». .s :..A~">" v;"4I~ wv,-'7 /w ..92:'a92 ;».~ _ , e » s ,5 , . - 7 .",v..,.t_,,:_V_5 ,__,..,>,,_,_;~_- L~,_ If : ,7:"J~492<~>- .._,!_,._-. ;_ 1. r. /fwy,- ~ :,~,:,; ,_F ,- 1 ifI.Vs] ;;.~ ,_j 4 , . , t. _».t~-y _. -, -,t__._»,.,_._, x._;__,n.;, _,_;_ ,. _>l-.1,pm ,:,,_4»,W1, _.,, .,_._, at .n.,._, _ -., mve businesseswhich ere operated forthe benefitoi the l*@L -1Q- - ~IJIQ-vj - , . ,92 I ,,. _ _ ' - ' - -- s- '_7 4 ~ - .~»... _~»_~ ~v~~;4>,. P * Q- .p.., ~ .4. ; ,=_. 1 ! ." -.l~ " ~' _ , '§ .;. .'. - ._,....-;. .- .. . V -_ _._-..».-..-¢...-I_.92..§-1....-4.-_.¢..~.4:..~.~_»-~ .;'..._..-.-..~~.,;~_,l.;.-..;=..'.- »- .92 --..,-. ..~ .,__...... _.. ,. _.._. . ».a.92»~.-..-¢»_,-:,.-,.4..»A.92.;.._,_v -". . ' '"'' . . , _._,_" ', Viv- ,-; ;,_»_»,,,___,' . , ,_.,_,____ ' "" __ .. _..1 . 4- . . .41.; . ,-». - -> ,~ . .~~._ -_ _. . ¢. Tc 11 I. ! _ . Y 92 . 12 4. ' :¢. 3' El -1 i 44':-F .-~_ . ta; ,¢92_1 .. ;._'.;=, _< ;g ; 5: . ~ "".._, " ., ' -- 3 i n ~_ .. - -21, a , $ Fr _ Q 4 l }_ .. _ 4- k-.Z ¢Q4' ' i ~ Q»-.#~.-~~ = r-~.._ A. Q--&- -. Era_1 ' _ 4:; .' s;.. - . ..~._1 3,! fr: ' 1 2 . c. : "':t i -5 : §92 -a _ '~ ! r - - _. 3 - -1-: I4" T1802! ° IAIIIY _ '._Q_ - u .-u. " ' ... . a¢¢ -Q30 P .' , i $5 __-. ..,r§_~_-v-ow nr L....- -' ' .-P'..5'.»~.'.'.'1 .", vi-' " - 1 ,- ' ' "05v_>- J 92 I __ -1|-n Q! _ #7-'.92',£<"~v - 1" '5 .0» 1 _m.!rI » s ~ ~ ._J ~ 92 x .. "1 1 V _ J .< _. Q "-1., . . 7-. 4 y:. ' v . - , . W ~ 4 |_ 51 , 1 -- ""0--; - - ' 1 A i v _ i I O 4 _* if~i IR ' . .1 3'5, .':a~!_~L ,4 ._, 'aw 1 nu 1_ ". 21$ . ,." 1! . 92 /92, ~.4,' W _ 1 u I - 1 x ¬ >2 x 3 '5 J Z 92 »' kd 92 r ¢ ." v 92 . . 11> nI ii-: . 1. ;-~ n I #%':~.»~ 1' 5;-Q Bllloh Muhammad m up 1959 mm: Chlccw ¢ 1 a 1 Q Jr 92. . ..,-~ " - :'. l A a D3108. _' Dq the annual convention d tho cult at Chicago in February, - ; " -;s .'~"'<- 1960, 0, specie! closed meeting wan held for leaders 11-om the variom _ temples. -Tbelc leaders were ordered to start their own businesses in '' their respective cities and were advised to contact businessmen in their own localities for assistance. Muhammad is currently placing the economic independence 0! bis loilowera foremost in importance, and he demands that , _, ,. all temples immediately concentrate on establishing businesses of their -t; own. 4 t 5 -17- I ¢ . _: - _m __ J-I-1 _ . ., ,_ _ . -. _....'...-.. s-. .'- .-..- ' . . 1 .s_ _ -. ...._..-» e, __,.i.~.-...._.vn.... ,. -- ...-.._..-._1.---i-us--.-._.._.,-4.1--.;'..-. ,. .. . - ,___-,i._.».-...... J.....,i.s.l..»:.,92- =--C. . . ~ - .. ." 4. n. ;_ H ______> ,- ~ ' "'r "~- "--92~ -- I-_.92n~qn,.:.s-:.92;:~alx4-an-.1, ~ F .1 fl '_. . - . __ _ - : _ v V, n s ':":'~'.'¥;"!"-'0» .. _ __ -.~ Z-_-' _ u,r.. - . I ,..~ " . -, , , . '-..-. __ ~ -. _ '" - .-. %" Q! --I, 4 -_,P___. ."_'.. __:--__ ,7: __' . :F&" .92-.. - -_~' -.>_ t ,. » :1.- i; ~=;*-'1. l."-"-"PV 1.' ;_-,. 3? ' m. couvmmous,up »nuls'rs~g 6 ix -yg -'*'.- w 1; ' - ' T. 1- a "'7l;¥7é-F O Bee 'J, ~ ¢ment Conventions . - _,_ __ .., lachyearontebruaryandnsnallyioradayortwobeioreor 26, after the26th, theNO! holdsits conventionChicago. in Theterm "convention? appliedwhen theseto meetings,is amisnomer. Althoughmany members from temples throughoutthe country attend theseconventions, theyit not actas delegates irom their areas; they transactno businessand haveno vr Instead, conventionthe merely is group a oi sessionsat which the various IQ} ministers shouttheir praises for the"Messenger Allah, of Elijah" Oneafter another, these ministerstake therostrum toenlogine andextol j lluhammad. inaddition, severaltimes duringthe convention,Muhammad spy to deliverlong andverbose messages,emphasizing mainlyhatred forthe whis racesndhisclaimoithe superioritydthe"blackpeopls."Bealsonsesths opportunityrepeat to hislstroogpleas formore andgreater contributionsto _t1 increasing numberd projects he constantlyproposes his in effortsto buildh power. The mostrecent conventionwas held at theChicago Coliseumiron February 36to Z8,IMO. Thenewspapers whichusually carryitems on thei et this convention was to be his ea Ran,i w - iinpressionshis oi recentalleged tripto Mecca.However, lime was si 0: wbthssaw, otherthanhisclaimthatbesawssigno92itsldethecityo 3l9¢<1 which warned nonheiieversenter towith the riskoi their headl-U11! -18- ' .92 92 __... :5 I-'u. - ' - . ' 92 1 1 ..:_ - -8 ~ .,~ __ _ 41 _ , _ ' ,0 . _! . A _ ..- _._ 7. _ t. _._ _ ___ . - '_ _1-' ,., .vy. '-92'%_I~-alt he to impresshis followersby describing the warmreception _, he _ . . . ~- -, ua i- Livialrom thosem authority at every pm» hemam. Be claimed thethedidnothavetoannouncewho hewas,asthey hadalreadyheardoi hinsndknewailabonthim; thsthewasoiieredahomeinlgypt; andttnt he andhis followerswere welcomethere at any time. ~ During theseconventions, theN01 missesno opportunityto extract I a profitirom memberswho attendirom temples out oithe Chicagoarea. , vv During the1959 convention,visiting memberswere requiredto register f I at theUniversity oiIslam andto pay a $6.00 registration tee. They were ' .2 to contribute$5.00 per dayto the Housing Committeeat the Universityat Islam, which in turn foundlodging forthe members.They also wereexpected to attend a bazaarheld inconnection withthe convention, I I were expectedto eat their meals at theN01 cafeteria,were expectedto have their cars serviced in the NO! prage and service station, and were expectedto visitand make purchasesat the N01 bakeryand grocery. 0 l B. Bazaars . In connection withthe annualconventionn, theChicago temple I olthel®ialeohoi&abnzaar, thel960onebeingcai1edthe"Unity " mi Qhtcngpo texnple required to purchase a certain number oat tickets to the bazaar, which they were expected to resell i -19- ' :, - -~ ~, _ _ ,-,-, HI. I _ -- - ~_ , -11- -. >51-,_ _.-~, - - , , <'j> . ,_ _ . - 00 each.Bachmember F01required wasbuy40 to_ I I01 "° 92. -.";. memberand 20, badthese be to paidtor theby memberswhethernot ortheywere able7 =5resell to all. them -_ ' _.i'i§-'§.:.-' The bazaarconsisteddisplays oithe oivarious Chicago calteowned businesses, wellthose as as other oi ChicagoNegro-operated Sales businesses. wereirom madeexhibits the craitwork, oi clothing, furniture, andappliances, ioods,the with pro tsbeing betweensharedexhibitors thethe andROI. 7 . x {M1 . a C Afterbazaar, the was it revealedthat nonmember exhibitors complaint -1* that thougheven had they rentedspace their exhibits, Ior they their helpersand » 2~~. ! R were requiredto paythe 00 admission$1. chargeenter tobazaar. the cult The refusedallot space toto anycompany which inpeople whiteemployed. were Om recordthat shop rentedhad was space allowedto sellonly records oi Negroarti '5 Throughoutyear, other templesthe often bazaarshold their in own 4 localitiesa means asd raising additional tor money the101. 2. 5. C. ffeasts" and Rallies_ 5 Manythe of larger NOI templeshold annual"feasts" rallies or which F are attendedby membersI1-om surrounding the Elijah temples. Muhammadsp< F a 1 at manyoi these"ieasts"; whenhowever,is unableheto appear,his placeisti hie noneor oneor! morethe prominentministere. d theTwpmwt publicizedoiuring "feasts"year the piece E3., £3. New York City. - 20 - a _r*__ " _ It, 1,"° s -- _ , R _ . .7H _ _ _ ,_A _' - < 1' ~ .. ». ~'~ 7 7 J" * » -v?*; ;92. 9-" --_:- ~'1.§--».'-'- em-~ ~,,'='-.r . __~_ ..,-_;.__.-_, - ~' . ' . L-1-' .- _, 1' * ' _ T J "" . ' . . - "~_:.-:-:-.- -.4 -.. -_ ...;..=- -"--~-'- _. ,, -.'_ . 1» _» "- - >_~_, . A , .. . » ¢ . _ ' _='T.. r_;;-. _-_ ; :A~ -r.--= 7; '. -:1-as-~ _- ,,-.,. " , 1 . 5 ai, , ._ - ¬_ ~ ,,_ f -. _ _ .__ 0 _ . -V. » ,2 Cpl - j:._" J.>-92d.'f _'J!.'f;_-; -A .,_ __ _. _~;_ * ______ ' > V. __ ~. ,-v _.- .5, ,.. _.-_r I . - 1.: _,> _ - *' - 1;" ~>-*" JP - _'-.._ ,_..,_ - .. - ~ - I . ~_. ! - - V. _ . _ i Y . _ V . _ . __ . _ lay Si, approximately 5,000° members and visitors gathered ,5; _ hr 1 '-spmmi Feast" u mm Arena in wumngwn, n. c. Among 1- -1- - ". :6 those attenrhnce in were ministers and captains representing 25 N0! temples. Automobiles and more than 30 chartered buses were used to transport members from Boston, Newark, New York, Norfolk, the Carolinas, and other areas. Muhammad spoke tor over three hours in his usual violent, antiwhite manner. He called for complete segregation oi the white ' 51. v< e asdhlsck races and reiterated his desire that the Federal Government 1 9 furnish the Nation of Islam several states in orderthatit could set up its 92i ownnation. Upon completion oi the service at Uline Arem, approximately 2,000of the members moved to a rented mu, where they partook oi s cafeteria-type meal. 0 i . L rally which was held at St. Nicholas Arena iii New York City G1 p i hi! I completely tilled the arena and forced many of the estimated 9, 000 to 10,000persons attendingths a air to stand onthe streets outside the arena. t I Eliiah Muhammad declared he was anxious to speak out in defense of the NO! in orderto counteract the charges made earlier ln the month on a New York 9 television show which charged him with preaching hate. Muhammad claimed he was Emt preaching hate but was telling the truth to his followers when he "R - . Newspapers which normally carry N0! news erroneously. claim the attenchnce . was 10,000 persons. _ -.~ ~ -1-9*. ._...-,-a,-._y-. ->. - » ~~- '~ ~ ,-»-_~ -- -*.'-.'-.= .~"'< ..__. I _ f -- '- , . -.¢.*_,~ . -, , * ~ -, - ~ ~'-'-A-'-**~ ~.".<.=.-w-1-'.-.=".*- '. ' . =.' " . I I 92 I _ O> - I . ".'-,,92., »- __All 1.. - cl theconventions, ' rallies, bazaars, "£ea|ts'f' and . _._ _ , ,1-.- utilisedy are f;,_p_" 'Muhammad by onlyraise nuto funds,but alsoto an-ac: public- -~ . . .- to . 4 <4- the N01and toenhance personalhis appealto the uneducated massesd Negro people. - ~ _ During July,19K!, lluhammadbecame verymuch concernedover many recentaccusations appearingin thepublic press,both Negroand white, statingthe NO!was a "Black Ku Klux Klan. Inhis attemptto 2 1».-92 placate pressthe andobtain more"favorable publicity," Muhammad 3*-1t announceda new policy oiallowing white,persons beto admittedto public ' N01 rallies. Thisnew policy,however, stilldid notpermit whitepersons ¬ ? to enterthe regular,routine templemeetings. _ The rst"open" rally held at theChicago Coliseumon July I4, as onemember ofthe press reported, was attendedby only"a mere handiul" ofwhite persons.The followingweek atNew YorkCity, » * | Muhammadspoke another at "open"rally which was attendedby only ,,. 1 ~ about ten"white persons. The apparenttact thatMuhammad : early eiiorts *:.*ithtats new policy have not measurablyimproved hispopularity with thepress isshown by one reporter'sconcluding statement: Sensing I that themessenger Allsh, or! whomid beenspeaking foran mar,was just .,_' ' '~' ..,-.,-, > 2%. ,-_*>>': '1. I »¬" 1 »»._!~. -4; ~>~*~- ' ,.»3;;' " '" "? " »- *2 ? ~' 924>r'k>» .~4i_/F"; .;.=,...;l»;;.;;J:2:;i¢I::.,;:,,;AA IVe ' I , ' i -33- ..-.t,-.t',-._..-,.,ti.t,_...... lt_' . .. »..t» ...... » a 92/V .. ,.L~ .1.-.-.-.. _ i tie . ! fa -__, r - _'__, . 5} xv. gnumcss mm numnmo rnoenn; "_ ,: ix _. ., V ~ 4.4 A. Funds ' Puillc statements oi NM oi cials, as well as information set iorth in numerom so: publications, declare um the funds needed by the not to ....,-_ vi . maintain the "Messenger," his family, and the ministers and to rent and "R .1 operate temple properties stem mainly from the contributions oi the - J 3 members. These contributions have been augmented by various activities § oi the members to raise additional funds; namely, the sale oi newspapers, i the operation oi various business enterprises of the individual temples, 1 andnumerous bazaars and "tents" held by N01 members. The collection of members donations to the numerous funds or treasuries at the various temples appears to be one oi the most T ¥ important functims oi the many meetings which all members are I required to attend. Considerable time at each meeting is also taken up by the temple officers in their eiiorts to encourage and stimulate greater donations ix-om the members in attendance. X I _ One leader irom among the American iollowers oi the orthodox _ 1 1 Islamic teachings has revealed that heconsiders §lijah Muhammad to be i ..*.'r t.. .v. ,,, _.i ,. 1, .. t .» V .. /F- z . .~ 91.7 . W , K" ~. -8" - 2, , , L . .. g - I U it 1., J38 92 podzetbodas & the noneducated and ignorant Regen people for ii;12T'.2.;;¥; gain oi Elijah Huhammad and his henchmen." C . I ' .., _ t _ ! t ,!_'.,. 92 he, ' 'r92__--- : '5" .1! F 3»:-1 ~. 2!; Z Recent incidentsreveal N01 thinking the on importance nancial I . -- 0 -. _ .r.. ' ' " L ": ~.' 1 P 11.. 2 . 3 ,>¢; matters: An1lG _l captainwashavinztroublewithamemherwhowastoo - inquisitivewhere aboutof all the money when went everyone donated toinquired alloi the oi Elijahcauses hluhammad drives andthey soto what oftenshe as ind.shouldThedo. HGT liuhammadcaptain advisedto her dismiss anyone ask whoed stitoo man apeona. - ITI Number2 members were advisedthat memberno shouldhave a shouldbankaccount given be the that temple toand allexcess in order to money spreadownedthe word bythe members Islam 0! Q . and-to helpin thepurchase new oi buildings.Also, they were. -Ig advisedthey that should obtain loansto meettheir nnancial. ' obligationsthe to temple. While urgingall members to contribute to the next annualconventim the SupremeCaptain the oi F01 toldthose present tint theycould sacrificethe for temple and the let "whitedevil" downit theywere payinga car foror forfurniture; thatitwasall righttotel1the. wb devil" anylie. ~ - An F01captain his told members that Elijah Muhammadnot didwar memberscould not who donate, " sh" bring prospective in memhe or sellpapers. said Hetrue a followeroi Muhammad must donate heavilyhelp to mvvorithe temple-it A templeminister a sent letterto all members oi histemple advll in part:"Work cheerfully,havetear, andno do notbe atraldto escritice.ii tnhes ilinence advance; to other in words,it takeshrs to getahead, ii and youwant go to makeprogrese!, to dough. Don'tbe nirnidto give; Allah is ever awareoithose who spend in thecause oi truth. Give,Give, W% it hurts." Q T One mustwonder the at abilityoi the iollowers oi the "Meewer, e. -». i, . ,. V ., , - /. .-1-V __. V». e, W 1v ' - V> , ~ W., » , . . » _ . . .., ,_ ,5 , ,,-,. ._~_ 1 iunfi oftm tempiee. Live H.- -Q-/-_;.~u» IIEHEITNLS Q u Z "' WII_IQfIUqnqq. I .A '- '. v 7'*' ''7 J- ~_ e a --- I. _. r . - _ . . lo ~¢ :~_ _._;_f; y;_§-f 3;P,j;_g_.';:~2_.-§'_-¢';_§ :?.7;:_~'_f%g?J_-.-~__ -_ _ . , _ __ »-,._ ___ - . ,1 , ,.__,,_.,.;.s_92_-I... 92J . . , = - - - is. ' » I - _ __ _ f__ } _ making iacilitiesand conductingnearly alliinancial transactionsin cash, a lttle is known on these matters. However, the steady growth oi the cult reveals they have had certain success in obtaining the necessary funds. One oi the most unusual methods oi collecting funds from cult members was used in the New York temple during the Summer oi 1959. < At an POI meeting, the members were weighed, and thoseconsidered 1 t overweight wereassessed onepenny ioreach poundthey wereoverweight. 1 The names oi the hmds to which donations are made di er somewhat i among the various temples. As a result, there is general contusion among the members as to the uses oi the numerous ixmds, but the following are some oi these funds to which members must contribute: . 1. funds Which Are Sent to National lieadquarters Number 2 Poor Treasury and the Central Point Fund--These are two , separate funds to which members oi the dliierent temples donate s varying amounts. The monies are completely under the control of Ilijah Muhammad to dispose of as he sees t. p 1 8&V1OI"B ourDay Fund--This is anannual mathrough whichthe 3 V $ 1 < - .~ ¢_ kg ~ . . t ./ ~§ < K» r_~,'V~~_§;._ ' ;.1_t e.*.=1,*:,¢_. -i1'~?92';" 54 ~.. .1 ~ r ~'T _ _:: , it :~'_-" i , ~ L_ vT¬J:" w l'=~' -35- 0 " - O I " " --- -.-».n..~_=,~ ,._ ,,_____»__4 _ ,_ I , ... , _.u H ,.H_92:!___HM V w .__._-. _l .. Y ' ..p;. P- - . ~- '. _ -"""'92' Y" 9292 '.v.. .--_ U . ,'T i . ;,»,{.r. durinlAnnual Convention the each yes:on Iebrm-1 ! I, - -_-_. ,3 birthd ythe oi iounder oi theN01, D. W. Ind. - 1%¢- _: Laborers ma--re Travelrm, um mmnmed u rm I-nu:Q, an J n 4 temple: turnilhmoney that sos leader,usually solid s tiij l een nriouetemples in order to Muhammad,can act an 1 courierbetw l transmit endmessages money£1-omtemples theseChicll . to The ? I ' l 1 F 1 purpoeeto iuninh theseis withcouriers tomoney niioithemho trove I . ~ V, ? _;._.,__ 4 independently--without employment._ . , _ _ I- latione Fund--Thisfund is to collectmoney in order that Iiihll v Public Re I his iollowersmight some at iuturedate etnrtsnewt? Muhammadoi theirown. Atand present,oi somethemoney in this hmd emu» is 5 mzintnd-nwith newspapers relationsiriendiy to theN01, as ouch the i ' . ro newspapers,the LooAngelee Herald-Diegghml the ~ weekly Neg * 924~<>.. 5 r »_'._,, , | I Nev JerseyHerald News. ii Eosqueor Humber Fund2 Lend Fund-'- Hie wntainleolleo ml the nd r ! , . the varioustemples; are which usedto makepayments on the to T needinbuildingthepropoeedl -million-obiinrqmeationlleuitersn r~@m:@=;.. k.§@. QJ. , 92;y .. ; y 5." Elijahmmmmd nné his mmily. _- -1" .#.# -4»;2- n-* t_ 92 V '_ *' ~/"av. - -. V, 92 _ av -Ir. I ~ ~' ~ <2 . >.'- e . ~-*.- . 1: .- '. . he 11-. ' ¢ __" " ~_._.v - ,. I?"., .b~_¢.- >3; '1- ~~=-y-.__,'., _-- __-;._1. _--. -_ _ pr». lwI '~' Q §" t_._,92..4._ L___:J__ :;§;7_;_*_._92_A_ ;_~_:<. ___..- -4-_. ,,--4-a92 .792'.'_ 92 ,_ _-_ ,-< .92 _:, f_. !I'<,>_¬-.~§. > -*7- F4! £- n -» _':': .-I--.-.= ~= .>'.I~-"-- ' - ~ - -.r,'I ', ."-':.>- '--"'1,e¢ 3' 4 -7 .1»,-} §§:?."" -~-» 'F .;r*-. - ~- ' . ._, -~ _ _ ., t I _c__ _, r**r~ ' ,. - ~ - !_,~~,--¢__ v- - I X I .. ~ . 5! I. Quads jhich areKept forQue atthe localTenl>le_s_ _ , _ The fundscollected bythe individualtemples varyconsiderably . in numberand purpose.The followinglist sets forth some d the funds collected for local use: General Treasury Farm hind New Temple Fund F01 Treasurer t Minister- s Trip Fund F01 Captain Fund V Insurance Fund HGT Captain Fund E Equipment Fund School Fund Minister's Treasury Bus Maintenance E Temple Rent Bummer CanningFund i . Minister's Rent B. lfroposed Centerin Chicago During theFebruary, 1958,N01 Conventionat Chicago,El ah Muhammad rstpublicly announcedhis plansfor thebuilding oian educational, industrial, andreligious center.The centerwas tocontain amosque temple!, a university,and otherbuildings oimost modern architecture. Muhammad i said hewould need approximately threeand one-hallmillion dollars.Be ' included thisproposed centeras a part oi his "Blueprint for the Black menin 1 America. " A1: the 1959 N01 Convention, Muhammad again mode .2. strong ,- _ ,.. ~~!,>,! .-.:.z ,1 P" W :Bgx-.»,».,: .1 ItF. 1:. Lt:>e u.l .3.5_.-Ixx 7;. ._ lg, i.-Lia. m- ii y»¬f'...llTl . -P *1 _ uii»._,. 1&1». ,~ ;..-.5, ..,,,». /K 92 ,_, .. L». , .,,. 1. , ; .7L~ _,,_ .2, ., -. ;-. '¢/ '1 t.... ._. . .- , , V. ~-_~~»;.%.'. .- bullt at 85th and South Park Avenue in Chicago. By this time, the nmotmt - . . ~7 ,5 J e - _"J"_-E : - ~<~ ~1'=:;~. ' i - if r1» . -37- C - . ~ _~ _ _ ~-_-_ Av. . - -92 923 ~ ' -.~. 2* -<:r- - '3,.,.-... -/; . -;,§_,5-_,;'__|:;.e>t.>_.. -vv»~ '1 -' I-.*<-L»_~>;;:*=*_* &:.,_,:!I=.'.'c-l W-=-#'.~.?; ":'-=' ~ -,.-~ '~ -~ --~ . V . .1..."-.'. 92,_'...1».....2..._un2.r._~¢.._a~<--.-a.~.¢..x-a-..~.1 V .» > ...... ,.c...... ' '~ . » , -t t ~ I ._~-.- ,~<_¢_...... '..._-,~...-..._ ...T.,_._,,_, ___ ,__ ___ ' _ - '_' """e~-..--.._. - ,, __ _ E ,__ .. _- ...._ _ __,--.... .-...-_,,.._a~.,- - '. " ~41 -"-1-.* I'!"?- it- ¬. . '< _ ....._ l . I Z I I _ i 1 1.. y-. . "!'~ ->0 he requested had considerably increased. Persons attending the _ L. were given pamphlets containing a personal message irom nhammld, 4-» 1- prt, I 1" 1 ~. . .1» are now looking forward to mun i Community cum. In the pin mt k. ! 1 Z or! building this monument ior all oi us in America, $30,000,000 is nO0D ~" The I I pamphlet described the mosque, educational institute, library, and hospital whicl 1 i . i will be included in the new center, along with restaurants and shops. .i Just recently, an article written by Muhammad stated that the land {Or the new center has now been purchased. He also stated that at the none! being collected toward the center will be used to purchase tarm land, modern 92 §;. k to further the economicindependence oi cult members A equipment, and Livestoc 3 I 3 - I in the Chicago area. . . __ 0 > » C. Proposed New Temple Building in Washingtoi-1_, D. C. V 1 i t K 1 The Washington, D. C., temple oi the N01 has purchased land and B: |1 92 built up aconsiderable fund for building a new temple. Xn April, 1960, nctml 1 . . construction began on this building, which is emected to cost about $100,000. t I The ministero:i!lTINumber ihas saidthiswouldbetheiirstnewtemple ever I built by the N01 in the United Statee. All other texnplee new in are old 1Q i 1. t ~ h - * I 1 _ .0 : v - Li" e in l :?5¬3 . s LI . ' it " r . _ , . e . . x'4_.. - _ 1,. ' _ must be paid back;therefore, each member was expected to oontribtte $i.00 p i-.~ monthtorepaytheloan. G - an- Cannon uqlllllllb ' IIOSOU! Z PO$P92ul S IO092 4 lllhlv I 5 '1-._ '_1 I//' 1.. ;!qi /r ,_/_.L.'.-:- Q- . _ IQ. _ . ___,,_,,,.- ,._, > "' . ~| . .. - _ . _ . _ >. _ __ _ _A H _ H _ > _ __ __ ,___,___,,______,, _,__,,,.-_._H._A.___,,_..._,._..,;;»;.a;»=-<~»>~:--~-~-»:.-M-~¢»-» -~ - - . . , . _ ' f .4 _ : .... "1 . - . = _ - -»._< _v_ _. _ - _ _i?';92,.;.~t,'- .. :. '17 ?7,n_;_.v ~'."r. . -"- I -7. _ _. -. ,, .0 ¥ . . _ .1 - Y _-_ . '_ I~'-is ' " . . v1,- ~a~ ¢. r ' > .Z;_;1 , _.- - _ .. n§' 7*?-. "Z '~, - I _. . .--0-. >-I _ T. i r.__:7 * " - -~ ._ _ ...... _/._.., |_...... / .. ._ __ ,_,_,....-_. ,_ ..~ . _...... ,._,.,...... ~_.__.... :,__-_-h_; , ,~"|_-___-_' ' _,_' - M ;.1..-I2 ;- ,i _,.;.- ¢-- |.'|'|'q» "4 - I .~_- - ':"" > Q <- I .0 v. rusucrrr also nscaunusmfor usmssns _ L Pnbllcitl Elijah Muhammadhas notoverlooked theimportance d publicity in hispromotion oi the N01. During theSummer l957, or!the N01 iormeda i lhhlic RelationsCommittee. The4 3duties oithis committeehave beento hndle presireleases,advertising, adviceto ministers cl local temples, .. . Y .-. .. 0 the preparationand distributionoi educational material. Manyindividual T ' 1 temples alsohave their own Public RelationsCommittees. ~ ~ An article in a recent NOI pamphlet,published bythe minister cl the Newyorktemple, cnntainsan articleentitled "ThePower ofthe Press.. . . l The Penis MightierThan theSword!" Excerpts_!rom thisarticle reveal the importancebeing placedupon theNegro pressby theN01: - . "The Pen Is Mightier Than The Sword. The weaponyou s should be able to rely upon most is the Negro Press. Therefore, youwould bewise to keep itin good condition: 1 strong, well-loaded, independent andready. " l . i ! ". . .'!'heNegro Press is our only mediumof voicingthe I - true plight ofour oppressedpeople to the world." l'92 :1 r s 92.- > H $i" . 1 . 5&3.1~. ~~ ._»:'_ _..'4 '.; .' ' '. . >5 . .4'--i. .:~ ;. 5* ~92t_~>¢,.;92 ~ 1 1 _'~ " vi »'é~" '>v?- -I "'i_-1 ~ V , ' _. ~_' -. ,~._ ._ _..~_> ,.. 0 .39- - - ~ " c . --4 - P:'*;;-- . ._ . .-" _ ~ V, -,._,-I =' ¢ " I ..',-'-_92! -F, Jv-. -.~ . "- ' ~ -e-' ' .-'-_.. -. . 2;. .§.::",1=-.-.§.; -k; ;.,.~_,. "_._,~.;'*..';§*'~X._...... ;ear"$ " 7 ,..- -'s"~.~;- = - -.-~ - ~= - < = i » ;."- -. -L 1-"-". ? :~.,.~f_-'1"'£' la. P 7 :*5 9?" .-#14. 1 * 3=.-'~.-.92;,.*"" -'.'-§.v'{f- r:?5$- fr;;1- 2' r92 _. " ~ ~ :-_' - ---- @-.-.z~=.¥*: .'.'~ :-'1:. --»;.-'..~.=3,.». ~- . "-;.*r_-"§_5'1 .*$'§ .- *.~e-*" . . . - -- .------~~- ;:»-_¢--»-- -_- - - _----~~_,~-- ' . if ! - "Examine eachoi the diiierent Negro papers, thensupport the oneyou iindto be the mostfearless, uncompromising,ud 5 outspoken in behalf oi our downtrodden peopled 2 "The Pen ls llightier Tlnn the Bword. The best way for those I who are interested in The Liessenger'steachings and his program, to keep up to date, and get the beat understanding is by subscribing to the. ..papers."* The pamphletfrom which the abovequotation wastaken describedlonr Negro newspaperswhich then carried items on the MJI and/or articles written by -x Elijah Muhammad. The mostprominently mentionednewspaper wasthe Pittsburgh Courie1-1-1- in which the "Messenger's"column entitled "Mr. Muhammad Speaks, "appeared regularly from June, 1956, until August, 1959. A brief explanation of the technig oi the N01 concerning the use oi this paper will reveal how Negro newspapers are need, not only as a means oi recruiting members, but also as a means oi raising additional funds for the N01. ~ 1 . l ttsburgh Courier ___-__.¬_,____..______-_--. This Negro newspaper, established in 1910, is published weekly in several editions for zarious cities and areas throughout the whole country. The 92,._- .,.we w.»*XaTi;f 92,.. _,2 ..my5, Fr qr. ,1, ,,.,21_,.'.i =_, -,,!: . .,_"» ii er ix . hi: ¬. , t.1;,...:,, Q.a ._, ts; _; ... 1&1; . ,._ :i..:..a!L::. . P ,1. =1 rm"..-35;.6.l.%;'*: if @j.»<_.; r ,.. . I - , .1." .» L The* Messenger Magazine,_ I ».. Vol. 1, Ho. 1, 1959, page 2-0. "2 -5r;__ . ~ w w A ' ' '.92 , . .7 " ' - » - '-.: '-> _T-___~'.'c:2'~; =.-."'!'4i.-§éZ'!' l -D ~,;. _- _ __ - > 1- E. .. h Jme,use, whenthe Courier um started mm; nun E1 Q2;-:_- " 'v - w . er z.,.3 av» ., . Muhammad'scolumn, the managementthe oi paper realised thiscolumn would controversialbe thought but thatit might create readerinterest. ' ~.1.] 3 In addition,Elijah Muhammadguaranteed owner the theof newspaperthat 3 he wouldrequire allmembers his or! organization to become salesmen of the_.._.__1'»_ Couriewhich wouldincrease circulation its several by thousandsat _ copiesweek. each Therewasa sizable increase circulation in after soon92.u the columnbegan.This was accomplisheda result oias all N01 membersitI being forced to buya certain number copies at eachweek. Themembers l ;.~ were then supposed getto theirmoney backby resellingthe papers. i l Subsequent changesin thefinancial arrangementsbetween Muhammadand I 5 the managementoi thepaper wereworked out,all oi which increased the Z s 8 income theof N01.By early1958, theNO! wasreportedly subscribingto i r 1 100,000 copiesweekly andreceiving a commission of from $500 $625 toper 92 I month plus an additionaltwo centsper copyfor salesover a certain number. - This arrangement provedbeneficial to both partiesuntil the N01 began to use "pressuretactics" iniurther attemptsto get higher commissions. The N01attempted thisby suddenlycuttingtheir subscriptions from 100,000 L to 12,$30 copiesWeekly. Becausethis wouldhave provedruinous to 3. I -' l paper.wasin poorwhich linanciai the condition, Courierwasto forced ggrQQ '» .-. , .,-. ___ _ "0 _ yfw A to highercommissions. time As wenton, thediiiiculties continusd- lter Qny I001 templestailed topay iortheir papersand theN01 madedemands more lor and morespace eachin issue,the papercancelled lluhammad'scolumn in August, 1959.Thereupon, members NO! immediatelystopped sellingthe Courier, and wereordered toconcentrate selling on thelios Angeles erald-Disggh, l; which themembers manyof templeshad alreadybeen sellingalong with the Couri é i . 2. hos §_n_geles gegd-Disggh . 3,1 I 92 ~1< l This Negroweekly newspaperwas establishedin 1952 and hass circulation approximatelyof 000 30, copies.The publisherand hiswile, who acts aseditor, areboth N01members. BinceOctober, 1958,a staii writer, also anN01 member,has writtena column in supportd theN01. Forapproxima six monthsduring thelatter partoi 1957and early1958, andregularly since January, 1959,issues thisoi paperhave carriedElijah Muhammad scolumn. n. . .,_ v Every oneoi Muhammad scolumns closeswith: "Hurryand joinonto yourown kind. Thetime ofthis worldis at band. Writeto: Muhammad !Temple i F I Number 2,5335 SouthGreenwood Avenue,Chicago 15,Illinois." Elijah lduhamrzc § i and hisfollowers havebeen moresuccessful controllingin thispaper thanthey f were the§93_r_i_e_i_ . the Botheditorand hiswiie havevisited Muhammadin Chlcag tn become representativesvarious in sectionsoi the country. _.g;;, - " ?iL. ~ 3- -Q .--1". >"'1. *-92f*;"» 5Bince'the19, 1960, Hayissue ofpaper, theword "mosque"has replaced"templ in liuhammad scolumn. However,other papersreprinting Muhammad'scolumn continue touse "temple." _ ' . 92," Q - - * "~ _ 1 -tn.»-*~ ~<-.- ~.'»'._ - .,_. -. .92__ . .-. :5_r. . . 92' - _ . _ " ~ ~» ~"~--. 4*.» 4 -92'_p ¢f 92..1.-.....=-:..¢_92.w-¢..-_-it-'=....-.-._,,_~.._. .; .1 §1.'~--.92-~-*"~4.. ...<» .. ... ~'- ...... __.-./ ..4 .. , - ..92-...... '.._ ,~.'*-.3 .-.._.~.,. . . _ . ._ . . . . . _ . . . - _ . ._7 .______. ., ._,_.A._...,,.- ,__ .;._. .. - h- . . !. _ . V 4 - - . .__ ... _ y _' -_- ~-- _.,_'.r _ <;!»'. 92.. . i-92-_ " " . ' - "3-92 . . -um ... <1-A 8. QtherNewspapers andPublications 31,. 92 hi additionto the above-mentionednewspapers, articles, . ; concerningthe N0!and columnsby N0!leaders haveappeared onnumerous occasions thein NewYork AmsterdamNew 8» " the New Jersey HeraldNews, the Bt Louis APE,* and the - ' Articles iavorabie toElijah 's' - Airo American. '1: L llulnmmadand theM!! alsohave apparedin thepublications, Ebony and -.s a I theHosiem Worldand the U.S.A. 'e ort The expended by N01 membersin I $7 ?,_, A g sellingthe publications mentioned canshown abovebe the by commissions 4 I 4 pid to the N01by Ebonymagazine. inthe Springoi 1958, N0! olficials and the publishersof Ebonymade arrangementsior N01members tosell annual V .subscriptionsto themagazine. Partof themoney iromeach salewas i lorwarded to the publishers, and the remainder was retained by the N01. Prom Hayto September,1958, Ebony publishers paidcommissions oimore F, s P . 1 :-'<, . Y i ; than$13,000 torthe saleof nearly8,000 magazinesubscriptions membersby l_d the ChicagoN01 temple. h March, i960, The New Cruszuier, 2: weekly Z"?iegro 92 x i X E published inChicago, startedto regularlycarry Muhammad'scolumn, as s well as other articles about the N01. As with other papers, . yi New York Amsterdam News, New Jersey ?§£§§~§§ §;%iy§_e§j§, _ $2.? .15are lhlegofweeklynewspapers; theAfro-ftrnericzgi, sitetionslissue, a fgegrosemiweekly newspaper;Ebon -__-__-*~magazine is a Negro monthly; and+ jioslem Woridandthe U.8.A. is not now publication, in this but magazine was irregularlypublished an as attempt, according to the editor,to promote _, understanding betweenIslam andthe West. < _ .1 , :. ' . ,. .92,.~ ,1. ._ .. , ,2 ,3 .- A ' .af_.92'. i;:,.V4 ;: -l-._". | _<~_ Q as 'i-: _ -~92 - ~'- 1. 1 _~-2_~-. -_.;-, ' __ ,... 3;-F3}; -k _'".5: . T 1 ."-. -5 '" ' . '~"' I .1 '.. '-Si 'Fl ! __- #2:!-2'7:- - ~ "'- , '-.Q . .~'f ~ ~, - _., _ _ V 92 v » - ~ - . - e -. - -- ~ ;f'- . H! ~ ___ _ I , _ . .__o_ -; ?:_0l_ Ia ~_ I . ! Cn 7'. thet lappearetobeusingthetechniqueolconetantly . - spacewhile promising that the NO!will increasethe paper's .1Q . *2 B. NO1Publication| ' ac».92 in >- F :1 v The N01 has publiehed and sold many pamphlets and throwawaye. 1 *1 . Beveral oi them have had very wide distribition and are constantly t ised an .4 0 ~ 1 meansoi furthering N01 teachingsand activities. Examples include: ii The 8u reme Wisdom--a 56-page tabloid setting lorth '- thelteachingsor "message" of Elijah Muhammad, The Messenger Magazine--a 40-pagepamphlet with many . _ < r Bicturee ofcuIt'Businese*ee, 1958 convention,the the family a oi the son-in-law oi Muhammad, and plans for the Natioml Mosque ' ' t it The Islamic News- ~an eight-pagetabloid containingpictures -. and a transcript oi the speech oi Elijah Muhammadat the . k _ Washington, D. C., "ieast".On May81, 1959 _. i92-. i. During May, 1960, two additional publications were released which a I" 92 § i are receiving wide distribution. They are: _ - 1 4. 1 ! Mm. MuhemmnzdMont¬:;&dicated 5 w size-- Z h.¬.e:16-pageJustice tabloid, tothe se xloecribe for Black Man, is A" published inNew Yorkand sellsfor 15 cents percopy. The trait .0»- pageolthetiretisstieieatureeapictureonllluhaxliznadsaid, Inhold - green headlines, hie statement: "We Must Have Some 14nd!" The paper contains excerpts [mm Muhammad : speech at the 1960 nnnml I ms a V, places he visited in the wddle Esta. This issue also Ems 3. .-i;_ 1,information concerning theN01, policebrutality againnt 1 » in New York City, and articles on Negro nationalistic .1 H in Africa. One full page is devotedto an appeal fromMuhaminadbr C '1,- funds ;j_*'£¥' tor theproposed I0-million-dollarcenter inChicage;"?§ 5f-T*>"i = ~ I F _ _ - . e _ -_-.ra~e_:- It'll-'_'r . __ _ __ . _ _. ». v < 0 -J. Pi Q -~ .1. JD : '_Q: Q ¢'0§_. Iuhammad Speaks to the ,_Biack Man--The tirst issue isa 84-page ;;.' 13,- , "' pocket-else puhl aa on w 61?>h 13 expected to he issued semi- - monthly h-om Chicago. The magazine, seli-described as "The - llagasine that Dares to Tell the Truth, " contains two articles ' by lluhammad and articles by other lb! members. All articles are in keeping with the NO! tactic oi ridiculing the ' white man and those Negroes iavoring integration oi the races, :1; while heaping praise on Muhammad and his followers. e ?-*i 1 C. Travel ljIOI Leaders '_e z . - Although Elijah Muhammad, several of his sons, and a few of the ,- .4I a .'5leading ministers travel constantly visiting-and speaking at the various ~- ; _4 temples throughout the United States, it was just recently that the _ "0 i, -.: ti, "Messenger" completed a long-planned trip to the Middle East and an ' _ i alleged pilgrimage to Mecca. Bis main purpose in making the trip, '1j |~ va ¢1- i . it is believed, was so that he could gain publicity and thereby help in his 1- Q g. . efforts to achieve an aura of respectability for his teachings and to " i ZK impress his tollowers and the general public. ' _ '~ i 2 a-, U ~ Throughouttheyear1959,allmembers01thenorweresolicited. _'_ __~'.__.J. for donations for the proposed trip oi the "Messenger." In July, hialoolm E, _ i the minister 0! the New York temple, travelled to the Middle East "to act as a goodwill ambassador ior Elijah Muhammad" and to arrange for meetings Ql v H between Muhammad and Gamal Abdel Nasser, President oi end the -I . ' .:'i-< »,@:.'.~~.:~., 11' _. x, -V ~ -_ 'r1.. , -__ 4 ~.; - v ,_,.,.,_. 1. ~:-~- L -_':._~ . 92 1_ . H r .» v .,f»'. _ ,~. -5 1. .- p. l . v.; '1. ,_ :"_»92w92 ___=51 X _ -'*92-..r~_.!¢ -* -_4..~-_.._.4.45¢, ii ,_,_92*;- ; | 1'v1A,;u@ul.<$>nIAa.l -an-_gw'_r-a~¢~.awv _ _ ~92JY!'a__92nl§4I92§*- - l '~_-|_ H. G -. __ _ -Q . .___...<._.,.....a-..,.-..,..~ .._-,..e.,.-,. __m.___,. _,,..t___,_, ~ ' ' '. , 1 - - 1;» -'.<-,, -_ ..c_._ . . . _ _ . . A .. ; ' _' ~- Q! ~|° . United Republic,Arab other and leaders. n appears um llalcolnx nun, mi» on his rm», he mm um he manot visitedMecca, and as hadnotmetliasser. . D - - I -. l Ilijahliuhammad oontinnledtomakeplans Herbert andAkbar wouldaccompany on his him trip. Inpreparation taking for numerous photographsof hisfather andvarious Arabianleaders, Muhammad's son Herbertpurchased $1,nearly 500worth equipment,of including camera,magazines 100 movie oi tilrn,300rolls oi 85-millimeterfilm, and color 50 rolls oi black and white lm ior a reflex camera. __ Muhammadhis and two sons begantheir airplanetripat NewYork City on November21, andthe N01 laidplans for a triumphalmeeting early in February, 1960,at Los Angeles uponcompletion the oi round-the-world trip. During trip,the Muhammadcontinued column his the in Herald-Disgchwith articles date-lined iromthe variotucities thathe visited.He describedplaces he hadvisited andcontinually stressedthe wonderful reception received he at each stop.Late inDecember, accordingto hiscolumn, andhe hiseons mum both Mecca and Medina. Although Muhammadwas supposed to travel around theworld and arrive in LesAngelee early in February, 1960,he and hie twonone eo enlyarrived back inNew YorkCity onJanuary 6,1960. No explanation,yet, as has - ', .- - . made for this changeci plans. _ ea - '- ' . .=;1_;~;;:.-zer3 ,_¬?.¢_;,__ > Q F - __ - '1 -' .1 4!»'¢' I_-.4"-,__ 4 , _ '1'' :5 ,I -"" ;'_ _ .A1 - ~ --'2-v- .>- J52 ; ~ I 7; :. ~92- ._ '.vs " ; .p w O L .5 . .-:.~.. Q.- 92 '. 92 92 D. 3ecrui§_ngIlethods . _. 1 >5 l ' Ihile the publicityresulting trom newspapers, mngazinsl,. : 1; V. '- I '<. . I.9. I pamphlets,throwaways, and well conventions, asas "leash," basalts,.1--_I ' O -1 and thetravel oi cult leaders, aidedhas ROIthe becomingin better 92 known ironghoutthe country, Elijah Muhammadand hiscult leaders. have resortedto numerous techniques designedto addnew iollowersto cg *-1' this growing cult. ' _i_.2 _..-Q - Probablymost the importantof these was inauguratedby _ l .-"1, 1 Iuhammad theduring Summer oi 1958. At a meetingof cult leaders in '1 ._£ 'Iuhammad'she annolmcedthathe hadhome, decided "de-emphasise to 92< the religiousaspects his oi teachings andto stress the economicbene ts to bederived those Negroes by who joinedthe N01. Muhammad stated that, changingin emphasis, this Ielt he theNegro wouldshowKeener a t ., interestthe inprogram which would improveeveryday his rather life, =~: J . sumJ ! Aw , thana programin which wouldchange his religious viewsso completely. 1 I of This policychange shown in is articlesMuhammad by which . 4 set forthhis so-called"Economic Print Blue for the BlackMan. " 1 1 Muhammadthe stated so-calledNegroes in America must stoplooting towardwhite theman for justice jobsand andshould thetake {allowing v/:92; .. ark "1. Recognize the necessity for unity and group .4 activities!._ 1 '92. Pool yourresources; physically as well as ~' ' I "8. Btop wanton criticism of everything that is black-owned i and black operated. A "4. Keep in mind--Jealousy Destroys from Within. I "5. Observe the operations oi the White Han. He is successful. ! He makes no excuses for his iailures. He works hard--is 92 s collective manner. You do the same. "8. Spend your money with your own kind. "* k At various times, the N01 has emphasised concerted e orts toward th . s recruitment oi the more intelligent and educated Negro and, at other times, this s i emphasis is placed on the illiterate and dissatisfied Negro. While in the past, a" teaching oi N01 ministers was designed to inflame and agitate the followers, r. through the years the teaching has been softened so that, at least bring the F 0 i meetings open to visitors, t is not as inflammatory. g ' a x I _. Members of all temples regularly engage in "i ishing'* for the "dead" a 3 a method of gaining recruits. "Fishing" consists of going out into the streets pr tomeetingsinanattempttobringthe "dead,"nonmembers, intothetempls. It s example, all F01 members oi the Washington temple are required to "fish" on E ¢ Sundays from ten in the morning until two o'clock, when the meetiw begin. 0 . ... " s'¢-7: s . _ if . _'_Los Angeles Herald-Disgtch, Chicago edition, January 0, 1960 w ~-. _ _ Q ¢-- ¢ -_-I _ _._-,<- I - .,... '.'..' I -._w . a v .- 1'. ...- _- <5-.;'._-~"-~_>#.'$ ._'_-1.' ¢ '! -1-: 1! O I. _l_lembershipProcedures 1 3 r ; 2 '1'hosedesiring persons membership in the N01 are required to lollow certain procedures before they are considered full-iledgeckmembcs. _While thereare some exceptions, the following steps are iose generally ~91 .-I required oi new members. . A prospective member is first given the following letter which r he is to copy in his own handwriting. In the event an error appears in the handwritten letter, it will be returned from Chicago with a request that the applicant rewrite the application. . V - "Address 4 City and State i 1 Date 1 1 1 "Mr. W. F. Muhammad i 4847 So. Woodlawn Ave. 7 Chicago 15, Illinois "Dear Savior Allah, Our Deliverer: Y I l have been attending the teachings oi Islam by one of your Ministers, two or three times. I believe in I1, and lbear witness that there is no God But Thee, and that Muhammad is Thy Servant and Apostle. I desire to reclaim my Own. Please give me my Original name. My slave name is as follows: Name Address" £,,,,.l-ii City and &ate" .~*92 -:*:4"'¢%~+'- _~r~:d!*:*_ E.~. __s. . . .;.i:' .771,1,. ' ""»' ___ l y-'.~~§2-- 1; ' £4:V : -.» Q . - 92 . - _ .~_ q I.- ... .-e ._ If-ZP . ;.. 1 _-~_:. - _ >- _.a~ ¢ 1 - -1 L:.._ - . _ _ t F! t' 1 -.{- . .1 ,. . »-... 51 ~-'- ~- ..~l- -5. E?-l, I _''2 ;. Upon acceptanceof the application, a letter is directed to Q0ll tcant 92L i enclosing questionforms to be answered.Accompanying these forms rsqnes r 92 thatif the applicant is married, the spouseshould siphis or hernanas and l! Idea i 1 18 yearsoi age,the parentsshould sign. The question formsare as follows i "Question formnumber 1 . A 1 "All questionsmust beanswered correctly- 100% - all who - <- 8 acceptIslam Please till out your-seli, useink! K Are you married? . ._ . 4. . Are you livingtogether at the presenttime? . . . F "I Have youa marriage license? . . . . Do you have children? . . . c.! 1 Are you divorced? . .- . ' t Have you divorce papers? . . . _ 5.y . Please state names and ages ofyour childrenunder Remarks 5 . Sign the enclosed iorzn- Declaration oi His or Her Own.' "Rema.rts:" i. 9 § i "Application iorthe Declarationoi His or HerOwn > z i 0- .?». 1 "Name . . t . 1; - .4~ A.»->~ .¢ s~- 4, +~~w~aM¢.92 ,4 __., M. _,, _ _ ,_-on-~..-,_;.__7_,._ .. n,..-.o..,_w.,-,e-..-_..l,-.n _ _ ! I .4 -- "~~ l ;r ...92-_-xi; -er--nvvq-r ,:§ ~».-. evil -- -,-.-_-- - -I ___ J ii 'lnshsndorWi1e'stullnsme.... ; ' nu-m....melee moses " - M4 nheoee -,"' ohm: ______.._--- -1-II ma _ , ll m " . _p Included with the aboveforms are several lists d "tacts" and a I -listoi ten questions, called the "student enrollment." The "student enrollment" i £ Z. questions must correctly answered and mailed to Chicago beiore the 1 applicant receives his otiicial "X" name. . A Theminister oi theNew York temple has explained the use cl the "X" name as lollowe: ' "During slavery, the slaves were known as Sam, John, Luke,George, etc. All were known as Jones slaves, Smith's slaves, or whatever the last name might have been. Bince the original names had long been dropped s along with our culture and religion, 'we' took our masters name alter we were treed. When you becomea member, your slave name is dropped and you are given an 'X"lmtil _ your real name is given back." t V . v Within each temple, tor example, the first man named John receivn hisXname wo=uldbeJohn X, the next wouldbeJohn H, andeoiorth. $evera1- , temples having a large membership have gone as high as I'll in assignig _ " 1 'numbers to members with the same giv an mm¢_ G A . '_ A1 ; J1.» ."' 5,. - "/,3."'_;. <" -; '. . 1* ¢ I_' ,_;'*._ _!.~. "4 k-r _ Q4- . -A-___- ~ ~ r. . V-='92" _ .. L ,_ ,.-_~ v-a, - . ,__ iz zla ._,;_ __ -I IA ~ . _, _ _ __ ,5 _'¢g 1; _ . ' 92 92 . ' ' '" Q I ..T _ 5 .'-_.'¢'f~ ; . - .. > - - » < - -- :51.-.__, - -» . _ ___ ,__ .__....__.o_. ...-c ..- .- p 92 ' 3? oz Alter complcting the mro1lmcntiT'q 1r°m °t" u "cc" I, lppliblni is usually introduced at 1 regular N01 meeting IN! IN" stud to nova: "31 quggtionl md make a abortnpooch before the F009 N ' mu '1'? Qh "hgppy" to be an NOI member. ,. ;, j .___ , _ .___,J_. _r, 1 ;i ,_-,1 1 ,_i.£*. . " _ " - - ~ M4>- ~~--.-»_.-...... =...,..,.__,_._,. -.__,, . » V ''-- - . l I. '1<__*"<;.%':<&:*:e-'p;~*%*'-tw'.J_-t;-"-.?.- .- ¬ ! ." <. -39I v4 '_-,1.- VI. QECURITTMEASURES DIEIPLIIIQ AND ._,, __rt-_ ~'~ *- _1£_.°*!-BE ~ . » -.- All lI0ltemplesconchcttvo typesoi meetings, those Qslb -~ 1 ~ the generalpublic those and conductedtor membersonly. naenumber and trequencythese meetings of vary considerably.The regularity ot attendance I by the membersvaries also amongthe individual temples. some In temples, membersrequired are attend to meetings. all these At temples,a member who unableis attend to mustcall the temple beforethe beginning of the ' meetinglurnish to acceptable an excuse.Nonacceptahle result excuses in temporary suspension.Other temples require attendanceat onlyone twoor meetings a week. Severalthe ot largertemples conductmeetings everynipt of the week,with bothafternoon evening and sessionsciiring theweekends. _ l'heseusually temples conducttwothree or meetings,open ormore for two t H the generalmembership,and sessions separatethe for F01 and HGT.. ~ ' Emaller templesoften havefewer meetin ,but ellhave someepen and some closedmeetings. air An ct secrecy pervadesall meetings, and strict rules forbidthe discussionoi temple activities outsidethe temple. v z . ~7* ~ ~ ___~__;,~92 , . - ., . . =1,;;_l_§=..e_ . . ~ ' 0%-"l;'-Q ti Q ' 3_3».P ,, _ Lid... V " 7; »'.'._ _; _... ' c " , < . 1*1 _-...§¢.¬#35:"' I~ .. "'~s i- . , -'¬~-*r, ';- - _- 1 -.'v.._ ,, v _"'. , s,, _ . - ; v-, f. -v-A1.-.f-_ , - ~".A H, -._ ' ' ' ~ ~ . 3 '_ .""' e-:" '"'- ., - ~4- ' --';-5e. 7 ," ,'_,'1' _~ -7_.. - - .~ ;'.f '-"1@*~;"';;T.I~._ '1, _";__-;_,A.:> =*.. ti-~.~'2':~"~_ ., _.~.. -l- 1 .92F~ , ~»--'-,~'~-:- -.<~E¢.7 ... e ...=.. ."" _>.e=;<-.?.,~, _ ,~ '1w~£ ,-<*=}>~;=.e:= ." *= -~ ' - ~ ~;":z :'-;'¢4»;.*".- ~ -'-*~< ;' ._1.- -if-_¥_,.¢¥'3"'5l"§'92_f~"'~'-<__.2"{-a!$.§Z?>.@2-';.-.¢,1;:>s:.. *~3}1~;=ge.5*7~1~ ~,-.-<1".~:;1.=.=1,, '1 ' Y "»- ,.,-- ..=~* .i..-' '7' :__... ' - -S.-_' ~,._Y' ,~__,__.' P»-. -'.i%'_:§..'.~," -' ~v,.*... -.:.-~.-_~:- --_;-_,.. *' - " ' . .|_--1-:¢"?&,'?i:» _ =~9292»J ~.vn < . .-.._.., _,¢.~ . ;_____ ¢~_: 3!; ~»,_.~,....,-_ , ...... -....~..»».-as--.;_..1-.~..a ~._.i....c. -. . ;~A .--..._. _ l_ . _...... _ ___.._. .__. ..~ ~._-. ._.~.-.n~-~- . ~.~. e ~:4~Ju-'-4'.¢r _~; _- . ,,.-» , e_ if . . p _ n - . , ._ . -,-. 0 - -~r , . 0 r U i I 1, l I 5 . Both members and nonmembersattending NO!meetings are l g -.-, I thoroughly searchedbefore enteringthe templehall. A11 males are searched Ior liquor,guns, knives,tiles, or any sharpinstrument. Notcaily arethose Q92f.. / items not allowed in the temple, but also cigarettes, gum, papers, packages, or such items are taken from the man. He is then furnished a claim ticket with which to reclaim his property on leaving the temple. Females are taken i to another part at the building, searched for weapons oiany kind, and svsn l 3 -_ relieved at possessions such as lipstick and cosmetics. They, too, receive v _ » s ticket to reclaim their property upon leavingthe temple. ? After being thoroughly searched, the individuals are admitted to the 1 .s. ., temple meeting room ,where the members are seated separately, men in me L %. i section, women in another. _ At open meetings, where visitors are in attendance, It 3 1 § _ the visitors are also seatedin a separate section.During meetings,guards are i . é. X § stationed around thehall and in the aisles. They are changedat regular . I I Z intervals. The guards duties revealedare in "general orders guards"for » .. which were issued by the Chicago temple: 5 1. - »- "1. 9 To take charge oi this post, and all temple property invisw. ,2. To walk my post in a perfect manner, keeping always on the ' alert. . - 3. To report all violations 0! orders I instmciezl. ts §:»s:r¬o1"ce.. 4. To report all cells ir-om post, more rms; ieznpie i; than my own. _"_ 1 5. To quit my post, only whenproperly relieved. 6. To receive, obey and pass on to the sentinel, who relieves me, all orders iirom the commanding officer, officers oi non-commissioned otticers cl the guard only. ' . - _! 1 v~-, .. ~ ,. ._,- _ - qwvv ...*._1v '-¢-,~<~ .~ v .n_ -'> -$.11 pa 51~._92;-_""-I- - .. . - . c . .-.221" __-30." .,". .'_:._ . "§¥._.i -. * A- 3 -. :3 -:1 ._ - .. f-1.2."."' 3}-l7'_.'= .2-4 -.."' .'._-> :1 -_ .- __.¢ ~ '/P JV * Q i §<.~r- c _.3:§ 92 . -" I V ' F 2 A4 0 1 v Q1 §4 g??? I , E4 5 ¬--- -5" '¢ .'; 92 k ~ '4"?!' ._ ~_- y -'7 L, !%92§:~:a§-. '1». ._,. 1" " _ '-'.!... _ " gift _. ~~:;>. ./,.£".".'.. Typical uqnqqmd uatinq at NOI meetings. This occasion was the Chicago convention ?;;.;§ ,;_}£z:;,,_ . ,. .'-c'£~.1~i92": -.: _ in February 1957 4-7 r 4 . -1,3 »<-if$1 .9'~£_~3.§;», -. 2 _ Note:VFOIquc1rds atcniomd Ln uni»! _- - . 92".~ > ._ _. _ . ..; , - '" -*j;:3,_-__192. .I-- _92_'|,.. , . - ';-~E,"l: ¥.: ~, .' .. I - . <- _ - ~ - -~ vf -c L ."x= ".=,v,:¢=r ' qr ',92 -I * , -. . ' » 4 .-_ _>.- _-1-2 . _ " " r-»~ ' ~-- -. '-.'~' ~ ','92,- ""'1"X"v': . I §. % -_i'-.;" -v'1';s . .~ _ - , ._ _, . . _ . ., ! _,.., .-._--__._-.-__g'92_ _. kw __ . _ . ._ -'41- ._ . .. < _ .~ J1. - 1.. ,n ;,_5~;:-'=>*.,_~,~;..~~¢~;~-,..~- _., _-,~.-,. .- _ .. ~ . . 9292..»..~..~.,.-'..~..u _. .¢.~a.v;.i.a--4.-=...._...... <..-_-..-...._..,. _-_..,l.;1.»;.a.L.~..._..waaa.-.1...... ,..._-...i .. .1. l.,1.1v1a4...-.._..,.._:...,_--,..,-. ._,._~.. !>!92~ _ ... . 7~>' -*1! -"-; !~ 9'>~ -J.,Av,4'-K1- enemaI . ' I ' 92 " '»""_.._"._$'92'_ _7v_' " J '2 _ _ _ . . . . .- -. . _ > _. . 3 l I ~ 8 a _ A, Q In case oi disorder to give the alarm. - 92 Q To allow no one to commit a nuisance on or near P - In any cases not covered by instructions, call the To salute all otiicers and standards not cased. A 'l otalktonoone,onlyinthelinedduty.To be especially watchful at nights during the time oi _ 4 '"wM*" ¢IIIIIIIIIIIIIIr ~ - During meeting-s, guards are stationed not only within the temples s I I Q s but also on patrol on the streets around the temple. ' B. Protection oi Elijah Muhammad I. % I Z z Elaborate security protection is afforded Elijah Muhammad at all 3 times. Much oi this protection is undoubtedly ceremonial or ritualistic " I > i evidence oi the respect Muhammad's followers hold for him. Nevertheless, . - . s > P J l u during 1958, a threat was reportedly made against the liie of Elijah Muhammad. s. I I ¥ 0 This caused much concern among cult members even though the threat never l :1. S materialized. Also, during the Bummer of 1059, J. B. Btoner, head 0! the E 5 I I Christian Knights oi the K. K. K. , wrote a letter to Muhammad which k 4 F 92 v t 0 . was full 0! invective. At the same time, Btoner wrote another letter to the 1 5 l ! Few York City Police Commissioner which offered the services oi the i I l. l ! Klansmen to rid the city oi "Muslims" ii the commissioner would furnish j ? them with guns and ammunition. Muhammad was very much concerned about the K. K. K. threat and causedboth of Stoner's lettersto be reprinted in .-.. I newspapersnormally which carryitems concerningthe N01 4 ' L _ 1 1 -=~. Very recently, source advised that tor several the guards on duty _ - . S. a weeks during meetings in one temple have been carrying revolvers under their belts * tor the protection at speakers andtemple officers. 1 - -48- ~ ;- . ' . . - - i *.-' .- - -- v r-. = "- -- . . ______,'_,___F_____,.,.._.._ -.-_»:._e_ . .. _.~.. V ~- . .- - - .___._ _ ._.. _-,...... »~ - -~- ~»'"7"" """"i """" " """ H _ . 1,. . _. . ..';a.....,_ ___ J_a1.__. . O -- w _r _,92,~. _-x - _ A .¢92q ~ 2 8 .- .; _ . ---13- M" -a »-/~." _~s - , T.-_,»' ' _ ;-_ _ e Muhammadfor has, almg time, been mm-uy-euuemusi E 0 .~ 1952, wheniirst viewing thehouse he was thenpurchasing his tor '_ lluhammadwas airaidtoenteraroommtilitwasiullyli stedndque. entering, immediatelychecked thewindow locks.After movinginto the house, Muhammadhad hisfollowers cutaway allthe shrubberyfrom around the houseand cut awaythe treebranches to a height oi six to eight tedso that noone couldapproach thehouse without being seen.L . 2 9 When ElijahMuhammad travelsaway iromChicagoythe 'PM I I membersat whichever city hevisits areresponsible forfurnishing him'.;T-;'--_ adequate securityprotection. Theprecautions takenprior to and during the UlineArena "feast"at Washington, D. C .,in Hay, 1959, providea i _ 1 good example of thissecurity. '_ Mj Priorto Muhammad'sarrival at the arena,POI membersthoro ly .- 1 92~- ;-. ,_ . searched theentire buildingfor hiddendevices orbombs andstationed guards at strategicplaces insideand outsidethe building.Another growQ PU i I I members,in about a dozen automobiles,drove to the airport to meet 1 _ £ 1 Muhammad. Theyiirst searchedthe airportarea lookingtor suspiciouspersons andon thearrival of Muhammad'splane, marched onto the eld and -s;:~"=" " between twocolumns ofguards beckto a waiting "-j*';i" i5:" entourage escortedMuhammad to the Washington minister'shome, had beenguarded severalby POImembers sinceearly morning. ,.;-'~.*if ,-- -__ - ".' . _~ N .- w . ' _' . .- a .- . _ _- . w _., . ' ~. -a .>~ ' _ . - ea._ -_ ~ . _.».-. 1 t"-*!.;~._.-.;£'-.-_,;. _. 3" - . .;'-*~"'-',. .__' _ . _ ._ ... ., »- ~ - 4-- ~ * -»-'a"¢_ ;- .-..--.--~:_,; -» »~,_-I-.._-.-c. 1 E - '.;<.. 1 '~ - _,.- ___ , -_ -._. _, - _, .' rib , 1. . ._ ~ s,92>.-_~-*~..~~_. . ';:.:.=":',;-".<=..- T. - -- ::§ <_-v = 1 vs *1 ' ' " k . . '=-;. ~.;-;92-~§', *...-~ -.'2_~r<-~'.:.,_~_ , 5-92 ¢<.,;r.. 0- 1% -9 .~-_,_. '-.e>..~;- .~ -I-new .'- _ ., ,~" _--*:f<~"!-1i-."*'>-___i,-_ .?'_i r925:_*_. j'1':"".»-1"- I-V _ _. - V. La _.'-_. _ -_ 3 ; ,¢.-,_q o;.,_. ,_ _, .__ . <:¬:--;'a-¢92-.1 ._ i .. . ._._, ,- t t. . . - . i . - . _ ' _ I ' -t--:':e*..-.~.;_ _.-+4;-,"~' '1 ~ w-*5-_;_ét:_¥» 1r".=.- =.- -A'.' II! -.s "' '." . 5 . . ' ',;_""" _" _"" ""!""*' .. 8 92- .! 3 carloadsoi guardsremained stationedoutside thehouse untilit was necessar y'f " .- s ior themto escort him to thearena. Uponarriving at the arena, Iluhammsd i walkediromthecar, intothearena, andalltheililllitotherostrnm i between twolines oi approximately 750I01 membersstanding shoulderto shoulder. The same precautionswere taken when Muhammadleft the arena. During hisstay in Washington, specialfood was preparedby NO! members ho avoid any possibilityIluhammad's oi poisoned. being C. Discipline and Trials oi Members Individuals associated with Elijah Muhammad for a considerable t period haveadvised thatalthough Muhammadappears to be a mild-mannered person, it is obviousthat heis capableof dominatingand impressinghis ' " iollowers. This ability is shownby the strict discipline maintained over cult ~ . as members. s r As mentionedearlier this in study,the military-typeorganizational ' setup extendsthroughout phases all notoi activities.Individual temple Y ministers, with the assistance oi the temple F01 captains, exert control over the members of their own temples. The only higher authorities in the organization are Elijah Muhammad and National F01 CaptainRaymond Sharrie . To maintain thisstrict control, the variousministers, or FOX - " ~ I-I,»i ' .1: captains, hold"trials" toexpel ordiscipline membersfor a variety oi . -47- - » v -. ~ . .. .,..~ ._.,/ ;:>~',_-st;-_t :*,92<1Il#_-92M,-'|¢-}A~.92.:_ ~>.¢. ~ -lllili-921 '1'.92a492li4Il_:Ll£I=dh;~} zn92- i'~i;n~92_J_9292t-4Ll>,_ . ,1. .. _ . . ."..<. .. .. '.~.»- <7--~ - ~- " 92 ' " """?'i' "' ' ' ' wi , _ Y ' - ~ - 2 "- 1-; 3.-.. "..--,':-;-tr,- -'. :'.'-"' 1 '-- _._ .. ~ ' we . . 1 I 3 ._ .. . ..-.weQ it. :1 .41 these so-called cu-am, " the violator is called before minister or the POI captain, sometimes before the regular temple member- ship meeting and sometimes not. The charges are read and the sentence pronounced. The member is not allowed to defend himseli and has no right » of appeal; the decision of the minister or POI captain is final. ;. 5. =41 The most severe sentence imposed on a memberis permaned v. . . uh. Q '>'-K. .--l¢ expulsion from the N01. Another sentence frequently imposed is called the ~~ . > "Class P" sentence. This sentence calls tor the expulsion oi the member . > r' for a definite period of time, during which he cannot talk to N01 members nor attend temple meetings. Many oi this type oi sentence are for 90 days for a I minorviolation, with up to iive years for a more serious violation. Usually B the iive-year sentence is given with a provision tlnt, if the individual he t lived according to the rules, he might apply ior readmission after one year, i 9 3 but only ii he shows an unusual willingness to cooperate and further the r$- N01 program. 1 n For minor violations not calling for expulsion from the temple, the v f Class C" sentence is imposed. This requires that the member perform X labor fora certain period oi time with a working group at the temple. 1- -,r_ ' "L -..~ 1. 1-9-u.!_ ..?'. '-.- t i The violations which cause a memberto be brought to trial numerous and varied. The following are but a iew examples: V 4 i -..- ' , . i f - x ~ -e. . . .-. . . - 1- . '_.'u. ,. - .. _._ -=09 l >- ~ -~.-.1 = ~ in 1. Reporting temple activities to a nonmember 8. Committing adultery . 3. Using narcotics 4. Not attending temple meetings 6. Ilisusing funds collected for the temple 6. Using "unbecoming" language before female members Failing to bring "lost-founds" visitors! to meetings Eating or selling pork Mentioning before temple members that he would refuse to die for "Allah" 10. Failing to pay extra dues for being overweight 11. Allowing a visitor to enter temple under in uence of liquor 12. Sleeping during temple meeting I P D. In!ormant*'!'hreatand the FBI _ During the past year, Muhammad and various NOI ministers lnve evidenced considerable interest in and attention to the possibility that "spies" have entered their ranks. They have threatened dire treatment for any "spies" they catch, while promising that any N01 member "found guilty of reporting informationon templeactivities the towhite g will he killed." . One minister advised his followers that "the FBI devil" cannot come tothe templehimself, so he sendssome of"our ownin the black form" to hear what is going on in the temple. The minister then threatened that "we will pull their tongues out if we catch them or iind out who they are. " kt en article epgearinglast summerin the Lee AngelesHeml,d-' Dis tch, Muhammad wrote, "The FBI, who has watchedfor a chance to do .1-.--. - -. the worstagainst with their us paid Negrostool pigeonsamong evento us, 1,57" - . 49-Q ' vs ~., 92-<»._~u92~aa- . - »-~,e»-='¢»"; r _|gr . _ ~ "~.:~.,-924, =-'*;&'=%e-=t,:-»...~ ea-v-;;'<.'- - ~_":'_'. ?-':='.._;,"' Q _. Y ~.,._~.~1-»-.~_-. . I " > I 3 I . 1» ! making ialse charges oi stealing the clarity given ior the expensesQ the templeslaborers , and will all nu." i 1 b_ _ Again at the 1960 N01 conventionat Chicago, Iluhammad was . reported tohave talkedabout spiesand stool pigeons and toldaboutcutting off the heads of spies and stool pigeons and hanging them up and putting tags 8. i on them.~ ' _ T In spite oi the N01 leaders repeated violent threats oi action they - o» '1 would take against "spies" and Muhammad'sclaim that all attempts of nonmembers to learn of N01 activities would tail, the ministers have found 4 J it necessary to take other precautions so that members would not divulge I N01 activities to nomemb-ers. 9 One minister advised his members concerning talking to FBI 3 E Agents. He cautioned, "Some oi you may think it is wise to engage thsmin conversation when they come to your house but this is wrong. They will GI 3 trick you into saying something even though you think it is small, than thy will go to other Muslims ior little bits oi information and when they compile it, they have quite a hit. They are trained to ask you leading questions and sometimes you will think you ere not grow. ~ 5"; §,~Y{§_t ~*~. , .. I1 M -, f4~I'» ~92»=: <2,Z, 1. l'~:""f IQ § .; § /f §f>_<~~5 1 . -an - ,_ -3 we 5->" s1_ ,, "-t-'~._ » ; .- '~-1 , ~.v <. :' B i = "1 A - .1»' ~ - _-, ...1_ _, D .;,., 1" ,1 ,-... _ -» I < .~ f/ 6. . 1 g , .92 »~ 4, _ ~, ~ .., _ .. t- » I -, . . .. _. e . _,./ Ev=t -_.~_, ».5.-xai 4.4.,,,. .,.»¢-;,_ <_ __ your house. Ti theyhave a warrant ior you then gopeacefully with them. I ¢ they donot havea warrant then closeyour doorand walkaway they cannotforceyontotalktothem."i . . .- it 92 - _ ,.___.,,.__ . 1 "i ' - ' * 1 ' -Y. -"er ".1-*-:2';~=:=f."p:~=i='=':w<.¢~". '~<-.1. -~ -' ~ ' ..»" ! . _. k it 0 Q 92 vn. - mcmsrrrs e wrrs e LAW suroncxunur e e orncms M15 - 3.. *' ii:- "s- pf:-% ~".$' - a I I;_,_ _" 3 {H p §. .. A. Prison Inmates * 1- _..- V, 1 .- I .5 Thereare a nnmherof Negro inmates at prisons in several states 5 . who claim affiliation with the N01. lome oi those claiming to he followers of i i: Muhammad who are presently in the Federal Penitentiary at Leavenworth, Ti Kansas, had caused difficulty in other penal institutions and were subsequently E transferred to Leavenworth. llost of these inmates, as well as many in state Z at 2 prisons, have embraced the "Muslim" faith subsequent to con nement and do not actually have a very clear -cut idea of Muhammad's teachings. They are . primarily interested in those features which enable them to complain about 5' t prison conditions and racial discrimination. ,z.i For example, in the Fall of 1959, four convicts at a New York State i 7. prison who claimed to he followers of Muhammad filed lepl action against ' ii 2. the warden claiming that he was denying them enjoyment of religious freedom au while in his prison. They had made demands for special foods, prtyate _ 1 I meetings, special equipment, and other special considerations. No final i 4 1 action has resulted from these complaints, hut much friction has developed because of this incident, and the N01 has need it 3&5 e. he J . *** - - ' 1 "~=»'?v'-.- 92"»=:="---":1. 7' ""1143--'.' _,': _ ._ V ; , ', _ .. ..., ' -' ">§ _,. 1 " '1. J '".'._ _-11-404» W7z an -as ~ V fi . ,"_ - l " 0 §: ?t: -_ 4l 92 p - > l At another8tate penitentiary,in Pennsylvania,an inmate claimed to be a follower oi Muhammad, assaulteda guard alter drinking 1 some homemadeliquor. Whenhe wasplaced insegregation, I. was ' Q 2 discovered tint more than 20 other inmates, all iollowers ed Iluhamnmd, _ 3 tni ¢ bi 5- ind gathered and hadplanned to cause a disturbance. Fortunately, the plan § . { . was discovered in time to prevent what could have beena seriou incidd. y. te- rér B. Local Law Officers 7 ' 1 92 Muhammad and ministers oi the N01 take pride in citing the fearless r t I Q nature at the members. They speak with pride at various incidents where the i I ,, .92 NOI members have engaged the police. when large numbers d "lius1ims" - E. 3 e U gather and white persons are present, there seems to be a sort ed eagerness , I z ¢ -, to demonstrate their iearlessness. - _. P ha i ». __ in July, 1958, an annual "least" sponsored byHT! Number I was I é-¥_:. Y heldataha1linNewYorkCity. Becausedlimitedspacehthehall,i|anyd the male N01 members were orcedto standoutside the entrances tothe ' v __ _ _ . , - . . . _ ,._.-->1-, 1.->_.,. .. 0. >~ . rtys, -~- --. 7'? "_ . "'>,_ . . . . ' t . ~»~-'-:-*~ -'- - 92. " ' "v > 1 i . I. t ! X <4 l + -,._ Ii 3- V = Typical at the contradictory statements made by lluhamnad and V; ff. 5 .-F! y 9 v '0 his ministers concerning violent action are the instructions given by the s 7 K NewYork minister on two occasions within s tew chys oi each other: 4 ,._ "ltembers should not resist law enlorcement otilcers at -. any time. We are not against the laws, we are to obey the "'. i vi laws. Ii the law o icer is wrong we must still obey him 1": - because Allah will take care oi him. g 2, ~92 4~ at 1 1 it "We are not aggressive but peaceful people. The next time 9' I snypolicemanputshis handsonaltuslimhewiilnotgoto = 4 1 oourtbutwillgotothecemetery." I ? Also, during 1959, Muhammad wrote a letter addressed to all ' -»=2 temples oi the N01 advising the ministers to read this letter before the POI 1 I st each meeting until suchtime as the minister was sure that the contents were clear and well mderstood by everyone. The letter said that the "Muslims" '4 if 5 $5?n92 were getting into too much trouble with the local law enforcement authorities :,. 5 S» E + and that this diiilculty which the "Muslims" were having throughout the mltion I i P: I _wasgivingthemabadreputationandwascostingtheN0lagreatdealolmoney. § 92~ n However, the letter continued, the members should not interpret these I 92 ' t i R instructions to mean that they should turn the other cheek when they are r y attacked. It stated "when you are fought against you should fight back. In fact, 1 i nmznnnennnngzngnn .. . 0 " " '- l1 - M we in 1950, national leaders . of the not met to discuss their t .~ >" 'growing concern over numerous con icts between members and law enforcement:3;. 1 . .. _ _ _ -p~-<¢~.-e 1-~_ _='f'-;'¢.~'11'. _ ___ sk ,.._ ;!:¢_ §¢.¢-1; 4---_-q92,'=~.-_"g!,' -'1 "'1 . '_ - w ~ .. l;iZ 92J . 1 _ Authorities.mt um becausethe They whoNegroes sou became>='-;-i'-, .~'_; are taughtto haveno tear, they becomesell-confident and resultsfrequent in clashesbetween membersand whiteperson. Q d the leaders likenedthe members to ti¢ers,ssyin¢, "Ihen youawake s sleeping tiger, youmust put a harnessonhim also, otherwisemay hedo s [rest I deal oi damage. " ' In spiteoi this apparent concern,I01 publications continue D " spread theirmessage hate.of _ . '- " Y A The firstissue oi s new N01monthly publicationcalled . Hr. MuhammadSpeaks,dated Hay, 1960, containss longarticle concerning -~ two incidentsinvolving clashesbetween York New City police icersInd - membersthe of N01. In both of thesecases, membersN01 interferedwith omcerswere who attemptingto makearrests inend, theensuing noises, the N01 members they claimed beenInd seriouslyinjured. casesBoth y resultedlong in andinvolved lction, legal theInd WIis using 10111 ' battlesstir to upthe membersagainst enforcement lsw authoritiesand white peoplegeneral. in _ V . H x I hn~~, ---1 >5: '4 3;-;;;&~ , 7 . A v I_ , £;&~s'-=-5;- -_--"r~.' V. ;;'V x - " 54 - , §,*s.;.~* 92 '»92.-K21 ~_- _. .»-. ., _*..- »_f .-. T-".~..~- we '._~,_ _Y.g _< "92'- _' _,.~.' I 3. Hm- _.~ __= *_ __ .,__;.- w.__ > __,H._*__ __V -_ __ _,_,_¬.- 3 - ., ;_.E§-_,§*?,~ .._ .- ____i_,._,» A':~g~_Y',>,b__4.&.:._ _ 4, ; " . " . , _ . -*1 Q _Z,_"-I "f"_.:._._ '- ~1-1"-3* _ ff ' ,.. . -*~. -.,__92. - . . 0-: - .__,..-=.»..-_--. F?-.. ,-_ -4-.47»-1';~ *2. - :9. 92 92; 1i _k'_'1-{$._.§- 1 § _ ~< 1*#»-=-- __; f~_ -" - "P.-; . ¥. ,.',r-,, ;k2 ~; u92f;_;_v"j;§~ @i¢~@s»-§---ns-~n92-_~¢~.»¢-»¢- ~ ~- " >~- " I g if ' _ > '8 ..'_ _'__ I ~- 1 r . , t i.! '_ .3 92_, , . > G. T? '10 gm. pox nocrmuss, A'l TlTUDE8, I. Although Elijah Muhammad constantly claims he is a believer in _v zhe recognizedreligion oi Islam, many orthodox lluslims openly denounce w '-_ aim as a fraud, who is using their religion to deceive and exploit the American - 1 iegroes. Muhammad lays down the doctrines and rules which his followers Q iv-_,. nust accept. As there is no one written document setting forth the teachings - 8 X and beliefs of the Nation of Islam cult, occasional changes in emphasis '< nave beennoted. Therefore, the following doctrines, attitudes, and dogma of the DI have been compiled from the writings and speeches of Muhammad and several 1! his more prominent ministers. r 1 It must be remembered that N01 ministers and assistant ministers I the various templesthroughout thecountry arequite independent of one i .. 92 inother andof the national headquarters in Chicago. For this reason, the r 0 es/chings andattitudes re ected by the followers of Muhammad at various 3. amples and on different occasions often vary from mild defiance against the irhite manand "hisgovernment" insane to hatredfor all facets theof "white Lads society." ' i i i . K . F " ~ '55 :_ -r .-., .~ . ~.._- " - <~ -t :.* -/~.'w 0 _ 92' "-""'-i ~_, g i ? 1» n»¢w==e-Open: M--w. The following doctrines are those openlytaught by lluhmumd and hisministers throughthe numerousmeetings theof ID! visitor: or "lost-tounds, " may attend. They are also loudly proclaimed at pbllc meetings and conventions and throughthe many publications and newspapers in which articles by Muhammad appear. 1. Allah Himself Agaointed Muhammadas the Messeqg _ "Allah came to us from the Holy City of Mecca, Arabia, In 1880. He used the name Wallace D. Fard'.. .He also signed His name as W. F. Muhammad which stands for Wallace Fard Muhammad He came alone....He said, My mme isMahd1, lam od, loam to Guide you into the right path that you may he successful and see the Hereafter. . . . He chose meto hear the Message0! Lite Islam! to my people here., , = I have been raised and chosen by God bteach and lead you to Him, that you may see the Hemmer and you may do well to {ollowand obey me...." June-July,Muhammad, 1.553 Moalem World H H and H the USA "lam sent !romAllahandhave thehacklngoll lahandthe powers of heaven and earth to reclaim our people in America {rem their tormentors. " Muhammad, NewCrusader, Iehruary 2 1060. "Ieamed1rectlyfromGod.IarnguldedhyGod. lamb: communication with God andknow God. Hlmdnsatmwn ,> *4" .,.._ 1 - -, g , ,. 1 7, /_. . . ,1H. .5 ,1 W ¢.»-w"f:I-_- . . , .,, __, I.-:,.-, .~ ,5., ,,_' 1 ,7, = _ -Ff . I W; ._ v ,t&V Vrd: 5.1» .,. _ - __ , r ~ . -- . £.;;Jo ,. ~ 1A ¢f.::,A _ - ,. that was with me, l would not dare heiore anyone andspeakaslspeak. IiGod1snotIlthme, titiodislt _ , ~.' ..>,,.3y;¢<_.- '2?. ' - _." _..., ';.1B" t . - aj-.1 ::; §§ -~ -_s_'.. 4 -56- ' Q .- e ' - 4' 1 T 'c<-. '. -_-._ .§__>,'.- ' ,:,».. ,-.l'a$'.~._ , __, ._tl>:_. v -.,._&,'~§,5:==~,-4;., ,._..eV<;_- ; -._ J " ' - ,, * ma, '3. ».-_;»*- 5 ' ' ' '_ -- ' -"- "1.-w .'I,'~/Ii -¢'492-~fvw-.=;v1'-..-s. - <- - I ~ a J '5 ix protectinghow me, comecan! say and thingsno otherman '~ has saidand getaway withit? And why shouldI fear the Devil when Godhasgiven me knowledgecl theDevil. . " . g'- U C I O I I I "I am only warningyou thatyour Christianbrothers arenot =1 going to take youtoheaven, they are going tsketo youto hell. 1 {xI The onlysaie placeior youtoday tois followme, believein E"1 Islam, believein Allahand will you seethe hereafter." Q .~.'Q . l 'Muhammad, lgr.Muhammad Speaks, llay, 1960 l I ' i 1 2. Christian Religion Is a Hoax 1 ? . "The Christianreligion isa hoaxbecause teachesit Jesuswas I , born withoutthe beneiitof naturalman-woman relationsand claimsJesus was the sonoi God....Jesus wasbuta prophet 5. like Mosesand manyothers andwas abeliever inIslam. . . u Christianity asa religion was neverknown byJesus because it wasfabricated inRome alter his death .. 6 Christianityis Z not thereligion oithe blackman butinstead is a tool oi the white manbeing usedto enslaveblack men.. ..Throw the 5; Christian religionin thegarbage pmland thentake thepail and tightlike hell." . .92I * Muhammad, Chicago Convention, 92 February, 1960 » ,. i 1 P "the kind oi Christianity that thewhite manis teaching us 4 destroys lovefor seliand kind.It puts the desirein theheart » 1 d the blackman tolove andadorethe whiterace. .. .Thegod, I the angels,and theprophets havealways beenpainted white i by theChristians. Thisis a false pictureof God,and his prophets aspainted bythe White race. " 4 'T7 92;* '-av»'5 'tw."'=, 5: -2* 1 --.. ~'*;;~'!,;'.~,*?, ' ' l'2i spat'ch,_,::>,~. :.:,n.m,;1,.£<.~;=;J-.>ni- bi.-, ,a,.,»'.-.'.f»6 M5$8,A3? ~;d92"J iv 19% .-»_l.<._-' - Samiary . 7» 1%; 3;n . "$g.;~-- i c" I 2''~ .q;r.;?t: _ ._ ' 5" ' Jr",as _ V ' ' 1 ' _ - . ''' '- v'-1V.,¬I#'.$§-'7 7- " '1, ' ;~_ '_§l'7 - . 4 , . ~__ f 1 "Christianity was given to the Negro by the white man. Giriltinlg promises all things aiter death. Negroes need them now. Negro . ministers do not understandthe Bible and don't whatknow they an talking about.. . Jesus was nota white man anddid not_'iomd'_ Christianity. The Bible was written years alter his death. he Bible is lies made up by white man to tool the black mm. ' 1 I _ N01 minister, Boston, October 11, 1959 3. WhiteLian the Deviland OurEnemy - "The false teachings of his god andreligion, poison foods, drinks, and drugs, have brought the so-called Negroes into a state oi mental death. They haveno knowledgeoi sell, nor anyoneelse, and are persecuted and killed all day long by the white man, their openenemy the Devil!, who has deceivedthe Negroes into even loving him as they should love Allah God!. " Muhammad, LosAngeles Herald-DisEat__c_h, April 7, 1960 "The world knows that I am teaching youthe truth and, most oi all, desire justice for my people in America, with whom I have suffered allof my life. Allah God!has givento me the keyto loosen them£1-om thepower andbondage ofour ever-relentless, 92 merciless, evil, indecent murderers, our open enemies, the - devil slavemasters; so that our people may be freeindeed and - know theirGod ouronly true friend! andtheir enemies the devils!, who have deceived them and the world of the black natims. " -1»i Muhammad, Pittsburgh Courier, . August 15, 1959 e f 1 p "We are thankful to Allah for raising up from amongstus v. llijah Muhammad to lead us on the right path and to tell us who we are, to tell us who is our God snd to tell us who is 1 g ieiuhsmmsd taught us he is top of the groamri. "' r gI ' N01 minister, NewYork, *1 December 18, 1959 3? ._; _ , _ , .,.. . .,_» -1 ;-.y;x£;;!_ _921 I-3'-"~_~ /"5 F3 ...- . . .7 ' I ". . . all who are iound believing in the devils will be destroyed 55.-_¢;=.;_=';_ .=-. . F with the devils." Muhammad, Loo Angeles Herald-_1Q_i_gga£h:}7_ 'i.T,?* .? 7 September 17, I959 _ 4. yhite Ian aslnslavedthe lackllan "The white race went to Africa, robbed her of some of her native sons and daughters to bring to America to slave for them. These theso-called Negroes! were cut completely off from contact with their native people for 300 years; these blacks the white man has robbed so completely of his teachings and trainings, that now he l can use one against the other." ' F Muhammad, Los Angeles Herald-Digatch, ' i April 7, 1960 P "In 1555 our mothers and fathers were taken from their homes l by some Christian white men and taken to this country in chains. 5 Our mothers and fathers would not submit willingly to slaverylo ' 1' they were allowed to have children. When the children came ' forth they were taken away from their mothers so that they would - . not acquire any knowledge of themselves. Our mothers and fathers were killed by the white man and we, the children, had no one to tell us who we are. No one to tell us where we came . r fromandmostofalinoonetoteliusthatourGod'snameis 1 Alllh. i e 5 A . NOI minister, New York, December 18, 1959 "The Negroes have been blind, deaf and dumb to the knowledge of themselves for the past 400 years. A man cannot have respect for himself unless he has a knowledge of himself. This is why our slavemasters kept our history away from us. How could they use us if we had known that we are the best people on earth?" . New York, eptember ?7 7?~"*** 1,-~.» 4; > ' 3. . ... -I? 1" 7 > -1'.-_.; _ _ Qt; f.-T;-.,~ _.;~.¢_-,1;»>-' * . -.,..Y ~ 1 , '..~';; ~'2' V l " < - so - -<.'. ~T;-1~ ? - I J. _ a »~ -p l $9.» -.1 -"- g . ~ . ._ _ Y: . ' 1 t , "'*-" -"*1" -- T"1 ' 5 .1 1 ,2,---_¢...-....._' »< = g. > r ~ 3 ,,92i " .,. _-3. T ;-. ¥ s. wmgeManWill BeDestroyed a , _._. £1--"F .;.2». _.f- P i "LET THE $-CALLED NEGROE8 KID ' 2 R r 1 ¢ >. s timeoiourenemieshascometoansndandthat V E lromtheiaceo:ttheearth...." V - ' t l , O O I I Q . . f 5 ". . .God,Himseli, hatesthe wickeddevils andhas seta daytor 2 Y ,. P their destruction. " 1 92 e Muhammad, Los Angeles Herald- Disgch, October 89, I959 ¢ "Alloiusknowthatthetimeotthewhiteracewssupinlilqtbe ~ Y extension timeoi thatthey havebeen grantedwas givento them to - _, Q 0 n allowtime for the awakeningof the black man,and especiallythe 1 so-called Negroesin America, who areliving underthe powerd E the peoplewho are rst to be destroyed allof thepeople onearth. . . ." i Muhammad, Loe Angelel Herald- 1;- Dispatch, February18, 1935_ - § The devilhas usedus forhis benefit,but histime is up, and he will soon be destroyed. All those wholove him will also rm-nin n t the res of destruction." a. S M!! minister, New York, - I June I, N59 e. Black Man mm Be Awakened - "You, theso-called AmericanNegro, with the help ofAllah God! can solve your own problems. ". . .Beiorethe BlackMan canbegin to gain economic security,he , - -- ~ 1' ':"-',r~.; £4 > 4 . _ -my a -Q. .-»_ Q- ; .117 "Allah has risen me to preach the llessage of Truth to my mentally dead people. . . . " .- ,,§.._1" a -»1'. l lluhammad, Los AngeleaHerald- Dispatch,October 39, 1965 . , "We, the so-called Negroes, here in North America, should be -4 thankful to Allah for giving us Elijah Muhammad. Muhammad has brought us face to face with our open enemy. Before we met Elijah Muhammad our knees used to shake when we saw a white man. Muhammad has taken away our fear. " l N01 minister, New York, January 8, V 1960 2 4 Q 7. Black Man MustUnify and Gain EconomicIndependence » g- "1 have this message for my people, the so-called American Negro; _ $1 t truth for you is like givinglife to one who is physically dead. lhe -£ ; A aim is to separate the so-called Negro from the slave master and 1 P .. sit them in heaven; to give them a thorough knowledge of the scripture, rt » self, of God and of the Devil and the scriptures pertaining to them. 1 Unite all to own kind, next qualification for F.8 them their the self independence on the planet earth, in a place they can call their own. E; Stop depending on others to do for you what you can do for yourself. if "Unite, pool our income to help create, build a future for our peqale 1 regardless of whether they are Hoslems or not. Buy land, help e : u 7- r 92 build homes, schools, hospitals, businesses, factories tohelp mahe _ l 1 employment for yourself and your fellow man. These things may be 1 accomplished by you and me uniting together, spending our money with our own. ". f Muhammad,§»¬e.3e, 1§&0 yr. f Muhammad peakg, * if W if r; Q» ' Y. , _f Q H . , - .4 -IF . T »-vx V . cf ;.~- *~ M 1% J;L*5; 2" .§,->». - ' _'_ g A1 -61-. > 4. . .. . V. ,.,_ ..,,_.'_.,!. _. e__ _, I r -,, ., _ _ "' '~<'->" . ' ~'.V ~ __ 1 -- » I - q 1 I ! 92 Y t t , 92 ! I 1 , . . i y. ;r'L .. { » "Some usoi havehundreds andthousands dollars, oi lyingin the ; A white man's banks...sitdown with meandthinkonyourown i people's condition, as I have and let me havethis money, to me ' 1 for yourseli, and your poor nation, which will return to you in millions and billions. " - * A Muhammad, New Cnmader, March 26, W55 92 J , a. Black Man Must Have Landof il Own e "We must have some land. . . . Let there be no mistake about it. We must come out from among the wicked and be separate. We should be given land of our own, a subsidy in payment for the Q-vIi years our fatherswere used as bondsmen,and thenbe left to [0 - Onourown." . Muhammad, Hr. Muhammad - , Sneaks, May, T535 n "The so-calledNegroes mustbe separatedfrom theWhite race and given a home on this earth that they can call their 0wn."_ _ Huhammad, Los Angeles Herald- _ Dispatch, November5, 1955 A "Muhammad's planis for the United States to give Negroes either a tract of land, or several states, wherein they could form their own government. ' - "His point was that in accepting this land Negroes would not be accepting gratuities, but would merely be receiving payment of ~ back salary earned during the many years of slavery. " ;¬?i :_;'E §.;:»"% ii l ' ' ender, V < :.~'»*->;-~=~z»~. 4; . " . », _,,,,_ . ';. T-Yéi 41- -1,... 6 | .- e. . ~ . ':-* _~ , ' -7 :.n*l_-P11:»- _- _ - -{-.'M;7~~-wn - Q ! -. . --. $_ .- _ - . ». ~- ' 0 < - . . . r . , Q ¢_->-¢92, v n-,7;- £81-,_ H 0- -. cf ._ ' ." 1 l . , . .. . I . bri- ,. . . -. " A ..~_ :'~--.~ e~'<.. . V ' #1 . * - Y . i_ ,. ~4l". 92 '~Q' _, B. Attitudes lqgressed inClosed Meeting I % ._ _ ..,-'_, ' Ihile the openlystressed doctrinesset iorth in thepreceding ~_ reveal some d the belids cl the lollowers d Elijah Muhammad, the resl - I feelingsd the members cannotbe shosmthrough statementsmade atopen ' meetingsor irom articles in generally availablepublications. Onlyin closed meetings domany d these true attitudes reveal themselves l. 'Attitude toward Violence " ,;_ "/ ;>>4 Muhammad continuallypublicizes thepeaceful waysd the IDI, l andthough the openly publicizeddoctrines declare that thewhite racewill he T; - 1 _ ' . » '_- '-5 ~-_ 7&3. '~ »v_ .-__~ . I Mstroyed, itis saidthis destructionwill comeabout throughthe powerd I. . > T 5 -- 3 Allah; Etatements madel in i temple meetings reveal that Allah 1 will get some Q 7. V E ,- help from ll!! members, if recent instructions of ministers are followed by oi the members: " e man to bury the hatchet. We'll bury g A =1 , , ta 1 7 -O _ " _ . ' , - _ ._. _-.. _. _ -,.-_---_-01- -15 ~--~;- !?4: ¢;".;1r:,v _- 92'e'_" . _- ,, _ '.- _ inV § "§l§.~ --- I ' I s f -*_ ~ 2 ! ,1. "Ii anyonegives informationon theorganisation tothe white man, you must take care oi him. Take that persai °"* '1"!° " ° "1"'° -" i A ' " "Beads will roll if the white man molests a Negro woman. ..'. When you kill a snake, that is not hate. "Ii oneblack is man lynched, awhite man EB or baby! shouldbe killed. " "Because the white race is attempting to keep Negroes _ in slavery, heads will roll, and it won'tbe lm . " --6 2. Attitudetoward American,I'lag_and d Qovernment Muhammad openly advises his followers to show respectlor the American flag and theauthority oithe Government.However, templeat ~' meetings, theministers speakof our ag as the "rag" and repeatedly denounce the"white man'sgovernment" which they claim givesthem nofreedom, . - justice, orequality. Asan aidto theministers intheir derisionof ourlag- and Government,nearly every temple is equippedwith a large blackboard;the upper part of which containsa drawingof theAmerican agand the ag 0! the N01. Y v~ * ' Following are statementsrecently madein closedmeetings: Minister pointing to the Amer%.ee,,n said, "Our children are expected to pledge he it tiny end mm eons ere £13 » -. the , picture of a Negro a tree. ,. t . -- .: ....~: *"-,»- V . r . , ""- .'. , ., - *; . " =55-# ~' ~ "535? ,~ I tr eJ_~A-zit .' -..,,:u~§ -5' - 64 - .__;_ ~'_. _~_ L _ ' t ' . ~ ' " V ~ ' , ' '~'~:' -. /,_ , _ . ,. . .- - ;_-< - .. ~- - . .-. - .._ V ,'» -~ --= . -1 , ,4 -.--~. V -" ;~- 1?», - '- -~ . -r."'. 2.' -H-;~-r.-'. 1} ~-" - , - -_ ~ ' _--V . "A nu ' .6-_,f» _ ,~24' , » "53*6 ,- , _-_92'~ , _.- . . _.,__-~ ;. sk-- _. ~ ~»923. _ ?&~.:g~;?;*:¢- ¢~,92:1'1.} --»-._~.;._;,.>-_ -<.-.+,L92Tl.t'|,. £- -_ /1v~_'C..-~ - '9 ~ sh-,5" 3,," ' -V . __'I_'> '.}~ , ~ - . 92~- It .--v , _92 __.wi" " {P 5°? -'1-.-re._i _; ¢ Jet.~ ~; '.< 4;, 92~;- Ifgig- $.:- "-" "~ 4*-,§"".= s -_ ; "~¬';." a* km _-.¢_'~._ Q-! < ; !;",";..:v: 4»_'392 _ . ,'Q"3 '»'v < _ _,. ,__ , ~ . ~ *_~*-- ",~.e 2, ,=-'~- ,z~ ~ ;.-if .~92e';~.<=.v=~t~=»*i:'==. :'r=,..~ -. *.?',= 92-1»:-2. .. . _ '_, 1 -M» .~"~ " '7 -1'." T f""*" ," " "f7.¥:"5'§ r;_ . ""3 " A a L?V, __ _____v4v__I_V_G .~______> A 5 I ( _V : __'_ l >A',____:__M;'1$h,HhM I *_»____Q!ix ______92_. _ _ _ _ A? g:I__:_ __$tkyk 92 II, i |_ ' 1 Ll %_;__1 :2_°:_____ 8:__:1:5::.______E'______:21!_____8£u______°___£'5 tagso:3.5: l'92iJ92%A__' V _Q7_ :M%_W {r___81 _'"_h J " __ __I __&£_VB'_5 _ 1..- !'_AK-I !I _ '_ |__A_,',1; ,5i W_ ____h__ __hM_'1 ;____d_h_§ __hLEP_v_»____~VL__f__ _X Vl D___ _' c.• E• ·-. ->- .Q t:- t 1 I • "2 • I ..s- IU a -0 -.Q c;J• c,..e c u - i .!25. !:1 -a .I -.! c c i •2 - I .., - ~ I I •.. ~- i •..a • ~: I -• ~~ I! c r.'~~''l 9 i Li~· ' • ( ~ .' --E ,. ' fll- . ··~.y :: .. ~ .- ·.--:-: :... ~ .."A. .. "'·· _ ...... ,:_ ..... - _i__r_11 _U_:Vhr! __ ------_ _ >_ _. ~· ...... ,;...·~ .. -~...... ·... ~ . .... "'_. -··: .· ·' E»_'_~_M_j T; __r _ . ""' .-··"'vJ'j;:·~;.--·:r.~; ., . .. > W___r- If _ I?____7?:wt___1/ MYL 7 _" IVc .. '\... L • AU Q E__73 r;H I>'_"___>:_>A h _ .3_ ____ _ ____:Y"7_V>!_?__H__; _ I_____A§g:OH_ 'F'_J_1I¥ 4__ _E e :_§2; _3.____" 3HM 4, r J '._ I._.""§.A_ v".V. ~" g'!:2 ;_;_ 1: _>__>h_ _1;N_"_.'_:1"_1_'_____1'_ v'_____E? ____,___ ___ ___'.____"___ _ _ __ P_'_ _;LD .1_4_;V__J___P FREEDOM JUSTICE .• I . _; ~. . ~ EQUALITY ISLAM ~ i .. : i '· .. l l i ' I t• - I ' 'l .. ' -'· ! . .•t ... . ; .. - ,: - . - -~~ ... ·.:>" :.. :~···.-i-~""k;_:~~~ .. ~-~- ~ ;~::.. ~-\.'~-- -~. i. l>~- •.;.... -- <" ...... -.:· ... - ·-! . ~ .. '" I , ' . °- .~ ~ .~.-'92. ,-~ ". - no »- -r , » ii» - 0 ~. v. _ "United States agrepresents ireedom,justice andequality tor . , mily thewhite people;the redstripe inthe U8flag isfor freedom, just asit is in the Muslim ag, the crescent, butthere is a white stripeiollowed byanother redstripe which means there is '1 - only freedom ior the whiterace. " _ "Black manhas nothingto protect in the white man'sgovernment. ¥; Stop beinga tool, you haveno part in the United StatesGovernment. " L ... .3_ "You haveno justice under theAmerican flagand noireedom and equality. Underthe Muslimflag, thecrescent andstar, youwill receive ireedom,justice, and equality. The American flagis ior v ,_ white menonly." d i 3 8. Attitude toward Selective Service and Armed Forces Muhammad publiclystates thateach member oi theN01 decidestor himself concerningregistering underthe SelectiveService Actand enteringthe 0 Armed Forces. He claimsthe membersare emectedto obeythe Government 1 and make the Government proud d them. i However, whenspeaking beioretemple meetings,he saysthat he does »- not orderany ofhis followersto refuseto complywith theSelective Service z i 2 laws butthat heis against any cooperationwith the white man on thepart ofhis '25 1 followers. He also tells them thata memberwho joins the Armed Forcesis . l not consideredto be a memberoi the ml while he is serving in the ArmedForces ltsit can,if he lends earighteous weafter leavingthe service,eeiurn tothe $1. ' if mgr ,.r. , -_: ' _ _ . . _.___,>.-i. 4 .. qr Q -. - ' Q ~ t sh-t~- W ,3 .'~ . - -- l . .l= ; _ >~. _.,,_1a_,__, Ga 3, _. ».-~.».~»-».¢..=~..~-4 a _~ I -¢ .._ er.-.--»'~-Ha . - =;;¢<:.t-,»...._ ___._. - 1' .4-_.. _ _92-1.; _*_".-v ..__.-92.- .-L. '. *92 .r.. .~ ,__, f' _92.;_"f£;/1§_= 92- --.'~-»»* Wu» V - . - ~- i_~ ' ~. 92- r-cry;.:t*Yc":¢*~#2&'F51i '-"T"_i'=1.- _ r ," . W E <_ - ~ 92 ;' -my :2 : H. Q ;. ¢...- - ~ ~ _ m 1 short lm, made by Muhammad currentlyand being at . Q Ha ~ varins templesthroughout thecountry, lluhammadstates: do not register forthe draftbecause theyowe noallegiance tothe lhlted Rates. ' Ihy shouldMuslims protecta country which doesnot honorthem ortheir women,and in which theMuslims donot receivelreedom, equality,nd justice?" -i - 7 Muhammad's ministershave also spoken against elective Service. he advisedhis membersto discuss Selective Servicewith himybefore registering becausemembership inthe N01entitled themto statusas conscientious objectors.Another toldhis membersthat hewould ratherpl to prisonthan fightin the"white man'sarmy.' NOI membersare regularlybeing arrestedfor tailingto register under theSelective ServiceAct. Recentlyseveral members,upon being ' arrested, saidthey "hadno reasonto register," as they were"registered with stun" Muhammad's own sonWallace presently is "treembond pending appeal" aof three-year prison sentencefor tailing to obeyhis draftboard's order» i ¢- T23? Aw-fvtesbx H9!i!§@123.1s£: t . ha addition theto Precedingdoctrines andattitudes Which1% the beliefsor credooi theNation Islam, oi theconsider f0l10I'ln¢.& ~§Il3_"££-:_ UQ or "facts"which NO!members taught are expectedand accept. to All l -- - ~ ~ '_Q-.. -.1 I I :..*_-,-,_ ,,¢-!. .. _-V e.- - _ _ H .. . . , 7-. .< .'<*-~ . '92.--_,. -2, ',¢ -~ - - ' I -, ' ' 'I '- ~' ' .3'_4 L.»' ' ~_ . ~ §=L»Q§~ .",,;-': 5.;-F-- » , §.92v i'§ ?~92 ¬-r-*. .'f'1l£"..~ - * f " -~§_'!vfI -¢":'_- i ' " ' 5'- '=".;;'* j;@'-1-f: ~;;t ',-' ,;' ."._ "*~' _ 5 _ ___ ., as ,_,, -'_ .,..-¢-.g_.,.-_- _~ , 1:., -Ave-E__qQ'92. "¢ ' . i,- v - . » - g ' . - . . . -.. . . , _-._' _' . _.__,._ .u; ._.....,__.__.__.._.=_ ,5; J, jy£'.:"_-:~= 1';§::3.,"§ .,_ .3. §..,.,.-- "'1" - . . ' 2.. -1 .-. _ ,- ' - . -~ ': - :-'_,~-* .46-sax.--a-.-w ",-" -. 9 , , . ' ~ 1.» - ' ' _,- '_ i J :1? 1. . - '~ > ,1.92:' .' :V"*"j;§ . the followingexcerpts havebeen takenlrom recentarticles or speechesd " 1- '? - .§ Muhammadseveralhis and ofmoreprominent ministers. ._ i "60 trillion years ago the planet earth and the moon were one vlweh " i, f 4 "One of our wise black scientists got angry sixty six trillion years .'u. I ,. ago andwanted todestroy everybodybecause hecould not make everyonespeak thesame language.He duga shaftin the center of the heart oi this planet, filled it with explosives 92 andsetitoffthinklnghe wasgoingtogetridofalloins. He only blew it into parts; the part you call the moon was I '3 blown awayand droppedall the water on this side. " ~ '-i v t i X "The whole planet earth was knownas Asia. The black man lived in heaven in the place called lfecca today. In those days there was no one in Africa until one of the scientists asked for permission to take his family into Africa so that 4 they would be closer to nature. , This is why you find the 2" black manin Africatoday. " _ » >. 1 I "Originally all people onthe Barth were black; however, a i man named Yakub took some brown people toan island and If *4 by a process ofselective breeding,which tookhundreds of 5 years, produced a man who hadwhite skin, but who was _ u '. i. weaker than the black man. Be said that after the white k man wasproduced thatthe black man chasedhim out of | Asia, and into the caves of Europe. He said the white man lived in caves with dogs, and ate raw food. He said that after - a time Moses was sent to teach the white man how to live, but Hoses found the caves so dirty that he could not teach the white man anythingso Moses called together all the wise scientist; ;,toprochce ananimal thatwould eat the lth of the white man. He said the scientists tried the dog, the rat, and the cat; however, none of these were suitable, and ey nally produced the hog, who la a combinationoi we r = 1 frat, the dog,and the cat,and thehog cleanedup thefilth §¢w=~1=*=¢ Iv=1» we -=====»" am > &'za. - . ' . _ _ . ~ . -.~~-.;-.. 11>. "-~*m "' ' < -' ' '~' '1'1' -1 . * 0 - - ... he-. ma! .. ._ ._92 __~ . > _ __-, . >_{ _ .- _ ~L92,. F-_ _ . . . ._ ,,_s92 - ~ "L. . l " '7" ' ' '- - '. ;£:";>-f. LKJI-47; ... ''* -1. r.*.'*':3;,: £ : ' '. -'.-=;:;,;." ;-jt;"'.=',5 i - J .-I ¬_ . :=: ;_""';»E -" ."'a.__;-,.§i';"'' .. - -' _ 7""*- .< ;':-~.-'"*r < ' - .3-:: . '._""21: * ':{*.*§?f~,t -»'_~ T-"~r'. §_#I:» ' _-' ,2 :1; " ;. _~¢ ~13 ;'='__-~? ~~ ~ L,a 25-: Qé -§_~ ._;3f"" ;-5' I ~ L "The pyramids were built by the black man. The white I ' ' called this one oi the wonders oi the world. The white nan _ _ thinks it tookus 800 yearstobulldthepyramidsbtltitrsally took us only 20 years. we could havedone it hi ii years but we only worked on the pyramids when wewere on our t mew-" i " "Allah allows only a limited amountof time to anyrace to rule the earth and the so-called white race was given ' ' 6, 000 years to rule the earth which period expired in 1914 . The white race is living on borrowed time and the reason God has not yet destroyed the white race is that Allah ls I 92 waiting until all righteous people dark races! have Md the opportunity to hear the truth as it is taught by klam" . "An angel, a human being, is ying in an airplane with a mission to give the people the last warnings which will be in pamphlet form. These pamphlets will be written I or printed! in two languages- Arabic and English -and they will he droppedfrom a terriiic height over America, ' the only country that the Revelation is directed to. Hie everlasting Gospel,' which means, the last true warning - to the so-called Negroes and foreign Muslims will take place betweeneight and ten days before the final day oi 1 °'" ° °°-i " i _ 1 ? "North America will be destroyed by shortcircuiting gravity which wouldresult in North Americabeing engulfedin tire which F would lastfor 800years. "_ a P "The vision of !zekiel'swheel in a wheel is true it carefully understood. Thereis a similar wheel inthe skytoday which very well answers the description of lsekiel's visim.. . . l This wheel-like plane, its like never before seen. You 1 cannot build one like it and get the same results. Your a brains are limited. I! you wouldmake one tolook like it, _ L you could n0t get it up oti the earth into outer space. '2-,5, §»=.~~.~ .~.¢= -v > . -: -,7 ."~_ . $,.-. it ' »'v- .1, xv. > -§-n.,.*:'§§ . ... ~ e .,~". 3;.-./;7* " 2' _r- 0 ~ , _ - _.v .-.-.' - - _- - - » .- ,»" :;;;-,. :-'1.,"~ --;. - . .:. " .- -.-..:5'.',. ,~»»*.*§'r'¢4".~..~.:;Q . i -- "","--*.~" x .-"-if." -?"i' 5 .. ' '' »~ <--~$-':':w~'-15*" ~ " H ! H ' »- ' . . . ~. .i---92'- . - - ' A _Iothersl gest a small. "The presentwheel-shaped planetn Planes, isone-hall bya hsli-mile mechanical man-madeobject inth humanplanetmadeiorthepurpose epresant > worldotthe enemiesoiAllah. Thecosttobuildsncha 1 planestaggeringl The is nest brainswereused to build 1 it. ueis capableof staying inouter space six totwelve months at a tim ewithoutcomin g intothe earth'sgravity. I I carriesiiiteen hundredbombing planeswith most ? deadliest explosives. "Thebombs are equippedmotors with andthe toughestoi steel wasused makingin them.This steeldrills and takesthebombs intotheearthatadepthoionemileand is timednot toexplode until it roachesone mile into the earth. Thisexplosion producesa mountain one milehigh; not onebomb willtall intowater. Theywill alltall on cities. " 2. i "Allah hastold Muhammadthat He, Allah, willdestroy the <1. 5 wicked natim white race!." 3 "The so-calledNegroes shouldgive up the slavemaster's name andreligion andunite withIslam." . Lg . 5 I _"l'theynotunite with do Islam theywill be destroyed by Allah. Hethat wears the namethe oi 'beast' whiterace! f shallbe destroyedby Allah along with the beast!" re Additionalare "iacts includedE theLessons N01 tor members A ,.;_; set iorth in the Appendices. _ ..{; V .. 1; ; .. . ,._: , - T.,, A w - ..-,;_ ">§ ,,_,_. .~___. A-:'*'r _J . ._,.: ' $21 __? ~r ~< . "7 4--'32 ?-.f-3 -.--A,. '. . ,_<..2 Q3- »~ ------c I» ' APPENDICES The Nation of Islam utilizes several lessons which members are expected to study and learn. These lessons set forth additional "facts" 3 which are supposed toclarity to the members their history and the history of their so-called religion. Each lesson is studied and mastered before proceeding to the next one. 2&1 .1 ' 1 ' "STUDENT ENltOLLME_NTLESSON u 1. "1. Who is the original man? i 92f Answer: The Original Man is the Asiatic Black Man, Owner, Maker, cream of the planet Earth, God of the Universe and Father of Civilization. "2. Who is the colored man? _ Answer: The Colored Man is the so-called white man or * caucasian, Yacobs grafteddevil, skunk of theplanet Barth. é N3. What is the population of the original in the Wilderness of North America and all over the planet Earth? Answer: The population of the Original Nation in the Wilderness of North America is a little over 17, 000, 000lost-founds, plus 2, 000, 000Indians makinga total oi 19, 000, 000 and all over the , planet Earth 4, 400, 000, 000. "4. What is the population of the colored people in the Wilderness of North America and all over the planet Earth? Answer: The population of the Colored People in the Wilderness of NorthAmerica is 108,000, 000 and all over theplanet Earth, 400, ooo,ooo. -70- Q: Qgb "5, What isthe squaremileage ofEarth, how much island? Howmuch is water? Answer: Thesquare mileage of theEarth is196, 940,000 square miles. 57,255, 000 square miles island, 139,685, 000 square miles is water. ' H6. What isthe squaremiles ofuseful landused everyday bythe entire population of the planet Earth? Answer: Thesquare milesof usefulland usedby theentire 13 . i.*f' - population every dayis 29,000, 000square miles. -=, _ "1 Whatis the square milesof usefulland usedby theOriginal Man? I Answer: Thesquare miles of usefulland usedby theOriginal Man I is 23, 000, 000square miles. . "a. What isthe squaremiles ofuseful landused bythe ColoredMan? Answer: Thesquare milesof usefulland usedby theColored Man is 6, 000, 000 square miles. "9 What is the birth record of said nation of Islam? Answer: There is no birth record of said nation of Islam. ,. "10. What is the birth record of said other than Islam? Answer: The birth record of said other thanIslam ls: Buddaism-- e A - approximately000 35,years old. Christianity--approximately 551 l years old." 1 _ - ll - ! DH u _ "LESSON NO. 1 1. Why isn'tdevil settledthe on the best part of the Planet Barth? Answer: Because the earth belongs to the Original Black Han and knowing that the devil was wicked and there would not be any peace among them, He put him out in the worst part of the earth and kept the best part preserved for himself every since he made it. The best part is in Arabia at the Holy City Mecca. The colored Han or Caucasian is the devil. Arabia is in the far east and is bordered by the Indian Ocean on the South. 2. Why did Moses or Mossa have a hard time to civilize the devil 2000 B. C. ? Answer: Because he was a savage. Savage meansa person that has lost the knowledge of himself and who is living a beast life. Mossa was a half original man, and a prophet. Two thousand B. C means before Christ. In the Asiatic world it was in the eleven thousand year. Civilize means to teach the knowledge and wisdom of the human family Or: the Planet Earth. ' 3. Why did we let half original man Columbusdiscover the poor part of the Planet Earth? Answer: Because the original man is the God and owner of the earth, and lmows every square inch of it and has chosen for himself the best part. He did not care about thepoor part. Columbus wasa half original man andwas born in Italy, which is southeast Europe. His full name was Christopher Columbus and the place he discovered was North America. He found the Indians here, who were exiled seventeen thousandyearsago from India. They are original people. H4. Why did we run Yacob and his made devil from the root of civilization over the hot desert, into the cave of West Asia, as they now call it Europe? What is the meaning ofEu and Rope? How long ago? What did the devil bring with him? What kind of life did he live and how long beforeMossa cameto teachthe devilof theforgotten Trichiollegy? - I2- 14 , Q! { I Answer: Becausethey hadstarted makingtroubleamong the righteoustelling people lies.They accusedthe rightecns peoples, causingto iightthemand oneicill another.Yacob an was original black man,and wasthe fatheroi thedevil. Betaught devils the to do thisdevilishment. root The civilizationoi inArabia at is the - Holy CityMecca, whichmeanswhere wisdom and knowledgeoi the originalman iirststarted. Whenthe planet was iound,we ran the devilsover theArabian Desert.We tookfrom themeverything exceptlanguage the made andwalk him everystepthe oi way;it was twenty-twohundred miles.Hewent savage and livedin the cavesEurope. oi means hillsidesEu and Ropeis therope bind to in. Itwas six thousandnineteen years and ago. Mossacame two thousandlater andyears taught howhimlive toa respectful liie, how buildto a home ior himseiiand someof thetricknollegy that Yacob taughthim. Which was devilishment,telling lies, stealing, and howto master the originalman. Mossawas halioriginal, a prophet waswhich predicated by thetwenty-three in scientiststhe year one,iiiteen thousandnineteen ago,years today. 5. Whydid takewe Jerusalemfrom devil?the longHow ago? Answer: Becauseone ourof righteousbrothers, was whoprophet a bythe name of Jesuswas buriedthere, heand uses his nameto shield dirtyhis religion,which called is Christianity,also to deceive the peopleso they will believein him. Jesus teachingwas not Christianity,was it Freedom,Justice Equality;Jerusalem in is South Europe.Jerusalem is a name given by Jews, whichmeans foundedpeace, in itand wasfirst builtby theoriginal man,which was calledJebus, alsoSalem, Ariel.and We took the cityirom the devilsabout sevenhundred iiityyears ago. 6. Whydoes thedevil callour peopleAfricans? Answer:make To ourpeople North oi Americabelieve thatthe peoplethat on continentare theonly peoplethey haveand areall savage. boughtHe a trading post in the Junglethat oi continent, the originalpeople onlivethis continent and theyare theones whor strayed awayirom civilization and areliving a jtmgle liie. The original peoplecall thiscontinent but Asia, thedevils itcall Airica, totry to divide them.He wants us tothink allwe are diiierent. ' -13- Q , i n 1 < »> '7 Whydoes the devil keep our people illiterate? Answer: So that he can use them for a tool and also a slave. He keeps them blind to themselves so that he can master them. . illiterate means ignorant. . " Why does thedevil keepour peopleapart, from his social equality? Answer: Because he doesnot want us to know howfilthy he is and all his affairs, he is afraid because when we learn about him we will run him from among us. Socialist meansto advocate. A society of men or groups of men for one common cause. Equality means to be equal in everything. Why doesMohammed makethe devil study from thirty five to fifty years before he can call himself a Moslem Son? And wear the greatest and only Flag of the Universe? And he must add a sword on the upper part of the Holy and Greatest Universal Flag of Islam? Answer: So that he could clean himself up. A Moslem does not love the devil regardless to how long he studies, after he has devoted thirty five or fifty years trying to learn and dolike the original man. He could come and do trading among us and we would not kill him as quick as we would theother devils, that is who hasnot gone under thisstudy. Afterhe goesthrough withthis laborfrom thirty five to fifty years, we permit him to wear our Flag which is the Sim, Moonand Stars. He mustadd thesword on the upterpart. The sword is an emblemof Justice, and it was usedby the original man in Mohammed'sThus, time. it was placedon theupper part, oi the flag so that the devil canalways seeit, so he will keep in mind, that any timethat he reveals the secrets. We gavehim this chance sothat hecould cleanhimself upand comeamong us.His head wouldbe takenoff by the sword. The Holyflag of Islam is the greatestand onlyflag known.The Universeis everythingSun, Moon, andStars. Theyare planets.Planets aresomething grown or made from the beginning, and holy is somdhing that has not been dilutect mixed or tampered with in any form. -7 - . !i'> 10 Whydoes llohammadand anyMoslem murderthe devil?What is theduty oi each Moslemin regards to four devils?What reward doesa Moslem receive bypresenting thefour devilsat onetime? Y Answer: Becausehe is onehundred percent wicked andwill not keepand obeythe lawsoi Islam. His waysand actionsare likea snakeof thegrafted type.So hiohammedlearned thathe could notreform thedevils sothey hadto bemurdered. All Moslems willmurder thedevil becausethey knowhe is a snake and alsoii he be allowedto live, he could sting someoneelse. Each Moslemis required to bring four devils, and bybringing and presentingfour atone timehis rewardis a button towear I on thelapel oihis coat,also airee transportationto the Holy City Meccato seebrother Mohammad." 1 I 1 r -'15.. 1 0» " ~~o>*t#-" "'-:'"*:":- I 2 1 ' "LESSON 2 N0. . N 1. Who made the Holy Koran or Bible? How long ago? Will you tell II why does Islam re-new her history every twenty-five thousand years? Answer: The Holy Koran or Bible is made by the Original People who is ALLAH, the supreme being, or black man! of Asia; The Koran will expire in the year twenty-five thousand. Nine thousand and eighty years from the date of this writing the Nation of Islam is all wise and does everything right, and exact. The Planet Earth, which is the home of Islam and is approximately twenty-five thousandmiles in circumference, so the wise man of the Bast black man! makes history or Koran, to equal his home circumference, a year to every mile and thus every time his history lasts twenty- five thousand years, he re-news it ior another twenty-five thousand years. 2. What is the circumference? Answer: 24, B96 miles Approximately 25, 000 miles. "3. What is the diameter of the planet? Answer: '7,926 miles. Seven thousand nine htmdred twenty-six miles. "4. What is the total square mileage? Answer: 196, 940, 000 miles. One hundred ninety- six million, nine hundred forty-thousand square miles. "5. How much is the land and water? Answer: 57, 255, 000 square miles of land. 139, 685, 000 square miles of water. '6. Whatis the total weight ofour Manet? Answer: Sixty sex trillion tons. A nmit followedby twenty-one ciphers. -75- vi 7. How iast does our planet travel per hour? Answer: 1,037 1/3 miles per hour. 8. What makes rain, hail, snow and earthquakes? Answer: The Earth is approximately covered under water. Approximately 3/4thof its surface. I heSun andMoon, having ,. attracting poweron ourplanet whileour planetmaking theterrific -<>3 speed oi1, 037 1/3 miles on itsway aroundt.he Sun. The Sun 1. draws thiswater upinto theEarth rotation,which is called gravitation,in a fine mist thatthe nakedeye canhardly detect. But asthis mist ascends higherand increasingwith othermists of waterin different currents ofthe atmosphereuntil whenshe becomes heavierthan gravitation,then she distilis back to the Earth in the form of dropsof wateror dropsoi ice, which depends on howheavy themist wasin the current of air itwas in; there are somelayer or currents oi air real cold andwarm andsome very swift and changeableso when the water strikes oneoi these cold currentsit becomessolid ice in small round dropsin form . or in a lightfluffy formwhich iscalled snow,but thiswater is not ever drawn above sixmiles fromthe Earth s surface bythe Sun andMoon; thereason I rain s back on ourplanet is because L it cannotget outof theEarth Spherewith itshigh speed of rotathg . around theSun makesit impossible. Earthquakes arecaused by the Sonof Lianby experimenting on highexplosion; in fact that all the above is caused by the Son of Man. .1 ¬l A " '8.Why doesthe devilteach theeight-five percent, thata mystery God : brings all this? Answer: To conceal thetrue God which isthe Sonof Manand make slaves outoi the 85% bykeeping themworshiping somethinghe knows they cannot see invisible!and helives andmakes himselfrich from their labor; the 85%know that it rains, hails andsnows also hear it thunder abovehis head. But theydo nottry to learn, who itis that causes allthis to happen byletting the 5% teachthem; hebelieves in the 10% on face value. -17.- ii *" w7*"? ' 92 --13 ~ .3!! " 10. Who is that mystery God? Answer: There is not a mystery God. The Son ofHan has searched forthat mysteryGod fortrillions of years andwas unable tofind a mystery God. Sothey haveagreed thatthe only Godis theSon ofMan. Sothey loseno timesearching i 2 for that that does not exist. 2 '11.you Will set at home,and waitfor themystery Godto bring you food? <. i Answer: EmphaticallyNo. Me and my peoplewho havebeen Q. I lost fromhome forthree hundredand seventy-nineyears have l tried thisso called mystery God forbread, clothingand a Home, .5 and werecieve nothingbut hardtimes, hunger,naked andout ~ l'i oi doors,also wasbeat andkilled by the oneswho advocated ? I that kindof Godand noreleif cameto us until the Son oiMan 1 came toour aid, by thename ofour Prophet,W. C. Fard. 12. Tell us whythe devildoes notteach that?V Answer; Becausehe desiresto makeslaves outof all he can. Sothat he can robthem andlive in luxury. 13. Whatbring rain, hail, snowand Earthquakes? z Answer: Theycontinue daily,to teach the 85%that allthis thatyou fl see suchas rain, snow, hail.Earthquakes comesfrom that mystery Godthat noone will ever beable tosee untilhe dies. 5 s This is believed bythe 85%.The 10%know thatwhen mandies P that hewill nevercome backand tellthe livingweather helied or notbecause thedead is never knownto return from thegrave. All theHistory oi Islam neverreveals anythingthat noman had ever beenable tocome back£1-om a physical death. Butthere is Y a chancefor mentaldeath, becausethe lostfound wasonce dead mentally andmany ofthem revivedfrom it. But they werenot physically deadjust mentally dead. "14. Who is the 85%? " Answer: Theuncivilized people,poison animaleaters, slavesfrom mental deathand power.People whodo notknow theliving God, Q! U or their origin inthis worldand theyworship thatthey knownot what. Whoare easilyled inthe wrong direction hut hardto lead into the right direction. "15. Who is the 10%? '2 Answer: Therich, theslave makersof the poor, whoteach the -I poor lies,to believethat the almighty, trueand livingGod is a if spook andcannot seenbe theby physicaleye. Otherwiseknown is as the blood sucker of the poor. .1 "18. Who is the 5%in this poor part of the Earth? 3 Answer: Theyare thepoor, righteousteacher, whodo notbelieve in theteaching theoi 10%and areall wise and knowwho theliving 1 God isand teachthat theliving Godis theSon of Man, thesupreme P being the black man!of Asia; and teachFreedom, Justiceand Equality toall thehuman fanilyof theplanet Earth,otherwise known ascivilized people.Also isMoslems andMoslem Sons. "17. _Whatis themeaning ofcivilization? Answer: Onehaving knowledge,wisdom, understanding,culture, Q refinement and is not savage. Pursuit of happiness. 92. 1 I "18. What is the duty ofa civilized person? I Answer: Toteach theuncivilized peoplewho aresavage, civilization, righteousness, knowledgethe himself, of thescience everythingof :1 in life, love, peace and happiness. z I . v "19. if a civilizedperson doesnot performhis dutywhat mustbe done? E.1 Answer: If a civilized person doesnot performhis dutywhich is teaching civilizationto others they shouldbe punished,with a severe punishment.Ezekiel, Chapter3, 18 Verse; St. Luke Chapter 12, 47 Verse. A -'19- _1 gt D U "20. What isthe prescribed law oi Islamoi saidperson oithat ability? Answer: That the civilizedperson is held responsiblefor the uncivilized andhe must be punishedby thenation ofIslam. "21. Whowas thefounder unlikeof attractand likerepel? Answer: Anoriginal manwho wasa scientistby the name oi Yacob borntwenty milesfrom theholy cityMecca, inthe year eight thousand iour hundred. "22. How old was the founder ? Answer: WhenYacob wassix yearsold, whileplaying with two piecesoi steel,he discoveredone piecehad magneticin it andthe otherpiece didnot. Thenhe learnedthat the piece with magneticattracted thepiece that did not havemagnetic in it; then hetold hispeople that when he wasold enoughhe would makea nation that would be unlike and hewould teach them tricknollegedand theywould rulefor six thousand years. "23. Tell us what he promised his Nation he would do? Answer: That he would make a devil graft him from his own people andthat hewould teachthem howto rule his peoplefor six thousand years. 92 '24. u What washis idea of making devil? I Answer: Itwas predictedoi himthat hewould make devil eight thousand fourhundred yearsbefore he was born. 80 he was E born with adetermined idea tomake a people to rule for six ii thousand years. I N2 How long did it take him to make devil? Answer: Sixhundred yearshe was in graftingdevil, ormaking ~ him from the black man. % D5. I. 4 a I -QQ- Q VV 92 ------ q @-- - -,_.~ A {"1 I 26 What year was that? I IB 92 Answer: Itwas in the yeareight thousandfour hundred,which means 7 from thedate ofour presenthistory orKoran, orabout twothousand and sixhundred yearsbefore thebirth of Prophet llossa. i I '0 What wasthe nameof theplace wherehe manufacturesthe devil? e iv Answer: Pelan. The samethat iscalled Patmos inthe Rev;Chapter I, 0'. 9 Verse; an island that is situated in the Aegeansea. '28what And kindof rulesand regulationincluding alllaws enforced while 2-i manufacturing the devil? -v Answer: Yacobfirst rule was to seethat allhis followerswere healthy, strong andgood breeders.if not, he sent them back. Allthat hefound ,. that wasnot goodin multiplyingand thatthey shouldmarry atthe ageof § sixteen. Next,Yacob gavehis peoplethe lawon birthcontrol tobe x enforced whilemanufacturing thedevil. That was todestroy thealike and savethe unlikewhich means kill the blackbabies! andsave the brown babies. This law was givento the doctors, the ministers, the nurses andthe :remator. The doctorslaw wasto examineall that 1 marry andthis washis lawthat anyonedesiring tomarry mustfirst be qualifiedby the doctor, andin turn he qualifiedor disqualifiedthem to the minister. The minister would marryonly theones thatwere unlike. The nurseslaw wasto kill the black babiesat birth by sticking a needle in the brain of the babiesor feed it to somewild beastand tell the mother that herbaby wasan angel baby, andthat itwas onlytaken to heaven and some day when themother diesher babywould havesecured hera home in heaven. But saveall the brown ones andtell their mother thatshe Q was luckythat herbaby wasa holy baby andshe shouldtake goodcare cl her baby,educate it and someday itwould bea great man. All nurses, doctorsand ministers,Yacob putthem undera death penalty - to fail to carry out thelaw as it was given tothem. Also, the cremator who wouldburn the black babies when thenurse brought it to him; also death forthem ifthey reveal thesecret. He also hadother rules and laws which are not mentioned in this lesson. -81- 7 ' 92 -. omamuan-na{l'gaumH-QuAuuuMMQnn1na_uaq I[yan_>_~¢annaumunulh~nIHl III 4 u A I 923 ' Y 29 Tell us, why he was successful in all his undertakings? ' Answer: Because the people who were his followers obeyed Yaoob laws. Reguardless what he told them to do, they did it. If not, i they paid with their lives for every law they brdse. Yacob did not build prison houses to imprison his people when one fell victim of the law; the penalty was death and was enforced on every victim. ' 30 Tell us what and how the devil is made? Answer: The devil is made from the original people by grafting; by separating the germs. In the black man there exist two germs; one a black germ and one a brown germ. Yacob, with his law on birth control, separated the brown germs from the black man and grafted it into a white by destroying the black germ. After following this process for six hundred years, the germ became white and weak and was no more original. Also by thinning the original blood it became weak and wicked and it is no more the same. Thus, this is the way Yacob made the devil. 31 To make devil, what must you rst do? A Answer: To make devil, one must begin grafting from original. 32 Tell us the mental and physical power oi a real devil? Answer: The mental power of a real devil is nothing in comparison with the original man. He only has six ounces of brain, while the original man has seven and one hali ounces ct brain which are original. The devil has six ounces of brain. They are grafted brain. The devil's physical power is less than one third that of the original man. The devil is weak bone, weak blood, because he is grafted from the original; therefore his mental and physical power is much weaker than the original man. "33 What is a devil? Answer: A grafted man which is made weak and wicked, or any grafted live germ, from original, is devil. -82- .. Q ; 0 - Nu. And can you reform devil? Answer: No. All the prophets have tried to reform him devil! but were unable, so they have agreed that it cannot be done unless we graft him back to the original man which takes six-hundred years. So instead of losing time grafting him back, they have decided to take him oii the planet, who numbers only one to every eleven original people. N Tell us the exact date of the expiration oi the devil's civilization? Answer: Expired in nineteen and fourteen. If Tell us the exact number of years, months and days, of devil being birthed on the planet? Answer: Six thousand and twenty years. And seventy-two thousand, two hundred and forty-one months. Two million, one hundred ninty-seven thousand three hundred and fifty-one days, ~ at the date of this writing , 020 years, 72, 241 months, 2, l97,35l days! J I1 Tell us what the devil teaches the eighty -five per cent that the God, is a righteous and unseen being, exist everywhere? r: .., gr <,. Answer: ALLAH is God, in the Earth, and in the heaven above l and is just and true and there is no unrighteousness in him. But Q _l is not unseen; is seen and is heard everywhere, for he is the all ., { eye seeing. e '88.Then, why did God make devil? Answer: To show forth his power, that he is all wise, and righteous, that he could make a devil which is weak and wicked and give the devil power to rule the Earth for six thousand years and then destroy the devil in one day witholli falling a victim to the devil's civilization;» < otherwise to show and prove that ALLAH is the God; always has been and always will be. _ - -83- 92 i E n 0 92 Zw. "89. Now, tell us would you hope to live to see that the Godswill take the devil into hells, in a very near future? Answer: YES, I fast and pray, ALLAH. In the name of his Prophet, W. C. Fard. That I see the hereafter when ALLAH in his own goodtime takes the devil oi! our planet. v "40. What will be your reward in reguards to the_destructionof the devil? Answer: Peace and happiness. I will give all I have and all within my power to see this day, ior which I have waited 379 years. This lesson No.2 was given byour Prophet,W. D. Fard, which ' contains 40 questionsanswered byELIJAH Mohammed,one of ,, the lost found inthe Wildernessof North America, February20th. 3 1934. " iI L |.! l92 X "'v l LI i I 1 :_:_.:; _~J-_-5-=-.h - -_-_- --_ ._.-_ E ! NATION OF ISLAM Cult of the Black Muslims May, 1965 Y Federal Bureau of Investigation United States Department of Justice 92 John Edgar Hoover, Director l 1 65D - an 7792 TABLE or coursurs PREFACE . no Q Q Q Q a n o u n Q a ¢ no; Q .P_=.B3 summamr AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 0 Q n Q I 0 I 0 0 I A. 111 Summary ...... Q 0 u 0 Q 0 0 0 I B. Conclusions ...... a a n 0 n c u0 I .3 n Q n 0 u Q Q0 0 Iii I. ROLE OF FBI ...... I I ...... I O O O 92 vi » II. BACKGROUND OF NOI ...... 2 1 III. SIGNIFICANCE OF N01 ...... Q u n Q Q o I0 0 2 Conditions in United States Affecting N01I u I 0 0 I I 0 0 Changing NOI Tactics ...... 4 Communist Interest in NOI ...... o n Q u o I0 0 American Negroes Reaction to NOI . . . o Q . Q .n . Q. n .0 .. Q . IV. LEADERSHIP ...... 1 A. u c n | n u u n 0 National Officials ...... 15 B.Dissidents ...... 15 0 c n I Q u o 0 0 v. QRGANIZATIONAL srnucruas ...... 20 I National Headquarters ...... n u u Q o u Q 0 0 28 National Membership ...... Q c 0 I u p o 0 I Temples or Mosques ...... a a Q Q c Q 00 0 Temple Officers ...... 0 I O 0 o 0 0 0 0 28 Fruit of Islam F01! ...... a a n 0 n o n Q g Muslim Girls Training MGT! . . . . . n Q n u u o Q0 I 28 Schools ...... < n n = ¢ ¢ ¢ - 0 30 o I 0 0 Q I uI 0 VI. RESOURCES I '. I c O I . O I O I I O 0 Q I I Q 31 A. Sources of Income ...... Q I I o Q I I0 0 36 1. Funds ...... I I I O O II I I 2. Cult Newspaper...... 38 39 . 0;; O;>_ ti 3. NOIBusinesses...... 4. Public Activities--Bazaars and Rallies B.Wealth...... ,...... C. "Muhammad's3-Year Economic Savings Plan" D. Educationa1Center,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, VII. RECRUITMENT AND MEMBERSHIP PROCEDURES . . . A. Recruitment ...... B. Membership Procedures ...... VH1. PUBLICITY Q 0 n c u a I c Q 0 0 c | u n o n Q s Q 0 U o 0 0 A Publications ...... B. Exploitation of Negro Athletes ...... , CAdvertising...... IX. tsacumfrrumsugss AND i31_sc1i>Lms...... A x. NQ1 VERSUS?B LAWAND_OBiDERW ...... Security Measures ...... CProtection of Elijah Muhammad ...... Discipline and Punishment ...... Contradictions ...... Police Jurisdiction ...... Prison Confinement ...... FBI Investigations ...... ______§__ = l PREFACE A monographentitled "TheNation Islam" oi issuedin October, 1960, examinedbackground, the organization,activities,violent and natureof this .-92 fanatical, all-Negrocult thein UnitedStates whichis based on distorteda interpretationthe religious oi principles Islam of isand motivated by hatred of the white race. I I This newmonograph been has compiledfrom bothpublic and confidential sourcesto furnish additional informationon thisantiwhite group, which receivedhas considerable a of amount publicity.Trials have occurred involving prisonerswho claimedtheir religious rights weredenied duringthem Iv their incarceration;law enforcement officers havebeen harassedand assaulted if gr . 1 by lawbreakerswho claimed to beBlack Muslims;and Nationof Islam NO!! §5 membershave engaged in verbalbattles, as well as actualaltercations, with former cult members. 3. Even membersof leader Elijah Muhammad'sown familyhave condemned"Black him. Muslims,"since theassassination February, in 1965, of MalcolmX, who was thedissident number-twoleader, hasbecome a familiar termnationwide many to whobefore hadnever been awarethe of group. Hismurder deepenedhas cleavagesand multiplied allegations. l Resulting publicitycreated nationalinterest thatin part benefits N01, the F I i ; because this publicity tends to magnify the cult : position out of all proportion to its importance. The public news mediagenerally refer to all Negroes claiming cult membership as Black Muslims, and this name apparently hasbeen accepted byElijah Muhammad and the N01, but attention shouldbe given to the fact that not all persons classified by the press as Black Muslims are actually members of the NOI. This monograph will clarify some oi the distorted images of the cult andreveal thetrue consequenceof this organization. l ii ' Ci!, 1 I smmnnv sun CONCLUSIONS A. Summary ~ Elijah Muhammad hascontinued asabsolute ruler over the Nation ofIslam NOI! since assumedhe title the of the Messengerof Allah" following the disappearanceof the cult founder,W. D. Fard, in 1933. Elijah Muhammad formulatesapproves and NOI all policyand maintainscomplete controlover all funds and properties of the organization. Although he still lives in a luxurious style, his empire has beenshaken byrecent publicity concerning his immoralities involving manyof his young secretariesand bythe defectionof several members of the cult hierarchy. The expulsionin early 1964 ofthe formerleading spokesmanof the cult, Malcolm X Little, was thefirst outward sign of a growingdissidence among cult followers. Malcolm sexpulsion wasfollowed bythe defectionof two ofElijah's and sonsa grandson. All hadbeen cultleaders andall made many virulentaccusations againsttheir formerleader, whohad preached morality andpromised wealthand an independent, segregated paradiseto his Black Muslim adherents. The last week of February, ciiinsuaed hectic £14»; £92*"¢/iv A The dissidentMalcolm wasX murderedon February21 while standing to addressa meeting of Negronationalists inNew York City. Immediately, iii 92 O3 _~92 ~ ti charges weremade thatElijah hadbeen responsiblefor this murder, and threats weremade againstElijah's life. To further confusethe imageof Elijah and his organization, a few days later at the annual conventionof the N01in Chicago,Elijah's dissidentson Wallace apologized hisfor previous accusations againsthis father and wasreaccepted intothe NDI. At present, approximately5, 000 cult followersattend meetings ;v s . l of the 37 numberedtemples and31 unnumberedgroups, themajority of which are located in the East andthe Midwest. Nearly half of the total membership belong to only six temples. 9 Q Each temple is led by a minister, a Fruit of Islam F01! captain, and as many other-,lesserofficials as are necessary. Within each temple, the male members compose the FOI and the females compose the Muslim Girls Training MGT!. Both are operated under strict, military-type :-. discipline. 5 1 E Ff All NOIactivities arekeyed tothe raisingof money. Each 5 member is required to contribute to several special funds of his temple. K t Each member'sregular contributions vary among the individual temples from about $6 to $13. 50per week and are used to operate the local temple sand tosup ii nzid the iieadi:;u..;ar ters in Ciiicago. Gther revenue to suppat the Nation comes from bazaars and rallies, sales of the cult newspaper, and from the profits of businesses run by the temples. __,__ ,1 ..-- ,...... __...._._.--Q!.....___..___-.- -=. .l __n-g Since a large share of the money raised by the individual temples is forwarded to the Chicago headquarters, Elijah Muhammad has amassed considerable wealth and property. Recently, Elijah inaugurated two new programs to which he requests his followers and other "so-called Negroes" to make contributions. The first is a "3-Year Economic Plan" designed to collect money with which to set up a Muslim bank as soon as $1, 000, 000 has been contributed. His other program renews an earlier plan for an educational center to be built in Chicago. These new programs are given much attention in the cult newspaper. "Muhammad Speaks." A E1ijah's teachingshad been carried in other Negro papers which accordingly cult members had been required to sell; then, in the Fall of 1961, Elijah decided to start his own newspaper. "Muhammad Speaks" was a biweekly tabloid until February, 1965, when it became a weekly. Every issue contains by-line articles of Elijah and his featured columnists on certain phases of Elija.h s teachings. Nearly everything printed in the paper tends to aggravate the soreness of race relations in the United States and throughout the world. Always, the white man is portrayed as the brutal oppressor and the black man, as the innocent victim. Elijah recognizes the importance of publicity and uses it to aid recruitment. In N01 member Muhammad All--heavyweight boxing ciampion v 1 J J ». 1 I. Cassius Clay--Elijahhas awidely publicizedathlete whosedevotion to the N01is exploitedfor recruitmentpl1l'p0S¬S. also Elijah broadcasts on radio,and hehas advertisedunsuccessfully means by ofcards on public transportation vehicles. I During the pastyear, violence has eruptedon numerousoccasions between NOImembers and"hypocrites, Elijah's" for term dissident former members. Becauseof the many violent events ofthe pastyear, thesecurity protection givenElijah. primarilyritualistic inthe past,has become complete and serious. Though ElijahMuhammad publiclydenies thathe teachesor advocates violenceor disobedience to the "white man'slaws, "a militant approachactually is pursuedthrough obstructionof police and prison authority, excessivelyharassing demandsfor the"religious" rightsof NOI prisoners,and deliberateviolations theof SelectiveService Act. B. Conclusions 1. The apocalyptic religiousdoctrine thatElijah Muhammad, the self-proclaimed"Messenger Allah,of "espouses thein N01 is a distorted version of Islam. 2. Elij,ah'sappeal tohis BlackMuslim followerslies notso much inthe pseudo-Islamicreligious aspectsof his org;aniza~ tion as in his strong condemnation oiwhite society. 3. BecauseElijah hasbeen unsuccessfulin recruiting educated Negroesaccept to histeachings, a1lt'sthe will future depend vi 1 E A f F. 92 -Q J; ¢_----»_-- - mi--~ -Q4-QQA. __. .»~ ~ --- -.»4 Q Q . - ! l upon successthe his of concerted appeal the to less-educatedand, F less-privileged Negroeswho aredissatisfied frustrated and with ,. their lot in the United States. 4. Elijah'sambivalent teachingsbaffle hisfollowers. public, In he i vows thatthe N01does notadvocate violence,while incult meetings he preachesantiwhite, Christian,anti- and anti-Government conduct 3. and threatensthe "hypocrites. " Violence has eruptedin the past and L I will continue as longas confusion, accusations, doubts and prevail. 75 _< 5- Thedeath Elijahof Muhammadwould place thecult in a perplexing l..I predicament. claimsElijah be to thelast ApostleofAllah and has >- made no provisions aforsuccessor; therefore, upon his deathan xp opportunistic memberwho knowsabout goodthe lifethe N01provides 3 its leaderundoubtedly wouldstrive tosupply his own "brandof con- a 1 cocted religiousteachings" justify to assumingleadership the of i Nation of Islam. _ r A v v 1 t | ! ii..=i...s...._.._..._.._":}...... --..._-...-_... - ...... _.-.._. - Q! § I I. ROLE OF FBI One atthe FBl's manyresponsibilities is that of investigating members oi "basic revolutionary organizations or groups" who are dangerous or potentially dangerous to the internal security oi the United States. -ri Persons includedunder this responsibility are leading functionaries iii, and active,militant membersof the Nation ofIslam N01!,who becauseof I .8 their fanaticalantiwhite andanti-United StatesGovernment teachingsand beliefs I x would bepotentially dangerousand likelyto seizeupon theopportunity presented by a national emergency to endangerthe public saiety and welfare. Therefore, the FBI must determine the identities, whereabouts, and activitiesof theseindividuals constitutinga threatto theinternal security, and mustdevelop sufficientinformation andevidence tosustain appropriate .3 .' I action against such individuals or to control their movements and activities I in the event of a national emergency. s K 0 " 92 II. BACKGROUNDOF N01 A previousmonograph explainedhow theNation Islamof originatedone as manyof militantand cultistgroups whichhad arisen in the northernindustrial citiesof the United Statesfollowing WorldWarI. Brie y, theN01, knownat various times as Allah s Temple of Islam andthe Muslim Cult of Islam,developed in Detroit, Michigan, out of theteachings one ofW. D. 1- ard. Fardwas a door-to-door peddler in the Negroneighborhoods that ofcity. To stimulatehis sales, he toldhis customers histhat products came fromtheir homecountry fromwhich he also had come. Hisrather mysticpersonality apparentlyentranced his customers,before and longhe was instructingsmall gatherings with tales oftheir "true origin." Inthis way, the tenetsof the cult weredeveloped. Little factualdata wasever learnedconcerning andFard; after May, 1933 when orderedby local authorities leave to Detroit,he dropped outofsight and notrace ofhim hasever beenfound. Following I- ard'sdisappearance, of onehisfollowers, Georgia- a born Negronamed ElijahPoole, assumedleadership the of cult. Poole 6?Z§llZliU¬dFard that hadbeen Allah himself, had renamedhim "Z:§.lija.h Muhammad,Messenger the Al1&h,"3iP-ii of ordereci had himto coxiiinue teaching lost-found"the peopleblack the in wildernessof North America. 7 92 ..-t_-_~ . --.....en;>.-.s._._...e..e ¬ 1 -i<@,__§ Elijah wasactive inDetroit until late in 1934, when, because of trouble withlocal authoritiesover theoperation ofthe cult school, hemoved to Chicago.There, heestablished Temple No.2, which became andremains the national headquarters of the N01. During the succeeding 30 years, Elijah Muhammad'steachings att K. aroused theinterest of many personswho joined the N01. But E1ijah's .,, is. unorthodox approachand his demands forabsolute controlover thecult and l . its members disenchanted manyafter only short periods of membership. v 3 Still, thecult hasa certain influence a considerable and following. There are now38 numberedtemples ormosques, oneof whichis inactive, and 31 unnumbered groupsin the United States. Most arecentered in the Midwest and theEast, with a few groups in the South anda few in the Far West. i_ 5 > § -3- "> COPY 141 THIS DOCUMENT IS LOANED TO YOU DY THE FUI AND NEITHER IT NOR ITS CONTENTS ARE TO BE DISTRIBUTED OUTSIDE THE AGENCY TO WHICH LOANED S . ~, 92». Ix NATION OF IR 6 I ISLAM v vv _ ;_. I § .' I,.92 ir H1 I I 2 §3 I ,, 5 I I T T 1 I ___.4s',_ .»~ : . I FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Q;° UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE JOHN EDGAR HOOVER. DIRECTOR v-.'3 . 4» r, MONOGRAPH DA Title ofmonograph date: and "Nation of Islam,"May, 1965 Monograph recommended by: R. W. Smith Monograph approved by: Mr. Tolson Purpose of monograph: To clarify the distorted » . image of this organization $11 and to reveal its true consequence. Monograph is part of a series. .v i ,.. . Monograph will have current value as a reference work after a lapse of - six months or a year. . 1 i K I ¥ 1 Z 1 t . *< "i III. SIGNIFICANCE OF N01 A. {Conditions in UnitedStates Affecting NOI »s What conditions prevail in the United States which allow this unusual organization its present-day appeal and notoriety? Why is the N01 seemingly more important today than at any time in its history? r ProminentNegro scholars point to a new assertive mood, frequently called"t'B1ack Nationalism, " rising among the Negroes in this country. - But Negro leaders differ in their interpretation and use A tir- to be made of this mood. However, into whatever causes they channel ?; ~ this mood, all recognize one common concept--the American Negro is H a groupwith a heritage of suffering, taking action to force the white majority to recognize and fulfill its legal rights. , . i 2 We observe this new mood in the actions and activities of the bl s maiority of the nonviolent demonstrations, such as school integration, ti boycotts, et cetera, of the major civil rights organ- voter registra on, izations. The "Black Nationalism" of thesecivil rights organizations is expressed in their dedication to the integration of Negroes within the present framework of society. However, despite avowals of nonviolence, there has been a growing militant tone to the activities of the Negro rights movements. 1} § -4- 2 92 L J5} E K Public attention,therefore, hasbeen increasinglyfocused onthe most 92Z unorthodox Negroorganization--the NOI,or "Black Muslims, "whose particular formof "BlackNationalism" expressesitself inopen denunciation v it of thewhite raceand constantdemands forcomplete separationfrom white E!-1 society. . a f , B. Changing NOI_ Tactics Z ~-1 During the 30 yearsthat ElijahMuhammad hasbeen absoluteruler .~'u -92 over theN01, changingconditions inthe UnitedStates havenoticeably altered $.- ~92 1 § the emphasishe hasplaced onthe variousaspects ofhis teachings.This change ofemphasis hasnot reflecteda change of policybut hasbeen merely a response to external pressures and realities. For sometime, Elijah faithfully followedthe original teachings -4 of Fard, who preachedthat theblack people ci NorthAmerica werenot ¢ Negroes butwere membersof thelost tribeof Shabazz,stolen bywhite slave 8 traders from the HolyCity of Mecca manyyears ago, and that he himself had cometo America to find and bring back to life his lost brethren, who I must learnthat they were the original people andmust regaintheir true 1 1 religion--Islam. Elijahfurthered Fard'savowal thatChristianity was a tool of the I § white man formed for the sole purpose of keeping theoriginal black man 7 3 enslaved, andthat onlythrough followingthe lawsof Allah would the l 5 92 .-_ Q ,_ -. ____. .2 J '2'!I .2- t original peoplereturn the to Paradisefrom whichthey hadbeen stolen. 1 4 Elijah indoctrinatedhis followers with thebelief thatthe ta"- J 4t United StatesGovernment oi, was by, and forthe white man only, that Q the blackpeople didnot belongto America but werecitizens Mecca,of 1-._. r~.-» and that,therefore, theirallegiance belongedto the Muslim flag,which s.. I . P,51;.. would givethem freedom.justice, andequality, notto the American 1+ ;~~=- flag, whichwould bring themonly slavery, injustice, anddeath. ¢ . By 1958,however, fearingpossible Governmentprosecution, h , . Elijah orderedhis ministersto tempertheir militantteachings. 92 g. 1 I e Though makingnot anyfundamental changes,he de-emphasized the religious aspectsof thecult andstressed economicthe benefitsto be derived bythose Negroeswho joined the N01. Daring thissame period,the NOIconstantly emphasizedthe cu1t'sin efforts therehabilitation Negro of criminals,dope addicts, and alcoholics,by publicizing those hadwho joined the N01and had betteredtheir position in society.The formerleading spokesmanoi 5 the cult,Malcolm whoX, wasassassinated February, in 1965,had been r instrumentalin spreading the claimthat theN01 hadhad phenomenal 3 successin rehabilitating these Negroes.Malcolm, whopublicly acknowl- I edged that he hadbeen a narcotics addict anda criminal before joiningthe i N01, wasa dynamic and evangelistictype speakerof impressedwho 92 ~~ .1-1» . . .1 L Still anotherchange N01 of emphasisresulted thefrom steadily rising influencethe of present-day Negro civilrights movementThis caused an *z.~ increaseopen of N01denunciation other of Negro civil rights organizations and Negrothe Christianministers support who them.Negro leadersof the :1.- :~ civil rightsgroups called are the by Muslims "the blind leading blind" the and 5 ; .-' attendeda public Klan rallyand hispresence wasacknowledged by the Klan leader. The N01 minister was merely an observer and took no part 1-» in therally, following which, hetold newsmenhe didnot approveof the 5 . .» Klan. Still later in 1961, Elijah Muhammad tolda group of his followers all that arepresentativeof the KKK hadasked tocome toan NOImeeting to tell howthey supportedElijah's work.Elijah saidthat "if they showedup they would be carried out. " 1"- ,- Not all N01 hatred is vented on other extremists, civil rights ~» .v.; ,f' groups; andChristian ministers. The CommunistParty and the Socialist Q 4 Workers Party"are similarly denounced and avoided. Dis ident N01members havereported that Elijah has denounced ;'a~_ communismon many occasions while speaking at temple meetings. Ilijah's denunciations are echoed in the statements of his ministers. One N01 1 minister told his followers, "The N01 does not favor the communists and we - 'P92-,44 will not have anythingto do with communism. Muslims hate communists 292 worse than the white people hate the communists and Russia. Communism 92 ; is no good for anyone. " I al Noncooperation withany groupof white people isthe BlackMuslim ti rule. The N01 prohibits its followers from participating in or lending support to anyorganization ormeeting whichnon-Muslim Negroesor whitepeople i t. sponsor. For example, an N01 minister on the west coast had agreedto Designated as subversive pursuant to Executive Order 10450. 92 1 b ' 92 {J R 1 participatea labor forumin in May, 1964. When he learnedthat Clifton DeBerry, the SocialistWorkers candidateParty President for the of United States, also was scheduledto speakat the forum, ministerthe askedN01 headquarters if he mightstill take part. Denial was immediatelyforthcoming, the andminister "92 cancelled his appearance. '1 ra- '3 C. Communist Interest in N01__ The CommunistParty, USA CPUSA!, sympatheticwhile the toN01, hasa current policy advocating of supporting and integrationrather than 1. 30 »:. segregationNegroes of whites andthis country. in Ironically, CPUSA the for many yearspursued official an policyof "self-determination, " ora separate nationAmerican for Negroes.In 1959,when Partythe concludedthat such a t ~ segregationistwas policy inimicalto communist interest the in civilrights i I movement,Party the changed its constitution. CPUSA spokesmensince that i time have condemnedN01 the andthe formerN01 figure,the late Malcolm X, as "ultrareactionaryforces" amongthe Negro people, once singledand out :14 . MalcolmX as an "opponentof the Negro people. " .-- However,Party the hasrecently moderatedits attitude toward the V.» . N01, and communist spokesmennow usuallyrefer the N01to program being as somewhat "Utopian"and"divisive,thus, " notin keeping with communistdoctrine F In thisregard, Party the hasstated that the N01does representnot large the majorityNegroes of this in country, who seekequality thewithin context of an U integrated society. L F - 9 - 3 92 '">9 _."' >¢-_~-Q-Q~ali@ M 5. ... . ~92 _r~.; 1.. ; -§~'~l. . lI P9. While the Party does express sympathyfor theN01 on the grounds 5... that thecapitalist systemin thiscountry responsible is the for conditions in Q r whichprotest a movementsuch theas N01can arise,the Partyinsists, course of that onlyunder communism will theNegro full havefreedom. As a result, the M. . ,5 '- Partycircumspect is has and rejected a policyof active cooperation the with N01. i; . 4,, to In contrastto the CPUSA positionis thatexpressed one by militant It1 Marxist group,the Progressive Labor Movement PLM!,'which a follows i mag pro- Chinesecommunist line in this country.A leading figure this in movement, up, .-1.1'0 ,1; who wasformerly in the CPUSA, statedafter the Harlemriots of July,1964, that the PLM waswilling workto withany groupin Harlem--Black Nationalist .A92 ».- or Muslim included. Several articleswith pro-Chinesea communistslant appeared in ..1, "Muhammad Speaks"in 1964.These articleswere undoubtedlypublished 1$ r becauseN01 the considersthe Chinese people be to "brothers, " inasmuch -92 ,, asthey also are non-Caucasian.Onethe of articles,prepared Robert by 4~a . Williams,Negro a extremistwho edto Cuba to avoid prosecution kid- for a . _ ,i nappingwho, andin his speeches and writings,advocates in violencecivil i rights effortsinthe United States, describedhis visitto RedChina, He stated thethat "American of African descent, whetherhe understands enough 5 92 t i t i. >' U 3 . 92 , I-_ *-;_Qn£-in-1::=_A;_.;, _-_.¢e_. ... 1 _ - ,_ -0 K e - §1i_wqf.Zw- x5§.q¢V . . i , .'_¬ I- n - '~ ' ?."" ,'l"?" ."§' ""'-""'§ " ii-H .'~ a > x .' 7 ~-.-1 L~ » D. iimericangliegroesl Reaction,to NO} A well-knownNegro authorhas written: "It isan interesting historical there is so olten .-~ I . phenomenonwhen athatpeople reach the precipiced despair, 01 waitingthe in bushes a savior--a messiah who promisessmtch to themheck it-1 -.4 trom theedge oi the abyss and turntheir grief into greatness." ea 0.1- To somedissatisiied Negroes,Elijah Muhammad, the sel!-proclaimed .., "IessengerAllah, oi appears " bethis messiah.to Describing a speech in in 2,} >92 1 llos Angeleslast summerthe calamities which have beiallen in peoplethe -3 "United States,Elijah asked, "Who hecan saved?" His answer was "thelluslim ,. 4:. 4-, V believerswho faithfully followed obeyed and Messenger. His . ..The wisestand 84 ,1 .} " surestto successway is tounite behindme.I assure youthat, with the helpof : .o 4-K;1 Allah, willyou accomplish your goals: money, homes, and friendshipsin e< _l_~r . good 3 L I. allwalksotliie." b_ . I i 5n .$ 4 Negroes livingin slum conditions, hopelessand frustrated, teel .'~ 4. may an answer_to theirmany problems.Thesethe are Negroes, the J. less-educatedleast-privileged, and whom to Elijah directs appeals. his I_'or I?z. I ; these Negroes,the Muslimmovement a providesmeamby which they bothcan K _ _ d_V-_- : : , _ _ M{;'.._..,_.;:_.,_,7. _- . _ . I r i _!I - -;< ~= =. 3:. £5-Q... .'-¢1_.<_ distant whiteworld, they as standsurrounded other by friendly black ._,> S :'< -QA 1 joined the N01 purelyfor selfish,ecopomic reasons,the bulkoi theNegro ~-5:: '! populationlittle shows interestin the religious oi aspects theN0l. .1 _ F 2 Negro onleaders manyoccasions soundly have thedenounced withN01 If its '_ id 5}»~92 ' versiondistortedIslam, of whichcontinually allattacks established age .1»-' 1?3 the Negronormally to looks forleadership. a noted AsNegro pastorin . 92 T7;Yi l Harlem warned,the teaching of theBlack 1luslim8v"isgoing in 1 way emu-uy - to what we knowbest. is solvesIt problems, no only but begets greater i -1. i .1-I antagonism. " p T 4 ?!v . 3 WhilethemajorityoiNegroesintheUnited8tatesdonotrushbd 7%-,. 4-> :;- " .s U_ I. .4 1»..- :35 join N01,the manyseemto respect it. Among those who do notjoin, z ... 13$ $ s L >I participateany in criticism oi it. The lluslimadvocacy black of supremacy . _.. J 7 H 11. .~ ,1 arousesthe sympathy oi many Negroes. silently They applaudthe holhess ps i T en *2 of Elijahand hisministers, openly condemnwho white people.This taps C I sentimsmsracial of pridewhich seldomfind avenues of expression. "' J. .'__'. -" g ~»Jl:- ?;.-- L ;5 a . - . . _ . - _. ._'1-_. ->-s J .- V:- iiislinil',_'repeatedtor cleanliving, sell-respect, appealsand self 92 ;..r,.,..92. *~> if ~- . .-. , .¢! '- 9 ~'-st I rl Jr l E; ; oi the white communityapparently gainedhave conside 92 .. '. ' ~ . _ i"~"-""~':--I »' .. 1-it-~ "-_ ' .-.-- , - _;,',,"_ -,. .,....,_.,- ; -- _":,§rv-V-, -. , »*.'1r-ye- >_ s. -; . - -.__..- ~_.-..._.¢...... - -~ , .-- 1:_--- 4 7 >__ "~*~ _ :~:_ _T_-_ _ _ .;-t_z~-u,i |- _- A_ - - _- -.- s on ' s N?! .-. _ , >1 - . |; 1 4"!J respect amongAmerican Negroes. They approve oi the way the lluslims live. - g - ; "l.' 4:: 4 > 92' Lacking knowledge oi the complete teachings at the cult, some Negroes see the 3 economic advantages only. Attracted by constant publicity about the claimed u9 rehabilitation oi criminals, and seeing the many photographs oi well-dressed Q ministers and members of the elite guard, Fruit of Islam F01!,they are IL if impressedwith the apparent success the N01 has had in bettering conditions - ;;_, . cl these members.They feel that anything that could helpthe Negromust be I pod. am, Those Negroes who read the N01 newspaper, "Buhammad Speaks," see in every issue a list of ten demands--"What the Muslims Want. " The rst V three oi these demands--full and complete ireedom, equal justice under the law, . -3 equality of opportunity--are iundamental principles which make up the American creed and are desired by all segments of our society. But other stated demands s d the Muslims include land ior a nation oi their own, exemption from all '5. F taxation, freedom from prisons ior all Negroes,and so forth. nose are impracticable, but many uneducated Negroes cannot help being receptive to a some oi these demands. ' ' ' , Also impressed by publicity on the N01 are Negro criminals serving I .14 in federaband State prisons. They are a very receptive group, who see 2 92 - .1 ._,_ llaslim ~ - ' within the prisons as an outlet for protest 1 ,~ against their _ ¢"> - 4 V. '1 ,1.-,. - a ~-' .<§i'__n- "'1? c ,r' -.$_ - . _, .,~ £3. 4 4_.~ - _._ .,.,_ " .:'.= =._ __- »Y _. . '_ . .92 ~ , . .. i » ~ . 4 ._ . n. ,, i '5 u ~ "' 7"---->. ~- '"~ '- _ I . .. " >- '* _ ' ' - V ¢~'§ .I._ H. 2. .. ..3',. -a_.-~ . V 92 r . ' _ L'_'", - . . ' In-n--..4_~_ -_..4:.11 1. 1 . t . . With theattitude what-have-I-to-lose,of hope they thatsome bene ts might cometo them by joiningthe N01. I 92_r.1L~1 For a multitude of reasons, there are American NegroesIb - ' sympathize with the Black Muslims or actually become loyal followers d i Elijah Muhammad and his N01 leadership For those who join, "the l£essenger's"word is law, and all who wish to remain in the cult must follow" llijah's mmdiscipline as imposed by his loyal ministers» an um discipline has not been able to prevent trouble in the cult. ._ v~ Ilijah's formerleading spokesman,Minister MalcolmX, Illjalfs ' sons Wallace and Akbar, and his grandson liassan Sharrietf broke from the cult. _I- romthese former leaders, we heard Elijah called "a religious taker" and "afraud" whopi omoted"concocted religiousteachings. Another " HG~ minister who left the cult in disgust described the N01 as "organized like an army"- -the members just "following along" trying to obey the strict discipline demanded bythe higher-upswho arecarrying on "one ofthe biggestrackets J " lntheland." = Who are these higher-ups of the N01? What type of man leads this , strange organization? . " gr . * z" vi ' "j",.v- _~ '-"Jfa».-:' . .4. »'_-_ Q x£:'Lf E < ~_' e » 1. vi v . - ..- Is 1- ll - ' .. . . ».IT'r=?:»-=§..,_;* * *1- ~ i.-- ..- _-"-"' ___'-~ , . _ '-1_* _ ' * ~ '>¢_1 hssnI l, ' I - ~' .7? '' ,', '92. ' --'92-'42? -", Pw::';,E::I; /-ail - .»w Q s_' . 4 ,-. ,_ ,- -... . I 0 ~ '9 £1f 4 l. C 4 IV. LEADERSHIPj___.-----" k. 5/ .;_A I. L National Officials 3 5* Absoluteruler over the N01is the "llessenger of Allah," tliish . .. r.>.' Muhammad,the 67-year-old former ElijahPoole fromSandersville, Georgia.formulates He approves and N01 all policy and decisions, has <2 s considerable » ' .1 .92'the entireiunds the oicult at his disposal, andpossesse .~,';Valuable propertiesthroughout country.the E : This small,frail, seeminglymeek humbleand man,who has if I and F,» onlyfourth-grade a iseducation, amaster creating at myth,mood, 5-§ mystery. Elijahpossesses that "something" mentionedin anessay on 5,! -,1 4 . leaders attributedto GeneralCharles Gaulle, de "Allah's for Messenger" .4 seemsunderstand to that "there can nobe prestigewithout mystery,N. ' . ._ tint, "in the designs,the demeanor and mentalthe operationsof leader,a , ..:2 A . there mustalways a be something which otherscannot altogetheriathom, >~.s which puzzlesthem, stirsthem andrivets theirattention. ~ Never appearingbefore public the withouthis black pillbox hat Z; 1..3 generously encrustedwith jewelledstars crescent,and seemsElijah 8;, rt is havea touch of the patient Orientalin mslace. neis not a dynamic - - t §'-f"s , ~. .:- ~w.-'f»'~ speaker,V public lectures,his ratherrasping drones voicein on.~ L~ ,f.92,;v 34-; --*"»*.92._, seems to knowto when shakehisaudience _ imo'l'W Q?}'V-§'I'p,;;1 "_ W '92 K . 1 _.4-..¢. ' ~ - - - . , - .- . ._. _.. _ , . , -- 0 I : 3 1I » /_." e "3 . - excitement Buddenlyhewill electrify them with a tiradeagainst "Qhlhsthe 92 devils,the " Government,or nonbelieving "so-called "Negroes. y ' From everyspeaker's rostrum on which appears hebelore the public, Elijah practicesbrinkmanship to tactics thefrenzied delightd his audience, '. ~92 ._4v some of whom frequentlyanswer veiledhis accusationswith, "That's right" .,_._,g or "PraiseAllah." They"get themessage" evenashe carefully relrains ,-,1_ . $ il- 1. from specificlanguage could which cause himto be arrestedfor "incitemeln" ~,' ,' or "advocacy. " _ 92 Financiallymaterially, and Elijahhas donewell forhimself theas "MessengerAllah, of with " hiswife,C1ara,and times at some of hisei it Q children, Elijahresided many for yearsin a19-room, elaboratelyfurnished V t _+_-J homeChicago. in Besidesthis $75,000 residence,he owns alsoother propertie "F4 I" in Chicagoand elsewhere.In Chicago, an apartmentbuilding a groupand of 1 ,. ,, . 92 w other buildingsownedby Elijah are valuedat more than $200,lI . ' ~ 1 ,1;: ii In 1961,claiming continuedhis asthmaticattacks it ?'i_ .-r for himto leave Chicago, llijahpurchased $24,000 a swimming-pool-equipped I; _. _;. residencePhoenix, in Arizona.He hadthis housecompletely remodeled J . -i. I _,. and movedthere in October, whilehis wife continued to maintain the homein lit :1 _',Wanting pretentiousChicago. morein Phoenix, surroundings2: s :~;: 12- roomresidence builton adjoining property, imo which he I - ta. .9 3.. . - - -..- ._ V - 5% 3" 1' I. '1 <. : . ' M r.-- ;¢~_-lg 4- . Q;"' %',~. __,..1 -.1 I:.~'- . ekeLb--_ I~w.* . » . I s _ ' -"§.¢;_._¢»» c - _ _',_ - ~v p 1-_;;,~_ _;'a._~s-~' _,-..~~> _ 92- A. '>»"_j! ¢~~ 92,¢.~1__;,ir ._ Yr s -._ . .-_.-c -. _ ___ , _ _, _ ---1,- cr -- ..' =- ., 7' ;-. ».-1.--r-'-<,;>*. - _ ~ . ,- -. _~_ < ~, - . - -. ._.K .-"" e -* ?6'. -""',';',-.¢-=-.:»- "v"¬~* :~- Q ' V .- II --4" - . ..- ' 5' -g '_-~...1 - J. -' . _ , *__ ' . ;*- - *'_ ',:;¢?T. .»'i_;~t"; 5 § _ _, _. ._T ' ' > .-.,"~.'_~ 1 ~ is ~7' q§,_.. 1 .~ .=»l _ ., t. ._ c.-.,. §4'_.. 5-.-.2--__ 4- ~ . ,v-, . A , ~ ' : T_; --7-?-" - ° 5-".92 - ;.._ 7:j --;" .*592 -;" ' r .' ,_:_' 1,. _'._, _ -.'~'r*.; 92___ """ *-"2-92.-- , _ J_ ~?§ 5~- =1?-" __2 "» "L- 1-»_»§_ u___ __3_ E______' ___ _ H__,"______ _1,__ rm: KA_ _~__ 9 ? _:f_ I : ~_ ___{ M___92 Ii ___r_,___ _ wif, ._ ___i_m__. it. __92___,>_*_Hj_:_W__>____'_ _mamid_U:____ IAiik__:__?_K _M H_ V_____qX _~__1A_I>___ __ _"_ _ c ,_*_____?_:9____ _$ _£~_ _5_'___ _fV_,I _A%_ _VWm _v_~H §_>_ _>I - V_r _;__~£_ __&éQL_2______'___! 92_ ____%_~'__*_&_Hv__M_§;f _ ___>_£?;___ __ __:_____n ___Ni__ _,_ A_" _r_ _ ____Lu______h__9___._ vL _'M___ I____Q_: r_t m_H >'_Y v_:______'__'LW»_ 3 -_¢__§_"W_.__M_ U_2-...___H_¢_V __m_H;5% _Vv<_ _a P_!_>___4>_Y__}; ___ __A_'muAeJ! -V_v__>____m__Yl___>____.M___F U_ _?_; __~__Jio Nu_:_____ _ U WD_ __mifIQ _ __ H _~__,HV___Z?__MI '_H__._____n_I'_.I. _ __v_>__ __i__@$ :;_V92 _L ____Vv___ __ _'> __v '_____v>vV._'_x___; 'g;'_>_!_v __i _}:1"! Hmlmma__ _gJ!IJU_mH_;'_JmI_ 92_M.§___g_H__!__$_"_,_ " w___w __r_ ihm ¢§ h§®JgMi_a__¢_____3 5 WK; L _ A3. A_>.__,>_._:_> __;b_E:.y92_ifH: ;92 _ ,1i_Qh 3__s__§A££ R:F"QVipEL'_ __ _u_. :_92!t__It if' _t _ D1 __ _ . 92 " -., . 4 I - .- . ~ - _ ,- -Qr_'.§/. -é4l p!';mfP-,,~_»_._,...,_ -1.-. ¢_ 1= :1_ . n-1:174 __al>~ -' __ g ._; _<-; W ~ ~47 , - ' ' " '.-'..-.<~?'- i 1-J =?'<.92 5~ _' -. - .1 ! » if: -;'x -e-'...~- . .@I January, 1964.This home and itsfurnishings valued areat approximately G':,-is L '1» 92. -a . | 9100,000. ls retains theother Phoenixhome ashis office. _ 1, ' Though the headquartersof the N01 remainin Chicago, Ilijah spent- 92 1 mostof his time inPhoenix, wherehe is served a bychauffeur, cook, all! A severalfemale secretaries.lnvolvements betweenElijah and several of his :0 young, unmarriedsecretaries resulted have considerable in embarrassing 92. pblicitytothisleaderofacnltthatclaimstohavemoralsolits raisedthe members throughits strong condemnation of adultery, fornication, lying, stealing, smoking, et cetera. .535 ,s~ In July,1984, hos in Angeles,two of these former secretaries filed92 -x -1. E 92 P4 ; paternity namingsuits Elijahas thefather of their children. of Onethem y J claimed Elijahhad fathered herthree children and theother claimedone child "v . Yr! lP by llijah.In Chicago,in July, 1962, two other former secretaries. . causeda " .55 .- '1'publicized when incident,each of them left herbaby the onfront lawn 0! V 9 ' $3 V . mum: residence.Bach claimed um sumhad fatheredher childand demanded" ix i' l thathe continuesupport. Since1957, severalother youngsecretaries hare. I heen similarlyinvolved Elijah with andhave bornehis children. The situation I0 has becomeso notorious that membersof some of llijah'stemples jokingly . referone of theoccupational of servingas a hazardssecretary to -,-Q4 ' ' $91.'7'" wife,Ciara,daughters, . his hishave sons and Q iii been A ° r 8 llijslrs misconduct for severalyearsbecause butof theircompl A '5 '.._ '- ~ - v - -*~. -.~ 1~- 31%;- -=.. - . ' < -'.r_e ;. . ;'._ - _ _ ' v -.-__:_.; 4 __ ..~_-;:__.~ ..--., ., 32¢._,. 1 ' ='L92-3 - 4 - »~ u,.____~ - ' »'~' _ ~92 L3-"'3 . - ":.'..u. _ - ' _ __'_ - . <-,.1: _,, ¢ f1- 4< --B*_ P . ."v; _- - .;>"- o~',§J .-Q -- ,;¥§,.!-1;.--.92- _..~ .' ;. e-___,, - __<»,§..-.: __ i ;. ._ 92 -7:3,. : .. .~t 11 h ~, : _ _ .- _ ...... ___ _ W _M ___ , 92 _ _-__§;;.~ _ E ~ .3;;<1*='.-'1 -~__ :'_j _ 44- I~= »';'-~= ;-:*1'»$ska: %-~ ~ .. hf-" -£4 - . - L1' 3 . - ,.~<-.: _ "-v-?:4;92~ *1- »:~¥--=--' ~-.3 -9-@ "j;"~r-e"-ii~.e~ = --= -I,rv. -¥ e,¢.5 ,:.r ~qi,,,_ *.1%~?1>*="- ~ - ..7. - ,3 ;-, ~- "-. fwi - _/ ~< t @__@_@.@_-I- ' _ _ i." . I _'--".1 "_ _-: 4--' ..,.=:=-._' ~ r 4. " ".. =~: '»_< .':m;.,.1";-":<..1. -wig-"92-| it § '. '|_ -- Lea." . ! i a ! A Z. P 3.5.. 92'-. i economic dependenceupon him have hadno choice but to ignore his Adi 1;.- 5 . ' F E They havebeen completely engaged inand supportedby N01 activities . 1,ii _ Z Y. throughouttheir lives. Most oi them haveheld someleadership positionin ' 1: F kn the cult hierarchy and because ofthis have fared well economically--llijah Q has been generous in supplying all their wants. I Until the defections of E1ijah's Wallacesons andAkbar, his Q t 1 a grandson HassanSharrietf, the N01 hierarchyhad predominantlyincluded - 3 . most members of E1ijah'simmediate family. Still holding leadership positicms F are hissons Herbertand Elijah,Jr , and hisson-in-law RaymondSharriefi. f Herbert, 36years old, married, and havingat _leastsix children, ' % I I has for years beenconsidered headof public relations for the N01and, as t. 5 "Muhammad Speaks"newspaper representative,he has travelled extensively. » 4 z Since 1962, he has madetour trips to Africa, one trip to Cuba and Mexico, V ._A lti and onetrip to Jamaica. On each trip, he hasattempted toimpmve theimage ~> of his father'sand cult gain support ofpersons abroadfor the N01. Herbert, like his father, has had anaffair with an unmarriedyoung womanwho hum him a child and with whom he is constantly having trouble concerning support oi this child. 3:1 steers old, marrieti. with nan r~"="i~~¢ »"r " of the F01 and i bakery andgrocery inChicago foryears. Elijah,Jr. , tailed to . _ > "' 1 " - ' y . V. < 0 $1- -¢§. -Qt: L , » i 3 underthe Selective_ &_ Service Act, was arrestedbythe FBI, and laterregiltsiidw, "-11; .;_ asa conscientious objector, .' his local however, draft hoard advised he wasnot '-' v- 't';~,' acceptablemilitary ior serviceas he was a "marginal literate. There"are , ; V reports thathe heads a young "strong-arm group"olthePGinthe Chicago Temple,which has on severaloccasions assaultedandbeaten N01 members who were being disciplined. llijalfs daughterEthel Sharrieti, 41 years old, mu-ma to RaymondI mrrieil, hadthree childrenby her first husbandand twoby Raymond. lie is 4 diabetic andhighly emotional. For severalyears, shehad acted as supreme , captainof the Muslim GirlsTraining HGT!;but, accordingto her son Hassan, she wastemporarily suspendedby Elijah because brokeshe cultrules by continuing tocontact Hassanafter his defection. Ilijah'sdaughter, other LottiePagan, 88 years old, and hisother D two sons,Emanuel, 44 yearsold, and Nathaniel,40 years old, arestill considered Muslimsthough theyare notat presentin leadershippositions. ' 'Raymond Stiarrie ,4&6 yeanfsold, to ,;. ehughter Ethel,is thesupreme captain.d the FOL Raymondhas been a Muslim ' r manyyears, mm he served about a 1!'i-'ed.er:>J. - , 4> _, ,7 . .7 . ,. Di the l 4: rem» .l..v..as 1., 1.L J ._ '>92 I gL .-"_ . L ;...;;~'3 , acts also ufumszee the for not n . u 1. _92 n ¢- - '> ¢ . ' 92 ' '- " ' ~' " '.»~-<1 .1 »~-. ..§. __ i _ 0 - ., M . -' , ff 5.-. -'._.J¬.£ v,._.-1111' " At -,_1 92. 1."v""?-"§&.:~_n;.-.*. .;,":;'»~'I 3 ..,;+ " goi ,6,_ . _- _; 'J ~-' -=' .-,--._1Y»,=.__ .- I ~ . ~ . , 1~"-4,-I.. - 1 . . . . t- _ ., . 27¢t92'A92z ;_q_A_t _..,_>l ~.;._~ -I -: ~92,...._,_~ . .~_'. -__ .-;~-1.<, _-_r_~§__ w -',_._. ». Q a l *~ - __r-- ~92 |r _;' *" '1* V - ,_ - ' - , ' . . V .. . . E > N _ V ._ I .- .- 4 . a- . ' ' " , . I -- I _._.5 ' ~,* . _ a 4' . .2 The onlynonfamily memberamong Elijah'snational leaders is John Simmons, known in the NOI asJohn Ali.He hasbeen nationalsecretary of theN0! sinceMay, 1960, and his dutiesconsist mainlyof fund gathering and handlingNOI's the dealings. financialis Be 87years oldand divorced.is He has servedin the United StatesArmy, wasemployed a as part-time teacher, worked anas accountant,and hasbeen anN01 membersince 1954.llijah's son andgrandson, whenthey leftthe cult, advised that John Ali isan opportunistis who inthe cult only for thefinancial opportunitiesand status he canmaintain throughcooperation Elijah.with Bothclaimed thathe ll completely untrustworthy,has misappropriated cult funds, and is"loose morally. " - B. Dis sidents Though troubleshave eruptedamong members of thecult onmany occasionsthe in past, none hadpublicly involvedthe solidarity of the national hierarchy. Manypeople havewondered causedwhat rashthe ofdetections and expulsionsof former lesaiers the of cultduring thepast year.E would be difficult to statefor certain,because it must be rememberedthat the dissident formermembers andleaders wishlater loudlyconaiemed Elijiah -sl_;t;1.i-,». I,jI_ 1;. 3, ,. . , . ~ W among hishop supg;a3i'ie;;"sshad zwecruitsrs. y , V _¥ But Elijahdoes havetrouble his in "royalfamily. " The first L; outwardof signs growinga dissidencewere revealedafter MalcolmX §-L . ., ..' _ .._ Q W Q .-__-. -.~,< '~ $74 - T - ',_-_=;Aog~-.__ Q , . 92 - , - .» _. , , _ i ' - V , . :,_ ; >1:~'.;§fQ§3§§.;v,-gj,-5,,,v:-, 3 v Q >7 ? -54*.-~~ l 1 2 NOI OFFICIALS _» 7 '3,: - -11 * > _- -_§;i~15¢. 1% ff - . ____;§1. /_. P"'_5 ."~- , 3% 5.. I 1 i s E P, i> Natioxll Secretary Supreme Captain of FOI 1 i 5 O _ *1~.: »Q".! - ,5. 1% 1.1 » _-no-_ '7 :_ ,¢ +1 - 4' iw? mn- In- 45 -§"*~"i ., : >~ 1~-~*-"i _ - §92 ... .- . "' ' p» V '*:>.,*$?;;~..,_~,;,, ¬ s Ar..4; . Q g3,» _-.., ,4 ; ~ ,1 -~¢. . .. ~> -" ,;*. ~».- 31* :- i. -_ _ ," 92 t9,L:{ _¬"; 'J92-_- w! uhammad Jr. ~ . H rbert Muhammad _ . A gm __ ._ , u . . _ . ,____._7,_.._,,: °f}_' §+_ ;._,-""r.._ V .~_,_,_; ,'-'-.~=.-'.>: k,~____ .~ . - >§_ >.'._; Heat: _ .._ of ._ Public ._-, _ - Relations -~<,_,iv-.- _ _ -,1, - _:_.v~ L V "_~._ aqu-eme I t , -_ 4. -_ _ 1. _k_92-"~135- 3 , 1?; "j<.,, 4,-Anas » _ -~~'nQn - I 7 . ! Y W .-_| I ~| '-" am -.'i" '_~ri-'- i'f':_' 'i 92 1" .1"~"i'_ , 7 92 -, an . a statementon December 1, 1963, characterizing PresidentJohn I . , assassinationan as instance of "the chickens ' 5|? cominghome to roost. "He had toldacheeringliblauclienceinNewYorhCitythatthisdidnotmakehimsad,_ it madehim glad.Elijah fearedthe publicityresulting fromlla.lco1m s virulent statements wouldpresent toa sorrowing Nation animage ofhis cultwhich might lead to trouble forhim. A few days later,therefore, heannounced that, because ofMalcolm's statements,he would not be permitted to makefurther piblic speeches. For a month, many furtiveconferences wereheld between llalcolm and members of Elijah s hierarchy. Differences becamemore pro- nounced, andin early January, 1964, Elijah removed Malcolmas ministerof Temple No.7, in New YorkCity. Malcolm, onhllarch 8,1964, publicly announced completehis breakwith Elijahand theNOL On manyprevious occasions,Malcolm hadgloated overdisasters to white people without incurringcensure fromElijah forhis remarks.For example, onthe occasionof thecrash ofan airliner in Francekillim 120 Georgia tourists,Malcolm spokeof thetragedy as"a beautifulthing that has happened.There " areindications that Malcolm's remark madefollowing the ?resident s assassination was not the real cause but rather the excuse for ¬i '4 made Elijahjealous anduncomfortable. ft .5 as-"*1. , 1 ' ;,*. .¢ f i , , is / _~,. 92n " V .- 1 ¢~= - 1-;-vs "J" " re: .._...... ~ -»~ =,_;-1»N . ,. ,1 . _ _ 0 1" -.. -.~ - _ a -I1 - " V-~ _ _ -.»~ - --< ,» of .. - .,,,,Mr.;_ -if-"'-1,"' -'-5" -. "1--Y --'. - -'¥--- -, . ;= :. _."' :95? -1 -~g_-h~.-t . 1,. ,Q ~ 4 -_ ~. _ ~ ~~ Y -»-4.e<_, _" ,_1 -. _ - ., 7. - .- . . , - ,. ,. .» , . ._.,_..,» . .5 .3!. Ix . _' ,_-M1 ,._7-.,,__...va. " 1 ~ - - M . . Z--'*a~ if 77 92 u 1, "*" 92 . .,_.-_,--- ....-....e-.Q,. ---=-='-#-"------=¬-,-:,.e.4.,_._,e . , 0 1 I, ! . -<92. » e Over the years,the publicpress haddevoted moreand more "< : .. ~ .ea. ,4 p '- . ; 4 coverageMalcolm to becauseof hisviolent denouncementsofwhite poqll in * ' his many publicappearances--in throughoutspeechescountry, the iril radio andtelevision interviews,and instatements madeto the press. More andmore importancewas attributedto his position thein cult- -many cjf. to '~ articles reportedthat Malcolm overshadowed and Elijah wastaking over the *>":'11 K cult from Elijah, whowas ill.This causedmuch concernto Elijah and § . membershis of family.When Elijahwas notable toappear the at annual iI Muslim conventionin Chicago on February26, 1963, and his placewas lled F 1 by Malcolm,Elijah's feltMalcolm wasfamily too "bossy"and was"grabbing" a too muchpublicity forhimself. Resentmentand hostility toward Malcolm D rapidly increasedamong variousmembersof Elijah's family. L About this time, Elijah : sonWallace, who had fora long time i been considered"heir apparent"tohis iather s position, released was tram - a Federal prisonwhere he had beenserving timefor hisSelective Service r violation. ThoughWallace wason parole and couldnot engagepublicly in I r §. cult activities,it became obvious thathis attitudetoward hisfather and other cult leaders hadchanged considerablyfrom his preprison attitude. ail. aka, ;.@;;;,:.+,.:f";. aecend wife, had -..92 bow .~_ :2 _ , educatedthe atcult's school,University the Elam oi 2.No. lazing r. >1? ' f a8'Elijah'sl,-I 92 . favoriteson, Wallace had actedas culta minister-at-largeand 0 ~. _ . l---i-VT -- -' -~____ _ , . . v-:.-£5!7§¬.~";='9- _~.?e'. '.- n I 4 I-='.- e _ _ - _ 1*-'3'? '--... >" v '.$1:-;-,. __~__ ,-"-.-92,.-,' ~'_ "~ » ._:.- '5a - * . - ~ .-~92.v>> *,¢e:: *I *7, - .-:=v _ /~'_ "- . . --.,,' ~-~'92 $8:_ .._. _, ..~. p_ ii." _ _ » ~.."~:.,~'~ _--_ ,. -1 _ __ v,_~.._.,1J, _.. -' _ -.', .'n-*0,-~.-.,, . _, - , _ , V . . 92 > .. - . _ - . , _ V ,.,_ -:__._ .~._.r= .-,-3, : . . _ § > 4:.-n ._=/' _» . w. I like otherministers strongly had supportedallof his father's ii beliefs. .. _,_ April, 1960,he was sentenced three to yearsfor failure to report for hospital work asa conscientious objector. Duringthe nextthree years,his fathermade ~ unsuccessful courtappeals tokeep Wallaceout ofprison. Elijahclaims to have spentabout $20,000 inthese courtbattles. OnNovember 1961,1, just threedays before entering prison,Wallace marriedhis secondwife. AccordingWallace, to evenbefore enteredhe prisonhe hadexperi- .7 ~ snced doubtsabout someof his father's teachingswhich he had feltwere in L oppositionto orthodox Muslim teachings.Then, whileserving hisprison term, he hadtime toreflect ona statement made theby judgewho hadsentenced him concerning howhe had been "dominatedby his father. "Be claimedhe also wondered abouthis father sconnection withFard, whohis fatherclaimed was Allah butwho, inFax-d's which writings Wallace had seen,had calledhimself the '_'Messengerof Allah. " ? Upon leavingprison inJanuary, 1968,Wallace saidhe attempted to clarify someof his doubts abouthis father and histeachings. talkedHe to other membersof his family concerninghis father'sbehavior but,he said, becausetheir of completefinancial dependenceon their father, theydid nothing. N91 and F131 .. even teachingsomeclasses the at Universityof Islam, he apparentlystirred up much<_:o_ntroversy his concerning father'sactivities, nationallyboth gzjf and i ' .1'.< -23- -- - s i 92 - - - ~ _. yea-gg.__ 1 ~I, g~_.~-92< ,-V. 4- .~ .- e - ,_e~> . " *~' n-pain '' bk - - _ _ ' . -'e » _ ' ' _ ~- §¬'_ §» §: ?.»; ;.i','.*;=.§...-..'...'-- .1: »-__'_;q*__':;'!: , ¢| "1 " 5' : C _ ,;-.A_. . _ _ ,_,i-_;~~=r I*= r in theChicago Temple.By' January, 1964, word had reachedIllilh e 4: weneee and Malcolm hadtalked togetherand withothers ' eebeei-em;. ImamI ' relationship hiswith various secretaries the and misuse oi cultiunb U] 1. Elijah andhis hierarchy.For sometime though,Elijah tookno actionagatllt his son. 4 » Apparently, llijah's grandsonHassan Sharrie was oneof thecult X at members whowere influencedby theswelling undercurrentin Chicago. assln, during 1963and untilat leastlay, 1964,when heallied himselfwith Wallace, § had regularlyattended N01meetings, actedasa lieutenant 0! the POI in Muslim Mosque MM! No.2, andwas managerof the 104130. I clothing store. In June,1964, Hassan left nodoubt concerninghis feelingsabout his grandfatherand theN01. Hewent tothe ChicagoPolice onJune I3 ' requesting protectionfor himself and hisUncle Wallace.He advisedthat, - at a meeting oi theN01 inChicagoan June21, bothhad beendenounced as "hypocrites" andexpelled fromthe cultfor deviatingfrom theteachings 0! Elijah. Becauseof this,he feltcertain theywould beattacked, asHansen 4 ¬ knew umother membershad beendisciplined bybeatings deliveredby the Chicago Temple'sgoon squad. » . U-ad ,- , ; 1.; , , .. _, . . -.,'=4,,,; , _,. e92 W/»_;~,"_, ' .t._»Po92>»£3_<.~»-¢.;li--,.1a>.».>qp~»» ...a~',£;j->.» ,,._..e.., §o- Mvv M. 43..3 , .._.»i.'¢;.¢.~- u -.X~-,:9292»'@'svl -M-'7e<~9292'1_ .s-.1. '5.:,, .,>4.$._ ..,,»/:;¢;:'_ ' ~;'-:Y:~ -l. » :;,92=_§ .".#§;;5.3-"? '19 . ' . .4-._ ~ 1., 5 . . July 8,1964, announcedthe charges oi corruption in theROI hrou both-Wallace andKassan. Hassancalled hisgrandfather fake"a - . '._'~~_*_ rt. _,.. . _ ,_;.__ . -..=»_-,4 - -> ~ » .- »_~5- 25- vi--, .1v_.. ' V ~ __l ». _. 1 L . _i- 1:'..92'_92f> e ' I 1- -' - --I 2;}" "1'-1 .5 1.. ~r".' -:-~ . ."-- ¬3.§ ~~ *3-,1 13;;-, *~'»- V ~-1*, -_',-.-."'1"'.=+"~"-.1:2;,"Q92'1e"! 'r_; "f - +4 - -' . -<" 153; X1»? v. .1 .-- ;- -~'.:*. ii,-p ;-> ": I 5 ! . iv Ii l L Be alsosaid, am"I notrelerring any to singlelndividua1's or __wrongdoings1 I ?corruption; I amreferring Mr. to Muhammad and wholehis stall." Wallace 1,agreedthe to accusations againstMuslim the hierarchy,telling paper,the l 1 b "Not onlyare theytrue, they are mild." , > Anotherof son Elijah, 25-year-old Akbar,was publicly denounced as a "hypocrite"in the January 1965, 1, issueof "Muhammad Speaks.Better " othcatedother than membersof thetamily, Akbargraduated a business from schoolChicago in 1958 in and,sincethe Fallof 1961,has beenattending a universityCairo, in Egypt.Akbar's from expulsion thecult followed a visit_ he andhis Egyptiansecond andwife childmade this to countryduring F November,1964. Elijah had expectedAkbar, whilehere, denounce to publicly l Wallace, MalcolmX, andother "hypocrites. " Instead, Akbar a toldNewYork newspaperwhile thatwas he Cairo in eyeshis beenhad opened.Be saidhis Ffather'sof religion "brand"was homemade"a with one ownits tightrules and regulationstend thatstiile to anycriticism its 0! leader." Akbar his and lamlly shortlyreturned toEgypt. Ilijah indeedhas hadtrouble his in "royalfamily"! Further confusingthe image of Elijah Muhammad the and NO!were :§.»'__,.<. . : ~ _,1., -..=..,.;_,~.,1..' ., .,. 1 .-.~.-l» ..- ,4r.,.» I E ehma.e""<;,Following M65. Malcolxzds opendbreakwith theN01 March, in 1964,he wasoutspoken his' - in :1»age, .»-.,; gs .1- -_.._. * 7 92 g K I W ii I _ . l ,1._. _r qi 92_l§v._ 1 . . _ 1 1 .i, 1- .._4;... opposition toElijah. He formed twoorganizations, theIuslim UOQO, l - 153?. 1 A e Incorporated, andthe Organizationoi Afro-AmericanUnity, whichU claimed would better serve the Negro nationalists. Some !IOI_membors. left with Malcolm and became members of these new groups. hiring several extendedperiods in 1964, Malcolm travelled in many ofthe Mrican countries He returned, amid much publicity, to the United Stateslate in : 1; 1964 andimpressed manywith hisnew image. He appeared tohave sdtenod his violent statements althoughhe still openly condemnedElijah andhis cult. Early in 1965, Malcolmbegan a series of rallies in NewYork City. On February21, 1965,just asMalcolm beganto speak to a gatheringof bout 400 Negroes,a disturbance started andseveral menran towardthe ital d the meetinghall firingguns at Malcolm. Be wasslain instantly.Arrested, and identi edby atleast one witnessas Malcolm'sassassins wereseveral Negroes whoin the past hadattended N01functions. ' This eventfullast week of February, 1965,ended withIl llfl dissident sonWallace makingan appearanceat theannual ROIconvention I1 Chicagoto ask forgiveness thingsfor hehad saidabout hisfather andthe EI- Though, sincehis expulsionfrom thecult in June, 1964, Wallacehad headeda =~- - » " = . .r..._ I= *Jl!.92%@¥lL - ._ "71 F. ,-. - .- t» 5. .?"w~"" 4 -'é" 5'5. ' a» »- . - ¬- silt? . '5 ~ . .1:-.~<~~1 - gociety, surprisinglyWallace wasreaccepted the into NOI on therecommenda- 1 :.I §»* non oi his father. ' ~ l t , -.:."r._. . ~.~_~'pg2__ V I v_ _. - W ',-71--3!-; .§-'.- » .-. . Q 92-,6 Q _ ;,V1y.a:_.?,<>?__;_92 l: ;92';,';;>.- - 1 sf;-_ ..:ai-r,t$n_»-:~,a_ :__ ., r ,~'-f1;'9292V; - . >_ ; " .;_ t__3 - ;i__._ - . .. » a {'1 --____§ .,< 3 The firstweek llarchof broughtanother surprisingdevelopment. ,,, As reportedin theChicago press on March 6, Hassan Sharrietidecided to "returnthe to told." At ameetingwith hisgrandfather, Hasean'splea for reinstatement was accepted. What thefuture holdsfor ElijahMuhammad his and organization cannotpredicted. be the-dissidents,Among followinghlalcolm's apparently isbeing taken over hisby hallsister, Hrs.Illa Collins;and, whilethe Uplift Societynow is dormant,those whohad followedWallace cannotbe pleased by _ his decisions.The manyaccusations againstElijah byMalcolm, Wallace,and Hassan notwill quicklybe forgotten.Feelings betweenpresent andformer IUI memberscontinue tobe strained. ~ I - '92a L . J - 8'!V- " .~ -. 2;," .. 1.1" '_,_~ ,, 92 Q Yr - -- meg Q1 .J " £0 I _ ' "v ,* ' ~I>¢>;*___ .,__ __ , _ ' ' ~ ; . ' "X". fy" ~-mi _ 3 .- _,, ,._ ~ v -- » - - 0'--.---- -4._;ai-AI -~~q ' ' i ! » _ . .,_' -'~.__;_,» . 1.1L - . . V. ORGANIZATIQNAI,-w8TRUC'I,l URE,_ " , . ~ A. NationalHea :492 national headquartersof thecult have been Temple at 2, No. inChicago. 4 Muhammad :No. Temple2 of the HolyTemples Islam oior, as it is - gt sometimescalled, Muhammad'sMosque2, No. islocated 5335 South at -- Z5 V, 1, GreenwoodAvenue, and adjacent to isit thellniversity oi Islam80. _ 3,- - .-.1 Y v Q ¢ 'at 5883 South Greenwood.In thebasemertsof buildings thesethe areoffice! _ 0' in of thecult National s SecretaryJohn SupremeAli, at theCaptainF0! Baymod _ Sharrie hisand assistant, Elijah, , Jr.and their secretaries. lip aecre- A taries whohandle incomingmail, filing, et cetera, are employedat Elijah : ,~. I long-time residenceat 4847South Woodlawn.Headquarters the cult tor /~ newspaper, "MuhammadSpeaks,"at are 634East 79thStreet. i B. National Egieméaerg, f ThoughN01 the never has published membership estimates figures, reportedby thepublic newsmedia rangedhave a from lowof 25,000to Ip high259, of0&0, "¢:*¬i :1 %3 :P nzzrnbezrput at '70, 004!. or!Allthese iigures §l ¬3i3f;1j,*are ::,§:l , ;!_;;_'=l!1§;£a L,»§§-LL. V V > -,1 . ,-"'0:, _ After his detection,grandson Elijalfs estimated Hassan total¢ the =_ meinbershipoi thecult 7,000; asand this figureapproximates estimate the_ 3"; . V59" ~. »r-. . , '1 !-41 _,,.,,i_..-11: ~ _ 11 _ ._ - . . _V -~., . »-.~, - _ _ .. vl..¢'-'~ - '~ . - .~,..J. .' - . 92-' ... ,-_ __ ¢ a~-K .-- '.. -~ -4* E?. . 1-92.y- .,""'-'II""- " ,~a- , V - .4 1.,"J iii "-1". ~ 9- - » . " " ' 1 ~ -a" --_ $-';*f;'1-'_..»- "~- -_92- ,. .1?" '?,"_'§;._~~_q~_o_h ; F¢,." .. ,. . . _ 92 _ .,> - -I , - v"_,~,_=!:_-. ;'Z -_. ; ...... _....A -_.. . _ ._. , <_...._.,..,..._._..f__.;_;_._._: ._. __. __ __ i> » . 92 , l4 '.- 3, 000 too high. ConcerningNOI's the membership,Bassan saidno one in theN01 hierarchy anyhad positive idea theoi actualnumber members. of has As been ' OI knownthe by FBIfor years,the membershipat anygiven time could onlybe estimated,as there is a constantinflux ofnew persons,which is balanced by an egressionof oldmembers Newpeople beginattending meetingsona fairly regular basis Hueyhave their names enteredthe in "Bookoi Life, " maintained in Chicago,and obtaintheir "X" names. Butas newmembers enter into the g cult's activities,many others at any given timeare invarious stagesof disillu- sionment--theyto attendfail meetings regularly,[ail tomake therequired contributions,not do gcceptthe templeleaders discipline,and aresoon com- pletely outof all the cult's activities. Hassan hassaid thatapproximately new 100 personsa month join the Chicago Templebut that"members leave asfast as newones join"and,therefore, faira number 0%years Line 'ts> c:1l i~n-:;=;+;i<1'a.=»;¢s; * :f§ :1§C5;~i:§1§C92remained almostthe has same everalyears Chicago Temple,complained during thatthe 1961 annual Muslim convention, 500 person ?"signed for up" membership but onlyiive ofthem remainedin the temple. t . '~2__ -W _ I, a. -____ 1 _ __ _ <_. .~- --0-.Q. -¢.¢_~>¢~ _..¢-g;._;92~'*- , ,-_ - Ii. Ii -'~, ~' __,.I L4/. 2 .i C. Templesor Mosques ':.,> Individual temples,or mosques, are located in various cl ll throughoutUnited the States,but all are underthe complete tllcl lnod the nationalheadquarters Chicago. at Elijahhas designated altogether 88 numberedtemples, ofone which has beeninactive several for years. The active8'1 numbered temples attended are about by800 4, theat totll of slightlyover 5,000members thecult. Only of six theseof templeslive a membershipof over300 memberseach Thesesix temples are located in Chicago;Detroit; YorkNew City;Washington, C.; Philadelphia; D. and I.-os AngelesAlmost oihalf theNOI's membership total to thesebelong six temples,Six other temples memberships have between of ant!800, 100 and theall rest 5 numbered temples! less have than100 memberseach- several havingless than20 memberseach. About N01750 membersattend meetingsthe 31 of unnumbered N01groups in various incitiesthe country. Many these groups of are led by visitingministers nearby irom temples,who frequently are accompanied by membersfromtheir own templesan in attempt to stimulate interest in these neigliboringcities. Meetings usually held are small,in rentedrooms Qt ;,~ 1 ,>1*§~J:.92!-v;'L424!92|: ail ,. , p~ ,' L 0 _., .- ' ~ ,1. - ~, :1; hi? ~_,..i___,,',"¢ -if-i .§..,,_,n,,__ _ 92: 92~I-I?!"/"I '=*~ . t - :1 *_~§_._U 5 ii ., " ,4: -_%== 4 , ' >r . "_-_ ~ __ _ -'1 an 0 ' A. t . . _ . H _r K I f 1 MUHAMMAD'§ TEMPl.E$ DI ISLAM ___. Vi hL q» ,¢@. 92/-¢ Q Iq§& v"4 --iv» .' I-1 . .. ," Si. Iv- ._ FF;< K E Y 5| 0 NUIBERED TEIPLES .~ . f. _*-Q. I -.¢ o UNNUIBERED GROUPS v-,1 / p . I 3v NUMBERED TEMPLES omnon, ancn. cameo, xu.. LOUISVILLE, KY. mnumzs, ns. xzwuex, u. 1. saw FRANCISCO,CALIF. RBI ORLEANS, LA. nsmucrou, u. c. ms ANGELES. CAUF. IJNROE, LA. cmcnnum. 0|-no swrr LGJIS, I0. FLINT, IICH. wxmonx-:, aw. IUSKEGON, IICH. nun, FLA. nu voax, n. Y. KANSAS cm. IO. SAGINAI, IICH. sue nmco, aux-. sauna aauo, mu. MINNEAPOLXS, UINN. vouncsroru. omo PATELGON, u. J. PHOEN1X,AR1Z. ATIAKTIC cm, u. 1. cam, um. mama, n. 1. aosrou, uss. waau, re. c. Paovmaucs, R. L nnuoaunna, PA. IILIINGTON. m-21,. mums!-zauas, s. c. SPRINGFII-1LD,Il.A$S.cwmwrr:-:, u. c. IEIPHIS, mam. AKRON, euro NASHVILLE, nun. §..hR"£ ¥C!3?¥3,C é i_ 1,/=, ,=.3§5'}..1 Liz, L. "rams w.1:a~1*0re, "rams , _~ -92 ~92.._~..m»& .1. .- ,. .~...»;..£<.1,,'§....e=.'~.._w G¥U92k"i3 §..%~."»u =.-=.»¢~-.=...»=Yv.~1,..m.;"»s.>*J;~@-"<.¢ ~ LYNCEBURG, VA. -L -71 Ll'.ET, ILL. IQARTINSVILLE, VA. CLEVELAKD, G110 smmcam. ALA. NEWPORT HE'S,VA. ;{_? aamospozr, oouu. ; -, :7. DAYTG, GEO [email protected] VA.' f ~_ =;-0: I J yncmownux. rm. - VA. ** Psusacol-A. ru. RQRFOLK BERKLEY, cf ? I.I J. , VA. auaoa, PA. usr cameo. um. £A'l'l'l-LIBII. ALO, ll. 1. :92m|svn.|..'.. lm. IACILIS. _ w lmuuunlous. um. r - ._. . ... y 1 .. oun,vA. _¢ '1- ' T ' 4- '~.'.~ *-, ~ _ ' . - _"' -. .-,.-,,._ __ »=L,""'""""" * 92 _ W? w;»__{_',.3 3- ¢_ ._,-_.__. W _ T 92 » ~.._§Q¢_@£|nulI -4. -n--- 3'-_~__ .__,___.__.____ >' __* -- ~ : . ' "1" * ; ~ " " " 1'.1+'~:.=e::~:-<.--f-."-~~*= -we;.=> " _ _ it > -r 1-- ~ ¢L M ya,I _, _ of theseunnumbered groups l show onlythat tourgroups overhave50 persons ~ 1- » Y.-Ia regularly attending.All ofthe 27other groupshave lessthan 85members each, with many having less than 10. llost templesare located in theheart oithe lowereconomicor deteriorating Negroneighborhoods. Exceptfor thelarger temples,very few are ownedby the N01 andmost arerented hallswhich arefrequently the on second oor overa store or some other commercial establishment.The notable . exceptionsin are Chicago, the nationalheadquarters, in and Washington, D. C., where theonly NOI-builttemple islocated. l It is interestingto notethat half of the totalNegro populationof the United States as of the 1960census! residein the 11 SouthernStates whichmade up theConfederate Statesof theCivil War period. Yet,in thisarea, theN0! has onlysix templesand 17small, unnumberedgroups havinga membership of only about600 outoi thetotal cultmembership approximately of 000. 5, Obviously the ROIhas made no great impressionon theSouthern Negro. D. TempleOfficers " - ' The highest authorityin an individual templeis the minister. Heis appointedElijah by and lh M and Lctuz->~;:. ntiii lLx=.iLll.;.|l'>1~92;'L curve.» min; vse.'¢..il.>s»§,e-wpvirwosineij &eA.a < »i.=k..$a X~ us ' -:3 - ~:. and exhortshis groupoi Elijah'sfollowers tocontribute theto manycollections . ?_..<. I17"; 1 . takenthesupport for the oilocaltemple its and officers and the national V; org-anlza- la1 . | ;~ tJ>.'92 _- '. * -' .~.J>. .--,- .~" 4-<92 =- . 0 0 - , ._-»- . .1,... k- _ ..-,__r '92»_2*- - ;<~"-i~$ {=5.-x - -* ~ .~,*- 3, , 1-.'_;.;'_~5 ~_.- a 1 2:3... . 0 .@. -'. _ _ .. - .-m.. .-.. _ -;-._..£-nA'p@4--1-sq._ V . I r _ ' _.- :__~. -..,.- ' _ . '. I' '_ :,__ ' _>__. _ . ' ... r- :; " . L A '"__. . "-' _ _ J T é" > ' ll.,. 2 ~:"_a* j.;. _ In thelarger, establishedtemples, minister devotesthe his @1:21. _ . . 1.3» time N01to activityand receiveshis entire support donationsfrom made by the membersof histemple. Usually,his home or rented residence, unto, hisa and allpersonal necessitiesfor himselfand hisfamily arepaid forby the various fundscollected his at temple. Those ministersin smaller temples Y 1.- with iewregular membersfrequently obtain must someoutside employment §-is 4 to supplementthe assistance they receive from thetemple. Nearlyall *1 1 ministersdo considerable travelling. Theymake guestappearances other at _ 9 templesconduct to meetings,or theylead delegationsfrom theirtemples _to attend social affairs andrallies otherat temples. - The mostarticulate widely and knownminister, untilhis expulsion last year,was MalcolmX Little,oi MM No. '7,New YorkCity. inAs chief , . spokesmantravelling and representativeof ElijahMuhammad the N01and' ior nearlyten years,he had made numerouspublic appearances in lectures I s and debatesbefore collegeforums, radio on television,and through and E r i interviewsto given thepublic press.A tall,well-dresseci, §»8~year~»old former convict,he freely admitted havingbeena dope addict, numbersrunner, and eur§;l.e.rbefore itiecoming"rehabilitated" Elijah by Muhammad. Since his wait; éiirllaatiiwin;.t.<.=..; ix», &4»$ '~_,;.>.:-.; ' 5;8-PP ~... mu,tn; .;..e..i.~:. 1. >1}. i =-;r@..::<... fits?-1'5.-?.7i§...i.,z..»..L:' had beeninstrumental the inrecruitment oi manyof the present ministers -P;i '-.-._..54».f~.- F ->_.~_ ~ . ,. , - ' .~_:_. <_92-._-...~ ,,-a;-i- -92I i i$..,¢.=' »3.'92 §._ P1:" _ . ¢. 3; ,--v. ,- .- " 1- . ' _. .92., ,_ V .: '§r.,_,- . ~ - ,, 4 5 ~* - If ~ EQ .."-I 1- » "* 1% ~=§~-. 1- " .""~'. '- -,t.~ f EL A . ., . ' " " F ~- "-r'.'£ . _- ~,;-- 92- " " i-'&-i_"_g;- ._r._-~;." .N »'_:g.,92.'.-_ -' .r ~~ - -7- v qI ,~ ;." ¥,~, _f9292, sf, ~ ..,"'I . In examiningthe background,education, personalities and the ofj s tr *2. nine mostpublicized active andministers including those fromthe sixieadinl <-..> temples!,notes onedistinct a differencein thetype minister of active prior to Malcolm'srise prominenceto the andtypewhich joined the cultafter 1953 and roseto power, influenced assisted and Malcolm. by Four theof nineministers beenhad membersof theN01 priorto 1958, Threeof these became Muslimsin theearly 1940's, andeach served a prison termfor refusal to register for the Army draftBach beenhad a Mislim years forbefore attainingstatus the minister. of fourth The these of ministersMalcolm's was Wilfred, brother thoughwho,a member of the N01 prior1953, to not had yetrisen a leadershipto position. had He earlier been rejectedmilitary for servicebecauselow ofmentality. Only ofone thesefour ministers, whoseaverage is age 43,completed school. high _ The remainingfive ofthe nine leading ministersjoined N01the after Malcolmbecome hada leading official the in cult.All iivehad beeneither in uencedMalcolm by join to the cuii: hador receivedhis assistance intheir rather rapidrise leadershipto positions.All hada high school college or education,being onea ?h. D. andformer collegeprofessor. These younger . , ., . -. , » _. -1 a li.*.J>-?<';5.:»,921 .,,/- Q »." _,I ~~ » ,;i_'_.~ .,, , » ~ - '-.,}.<... :1;;-,f., c n - _. _ -_ I . ~' , I ', ~".. .' ~-_¢ » , -4 W -<*n ».i"'P»""=i»':J.i,¥>%* Z?Ii£. »'_"_4'J 3-< --Li .r. Twothese of meniive wereformer entertainers,onea comic and onethe ,. D leader dagof calypsosingers, former The collegeprofessor ,_;_,_had7 a -e ¢ O Iv --92/ __ . 1 _ ,, 1"» f 2. 1 _ -. i 92l.l>,r.~- ', .'. ,. 1 -==--_____._'-.' ~'. . - - _ -__ _~e'.~. - w 5 .:y.' .__ t- ' ___:l_ _ !. _-. . - - _...... _.- - ,_V '~-> ~ . _? '..- ~"_:. -*~ . _, ~., _ 55 .,~.~.,g_._ . .-''-_ 7'. beenamember of first the SocialistWorkersand a Party, thenY. -923 f ~ member oi agroup of dissidentsbroketo who iormtizotiWorkers , Work! Party. afterFinally, contactswith Malcolm,he alliedhimlelf @0111 Ii l l As mightbe expected, the manyMuslim withministers, variedhack grounds,and education, experience,andvery with control little them over irom nationalheadquarters. avarietyoi techniques use in maintaining the interesttheir oi members andtheir in appealsfor Muslims.new could it . be saidthe ministers stylepreaching of a blendoi theisrevival -preacher andward- the politician heelingdeliver Theymessages their hi sometimes a calmvoice unctuous with and earnestness sometimeswithand rash inciting statements.their startling listeners.Anything as longasgoes,it holds the - interestthe oipresentfollowers Elijah, gains new of converts the colt, to andkeeps the donationsinto coming temples the iuntb. many_ Belowminister, the next the highestauthority in an indivldu l templethe iscaptainof F01,me group the the within composedN01 0! the - adultmembers. male answerable Thoughthe minister, the to is» responsiblediscipline theior temple andin the is leaderoi thetemple's I1 the asipteii-infrequentlyfinancial receives stipw Ind, >.'__~furnished is automobile an irom , > are usuallyaggressive men domineeringrelish whoopportunity the"E-' £7oommand "It fl- to the members.They1 maintainstrict military-typediscipline the over Taemben. - .~~-r- _ - I4- ~ . . Q e J -: - 1 ;+._@ 1 '- -7 I _£ I f,___,_-l 1 4} . I !' -0 J '! '1 -HEACTIVE [DST N01IINIBTERS 4~ *=~- ,. r Iv m.--. ' --¢~ > - 24 I» r . 1, Z! an ~L Jeremiah X Pugh! . mm x Walcott! John Shabazz Merrill! I Loo Angeles .: Philadelphia Boston e 1 :5 -I. > <1. _ _ §>; - I '1 - 5-q l 4- $' 4 - 6" F .. l " av":- P ,f i .1 _-92.'r.*; -Z - _, _ § 92 > e"92 é . Bernard X Cashmere! Lonnie 3X Cross! . Isaiah Karriem Edwards! San Francisco wumngmn, ]!_g, Baltimore - - 1:-.1 "» '3 T1? - - Y 3:3; ~.. . ~. ~ l . ' iv 9 T. -_ .- _ ¢~ . .i, k V __ ' .-: .4 . 's-gin p-"-1-:1" -"35": ~ ' Q-I. __<_-12:2, 1;; . J!" , - _ . . ~ - _.,>_ . .--.'_,.;.1: i,. .-I. 1 . .' »=_i._ ' 0 '' :-R2 ~» x 1 "Y _--. ,¢:.';»-2»~'= " .~"§ . ; 1} ,L I< ~'.» ,»~,. 4<@ .92A K _~: . _!_,w~ ,- . E ' >.__:- I;-__, . V K .,~'_,.l",_ .q' , .,i.;_._1_.».¢__, A, ',:'",-;§f;- .~ . _"i "*1 U - gr iv-.= r-_ - we ;<»- > '§ ' 2? :'~, , ix , _.._. _~w 3,4"' f¬"=3-;$$ .92_1-__~.._ 'a~ J amea3X $958301!! wmnd x mo - James 8X ;lcG1-e901 ! DOUOR ~. 1 5 Chicago _ ~ ~. Newark, Jersey City, . -" L -'~ - -'-.-' , .'*,-Ir:~ 92r".' -.. - ' _ New York _ ..--~ :._. . >/,. =i.- :-.;"*¢. x . - ':-.» . - - -~ '.- ,---5-_;. ;__ 1'-o~'>...'-."' -,n- J ,_ Cg .4. _ ,3;-.» . :,___.'92_-,=~:3q,, %.,_¢.~ . V . _' ,- -.-.__-.,,'tL--_~ ,_n>=- ,4, r, -92 _.,;.. _;,.., ,<».92» , 4 .- .~; 1 av ;.:;-11;!_ . _._-_.. .._-. 92 _'; ___._. ,~, -. ,_ an. ,_._.~. ta The minister and captain are the important officials in each temple, butfrequently there are conflicts of authority between them. This became of ' sufficient concern to the national hierarchy that during 1962 Elijah ordered that ' Supreme Captain of the F0! Raymond Sharrieff maintain closer control over the F01 captains. Previously. the minister could appoint or removehis captain without consulting national headquarters. _ Trouble between the templeofficers leads to the development of actions in the temple. Some members support one and some the other leader to obtain ' favored treatment. Those members suffering most usuallyjust drop out of the temple, but occasionally they form a dissident group and complain to the national officers. As a result, a national officer usually comes to the temple, uestions the members, and decides what action is to be taken.Sometimes the sident members are expelled or, when the official believes the continuance v ~ of the temple is endangered, one or the other offending temple officer is trans- ferred to another city. Other, lesser officials in the temples are ag-minted by minister according to his need for assistance in conducting the activities of the temple. The female N01 members are headed by one of their number who is t;».r ,...'*;'-' it-xi ._-7 if ,»,.>"'.- 92'92'é {"°*|" ?; 3 1.. '5?! ~ ,~ Q»?-r viz -u "TT|.3""I~'f" . .»~hp ~./»».!--.~ ~ '-~ - -.1 ~ "_e,.., . .» " ".1 "f ! *"' yaw . ,, . i. I. many lieutenants assisting them as are needed, according "to the raise oi A the ~;"__,v "'__ -I . membershipm , Here again, there is no standardization in number of officersl _ ._ - » 0 J -. . . . v I - '-5 . -~§-w- I. _ 92 l ' .5 -_. » .1 ' _j,"!j§. .'§-_':ni:,_ ,_'§;_ ;.~ p3b"'' ' - t I ~ I '-'»~- inridiculous variousthe atFavoritism times.temples.tiormally, situationsby thecaptainminister assisteddisplayed toeachwe islead! _~ orthree lieutenants, buttemple onesethis ministerelite up own cl-. 1 I twelveiriends particularthe within andtempleall madethem oi ueutenllll. Other derisivelymembersthem"palace called the" " guard. . _ ' tors,secretaries,Larger generallyeach templeshis investigators,ownassistant-I. with et-cetera,have templesimpec- instructors, Home ' ~ occasionallyalsolave ministers, toassistant portionsleadarethe allowed ambitious generallymeetings,temple of who menfield p w and youns to nearbyareas to meet withsmall oi peopll ministerswho , travel in anattempt bring tonew in converts E.s fruitTheoi IslamFruit F01!_ mam oiis the special rm! group meelite within N01, oicomposed malethe- /in imliviclusl Undermembers.le8t 1Brsh1P F01 the &92Pre1_M templeeachcaptsih,M lL oi p F Captain Raymond @'L3-1 l" ii=> ,emp1g'5is organisedand 1'01governedby s systemvrith general or6ers similarthe insystemtoa military engagesRegularly, grouporganizl °n- in physical QB F531exercises, pe*iI %.ici;;,.;r,i;e;:;;receives i; 1 nné; , ~ . and V judo _ , p, Ayo trainingiscreate to programb0dy¢ul1'd5 minds escortsbodieshealthy and it _ and iaithiul iollowersat Elijah.Acting as l . ~ ' q 1» -*-'~'~- _._92 ,_ 1v" » ;._,_L'-1*-~ 92__'_ ,'-~ _ _~:¢_'- -11. ;, "-.»-~.--_».L_~~»:-~ x ;; 1 re-F- '__,~ _ '2 ' ,6 - ' . _ 92=§5-"+ -'...~~j -§- . ' . _ _ '-. , .4' . ./ _ _,;._&:, o92- H ,-'.3 _ _ A _ ~ '~' . , I , _:92 > " _ ."',q _.: I. _____ ' " "a-_._jl-¢ac--4.-.__- 1 _~ _ ~ r 1I_"w ' ' "'- 4" 1 l'RUIT OIISLAM 2 i Q ._- . _ 1;, 1.214 ¬7.'.'Q;.- " A :1, Q v..- L q,'. ._-,-_ 1 £21 '! I ~ _a-> 1 -~ 3 0"» ~~ .'Q ' 1 ow _ -v- . 1.,»- - ~ F Q -'25 3 . 7-A._- ~ .1 ~_ _ - , ,_ _ e 3 ---%' » : _- - --Q' - -,»--~ - ~_" =-'='_ _; *..-- :, -*.-- ; :2 . _._, .-_ '- _ . - ¥~-_ _» V. . ,. - o -. , ' '7'" 7'-1=:' ~' - 71:" - . I-. - ' ->7 > Q39 - " '. ib».F>Q ' - > '1'_, . .~ , 5 ~ 3; '5, - :- ~ ° _. __ - ._ _~~ _ _ . _ ;~.;. Q '. . _ u >. ---- . - ~ - i - El ah Muhammad Arriving ! atAirport inNew York and Guarded 1 7 by Supreme CaptainSharrle ! and POI Men _ - - Q' -__. 1 I mi Q F 1 i ¢ 3 1 Qt . 6 ;.. - 1 1 r 0 F . I I '_7 4' J, I !»_.-.3: ~ e } - . <., . - , I; ~,-. . - _, V.-_ V §~@>'r'»»w"; ~s:'L5 t !' ...... ;,. _"_'l» >.. ._--_,_..L s- ~ , officials, these vigorous youngmen imparta crisply efficient toneto the meetings 2. é d the organization. l heyimpress nonmembersof the Negro communitieswith _ it E. the massedand ready power of the Muslim organization and the accomplishments 1 i they haveachieved throughfaith in Elijah'steachings. But the F01 has other functions .' ; Besides the protection of officers and property of the cult, the POI i. I 3 L enforces compliancewith themany cult rules imposed onall members. ' 4 Probably mostimportant ofthese many rules is that every Muslim must sell the N01 newspaper, "MuhammadSpeaks. " The F01 sees to it that the members T fulfill their obligation to sell the paper. To discipline those membersbreaking I % » the rules, as well as nonmembers whocause trouble for the cult, goon squads > t have been organizedin some of the temples. These small groups of selected 2 1 men, frequently ledby former professional boxers,well-trained in karate and ¬ ,7 judo, have beenemployed tothreaten or, on occasions,to brutally assault t other Negroes. Chartshave beenused toshow s~siriez~ablespots on the humanl 5 body, andinstructors demonstratethe lethalblows thatcan beused. one 1 s _ instructor advised membersof his group to"obtain saltbrine" andsoak their lmnds in it to toughen theta snoazsh t. .. The F01is deadlyserious. Inone templepreparing afor visit fmmige 92 _,' Lg. . v_ - oz 5.:. ~./- _ " smut, "qtlggstnntold theF01 "beto morelike soldiers"and notto be smnnf¢f_ §¢ , 1 .-.,W. -,_ aw t_--6,3. £ _,.,_.=»§, .-~- .- - .._H __-92 ¬ l " '14 all time.the said, Hewant "Ito look like youkillers. are Wehers not.; r to play.Weprotect will Messenger theat all costs. "_ _ _- Inmost large temples,theis POI brokendown several into One ofconsists men18 to25 yearsold, sixabout tall, leetwith good phyliquel, andexcellent in These health.smooth shaven men, with close-cropped and P. #3in .,_,! A hair,neatly andin attired darksuits,as act honorguard all publicatevents. Youngplacedother16 to 18 menyears Mostin age groups. oimen overalso and temples25a junior yearsarehaveF01 generally 'composed boysto16 years upof whoage trained areeventually tor the seniorjoining C1'°921P5- F. MuslimSimilarGirls the Training to MGT!military-type organizationthe FOIthe N01 !oi ,*' iemale counterpartcalledMuslim theTraining Girlssometimes MGT!, 1 J 1 referredby femalethe to as members Generalthe Class. Civiliz iion Led bycaptain its es fffA £'i_l.11 L¬5many andare necessary,thisengages group as in themany activitiesElijah necessarybelieves his iemaletollowers. tor Theyclasses havehomemaking, in calisthenics, hygienics,other subjects, and snack:?%=:. :T.'-.;w3?.:*;t-tt»<:,*1 ff "- °s Theyare constantly . - urgedto be ", 31 izaagg, jg}-iiee--Eitiing F -Ll i-is-_esseswhite at robes, orshoes,and lipstick nocover andheads their with L a whiteshawl-type They headdress.expected arepurchase ipplftlto their 0- " -33-. -4 92 I __ . . _ A -- _- ..,. .v. --~,:92 ~ r --~:,-18: "I" 1* I _ v _ _ _ _ » _'_ _. H- ~-_..»_, _ . .¢ - ~- :1-¢.»~T.92 __ r-.< - ,.< '»>;:".-_ ., -~ _ . , nwsuu cmns 'ramm~Ic uG1'! I ml mm, ' r _Q,~' . I n v 1» , l-.~ < 92'J 3 Q O _< ,.¢ -"' 92_ ¢.. 1" 1' _ 1'.":- - - 92Q >~,Q . Q _ > . ._~__. _ 92 92 Y _ . .. , >--;.r.,- v~ > ~ " V . M L J 51* _. Y _, . y_ '5. Q - I ' '. do.1.- A 2' - _.'.. 92 1 :@;~;> " - ~- '-I. - I I - '» - . > .. I ~ I E 92~» _ v . . wku; _/_ .,, _,_o --Q0 - I '*-9&¢4f*"I .. -.~ .< , --:~.~.¢ , * .- 1 , ,_ . . I _ . I _- " , I ~ ~ ~ g ~ ' . > 1 I '_ > , . , _ ,4, .. .»-Qv.~»'.'d- .. . -. . -_ . ~- .,--,». 9- Q; --- - _,. - - 92.>~A- .=5>.».-.___->~ -_ . _- .:_f__§'-§Q , M.. 92 . q ,-. , W .. ~ _ Q.» 2 | . - 3: ~ : 92+"f' v~ " --,., ~¢~ 7 -*"§925 ' - 4 _ ,,- <_' u~**"'. - _ _ IQ , , Z E J . - ___. _.V §-Q _ ., Q ~.- -~ v , .1 Z_:I~.§-__:.-"§._.~_~ , ,=y92"._ Q Q > '._ Kb 4 2 _ _ Y 4 ._-_ .!_ . . 4 4 v J ._ _; A - ~ .- - z 4 _ n "' > r 1C "; ~ I _ 'T - 3" "V'I' K ' 92 _ _ . ~ '47; 5 - . vmv-.~.-Q , »*y_ .'" ; - > ¢ ~_. _, j "Properly DTCSSEG" slst-GT5 Of N01 ' 1 : K .,.92 .~§ 92 1 4 F xx ¬'92 r iv "3; n ._>;,,_'v-- Q_ 9 92' §._;;.§,,. " I 3-1-<,_A_" ¢"§ D 151- ' ..,.... L ..v-9.,_ -1' -~ - J zmun Dmahw "*1 3""" W . Q _ ___ ._ ,_ ~ .--s 1 1 at thecult's clothingstore, atChicago prices higherusuallyat other than In itsall activities,the HGTis under the samediscipline strict its from superioras otiicerthe is POI.And, the like PG,it hasa junior HGTgirls cl under the age oi 16. Schools G. Two schoolsare presently being operatedfor N01children, the t UniversityIslam oi1, No. Detroit,in the and University oi IslamNo. in 2, -I L! Chicago.neither Actually,a university. is Theone in Detroitattended is by aboutstudents 125grades oneinthrough nine, and theone in Chicagoabout has 500 studentsand includeshigh school subjects. Few tostay graduate. The_ UniversityIslam oi2 graduatedNo. in February, 1964,four only fromhigh school andseventeen from the eighthgrade. ChristineJohnson, X directoroi theChicago school,said in a r recentissue of "Muhammadum the Speaks" purposethe ofN01schools is, i 1 besides theteaching regularacademic educating subjects,children "the of Muslimsthe inknowledge oi self,through history theblack of from men l i ancientto the timespresent." described She the howschoolsturn theirboys and "intogirls self-respecting,imelligent, veil-mannered,disciplined' citizens. ' While this seemscommendable, inside movementthose the the "meow A .-.~ _.._ - __,_ éh -~ fr -» .. ,» real'" "xi-. *~'. purpose is- toindoctrinate students theElijah's with while ;;r,~r4-1;. teaching - I - v- . ~' . Q ._',;_ _. . .. ,2, ,- .- .~.~;$-" -A ? -'y'.~~»-=-1» »-;__... .- I '_ _ .:¢_e-'___." - .1 *3 -.»>'i¢~;...;,' 1' "we;:;,.'.W '.' - l§ ;.:¢~. <- ~,. 92 ,1 - - _ - __. I 5'}._ -v-*'.: :'_'}-,:RB'1. 4.?'?_"3., 1*;-§~.1§¢ ,?e'.__: -',f _- .. . 1" .--r--.~» Q * ~~- . ' _ - -.I" 7." 4 _n_ O 5'! - - as 1 ~- a-~.. them ignorantof American history andgovernment and out ofcoltsct _ with the"white devil"children. 1: is known nor umschools have manyf .'»"'i" " problemsdiscipline, of manystudents beingsuspendedand othersdroppl ' _ out because of pregnancy. A _ The Chicagoand Detroitschools have operated since themiddle 1980's,over thebutyears theyhave notbeen withouttheir problems with education andhealth officials.hiring 1963, the Illinois Legislature considereda bill concerning controlof certain schools, specificallyaimed at controlof theMuslim school;but. althoughit passed the senate, itlailed to get through the house. , Other temples,on occasions, have attempted tostart schools butto date have beenunsuccessful. Severaltemples operatedo one-day-a- week classesior N01 children, andothers have some form ofan adult education program. _ For severalyears after1958, there were numerous requestsand L I much publicityregarding donationsfora proposed large N01edacational i I F center inChicago. ThoughChicago authoritiesblocked thisbuilding - , 1 program severalyearsago, Elijah has recentlyinaugurated a new program £02" educationalan centerin Qjhicago He saysthis centerwill he hast.ion" ;;.~-@.;_t~s Muslims exclusively,but thefor wholeblack nation." is, therefore , ;. s'_.;,9 1'_-~s;§}§3H¢as.» .I .- '->.~,<'-1» ea: K ; >,1 ..-~___ »-,_-V_ , 1 . . . _,__ -, .._4__ _ :_ ;2_£_ '4 ',~ . ,' ~ - _'.'_";-vi;-92.e=_. 92 I5 '' ' '~<-___,_ > "', "'-.~ '_ ~'" '.-' ~- --"v -.-'~; _>' .1 ~:..1.. _4~"'-_¬~92 »'r.-. - -' '~-.13 1--"'"".7" §pj :f"3r 7'i -"» j,: ii_l"'_i@§' :1?" _ can , » ______. .-,.,.".-'. ;,;..'__ ~ : ____. i-_ ___,fj~-{-:.;-§,?;i-5:ij-+b;g£,;2~._ - ',n_'__.';us » 1 -_-.92._ vi M4. _..92 1/' ' . ~ _ _ - _., ' , __~e~ J12. _;fl--, *_ _'-§3§ eq,_*: ¬':1 ,,,, ~ ~92;:"._;;,: ¢ _-,3 -'1-; _-_,> . ,. .- - . , _ _...?___,_»,__, g _", ,,_,:_u_,i92 <3 V. ,§f<, _$_,,:-1;. ,_ . . .; ~ -'-- .-<- --,_- .1a_...--92".I-..'aa_ ' " 92 - _ , II -I I :-i Q A ' ,. K I: 1' 1 92. ._ appealingall "co-called to American toNegroes" contrihoteto the 10! llo.3 .~ u Q educationalfund. llijah ieels thiscenter wouldassure "lo-calledthe llegroll at hisdesire togive them"knowledge ofcell." - 1 I v .> _'».' . ;~,;. , » I;_ 3-~1¢__ 17*»-!.~ ". ;_-Q 45- - I -- --v" _.. ' "h-:' <13-V ,<_,~..,-:;,.,._. .' -"_ O . ______Vii! h-r_d_--g-t W . V g Ag_ I D- K.' 92 '. t. ' -~ - - --g-'_--5§,,_g_,.,_,___;-éz-:-Q .-..-.1 - '- ,-I-I _,- i l vi. assouncss t _, A. Sourcesof Income - ~ - _ ' ___,_,___.._-1--- "The primesource funds oi national for obligationscome thefrom Muslims "charity, NationalSecretary Ali Johnfrequentlyreminds members the in lettersto the N01 templesthroughout coimtry. the "Muslim?charity" -7»/_t. . ,5t,; __ ' certainly beginshome, 81 mm Ali, for solicitingfunds, cult demandsum a HI membersforget "should rent,their bills,wives children, and as whenthe l 4 Nationmoney needsmust you give." Charity actuallyimpliesand need, ' Y benevolenceand goodwill theto poorand suiiering. But, "llus1im cha.ri17" if reachespoor the needy,and MuhammadElijah exercise mustbenevolence, the forhe controls all theresources the cultandoi cannot,himself, said to be be suiieringirom lackoi materialthings. . Other revenueto support"the Nation"is raised by members1 92 bazaars, rallies,ad dinnersarranged by thevarious temples,through sales 1 oi thecult newspaper,and iromthe pro ts of businessesoperatedby some §1 of thetemples. - P rt It issignificant that every activity of the N01is keyed to the raisingmoney. ofThose activities which do not producethe desiredpro t A are abandonednew and activities are then stressed. 1 ._- ¢»-' .1-<' .av _ .,. s_ _,.. is- 1 '~' it ."'-lg~ " ' » L . - . , . ~ 4nk';|_ ' e ~-p__»-r 43 _. '.- t-1- » .- ~_. . . " g _ -_92 #_3 92. ., . 92 . . I; ' ' --- ,.'7-l%1~. .e'iE- ;1~,'. ' *.i=i.:§3i=<1'+~'fi- , . t .1 I 8 5 l | "1.I'unds . * Ivorymember oi ____. the N01is required to makeregular contrl- wweekly5;.-,.j_:. e- ial tundscollected each in temple.Honey collected in g lbutions to numerous spec 92 tourof thesefunds is sent directly Chicago to tor useof thenational organization: 1 * No. 2 PoorTreasury Fund--Theprime charityof the cult, thefor personaloi use Elijah to supporthis family. Central PointFund--For expenses the the ofnational organization I i P 'to and assist in paying the salariesoi various ministers. National SecurityFund--For defense the Muslims ot involvedin _ trouble with the law. 8avior'sMuslimFund--For convention Daygiftheld awhich isabout Februarypresented toof Elijah 26 eachat year. the Each memberis requested to givefrom $100to $125 in honorthe of N01founder, W. D. Fard, whosebirth date Elijah claimswas February26. 1877. K Other funds areused forthe expensesof the individual temples. ughneeds the the of particular temple determinethe numberof special s i L iundsrequired, following the been customary have in various temples: R AdministrationFund--For salary and expensesthe templeof minister. RentMortgage or Fund--Forpaymenttemple of or rent mortgage payments. _ t General Treasury Fund~-Forgeneral expenses of thetemple. Echrool Fund~=Forog;>e@r:z.ti. - u- ,- ~-._ . .. - 4;.---L ~+ i > 92 ., . . ' ,, K,-I-.~'_ In additionto these regularly usedfunds, special _ ,..;11 ~"- . . frequentlyfor taken specificincidental purposes.For example,_ . . '-._ -J attends anN01 rally put on bya certaintemple, themembers , provide extrafunds tocover hisexpenses. Often,when a temple ollicer 1 needsa new car or some extra item, the members must make additional contributions . 14 :7. .~ ~ The contributions demandedfrom membersvary in individual temples from about$6 to $18. 50per week. Ofcourse, not allmembers canmeet these demands andthis is a frequentcause forridicule of or disciplinary action against the delinquent member. A » N01 rules,which ministers constantly stressto members,include fasting on certain occasions,reduction of regular meals toone aday, and z I the nonuseof tobacco, liquor, and drugs. Ostensibly, these rulesare for t improving members health, butone wondersif there also maybe an economic reason behindthese regulationsmade byElijah. In their constantrequests ' for contributions, ministers remindthe membersthat Muslimswho eat only onemeal aday save$730 peryear morethan Christianswho eatthree meals aday; that,by followingthe rulesagainst smokingand theuse of liqusr, theycan saveadditional hu.n~ciredsof dsllars a year; ' " 92_;_ 2ft Pf ; _»,;:.', -,,' it should be nohardship for them to make their weekly duty contribut olm - i..:? l t_-_ _.d._ V.-. 1' t v -""*92;'. or~ theirannual Day 8avior'sgifts. ~. _ I ' " _ _ »'. 3 .- - 1 47; -> -' 92--_'_:__._ .".'=-_<"~'.3~ ""'92'I~"4";'.~-ff. -' 4 1 A, .-' 7...__ »'_ .7»-4. >92'Vt 01$.-;_',._' 92;4.'v'u__ J>,,., , ..- .. .. -. , -_ -_* ... ' _.-5__. -0'. _. -,-e,..1_:;;',,- -yd .;_:_"_..¢".,,%- ...;;=. 7>i*'i-r _.~~:_*- . 92'K_~§;_,§}_.~ - .* 3 _ 0;? ; _. .-_- ... _ _i>- . .* :17-'i'5". 7_! _-1 a _ -.~.:$_~. o 924 l.~",';~"c'=" :'§;,:.,;. ;,i'92"... ?.'v*:.-,_ _}§-_f,§*P'_ ./'1: "3¢_'_ _-_,< .' ~ '-u »,,-.~+g¢ *;:=.- Y-4,;-<. ;:~ ~ ",'t.~1" ~.-v.?ssi:Er..::r--.--':?l.~&'-;.=;:~>~=* < -2» > . - xk -:~.':. .-_ _ _.1k.- W__j,;__q:3392_1;>;;Y~'_;§f id-;;.-;.::.~ #3;.- 92 =m5 - 3.}2:, at 4 i:92_ ; :';;¬5¢i;'92_ ,;..,;»_ -=-* a ' e -'. 7 l 92 ' . _ -pa .» 1-- _ , H_i _-~A _ ' x _ g.. ""_""'_-;T§: ,:-Q. .- .:".T_-1.-1:;-'. :. ;,'-/W"1 ' - ~ _~~' ." 92 1 u , 2. Cult Newspagr While servingastheir main propagandathe organ, cult'sweekly newspaper,Speaks, "Muhammadis another money-making" F01 enterprise. eaptainsemphasize regularlymembers to"the that number-oneprogram is sellingnewspaper. the Thoughnumber " thebe soldvariesto individual in temples,F01 each memberis requiredto purchaseand resellirom to 50 300 copieseach ofof issue thepaper. Contests are heldthe by various temples. - Teamsmade areto coverupcertain areas of eachand city prizesare awarded to topsalesmen. A winning team of twoyoung oisalesmen onetemple sold 1 800copies a particular oi edition. Currently,the paperis running a nationwidein which contestthe winner,who "circulates" the mostcult papers beiore 30,June 1965, is promised a new1965 automobile. Salesthe by NOI's unpaid "newsboys"plus incomefrom advertising netcult the approximately$30,from 000weekly each of edition "Muhammad 8. N01 Businesses Mostthe oi larger templesthe operate cultof restaurants,grocery or meatstores, stores,clothingservice-type or and, enterprises;nearly in all otherareas where the iscult active, many additionalbusinessesseemedt ~, w are and operatedbycult members.Because businessmen thesemost "+~v ofderive " '15 K eir incomeirom tosales othercult members,theyadvertising buy '>si space:t5i_;_l;§;,§ - 5 - . , - = I _. . ' . __~"'-_"~_ ~~"', =_r* . . 92 ~ _ :4 ._~. 92Iu '_, 92__ . -- - - . - » - .. " . ' . . .; ¢:""I'. 92 , r. _"*2 -$1,:-:1. , .,_. . _ re--1 __ V V _ .1 .1 ~;. _ .._ -<_ - an 4. . r. - _._----_- - ,; » I'_ 92 - -..r'1> .40. '.':},-,-,- - . _ _ __ 92 ._ _ . '1'! ' . ' r in theN01 paper. Then, reaping double benefits, the cult demandssiaeable- 4. 92|_I_, i-. contributions from thesebusiness owners. e Elijah constantly preaches that his followers should trade only '_ with other Muslims and stresses the importance he places on Muslims developing their own business enterprises completely separate from the white society. _ iv _, Despite E1ijah's emphasis on members operating their own ? '2 v businesses, the cult's many rules restricting its members make the . i successful operation of a business very difficult. The memberwho owns a business, just as any other member, is required to attend cult meetings 92 several nights a week and on weekends and is expected to sell his quota u n of the cult newspaper. For a cult member whose establishment should I K stay open evenings and weekends, these requirements cause him a loss of income.Additionally, many of the businessman's customers are cult members who frequently buy on credit. This further. restricts § I the businessman s income because, as mentioned earlier, members Y are advised to pay their cult dues before paying their bills. '7 ~. ~ . _;.~s_;,_ "., '5- 92»;.._ . >. '' " Y.~, 1 *1 -;" ?"~ ' _ _. M Y, I Y G9,! . A. A f 4' 4. Public_Activities--Bazaars andRallies - Other favoritefund- raisingactivities ofthe N01are ralliesand 1. ,f bazaars heldby the various temples hiring the year. Amid muchpublicity, bazaarsare supposed"to focuspublic attention on the economic potentialof theNegro communityby displayingthe wares, 11": prochcts, andservices Negroof businessmen." Some form ofmusical entertain- 92 ment isprovided, andthe Muslim minister and someNegro celebrityusually > s appearspeakers. as course,Of admissionis charged, and refreshmentsmd " l ? craftwork aresold. Heavyweightboxing championCassius Clay,known inthe mlt asMuhammad Ali,is a great drawingcard forthe N01and hasappeared at _ bazaarsin New York, Boston, andother cities. A . i I Individual templesalso holdrallies atwhich Elijahor someother memberthe of national hierarchy usuallydelivers main the speech.Busloads d cult members fromnearby templesattend theserallies, andvisiting EI I- ministers precedethemain speaker to "warmup? thecrowdwath praiseof r Elijah. lollectionsaretaken from those attendance,in frequently and the § host templearranges dinner a where those in attendancemay purchasemeals ' ' followingthe rally. i - _ The most importantpublic rally of the cultis the anmual convezi oneA V '_- .»&_" called the8avior's convention Day the of Muslims.The 1965convention W _ I ' .- . 7 ~,..w My J. a three-dayaffair heldFebruary 26 through 28in the dingy , 65-year-old 1"» _~ _ , ' -3 "- -';_0-'1 ~<:~'.<' » -._ ,. ~- ,1~ . ' ~ a~:;--~..=.< ,_ ,.__.__ V .__. .i_ >¢H....,>,~ ,.:v _.', > P"__,,_ -_ - '- - ~ - - r P.-.1 av '.<_- . 4 -- - _, _ '< .~ - --- -~'~.; T-,._ $. -,;., _, *' " gin. -;-I-,g,gm.§,,_.,. . ~..__ I. . § 1 92. ';. ChicagoColiseum. As at all Muslim rallies, after passing searching procedure, the visitor enteriig the hall was met by llmlim guards holding out buckets for contributions. Ilijah appeared and spoke ' __ on only two afternoons, the 26th and the 28th. Q1 Saturday afternoon, the 27th, a Unity Bazaar was held. This is a regular event of each annual _L convention, but for this bazaar there was featured a special boxing gd. . L.aux exhibition byCassius Clay. "Muhammad Speaks" had announced that _ tickets would be on sale at cult business places for "donations" ranging A . - i 3 I from $10 for ringside to $1. 50 for third-balcony seats. Clay's schechlsd. g _ 9 r secondexhibition that day was cancelled for an undisclosed reason. E Frequently, these Muslim bazaars fall short of the claims set forth for _ F them in advance press notices. H f L . ~ G1 the last afternoon, the 28th, Elijah spoke before about 8,000 in i the hall which could hold 7, 500. Because of Malcolm's assassination a few days earlier, violence was expected, and one former Muslim was beaten and . forcibly ejected just before Elijah was to speak. The United Press has r 1 ~ reported that Elijah's rambling speech lasted over three hours and that T "even scme of his devoted followers were leaving the Chicago Coliseum as he iv} droned his way through the last hour. " Concerning the contents of Eiialfs s -1 E? . speech, the United Press reported that it "ranged from economicstoimbnn t1igbtg_, f_rom Islam to short skirts on women,and from the threat of lg 27 .3 ~ : _ J '.~'~ f. e _ . .. _ . .. . _,-. - '.. 1 ..~. as ~ 92- I -4 - r.~ . _ __ _-,-av _ U. . . > ..l.>- , -e -~ ~',»._ -- -_ . .1. -r-ii 1 ~ - e, _>,_'F; .» .* ; -. - _,- _. ."=. . -... .' _ _ ' _, -_ ',§ ~_, _ ,1 ? .. a "_.;,,-,. C . 7 -_. __-.',~'~,' i 4»-. + -_,._._...Q&.';i?" _-.-4,5. .1. *,-,'T'-1-i -: 33; ~- -, if». :=¢.~ 2§e---..- .2? ~_ _ 4 " _ - --- :4 ._"_ "- .3 .~ . »~_ 1,. .3 - ---»_. .'~; >1 'r»~'~f<"-1-1:»:-r 1.»;-.-s_.~~492~ _~.1.- =.;¥; *.~"' 4- -fa ? ":';.? ~ '-3.,/-.4. --'1» 1-+16? 2: -~ .. ,