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Kataloge Von Abell, Arp, Hickson Und Co Kataloge von Abell, Arp, Hickson und Co. Ein astronomischer Katalog ist ein Verzeichnis astronomischer Objekte mit gemeinsamen Eigenschaften, etwa Form, Zusammensetzung oder ihre Entdeckungs- methode. Astronomische Kataloge sind meistens das Ergebnis von Untersuchungen zu astronomischen Objekten Kataloge für Objekte des Sonnensystems ( Planeten, Asteroiden, Kometen, Kleinplaneten) Stellare Einzelobjekte (Sterne, Exoplaneten, Pulsare u. a.) z.B. GSC (25 Millionen), HIP (>1 Million), Kepler (>500) Kataloge für Sternhaufen Cr (Collinder Katalog, Per Collinder, 1931) 471 offene Sternhaufen GCL (Globular Clusters, Alter G., Ruprecht J., Vanysek V. 1970 ) 137 Kugelsternhaufen OCL (Alter G., Ruprecht J., Vanysek V. 1983 ) 1112 offene Sternhaufen Tr (Trumpler Katalog ; Robert Julius Trumpler, 1930 ) 37 offene Sternhaufen Interstellare Materie Diffuse und planetarische Nebel, Dunkelwolken, Molekülwolken, SN-Reste B (Barnard-Katalog, Edward Barnard; 1927) 349 CED (Catalog of bright diffuse Galactic nebulae, Cederblad 1946) 330 LBN (Lynds´ Catalogue of Bright Nebulae, B.T. Lynds; 1965) 1125 LDN (Lynds´ Catalogue of Dark Nebulae, B.T. Lynds; 1962) 1791 Sh (Catalogue of HII Regions, Sharpless S. , 1959) 313 VdB (Catalogue of Reflection Nebulae; Sidney van den Bergh; 1966) 158 Extragalaktische Objekte (Galaxien, Galaxienhaufen, Quasare) Abell ( Katalog der Galaxienhaufen, George Ogden Abell, 1958, 1989) 4073 Arp ( Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, Halton C. Arp, 1966) 338 AM ( Southern Peculiar Galaxies; Arp, Barry F. Madore, 1987) 6445 CGCG (Catalogue of Galaxies and of Clusters of Galaxies) HCG (Hickson´s Compact Groups of Galaxies, Paul Hickson, 1982-1994) 100 Mrk (Catalogue of Markarian Galaxies, Benjamin Markarjan, 1967-1981) 1525 PGC oder LEDA ( Principal Galaxies Catalogue, Von Astronomen aus Lyon und Meudon veröffentlicht, 1989) 983 261 UGC ( Uppsala General Catalogue of Galaxies, Peter Nilson, 1973) 12 940 ZWG oder CGCG (Zwicky Galaxy Catalog ; Fritz Zwicky und Mitarbeiter , 1961-1968) 28 840 Gemischte Kataloge (Nebel, Sternhaufen, Galaxien) ESO (Durchmusterung, 1982 ) 18 438 IC (IC I und IC II) ( Index Katalog, Johan Ludvig Emil Dreyer, 1895 , 1908) 5386 M (Messier Katalog, Charles Messier, 1764–1782 ) 110 NGC (New General Catalogue, Johan Ludvig Emil Dreyer, 1888) 7840 NGC 2000.0 (The Complete New General Catalogue and Index Catalogue, Roger Sinnott, 1988) 13 226 Himmelsdurchmusterungen (nicht objektspezifisch) 2MASS ( Two Micron All Sky Survey, 1997-2001) 470 992 970 SDSS ( Sloan Digital Sky Survey, 2007) 2 304 179 200 Paul Hickson Der Kanadische Astronom Paul Hickson suchte in den 70'er Jahren auf den Palomar Fotoplatten (POSS) systematisch nach Galaxiengruppen und veröffentlichte 1982 seine ersten Ergebnisse. Der endgültige, 100 Objekte umfassende Katalog erschien 1994. Kriterien für die Aufnahme in den Katalog waren eine Mitgliederanzahl von mindestens 4 Galaxien bei maximalen Helligkeitsunterschieden von 3mag, Kompaktheit der Gruppe und Isolation nach außen. Ziel der Zusammenstellungen waren unter anderem Untersuchungen über Dunkle Materie. HCG 10 in der Andromeda NGC 531 NGC 529 NGC 536 NGC 542 NGC 3193 NGC 3187 NGC 3190 NGC 3185 Hickson 44 (Arp 316) im Löwen UGC 10127 NGC 6027 HCG 79 Seyferts Sextett in der Schlange NGC 5350 NGC 5355 NGC 5354 NGC 5358 NGC 5353 HCG 68 in den Jagdhunden NGC 7320C NGC 7319 NGC 7318A,B NGC 7317 HCG 92 Stephans Quintett im Pegasus; Arp 319 Halton Christian Arp (1927 – 2013) studierte an der Harvard University (B.A., 1949) bei Harlow Shapley (Vermesser der Milchstraße) und ging nach Los Angeles ans CalTech (Ph.D., 1953) zu Edwin Hubble. Danach wurde er 1953 wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter der Carnegie Institution of Washington, für die er am Mount-Wilson- Observatorium und am Palomar-Observatorium forschte. 1955 wurde er Forschungsassistent an der Indiana University und 1957 Angestellter des Mount- Palomar-Observatoriums, wo er 29 Jahre lang tätig war. Arp wurde bekannt für die umstrittene Theorie, nach der die Rotverschiebung speziell von Quasaren eine bisher unbekannte nicht- kosmologische Ursache hat und daher zur Bestimmung der Entfernung nicht geeignet ist. Damit stellte er eine der Grundlagen der Urknalltheorie in Frage. Ebenso vertrat er eine alternative Gravitationstheorie im Sinne der Le-Sage-Gravitation (G.Louis Le-Sage, 1724- 1803). Als Halton Arp am Palomar-Observatorium in Ungnade fiel, holte ihn Kippenhahn, der in den 1980er Jahren das Max-Planck- Institut für Astrophysik (MPA) in Garching bei München leitete, mit einem Stipendium nach München. Ab 1983 wurde Halton Arp als unbezahlter Gastwissenschaftler am MPA geführt. Arp stellte auch einen Katalog ungewöhnlicher Galaxien zusammen, den Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. Arp starb 2013 in München Arp 244 Arp 22 NGC 4038 NGC 4039 NGC 4027 Sternbild Rabe Arp 26 = M 101 Arp 29 = NGC 6946 IC 3583 Arp 76 = M 90 in der Jungfrau Arp 78 = NGC 772 / NGC 770 im Widder NGC 772 NGC 770 <-- SN 2005cs Arp 85 = M51, NGC 5194/5195 NGC 4402 NGC 4435 NGC 4438 M 86 Arp 120 = NGC 4435 / 4438 NGC 474 NGC 470 NGC 467 Arp 227 = NGC 474 / NGC 470 in den Fischen Arp 227 (NGC 474 / NGC 470) "Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope / Coelum , 2013" 3,58m CFHT , Hawaii , 4024m 0,30m ASA f/3,6 ; Puchenstuben, 900m Megacam am CFHT The wide-field imager, MegaCam (built by CEA, Saclay, France), consists of 36 2048x4612 pixel CCDs (a total of 340 megapixels), covering a full 1 x 1 square degree field-of-view with a resolution of 0.187 arcsecond per pixel to properly sample the 0.7 arcsecond median seeing offered by the CFHT at Mauna Kea. The new prime focus upper end, MegaPrime, includes an image stabilization unit and a guide/autofocus unit with two independent guide CCD detectors Overall mass: 350 kg Mobile mass (moving with the FSA): 230 kg Cryostat: Cold plate temperature: -120 degrees Celsius Readout electronics Readout time: 30s Readout noise: less than 5 electrons Shutter Type: Half rotating disk Diameter: 1 m Minimum exposure time: 1 second Filter jukebox Number of filters: 8 Filter change time (in any position of the telescope): 2 mn Arp 273 = UGC 1810 / UGC 1813 in der Andromeda UGC 1810 UGC 1813 NGC 4631 NGC 4656 Sternbild Jagdhunde NGC 4657 NGC 4656 Arp 281 = NGC 4631 / NGC 4627 Arp 317 = Leo Triplett aus M65, M66 und NGC 3628 Arp 337 = M 82 George Ogden Abell ( 1927 -1983) Abell schloss mit einem Doktorgrad (Ph.D. 1957) am California Institute of Technology (CalTech) ab. Er war Professor an der University of California, Los Angeles. Zu den Themen seiner Forschung gehörten unter anderem Planetarische Nebel, besonders hervorzuheben ist aber sein Beitrag zu den Anfängen der beobachtenden Kosmologie. Auf der Basis des Palomar Observatory Sky Survey erstellte er seit den 1950er Jahren den Abell-Katalog von Galaxienhaufen, mit dessen Hilfe erstmals die Struktur des Universums bis zu einer Rotverschiebung von etwa 0,2 untersucht werden konnte, und der bis heute von Bedeutung geblieben ist. Besonderheiten des Abell-Katalogs Der Katalog ist eine erweiterte Version von George Ogden Abells ursprünglichem nördlichem Katalog von 1958, welcher nur 2712 Galaxienhaufen enthielt, um weitere 1361 Haufen aus den zuvor nicht erfassten Teilen des Südhimmels. Der Katalog entstand durch Inspektion der rot- empfindlichen Aufnahmen des Palomar Observatory Sky Survey. Die südliche Ergänzung stammt aus Aufnahmen des UK Schmidt-Teleskops. Jeder der enthaltenen Haufen umfasst mindestens 30 Galaxien zwischen der Helligkeit des dritthellsten Haufen- mitglieds m3 und zwei Magnituden schwächer (m3+2). Abell 262 in der Andromeda Entfernung 200 Mio Lj Perseus-Pices Superhaufen UGC 1347 UGC 1350 UGC 1344 NGC 703 NGC 708 Seyfert-Galaxie NGC 710 Abell 347 südöstlich von NGC 891 Entfernung 250 Mio Lj „Stephans Haufen“ NGC 906 NGC 911 NGC 910 Abell 426 Perseushaufen 2° nordöstlich von Algol NGC 1275 -> „Perseus A“ Entfernung 240 Mio Lj NGC 1278 NGC 1275 NGC 1272 NGC 4889-Gruppe NGC 4874 Gruppe NGC 4921 Abell 1656 Coma-Galaxienhaufen Entfernung ca. 340 Mio Lj. Abell 2151 Herkuleshaufen Entfernung ca. 500 Mio Lj. Teil des Herkules-Superhaufens NGC 6040A,B NGC 6041A,B NGC 6039 IC 1178,1181 NGC 6061 IC 1190 IC 1189 NGC 6055 NGC 6056 Abell, Arp, Hickson und Co AAS-Astronomieworkshop 2018 Alle Aufnahmen: Franz Klauser, Privatsternwarte in Puchenstuben, 900m, Niederösterreich ESPRIT APO 100/550mm bei f=410mm, EOS 6Da 12“ ASA Astrograph f=1080mm, FLI ML 8300 15“ Newton mit f=1750mm, SXV-H9 Kamera Bildbearbeitung: Manfred Wasshuber Danke für Eure Aufmerksamkeit.
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