Executive Summary

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT EXECUTIVE FOR EXPANSION OF VIJAYAWADA AIRPORT IN RESPECT OF CONSTRUCTION OF NEW SUMMARY INTEGRATED TERMINAL BUILDING & ALLIED FACILITIES AT KESARAPALLY VILLAGE, GANNAVARAM TEHSIL, KRISHNA DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

PROJECT BACKGROUND Vijayawada Airport is connected to several domestic destinations including all major cities in India like Delhi, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Bengaluru and Chennai. Air Deccan introduced a daily service between Hyderabad and Vijayawada in September 2003. Until 2011, the airport had only four flights a day operated by Kingfisher Airlines. In 2011, flag carrier Air India and private airlines Spice jet and Jet Airways introduced direct flights from to the airport. Air Costa, a regional airline started operations in October 2013, with Vijayawada as its operational hub. The existing terminal can handle up to 500 passengers at any point of time and has 18 check-in counters. The present proposal is for construction of a new Integrated Terminal Building and allied facilities.

NEED OF THE PROJECT As per current traffic data, Vijayawada Airport handled 7.17 lakh passengers in 2017-18. As per traffic projection, the airport is expected to handle 14.87 lakh passengers by 2021-22. The existing terminal building is capable of handling 1.42 MPPA. Considering the rapid growth in Domestic Air Traffic and further to upgrade the facilities to international standards, AAI has proposed to construct a new terminal building capable of handling 1200 peak hour passengers.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION The location of the project site comprise with latitude 16° 31’ 27.15” N and 26° 45’ 40.3” N and 80° 47’ 30.81” E. The nearest airport Rajahmundry lies 123 km in the north-east direction from Vijayawada. The approach to the airport is through National Highway-16 which is adjacent to the project site. Gannvaram Railway Station is 2.6 km from the project site in North direction. EXISTING FEATURES The existing airport comprise of Terminal Building , one runway, two aprons, roads, fuel storage, Car parking, Taxi-way, green cover etc. PROPOSED FEATURES The expansion of Vijayawada Airport involves construction of a new terminal building with allied facilities. Construction of Terminal building with major allied facilities includes car parking, utility block (Electrical substation, Water treatment plant, Tank, HVAC, DG set) , four lane vehicular road, sewage treatment plant. The break-up of proposed expansion is given below. After proposed expansion, approximately 60 flights will operate

Environment Consultant: Project Proponent: Greencindia Consulting Private Airports Authority of India, Vijayawada 1 Limited

per day and B 747-400, B 777-300 type of aircrafts will be handled as per traffic projection upto 2021-2022. The proposed features are given below.

1 Terminal Building 2 Car parking 3 Four lane vehicular road 4 Utility Block

PROJECT REQUIREMENT

LAND The existing airport is spread over an area of 1229.65 acres/ 497.62 Ha and the proposed expansion is planned within existing land only. The entire land of civil enclave is under possession of AAI, Vijayawada.

WATER SOURCE AND DEMAND At present, Vijayawada Airport requires 50 KLD of fresh water which is sourced from bore wells. After expansion, the total water demand would be 710 KLD, and the fresh water requirement is 290 KLD. The treated waste water use is 420 KLD. The project will utilize water supply from the ground water. During the construction stage, water will be sourced primarily through tankers arranged by the contractors as per specifications.

POWER SUPPLY AND BACKUP The present power requirement of the airport is 1250 kVA and after expansion, additional power of 1344 KW will be required and will be sourced from Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited. Presently 3 nos. of DG sets of 1500 kVA each are used for backup during power failure. 3 DG sets of 1500 kVA each will serve as power back-up after project expansion. Current peak demand is about 750 kVA which is being met from the sanctioned from Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited.. The SPV power plant with proposed capacity of 180kWp would be connected to Main Distribution Board (MDB) of Utiltiy substation & PTB substation

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT A sewage treatment plan of 550 KLD capacity based on SBR Technology is proposed after the project expansion considering the generation of wastewater generation. During the construction phase, waste water will be generated, which will be discharged through soak pits and septic tanks.

SOLID WASTE GENERATION AND DISPOSAL Construction phase: Solid waste during construction phase will be collected and disposed as per established laws and Procedures. The Organic waste will be treated at site. Approximately 2723 tonnes of construction waste will be generated from the proposed construction activities. Environment Consultant: Project Proponent: Greencindia Consulting Private Airports Authority of India, Vijayawada 2 Limited

Operation phase: Twin bin waste collection system– green bins for bio-degradable wastes and blue bins for non-biodegradable wastes shall be provided. Waste collection shall be done and temporarily stored at identified locations before disposing as per established laws and procedures. During operation phase, around 1353 kg of waste will be generated per day. CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL The major materials required for construction of the proposed project will be cement, sand, aggregates, bricks, reinforcement steel water etc. All the items to be used in proposed project will be as per the National Building Code specification. The construction material used in proposed project will be sourced from local approved vendors through the contractor and the specifications (approximately) will be as per the conditions laid in contract.

RAINWATER HARVESTING Proposed storm water system consists of pipe drain, catch basins and seepage pits at regular intervals for rain water harvesting and ground water recharging.

MANPOWER REQUIREMENT The direct employment during construction phase in proposed project will be 200 skilled, unskilled and professional workforce including temporary and permanent employees shall be required. These workforces shall be hired locally in order to generate the employment to the local people. While during the project operation stage for the purposes of day-to-day professional and maintenance works, about 170 additional staff would be required. The total required manpower during operation phase is 400. BASELINE ENVIRONMENT STATUS The baseline study was conducted during the period of 1st September 2016 to 30th November 2016 by the Vimta Labs for the EIA Report for the Proposed Extension of Runway at Vijayawada Airport at Gannavaram Village, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh (2016-2017). Thus the same baseline data has been used in this report as per OM issued by MOEF & CC (No. J-II0I3/4I/2006- IA-II(I) PART) Dated: 29th August 2017 according to which, the already collected baseline data may be re-used, provided it is not more than 3 years old.

TOPOGRAPHY The proposed project site has overall mean elevation approximately in the range of around 19-28 m amsl. The mean elevation of the New Terminal Building is in the range of 23-28.6 m amsl, whereas in case of new car parking area, the mean elevation falls in the range of 19.22 to 20.6 m amsl.

SEISMOLOGY The project site falls under seismic zone III which is a moderate damage risk zone. Environment Consultant: Project Proponent: Greencindia Consulting Private Airports Authority of India, Vijayawada 3 Limited

SOIL

 The soil is neutral to slightly alkaline, with pH ranging from 7.9 to 9.2 in the study area. The texture of the soil is dominantly sandy clay loam.

 The organic carbon in the soil samples vary between 0.46% (S1: Airport Area) to 1.02 (S6: Pomukumadu ) indicating medium to sufficient content for growth of plants as per ICAR.  The NPK content was found average for Nitrogen and Phosphorus, and with Potassium showing very low values, which is an indicator of low fertility of soil in the area, therefore, it can be concluded that the soil quality in terms of fertility is not very good for growth of vegetation.

AIR The Air Quality monitoring has been conducted for 9 sites in and around the project site.

Particulate Matter (PM10 & PM2.5): Out of the nine locations, the minimum 98P concentration for PM10 was observed as 29.7 µg/m3 recorded at Pomukumadu (AAQ6) village and the maximum concentration observed as 57.0 µg/m3 recorded at Kesarapalli (AAQ9). At all ambient air quality locations, the PM10 levels were within the prescribed standards of 100µg/m3. The minimum and maximum concentration for PM2.5 was observed as 10.6 µg/m3 Veldipadukandrika (AAQ7) at and 27.1µg/m3 at Gannavaram (AAQ4) respectively during the study period. The PM2.5 levels recorded were within the prescribed standards of 60 µg/m3.

3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): The minimum 98P concentration for SO2 was observed as 11.5 µg/m recorded at Veldipadukandrika (AAQ7) village and the maximum concentration observed as 16.9 µg/m3 recorded at

Gannavaram (AAQ4). At all ambient air quality locations, the SO2 levels were within the prescribed standards of 80µg/m3.

3 Nitrogen Dioxide (NOx): The minimum 98P concentration for NOx was observed as 14.1 µg/m recorded at Veldipadukandrika (AAQ7) village and the maximum concentration observed as 28.2 µg/m3 recorded at

Gannavaram (AAQ4). At all ambient air quality locations, the NOX levels were within the prescribed standards of 80µg/m3. Carbon Monoxide (CO): The minimum 98P concentration observed was 197 µg/m3 recorded at Veldipadukandrika(AAQ7) and the maximum concentration was observed as 448 µg/m3 at Gannavaram (AAQ4) during the study period. The CO concentrations inthe region are observed to be well under the limits of the CPCB standards. O3, NH3, Benzene and BaP Ozone: The 98P Ozone concentration was found to be in the range of 4.5 to 6.8 µg/m3 and ammonia was observed to be less than 20 µg/m3 at all the locations. Benzene and BaP were observed to be below detectable limits.

Environment Consultant: Project Proponent: Greencindia Consulting Private Airports Authority of India, Vijayawada 4 Limited

Heavy Metals, Hydrocarbons and VOCs: All heavy metals specified in the NAAQs 2009 i.e., Ni, Pb and As were found to be BDL. Within the project area, Hydrocarbons and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) were observed to be in the range of 76-129 µg/m3 and 0.1- 0.6 µg/m3 respectively.

Noise The Noise Quality has been conducted for 10 sites in and around the project site. The major source of the noise level fluctuation in daytime and night time was observed majorly due to the vehicular movement. The daytime noise levels at all the locations are observed to be within the prescribed limits for various zones. The minimum noise level observed as 43.6 dB(A) at Veldipadukandrika (N7) and maximum noise level is observed as 63.3 dB(A) at Kesarapalli (N9). It is observed that the day time noise levels are in broadly in accordance to the prescribed limit of 55 dB (A) for rural / residential areas and 75 dB (A) for industrial zones. The night time noise levels at all the locations were found to be within the prescribed limits for various zones. The minimum noise level observed 40.5 dB(A) at Veldipadukandrika (N7) and maximum noise level is observed 59.4 dB(A) at Kesarapalli (N9).It is observed that the night time noise levels are in broadly in accordance to the prescribed limit of 45 dB (A) for rural / residential areas and 70 dB (A) for industrial zones.

SURFACE AND GROUND WATER The surface water samples were collected from Two locations, Eluru Canal and Budameru pond. Summary of the water quality is given below.

 The analysis results indicate that the pH values of all the samples are in the range of 7.14 to 7.28. All values meet criteria A as per CPCB surface water quality standard.

 TDS was observed in the range of 259 mg/l at SW-2 (Budameru) to 267 mg/l at SW1 (Eluru Canal). DO was found to be in the range of 5.2 to 5.5 mg/l.

 The chloride and sulphate were found to be in the range of 26.8 at SW1 (Eluru Canal) to 36.4 SW2 (Budameru) mg/l and 28.6 at SW1 (Eluru Canal) to 31.5 mg/l SW2 (Budameru) respectively.

 In the study area BOD concentration is less than 3 (<3mg/l) at both the locations. The ground water samples were collected from Eight locations. Summary of the water quality is given below.

 The analysis results indicate that the pH of the samples ranges in between 6.64 to 7.32 which are well within the specified standard of 6.5 to 8.5.

 The maximum total hardness in groundwater found to be 622 mg/l in sample at GW2 (Jakkulanekkalam) and the minimum was observed as 161 mg/l in the sample at GW5 (Apparaopeta)

 The chloride concentration recorded from the ground water samples ranged from 198.6 mg/l (Apparaopeta) to 938.6 mg/l (Jakkulanekkalam).

Environment Consultant: Project Proponent: Greencindia Consulting Private Airports Authority of India, Vijayawada 5 Limited

 Sulphate is a naturally occurring element found in groundwater. Sulphate concentration was found in the range of 94.2 mg/l (Mantana) to 328.6 mg/l (Jakkulanekkalam). The BIS acceptable limit for sulphate in drinking water is 200 mg/l.

ENVIRONMENT SENSITIVITY There are no notified Reserved forest blocks within 10 km radius. The nearest forest block is Adavinekkalam RF situated at a distance of 13.3 km in NW direction. As per records verified in the working plan concerning the study area, there are no notified wildlife sanctuaries/ national parks/biosphere reserves/important bird areas in 10 km radius of the airport.

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES The environmental impacts were identified and the potential impacts on different environmental components due to the construction and operation of the proposed project were predicted. The airport project would create impacts on the environment in two distinct phases:

 During the construction phase which may be regarded as temporary or short – term

 The other during the operation stage which would have long – term effects The potential impacts on physical, ecological and socio-economic components of the local environment due to the proposed activities and sub-activities were predicted.

IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION PHASE: LAND ENVIRONMENT The airport is spread over an area of 1229.65 acres (497.62 ha). There is no resettlement and rehabilitation involved and no change in land use pattern due to the expansion activities of the airport is expected.

MITIGATION MEASURES FOR LAND USE

 Land for the expansion of airport has already been allotted by State Govt. of Andhra Pradesh.

 No Resettlement and Rehabilitation measures are involved;

 Compensatory plantation in land side area;

 Construction debris and waste generated during construction activities will be collected and disposed in environmental sound manner as per applicable rules depending upon type of wastes.

Environment Consultant: Project Proponent: Greencindia Consulting Private Airports Authority of India, Vijayawada 6 Limited

SOIL ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase During the construction phase, hydraulic lube oil, fuels and lubricating oils would be used at the construction site. There is possibility of spills of such oils during loading, unloading, storing and handing. Also waste oil shall be generated as and when lubricating oil will be changed from engines of DG sets and construction machineries. Chemical desegregations and contamination of soil would be on account of spillage of oil from vehicles used for transportation of construction material and from the building material used for construction purposes. Use of heavy machinery and storage of material may compact the soil. Compaction of soil as well as mixing of construction material with soil would also lead to reduced infiltration of water, decrease in permeability and increased runoff. Both physical and chemical desegregations of soil would occur during the construction phase.

MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

 Compaction and stabilization will be ensured during filling to ensure that no loose soil is washed away with runoff during rains, e.g. use of silt traps etc.

 Used oil shall be collected and stored in leak proof drums and sent to oil recyclers. The used oil drums shall be properly identified with a label in Hindi and English. Other solid wastes, like debris, metal pieces, cotton wastes, electrical wires cuttings, etc so generated will be collected & segregated and will be disposed off as per standard practices to authorized used oil recyclers.

 Dust bins will be placed at requisite locations at construction site and there will be segregation of wastes before disposal. Operation Phase Solid waste during construction phase will be collected and disposed as per established laws and Procedures. The Organic waste will be treated at site. Approximately 2723 tonnes of construction waste will be generated from the proposed construction activities. The solid waste generated in the airport will be in the tune of 1353 kg/day in operation phase. The solid waste will be collected and transported in covered trucks at approved municipal disposal site after segregation, as per Municipal Waste Management Rule, 2016.

MITIGATION MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE During the operation phase, carefully designed landscaped areas and plantation will be maintained. The Soil degradation shall be controlled by following management measures:

 Municipal waste collection bins will be placed at strategic locations in the airport.

 All inert and recyclable solid and other wastes from the airport area will be properly collected, stored and disposed. An integrated solid waste management plan will be developed. Environment Consultant: Project Proponent: Greencindia Consulting Private Airports Authority of India, Vijayawada 7 Limited

 Solid waste generated from the airport will be transported in close containers;

 Wastewater will be treated, disinfected and reused for various horticulture/green belt and other activities like flushing etc.

 Storm water will be harvested by recharge of the aquifer after filtration of silt and sand.

 Secondary containment due to runoffs from fuel, oil and other material storage areas will not be mixed with the storm water lines and will be collected and treated before discharge to drains. AIR ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase The Construction phase impacts on the air environment involves Fugitive Dust Emission is due to movement of vehicle and land preparation activities, loading and un-loading of construction materials. The building material carrying vehicles as well as the construction machinery generate emissions and pollute the environment. Diesel Generator sets are the major source of air pollution will be used for back-up power supply. Emissions from the DG sets may cause localized impact on ambient air quality for short duration as these will be operated during grid power failure.

MITIGATION MEASURES FOR AIR DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

 Fugitive dust will be controlled by sprinkling of water at the site.

 DG sets will be operated only in case of grid power failure.

 Adequate height of stacks will be provided to the DG sets as per guidelines of CPCB to facilitate the dispersion of flue gases in the atmosphere.

 Only PUC certified vehicles will be used during construction phase.

 Use of covering sheet to prevent dust dispersion at buildings and infrastructure sites; Operation Phase During the operational phase of the Vijayawada airport, the intermittent air emissions are expected from aircraft engines during approach, landing, taxiing, take-off and initial climb, which is termed as reference Landing and Take-off Cycle (LTO cycle). The air pollutants of concern from the aircrafts emissions are un-burnt Sulphur Dioxide, Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as per ICAO guidelines. Existing 3 DG sets of 1500 kVA capacity as well as after expansion, further, 3 DG sets of1500 kVA capacity each will ultimately serve as back-up during power failure. Exhaust emissions comprising NO2 and SO2 will be generated from the operation of DG sets, which will be operated only to meet the power requirement during grid power failure.

Environment Consultant: Project Proponent: Greencindia Consulting Private Airports Authority of India, Vijayawada 8 Limited

Vehicular emissions will also be generated at the expansion of airport from the operation of vehicular traffic at the airport as ground support vehicles, passenger’s pickup and dropping vehicles.

MITIGATION MEASURES FOR AIR DURING OPERATION PHASE

 Stack heights of DG sets will be as per the CPCB guidelines.

 Proper traffic management plan will be prepared to ensure that there is no traffic congestion at airport. It will help in reduction of vehicular emissions from the airport.

 Ground vehicles at the airport will be maintained and will have a “Pollution Under Control” certificate.

 Monitoring of ambient air quality/ source emissions will be carried out as per monitoring plan.

 Electrically charged vehicles would be used by airport operators for ground service equipment and cargo.

 Development of maximum permissible level of greenery and landscaping at the airport will be helpful in improving ambient air quality.

ANALYSIS OF AIR MODELLING

NO2 is the highest contributor among all pollutants analyzed. However, beyond the boundary of project, the ambient air quality will remain well within prescribed standards excluding NO2. The resultant GLC of NO2 is more 3 than 300 µg/m at the air strip area in the boundary of project site. Beyond the project boundary, the GLC of NO2 3 3 in inhabited areas will be less than 80.0 µg/m . As regards the GLC of SO2, it is more than 40 µg/m , which will also be at the air strip area in the boundary of project site and the GLC of SO2 in inhabited area will be less than 40 µg/m3. Thus the GLC of all predicted pollutants will be well within the NAAQS outside the boundary of the project. NOISE ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase During the construction phase of the site, the main source of noise pollution would be construction equipment, transportation activities and impact of noise due to work at night. Noise from Earthmoving equipment has the potential to cause nuisance, especially if large numbers of machinery used that are in poor operating condition (i.e. without noisy mufflers). Noise will be generated from vibrating machinery, movement of trucks, operation of frontend loaders and vehicle reversing alarms. Other sources include generation of noise during the operation of DG sets, during concreting, hammering, etc, and from mechanical operations, like, drilling, fitting, etc.

MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

 The construction and transportation activities shall be restricted to daytime operation only.

 Proper operation and maintenance of heavy equipment as well as transport vehicles shall also ensure lower noise emissions.

Environment Consultant: Project Proponent: Greencindia Consulting Private Airports Authority of India, Vijayawada 9 Limited

 Ear plugs, ear muffs, etc. provided to workers handling high noise equipment or stone cutting operations shall protect them from high noise exposure.

 Monitoring of ambient noise level/ source emission will be carried out as per details given in EMP. Operation Phase During operation phase of the expansion of airport, landing, take-off and taxing of various types of aircrafts will be major sources of air emissions. Also vehicular movement around the project site will contribute to increase noise level. Operation of DG Sets will also lead to high noise level.

MITIGATION MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE

 All vehicles will be parked in designated parking area only;

 Optimize use of roads at any particular time by planning vehicle movements;

 Road crossings to be used will be well marked and signalled.

 Informatory and warning signage will be retro reflective type provided, clearly visible in the night.

 Marshals will be deployed to guide the vehicles and stop vehicles to avoid traffic jam.

 Control of noise from road traffic: Trees with heavy foliage planted on both sides of roads help muffle the noise provided. The Green Belt Development would have vegetation buffers that can minimize the level of increase in Noise level of the area.

ANALYSIS OF NOISE MODELLING The noise level prediction is done for day-night equivalent noise level (LDN) as recommended by CPCB for airports and as per international practices. It is proposed by CPCB that Day-Night Average Sound Levels (DNL or LDN) shall be used to know the sound exposure on people / residents due to aircrafts and for land use planning around airports. Day-Night Average Sound Levels (DNL) is the Energy-Averaged Sound Level (Leq) measured over a period of 24 hours, with a 10 dB penalty applied to night-time (10:00 PM and 6:00 AM) sound levels to account for increased annoyance during the night hours. Total Day-Night Average Sound Levels shall be determined at locations around airports. As per normal practice, 65 LDN value is plotted with reduced LDN values as the distance increases. Reducing approach height and increasing take off/flyover heights are considered with 10dB(A) fine during night time as per CPCB recommendations. The maximum predicted noise levels due to aircrafts movement at the proposed airport are drawn for LDN 65, 55 and 50 dB(A) respectively. It is observed that at boundary, LDN of only 50 dBA has reached with 65 dBA LDN within the runway.

Environment Consultant: Project Proponent: Greencindia Consulting Private Airports Authority of India, Vijayawada 10 Limited

WATER ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase Water will be needed for construction purpose. The wastewater generation during site development and construction mainly includes the water run-off from the construction areas, stockpiles of construction materials and wastes, etc. mainly containing high suspended solids. The repair and maintenance of construction equipment / transport vehicles and washing of vehicles on-site may also generate wastewater containing oil and grease (though only in minimal quantities as normally these activities are not undertaken on-site). Also Domestic wastewater is generated from the temporary toilets, washing areas, drinking water points, etc. constructed for the construction workers and other staff on-site.

MITIGATION MEASURES FOR WATER DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

 Excavation and site clearing work will be planned during non-rainy season,

 All debris and wastes from the expansion of airport site will be collected and disposed-off suitably,

 A sediment trap will be provided to prevent the discharge of excessive suspended solids,

 An oil trap will be provided in the drainage line to prevent contamination of runoff by any oil spillage,

 To prevent contamination from spillage of oil, storage areas will be made by cemented floor, bunded and will be cleaned at regular intervals,

 Used oil and oil contaminated cotton & clothes will be given to authorized used oil recyclers.

 Suitable drainage network would be made to ensure proper draining of wastewater from the construction sites, so that such water do not form stagnant pools nor aggravate soil erosion.

 Under good construction practices, construction wastewater shall be collected in construction pits and reused in construction activities e.g. wastewater from stone cutting, cleaning, curing, etc. Thus, no significant impacts are expected on water quality in the project area due to generation of this waste-water. Operation Phase The total water demand is 710 KLD, and the fresh water requirement is 290 KLD. The treated waste water use is 420 KLD. The project will utilize water supply from the ground water. The total waste generation during operation phase is estimated to be 450 KLD which will be treated in proposed STP of 550 KLD capacity.

MITIGATION MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE

 While developing the water system for the project, utmost care would be taken to maximize the recycle/ reuse of sewage and minimize wastewater quantity. Sewage would be generated which would be treated in Environment Consultant: Project Proponent: Greencindia Consulting Private Airports Authority of India, Vijayawada 11 Limited

the STP of capacity of 550 KLD based on SBR Technology and treated water would reused for flushing, landscaping, water sprinkling etc.

 Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) system would be provided for water conservation. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Construction and operation phase will not have significant negative impact on biological environment, since the existing construction activities are going to be carried out on already existing land of Airports Authority of India. Some of the indirect impacts include:

 Likely settling of dust to be generated by movement of vehicles for construction activities on leaves may results in to stunted growth of vegetation and may also affect the of production capacity.

 Large numbers of labor population will influx the area during construction and operation phase leading to increased interaction with flora.

 Dumping of huge quantity of excavated earth material may lead to loss of flora in the project area.

MITITGATION MEASURES FOR BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

 All the vehicles delivering materials to the site shall be covered to avoid spillage of material.

 Approach road used by vehicles shall be kept clean and clear of dust.

 All earth work shall be protected to minimize dust generation.

 All crusher used in construction shall confirm to relative dust emission devises. SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Invariably all development projects lead to some change in quality of life in the respective regions in the form of increased business potential, subsequent (supportive) industrial & infrastructure development leading to opening up of employment opportunities as well as avenues for livelihood (direct as well as indirect). The operation of proposed airport will result in a boost in industrial, tourism, commercial activities in the region. This will improve direct and indirect employment opportunities, infrastructure, revenue generation, commercial and industrial activities; therefore resulting in positive impacts on the employment and economic growth of the region. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

SELECTION OF ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES During design and construction of new terminal building at the airport necessary measures will be taken for conservation of energy in line with “Energy Conservation Building Code–2017” and “National Building Code 2016”. The important energy conservation measures proposed for new terminal building are described below:

 Airport Terminal building will be designed and constructed for GRIHA Rating 4 star.

 Use of Energy Efficient building material & glass. Environment Consultant: Project Proponent: Greencindia Consulting Private Airports Authority of India, Vijayawada 12 Limited

 Use of LED lamps instead of GLS lamps.

 Use of Solar Backed up Light Emitting Diode Lamps instead of par lamps.

 Energy efficient HVAC system.

 Solar passive techniques for terminal building.

 Use of 5 star BEE energy efficiency rating electrical equipment’s.

 Microprocessor-based Building Management System (BMS) will be installed for minimization of energy consumption.

 Automatic lighting on/ off control system will be provided in the airport area for optimum utilization of energy. By adopting above measures about 30% energy will be saved.

SELECTION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY Many technological alternatives for wastewater treatment are available, ranging from advanced technologies to conventional treatment options. Many factors, such as capital costs, operation and maintenance costs and land requirement, are involved in the decision-making process. After detailed evaluation, SBR technology has been selected for proposed STP plant. The technology offers various advantages, which are mentioned below:

 Equalization, Primary clarification (in most cases), biological treatment and secondary clarification can be achieved in a single reactor vessel.

 Operating flexibility and control

 Minimal footprint

 Potential capital cost savings by eliminating clarifiers and other equipment.

 Odour-free; and

 Low energy requirement etc.

ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN The purpose of the monitoring programme is to ensure that the intended environmental measures are achieved. To ensure proper implementation of the Environment Management Plan (EMP), it is essential that an effective monitoring programme is designed and carried out during construction and operation. The broad objectives of the environment monitoring programme are

 To monitor impacts on the surrounding environment and the effectiveness of mitigation measures during the construction and operation.

Environment Consultant: Project Proponent: Greencindia Consulting Private Airports Authority of India, Vijayawada 13 Limited

 To ensure that the environmental control systems are operating satisfactorily.

 To suggest on-going improvements in management plan, if required, for subsequent effective monitoring. The Environment Monitoring Cost for Construction Phase is INR 13.64 lakhs and for Operation Phase is INR 27.28 lakhs. RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN Fuel storage area has been one of the prime concerns as far as airport risk and hazards are concerned. All the fuels are being stored in the fuel yard located within the airport premises. The fuel yard comprises of storages of HSD and ATF fuel. High Speed Diesel (HSD) for the DG sets will be available at the site. It is proposed that the oil company which will supply the fuel for the proposed airport will bring oil tankers inside and provide the necessary arrangements for filling. Any accident the tanker meets during filling inside airport will cause accidental spillage on concrete surface and related risks. To assess the impact of accident MCA analysis for HSD has been done. The results of MCA analysis for HSD are tabulated indicating the distances for various damages identified by the damage criteria. Calculations are done for radiation intensities levels of 37.5, 25, 19, 12.5, and 4.5 kW/m2 which are presented in chapter-7 (Table – 7.5) for Instantaneous pool fire. The distances predicted for various scenarios are given in meters and are from the center of the pool. A perusal of the above study clearly indicates that 37.5 kW/m2 (100% lethality) and 25.0 kW/m2 (50% lethality) occurs at 37.3 m and 46.9 m respectively. Similarly, the threshold limit for 0% lethality with 1st degree burns is 4.5 kW/m2 and thermal radiation contour of 1.6 kW/m2 will occur at a distance of 224.9m. Therefore the potential failure of HSD will only have effect on the activities falling within the premises. Therefore it requires immediate evacuation of population and provide immediate medical facilities for injured persons as mentioned in Disaster Management Plan. PROJECT BENEFITS The existing building capacity is near saturation, therefore there is a need to build a new passenger terminal building to cater to the passengers’ convenience considering future growth of Vijayawada Airport. There will be increased connectivity to the surrounding areas and will aid the economic development of the region. This will also increase various economical activities including the local industries and businesses, and would provide significant employment opportunities to the surrounding areas. Social and community infrastructure and services will be provided in response to the need of the local communities. Various CER activities such as health awareness and check-up camps, construction of toilets, Education promotion has been proposed. The estimated cost for proposed CER activities is INR 136 lakhs.

Environment Consultant: Project Proponent: Greencindia Consulting Private Airports Authority of India, Vijayawada 14 Limited

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) consists of description of the administrative aspects of ensuring that mitigative measures are implemented and their effectiveness monitored, after approval of the EIA. the capital cost for EMP during the construction phase have been estimated to be 17.80 Lakhs while the annual recurring cost will be Rs 2.9 lakhs. The EMP cost during the operation phase have been calculated to be Rs 82.65 lakhs as capital cost and Rs 16.60 lakhs as annual recurring cost.

Environment Consultant: Project Proponent: Greencindia Consulting Private Airports Authority of India, Vijayawada 15 Limited