A Publication of The American Physiological Society The
EB ‘00 Late Breaking Abstracts Deadline:See February PagePhysiologist 425 21, 2000
Volume 42, Number 6 December 1999 The Benefits of Biomedical Research FASEB Office of Public Affairs Our nation’s sustained investment in biomedical There’s more good news. Because of opportu- research has given us longer lives, better health, nities created by federal government support for and lowered cost of illness. Important, too, are fundamental science, the pharmaceutical indus- the myriad technological spin-offs that have try invests more than $20 billion every year in applications to so many different areas of our research and today has more than 1,000 medi- economy. Ahead of us are a growing number of cines in development (including 316 anti-cancer opportunities for advancement in health and medicines and 146 vaccines and drugs for chil- Inside quality of life, and public support for continued dren) (5). In 1998, US pharmaceutical compa- investment in research is strong. We can antici- nies introduced 30 new drugs and 9 new vac- pate significant progress in the future if we cines. Further, more than 300 new medicines maintain our commitment to federal funding of have become available in this decade (6). Individual research conducted in government facilities, pri- Impact Factors vate institutes, and universities. Reducing the Cost of Illness for AJP Research-based knowledge in the biomedical Journals in 2000 Longer Lives and Better Health sciences reduces the burden of illness by lower- p. 391 Investment in biomedical research has propelled ing incidence rates for many diseases and rais- a remarkable transformation in our understand- ing the quality of life for those who are still ing of the life sciences and has given us a boun- afflicted. Improvements in the prevention and ty of new ways to prevent, treat, and cure dis- treatment of illness also lead to significant 2000 Officers & ease. Major threats to public health have been reductions in the cost of illness. While studies Standing reduced, quality of life has improved, and life frequently differ in their methodologies and Committees expectancy has continued to rise. A child born in approaches to measurement, there is a growing p. 399 the United States in 1997 can expect to live 76.5 body of evidence identifying research-based years, 3.9 years longer than a child born in 1975 cost savings. A 1993 study identified 33 health (1). care advances from NIH-supported research that Examples of improved therapies flowing from saved between $8.3 and $12 billion per year (7). APS biomedical research include better methods for Additional examples of cost savings from med- Undergraduate treating AIDS. New therapies made possible by ical research were compiled in a 1995 report by Research the discovery of protease inhibitors have low- Silverstein et al. (8). One study has estimated ered mortality rates for this disease, and that the federal government’s investment in bio- Fellowship although HIV infection is still the leading cause science is $62 per citizen, whereas the benefits p. 421 of death for males between the ages of 25 and 44 returned to each of us are worth $5,600 (9). (2), there is new hope for AIDS victims. New Some of the most expensive of health care drugs and therapies have lowered death rates costs are those associated with chronic disabili- The AAAS Mass from heart attacks and stroke. In the past two ty. Rates of chronic disability in the US elderly Media decades, deaths from stroke have declined by population have been declining at an accelerated Experience 59% and deaths from heart attacks by 53% (3). pace over the past 12 years (10). This reduction For cancer, incidence and mortality rates have in long-term disability rates from 1982 to 1994 p. 422 also begun to decline (4). (continued on page 392)
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 389 Published bimonthly and distributed by The American The Physiological Society 9650 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3991 Physiologist ISSN 0031-9376 Walter F. Boron Volume 42 Number 6 December 1999 President L. Gabriel Navar Past President Gerald F. DiBona Contents President-Elect Martin Frank Editor and Executive Director NIH 2000 Budget Set 429 The Benefits Councillors of Biomedical Research OMB Finalizes FOIA Dale J. Benos, Hannah V. Carey, FASEB Office of Public Affairs 389 Regulation 429 William W. Chin, HHS Revises Animal Research Richard J. Traystman, Phyllis M. Wise, Jo Rae Wright AJP Impact Factors Cost Allocations 430 Government Publishes Individual Impact Factors Ex Officio Misconduct Definition 431 Dale J. Benos, for AJP Journals in 2000 391 Activist Accuses ALDF Barbara E. Goodman, of False Solicitation 432 Edward H. Blaine, Publications OPRR Human Subjects John E. Hall, Judith A. Neubauer Introducing Asrar B. Malik 396 Division to Move 433 APS Welcomes New Varmus Leaving NIH 433 Publications Committee: Chairman: Publications Manager 397 Dale J. Benos; Members: David H. Boundaries Panel Adds Alpers, R. Davis Manning, Jr., James Review Group 434 A. Schafer, Stephen H. Wright. APS News Animal Rights Group Sends Publications Manager: Margaret Thank You, Jim! 398 Booby-Trapped Letters 435 Reich. Design and Copy Editor: 2000 Officers and Lab Animal Use Declines 435 Joelle R. Grossnickle. Standing Committees 399 Subscriptions: Distributed to mem- Positions Available 436 bers as part of their membership. Nonmembers in the USA: individuals Membership People & Places $42.00; institutions $62.00. Membership Statistics 402 Nonmembers elsewhere: individuals Marcus E. Raichle Receives New Members 404 $52.00; institutions $73.00. Single Bristol-Myers Squibb Award 445 copies and back issues when available, APS Members Elected to IOM 445 $10.00 each; single copies and back Experimental Biology 2000 Beyenbach Receives Germany’s issues of Abstracts issues when avail- Order of Merit Award 446 able, $20.00. Subscribers to The EB 2000 Lectureships 410 Physiologist also receive abstracts of Section-Sponsored Deceased Members 446 the Conferences of the American Featured Topics 412 Physiological Society. Symposia Schedule 413 News From Senior The American Physiological Society Physiologists 450 assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinions advanced by Conferences contributors to The Physiologist. Book Reviews 452 1999 APS Conference Report 415 Deadline for submission of material 2000 APS Conferences 417 for publication: Jan. 1, February issue; Books Received 456 March 1, April issue; May 1, June Fellowships issue; July 1, August issue; Sept. 1, 1999 APS Postdoctoral Fellows 421 October issue; Nov. 1, December APS Undergraduate Summer Announcements 456 issue. Research Fellowship 421 Please notify the central office as The AAAS Mass Media Scientific Meetings soon as possible if you change your Experience 422 and Congresses 461 address or telephone number. Public Affairs Headquarters phone: 301-530-7164. APS Membership Fax: 301-571-8305. NIH Grant Success Rates http://www.faseb.org/aps/ Improving 424 Application 462 Printed in the USA
390 The Physiologist AJP Impact Factors
Individual Impact Factors for AJP Journals in 2000
For a number of years, the Society had they were prepared to change their pro- Factor of 23.656. The Journal of been hearing from the membership that cedures to accommodate the individual Neurophysiology ranked 7th, News in journal impact factors were being used AJP journals. Physiological Sciences ranked 18th, to measure the quality of journals, influ- In order to do this, APS will change and the Journal of Applied Physiology encing authors’ decisions on manuscript slightly the way it references the AJP ranked 19th. If you would like to know submission and tenure committees’ journals and add the volume number of more about Impact Factors, there is an decisions on promotion. This has espe- the consolidated AJP to the covers of article on the web by Helen Atkins of cially been a problem for authors pub- the individual journals starting in ISI at http://www.dlib.org/dlib/septem- lishing in the American Journal of January 2000. Articles will now be ref- ber 99/atkins/09atkins.html. Physiology. After all, the AJP impact erenced with the AJP and section title As stated above, Impact Factors have factor of 3.077 is really an average appearing as one title, and using the been used for years as an indicator of based on the strengths and weaknesses consolidated AJP volume number (e.g., the quality of a journal. Libraries, too, of the individual AJP journals. In order Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 277: have used them as indicators of quality to respond to this problem, the Society C361-C372, 1999). An ID line will when making purchasing decisions. In a previously contracted with the Institute appear in the upper right-hand corner of subtle variation on this theme, they are for Scientific Information (ISI) to per- the first page of each article to help now also being used when considering form a citation analysis of the individ- authors with the proper citation style. the value of a journal. In a recent study ual AJP journals compared with similar When ISI releases Impact Factors in done at the University of Wisconsin, journals in the field. The most recent 2000, the Impact Factors for the section journals published by non-profit pub- analysis was published in the June 1998 journals will have been derived using a lishers were found to cost less than issue of The Physiologist (http://www. manual calculation. They plan to fix the those published by commercial publish- faseb.org/aps/cstats.htm). A review of data back to 1994. ISI will develop a ers. Non-profit journals were found to the article indicates that the AJP: Renal system to include this in their regular be particularly more cost-effective than Physiology and the AJP: Cell Physiol- citation production during the next year. for-profit journals when compared ogy had the highest mean citation scores As more data are accumulated, and based on Impact Factors. The study of the AJP journals, exceeding the more links to our journal articles are looked at economics, physics, and neu- scores of a number of their competitor fixed, the data will become more mean- roscience journals. Among the neuro- journals. Unfortunately, this informa- ingful during the next 3-5 years. With science journals, in a range of cost per tion has not been sufficient to influence many researchers using Impact Factors impact of 0.14 to 61.32, the APS’s the decisions of authors and promotion to decide where to submit articles, it Journal of Neurophysiology had a committees. was deemed critical that the section cost/impact of 0.298. The study, pre- In order to address this nagging prob- journals have Impact Factors, because pared by George Soete, can be found on lem, APS has negotiated with ISI to manuscripts are submitted to them indi- the web at http://www.library.wisc.edu/ start providing Impact Factors for the vidually. As a result of this change, the projects/glsdo/cost.htm. ❖ individual AJP journals. Up until now, consolidated AJP will no longer have an only the consolidated American Journal Impact Factor. of Physiology has received an Impact ISI publishes Impact Factors for 67 Factor because most researchers cite journals in its physiology category. The articles from those journals using only Impact Factors reported below are the consolidated journal’s volume and based on the citations of a journal in page numbers. items published in 1996 and 1997 divid- On August 20, 1999, at ISI headquar- ed by the total number of items pub- ters in Philadelphia, PA, APS President lished by a journal in those two years. Walter Boron, Publications Committee In 1998, the AJP, with an Impact Factor Chair Dale Benos, Executive Director of 3.077, was ranked 1st in number of Martin Frank, and Publications citations and 9th in Impact Factor Manager Margaret Reich met with staff among 67 physiology journals. The of ISI and its founder and developer of physiology journal with the highest the Impact Factor, Eugene Garfield. ISI Impact Factor was the Society’s informed the APS representatives that Physiological Reviews, with an Impact
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 391 Research Benefits
(continued from page 389) The Unique Role committee recommended that Congress should make stable and substantial fed- resulted in a smaller nursing home pop- of Federal Funding eral funding for scientific research a ulation in 1994 than would have been Public funds promote the climate of high priority (15). the case if the disability rates stayed the openness and sharing that accelerates The Council on Competitiveness (a same. It also saved $17.3 billion in the process of discovery, verification, nonprofit council of 161 corporate chief nursing home expenses. Moreover, if and product development. While the executives, university presidents, and these statistics continue to improve, private sector is important to research labor leaders) recommends that the fed- there could be a substantial decrease in and development in this country, the eral government increase its investment future Medicare and Medicaid costs. federal government is the only source in basic research (16). The council’s Among the factors contributing to this able to provide the broad, long-term report concludes that health research significant reduction in disability rates support necessary for basic research. has not been supported at levels and projected health care expenditures The returns to investment in fundamen- required to realize the potential of are recent biomedical research on the tal research are difficult to predict. We emerging scientific opportunities and, fundamental biology of disease mecha- know that they occur and that they are moreover, changes in the health care nisms and the modification of those extremely valuable. What we do not system have diminished traditional mechanisms by biomedical interven- know is when they will happen or how sources of research support. Although tions (11). they will be applied. If left totally to we are currently the world’s leader in The use of pharmaceuticals (especial- market forces, basic research would be research and innovation, the Council on ly new pharmaceuticals) has reduced underfunded since the gains from basic Competitiveness cautions that increas- hospitalization rates. It is estimated that research are shared and the profits may ing international competition leaves no each dollar increase in pharmaceutical not be captured by private investors. room for complacency. expenditure yielded a $3.65 reduction For example, the basic research on in hospital costs (12). Improved under- the enzymology of DNA synthesis and Our Thriving Pharmaceutical degradation conducted by Nobel laure- standing of molecular biology will and Biotechnology Industries result in even more efficient and effec- ate Arthur Kornberg provided one of the tive pharmaceutical research and will cornerstones of the current revolution in Rely on Publicly Supported lower the cost of drug development biotechnology. Public support for Research (13). Kornberg’s research came “without any For many years, the success and pros- The estimated savings in nursing promise or expectation that this perity of the US pharmaceutical indus- home and hospitalization costs cited research would lead to marketable prod- try has relied on publicly funded sci- above do not adjust for other expenses, ucts or procedures. No industrial organ- ence for skilled personnel and such as the costs of home care, that ization had, or ever would have, the “enabling discoveries,” those funda- might be incurred as inpatient stays are resources or disposition to invest in mental scientific insights that lead to reduced. Thus, the net savings may be such long-range, apparently impractical new therapeutics. The revolution in somewhat lower. However, regardless programs” (14). molecular biology increased the impor- of the ultimate level of these counter- Maintaining world leadership in tance of this connection (17). A review vailing costs, the movement of patients research is vital for our prosperity, pres- of the 21 drugs with the greatest thera- from hospitals and nursing homes has tige, and even our national security. Our peutic effect introduced between 1965 many advantages for patients and health reputation, influence, and political and 1992 found that only 5 (24%) were care providers (not the least of which is power are reinforced by our role as the not based on a key enabling discovery enhanced patient comfort). world’s leader in research and educa- made in the public sector. Over time, The most important qualification to tion. The relationships forged by indi- this connection between publicly sup- the efforts to measure cost savings, viduals working in our laboratories and ported basic research and drug develop- however, involves the inability to quan- schools also facilitate valuable links to ment has become stronger. tify the quality of life improvements their counterparts around the globe. Government-funded basic research is associated with more effective treat- Recent studies have underscored the an important precursor to innovation by ment and prevention of disease. These importance of federal funding for basic the pharmaceutical industry (18). In benefits are significant but cannot be research. The House Committee on addition to providing highly skilled per- converted to a simple dollar estimate. Science, under the direction of Vernon sonnel and new insights into the life sci- The incalculable value of better health J. Ehlers (R-MI), reviewed our nation’s ences, public funding stimulates addi- and reduced disability is the most pre- science policy in 1998 and emphasized tional investment by the drug compa- cious outcome of biomedical research. the unique role of federal funding. The nies and enhances the effectiveness of
392 The Physiologist Research Benefits their R&D expenditures (19). Direct will create more economic and social investment in academic research was interactions and exchanges between benefits than their applications of 28% and that academic research was academic scientists and researchers in biotechnology to health. crucial to industrial innovation in high- the public sector is a critical mechanism tech industries such as pharmaceuticals by which private sector firms recognize Support For Research and and information processing (28). It is and use new scientific discoveries. difficult to overstate the economic Relationships between pharmaceutical Education in a Wide Range of importance of technology to the nation- firms and publicly funded scientists in Scientific Fields al economy: by one estimate, technolo- academia and government raise the We must fund research in a wide range gy accounts for more than 50% of the level of private sector research produc- of scientific fields. The contributions of economic growth in this country (29). tivity by as much as 30-40% (20). chemistry, physics, mathematics, com- The benefits of research flow through This country’s dynamic pharmaceuti- puter science, and engineering are a range of mechanisms, including per- cal industry is prosperous, with estimat- essential to improving quality of life sonnel exchanges and direct applica- ed sales of $134 billion in 1999 (21). and raising standards of living. tions of the scientific research literature Domestic employment in research- Advances in mathematics, physics, (30). A recent examination of US based pharmaceutical companies also chemistry, and engineering are also patents revealed that 73% of the continues to grow, having exceeded vital to progress in medical science research papers cited by US industry 208,000 workers in 1998. Many of (25), any growth in future research patents were written by scientists work- these are high paying, high technology funding must reflect their importance. ing in universities, government, or other jobs that contribute substantially to The tremendous potential for progress nonprofit institutions (31). A study con- growth in other technology-intensive in biological and medical research will ducted by the Massachusetts Institute of sectors of the economy. be realized only if there is a steady flow Technology found that approximately a Federal support for biomedical of new insights from the other fields of billion dollars has been invested by pri- research produced the new techniques science. Such discoveries have pro- vate industry in the development and of molecular biology and the scientist pelled much of our progress in the past early commercialization of inventions who could use them. The movement of and will undoubtedly guide our success licensed from currently active patents these individuals and methods from in the future (26). The enzyme, Taq held by that institution (32). A subse- academia to industry were vital for the polymerase, for example, was first quent study of exclusive patent licenses emergence of the US biotechnology found in deep sea bacteria. It later granted by the University of industry (22). proved essential in the development of Pennsylvania found similar patterns of As this high technology industry con- polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a induced investment, and the authors tinues to grow, it increases its contribu- powerful tool for medicine, biotechnol- estimated that in 1995 licenses from all tion to society. Employment grew by ogy, and forensic science (27). universities led to investments of $4.6 9%, with 153,000 people now working Our continued progress and leader- billion and created 27,000 private sector in the US biotech industry. Product ship in science and technology will also jobs in research and development sales of $13.4 billion reflect an increase require the preparation of a new gener- nationwide (33). Much of the research of 17% over the previous year. ation of scientists who will be able to that generated these university-held Soon, over 80 biotech drugs will be on extend the gains we have made and patents was performed by scientists the market. More than 300 other prod- maintain our world leadership. We cur- working with federal research funds. ucts are in Phase II or Phase III clinical rently have the world’s greatest system Government scientists also make sig- trials, and 2,200 more are in various of advanced education, but it faces seri- nificant contributions to technology stages of development (23). ous challenges, and we must make cer- transfer. In FY 1998, research per- Applications of biotechnology have tain that we are able to maintain its formed by scientists on the NIH campus expanded dramatically. In 1997, total excellence, expand access, and adapt it resulted in 124 patent awards, 215 exe- US sales of agricultural biotechnology to meet the needs of a changing world. cuted licenses, and $36.7 million dol- products reached $875 million, an lars in royalty payments (34). Each of increase of 54% since 1994 (24). By Widespread Application of these technology transfer indicators 2002, sales are projected to be 2,885 New Knowledge reflects an increase over FY 1997 lev- billion for transgenic seeds, animal Investment in basic science has fueled els. From 1996 through 1998, NIH growth hormones, biopesticides, and the development of new industries and earned more than $102 million on roy- other agricultural biotech products. increased the productivity of existing alties from its 607 active invention According to some observers, the appli- ones. Edwin Mansfield estimated that licenses (35). cations of biotechnology to agriculture the total (i.e., social) rate of return on (continued on page 394)
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 393 Research Benefits
(continued from page 393) is clearly in support of increased feder- mvsr45_6.pdf. Unmet Challenges al funding, with 9 Americans in 10 3. Dustan, H. P., E. J. Roccella, and H. H. Garrison. Controlling hypertension: A Recent progress in medical research has believing we should invest more in medical research (42). Polls conducted research success story. Archives of Internal been phenomenal, but millions of Medicine 156: 1926-1935. 1996. by Research!America demonstrate that Americans are still suffering from http://www.ama-assn.org/sci-pubs/jour- Alzheimer’s disease, arthritis, cancer, support for increased funding is found nals/archive/inte/vol_156/no_17/60622.htm chronic obstruction and pulmonary dis- across the nation. Surveys conducted in 4. Wingo, P., L. Ries, H. Rosenberg, D. eases, diabetes, heart disease, mental states as different as Mississippi, New Miller, and B. Edward. Cancer incidence disorders, and stroke. We cannot meas- York, Tennessee, Wisconsin, and North and mortality, 1973-1995: A report card for ure the pain or hardship these illnesses Carolina all indicate strong support for the US. 1998. Cancer 82: 1197-1207. impose on the victims and their fami- increased federal investment in medical 5. Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers Association Drug companies lies. The financial burden on our socie- research. In each of these states, at least 60% of those polled favored doubling to invest $20 billion on R&D as they contin- ty, however, is substantial. Each year, ue to work on 1,000 new medicines. Facts the level of government-sponsored the total economic cost (health care cost and Figures. Washington, DC: PhRMA, plus indirect costs such as lost wages) medical research over the next five March 1998. http://www.phrma.org/facts/ for each one of these diseases exceeds years (43). phfacts/3_98a.html. the budget for the NIH. In 1998, for Skeptics, questioning whether we can 6. Holmer, A. F. Holmer. (1999) New Drug example, the total economic cost of afford to use tax dollars to support bio- Approvals in 1998. Washington, DC: heart disease was estimated to be medical research, say there are too PhRMA. http://www.phrma.org $175.3 billion, more than 10 times the many scientists, that high-tech innova- 7. National Institutes of Health. Cost Savings Resulting from NIH Research size of the 1998 NIH budget (36). tions increase the cost of medical care, or that the government should leave it to Support, second edition. NIH Publication We must also prepare for new chal- no. 93-3109. 1993, revised 1996. Bethesda, private industry. However, as we have lenges and future threats to human MD: NIH. health. The President’s National shown here, the investment must and 8. Silverstein, S. C., H. H. Garrison, and S. Science and Technology Council should be made by the government J. Heinig. A few basic economic facts about reports that more than 30 new patho- because the benefits are broadly shared research in the medical and related life sci- genic microbes have been identified and long term. The savings in health ences. The FASEB Journal 9: 833-840, since 1973 and lists 21 other re-emerg- care, especially from reduced disability 1995. ing infectious diseases (37). and improved productivity, are far 9. Wisconsin Association for Biomedical Research and Education. Bioscience We have seen a significant increase in greater than the investment. With our DNA genetic blueprints in Research, Development & Industry: Impact federal funding for NIH, but our invest- on Health & Economic Growth in hand, we are on the shores of a new ment in health research is modest com- Wisconsin. Milwaukee, WI. 1996. pared to the health and economic bene- intellectual continent that will trans- http://www.wabre.org/ fits it generates. Relative to our total form our lives, our health, our medi- 10. Manton, K. G., L. Corder, and E. national expenditure for health care, we cines and our treatments. Recent dis- Stallard. Chronic disability trends in elderly spend only a small fraction on health coveries have yielded significant break- United States populations: 1982-1994. research. In 1996, the total US expendi- throughs in the prevention and treat- Proceedings of the National Academy of ture on health care was $1,035 billion ment of disease, pointing the way to Sciences 94: 2593-2598. 1997. http://www. pnas.org/cgi/content/full/94/6/2593. dollars (38) or 13.7% of the Gross other improvements that may soon be within reach (44). We need a new gen- 11. Manton, K. G., L. Corder, and E. Domestic Product (39). Of that total, Stallard. Monitoring changes in the health of eration of biomedical scientists and a only $30.6 billion (3.0%, or three cents the US elderly population: Correlates with out of every health care dollar) was continued commitment to research to biomedical research and clinical innova- spent on research (40). realize these benefits, and we cannot tions. The FASEB Journal 11: 923-930, That same year, 14.8% of the federal afford to miss the opportunity. 1997. outlays for defense went for research References 12. Lichtenberg, F. R. Do (more and better) and development (41). 1. Hoyert, D. L., K. D. Kochanek, and S. L. drugs keep people out of hospitals? Murphy. Deaths: Final data for 1997. American Economic Review 86: 384-388, National Statistics Reports 47 (June 30). 1999. 1996. Strong Support for Research http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/releases/ 13. Pardes, H., K. G. Manton, E. S. Lander, 99facts/99sheets.htm. H. D. Tolley, A. D. Ulian, and H. Palmer. Investment 2. National Center for Health Statistics. Effects of medical research on health care Our nation’s leaders recognize the Report of Final Mortality Statistics, 1995. and the economy. Science 283: 36-37, importance of research for the US and Monthly Vital Statistics Report 45 (June January 1, 1999. http://www.sciencemag.org/ its value to our citizens. The electorate 12).1997. http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/data/ cgi/content/full/283/5398/36.
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14. Kornberg, A. Support for basic biomed- Young’s 13th Biotechnology Industry Characteristics of Inventions Licensed by ical research: How scientific breakthroughs Annual Report. Palo Alto, CA: Ernst & Six Federal Agencies. RCED-99-173. occur. The Future of Biomedical Research, Young, 1998. http://www.ey.com/publi- Washington, DC: US GAO, 1999. Claude E. Barfield and Bruce L. R. Smith, cate/life/default.asp. http://www.gao.gov/. eds. Washington, DC: American Enterprise 24. Chemical and Engineering News. Ag 36. National Institutes of Health. Disease- Institute and The Brookings Institution, p biotech sales continue strong. Chemical and Specific Estimates of Direct and Indirect 38, 1997. Engineering News, April 19, 1999: pp. 28. Costs of Illness and NIH Support: 1998 15. US House of Representatives http://pubs.acs.org/. Update. Bethesda, MD: NIH; and National Committee on Science. Unlocking Our 25. Dill, K. A. Strengthening biomedical Cancer Institute. 1998 The Prevalence of Future: Toward a New National Science roots. Nature 400 (July): 309-310, 1999. Cancer. Bethesda, MD: NCI. http://www.nci. Policy. Washington, DC: US Government http://www.nature.com/. nih.gov/admin/fmb. Printing Office, September, 1998. 26. Brinkley, W. R. American Physical 37. National Science and Technology http://www.house.gov/science/science_poli- Society News 7 (December): 4, 1998. Council, Committee on International cy_report.htm. http://www.aps.org/. Science, Engineering, and Technology, 16. Council on Competitiveness. Going 27. Powledge, T. The Polymerase Chain Working Group on Emerging and Re- Global: The New Shape of American Reaction. Bethesda, MD: FASEB, 1996. emerging Infectious Diseases. Infectious Innovation. Washington, DC: Council on http://www.faseb.org/opar/bloodsupply/pcr. Disease—A Global Health Threat. Competitiveness, 1998. http://www.com- html. Washington, DC: Executive Office of the pete.org/bookstore/book_index.html. 28. Mansfield, E. Academic research and President, 1995 . 17. Iain Cockburn, Rebecca Henderson, industrial innovation. Research Policy 20: 1- 38. US Bureau of the Census. Statistical Luigi Orsenigo, and Gary P. Pisano. 12, 1991. Abstract of the United States: 1998 (118th Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology. Pp. 29. Boskin, M. J. and L. J. Lau. Capital, edition.) Washington, DC: US Government 363-398 in David C. Mowery (ed.), US technology, and economic growth. Printing Office, 1998. http://www.census.gov/ Industry in 2000: Studies in Competitive Technology and the Wealth of Nations. prod/3/98pubs/98statab/cc98stab.htm. Performance. Washington, DC: National Nathan Rosenberg, Ralph Landau, and 39. National Science Board. Science and Academy Press, 1999. http://books.nap.edu/ David C. Mowery, ed. Stanford, CA: Engineering Indicators. Washington, DC: books/0309061792/html/363.html#363 Stanford University Press, 1992. US Government Printing Office. Appendix 18. Toole, A. A. The impact of federally 30. National Science Board, Task Force on Table 4-1, 1998. http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/ funded basic research on industrial innova- Industry Reliance on Publicly Funding seind98/start.htm. tion: Evidence from the pharmaceutical Science. Industry Trends in Research 40. This is based on the $17.0 billion for industry. Madison, WI: Lauritis R. Support and Links to Public Research. NSB medical research reported in the Statistical Christensen Associates, 1997. 98-99. Arlington, VA: National Science Abstract of the United States (op. cit.) plus 19. Toole, A. A. Public research, public reg- Foundation, 1998. http://www.nsf.gov/cgi- the $13.6 billion in company-financed ulation, and expected profitability: The bin/getpub?nsb9899 domestic US R&D reported by the pharma- determinants of pharmaceutical research 31. Narin, F. K. S. Hamilton, and D. ceutical industry in its 1999 Industry Profile and development investment. Madison, WI: Olivastro. The increasing linkage between (op. cit.) Lauritis R. Christensen Associates, 1997. US technology and public science. Research 41. Office of Management and Budget. 20. Cockburn, I. and R. Henderson. Public- Policy 26: 317-330, 1997. Historical Tables, Budget of the United private interaction and the productivity of 32. Pressman, L., S. K. Guterman, I. States Government, Fiscal Year 2000. pharmaceutical research. National Bureau of Abrams, D. E. Geist, and L. L. Nelson. Pre- Washington, DC: US Government Printing Economic Research. 1997. http://papers. production investment and jobs induced by Office. Tables 8-7 and 9-8, 1999. http://www. nber.org/papers/w6018. MIT exclusive patent licenses: A prelimi- access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2000/pdf/hist.pdf. 21. Pharmaceutical Research and nary model to measure the economic impact 42. Research!America and Louis Harris and Manufacturers Association. PhRMA Annual of university licensing. Journal of the Associates. Public Attitudes About Medical Survey, 1999. Washington, DC: PhRMA. Association of University Technology Research, 1995. Alexandria, VA: http://www.phrma.org/publications/indus- Managers VII: 49-82, 1995. Research!America. http://www.research try/profile99/index.html 33. Kramer, P. B., S. L. Scheibe, D. Y. america.org. 22. Zucker, Z. G. and M. R. Darby. The Reavis, and L. P. Berneman. Induced invest- 43. See postings on Research!America home economists’ case for biomedical research: ments and jobs produced by exclusive patent page at http://www.researchamerica.org. Academic scientist-entrepreneurs and com- licences: a confirmatory study. Journal of 44. National Institutes of Health. Today’s mercial success in biotechnology. The the Association of University Technology Advances: The Result of Yesterday’s Future of Biomedical Research (Claude E. Managers IX: 79-100, 1997. Investments. FY 2000 Congressional Barfield and Bruce L. R. Smith, eds.). 34. National Institutes of Health. Justification, 1999. http://www4.od.nih.gov/ Washington, DC: American Enterprise Technology Transfer Activities. Bethesda, ofm/cj/todaysadvances.stm. Institute and The Brookings Institution, MD: NIH, 1998. http://www.nih.gov:80/od/ 1997. ott/nih93-98.htm. 23. Morrison, S. W. and G. T. Giovanetti. 35. US General Accounting Office. Biotech 99: Bridging the Gap: Ernst & Technology Transfer: Number and
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 395 Publications
Introducing Asrar B. Malik
Asrar B. Malik, Professor and Head of endothelial barrier. Malik is studying this process can be activated by sig- the Department of Pharmacology at the the signalling events occurring at the nalling events triggered at the cell sur- University of Illinois College of level of receptors and transduction path- face by receptors. Another aspect of Medicine in Chicago, will assume the ways that regulate the barrier function work in his laboratory deals with mech- editorship of the AJP: Lung Cellular of the endothelial cell monolayer. He anisms of endothelial injury as induced and Molecular Physiology, beginning and members of his group are investi- by neutrophil adhesion to endothelial January 1, 2000. Malik was raised and gating mechanisms of endothelial trans- cell membrane and activation of adher- trained in Canada. He attended the port in microvessels using in vitro and ent neutrophils and of neutrophils as University of Toronto where he in vivo approaches. The underlying they migrate across the endothelial bar- received his doctorate in 1971. He sub- premise of this work has been and rier. This work is describing signalling sequently carried out postdoctoral stud- mechanisms regulating expression of ies at Washington University School of adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 Medicine in St. Louis. He joined the and how these signals activate transcrip- Department of Physiology and Cell tion and thereby induce ICAM-1 Biology at the Albany Medical College expression on the endothelial cell sur- of Union University in 1974 and was face. This work addresses the expres- promoted to Professor in 1980. He sion of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 assumed his current position at the at the level of gene transcription. The University of Illinois in 1995. objective in these studies is to under- Malik has served the American stand the basis of ICAM-1 expression Physiological Society in various capac- and then to develop strategies for con- ities. He has been a member of editorial trolling the inappropriate endothelial boards of AJP: Heart and Circulatory adhesivity and leukocyte trafficking Physiology, AJP: Lung Cellular and across the vascular endothelium. Molecular Physiology, and Journal of Malik has several important objec- Applied Physiology. In addition, he has tives for the journal in conjunction with served on editorial boards of other jour- the team of associate editors, (Michael nals such as Circulation Research. He Asrar B. Malik Matthay, Ivan McMurtry, Bruce Pitt, has been a member of various study Paul Schumacher, and Richard Ye). sections and review groups at NIH, remains that both transcellular and He intends to increase the visibility of Veterans Administration, and American paracellular mechanisms of transport the journal in publishing work in areas Heart Association, including the are important in maintaining the of lung biology and pathobiology. He Cardiovascular and Pulmonary (CVA) microvascular barrier and that these are views lung research advancing in the and Lung Biology and Pathobiology regulated by specific signalling events. next decade to unravel critical questions (LBLB) study sections, and NHLBI These studies are pursuing the cellular such as regulation of extracellular Program Project Review Committee A. effector pathways responsible for matrix production, nature of the alveo- Malik has also served as a consultant to increasing endothelial permeability and lar epithelial barrier in regulation of public and private national and interna- how activation of signalling pathways transport of ions and liquid, how tional agencies and is a member of the mobilizes these effectors (e.g., endothelial and epithelial cells orches- Executive Committee of the University actin-myosin motor, cadherin-catenin trate the lung’s inflammatory response, of Illinois College of Medicine complex, and intermediate cytoskeletal subtle signalling cues that mediate con- (Chicago). Malik was the recipient of filaments). This work has helped to tractility of bronchial and pulmonary the NIH Research Career Development unravel the complexity of the regulation vascular smooth muscle cells, redox Award (1977-1982) and NIH MERIT of endothelial barrier function and role regulation of intercellular signalling, Award (1987-1997). Malik directs an that signals play in the mechanisms of and nature of oxygen sensing mecha- NIH training program in lung research. paracellular and transcellular perme- nisms in the lung and how they control Malik’s research area deals with two ability. His recent work has demonstrat- cellular function in the lung. Malik will interrelated areas. A major interest of ed the importance of transcytosis in refocus the journal as a major voice in his laboratory is the study of the regula- microvascular endothelial cells in the lung biology by publishing the best tion of the pulmonary microvascular regulation of lung fluid balance and that original research in the field as well as
396 The Physiologist Publications regular review and perspectives articles. manuscripts dealing with analysis of Masaro and Gene Rannels, to ensure Integrative lung biology utilizing genet- function of genes and their protein rigorous, fair, and expeditious reviews ic approaches for the study of lung products and how they reveal aspects of of submitted review articles. This will function will also be emphasized. With lung cellular function. be facilitated greatly by implementation the era of genomics upon us, the journal Malik will continue the high stan- of online submissions and review of intends to encourage submission of dards set by his predecessors, Donald manuscripts. ❖
APS Welcomes New Publications Manager
On June 7, 1999, Margaret Reich joined over Harold Varmus’s E-Biomed pro- term, Margaret answered, “One of the the APS staff after the retirement of posal. “This is actually a very exciting things that APS has been working on for longtime Publications Manager, Brenda time to be in scientific publishing, as a while is getting impact factors report- Rauner. Margaret was living in Dallas, outside forces push us in directions and ed for the separate AJP journals. I’m TX, and working for the American at a speed that many publishers are not happy to say that—due to work done by College of Emergency Physicians as the Marty Frank, Walter Boron, Dale Director of their journal, Annals of Benos, and my predecessors—ISI has Emergency Medicine, and had been the agreed to implement separate impact Production Manager of the American factors in 2000. We’re implementing Heart Association’s Scientific some changes in the referencing of the Publications Department before that. journals for the January issues in order In the months since her arrival, to allow this. The other challenges I’ll Margaret has made a few changes in the be turning my attention to in the near APS’s Publications Department. “I future, under the direction of the wanted to be involved in all aspects of Publications Committee and especially our journals’ publication, and I wanted from the Strategic Planning that is being to take advantage of the wealth of expe- done this fall, is what the best model for rience and skills of the staff, many of paying for the journal content will be: whom have worked on the journals for some combination of page charges, sub- 10 years or more.” Publications is now mission charges, and subscription pric- divided into Peer Review, Editorial, and ing, and how to price and when to Editorial Art departments, managed by release the content online. I’ll also be Margaret Reich Alice O’Donnell, Anna Trudgett, and working closely with our new Editorial Eric Pesanelli, respectively. In addition, comfortable with. I feel fortunate to be Manager, Anna Trudgett, and our ven- each journal is lead by a Journal at APS, where many of the things that dors to continue to shorten time to pub- Supervisor, giving supervisory respon- scientists want, such as online publica- lication. sibility to the former Journal Copy tion and peer review, have already been “I’m very much looking forward to Editors. accomplished or started. I also feel for- attending conferences and meeting APS The restructuring of the department tunate to be at a society with a place at members to learn what they like and was not the only challenge facing the podium in the debate.” don’t like about our journals, and how Margaret when she arrived. She joined When asked what particular chal- we can improve the peer review and APS at the height of the controversy lenges APS Publications face short- publication process for them.” ❖ Moving?Moving? If you have moved or changed your phone, fax, or email address, please notify the APS Membership Office at 301-530-7171 or fax to 301-571-8313.
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 397 APS News
Thank You, Jim!
After nearly 33 years, James C. became the Society’s Business Liakos has decided to retire Manager, the Society’s annual from APS and instead devote budget had grown to approxi- himself to the beaches of mately $6,500,000. Thanks to Florida and to his family. Jim Jim’s astute management, the joined the APS staff in 1966. In APS is financially sound with an 1985, when Martin Frank annual budget of approximately became Executive Director, $14 million and reserves of Jim was serving the Society as approximately $30 million. the Acting Business Manager Following the Society’s since his boss had taken a leave Finance Committee meeting on of absence. By January 1986, Friday, October 15, the Commit- Jim had demonstrated his com- tee members, the Executive petency in financial matters Cabinet, and APS staff had a and he was promoted to retirement reception for Jim and Business Manager, a position his wife, Bobbi. In appreciation that he has successfully filled of Jim’s service, Walter Boron, since that time. Gerald DiBona, Ed Blaine, and When Jim joined the Society Martin Frank presented him with in 1966, the APS President was a number of retirement gifts and John Brookhart and the APS President Walter Boron congratulates Jim and presents expressed the hope that his retire- Executive Secretary-Treasurer him with a watch. ment would be filled with health, was Ray Daggs. During Jim’s tenure at In 1966, the overall Society budget family, and a kaleidoscope of opportu- APS, he worked with and knew all of was approximately $600,000 and the nities, which would bring fulfillment the individuals who have served the APS had approximately $800,000 in a and happiness. Jim’s financial acumen Society as Executive Secretary/Executive reserve account. The Spring Meeting has left APS with a legacy that can be Director. They include Milton O. Lee, was held as part of the FASEB Meeting used to benefit the membership and the Ray G. Daggs, Orr E. Reynolds, and in Atlantic City, NJ, and the APS had discipline. Jim, all of us in the APS fam- Martin Frank. 2,920 members. By the time Jim ily wish you all the best. ❖
APS Executive Director Martin Frank APS Finance Committee Chair Ed APS President-Elect Gerald DiBona presents outgoing APS Business Manager Blaine reads a letter from a book presents Jim with a laptop computer as a Jim Liakos with a kalaidoscope to com- of congratulatory wishes Jim token of appreciation for his service to memorate Jim’s retirement. received. the Society.
398 The Physiologist APS News
2000 Officers and Standing Committees
APS Council gates new means of funding for the APS Steven C. George (2001) awards program, and selects Research Penny Hansen (2001) Officers Career Enhancement Awardees and M. Harold Laughlin (2000) Walter F. Boron, President APS Postdoctoral Fellowship Awardee. Thomas E. Lohmeier (2001) Gerald F. DiBona, President-Elect Four additional members are yet to be Marshall H. Montrose (2001) L. Gabriel Navar, Past President appointed. Johnny R. Porter (2002) Mrinalini C. Rao (2000) Councillors Thomas V. Peterson, Chair (2001) Louis D. Van de Kar (2002) Dale J. Benos (2000) William L. Joyner (2000) Hannah V. Carey (2002) Bruce G. Lindsey (2002) Ray G. Daggs Award William W. Chin (2001) Sadis Matalon (2001) Richard J. Traystman (2000) J. Michael Overton (2002) Annually selects a member of the Phyllis M. Wise (2001) Patricia Preisig (2001) Society to receive this award in recogni- Jo Rae Wright (2002) D. Eugene Rannels (2002) tion of distinguished service to APS and to the science of physiology. ex officio members Janice H. Urban (2002) Barbara E. Goodman, Education (2000) Pamela J. Gunter-Smith, ex officio (2001) Susan M. Barman, ex officio (2001) Beverly P. Bishop, Chair (2000) Mordecai P. Blaustein, Finance (2002) John R. Claybaugh (2002) Judith A. Neubauer, Program (2001) James E. Faber (2001) Dale J. Benos, Publications (2001) Career Opportunities in Physiology Celia D. Sladek, Section Advisory (2002) Education Provides Council with information Society Standing regarding availability and needs for Provides leadership and guidance in Committees appropriately trained physiological per- the area of physiology education of sonnel and recommends measures to undergraduate, graduate, and profes- Animal Care and Experimentation assure appropriate balance in the supply sional students; recommends objectives and demand for physiologists. for the graduate programs in physiolo- Maintains and updates the APS gy; and organizes workshops on the “Guiding Principles in the Care and Use Edward J. Zambraski, Chair (2000) application of new techniques in physi- of Animals,” provides consultation ological problems. regarding animal experimental proce- Francis L. Belloni (2001) David P. Brooks (2000) dures and care, and keeps abreast of leg- Barbara E. Goodman, Chair (2000) islation and new developments in ani- Thomas C. Herzig (2001) John H. Johnson (2002) George T. Blevins (2000) mal models for student teaching and J. Thomas Cunningham (2002) alternatives for animal usage. Raul Martinez-Zaguilan (2000) Darryl R. Peterson (2002) Jeffery R. Demarest (2002) Cheryl M. Heesch (2001) C. Terrance Hawk, Chair (2000) Committee on Committees Andrew J. Lechner (2000) Susan E. Jacobs-Kaufman (2000) Michael F. Romero (2002) Kevin C. Kregel (2002) Serves as an advisory committee to Steven S. Segal (2000) Steven W. Mifflin (2001) Council to make recommendations for Richard C. Vari (2001) Linda A. Toth (2001) nominees to the standing committees John G. Wood (2002) Elizabeth M. Wagner (2002) and reviews charges of the various com- Michael D. Johnson, ex officio (2002) Matthew Walker, student member (2002) mittees regarding overlapping responsi- Penny Hansen, ex officio (2001) Terry J. Opgenorth, ex officio (2001) bilities. Edward J. Zambraski, ex officio (2000) Joseph R. Haywood, ex officio (2000) Phyllis M. Wise, Chair (2001) Finance Awards Hannah V. Carey (2002) Reviews the proposed annual budget Oversees the award programs of the James B. Bassingthwaighte (2000) and fiscal plan for all Society activities Society to ensure uniformity and con- Eldon J. Braun (2000) and recommends a final budget and formity with the goals of APS, investi- Pamela K. Carmines (2002) implementation plan to Council.
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 399 APS News
Supervises the investment of the Michael Caplan (2001) Opportunities in Physiology Committee Society’s financial resources subject to Catherine S. Chew (2000) to encourage high school and college approval of Council. Craig H. Gelband (2002) students to choose a career in physiology. Laurie J. Goodyear (2002) Mordecai P. Blaustein, Chair (2002) Steven R. Gullans (2000) Terry J. Opgenorth, Chair (2001) Steven L. Britton (2001) Joseph M. Metzger (2000) Committee is being restructured and William H. Dantzler (2001) Scott K. Powers (2001) will be composed of representatives of David R. Harder (2000) Curt D. Sigmund (2000) each section. L. Gabriel Navar, (2000) Cardiovascular Walter F. Boron, ex officio (2000) H. Glenn Bohlen (2000) and Long-Range Planning Gerald F. DiBona, ex officio (2000) R. John Solaro (2001) Dale J. Benos, ex officio (2001) Cell and Molecular Physiology Advises and reports annually to Simon A. Lewis (2000) Council and interacts with the Section Honorary Membership Central Nervous System Advisory Committee; prepares system- J. Michael Wyss (2002) atic, periodic analyses and realistic Recommends to Council distin- Comparative Physiology assessments of past and present Societal guished scientists who have contributed James W. Hicks (2000) performance and accomplishments; to the advancement of physiology as Endocrinology and Metabolism conducts review of the Society’s rela- candidates for honorary membership. Charles H. Lang (2001) tionships with other organizations; and Environmental and Exercise Physiology devises specific goals and objectives Franklyn G. Knox, Chair (2000) Ronald L. Terjung (2000) pertinent to the future scientific mission Leonard S. Jefferson (2001) Gastrointestinal of APS and American physiology. Bodil M. Schmidt-Nielsen (2002) Matthew B. Grisham (2003) Reviews the progress of the Strategic Neural Control and Autonomic Plan annually, conducts studies as International Physiology Regulation assigned by Council, and prepares pro- Facilitates interchange between APS, Frank J. Gordon (2000) posals. other physiological societies, and their Renal individual members; handles all matters Jeff L. Garvin (2000) and Allen W. Cowley, Jr., Chair (2002) pertaining to international physiological Christine Baylis (2002) William H. Beierwaltes (2001) affairs, with an emphasis on developing Respiration Gregory D. Fink (2001) countries; and maintains a clearing- Sadis Matalon (2001) Peter A. Friedman (2002) house for linkages with developing Teaching of Physiology Barbara A. Horwitz (2000) countries. Ann P. McNeal (2000) Gary J. Schwartz (2001) Water and Electrolyte Homeostasis John A. Williams (2002) Hector Rasgado-Flores, Chair (2001) Joey P. Granger (2002) Richard J. Traystman, Councillor (2000) Albert F. Bennett (2002) Epithelial Transport Group Bernice Grafstein (2000) Thomas Kleyman (2002) Membership Carmen Hinojosa-Laborde (2001) History of Physiology Group Virginia Huxley (2002) G. Edgar Folk, Jr. (2000) Considers all matters pertaining to John B. West (2002) Hypoxia Group membership, reviews and evaluates Aviad Haramati, ex officio (2000) Nanduri R. Prabhakar (2000) applications received from candidates Shu Chien, ex officio (2000) Myobio Group for membership, and recommends to Thomas M. Nosek (indefinite) Council the nominees for election to Joint Program Members in Industry Group regular and corresponding membership. Terry J. Opgenorth (2001) Develops the scientific programs for Education Committee Martha E. O’Donnell, Chair (2001) the Society and assists Council in shap- Barbara E. Goodman (2000) David H. Ellison (2002) ing policy for scientific programs and in Meredith Hay (2000) the organization of fall conferences. Liaison With Industry W. Larry Kenney (2002) Raouf A. Khalil (2001) Judith A. Neubauer, Chair (2001) Fosters interactions and improved Charles H. Lang (2002) At-Large Members: relations between the Society and Catherine F. T. Uyehara (2002) Michael C. Andresen (2000) industry and cooperates with the Career
400 The Physiologist APS News
Perkins Memorial Fellowship Publications Senior Physiologists Selects recipients for visiting scientist Manages all Society publications, Maintains liaison with senior and family support awards and supervises including the appointment of editors emeritus members and assists in the administration of the Perkins Fund. and editorial boards, and supervises the selection of recipients of the G. Edgar Book Advisory Committees (hand- Folk, Jr. Award. Aviad Haramati, Chair (2000) books, technical series, and history) to Klaus W. Beyenbach (2001) ensure timely publication. Eugene M. Renkin, Chair (2001) Matthew J. Kluger (2000) Michael Bárány (2000) Arthur D. Loewy (2000) Dale J. Benos, Chair (2001) Arthur E. Baue (2001) Molly P. Hauck, ex officio (indefinite) David H. Alpers (2001) N. Herbert Spector (2002) R. Davis Manning, Jr. (2000) Heinz Valtin (2001) Porter Physiology Development Richard A. Murphy (2002) Karlman Wasserman (2002) James A. Schafer (2001) Kenneth L. Zierler (2000) Selects recipients for visiting scien- Walter F. Boron, ex officio tists and professorships and teaching Women in Physiology and training fellowships, aimed at improving physiological departments of Section Advisory Deals with all issues pertaining to medical schools with predominately education, employment, and profes- Recommends to Council ways to sional opportunities for women in phys- minority enrollments. Counsels under- strengthen the Sections’ roles in pro- developed physiology departments, iology. Develops programs to provide grams, public affairs, and governance of incentives enabling graduate students to assists in the selection of NIDDK the Society; serves as a Nominating minority fellowship awards, and super- present their research work at APS Committee to nominate Society offi- meetings, coordinates activities with vises the administration of the Porter cers; and nominates members as candi- Fund. other committees on women in the dates for service on Society commit- FASEB organization, administers the tees. Pamela J. Gunter-Smith, CoChair (2001) Caroline tum Suden Professional H. Maurice Goodman, CoChair (2001) Opportunities Awards, and provides Celia D. Sladek, Chair (2002) mentoring opportunities for members. Parimal Chowdhury (2001) Cardiovascular J. Andrew Daubenspeck (2000) Kathleen H. Berecek (2001) Jeffrey L. Garvin (2000) Susan M. Barman, Chair (2001) Cell and Molecular Physiology Siribhinya Benyajati (2002) Evangeline D. Motley (2001) Robert B. Gunn (2001) Jane F. Reckelhoff (2002) Ann C. Bonham (2000) Central Nervous System Lisa M. Harrison-Bernard (2001) Frank Talamantes (2002) Susan M. Barman (2002) Marian R. Walters (2000) Carole M. Liedtke (2001) Comparative Physiology Suzanne M. Schneider (2002) David H. Evans (2000) Public Affairs Donna H. Wang (2002) Endocrinology and Metabolism Kim Huey, student member (2002) Advises Council on all matters per- David H. Wasserman (2001) taining to public affairs that affect phys- Environmental and Exercise Physiology Society Representatives to iologists and implements public affairs Charles M. Tipton (2000) Other Organizations Gastrointestinal Physiology activities in response to Council guid- Association for Assessment and ance. Helen Raybould(2000) Neural Control and Autonomic Regulation Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care, International Joseph R. Haywood, Chair (2000) Eileen M. Hasser (2000) C. Terrance Hawk (2000) Virginia Brooks (2002) Renal Physiology American Association for the Philip S. Clifford (2000) Jeff M. Sands (2002) Advancement of Science David J. Dzielak (2000) Respiration Frank L. Powell (2001) Andrea R. Gwosdow (2001) Michael A. Matthay (2002) Hershel Raff (2001) Timothy I. Musch (2001) Teaching of Physiology Council of Academic Societies of the Willis K. Samson (2002) Dee U. Silverthorn (2002) Association of American Medical C. Terrance Hawk, ex officio (2000) Water and Electrolyte Homeostasis Colleges Terry J. Opgenorth, ex officio (2001) Ronald H. Freeman (2000) Vernon S. Bishop (2001) William H. Dantzler (2000)
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 401 APS News
Federation of American Societies for FASEB Research & Education FASEB Wellcome Visiting Experimental Biology Board Committee Professorship L. Gabriel Navar (2001) Mary Anne Frey (2000) M. Ian Phillips (2001) Gerald F. DiBona (2003) FASEB Public Affairs Executive National Association for Biomedical Executive Officers Advisory Committee Research Committee L. Gabriel Navar (2001) Martin Frank (indefinite) Martin Frank (indefinite) FASEB Public Affairs Advisory US National Committee for IUPS Experimental Biology Board Committee Walter F. Boron (2001) Leonard S. Jefferson (2000) Joseph R. Haywood (2000) L. Gabriel Navar (2000) Gerald F. DiBona (2002) FASEB Finance Committee FASEB Publications & Robert Gore (2001) Communications Committee US National Committee on Pamela Gunter-Smith (2000) Biomechanics FASEB Excellence in Science Andrew McCulloch (2002) Award Committee FASEB Research Conference Susan Barman (2001) Advisory Committee Mark Chapleau (2002)
Membership
Total Membership 8,552 Distribution by Type of Work Distribution by Primary Section Affiliation Total respondents 7,440 Total respondents 7,398 Distribution by Employment % % (7,416 respondents) Research 77.9 Cardiovascular 24.8 No. % Teaching 11.0 Respiration 11.7 Physiology departments 2,455 33.1% Clinical 6.7 Cell & Molecular 11.5 Clinical 1,593 21.5% Administration 4.5 Endocrinology and Metabolism 9.7 College or University 1,277 17.2% Environmental and Exercise 8.0 Other preclinical departments 596 8.0% Distribution by Gender (optional personal data) Central Nervous System 7.8 Government 345 4.7% Total respondents 7,524 Renal 7.4 Hospitals and Clinics 306 4.1% Female 1,360 Gastrointestinal 5.6 Institutes and Foundations 202 2.7% Male 6,164 Comparative 4.1 Commercial Companies 187 2.5% Neural Control and Autonomic Regu. 4.1 Veterinary Schools 150 2.0% Distribution by Age (optional personal data) Teaching of Physiology 2.8 Public Health & Graduate Schools 131 1.8% Total respondents 8,234 Water and Electrolyte Homeostasis 2.4 Other 61 0.8% 70+ 1,226 Administration 43 0.6% 60-69 1,123 Distribution by Group Affiliation Dental School 37 0.5% 50-59 1,995 Total respondents 4,384 Private Practice 33 0.4% 40-49 2,027 % 30-39 1,218 MyoBio/Muscle Group 30.3 Distribution by Earned Degree 20-29 645 Epithelial Transport Group 27.1 (7,834 respondents —includes 1,113 indi- History of Physiology Group 16.3 viduals with multiple doctorate degrees) Distribution by Racial Background and Hypoxia Group 18.0 PhD 4,777 Heritage (optional personal data) Members in Industry Group 8.4 MD 2,656 Total respondents 5,783 DVM 192 American Indian or Alaskan 16 Distribution by Primary Specialty ScD 112 Asian or Pacific Islander 600 Total respondents 7,351 DDS 33 Black 71 % EDD 23 White 4,983 Anesthesia 0.5 Cand. Med. 41 Hispanic 113 Anatomy and embryology 0.3
402 The Physiologist Membership
Biochemistry 0.8 Chile 4 Louisiana 122 Biophysics 0.7 Jamaica 3 Washington 120 Biomedical engineering 0.5 British West Indies 3 Alabama 116 Blood 1.4 Peru 2 Iowa 108 Cardiovascular 23.8 Colombia 2 Arizona 107 Cellular and tissue 3.6 Honduras 1 APS Membership Outside the Americas Comparative physiology 2.5 Dominican Republic 1 (countries with five or more members) Electrolytes and water balance 5.1 St. Vincent The Grenadines 1 Japan 180 Endocrines 6.4 Trinidad 1 Energy metabolism and temperature 2.5 Germany 103 Venezuela 1 Environment 2.2 France 74 Costa Rica 1 Enzymes .1 United Kingdom 60 Gastrointestinal 4.9 US States With More Than 100 Members Australia 53 General physiology 0.9 (50 states plus District of Columbia, Puerto Italy 43 Gerontology 0.3 South Korea 42 Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) Immunology 0.5 Denmark 39 California 779 Liver and bile 0.5 Netherlands 39 New York 542 Lipids and steroids 0.6 Switzerland 32 Texas 455 Microbiology .1 England 29 Minerals, bone, and teeth 0.6 Pennsylvania 396 Spain 26 Muscle and exercise 8.0 Massachusetts 332 Sweden 26 Neurosciences 12.2 Maryland 332 Belgium 25 Nutrition and food 1.2 Illinois 309 Taiwan 24 Pathology .1 Ohio 278 Israel 22 Pharmacology 1.6 Florida 268 Norway 16 Radiology 0.2 Michigan 237 New Zealand 15 Renal 6.1 North Carolina 180 Austria 9 Reproduction 1.3 Missouri 180 Greece 9 Respiration 10.4 Wisconsin 169 Hong Kong 9 Other 0.6 New Jersey 157 India 9 Georgia 157 Scotland 8 APS Membership in the Americas Virginia 152 Turkey 7 US 7,096 Minnesota 135 Poland 7 Canada 379 Tennessee 133 South Africa 7 Brazil 50 Colorado 131 Ireland 7 Mexico 15 Connecticut 130 Hungary 7 Argentina 10 Indiana 128 People’s Republic of China 5
Experimental Biology 2000 Deadlines February 18, 2000 February 21, 2000 March 6, 2000
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Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 403 Membership
New Regular Members * Transferred from Student Membership Steven H. Abman Robert J. Butera Conrad Parker Earnest University of Colorado Georgia Institute of Technology IMAGINutrition Ayotunde Samuel Oke Adeagbo Jose A. Lopez Calbet Fatma M. El-Demerdash University of Louisville Univ. of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Alexandria University Banji Joseph Adegunloye Kevin James Canning* Yasser Mohamed El-Wazir University of Leeds University of Alabama-Birmingham Suez Canal University Nasim Ahmed James A. Carson Ellen Marie Evans* North Shore University Hospital University of South Carolina Washington University Eyup Sabri Akarsu Vincent Michael Cassone Karen A. Fagan University of Ankara Texas A&M University University of Colorado Ali Abdulla Al-Qarawi Edward David Chan Daniel Perry Ferris* King Saud University National Jewish Medical Ctr., Denver University of California-Los Angeles Inci Alican Jiang Chang Daniel Patrick Fitzsimons Marmara University University of Texas Medical Center University of Wisconsin Mark Edward Anderson Varanuj Chatsudthipong Mario Fournier Vanderbilt University Mahidol University Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Theodore J. Angelopoulos Naibedya Chattopadhyay Kleber G. Franchini University of Central Florida Brigham and Women’s Hospital University of Sao Paulo Veena Berry Antony Christos Chateiantoniou Keith Neville Frayn Indiana University School of INSERM University of Oxford Medicine Denis Chemla Robert Russell Freedman Maja Bago-Valic INSERM Wayne State University Medical College of Wisconsin Angel Rafael Cinelli Jefferson Clark Frisbee* David Patrick Basile SUNY-Brooklyn Medical College of Wisconsin Medical College of Wisconsin Candido Celso Coimbra Stanley C. Froehner Anthony John Bauer Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais University of North Carolina University of Pittsburgh Adria E. Colletti* Christopher Henry Fry Peter L. Becker Merck Research Laboratories University College London Emory University John A. Connor Judy M. Hickman-Davis Ari Berkowitz University of New Mexico University of Alabama-Birmingham University of Oklahoma Peter N. Cox Hiroshi Fujii Liliana Graciela Bianciotti The Hospital for Sick Children Minemi Wakayama National Hospital University of Ottawa Heart Institute Scott Nicol Currie Angel Luis Garcia-Villalon Gary St.John Bird University of California-Riverside Universidad Autonoma de Madrid NIH/NIEHS David James Dean Bronislava Gedulin Mihaly Boros Boston University AmyLin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Szent-Gyorgyi Albert Medical Univ. Xiaoying Deng Michael Gekle Luc P. Brion University of Pittsburgh Universitat Wurzburg Albert Einstein College of Medicine George Tilo De Sanctis Martha U. Gillette Margaret Casarett Bruce Brigham and Women’s Hospital University of Illinois University of Kentucky Nicolaas E.P. Deutz Thomas John Goodwin Allson M.J. Buchan Maastricht University Tulane University University of British Columbia Anne Courtney DeVries Greg Goss Rochelle Buffenstein Johns Hopkins University University of Alberta City University of New York Paul Dietl B. Sue Graves Penny Wung Burgoon* University of Innsbruck Florida Atlantic University University of Illinois Socrates Dokos Georges Habib Halaby Michael Alan Burson* University of Auckland St Joseph University United States Air Force Jeffrey M. Duerr* Phil Arthur Hamdorf George Fox University Royal Adelaide Hospital
404 The Physiologist Membership
Bing Han* Melissa B. King Gregory Francis Martel Baylor College of Medicine University of Minnesota University of Maryland Eastern Shore Yi Han Michael Kjaer Paul James McDermott Baylor College of Medicine Bispebjerg Hospital Medical University of South Carolina Borje Haraldsson Maureen T. Knabb Scott Medler Goteborg University West Chester University Louisiana State University Richard Harding Joshua Ka-Shun Ko James S. Miller Monash University University of Hong Kong Goshen College Adrian P. Harrison Michael Koban Seema Mital Royal Veterinary of Agriculture Univ. Morgan State University Columbia University Kevan Leighton Hartshorn Keith Edward Korsmeyer Sheba M.J. Mohankumar* Boston University Hawaii Pacific University Kansas State University Charmaine Beverley Serene Henry Herbert Johannes Kramer Bryan Douglas Moyer* University of Virginia Medical Policlinic The Scripps Research Institute Shawn Hochman Anna Krystyna Kurdowska Joseph Thomas Murphy Emory Univ. School of Medicine University of Texas Health Center University of Texas Southwestern Henry Masakazu Honda M. Jane Lalli* Sanjay Kumar Nigam University of California-Los Angeles University of Cincinnati Brigham and Women’s Hospital Peter John Hunter Amir Landesberg Richard Odessey University of Auckland Technion-IIT Quintiles, CNS Therapeutics Victor Ivanovich Ilyin Elanor Deland Lederer Robert Martin O’Doherty* CoCensyc, Inc. University of Louisville University of Pittsburgh David Dunbar Ivy Stephan E. Lehnart Marie F. O’Rourke University of Colorado University of Goettingen College of St. Mary Willis H. Jacob Terry Alan Lennie Stephen T. O’Rourke Southern University Ohio State University North Dakota State University Lucie Jeannotte Christopher Sean Leonard Babu Joseph Padanilam University of Laval New York Medical College Washington University Bo Skaanina Jensen Kathy Jean LePard Soumitro Pal NeuroSearch A/S Midwestern University Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Center Roger Anthony Johns Kai-Hun Li Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari Johns Hopkins Hospital University of Colorado University of Minnesota Robert Alan Johnson* Liang Li Christopher Joseph Pemberton Tulane University Indiana University University of Otago Jon H. Kaas David Lichtstein Steve Petersen Vanderbilt University The Hebrew University-Hadassah Washington University Hiroshi Kadotani Mingyao Liu Janos Peti-Peterdi Stanford University University of Toronto University of Alabama-Birmingham Motoni Kadowaki Xiang Luo Xiujun Pi Niigata University University of Texas Southwestern Kansas University Medical Center David Alan Kaminsky Christopher J. Lynch John Pooler University of Vermont Penn State University Emory University Kazuo Katoh Margaret Ann Maher* Richard Fraser Potter Tohoku University University of Wisconsin University of Western Ontario Adrian H. Keadrick Anita Mandal Robert William Powers Bristol Royal Infirmary University of Hawaii Magee-Womens Research Institute Robert L. Keith Prabir Kumar Mandal Harold Gerhard Preiksaitis Denver VA Medical Center University of Hawaii University of Western Ontario Chi Dae Kim Raul Alberto Marinelli Charles Theodore Putman* Pusan National University Universidad Nacional de Rosario University of Regina Joo-Sung Kim Wanda Sue Marley* Susan Pyner Seoul National University Colorado State University University of Birmingham
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 405 Membership
Vladimir Vjacheslavovich Raevsky Weiqun Shen* Nakano Tomio Inst Higher Nerv. Activity & Neurophys. Eli Lilly and Company Hyogo College of Medicine Carroll L. Ramos Robert Shenkar Todd A. Trappe Southwestern Oklahoma State Univ. University of Colorado University of Arkansas Scott Howard Randell Larissa Akimi Shimoda Nathan Andrew Trueblood University of North Carolina Johns Hopkins University Boston University Diana Carla Rein Minoru Shinohara Kemal Sitki Turker University of Cincinnati University of Tokyo Adelaide University Adelina Martha Reis Ralph Mitchell Siegel Nancy Delane Turner Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais Rutgers University Texas A&M University Thomas Cahill Resta* Jon Olafur Skarphedinsson Robert Claude Tyler University of New Mexico University of Iceland University of Colorado Health Sci Ctr Michael A. Reutter* Cris Allan Slentz Gertjan Van Dijk University of Minnesota Duke University Medical Center University of Groingen Chrisotpher Alan Richard Jakob Balslev Sorensen Jennifer Eileen Van Eyk University of California-Los Angeles University of Copenhagen Queen’s University Jesus Rico-Sanz John Roger Speakman Jamie Ian Vandenberg Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona University of Aberdeen University of Cambridge Attilio Rigotti Robert Charles Speth J. Mark VanNess Catholic University Washington State University University of the Pacific Robert Brooks Robey John M. Spitsbergen Heikki Vapaatalo University of Illinois-Chicago Western Michigan University University of Helsinki Donald W. Rodd* B. Glenn Stanley Theodoros Vassilakopoulos University of Evansville University of California-Riverside University of Athens Medical School Rita Marie Ryan Robert Oden Stuart Marcelo Sergio Vatta University of Rochester Brigham and Women’s Hospital University of Ottawa Peter Saggau Koh Sugawara Sylvia Arlette Verbanck Baylor College of Medicine Profectinal Shinjo Hospital Free University Brussels Kent Sahlin Shuangdan Sun Enrique Verdu Karolinska Institute New York Medical College University Autonoma Max Erik Salomonsson Chin K. Sung Anitha Vijayan University of Copenhagen University of Southern California Washington University Mrinmoy Sanyal Peter W. Swaan Carlos P. Vio Psoriasis Research Institute Ohio State University Universidad Catolita de Chile Lisa Michelle Satlin John Gregory Swallow* Wanpen Vongpatanasin Mt Sinai Medical Center University of Maryland Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med Ctr Takayuki Sato Miyako Takaki Piper Lynn Wall National Cardiovascular Center Nara Medical University Iowa Methodist Medical Center Nina C. Saxena Shawn M. Talbott Ping Ming Wang Emory University Pharmanex Columbia University Lawrence Allen Scheving M.A. Hassan Talukder Brad Wayne Warner Vanderbilt University East Carolina University Children’s Hospital Medical Center Jane M. Schluter Kazuyoshi Taya Debra L. Waters Benedictine University Tokyo University University of New Mexico Jay J. Schnitzer William J. Tharion Fadi Xu Massachusetts General Hospital U.S.A.R.I.E.M. University of Kentucky Solomon Silas Senok Roger Christopher Thomas Adel Youakim University of the West Indies University of Cambridge Immunex Corporation Jyoti N. Sengupta Peter Thoren Gang Yue GI Pharmacology Karolinska Institute Emory University Gerry P.J. Shaw Martha Tissot van Patot E. Paul Zehr* University of Florida University of Colorado University of Alberta
406 The Physiologist Membership
Michael B. Zemel Donghai Zheng Juleen Rae Ziereth University of Tennessee East Carolina University Karolinska Institute Michael E. Zenilman Wei Zheng Gregor Zupancic Albert Einstein College of Medicine University of Iowa University of Ljubljana
Accepted Student Applicants
Jason David Allen Lourens Johannes Erasmus Sumei Liu Louisiana State University University of the North Sovenga Ohio State University Newell St. George Baxter Iratxe Eskurza Pete Lucia Florida Atlantic University University of Colorado Florida Atlantic University Hans S. Bez Linda A. Fisher Christopher John Madden Florida Atlantic University Florida Atlantic University University of Pittsburgh Keith Lawrence Bidsi Douglas Warren Frank Edward Antonio Medina Florida Atlantic University Florida Atlantic University University of California-Davis Brian James Bolen Teresa Elena Garcia Stephania Tenisha Miller Florida Atlantic University Florida Atlantic University University of Arkansas Marni Della Boppart Leon Max Gervitz Deanna G. Moehle Joslin Diabetes Center Texas Tech University Florida Atlantic University Becky Darlene Brick Danielle Elyse Gillman Jennifer Ann Muller Florida Atlantic University Florida Atlantic University Florida Atlantic University Robert Arthur Brown Rine Muriel Gonzalez Jaime Anne Mullin Memorial University of Newfoundland Florida Atlantic University Florida Atlantic University Robert Raymond Buss Tim Griesser Chadwick H. Mullings McGill University Florida Atlantic University Florida Atlantic University Dean J. Calsbeek Morton Grunnet Erica Cristina Nagy Colorado State University Institute of Medical Physiology Florida Atlantic University Deborah Cleveland Joshua Michael Gulley Madhvsudan Natarajan Florida Atlantic University Indiana University Northwestern University Philip Anthony Cole, II Milind V. Gurjar Gary O’Donnell Louisiana State University University of Iowa Florida Atlantic University Conan Benedict Cooper Kendal Paul Honea Larry William Padgett University of Calgary University of Mississippi Florida Atlantic University Chris R. Croushore Lauren Ann Hosbrouck Sandhya Pahuja Florida Atlantic University Florida Atlantic University Kenpue University Arianne R. DeGannes Jennifer Antoninette Ioli Kara Elaina Puhl Florida Atlantic University Florida Atlantic University Florida Atlantic University Gregg DiBerardine Johanna Julean Isaacs Marcel Rasa Florida Atlantic University Florida Atlantic University Florida Atlantic University Marie Rivas Doni Ronald Joseph Johnson Anita M. Rivera-Brown Florida Atlantic University Michigan State University University of Puerto Rico Ferdinand Ralph Dookie David S. Kump Kelly Lynn Rodas Florida Atlantic University University of Missouri Florida Atlantic University Ines Drenjancevic-Peric Carrie A. Lavelle Ana-Maria Nicole Romera University of Osijek Florida Atlantic University Florida Atlantic University Scott Earley Monica Loretta Lawrence Shankar C. Sanka University of New Mexico Florida Atlantic University Texas Tech. University Hlth. Sci. Ctr. Dawn Elston Timao Li Donna M. Simmons Florida Atlantic University University of Manitoba University of Southern California
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 407 Membership
Michael Raymond Sloan Gerard A. Treiling Fenfen Wu Florida Atlantic University Florida Atlantic University University of Pittsburgh Kendra Leigh Spangler Traci Truman Zhaojun Wu Florida Atlantic University Florida Atlantic University East Carolina University Scott Alan Spier Michelle Zavitz Tucker Alice Jane Yee Texas A&M University University of Southern California University of Southern California Christina Michele Stewart Vita Vinokurova Qingli Zhang Florida Atlantic University Florida Atlantic University University of South Florida Sean David Stocker Ralph Stewart Welsh Yanmei Zhao University of Pittsburgh University of South Carolina Ohio State University Shannon Leigh Streit Dexter Ray Williams Florida Atlantic University Florida Atlantic University Elaine Jean Tanhehco Jennifer A. Wolf University of Michigan Florida Atlantic University
Accepted Affiliate Applicants Janet Moure John Louis Pasalis Sandra Ruth Severson Essex Community College Oracle Corporation Mayo Foundation Charles G. Davis Doctor of Chiropractic
Deadlliines!! Deadlliines!! The APS sponsored awards are plentiful, but in order to be considered, don’t forget to submit the application information before the deadline! Award Next Deadlineline William T. Porter Fellowship Awards January 15 APS Postdoctoral Fellowship in Physiological Genomics January 15 AAAS Mass Media Science and Engineering Fellowship January 15 Research Career Enhancement Awards February 15 Teaching Career Enhancement Awards April 15 John F. Perkins, Jr., Memorial Fellowships May 15 William T. Porter Fellowship Award June 15 NIDDK Minority Travel Fellowships for APS Conference July 16 Research Career Enhancement Awards August 15 Teaching Career Enhancement Awards October 15 Shih-Chun Wang Young Investigator Award November 1 Arthur C. Guyton Awards in Integrative Physiology November 1 Giles F. Filley Memorial Awards for Excellence in Respiratory Physiology and Medicine November 1 Lazaro J. Mandel Young Investigator Award November 1 Procter & Gamble Professional Opportunity Awards November 8 Caroline tum Suden/Francis A. Hellebrandt Professional Opportunity Awards November 8 John F. Perkins, Jr., Memorial Fellowships November 15
408 The Physiologist FASEB AD
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 409 Experimental Biology 2000 April 15-18, 2000 • San Diego, CA
PHYSIOLOGY IN PERSPECTIVE: HENRY PICKERING BOWDITCH THE WALTER B. CANNON AWARD LECTURE AWARD LECTURE (SUPPORTED BY THE GRASS FOUNDATION) Curt D. Sigmund M. Judah Folkman University of Iowa Children’s Hospital, Boston
Genetics &Physiology in Mice: A Perfect Marriage
SATURDAY,APRIL 15, 5:30 PM SUNDAY,APRIL 16, 5:30 PM
Distinguished Lectureships
CARL W. GOTTSCHALK AUGUST KROGH DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF THE RENAL SECTION OF THE COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY SECTION
Heini Murer University of Zurich, George N. Somero Switzerland Stanford University
Cellular Mechanisms in Renal Co-evolution of Proteins and Phosphate Handling: Their Aqueous Milieu: Old Questions and Messages From the Medium Some New Answers
SATURDAY,APRIL 15, 3:00 PM SUNDAY,APRIL 16, 8:00 AM
CLAUDE BERNARD JOSEPH ERLANGER DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP THE TEACHING OF PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SECTION SECTION Catherine Rivier Salk Institute Clyde F. Herreid State University of New York, Role of Gaseous Buffalo Neurotransmitters in Regulating Hypothalamic-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Teaching in the Year 2061
SUNDAY,APRIL 16, 2:00 PM SUNDAY,APRIL 16, 2:00 PM
ERNEST H. STARLING SOLOMON A. BERSON DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF THE WATER AND OF THE ENDOCRINOLOGY AND ELECTROLYTE HOMEOSTASIS METABOLISM SECTION SECTION
Jeffrey S. Flier Gerald F. DiBona Beth Israel Deaconess Medical University of Iowa Center
The Neural Control of the Leptin: Physiology and Role in Kidney in Health and Disease Disease
SUNDAY,APRIL 16, 3:00 PM SUNDAY,APRIL 16, 3:00 PM
410 The Physiologist Experimental Biology 2000 April 15-18, 2000 • San Diego, CA
HUGH DAVSON EDWARD F. ADOLPH DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF THE CELL AND MOLECULAR OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY SECTION AND EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY SECTION Ferid Murad University of Texas, Houston Carl V. Gisolfi University of Iowa Cellular Signaling with Nitric Oxide and Cyclic GMP What’s Your ‘Gut’ Reaction to Exercise?
MONDAY,APRIL 17, 9:00 AM MONDAY,APRIL 17, 10:15 AM
JULIUS H. COMROE,JR. CARL LUDWIG DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF OF THE RESPIRATION SECTION THE NEURAL CONTROL AND AUTONOMIC REGULATION SECTION John A. Clements University of California, San Francisco Francois M. Abboud University of Iowa College of Medicine Lung Surfactant: A Fantastic Voyage From Theory to Practice Functional Genomics of Baroreceptors
MONDAY,APRIL 17, 2:00 PM MONDAY,APRIL 17, 3:00 PM
ROBERT M. BERNE HORACE W. DAVENPORT DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL SECTION SECTION
David R. Harder Ernest M. Wright Medical College of Wisconsin University of California Los Angeles Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Molecular Insights Into Functional Hyperemia in the Intestinal Salt, Sugar, and Brain Water Absorption
TUESDAY,APRIL 18, 8:00 AM TUESDAY,APRIL 18, 2:00 PM
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 411 Experimental Biology 2000 April 15-18, 2000 • San Diego, CA
Section-Sponsored Featured Topics
Recent Advances in Comparative Solute Transport Neurohumoral Mechanisms of Hypertension and Molecular Biology of Aquatic Organisms Carmen Hinojosa-Laborde and Cristof Klett Gregory A. Ahearn and Michele G. Wheatly Plasticity of the Neuromuscular Synapse Muscle Fatigue Bernard J. Jasmin William Ameredes MAP Kinase Pathways and the Cell Stress Response Role of Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotransmission in Gary Johnson and David Sheikh-Hamad Control of Cardiorespiratory Function Molecular and Cellular Regulation by Nitric Oxide Susan M. Barman and Steve Mifflin Paul Kubes and Matthew Grisham Phosphoinositide Signaling: Implications for Transport New Frontiers in Central Autonomic Regulation: Regulation Beyond the RVLM Kim Barrett and Bonnie Blazer-Yost Andrew J. Lawrence Impact of Gender and Pregnancy on Renal Function Cardiovascular Regulatory Effects of Dietary Sodium, Christine Baylis Calcium, and Potassium Control of Gene Expression: Exercise/Environment Stress Julian Lombard Frank W. Booth and Jacob Friedman Intracardiac Ganglia and Cardiac Function: Central and Diseases of Protein Trafficking and Expression Peripheral Control Dennis Brown and Janet Van Adelsburg V. John Massari The Threshold of Consciousness in the Zoological Kingdom Ventral Respiratory Group Neurons: Roles in Rhythm Versus Michael Cabanac Pattern Generation Proteomics and Functional Genomics in Gastrointestinal Donald R. McCrimmon and Edward J. Zuperku Tract Research Physiology and Pathophysiology of Aquaporins Robert Coffey Soren Nielson Mechanics of Cardiac Remodeling Salt and the Brain: Mechanisms by Which Dietary Salt Alters James W. Covell Autonomic Nervous System Regulation Emerging Concepts: Protein Kinase C Isozymes John W. Osborn and Virginia L. Brooks and the Regulation of Diverse Cell Response Oxygen Sensitive Ion Channels and Second Messengers Edward C. Dempsey and Paul A. Insel C. Peers Dietary Flavonoids and Cardiovascular Regulation Endocrine Cells as Sensory Transducers and Pathophysiology Helen Raybould and Patrick Tso John D. Folts Models of Heart Failure Respiratory Control: Plasticity, Redundancy or Both? John Ross, Jr. Hubert V. Forster and David Gozal Biomechanics and Bioenergetics of Airway Smooth Muscles Cell Physiology of VEGF Gary Sieck and Jeffrey Fredberg Michael Goligorsky Point/Counterpoint: Does Deconditioning Affect Blood Medical Physiology Instructional Resources Pressure Regulation? Barbara Goodman Lawrence Sinoway and James A. Pawelczyk Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Homeostasis Co-Evolution of Proteins and Their Aqueous Milieu: Joey P. Granger and F.G. Knox Messages from the Medium Role of Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular-Renal Disease George N. Somero Kathy Griendling and Christine Schnackenburg Role of Angiotensin in Central Neural Control of the Circulation Fatty Acid Metabolites and Signal Transduction Alan F. Sved in the Microvasculature: Genetic, Molecular, Interstitial Cells of Cajal and Functional Mechanisms Sean Ward and Kent Sanders David R. Harder Imidazoline Receptors and Cardiovascular Control: Alpha-Adrenergic Vasoconstriction in the Coronary Vasculature Brainstem Mechanics and Therapeutic Potential Gerd Heusch J. Michael Wyss
412 The Physiologist Experimental Biology 2000 April 15-18, 2000 • San Diego, CA
Saturday, April 15, Morning Session Aquaporins and Other Members of the MIP Family Physiology InFocus Refresher Course: Integrating Molecular Biology into the P. Agre Physiology Curriculum J.C. Schadt and A.J. Lechner Therapeutic Manipulation of Angiogenesis American Federation for Medical Research Saturday, April 15, Afternoon Session D. Arenberg
Redox Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Life and Death Cells and Genes and Their Applications for Therapies D.K. Das, B. Frei for the Brain I Central Nervous System Section Adhesion and Motility of Metastic Cells B.L. Davidson and H. Federoff C. Dong and K. Anderson Cells and Genes and Their Applications for Therapies The History of Organ Transplantation: Physiological Aspects for the Brain II G.E. Folk, Jr. and H. Brown Central Nervous System Section B.L. Davidson and H. Federoff President-Elect Symposium: Biochemical Signaling in the Control of Microcirculatory Function MAP Kinases: New Implications for Renal Cell Function Microcirculatory Society Renal Section W.N. Duran D. Kültz and D.W. Good
Ion Regulation in Cell Organelles Role of TGF-a in Renal and Cardiovascular Fibrosis: Cell & Molecular Physiology Section Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects T. Machen Water & Electrolyte Homeostasis Section N.J. Laping Cancer Genetics American Federation for Medical Research P. Wiernik Sunday, April 16, Afternoon Session
Sunday, April 16, Morning Session Capillaries: How their Structure and Function Can Alter to Meet Tissue Demands Muscle Research in the 20th Century A. Baldwin and V. Huxley M. Bárány Lung Redox Homeostasis: Emerging Concepts Oxygen Sensing and Signaling: Role of Reactive Oxygen M.P. Merker and C.A. Dawson Intermediates H.F. Bunn Differential Control of Sympathetic Outflow: A Window into Central Mechanisms Mediating Patterned Tissue Engineering of Vascular Grafts for the Third Millenium Autonomic Responses J.A. Frangos and N. L’Heureux S. Morrison and G. Gebber
Afferent Regulation of the Stress Response: New Views Teaching Physiology Laboratories in the 21st Century and New Approaches D.U. Silverthorn D. Morilak Physiology of Water Transport eNOS Dysfunction in Vascular Disease I E.M. Wright K.A. Pritchard, Jr. and D.G. Harrison Bone Marrow Transplantation in Non-Malignant Diseases Fever: The Role of the Vagus American Federation for Medical Research A.A. Romanovsky G.C. Tsokos and S. Berney
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 413 Experimental Biology 2000 April 15-18, 2000 • San Diego, CA
Monday, April 17, Morning Session Point/Counterpoint: Does Deconditioning Affect Blood Pressure Regulation? Emerging Concepts: Protein Kinase C Isozymes and the Environmental & Exercise Physiology Section Regulation of Diverse Cell Response Point: L. Sinoway E.C. Dempsey and P.A. Insel Counterpoint: J.A. Pawelczyk
Low Saturated Fat, High Carbohydrate Diets: Effects on Tuesday, April 18, Morning Session Triglyceride and LDL Synthesis, the LDL Receptor and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Molecular and Functional Diversity of Epithelial R.H. Knopp Chloride Channels C. Fuller and D. Benos Interaction of Body Fluid Balance and Thermal Strain G.W. Mack The Metabolic Status of Theropod Dinosaurs: New Insights from Comparative Physiology Intrapituitary Interactions: Another Level of Endocrine J.W. Hicks Regulation J. Schwartz and G.V. Childs Epithelial-Microbial Interactions: Lessons in Communication M.F. Kagnoff Mechanisms Regulating Endothelial Cell Barrier Function T. Stevens and A. Malik Microvascular Remodeling: Physical Stimuli and Molecular Regulation Integrin Mechanics T.C. Skalak K-L.P. Sung and G.A. Truskey Bioinformatics: Analysis From Sequence to Disease Chemokines: From Bench to Bedside P.J. Tonellato and D. Brown American Federation for Medical Research S. Gupta Cellular Transport Systems in the Regulation of FFA Metabolism Monday, April 17, Afternoon Session L.P. Turcotte Apoptosis in Lung Pathophysiology Neurobiology of the GnRH Neuron B.D. Uhal D.W. Brann and J.L. Roberts Regulation of Transporters and Channels by Binding Proteins Hypoxia-Induced Muscle Damage from Reactive Oxygen Cell & Molecular Physiology Section Intermediates: From Pathways to Function D. Rotin M.A.P. Brotto and T.M. Nosek Physiological Function Explored in Microgravity Comparative Physiology and Environmental & Exercise Involvement of the Cytoskeleton in Regulation of Vascular Physiology Sections Smooth Muscle Contractile Function C.E. Wade G.A. Meininger Tuesday, April 18, Afternoon Session Extracellular ATP and cAMP as Paracrine and Interorgan Regulators Complement Activation and Inhibition in the Renal Section Cardiovascular System L. Bankir and E. Inscho G.I. Stahl and S.A. Rollins The Mammalian Distal Tubule: Physiology and Disease Host Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases Renal and Cell & Molecular Physiology Sections American Federation for Medical Research D.H. Ellison and J. B. Wade M. Goldsmith
414 The Physiologist Conferences
The Biology of Potassium Channels: From Molecules to Disease September 22-25, Snowmass Village, Colorado
The shimmering yellow aspens and and a total of 147 Table 1. Distribution by Department of snow-capped Rocky Mountains served poster presenta- Submitted Abstracts as the backdrop for the Society’s 1999 tions. The social Abstracts conference on “The Biology of program included Department No. % Potassium Channels: From Molecules the Wednesday to Disease” organized by Gerhard evening Opening Physiology or Physiol./Biophysics 31 31 Giebisch and Steven Hebert. The con- Reception and Pharmacology 26 18 ference featured an in-depth exchange Saturday evening Neurology or Neuroscience 20 14 of ideas about new and evolving infor- banquet and Biology, Biological Sci. or Biomed. Sci. 13 9 mation on the gating/regulatory and awards presenta- Cell & Molecular Phys. or Biology 12 8 structural/genetic elements of potassi- tion. Biochemistry 5 3 um channels and the involvement of The awards potassium channels in several inherited presentation recognized recipients of and associated with cardiac ATP-sensi- diseases. the Graduate Student Award for out- tive K+ channels”; and Uwe Schulte, There was an internationally recog- standing poster presentation. The “pH-gating of ROMK (Kir 1.1) chan- nized and interdisciplinary group of awardees presented with a cash prize nels: control by an ARG-LYS-ARG- investigators present and interaction and certificate were First Place: Louis triad disrupted in antenatal Bartter syn- was enhanced by the presence of young Nicholas Manganas, “Posttransla- drome.” scientists, students and established tional regulation of voltage-gated K+ Osei Kwame Asamoah, University investigators in the field of potassium channel surface expression by differen- of California, Los Angeles; Krista N. channels. The conference attracted 300 tial assembly of a and ß subunits”; Blackwell, Howard University; and registrants, 32% of which represented Second Place: Simon Bernèche, Antonio J. Carrasco, Mayo Clinic & young scientists, including 48 students “Molecular dynamics of the KSCA Foundation were recipients of the and 47 postdoctoral registrants. Twenty- channel in a lipid membrane: ion corre- NIDDK Fellowship Awards provided to nine (10%) were APS members— lations and flexibility of the selectifity encourage participation of under repre- including one Emeritus member—and filter”; Third Place: Thomas Flagg, “A sented minority students. Supported by 123 (41%) were not members of APS. mutation linked with Bartter’s syn- the National Institutes of Diabetes and Invited speakers and session chairs rep- drome locks Kir 1.1a (ROMK1) chan- Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the fel- resented 42 (14%) of the registrants. nels in a closed state”; Honorable lowship provides reimbursement of all The outstanding program consisted of Mentions: Antonio J. Carrasco, expenses associated with travel to and 7 symposia, 5 state-of-the-art addresses, “Adenylate kinase-like activity intrinsic (continued on page 416)
Conference organizers Gerhard Giebisch and Steven Hebert Conference attendees discuss a poster display. congratulate the award winners.
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 415 Conferences
(continued from page 415) Table 2. Registration Statistics The Americas. A total of 300 registrants participation in the conference. The attended the conference. Table 2 pro- recipient is matched with an APS mem- No. % vides the breakdown of registration by ber attending the conference who will type. Of the registrants, 24% were offer guidance and make introductions APS Member 28 9 female, 43% were from outside The to other scientists. Non-member 123 41 Americas, and 14% were from industry. A total of 147 abstracts were submit- Postdoctoral 47 16 The Society and Organizing ted to the conference for poster presen- Student 48 16 Committee gratefully acknowledge tation. Table 1 provides a distribution of Retired 1 .3 financial support provided through gen- abstracts based on submitting depart- Invited Speaker 42 14 erous educational grants from Bristol- ment. Female first authors submitted Guest 11 4 Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research 21% of the abstracts; 72% were submit- Total 300 100 and National Institutes of Diabetes and ted by authors at institutions outside Digestive and Kidney Diseases. ❖
APS Sustaining Associate Members The Society gratefully acknowledges the contributions received from Sustaining Members in support of the Society’s goals and objectives. Abbott Laboratories The Grass Foundation Pharmacia and Upjohn, Inc. ADInstruments Harvard Apparatus Procter & Gamble Company American Medical Association Janssen Research Foundation Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Astra Arcus USA, Inc. Eli Lilly and Company W. B. Saunders Company Axon Instruments, Inc. The Mack Printing Group Schering-Plough Research Institute Berlex Biosciences Merck and Company, Inc. G. D. Searle and Company Gould, Inc. Nycomed, Inc. SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals The Gatorade Company Pfizer, Inc.
Did you receive your APS Membership Card? For 1999-2000 dues-paying If you have not yet received yours, contact the APS Membership Services Department at members, APS is sending out a 301-530-7118, or fax to 301-571-8313, and Membership Card provide them with your name, address, phone with your member number. number, fax number, and email address.
THE AMERICAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY Keep your card! ➮ 9650 Rockville Pike. Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3997 (USA) Beginning in January, 2000, you’ll need your John S. Doe, Ph.D. member number to: Member Type: Regular receive free color in the APS Journals Account # 6789 Online# 123456 (The Online # is also the Membership ID number) purchase the APS Online Collection for $49.50 Cell & Molecular Physiology Section access the News in Physiological Sciences Member Since: 1970 Paid through: 6/30/00
416 The Physiologist Conferences
Baroreceptor and Cardiopulmonary Receptor Reflexes 2000 APS CONFERENCE August 23-27, 2000 City Plaza Hotel in Iowa City, Iowa
PURPOSE: This meeting will focus on baroreceptor and cardiopulmonary reflexes. A wide range of scientific questions will be covered ranging from studies of cellular and molecular mechanisms of mechanoelectrical transduction to studies of baroreflex control in humans. Multidisciplinary approaches will be emphasized ranging from molecular studies to systems physiology. Major investigators active in this area of research will participate in this conference with emphasis on young investigators and students. A substantial international attendance is anticipated.
ORGANIZERS: STEERING COMMITTEE: Mark Chapleau (Chair) Michael Andresen, Vernon Bishop, Jeanne Seagard, Francois Abboud, Gerald DiBona, Robert Felder, Irving Zucker A. Kim Johnson, Allyn Mark, Virend Somers, William Talman
SESSIONS AND SPEAKERS: Mechanolelectrical Transduction Interactions Between Neural Reflexes and Humoral Factors Monica Driscoll, Heather Drummond, Owen Hamill Virginia Brooks, Cheryl Heesch Sensory Mechanisms Effects of Microgravity on Baroreflex Mark Chapleau, Ellis Cooper, Meredith Hay, Dwain Eckberg, Eileen Hasser Holly Middlekauff, Helio Salgado, Daniel Weinreich Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS) I Spectral Analysis/Respiratory-Cardiovascular Interactions Michael Andresen, Steven Mifflin, Julian Paton, Robert Phyllis Gootman, Nicola Montano, Virend Somers Rogers, Jeanne Seagard Resetting of Baroreflex During Exercise Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS) II Vernon Bishop, Donald O’Leary, Jeffrey Potts Allison Hegarty, Lisete Michelini, William Talman Neural Reflexes in Pathological States Central Baroreflex Mechanisms Mark Dunlap, John Floras, Stephen Hull, Irving Zucker Sue Aicher, Patrice Guyenet, David Mendelowitz, Shaun Morrison, Alan Sved
DEADLINES Abstract Deadline- May 19, 2000 Advance Registration Deadline - June 30, 2000
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 417 Conferences
The Integrative Biology of Exercise 2000 APS CONFERENCE September 21-23, 2000 Portland, Maine
PURPOSE: This meeting will provide a forum for research presentation and discussion through which there will be a critical mass for poster presentations of primary research. The symposia and other invited sessions have been constructed so as to provide younger investigators an opportunity to present their research. Broad interdisciplinary areas of interest such as gender, aging and obesity will be included along with updates in the now “standard” areas of addressing the molecular basis of adaptation to exercise in the muscles and cardiovascular system. Student awards will be presented. Substantial time will be devoted to poster presentations.
ORGANIZER: STEERING COMMITTEE: Peter Wagner Kenneth Baldwin, Albert Bennett, George Brooks, Carl Gisolfi, M. Harold Laughlin, Ronald Meyer, Brenda Russell, David Wasserman
SESSIONS AND SPEAKERS: Gender-Dependent Responses to Exercise Exercise-Induced Cardioprotection: Cellular Aspects George Brooks, Stephen Davis, Anne Friedlander, Susan Douglas Bowles, Donna Korzick, Colin Bloor, Marvin Hopkins, M. Harold Laughlin, Anne Loucks, Robert Marcus Boluyt, Edward G. Lakatta The Role of Physical Activity in the Prevention of Exercise and Aging: Challenge, Resiliency and Function Obesity and Management of Body Weight Carl Gisolfi, Loretta DiPietro, Karl Insogna, Wendy Kohrt, Kevin Kregel, Maria Singh Claude Bouchard, Michael Goran, Andrew Prentice, Tuomo Rankinen, Dale Schoeller, David York How Does Skeletal Muscle Adapt to Exercise Impact of Transgenic Manipulations on Integrated Brenda Russell, Karyn Esser, Marc Hamilton, Charlotte Peterson, Steven Swoap Exercise Performance H. Lee Sweeney, Elizabeth Barton-Davis, Evangelia Kranias, Leslie Leinwand, Jeffery Robbins, Brian Roman
DEADLINES Abstract Deadline- June 1, 2000 Advance Registration Deadline - August 1, 2000
418 The Physiologist Conferences
SPS-APS Joint Meeting August 16-19,2000 Stockholm, Sweden
The Scandinavian Physiological Society (SPS) cordially invites the American Physiological Society (APS) to a joint meeting in conjunction with our regular annual meeting. The purpose of the proposed joint meeting is to promote scientific exchange between APS and SPS members. The tentative meeting venue will be Karolinska Institute and the Nobel Forum in Stockholm or Stockholm University at Frescati. PROGRAM: TRANSPORTATION & LODGING: Wednesday, August 16, 2000 There are excellent direct flight connections between Registration 4 pm-8 pm. Stockholm University, Frescati Stockholm/Arlanda, the US and major cities in Europe. The Welcome and plenary lecture 6.30pm-7.45 pm, Frescati airport bus terminal (Haga Terminal behind the KI/KS) is Reception at City Hall close to the meeting sites at the KI/Nobel Forum or (bus transportation from SU) 8.00-10.00 PM Stockholm University. Thursday, Friday and Saturday, August 17-19, 2000 Hotel prices range from 100-150 US dollar. There are also I. 8:30 - 9:30 AM (Plenary lecture) available alternatives for low budget living. II. 10:00 -12:00 AM (Morning symposia 3 parallel sessions) III.12:00 -1:00 PM (Lunch) Invited lecturers IV. 1.00 - 2:30 PM (Poster session) Gerhard Giebisch, New Haven, CT IV. 2:30 - 5:00 PM (Afternoon symposia 3 parallel sessions) John Forte, Berkeley, CA Per Andersen, Oslo, Norway A social program for accompanying guests will be available. Mike Mulvany, Aarhus, Denmark PRELIMINARY LIST OF SYMPOSIA OR FEATURE TOPICS Signalling from gut to integrate the digestive response Neurohumoral regulation of arterial pressure and body fluid Gastrointestinal mucosal barrier volume . Microvascular responses to acute and chronic inflammation Aquaporins . Molecular mechanisms in exercise physiology. Gene therapy Control of sodium balance Renin - angiotensin system NO and hypertension Paracrine mediators and signalling in the TGF New concepts in pulmonary ventilation and perfusion Presynaptic regulation of transmitter release-molecular distribution mechanisms of exo- and endocytosis. Physiological methods for the study of the genetically Sensory motor integration in the control of movement from altered mice ion channels to behaviour Capillary permeability and Mechanisms of glomerular Memory, learning and synaptic plasticity ultrafiltration Cell pH regulation Matrix and receptors
Satellite symposia in Reyjavik (pathophysiology of dia- Thoren and Neil Granger on “Experimental techniques in betes mellitus) are under planning. There will also be an Acta mouse physiology” starting on Saturday, August 19, with Physiologica Scandinavica Symposium organized by Peter overlap of the present meeting.
DEADLINES Abstract Deadline- April 1, 2000 with response from the committee within one month.
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 419 Conferences
The VIII Oxford Conference on Frontiers in Modeling and Control of Breathing: Integration at Molecular, Cellular, and Systems Levels October 11-15, 2000 N. Falmouth (Cape Cod), Massachusetts, USA
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE: Originated in 1978 by D.J.C. Cunningham and R. Hercynski in Oxford, the triannual international Oxford Conferences bring together modeling and experimental scientists to review and chronicle the current advances in respiratory control at a common forum. As a historic juncture to the next mille- nium, the year 2000 Conference will focus on the integration of experimental and modeling studies of respiratory control at the molecular, cellular, and systems levels. CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRS: INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM COMMITTEE: Chi-Sang Poon & Homayoun Kazemi M. Aoki (Japan), E.N. Bruce (USA), J. Champagnat (France), J. Duffin (Canada), A. Guz (UK), M.C.K. Khoo LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE: (USA), J. Lipski (New Zealand), E.E. Nattie (USA), N. Prabhakar (USA), J.E. Remmers (Canada), D.W. S.A. Shea, M. Siniaia, D. Systrom, D. Ward Richter (Germany), G. Song (China), S.A. Ward (UK), G. Benchetrit (France), Y. Honda (Japan), R.L. Hughson (Canada), C.-S. Poon (USA), P.A. Robbins (UK), J.W. Severinghaus (USA), S.A. Ward (UK), B.J. Whipp (UK)
HIGHLIGHTS: · All relevant topics in respiratory control are welcomed. · A student papers competition for pre- or postdoctoral · Scientific program will include contributed oral/poster trainees will be held. sessions and discussion workshops. · Attendance will be limited to 200 participants. Contributed · Selected papers will appear in a Conference proceedings abstracts and book chapters will be peer reviewed. book Frontiers in Modeling and Control of Breathing
For information on abstract submission and regis- Sciences & Technology, Massachusetts Institute of tration, check the Conference web page at Technology, Bldg. E25-501, Cambridge, MA http://hst-hu-mit.mit.edu/Oxford2000/ or contact 02139; Tel: 617-258-5405; Fax: 617-258-7906; C.-S. Poon, PhD, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Email: [email protected].
DEADLINES Abstract Deadline- March 31, 2000
Sponsored/endorsed by the American Physiological Society, Whitaker Foundation, American Thoracic Society, Harvard Apparatus, GlaxoWellcome.
420 The Physiologist Fellowships
1999 APS Postdoctoral Fellowship Recipients The APS Awards Committee made the decision to award two study of the functions of protein-RNA interactions and poly- APS Postdoctoral Fellowships in Physiological Genomics morphisms in the 3’ untranslated regions of mRNAs. for 1999. Joseph is currently a postdoctoral fellow with Mark C. A total of 26 applications were received for the fellowship. Fishman at the Cardiovascular Research Center, After reviewing all the applications, the Awards Committee Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. selected W. Grady Campbell and Elaine Margaret Joseph She plans to use the award to develop a genomic approach to as the 1999 APS Postdoctoral Fellows. As awardees, each the study of heart development in zebrafish. This approach will receive a yearly stipend allowance of $30,000 and a will involve the cloning and mapping of candidate heart-spe- mini-grant of $3,500 for laboratory expenses. The length of cific genes and characterization of wild-type and mutant the award is two years. embryonic hearts based on the spatio-temporal analysis of Campbell, currently a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory gene transcripts. of Frank W. Booth at the University of Texas Health The deadline for applications for the 2000 APS Sciences Center at Houston, plans to use the award to estab- Postdoctoral Fellowships in Physiological Genomics is lish a functional tool for genomics: an in vitro model for a January 15, 2000.
Marc Hamilton, Grady Campbell, and Frank Booth at the Mark Fishman and Elaine Joseph at the Cardiovascular University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston. Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School.
APS Undergraduate Summer Research Fellowship Program
The APS has initiated a new application from the “Undergraduate Summer APS website (http:// Fellowship Program” to www.faseb.org/aps/ afford undergraduate students educatn/Careers/Und the opportunity to be exposed SumFell.html) or by to physiological research writing or calling the early in their careers. The APS Education office intent of this program is to excite and encourage students to (Tel: 301-530-7132; Email: [email protected]). The pursue a career as a basic research scientist. Support is being deadline for the receipt of all application materials is provided to allow the students the opportunity to work in the January 24, 2000. (Applications received by the APS after lab of an established investigator over the summer months. January 24th will not be reviewed.) Award recipients will be These fellowships will provide: notified by March 1, 2000 for the funding of the Fellowships $2,000 summer stipend to the student (10 weeks of support) for the summer of 2000. Four Undergraduate Summer $500 grant to the faculty sponsor/advisor Fellowships will be funded for the summer of 2000. All up to $800 travel award/reimbursement to the student so applications will be reviewed, evaluated, and ranked by the that he/she may attend and present their data at the APS Careers Opportunities in Physiology Committee. Experimental Biology meeting. Decisions will be final. Application materials can be obtained by downloading the
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 421 Fellowships
The AAAS Mass Media Experience
Two APS student members spent last organization that catered specifically to people within the newsroom, but from summer as Mass Media Science and the scientific community. Contrary to those that were received via phone and Engineering Fellows in a program my initial belief, I now realize that mail from people in the community organized and administered by the using my knowledge to communicate who seemed to appreciate my coverage. American Association for the science to the public not only brings a I also appreciated the receptiveness of Advancement of Science (AAAS). The great sense of achievement, but also the health team and the newspaper to program places advanced students in allows me to use my creativity and love my attempts to bring more diversity to the sciences and engineering in the of science to enlighten the public about those stories that I covered. I began to newsrooms of major media outlets as issues that may affect them. associate minority “faces” with health apprentice science writers for ten weeks My AAAS fellowship placement was conditions, and was allowed to cover over the summer. The APS sponsored at the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel,a more stories that targeted under-served Kawanza Griffin, and the AAAS spon- newspaper that has a long-standing and communities. I realized that these com- sored Elizabeth Cowley. In the articles strong reputation for its accurate cover- munities have distinct voices, and that below, Griffin and Cowley recount their age of health and science issues. In fact, the media has a responsibility to listen experiences at the Milwaukee Journal I was surprised by the depth of scientif- to those voices. Sentinel (Griffin) and Popular Science ic knowledge acquired by the four Overall, I believe that the AAAS (Cowley). members of the Health and Science Mass Media Fellowship is a great tool APS will again sponsor a AAAS team through reporting. for scientists who are looking either for Mass Media Fellow in 2000. On my first day I was given several an alternative career or to strengthen Applications will be accepted through assignments to complete over the first their communication skills. My place- January 15, 2000 for next summer’s few weeks at the paper. Since the Health ment at the Journal Sentinel strength- Fellowship program. For further infor- and Science section only ran once a ened my experience because the news- mation, visit the Student Awards page week, my deadlines were not pressing. I paper was very receptive to what I, as a on the APS website at http://www. was very appreciative of the immediate scientist, could offer, and was not afraid faseb.org/aps/student.htm or contact independence I was given, but was to push me to produce. In addition, they Public Affairs Officer Alice Ra’anan at unsure of how to complete the assign- helped to build my confidence as a [email protected] ments on time. However, I quickly writer. This is very important, especial- learned that my scientific writing style ly when venturing into a new field. Kawanza L. Griffin (background then conclusion) would As far as my career, I have accepted a 1999 APS-AAAS Mass Media Fellow not suffice for a public that required an full-time position at the Journal Milwaukee Journal Sentinel immediate explanation of why they Sentinel as a medical writer for the The AAAS Mass Media Science and should read my story. I did not always upcoming year. This will give me more Engineering Fellowship provides the use my scientific knowledge to write experience and allow me continue to unique opportunity for a scientist to stories, but I did use the analytical skills pursue my interest in writing. The pri- gain invaluable experience as a science acquired during my scientific training to mary distinctions between the intern- or medical writer, while simultaneously question research and other stories that ship and full-time job are an increased improving their ability to effectively came across the Health and Science workload, an expanded “beat” list of communicate information to the gener- desk. medical subjects to cover, and a greater al public. My editor and the Journal-Sentinel’s expectation of scientific thoroughness. I Prior to my acceptance of the fellow- medical writers were both crucial in my am enjoying the challenge. I may possi- ship, I had contemplated pursuing med- transition. Both were very confident bly pursue medical writing for the phar- ical writing as a career, but had focused about my capabilities, and always very maceutical industry in the future, but primarily on work for either a medical honest and frank in their criticisms of for the time being, I am very pleased communications or pharmaceutical my writing. They also enabled me to with my choice to write for the public. company. Although I had previously “fine-tune” my skills by ensuring that I written for a newsmagazine while pur- completely understood the changes they Elizabeth Cowley suing my doctoral degree in the made to my stories, as well as by always 1999 AAAS Mass Media Fellow Department of Physiology at the giving me stories that were outside my Popular Science University of Missouri in Columbia, I area of expertise. The more I learn, the more I realize believed that my scientific background The most fulfilling part of my intern- how little I know. That particular would be better utilized working for an ship came not from the comments from maxim goes a long way toward sum-
422 The Physiologist Fellowships ming up my experiences this summer “real” journalist from the first day, and I called myself a scientist. working as a science writer for Popular soon discovered the areas scientists and Calling people up and asking them Science magazine. In my non-journalist journalists do have in common—they questions was a wonderful way to spend life, I’m a Post-Doc in Dalhousie do research and they ask questions. My a summer. I talked to many extraordi- University’s Department of Physiology first interviews were probably what nary people, though my most remark- and Biophysics. So what was I up to, intimidated me most, since I knew how able interview had to be with the man pitching story ideas to editors in a busy scientists are and was afraid of who woke up one morning profoundly Manhattan newsroom? Benefiting from wasting their time. That was when I dis- deaf. Eventually he received a cochlear a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to covered the best thing about being a sci- implant and described to me the first expand my skills as a science communi- ence writer. Scientists love to talk about time he heard his wife’s voice and hear- cator, courtesy of the American their research and are usually amazing- ing his unborn baby’s heartbeat. I con- Association for the Advancement of ly flattered that you’ve called them up. sider myself tremendously lucky to Science. Additionally, it seemed that 90% of the have been able to participate in this Dazzled, bewildered, excited, intimi- people I called up had read Popular year’s AAAS program and to have dated. That begins to convey some of Science as a child, which put both of us talked with such people. Popular the emotions that spring to mind as I at ease as there was inevitably some Science sells around 1.5 million copies recall my first weeks as a AAAS Mass anecdote about the magazine to chat each month, and the possibility of being Media Fellow at Popular Science maga- about at the beginning of the interview. read by that number of people rather zine. Each year the AAAS awards fel- My particular area of expertise turned than the dozen or so that might have lowships to around 20 people in the out to be almost useless in this new pro- read my last scientific paper still aston- early stages of their scientific careers. fession and I ended up writing about a ishes me. The majority this year were senior PhD wide range of topics—how cochlear AAAS runs this program to increase students, but a couple of post-docs man- implants work, experiments to discover the communication skills of young sci- aged to sneak in, and I was lucky whether neutrinos have mass, why urine entists, though around half of the partic- enough to be one of them. Coming from smells after consuming asparagus, ipants do move into science journalism an entirely research background, with penile reconstructive surgery, full time. I haven’t made that decision an extremely limited experience of writ- phosphenes, spider silk, how dogs see yet. If you’re considering trying for this ing science for a general audience, it the world, crush injuries, even product fellowship, I strongly encourage you to was difficult to even know what to reviews for cars. And it was all interest- apply. If you’re the supervisor of some- expect from the opportunity of being a ing. I rediscovered that sense of fascina- one considering this program, wish full-time journalist. tion with science in general that attract- them well and let them do it. Don’t see So what do journalists do all day? I ed me to research in the first place- but it as a frivolous interruption to their soon found out that there were lots of that years of lab bench work had damp- studies—they may well come back a phone calls to be made and that it was ened somewhat. I didn’t know I was better scientist as well as a more round- probably the only job where reading the interested in any of these things and ed person. And for the rest of you, if a newspaper and surfing the Internet are began to realize how little I knew about journalist calls, be nice—they’re only actively encouraged. I was treated as a so many aspects of science, even though doing their job. ❖
Sciences Next Wave ScienceNOW Participate in online forums, get information on building a Get your breaking science news and updates on the world science-based career, and read reports from a of science from Sciences global news team. network of correspondents New items are posted each working day. all aimed at the next generation of scientists.
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Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 423 Public Affairs
NIH Grant Success Rates Improving
The success rates of NIH grants are of 36 percent of proposals (including severe competition has all but eliminat- improving, according to a letter by H. amended proposals) submitted in fiscal ed clearly poor-quality applications.” George Mandel, Chairman for the year 1998 were ultimately funded. Meanwhile, according to NIH data, National Caucus of Basic Biomedical However, they reported that this number researchers between the ages of 41-45 Science Chairs, and Elliot Vesell in the was “difficult to establish accurately submit the most successful grant September, 10, 1999, issue of Science. because the timing of submission of requests, at least according to fiscal In fiscal year 1998, NIH reported that amended applications usually extends year 1998 figures. There were 6,162 31 percent of R01 requests were fund- beyond the fiscal year, the reporting grants awarded to that age group, while ed. However, the letter from Mandel period used by NIH.” only 1,347 grants were given funding to and Vesell noted that this total included Mandel and Vesell also reported that researchers in the 61-65 age group. all new and renewal submissions, as the average direct plus indirect cost of a There were 5,776 grants awarded to well as solicited grant requests. Type I funded grant was $228,000, those 46-50 years of age, 4,643 to those According to a breakdown the two whereas the average budget requested 51-55, and 2,800 to 56-60 year olds. developed, the success rates for new, was $274,000. Researchers over the age of 65 were unamended R01 and R29 grant applica- Mandel and Vesell’s letter noted that awarded 958, the fewest number of tions was 20% in FY 1998, up from 14 “Grant reviewers have been impressed grants, whereas those under 36 received percent in fiscal year 1994, the first year by the increasingly high quality of pro- 1,020. ❖ they provided a similar analysis. A total posals over the years, probably because
Mass Media Science and Engineering Fellowship Applications Being Accepted
BACKGROUND: Applications are currently being accepted for an APS sponsored American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Mass Media Science and Engineering fellow. This individual will spend a summer work- ing in the newsroom of a newspaper, magazine, radio or television station, sharpening his or her ability to communicate complex scientific issues to nonscientists and helping to improve public understanding of science. DUTIES: The APS-sponsored fellow will spend 10 weeks helping to cover science and technology issues. AAAS will arrange placement at a participating media outlet as part of the selection process. The fellowship will include travel to Washington for an advance orientation to journalism and an evaluation session at the conclusion of the assignment, as well as travel to the job site and a weekly stipend based upon local cost of living.
ELIGIBILITY: You must be currently enrolled as a graduate or postgraduate student of physiology or a related discipline.
APPLICATION INFORMATION: Application forms are available from Alice Ra’anan in the APS Office of Public Affairs at the address below. In addition to the completed form, applicants must submit a current résumé, at least one three- to five- page writing sample directed to the general public, transcripts of graduate and undergraduate work, and three letters of rec- ommendation. Two recommendation letters should be from faculty members, and the third should be a personal reference. The selection process is designed to seek out qualified candidates especially from underrepresented communities, including African-Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans, as well as scientists with disabilities.
DEADLINE & CONTACT: The application deadline is January 15, 2000. For more information, contact Alice Ra’anan, APS Office of Public Affairs, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3991. Tel: 301-530-7105; fax: 301-571- 8305; e-mail: [email protected].
424 The Physiologist Public Affairs
NIH Budget Set at $17.9 Billion in 2000; Other Agency Increases More Modest
In the early morning hours of first as a 1% reduction. The final agree- Earlier Congress approved legislation November 18, Congress and the White ment reduced the cut to .38% and gave providing fiscal year 2000 funding for House signed off on a fiscal year 2000 the President flexibility to make larger other biological and biomedical budget agreement that would provide cuts in some programs to spare others, research programs. The VA-HUD bill, NIH with $17.9 billion. The agreement as long as no program is cut more than which provides funds for the National was reached nearly two months after the 5%. An announcement about how the Science Foundation (NSF), Department October 1 start of the new fiscal year. spending reduction will be applied was of Veterans Affairs (VA), and National The House ratified the package later expected at the beginning of December. Aeronautics and Space Administration that day, and the Senate followed suit It is estimated that NIH would lose $68 (NASA), was signed October 20. The the following day, clearing the way for million under a .38% cut. bill provided $2.966 billion for the adjournment of the first session of The agreement also requires NIH to Research and Related Activities the 106th Congress. delay spending $3 billion until the end (R&RA) at the National Science With this increase of nearly 15%, of September 2000. This delay was a Foundation in FY 2000, a 7.1% increase Congress has provided NIH with the way to get around limits in government over its FY 1999 level. The NSF overall second step toward a five-year doubling disbursements in fiscal year 2000 and was given $3.912 billion, a 6.5% of its budget, a goal sought by biomed- means that $3 billion funds will actual- increase. The FASEB Consensus ical research advocates, including the ly be counted against outlays of funds in Conference had advocated a 14.4% APS and FASEB. Congressional cham- fiscal year 2001. The earlier version of increase for the NSF. pions led by Sen. Arlen Specter (R-PA) the bill that was vetoed contained $7.5 The VA-HUD bill also provided $321 and Rep. John Edward Porter (R-IL) billion in “delayed obligations,” which million for the VA Medical and fought hard to provide this increase at a had been a source of concern. During Prosthetic Research program, an time when many of their Republican the recent era of tight budgets, NIH had increase of 1.6% over FY 1999. The colleagues were just as insistent that previously managed a few hundred mil- Consensus Conference had recom- federal spending be kept within agreed- lion dollars in delayed obligations, but mended a 14% increase for this program. upon limits. Because of their concern, it had never had a delay in such a large NASA Life Sciences Research was the budget agreement also includes a proportion of its funds. Many worried provided with $120.8 million, a .38% spending reduction to be applied that it would be difficult for NIH to dis- decrease of 3.4% over its FY 1999 to all federal programs. Republicans burse two-fifths of its budget ($7.5 bil- funding level. The Consensus used the cut to reduce spending to the lion) over a few days’ time. The reduc- Conference had recommended a 40% levels prescribed in the Balanced tion of that figure in the final agreement increase to enable this small program to Budget Act. The President had objected to $3 billion in delayed obligations was fund a larger percentage of the requests to this approach, which was put forward viewed as an important change. for research support it receives. ❖
OMB Finalizes FOIA Regulation
The Office of Management and Budget the same provision into their regulations research institution. However, the on October 8 published the final version and funding agreements, a process that Shelby language changed that, and of language enabling the public to is expected to take about a year. OMB and the scientific community request access to data from federally- The Shelby legislative language was quickly recognized that using FOIA to funded research under the Freedom of extremely broad, calling for public provide public access to research data Information Act (FOIA). Language pro- access to all federally funded research presented serious problems. viding for FOIA access to research data data. Legal decisions by the courts had Last February, in the first draft of the was added to OMB Circular A-110 as a previously determined that FOIA regulation, OMB tried to narrow the result of language included in last applied only to information actually scope of FOIA access to data from pub- year’s omnibus appropriations bill at the held by government agencies, while lished research that had been used in behest of Sen. Richard Shelby (R-AL). grantees’ research data was seen as the support of federal policy decisions. This Federal agencies must now incorporate property of the researcher and the (continued on page 430)
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 429 Public Affairs
(continued from page 429) regulation published October 8 is simi- journal, or information which may be interpretation was based not on the orig- lar to the August version. It permits the copyrighted or patented; and inal Shelby legislative language but on public to make FOIA requests for personnel and medical files and simi- the floor statements of senators explain- “research data relating to published lar files the disclosure of which would ing the intent of the provision. However, research findings produced under an constitute a clearly unwarranted inva- even so, many in the scientific commu- award that were used by the Federal sion of personal privacy, such as infor- nity regarded the definitions of key Government in developing an agency mation that could be used to identify a terms as too vague. In its comment let- action that has the force and effect of particular person in a research study. ter, the APS asked for clarification law.” There is also language specifying The regulation defines “published” as about when research is considered to that data means “the recorded factual either when research findings are pub- have been “published.” APS also asked material commonly accepted in the sci- lished in a peer-reviewed scientific or what materials would be considered entific community as necessary to vali- technical journal, or when a Federal data and what agency actions would be date research findings” but excludes agency “publicly and officially cites the considered “policy.” Concerns were “preliminary analyses, drafts of scien- research findings in support of an also raised that FOIA access to research tific papers, plans for future research, agency action that has the force and data might violate patient confidentiali- peer reviews, or communications with effect of law.” ty and researcher’s intellectual property colleagues.” The definition also The final regulation is viewed as rights. excludes physical objects such as labo- probably the best possible outcome The second iteration, published in ratory samples. Further excluded are: given the legislative language behind it. August, took into account many con- trade secrets, commercial informa- However, concerns remain because the cerns that had been voiced by the scien- tion, materials necessary to be held con- FOIA law was not designed or intended tific community in terms of narrowing fidential by a researcher until publica- to be a tool to compel data sharing. ❖ the definitions of key terms. The final tion of their results in a peer-reviewed
HHS Revises Animal Research Cost Allocations
On November 15, the DHHS Office of them. Therefore, to the extent that an reducing per diem rates. Grants and Acquisition Management institution previously charged these The DHHS action, which was issued an “Action Transmittal Memor- costs through per diems, this change approved by OMB, becomes effective andum” instructing the Department’s should provide some relief. immediately for all new F&A rate pro- indirect cost negotiators to change the The APS and other organizations posals. In adopting the new policy, HHS way they treat animal research facility such as the American Association of noted that the “sophistication of animal costs. Under the new policy, certain Immunologists and the AAMC had research has caused more of this animal portions of animal facility costs may raised concerns with HHS about the research to be conducted within the now be included in an institution’s language originally proposed, which confines of these facilities.” Since most Facilities & Administrative (F&A) rate, seemed to exclude housing costs for non-animal research takes place in which is the term used to describe indi- animals if they are ever removed from office or laboratory space (which is rect costs. These costs include proce- the facility for research. HHS respond- included as part of the F&A cost), HHS dure rooms, operating and recovery ed to this concern by changing the acknowledged that “an inequity exists.” rooms, isolation rooms, and quarantine wording to read “animals involved in The HHS action is an attempt to recog- rooms directly related to research proto- research that are not generally removed nize that animal research facilities are cols, “as well as rooms that house ani- from the facility for conducting similar to other research facilities at mals involved in research that are not research.” Although this does not fully educational institutions and with this generally removed from the facility for respond to the concern about housing action has modified its cost allocation conducting research.” costs for animals that are transferred to policy to treat them more similarly in The current policy calls for all costs research laboratories elsewhere in the most cases. ❖ to be included in animal per diem rates institution, the HHS action is generally unless the institution itself subsidizes viewed as a meaningful step toward
430 The Physiologist Public Affairs
Government Publishes Misconduct Definition
On October 14, the government pub- results, or words without giving appro- afterwards. In addition to OSTP, other lished its long-awaited Proposed priate credit, including those obtained co-sponsors of the town meeting Federal Policy on Research Misconduct through confidential review of others’ included the National Institutes of to Protect the Integrity of the Research research proposals and manuscripts.” Health (NIH), and the National Science Record. The Federal Register notice The policy goes on to specify that Foundation (NSF). published by the Office of Science and “research misconduct does not include Many observers consider it signifi- Technology Policy (OSTP) was the cul- honest error or honest differences of cant that the proposed definition omit- mination of efforts by the National opinion.” The policy states further that ted a phrase that currently appears in Science and Technology Council to “A finding of research misconduct the PHS and NSF misconduct rules pro- arrive at a single definition of research requires that: hibiting “other serious deviation from misconduct that was acceptable to all “There be a significant departure accepted practice.” In 1992, a National federal agencies. from accepted practices of the scientific Academy of Sciences panel recom- The proposed policy consists of a community for maintaining the research mended deleting this language because definition plus a set of guidelines for record; it was too vague. However, the NSF handling allegations of research mis- “The misconduct be committed sought to retain the language because it conduct. The proposed policy was sub- intentionally, or knowingly, or in reck- provided latitude to pursue cases that ject to a 60-day comment period ending less disregard of accepted practices; and might not fit under the categories of December 13, 1999. “The allegation be proven by a pre- fraud, falsification, and plagiarism. The policy proposes to define ponderance of evidence.” The proposed definition specifically research misconduct as “fabrication, The Office of Research Integrity identifies fraud, falsification, and pla- falsification, or plagiarism in propos- sponsored a town meeting on giarism as prohibited acts. However, the ing, performing, or reviewing research, November 17 to discuss the proposed definition goes on to state that in order or in reporting research results.” The policy. The policy will apply to all fed- for there to be a finding of misconduct, policy then provides a definition of each erally-funded research, regardless of there must be “a significant departure of those key terms: where or by whom the research is con- from accepted practices of the scientific “Fabrication is making up results and ducted. The town meeting was co-spon- community for maintaining the integri- recording or reporting them. sored by the NIH, NSF, and OSTP, and ty of the scientific record.” “Falsification is manipulating re- was hosted by the National Academy of The proposed policy was posted to search materials, equipment, or pro- Science and the Institute of Medicine the Federal Register web site at cesses, or changing or omitting data or The meeting was held halfway http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi- results such that the research is not through the 60-day comment period so bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_regis- accurately represented in the research that participants could consider the dis- ter&docid=fr14oc99-59. It was also record. cussions at the public meeting and sub- available through the ORI website at “Plagiarism is the appropriation of mit their comments to the Office of http://ori.dhhs.gov/fedreg101499.htm. another person’s ideas, processes, Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) ❖ USDA and Coulston Foundation Reach Consent Agreement The Coulston Foundation, the largest mal program and then implement all providing satisfactory pre-procedural primate research facility in the US, and reasonable recommendations of the care for the animals. But in 1996, the USDA have reached a consent review team. The Foundation can also according to the September 10, 1999, agreement regarding Coulston’s alleged no longer breed chimpanzees without edition of Science, the lab paid a violations of the Animal Welfare Act identifying to APHIS long-term funding $40,000 penalty to settle an investiga- (AWA). As a result of the agreement, sources, and the facility cannot acquire tion into the deaths of seven animals. the Foundation has agreed to surrender any new chimps without specific writ- After two more chimps died in 1997, up to 300 chimpanzees, one-half of its ten approval by APHIS. the USDA started a new investigation, current chimp population, by January The Coulston Foundation neither which lead to a formal complaint in 2002. In addition to relinquishing the admitted nor denied any violations of 1998. By signing the consent decision, 300 chimps, the Foundation must the AWA, which ranged from not pro- the Foundation has ended USDA’s arrange for a USDA-approved external viding adequate ventilation for non- investigation. ❖ review team to examine its entire ani- human primates in the facility to not
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 431 Public Affairs
Activist Accuses ALDF of False Solicitation
The Animal Legal Defense Fund cities have asked us to bring the pro- June 22, 1999. Dana Campbell, an (ALDF) recently sent out a fundraising gram to their communities.” However, attorney hired by ALDF to coordinate solicitation falsely claiming that it has O’Connell-Babcock reported that Fred the Special Prosecutor Program, met an active program to help an Oregon Lenzser of the Multnomah County with Lenzser and provided him with a County prosecute animal abuse cases an Prosecutor’s office told her that the pro- list of trial lawyers who were willing to animal activist has alleged. The accusa- gram was inactive and virtually non- volunteer their services. In an interview tion was raised in a letter in the October existent. O’Connell-Babcock character- with Animal People, Campbell blamed issue of Animal People written by Gail ized it as a program that “exists only on the D.A.’s office for the lack of R. O’Connell-Babcock of the group paper and does nothing.” progress. Citizens for Humane Animal When asked by Animal People for Based upon this chronology of Legislation. Animal People, a monthly comment, ALDF executive director events, Animal People pressed ALDF newspaper that describes itself as pro- Joyce Tischler provided background executive director Tischler for an expla- viding “News for People Who Care information about the program, which nation as to why ALDF was attempting About Animals,” also published the had been announced with great fanfare to raise funds based upon a “mislead- results of its own inquiry into the mat- on May 21, 1997. The program was ing” claim about the success of the pro- ter. supposed to involve attorneys in private gram. Tischler’s explanation was that O’Connell-Babcock wrote that the practice who would prosecute animal she had not written the appeal herself ALDF solicitation states that its abuse cases on a volunteer basis for the and was unaware that it included a mis- “Special Prosecutor Program in County, but the lawyers had not yet statement. Multnomah County, Oregon, which been identified when the program was “We believe that an attorney, espe- provides a team of experienced trial announced. Based on the information cially representing an organization of attorneys to help the local District supplied by ALDF, two years passed attorneys, should know enough to read Attorney prosecute animal abuse cases, before there was any further activity in documents carefully before signing has proven so successful that 19 other this program. That action took place on them,” Animal People wrote. ❖
Illinois Congressman John Porter Set to Retire
Congressman John Porter (R-IL), Chair Both scientists and patient advocacy Congress, Porter immediately referred of the House Labor-HHS Appropria- groups have grown accustomed to hav- to his drive to designate more funds for tions Subcommittee since 1995, and a ing Porter as chair of the Labor-HHS NIH. champion of NIH funding, has subcommittee, but he would have to “I’m particularly proud that my sub- announced he will retire in January give up the post anyway at the end of committee has made biomedical 2001, at the end of the 106th Congress the 106th Congress because of a term research a very big priority and that we and his current term. limit rule for committee chairs adopted are working now to double the funding Porter assumed the role of the after the Republicans gained the major- for biomedical research over five Subcommittee Chair after the ity. years,” he said. “I think it is one of the Republican Party obtained the majority Despite this year’s difficulties in most important priorities for human in the House in the 1994 elections. approving the FY 2000 Labor-HHS being across the world. That, I am very Since then, NIH has been the benefici- funding bill, which Porter authored and proud of.” ary of significant increases in appropri- includes the NIH budget, Porter insists In his resignation announcement, ations: the obstacles of the bill were not factors Porter said that as he contemplated FY 1996 +5.6 % in his decision to retire. whether to seek a twelfth term, he con- FY 1997 +6.8 % “I have experienced great frustration cluded it was time to pursue “other FY 1998 +7.1 % every year,” he said. “This is a personal opportunities and challenges,” though FY 1999 +14.4 % decision. It has nothing to do with the he added that he does not yet know FY 2000 +14.7% difficulty in passing the Labor-HHS what they are. He added that he wanted Porter’s announcement surprised bill.” to spend more time with his children House leaders and the biomedical When asked what he felt was his and grandchildren. ❖ research advocacy community alike. most remarkable achievement in
432 The Physiologist Public Affairs
OPRR Human Subjects Division to Move HHS Secretary Donna Shalala has When humans are used as research • Institutions allowed researchers who accepted a recommendation to move the subjects, the OPRR is responsible for had financial interests in cancer studies human subjects division of the Office implementing the HHS regulations for to conduct reviews of those studies, in for Protection from Research Risks the humans’ protection, which includes violation of federal regulations. (OPRR) from NIH to the Office of the negotiating formal written assurances • Doctors failed to accurately inform Secretary of HHS. The recommenda- of compliance with institutions engaged patients of the benefits and risks of a tion to move OPRR came from a special in research involving human subjects, study or to describe alternatives that committee that investigated concerns investigation and oversight of institu- might be more efficacious. about the protection of human research tional compliance, and professional and In response to the growing concern subjects. In a report submitted to the public education. about the faulty oversight of human Advisory Committe to the Director of There have been many instances subject research, two Boston-based NIH in June, the OPRR Review Panel reported recently about problems with national organizations, Public suggested that OPRR’s current location human subjects protection at major Responsibility in Medicine and within NIH compromises its effective- research institutions. According to the Research (PRIM&R) and Applied ness in dealing with entities outside October 11, 1999 issue of US News and Research Ethics National Association NIH. The Panel asserted that by relocat- World Report, an audit by the National (ARENA) are looking into the possibil- ing that division of OPRR to the Office Cancer Institute of its own cancer trials ity of establishing a new organization of the Secretary of HHS, it will be in a from 1995 through September, 1999 for accreditation of human subject position to exercise a more effective found noteworthy problems in one-third research programs. PRIM&R and leadership role in the research commu- of the 23,455 reviewed cases. A more ARENA have consulted with the nity on issues relating to the protection detailed review of federally funded can- Association for Assessment and of human research subjects. While the cer trial investigations found problems Accreditation of Laboratory Animal human subjects division is expected to in human subjects research at more than Care International (AAALAC), which, move in April, 2000, OPRR’s animal 100 institutions. The violations includ- since 1965, has provided private accred- welfare division will remain at its cur- ed the following: itation of animal care and use programs. rent location within NIH. • Researchers neglected to record or The recommendation to retain the OPRR is responsible for overseeing report serious adverse reactions to OPRR animal welfare division at NIH protection of human subjects and the experimental drugs, including deaths, was the result of a report by Surgeon humane care and use of animals in thus, jeopardizing the safety of subjects General David Satcher, as presented to PHS-funded studies. In addition, OPRR remaining in the study. HHS Secretary Shalala. has the authority to investigate com- • Patients were coerced into waiving Monitoring animal subject welfare is plaints or concerns regarding an institu- their legal rights in case of malpractice. a role divided between NIH, the US tion’s oversight practices, and, if neces- • Researchers placed patients in trials Department of Agriculture, and FDA; sary, to demand corrective action or that were medically inappropriate, HHS concluded this balance is best even suspend HHS funding until the which may have reduced their chances maintained at NIH. ❖ problems are resolved. for survival.
Varmus Leaving NIH to Head Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center After serving six years as one of the He will replace Paul Marks, who has Varmus’ research interest has been most important leaders in advancing filled the position since 1980. the genetic basis of cancer, specifically biomedical research in the United During his NIH tenure, Varmus retroviruses and their ability to cause States, Harold Varmus will step down as fought tirelessly to increase the nation’s genetic change. He began his career as the director of the National Institutes of budget for biomedical research. He was a postdoctoral fellow at the University Health at the end of this year. also commended and applauded for rec- of California at San Francisco in 1970, Upon his resignation, he will assume ognizing biomedical research issues, and became a full professor in 1979. the role of President and Chief and for his initiative to restructure cer- His collaborative work with J. Michael Executive Officer of Memorial Sloan- tain areas of NIH, including intramural Bishop on normal genes that control Kettering Cancer Center in New York. research. (continued on page 434)
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 433 Public Affairs
(continued from page 433) tific institution....We wish him well in acter and skill which he brings to our growth and division in cancer cells led his new position.” common goal: the improvement of to his earning of the 1989 Nobel Prize. FASEB President David Kaufman human health through the tools of sci- Remarking on the departure of said Varmus’ “enthusiasm and ‘bench ence,” Kaufman said. Varmus, Department of Health and scientist’ approach to research policy is Shalala said every effort is going to Human Services Secretary Donna refreshing and convincing to the public, be made to find a permanent director as Shalala commented, “The appointment his colleagues in science, and policy fast as possible and to try and have one of Harold Varmus as Director of the makers in Washington. As Director of confirmed before the next presidential National Institutes of Health was one of NIH, he conveyed the excitement of sci- election. Meanwhile, Ruth Kirchstein, the most important accomplishments of ence and the researcher’s dedication to the current NIH deputy director, will this administration....To have a scientist discovery and its potential to improve serve as the acting Director. Kirchstein of his brilliance and stature lead NIH human health. previously served as acting director in has been invaluable to the scientific “Few individuals can be said to have 1993 after Bernadine Healy left the community and to the American people. done so much to improve human health position and prior to Varmus’ arrival. History will judge him as the leader as can Harold Varmus.....We wish him She was also the Director of NIGMS who brought new energy, vision, and good fortune in his new endeavor. We prior to accepting her position as NIH excitement to the world’s greatest scien- shall miss him and the strength of char- Deputy Director ❖
New NIH Website on Animal Models
The National Institutes of Health recently inaugurated a new being focused on the development of animal models. segment of the NIH website, designed to provide information The web address is http://www.nih.gov/science/models/. on national and international activities and resources that are
Boundaries Panel Adds Review Groups
In response to comments from the sci- specific gaps in the proposed review January, 2000, and then to move on to entific community, NIH’s Panel on structure by adding IRGs on the kidney the next phase of its work. Scientific Boundaries for Review added and urinary tract; exercise sciences; Phase 2 will entail the establishment three Integrated Review Groups (IRGs) aging and geriatric medicine; and devel- of expert panels that “will be asked to to the 21 originally proposed in its draft opment in its broadest sense, including design the study sections for several of report. The panel was convened by Ellie pregnancy, embryology, fetal and the newly recommended IRGs,” accord- Ehrenfeld, director of the Center for neonatal well-being, as well as develop- ing to a notice posted on the NIH web Scientific Review, and asked to conduct ment from infancy through adulthood. site. The panel anticipates that addition- a comprehensive examination of the The letter is posted on the web at al expert panels will be commissioned organization and function of the grant http://www.faseb.org/aps/bound- in 2001 to complete Phase 2. The July review process at CSR. ariesletter.htm. 29 draft of the panel’s Phase 1 report The panel’s Phase 1 report was pub- On November 8-9, the Panel on described this process as involving lished July 29 with a comment period Scientific Boundaries for Review met to “expert groups of extramural scientists that extended through October 15. consider comments on its Phase 1 and NIH staff. . . [to] create the scien- Many APS members commented indi- Report. The panel agreed to add IRGs tifically related study sections that will vidually, and the Society submitted a for Biology of Development and Aging; populate each IRG on the basis of the comment letter. “Of immediate concern Renal and Urological Sciences; and principles outlined in this report.” to many physiologists is that the pro- AIDS and AIDS-Related Research. The The panel’s update on its November posed realignment appears to convey a panel now plans to conduct a series of meeting is posted on the NIH website at bias toward reductionist approaches to conference calls with experts in specific http://www.drg.nih.gov/events/scien- the detriment of integrationist ones,” areas to help it “refine further recom- tificboundariesupdate.htm. This page APS President Walter Boron wrote. The mendations in the Phase 1 report.” It also contains a link to the Phase 1 APS letter urged the panel to address expects to finalize that report in report. ❖
434 The Physiologist Public Affairs
Animal Rights Group Sends Booby-Trapped Letters to Researchers
An extremist animal rights group, would slice a finger. In addition to the Michigan, and Wisconsin at Madison. calling itself the “Justice Department,” razor, the envelopes contained a short Only a handful of the letters were actu- claimed responsibility for a radical act message: “You have been targeted and ally opened, and no injuries were that resulted in biomedical researchers you have until autumn of 2000 to reported. All of the letters are being more carefully examining and opening release all of your primate captives and turned over to the Federal Bureau of their mail. get out of the vivisection industry. If Investigation, which has taken over the The group posted a communiqué, you do not heed our warning, your vio- case. including the names and institutions of lence will be turned back upon you.” This is the first time the “Justice targeted researchers, on the Internet that The universities were warned of the Department,” a little-known extremist warned it had hidden razor blades in letters by research groups that monitor group that originated in the United envelopes and mailed them to at least 80 animal rights web sites, which forward- Kingdom, has focused on researchers in specific researchers working with non- ed the list and the communiqué to the the United States. In 1994, the groups human primates to find vaccines and intended recipients. sent six letter bombs to European com- treatments for AIDS, cancer and other Letters have been received or inter- panies that export live animals. In 1996, diseases. To reinforce their point, the cepted at universities around the US, the organization mailed 87 envelopes to activists strategically placed a razor including Emory, Harvard, Tulane, Canadian furriers. Those letters were blade on the inside of the envelope, Oregon Health Sciences University, rigged with razor blades allegedly con- positioned so that anyone opening it Universities of California at Davis, taminated with AIDS-infected blood. ❖
Lab Animal Use Declines–Again
The number of research animals used in dropped 54 percent, and the number of for their animals and get tough on those the US each year continues to decline, rabbits used has declined 35 percent that continue to show disregard for the according to figures released in a since 1973. law and well-being of their animals. In USDA report. As required by the The decline in the numbers of ani- addition to charging research facilities, Animal Welfare Act (AWA), the mals used in research can be attributed circuses, airlines, and a zoo for failure USDA’s Animal and Plant Health to a variety of reasons, including the to comply with the AWA regulations, Inspection Service (APHIS) annually increased use of more refined tech- APHIS has also targeted animal dealers. reports to Congress the number of ani- niques and the development of valid One such case, in September 1997, was mals in regulated species that are used non-animal methodologies. In addition, brought against a class B animal dealer each year for biomedical research, APHIS is serious about its responsibili- for more than 1,500 AWA recordkeep- teaching, and testing. The data, howev- ty to enforce the AWA effectively. ing violations. The charges against the er, are incomplete, because research According to APHIS, over the past dealer included selling dogs and cats to facilities are not required to disclose three years, it has implemented a new research facilities under falsified docu- their use of rats, mice, and birds, which strategy to improve enforcement of the ments and maintaining false acquisition are not regulated. Rats, mice, and birds AWA. Conditions for animals protected records for dogs. The case was closed account for approximately 80-90 per- under the law have improved, and there with a permanent revocation of the cent of all animals used. has been a reduction in the time it takes dealer’s license and a $175,000 fine. According to the latest USDA report to resolve cases, resulting in savings to APHIS has also sought to allow mon- on the 1998 numbers, the use of dogs in US taxpayers by avoiding excessive lit- etary penalties to be used for innovative research has declined 61 percent since igation. purposes, including facility improve- the reports were first issued in 1973. The philosophy behind the new ments, employee training, and research The number of cats used has dropped enforcement strategy of the APHIS is to to promote better overall animal health 62 percent since 1973. Guinea pigs are work with those individuals who show and welfare. ❖ down 36 percent, hamsters have an interest in improving the conditions
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 435 Positions Available
Deputy Editor
Physiological Genomics, a new research journal published writing skills to communicate complex concepts clearly, by The American Physiological Society, has an immediate and strong editorial and interpersonal skills. need for a Deputy Editor to be based in Boston, Massachusetts. Responsibilites include: Brigham and Women’s Hospital/ Harvard University and The American Physiological Society offer an outstanding recruitment of articles through direct contact with the compensation and benefits package. Please forward your scientific community resume, writing sample, and salary requirements to: writing of research commentaries coordinating the receipt and review of manuscripts Dr. Victor Dzau, Editor-in-Chief close coordination with authors, editors, and publisher Physiological Genomics representation of the journal at scientific meetings c/o The American Physiological Society Publications Department The ideal candidate will possess an advanced degree in the 9650 Rockville Pike biomedical sciences or science journalism or closely relat- Bethesda, MD 20814-3991 ed discipline, 2-6 years related work experience, excellent EOE
ntion ! Atte rchers Resea APS to work in your lab in the summer of 2000! Frontiers Summer Research sciencescience teacherteacher Teachers are middle and high Host a school science teachers from The APS Summer Research Programs across the nation who work in for Teachers allow science educators APS researchers’ laboratories in nationwide at middle schools, high their own communities. schools, Native American reservation schools, tribal colleges, and community colleges to learn about science “in action.” Explorations Summer Research Teachers are mid- Become a part of APS’ efforts to increase dle/high school science teachers teachers’ and students’ knowledge about serving Native American stu- what scientists do, how the research dents in Montana, and science process works, and the intrinsic satisfac- faculty at Montana tribal colleges tion and sense of excitement that comes who work in the laboratories of from conducting scientific research. APS researchers outside the state of Montana.
For more information, contact the APS Education Office: (301) 530-7132 or [email protected] OR see program descriptions and applications on the website: http://www.faseb.org/aps/educatn/k-12prog.htm
436 The Physiologist Positions Available
Postdoctoral Position: We are seeking bright, innovative Postdoctoral Associate/Assistant Research Scientist: The physiologists to develop and validate non-invasive assays to University of Iowa Health Care, Department of Internal characterize juvenile and adult mice with a variety of genet- Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational ic defects. These assays will be performed on mice mutage- Medicine Division is seeking both a Postdoctoral Associate nized both by ENU and by directed genome manipulation. and an Assistant Research Scientist to perform research This individual will be responsible for developing and vali- related to macrophage biology and molecular regulation in dating novel assays to assess the function of any one of a acute and chronic lung diseases. For Postdoctoral Associate, wide range of physiologic systems including cardiovascular, a PhD in molecular biology or immunology supplemented renal, bone, hematopoiesis, learning and memory, respira- by one or more years of progressively responsible experi- tion and development. A PhD, MD or DVM is required. ence in the conduct of related research is required. For Salary commensurate with experience. The position is MRC Assistant Research Scientist, a person in this classification funded and available for up to three years. Please send a has the academic knowledge of a discipline that is general- cover letter indicating research interests, CV, and names and ly associated with a doctoral degree or an equivalent profes- contact information for three references to: Dr. Lee sional degree, i.e., MD, DDS, and DVM. In addition, the Adamson, The Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute at Mt. person will have demonstrated the ability to plan and exe- Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave., Room 138P, Toronto, cute a research study through some progressively responsi- ON, M5G 1X5, Canada ([email protected]). ble independent research work. A PhD in immunology or molecular biology and postdoctoral research and reasonable (1-3 years) experience in immunology and molecular biolo- gy are desired. Please send resume and cover letter to Dr. Gary Hunninghake, c/o Carol Wehby, Human Resources, Internal Medicine, E400 GH, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa Postdoctoral Position: An NIH funded position to study City, IA 52242-1081. Indicate #39334 for the Assistant molecular and cellular mechanisms in skeletal muscle Research Scientist and #39335 for the Postdoctoral regeneration and hypertrophy is available at the Emory Associate. Women and minorities are strongly encouraged University, Atlanta, GA. Muscle satellite cells are the post- to apply. [EOE/AA] natal muscle precursor cells that are responsible for normal muscle growth, muscle regeneration after injury and exer- cise-induced increases in muscle size. The functions of the Biomechanics and Human/Systems Physiologists: satellite cell are crucial to normal human and animal Biomechanics: University of Oregon - Assistant Professor growth, injury repair, muscle disease progression and mus- and Human/Systems Physiologist: University of Oregon – cle loss during disuse or aging. We study the molecular and Assistant/Associate Professor. Applications invited for one cellular mechanisms that regulate the functions of satellite Assistant Professor (tenure track) in Biomechanics and one cells (Developmental Dynamics, 212:495-508, 1998); Assistant/Associate Professor (tenure track) in Human/ Molecular Biology of the Cell, 9:2905-2916, 1998; Amer. J. Systems Physiology. Biomechanics position requires a PhD Physiology (Cell Physiol.) 277(2):C320-C329, 1999). A with specialization in biomechanics, outstanding research combination of molecular, cellular, biochemical, in vitro accomplishments, and expertise to teach in undergraduate and in vivo approaches are used in the laboratory to address and graduate courses in biomechanics and related areas. four main areas of research in skeletal muscle myogenesis: Requirements for Human/Systems Physiologist position 1) signaling pathways in muscle satellite cells; 2) the role of include PhD with specialization in physiology, sufficient specific growth and differentiation factors in myogenesis; 3) expertise to assist in teaching courses in undergraduate enhancement of muscle regeneration or muscle mass using human and exercise physiology and/or graduate courses in gene therapy or systemic administration of pharmacologic areas related to his/her research expertise. The development agents; 4) the role of calcium in regulating gene expression of a strong independent research program with external during muscle repair or maintenance of muscle size in the funding is expected for both positions. Postdoctoral experi- adult. Applicants should have a PhD with background in cell ence preferred. Salary is competitive and commensurate or molecular biology or exercise physiology. Position is with experience. Direct phone or email inquiries to 541- available immediately. Send CV and short description of 346-4337 or [email protected]. Send letter of research interests to: Dr. Grace K. Pavlath, Emory application, vita, samples of scholarly work, and three let- University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, ters of reference to Biomechanics and Physiology Position Department of Pharmacology, Room 5027, Atlanta, GA Searches, 1240 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403- 30322. Fax: 404-727-0365; email: gpavlath@bimcore. 1240. Deadline: December 1, 1999, or until filled. emory.edu. [EOE/AA] AA/EO/ADA institution committed to cultural diversity.
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 437 Positions Available
Assistant/Associate Professor in Physiology: New York Assistant Professor, Tenure Track: Successful applicant Chiropractic College (NYCC), a leading accredited college will maintain an active research program, seek extramural of chiropractic, has an immediate opening for a full-time, funding, and supervise student research. See Science 286: assistant/associate professor in the basic sciences. Located 1024, 1999 for full description. Letter of application, cur- in Seneca Falls, New York, NYCC is dedicated to providing riculum vitae, statement of research and teaching interests, students with a quality education that will enable them to and 3 letters of recommendation to: Dr. Douglas Meikle, deliver excellence in alternative health care. Responsibili- Chair, Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, ties include teaching a systems physiology lecture and lab- OH 45056. Review of applications will begin on oratory course (6 credits), as well as ongoing scholarly December 1, 1999 and continue until the position is filled. activity and professional development. Current research Tel: 513-529-3100; Email to: [email protected]; web- interests at our institution include, but are not limited to, site: http://www.muohio.edu/ for more information. Miami biomechanics and gait analysis, motor control, skeletal mus- University offers Equal Opportunity in Employment and cle physiology, sports medicine, and performing arts medi- Education. cine. Candidates must possess a PhD degree in physiology, biology, or a related discipline. Experience teaching at an accredited graduate or professional level institution as well as familiarity with instruction methods for a health care- Assistant or Associate Professor: The New York based curriculum is desired. Applications will be accepted University School of Education Department of Physical until a suitable candidate is found. Interested candidates Therapy is seeking an Assistant or Associate Professor to should submit a cover letter and current vitae to: Office of teach in the Department’s new professional education pro- Human Resources, New York Chiropractic College, 2360 gram at the doctorate level (DPT). The position is a tenure State Route 89, Seneca Falls, NY 13148. M/F/V/D [EOE]. track nine-month appointment beginning September 1, 2000 with opportunities to do summer teaching and research. New York University, a pioneer in physical therapist educa- tion, is one of the eight programs in the country to offer Assistant Professor-Exercise Science: Applications are physical therapist professional education at the doctorate invited for a tenure-track faculty position at the Assistant level. Our post-professional master’s degree programs and a Professor level in the Department of Exercise Science, post-professional PhD program, which are internationally University of Southern California, commencing July 1, recognized, are also part of the Department’s offerings. 2000. Applicants must have fulfilled all requirements for Qualifications: physical therapist preferred; an earned doc- their PhD degree by the time of appointment. The degree torate at the time of appointment; experience in teaching and earned should be relevant to the areas of muscle mechanics, clinical practice in the area of musculoskeletal or cardiopul- muscle physiology, muscle metabolism, biomechanics, monary physical therapy; eligible for licensure in New York and/or any specialization area that would be relevant to the State. We will also consider candidates with strong teaching current research efforts of the Exercise Science Department experience in human physiology or neuromuscular physiol- at USC. Candidates must demonstrate evidence of scholarly ogy. Candidate should have an established research track productivity and potential for external funding. The success- and interest in seeking external funding. Application: The ful candidate’s responsibilities will include development of application should include: a letter indicating the appropri- an independent research laboratory, publication in peer- ateness of the candidate’s qualifications for the responsibil- reviewed journals, acquisition of external funding for ities of the position; a curriculum vitae; and the names and research, instruction at the undergraduate and graduate level, telephone numbers of four references. The completed appli- and supervision of graduate students. The Department of cation should be sent to: Tsega A. Mehreteab, Chair, Search Exercise Science is located within the College of Letters, Committee, Department of Physical Therapy, New York Arts, and Sciences. Applicants should provide a letter of University, 380 Second Avenue, 4th Floor, New York, NY interest including research goals and teaching philosophy, a 10010-5615. Review of applications will begin in current curriculum vitae, three letters of reference, and November 1999 and continue until the position has been examples of publications (maximum of 3) to: Dr. Casey filled. Nominations of candidates for the position may also Donovan, Department of Exercise Science, University of be submitted to the above address. For more information Southern California, 3560 Watt Way, PED 107, Los Angeles, concerning the Physical Therapy Department, consult our CA 90089-0652. Fax: 213-740-7909; email: donovan@usc. website at: http://www.nyu.edu/education/pt. New York edu. Screening of applications will begin on December 15, University encourages applications from women and mem- 1999 and continue until the position is filled. [AA/EOE] bers of minority groups.
438 The Physiologist Positions Available
Assistant Professor: The Department of Biological Faculty Position, Comparative Vertebrate Endocrinolo- Sciences at Illinois State University invites applications for gist: The Department of Zoology at the University of an Assistant Professor with research interests in fundamental Toronto invites applications for a tenure-track position in aspects of the physiology of vertebrates. Individuals employ- comparative vertebrate endocrinology at either the Assistant ing biophysical, cellular and molecular approaches to inves- or Associate Professor level, effective July 1, 2000. The suc- tigate the physiology of tissues, organs and organ systems are cessful candidate will be expected to develop a vigorous, particularly encouraged to apply. Teaching responsibilities externally funded research program, train graduate students, will include an advanced graduate course in vertebrate/mam- participate in departmental teaching at both the graduate and malian physiology and participation in undergraduate cours- undergraduate levels and collaborate with colleagues in evo- es in physiology or related areas. The successful applicant lutionary biology, molecular biology, ecology and physiolo- will be expected to develop an independent, high-quality, and gy. Applicants should submit a curriculum vitae, copies of extramurally funded research program and to contribute to up to four recent publications, a statement of present and the training of PhD and Master’s students. Postdoctoral expe- projected research and teaching interests not to exceed three rience preferred. Applications should consist of curriculum pages and arrange for three letters of reference to be for- vitae, copies of three representative publications, three rec- warded by the closing date of 3 December, 1999. ommendation letters, and a brief statement of research and Applications should be sent to Professor F. Michael Barrett, teaching goals sent to Dr. Robert L. Preston, Chair, Chair, Comparative Vertebrate Endocrinology Search Physiology Search Committee, Department of Biological Committee, Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Sciences, Campus Box 4120, Illinois State University, 25 Harbord St., Toronto, ON M5S 3G5 Canada. In accor- Normal, IL 61790-4120 (Email: [email protected]). To dance with Canadian immigration requirements, this adver- assure full consideration, please apply by December 7, 1999. tisement is directed to Canadian citizens and permanent res- Illinois State is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action idents of Canada. The University of Toronto encourages University encouraging diversity. applications from qualified women or men including mem- bers of visible minorities, aboriginal persons and persons with disabilities. Assistant Professor-Tenure Track: The Department of Biology at Mount Allison University invites applications for a tenure track position, subject to budgetary approval. Candidates should possess a PhD and have postdoctoral experience with research interests in any area of animal phys- Assistant Professor/Molecular and Cellular Physiology: iology (vertebrate or invertebrate, including insects) will be The University of Michigan Department of Physiology considered. The successful candidate’s undergraduate teach- invites applications for a tenure-track position at the ing shall include animal physiology and courses in the candi- Assistant Professor rank. We are seeking an individual date’s specialty. The successful candidate would also be studying the function of eukaryotic cells at the cellular and expected to establish a strong, externally-funded research molecular levels. Applications are encouraged from individ- program and supervise thesis students. The appointment will uals studying molecules involved in membrane permeabili- be made at the rank of Assistant Professor and will com- ty and transport. The successful applicant will be considered mence on July 1, 2000. The 1998-99 annual salary range for for the Biological Scholars Program (see 20 August 1999 Assistant Professor is $39,305 - $52,380 (subject to current Science) and will have the opportunity to participate in the negotiations). An application should include a curriculum new Center for Integrative Genomics. The applicant will be vitae, a statement of research and teaching interests, and the expected to establish an externally funded research program names of three referees, and be sent to: Dr. R.B. Aiken, Chair and participate in the teaching of graduate and professional of the Search Committee, Department of Biology, Mount students. Qualifications include a PhD or its equivalent and Allison University, 63B York Street, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, postdoctoral research. Candidates should send a curriculum Fax: 506-364-2505; Email: [email protected]. The closing date vitae and summary of research interests and arrange for at is January 31, 2000. Mount Allison University has an least three references to be sent to: Chair: Molecular and employment equity program and encourages applications Cellular Physiology Search, Department of Physiology, from all qualified women and men, including aboriginal peo- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622. The ples, persons with disabilities, and members of visible review process will start January 3, 2000. The University minorities. In accordance with Canadian immigration of Michigan is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action requirements, this advertisement is directed to Canadian citi- Employer committed to achieving diversity among its facul- zens and permanent residents. ty and staff.
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 439 Positions Available
Faculty position in Evolutionary Organismal Biology: Assistant Professor, Animal Physiologist-Ecological The Department of Biology at University of California at Toxicologist: The Department of Biological Sciences at Riverside invites applications for a faculty position at the Capital University invites applications for a tenure-track junior (tenure-track Assistant Professor) or senior (tenured position at the assistant professor level in Animal Associate or Full Professor) level. We seek an evolutionary Physiology-Ecotoxicology to begin Fall 2000. Candidates biologist working at the interface between the individual should possess a PhD at the time of appointment. We are and the environment; relevant areas of interest include evo- seeking a collegial Animal Physiologist with a specializa- lutionary physiology, functional morphology, and ecologi- tion in Ecological Toxicology and candidates with strong cal genetics. The successful candidate will establish a vig- commitments to liberal arts undergraduate education. A orous research program, contribute to undergraduate and background in environmental chemistry, vertebrate physiol- graduate training, and participate in our interdepartmental ogy, numerical modeling, and environmental risk assess- graduate research unit in evolution and ecology. Applicants ment would be an asset to the position. Successful candi- must have a PhD degree and a strong record of research dates need to be willing to teach across the curriculum, accomplishment. Junior-level applicants must have two or including non-science majors, and introductory through more years of postdoctoral training; senior applicants must advanced Biology and Environmental Science courses. The have an excellent research and teaching record. A curricu- appointee will be expected to advise and work closely with lum vitae, statement of research interests, and three to five undergraduate students in course work and undergraduate letters (as well as the names and addresses of references for research projects, as well as maintain an active research senior applicants) should be sent to: Chair, Evolution Search program in his/her field. Applications should include a cur- Committee, Department of Biology, University of riculum vitae, transcripts, three letters of reference, and a California, Riverside, CA 92521. Review of applications statement of teaching and research experience, philosophy, will begin January 21, 2000. and interests. Send complete applications to: Chair of the Search Committee, Department of Biological Sciences, Capital University, 2199 East Main Street, Columbus, Ohio 43209-2394. Review of application begins January 15, Assistant/Associate Professor: The Department of 2000. More information on Capital University and the Physiology of the East Tennessee State University is look- Department of Biological Sciences may be obtained at ing to fill a tenure-track, 12-month, state funded position as http://www.capital.edu. Capital University is an equal Assistant/Associate or Full Professor. Position is opportunity employer. Applications from women and revised/readvertised. Possibility for joint appointment in minorities are strongly encouraged. Internal Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute. Applicant must have doctoral degree, training or experience in cell and molecular biology, and at least two or more years postdoctoral experience. Seeking an excellent scientist who will complement our existing strengths in the Two tenure-track positions: The University of Tennessee, biology of the vascular wall, neural control of the cardio- Memphis, Department of Physiology is actively recruiting vascular system, membrane ion transport and epithelial cell for two tenure-track faculty positions. Academic rank is biology. Our departmental faculty’s research involves cellu- dependent upon experience and qualifications. Candidates lar, molecular, and systems-oriented approaches. Potential should have a PhD or MD degree, a good track record in to develop and sustain a strong, extramurally funded, inde- publications, and postdoctoral research experience with a pendent research program is an important selection criteri- background in cellular and/or molecular biology. The abili- on. Further collaboration opportunities exist throughout the ties to establish an independent research program in the College and Cardiovascular Research Institute in areas of areas of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, developmental, neurocardiology, atherosclerosis and cancer in a growing endocrine, or epithelial physiology and to engage in teach- research community. Ample start-up package, excellent ing activities of the department are expected. Applicants benefits, competitive salary, and beautiful location in the should send a curriculum vitae, copies of three representa- Appalachian Mountains. Candidates should submit a letter, tive publications, and the names of three references to: curriculum vitae, and names of three references by March Leonard R. Johnson, PhD, Chair, Department of 1, 2000 to: Dr. William L. Joyner, Professor and Chair, Physiology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, 894 Union Department of Physiology, James H. Quillen College of Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163. These positions will remain Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Box 70576, open until filled. The University of Tennessee is an Johnson City, TN 37614-0576. Applications accepted for EEO/AA/Title VI/Title IX/Section 504/ADA/ADEA review until position is filled. [EOE/AA]. employer. Minorities and females are encouraged to apply.
440 The Physiologist Positions Available
Assistant Professor-Tenure Track: York University Tenure-Track Faculty Member-Anatomy and Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, Kinesiology and Physiology/Biology Education: The Department of Health Science, invites applications for a tenure-track Zoology and Genetics at Iowa State University seeks a appointment at the Assistant Professor level in neurophysi- tenure-track faculty member to teach a large enrollment, ology/neuroscience with an emphasis on some aspect of the non-majors course in introductory anatomy and physiology, broad areas of physical activity, behavior and health. A to supervise coordination of accompanying laboratories, research program that utilizes molecular approaches will be and to develop a scholarship program in biological science a definite asset. The present Master’s program covers health- education. The successful candidate will have a PhD in a related aspects of exercise physiology, psychology, occupa- biological science and a record of scholarly accomplish- tional biomechanics and fitness/epidemiology. We are seek- ments in biology education. Those making a transition from ing to broaden the range of academic areas that we cover, as biological research into educational scholarship are encour- well as to build our faculty complement towards a PhD in aged to apply. Areas of interest include, but are not limited Kinesiology and Health Science. The opportunity exists for to, distance education, innovative teaching methods, out- a cross-appointment to the Graduate Program in Biology. reach to teachers, or such as in science education or cur- Duties will include the supervision and teaching of graduate riculum reform. It is expected that the person chosen will students and undergraduate teaching. A PhD and a promis- attract outside funding to support their scholarship or teach- ing publication record in refereed journals are required, as ing innovations and attract graduate students. The person well as the ability to develop a productive research program will join a growing campus community of faculty from sev- supported by external funding. Postdoctoral experience eral departments who are interested in science education. A would be an asset. Applicants should send a curriculum portfolio approach to evaluation and opportunities for pro- vitae, a cover letter stating future research goals, relevant fessional development in the university will provide clear reprints, and the names, addresses and telephone numbers of support for this position. A start-up package and logistical at least three individuals who may act as references by 15th staff support will be provided. Applications will be consid- January, 2000 to: Dr. E. Cafarelli, Chair, Search ered until the position is filled. Submit a curriculum vitae, a Committee, Kinesiology and Health Science, York statement of teaching philosophy, and a plan for University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 (e-mail: future scholarly activities and arrange for three letters of ref- [email protected]). Duties commence July 1, 2000. The posi- erence to be sent to: Dr. Dennis G. Emery, Department of tion is subject to budgetary approval. Further information Zoology and Genetics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA can be obtained at www.yorku.ca/dept/physed. York 50011. Email: [email protected]. University has a policy of employment equity, including affirmative action for women faculty. In accordance with Canadian immigration requirements, this advertisement is directed to Canadian citizens and permanent residents.
Faculty Position-Investigator: The University of Missouri moral control of the circulation on campus. The successful is accepting applications for a tenured or tenure track candidate will participate in the Mission Enhancement mid/senior level investigator with research achievements/ Initiative for recruitment of a junior level investigator with interests in molecular biology and its application to under- complementary research interests. Teaching requirements standing mechanisms involved in neurohumoral control of will be commensurate with the expertise of the individual. physiological systems. Desirable research interests include The appointment is in Biomedical Sciences, College of synaptic transmission, sensory processing, or receptor sys- Veterinary Medicine, with joint appointments in the College tems in central autonomic pathways. Outstanding candidates of Medicine (e.g., Physiology) and the Dalton in related areas also are encouraged to apply. The primary Cardiovascular Research Center, as appropriate. Applications research focus may vary, but the individual should have an should include a curriculum vitae, names of three references, active interest in applying information gained in molecular and a letter stating professional goals. Review of applications studies to functional aspects of neurohumoral control of the will begin on February 1, 2000, and continue until the posi- cardiovascular system. The successful candidate will exhibit tion is filled. Interested individuals should send a curriculum an active, well established, nationally recognized research vitae, statement of research interests, and three references to: program. A desire to lead research and training initiatives to Eileen M. Hasser, PhD, Dalton Cardiovascular Research integrate molecular biological with functional approaches Center, 134 Research Park, University of Missouri, related to neurohumoral control of the circulation is essential. Columbia, MO 65211-3300. Tel: 573-882-6125; Email: This position is a Mission Enhancement Initiative of the [email protected]. University in support of the existing excellence in neurohu-
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 441 Positions Available
Assistant Research Scientist: The University of Iowa Assistant Research Scientist: The University of Iowa Health Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Health Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Diseases Division, has an opening for an Assistant Research Cardiovascular Diseases Division is seeking an Assistant Scientist to perform basic independent research relating to a Research Scientist to perform basic research to advance wide range of molecular virology, specifically hepatitis A, knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved C, and G viruses. A person in this classification has the aca- in the function of baroreceptor and cardiac neurons and map demic knowledge of a discipline that is generally associated the neuroanatomical pathways of these neurons in vivo. with a Doctoral degree, or an equivalent professional The work will require expertise in the theoretical and degree, i.e., MD, DDS, or DVM. In addition, the person will methodological aspects of cellular electrophysiology and have demonstrated the ability to plan and execute a research confocal microscopy. A person in this classification has the study through some progressively responsible independent academic knowledge of a discipline that is generally associ- research work. Research experience in the area of molecu- ated with a doctoral degree or an equivalent professional lar hepatitis A virus, hepatitis C virus and hepatitis G virus; degree, i.e., MD, DDS, and DVM. In addition, the person graduate work in molecular hepatitis research; experience will have demonstrated the ability to plan and execute a with molecular biology and molecular methods used in the research study through some progressively responsible amplification, cloning, sequencing, sequence analysis of independent research work. A PhD in neuroscience and/or hepatitis viruses; and experience with biophysical charac- physiology, research experience in the area of cellular elec- terization of virus particles and vaccine development are trophysiology, neuroanatomical tracing methods, and con- desirable. Please send resume and cover letter indicating focal microscopy are desirable. Please send resume and #39345 to: Carol Wehby, Human Resources, Internal cover letter indicating #39333 to Carol Wehby, Human Medicine, E400 GH, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA Resources, Internal Medicine, E400 GH, 200 Hawkins 52242-1081. Women and minorities are strongly encour- Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081. Women and minorities aged to apply. [EOE/AA] are strongly encouraged to apply. [EOE/AA]
Faculty Positions, Physiology and Pharmacology: The Want your ad sent to over Department of Physiology and Pharmacology in the College of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Georgia invites 9,000 people? applications for two tenure-track positions at the Assistant or Associate Professor level beginning July 1, 2000, or thereafter. Successful candidates are expected to establish It’s easy! an active independent program of extramurally funded research and participate in veterinary medical and graduate teaching. We seek candidates who will complement the Ads are accepted for either positions available or posi- research strengths within the department and college. tions wanted under all categories. The charge for this Program strengths in the department include cell and molec- listing is only $75, effective January 2000. In addition to ular physiology, endocrinology, cardiovascular and renal being posted here, positions are also listed on the APS physiology, molecular pharmacology, reproductive physiol- Career Opportunities Web page (www.faseb.org/aps/ ogy, toxicology and neuroscience (http://www.uga.vet.edu/ career) until the deadline to apply has passed, or three vph). A DVM/PhD or PhD is required. Applicants should months, whichever comes first. submit curriculum vitae, statement of research interests, and If you would like to have your ad listed in The a list of three references to Dr. Scott Brown (sbrown@calc. Physiologist or on the APS Career Opportunities Web vet.uga.edu), Search Committee Chair, Department of page, the following items are needed: a copy of the ad, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary the name of a contact person, and either a purchase Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. order number, credit card number (with expiration date Applications received by February 15, 2000 are assured and name of cardholder), or billing address. Send the full consideration. The University of Georgia is an EEO/AA information to Melinda Lowy (e-mail: [email protected]. Institution. org; phone: 301-530-7165; fax: 301-571-8305).
442 The Physiologist Positions Available
Clinical Scientist: The University of Dundee, Departments Physiologist/Comparative Physiologist Tenure Track of Anatomy and Physiology and Biochemistry, is seeking a Position: The California State Polytechnic University, medically qualified Clinical Scientist (up to Registrar Grade Pomona, Department of Biological Sciences, seeks a 3) to work with Professor Michael Rennie on the control of Physiologist or Comparative Physiologist with the ability to human muscle protein synthesis by amino acids and con- teach system-level vertebrate physiology at the undergradu- tractile activity, and the role of eukaryotic initiation factors ate level. The successful candidate will have the potential (eIFs) in this. Both clinical and laboratory work will be for excellence in undergraduate teaching and for developing involved. This could give insights into the understanding of an externally-funded research program that will involve diabetes, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and other meta- undergraduate and master’s students. Teaching responsibili- bolic diseases. The 3-year post would suit a clinician (physi- ties will include components of established courses in com- cian or surgeon) who had obtained Membership or parative animal physiology and cell physiology and the Fellowship and wished to register for a higher degree (MD development of an upper-division course and a graduate or PhD). One year of the research will be considered for course dealing with one or more of the following systems: contributing towards Calman training and clinical sessions endocrine, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, in diabetes and endocrinology will be available if required reproductive, neural or muscular. Depending on the candi- and clinical sessions in other specialties could be arranged. date’s interest and experience these two courses might be Applications from doctors qualified in the EC or the USA taught from the general or comparative perspective and at would be welcome. The salary will be on the Clinical any level of organization from the systemic to the molecu- Academic scale (£23,300-£25,660). Starting date to be lar. Additional teaching assignments might include arranged: January 2000. Informal inquiries can be made to Introductory Biology. Candidates with research in all sub- Professor Rennie (email: [email protected], or m.j.ren- disciplines of physiology are encouraged to apply. A PhD in [email protected]) Tel: 1-409-770-6609 (US). Applications biology, physiology or related fields is required at the time in the form of a CV and covering letter (two copies of each), of appointment. Teaching and post-doctoral research experi- including the names and addresses of three referees, should ence are preferred. Assistant Professor position begins fall be sent to Janette Cordiner, Administrator, Wellcome Trust 2000. Our 35-member faculty offers BS degrees in five areas Building, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee DD1 and MS degrees to a total enrollment of 980 students. For 5EH quoting reference EST/421/90N. Closing date: more information see: www.csupomona.edu/~biology. December 31, 1999. The Medical Research Council has Applicants must send letter of intent, completed application recently awarded Co-operative Group status to a consortium form, curriculum vitae, three recent letters of reference, and of nine research groups in the Departments of Anatomy & two additional referees (with telephone numbers for all) to: Physiology and Biochemistry at the University of Dundee. Physiology Search Committee, Biological Sciences The Group seeks to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by Department, California State Polytechnic University, which eukaryotic cells sense nutrients, and the downstream Pomona, CA 91768-4032. Email: [email protected]. signalling events. Initial review of applicants will begin January 15, 2000, and continue until position is filled. An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.
Assistant Research Scientist: The University of Iowa and applicable experience in techniques employed for the Health Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious study of free radical reactions in biological systems is Diseases Division is seeking an Assistant Research Scientist required. Some (1-3 years) experience in culture of human to perform basic and/or applied research in the area of the cells and cell lines is desirable. Experience in the determi- role of free radical reactions in the pathogenesis of nation of free radical-mediated injury to cellular functions Pseudomonas aeruginosa-associated tissue injury with and with molecular biology techniques, particularly as they emphasis in part on the role of secretory products of the pertain to free radical biology, including but not limited to organism in this process. The person in this position will gene transfer and expression of antioxidant enzymes in cel- identify and select the areas to be studied, the approach to lular systems and Southern and Northern blot methodology them, and analyze the results obtained. A person in this clas- is desirable. Evidence of the ability to contribute signifi- sification has the academic knowledge of a discipline that is cantly to the publication of scientific papers in the field of generally associated with a doctoral degree or an equivalent free radical biology is desirable. Please send resume and professional degree, i.e., MD, DDS, and DVM. In addition, cover letter indicating #39327 to Carol Wehby, Human the person will have demonstrated the ability to plan and Resources, Internal Medicine, E400 GH, 200 Hawkins execute a research study through some progressively respon- Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081. Women and minorities are sible independent research work. Some (1-3 years) of direct strongly encouraged to apply. [EOE/AA]
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 443 Positions Available
Physiology Lecturer: Applications are invited from suit- from candidates with exceptional records of research ably qualified graduates in medicine or physiological sci- achievement outside these guidelines. Salary Scale: ences for a tenure-eligible Lectureship in the Department of £17,354-£42,869 per annum. Appointment will be made Physiology at University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, within the salary range £17,354-£35,025 per annum, at a tenable from October 1, 2000. Candidates should have point to accord with qualifications and experience to date. demonstrable experience in research and teaching and The Departmental profile and a job description for this post should hold a higher degree. The successful candidate will may be accessed via the Internet at have a good and broad knowledge of human physiology and http://www2.tcd.ie/Physiology. Further details of academic pathophysiology and must be prepared to teach at an under- aspects of the appointment may be obtained from the Head graduate level over a range of organ systems, as well as of Department, Professor C. Bell (Tel: +353-1-608-1076; undertaking research in the Department. Opportunities exist Fax: +353-1-608-1468; e.mail:[email protected]. Intending can- for clinical affiliations, if appropriate. Applications will be didates are invited to submit a full curriculum vitae, to particularly welcome from candidates whose background include the names of three referees, to: Establishment and interests will complement one or both of the experimen- Officer, Staff Office, Trinity College, Dublin 2. Tel: 608- tal key research areas in the Department– exercise physiolo- 1678; Fax: 677-2169; Email: [email protected] to arrive not gy (with current emphasis on cardiorespiratory adaptations, later than Friday, January 15, 2000. Website: muscle fatigue and biomechanics) and cellular communica- http://www.tcd.ie/Staff_Office. Trinity College is an Equal tion (with current emphasis on neuronal plasticity, develop- Opportunities Employer. ment and aging). However, applications are also welcome
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 444 People & Places
Marcus E. Raichle Receives Bristol-Myers Squibb Award for Distinguished Achievement
APS Member Marcus E. Raichle, MD, With the cognitive psychologist 1955, and received his medical degree is the recipient of the 12th Annual Michael Posner, Raichle mapped far from the same institution in 1964. He Bristol-Myers Squibb Award for more complex brain functions, breaking performed his internship and residency Distinguished Achievement in the down complex cognitive functions and in the Baltimore City Hospitals, served Neurosciences for creating brain imag- ascribing the component mental as Chief Resident in Neurology at New ing strategies to identify specific brain processes to specific brain regions. York Hospital/Cornell Medical Center, regions as centers for complex thought Raichle and his group also discovered and subsequently held the rank of processes. that the brain does not, as had been Major as a neurologist and flight sur- Raichle is Professor of Radiology, geon, in the United States Air Force. He Neurology and Neurobiology, and Co- came to Washington University in St. Director of the Division of Radiological Louis in 1971 as a Research Instructor; Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of became an Assistant Professor of Radiology, at the Washington Neurology at the University’s School of University School of Medicine in St. Medicine in 1972; and was named full Louis. Professor in Neurology (1978), Radi- In the early 1970s, Raichle developed ology (1979), Biomedical Engineering a method of positron-emission tomog- (1979) and Neurobiology (1993). He raphy (PET) scanning in the brain using was named co-director of the Division a form of water labeled with the rapidly of Radiological Sciences in 1995. decaying isotope oxygen-15. This Raichle’s numerous contributions to method allowed brain blood flow to be science have been recognized by his measured in just 40 s, and to directly election to the National Academy of relate a person’s behavior to changes in Sciences, the Institute of Medicine and a specific brain region. Raichle and the American Academy of Arts and colleagues used this technique in per- Sciences. In addition to holding posi- forming the first detailed functional tions on many peer-review journals, he mapping of the human visual cortex. Marcus E. Raichle has received the Paul C. Aebersold They later adapted the stereotaxy sys- Award of the Society of Nuclear tem of the French neuroradiologist Jean assumed, consume more oxygen during Medicine, the Decade of the Brain Talairach to determine the anatomical brief increases in mental activity. This Medal of the American Association of location of brain blood flow responses finding led Seji Ogawa, a researcher at Neurological Surgeons, the William within individuals—and to make com- Bell Labs, to propose a method of func- James Book Award of the American parisons across groups of subjects. tional magnetic resonance imaging— Psychological Association, the Charles Today, this system for performing and today, the most widely used technique A. Dana Award for Pioneering reporting functional imaging research, for assessing human brain function. Achievement in Health, and the Lashley both with PET and MRI, has been Raichle graduated from the Prize of the American Philosophical adopted worldwide. University of Washington in Seattle in Society. ❖
APS Members Elected to IOM
On October 12, the Institute of category of foreign associate member- and professor, department of physiolo- Medicine (IOM) announced the elec- ship established 11 years ago now totals gy and biophysics and department of tion of 55 new members, raising the 51 with the election of six this year. neurology, University of Iowa College total active membership to 588. In Two APS members were elected to of Medicine, Iowa City. addition, five people were honored by active membership, including: C. Kern Wildenthal, MD, PhD, direct election to senior membership, Kevin P. Campbell, PhD, investiga- president, University of Texas bringing that roll to a total of 695. A tor, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.
445 The Physiologist People & Places
Beyenbach Receives Germany’s Order of Merit Award
Germany’s highest al, educational and scientific collabora- Beyenbach, whose research focuses civilian award, the tion between the German and American on kidney function and ion transport Bundesverdienst- academic and research communities. across cell membranes in the kidney is kreuz (Officer of One of three founders of the Alexander supported by the National Institutes of the Cross of the von Humboldt Association of America, Health and the National Science Order of Merit), Beyenbach served as the organization’s Foundation, joined the Cornell faculty was conferred on second president from 1997-99. in 1978 and was named a professor of Cornell University All members of the American associ- physiology in 1989. He earned a PhD in Professor of Physi- ation are Humboldtians, as former par- zoophysiology (1974) from Washington ology Klaus W. ticipants in Humboldt Foundation pro- State University and served as a Fellow Beyenbach. grams are known. Since 1953 the of the National Kidney Foundation The award by German President Humboldt Foundation has sponsored (1974-76) at the University of Arizona Roman Herzog was presented to the study in Germany by more than College of Medicine. Beyenbach by Jürgen Chrobog, 19,000 scholars from some 125 coun- Beyenbach received a Humboldt Germany’s Ambassador to the United tries in highly competitive programs Research Award in 1992 and was a vis- States, in Oct. 29 ceremonies at the such as the Humboldt Fellowships and iting scientist at the Max Planck German Embassy in Washington, DC. the Humboldt Research Awards. There Institute for Molecular Physiology in Beyenbach was cited for his work on are some 4,500 Humboldtians in the Dortmund, Germany, from 1991 to behalf of the Alexander von Humboldt US, where 22 Nobel Laureates have 1992 working with Rolf and Eva-Maria Association of America. been Humboldt awardees. At Cornell, Kinne. At Cornell he teaches the senior- An offshoot of Germany’s Alexander 70 Humboldtians are members of the level course Mammalian Physiology, as von Humboldt Foundation, the faculty and research staff of the univer- well as renal physiology in the veteri- American association was formed in sity. nary medicine curriculum. ❖ 1995 to promote scholarly, profession-
Deceased Members Bruno Balke Wallace G. Frasher Cheng-Chun Lee Grand Junction, CO Dallas, TX Washington, DC Theodor H. Benzinger Pierre M. Galletti Gary P. Moberg Bethesda, MD Providence, RI Davis, CA Kao Liang Chow Harper K. Hellems Robert L. Moss Stanford, CA Jackson, MS Dallas, TX Paul Churchill Oliver P.J. Heroux Shih H. Ngai Detroit, MI Aylmer, Quebec Teaneck, NJ D. Harold Copp Lerner Hinshaw Saroja K. Reddy Vancouver, British Columbia Roseville, CA Davenport, IA William W. Douglas Suk Ki Hong Richard W. Schayer Hamdeu, CT Buffalo, NY Spring Valley, NY Humberto Fernandez-Moran Frederic T. Jung William A. Weber Stockholm, Sweden Evanston, IL Pasadena, CA Irving Y. Fishman Nathaniel Kleitman Charles A. Winter Grinnell, IA Santa Monica, CA Woodinville, WA Roy P. Forster Edward H. Lanphier Hanover, NH Madison, WI
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 446 People & Places
Moving to the Department of Pharmacology, SUNY at Buffalo, Richard L. Evans has accepted a posi- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Amherst, NY. tion with Unilever Research, Port University of New Mexico, Albuquer- Sunlight Laboratory, Bebington, Wirral, que, NM, Steve F. Abcouwer has left Nisha Charkoudian has left the England. Prior to his new position, the Surgical Oncology Research Labs, Department of Physiology, University Evans was with the Center for Oral Massachusetts General Hospital, of Texas Health Science Center, San Biology, Rochester Institute of Boston, MA. Antonio, TX. Recently, Charkoudian Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, NY. has joined the Laboratoire De Ronald F. Abercrombie has moved to Physiologie, Faculty of Medicine, Accepting a position with the the Department of Physiology, Emory Universite De D’Angers, Angers, Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University, Atlanta, GA. Prior to his France. University School of Medicine, new position, Abercrombie was with Winston Salem, NC, Candice D. Fike the Department of Physiology and Accepting a position in the Human has left the Department of Pediatrics, Biophysics, University of Washington, Performance Laboratory of the School Medical College of Wisconsin, Seattle, WA. of Health & Human Performance, East Zablocki VA Research Service, Carolina University, Greenville, NC, Milwaukee, WI. Previously with the Department of Ronald N. Cortright has left the Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Division of Endocrinology & Internal Henry Jay Forman had previously University of New England College of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA. held a position in the Department of Medicine, Biddeford, ME, Ahmmed Molecular Pharmacology and Toxic- Ally recently joined the Massachusetts Jeffrey Duerr has moved from the ology, University of Southern Califor- College of Pharmacy and Health Science Department, Warner Pacific nia, Los Angeles, CA. Currently, Sciences, Boston, MA. College, Portland, OR, to the Forman is in the Department of Department of Biology and Chemistry, Environmental Health Sciences, School Affiliating with the Department of George Fox University, Newberg, OR. of Public Health, University of Alabama Physiology and Basic Sciences, Lake at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Having left the Ludwig Institute Cancer Erie, PA, Mark Anthony Andrews has Research, Uppsala, Sweden, Ellen V. Freund has recently joined the moved from the Department of Muhammad Emaduddin recently Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Preclinical Medical Education and joined the Department of Physiology, Department, Harvard University, Physiology, New York College of University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN. Cambridge, MA. Prior to her new posi- Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY. tion, Freund was at Stanford University, Formerly with the Department of Pacific Grove, CA. Margaret E. Ardelt was formerly asso- Cardiology, University Hospital, ciated with the Department of University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Stewart B. Gottfried has affiliated Physiology, Dartmouth Medical Germany, Georg Ertl has recently with the Respiratory Division, Royal School, Lebanon, NH. Ardelt has joined the Bayerischen Clinic, Julius Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada. recently affiliated with the Department Maximilians University at Wurzburg Previously, Gottfried was associated of Physical Education, University of Medical Clinic, Wurzburg, Germany. with the Respiratory Division, Montreal Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN. General Hospital, Montreal, Canada. Ana Yesenia Estevez has joined the Stephane Claude Baudet has affiliated Anesthesiology Research Division, Having moved from the Department of with the Department of Internal Vanderbilt University Medical School, Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Intervet Pharma R&D, Nashville, TN. Prior to her new assign- Pediatrics, Tulane University Medical Beaucouzé, France. Prior to her new ment, Estevez was affiliated with the Center, New Orleans, LA, David Gozal assignment, Baudet was with the Department of Physiology, Wayne State is presently Director, Kosair Children’s Department of Pharmacology, Intervet University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI. Research Institute, Department of International, Boxmeer, The Netherlands. Pediatrics, Louisville, KY. Having accepted a position with Anindya Bhattacharya has moved to Medronic Inc, Minneapolis, MN, David John D. Griffin is currently in the Eli Lilly and Co., Lilly Corporate E. Euler has left Angeion Corporation, Department of Biology, College of Center, Indianapolis, IN. Bhattacharya Brooklyn Park, MN. William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA. was formerly with the Department of
447 The Physiologist People & Places
Prior to his new post, Griffin was asso- University School of Medicine, St. Gerontology Research Center, ciated with the Biology Faculty, Sacred Louis, MO, Wendy M. Kohrt is NIA/NIH. Johns Hopkins Bayview Heart University, Fairfield, CT. presently affiliated with the Department Medical Center, Baltimore, MD. of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Affiliating with the Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Having moved from the Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, York Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO. Physiology, University of Tennessee, University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Memphis, TN, David Mendelowitz has Tara Little Haas has left the Having completed training at St. Luke’s accepted a position with the Department of Pathology, Yale Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia Univer- Department of Pharmacology, George University, New Haven, CT. sity, New York, NY, Wolfgang M. Washington University, Washington, DC. Kuebler has recently returned to Jong-Sik Hah is spending a sabbatical Munich, Germany at the Institute for Allison Wineloff Miller has accepted a year at the Department of Physiology Surgical Research, University of position with the Department of and Biophysics, College of Medicine Munich. Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake and Biomedical Sciences, State Forest University School of Medicine, University of New York, Buffalo, NY. Having left the Pulmonary Division, Winston Salem, NC. Prior to her new Hah is from the Department of University of Texas Medical Branch, position, Miller was with the Clinical Physiology, Ewha Womans University, Galveston, TX, Samuel T. Kuna has Pharmacy Program, Medical College of College of Medicine, Seoul, South joined the Department of Medicine, Georgia, August, GA. Korea. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA. Recently, Patricia E. Molina accepted Joining Searle’s Department of a position with the Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, George V. Lauder has accepted a posi- Physiology, Louisiana State University St. Louis, MO, Amy Halseth has left tion with the Organismal & Medical Center, Shreveport, LA. Prior the Department of Molecular Evolutionary Biology and Zoology to her new position, Molina was associ- Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Department, Harvard University, ated with the Brookhaven National University Medical School, Nashville, TN. Cambridge, MA. Lauder was previous- Laboratory, North Shore University ly affiliated with the Department of Hospital, Upton, NY. Affiliating with the Department of Cell Ecology & Evolution, University of & Molecular Physiology, University of California, Irvine, CA. Having moved from the Department of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, Human Kinetics, University of Jaclyn R. Holda was formerly with the Having accepted a new assignment with Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Jay Naik is Department of Physiology, Loyola the Department of Pathology, the now affiliated with the University of University Medical Center, Maywood, IL. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, New Mexico School of Medicine, PA, Youhua Liu has left the Renal Albuquerque, NM. Victor W. Hurst, IV has joined the Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Labor- Providence, RI. Formerly with the Department of atory, NASA-Johnson Space Center, Physiology and Biophysics, University Houston, TX. Prior to his new position, Maureen Jane MacDonald is current- of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, Holly Hurst was affiliated with the ly with the Department of Kinesiology Krull Patton has moved to NASA Department of Physiology and Cell & Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier Headquarters, Office of the Inspector Biology, Albany Medical College, University, Waterloo, Canada. Prior to General, Washington, DC. Albany, NY. her new position, MacDonald was with the Department of Kinesiology, Nancy J. Pelaez has accepted a position Formerly connected with the Section of McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, with the School of Natural Science and Nephrology, Yale University School of Canada. Mathematics, California State Medicine, New Haven, CT, Peter University, Fullerton, CA. Prior to her Igarashi has joined the Division of Recently, Taylor J. Marcell has joined new position, Pelaez was with the Nephrology, University of Texas the Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Physiology and Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX. University of Texas Medical Branch, Biophysics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN. Having moved from the Department of Galveston, TX. Prior to his new posi- Internal Medicine, Washington tion, Marcell was affiliated with the
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 448 People & Places
Karen M. Ridge has recently joined Currently, Maria Isabel Tejero is with Thomas’ School of Biomedical the Department of Medicine, North- the Department of Internal Medicine, Sciences, London, UK. Widdicombe western University, Chicago, IL. Prior Division of Cardiology, Medical was formerly with the Division of to her new assignment, Ridge was a College of Virginia, Richmond, VA. Physiology, Sherrington School of Postdoctoral Fellow at the Michael Prior to her new position, Tejero was at Physiology, UMDS Guy’s & St. Reese Hospital, Chicago, IL. the Department of Integrative Physi- Thomas’s Hospital Campus, London, UK. ology, University of North Texas Health Accepting a position with Bourne Science Center, Forth Worth, TX. Having joined the Department of Research Laboratory, Weill Medical Exercise Sciences, University of College, Cornell University, White John X. Thomas, Jr., has joined the Mississippi, University, MS, James S. Plains, NY, Gary J. Schwartz has Office of Medical Education, Williams has left the Department of moved from the Department of Northwestern University Medical Physiology, University of Arizona, Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School, Chicago, IL. Prior to his new Tucson, AZ. Johns Hopkins University School of appointment, Thomas was with the Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Department of Physiology, Loyola Darryn S. Willoughby recently has University Medical Center, Maywood, IL. joined the Department of Kinesiology, Sinclair Allan Smith has recently Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, accepted a position with the Accepting a position with the Weis TX. Prior to his new affiliation, Department of Occupational Therapy, Center for Research, Danville, PA, Willoughby was with the Department of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Dorothy E. Vatner is no longer affiliat- Sports Medicine, University of Prior to his new affiliation, Smith was ed with the Cardiovascular & Southern Maine, Portland, ME. with the Occupational Therapy Pulmonary Research Institute, Alle- Department, Belmont University gheny University of the Health Having affiliated with the Department School of Sciences, Nashville, TN. Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA. of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Claudette Marie St. Croix was previ- Currently the Assistant Professor of the Haven, CT, Xiang Wu has moved from ously associated with the Department of Department of Health, Physical the Department of Biochemistry and Preventive Medicine, University of Education, and Recreation, South Molecular Biology at Medical College Wisconsin, Madison, WI. Recently, St. Dakota State University, Brookings, of Georgia, Augusta, GA. Croix joined the Department of SD, Michael D. Vukovich was former- Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh ly Clinical Research Director for School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA. Experiment and Applied Sciences, Golden, CO. Michael James Stonerook has accept- ed a position with Parke-Davis Pharma- Yanlin Wang recently joined the ceutical Research, Ann Arbor, MI. Department of Cardiovascular Research Previously, Stonerook was with the Program, Biomedical Biotechnology Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH. Research Institute, Durham, NC. Wang Joining the Department of Endocrin- was originally affiliated with the ology & Internal Medicine, University Department of Internal Medicine, of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, John S. University of Texas Medical Branch, Striffler has left the Department of Galveston, TX. Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabol- ism, City of Hope National Medical Yoshio Watanabe has affiliated with Center, Duarte, CA. Chiba Tokushu-kai Hospital, Funa- bashi, Japan. Previously, Watanabe was Anna Marie Taylor has joined the at the Toyota Regional Medical Center, Department of Kinesiology, Colorado Toyota, Aichi, Japan. University, Boulder, CO. Prior to her move, Taylor was with the Department John G. Widdicombe has joined the of Exercise Science, University of Division of Physiology & Aerospace California, Davis, CA. Medicine, Guy’s, King’s and St.
449 The Physiologist News From Sr. Physiologists
Letter to Stephen Cain “In 1955 my husband and I moved to Thomas A. Leshwrites:“Thank you Chicago where he joined the depart- for your letter inquiring about my pres- ment of Medicine at Northwestern ent activities at age 70. University Medical School. I finished a “Iam fully retired from scientific one-year internship,passed the Illinois work,and am happy to be following up State licensing examination,and then on various other interests that I previ- “Looking back over the last few became a Research Fellow in the ously couldn’t spare enough time for. years,I can say that the mini-medical Department of Ophthalmology at Our new country home,on a hillside school (both the adult and the high Northwestern while trying to decide surrounded by woods,is a satisfying school) programs have proven to be whether to go into clinical ophthalmol- place to live; it provides plenty of enormously successful. Indeed,many ogy or,if my pending NIH research opportunities for healthful exercise as of the major hospitals in the area have grant was successful,try my hand at well as quiet comtemplation. I perceive mounted similar programs. For those basic science. At this time,the late that time passes more quickly as the who are interested,I would be happy to Professor Richard Jones of the years pile up,and I suspect that the real share with them the details of what we Electrical Engineering Department of reason is a slowing of my own ‘proces- have done. How to get started. My Northwestern’s Engineering School had sor’.” e-mail address is:[email protected] collaborated with two members of the “I can’t close without a word about Physiology Department,John Gray and Letter to Eugene Renkin my three gorgeous grandchildren and Fred Grodins,both now deceased. They J. Leonard Brandtwrites:“I returned my two physician offspring. One is a published a noteworthy paper in the to the US in 1979 after twenty years as successful child psychiatrist in New field of respiratory physiology,using an Physician-in-Chief of the Jewish York,and the other is Head of the engineering approach. This was one of General Hospital,a major undergradu- Glaucoma service at UC-Davis and a the first examples of a cooperative ate teaching unit of McGill Medical member of the APS. Those five plus a effort between engineers and life scien- School in Montreal,Canada. I had left remarkable and beautiful wife makes tists and encouraged Professor Jones’ the Downstate Medical Center in retirement a time for delightful reminis- plan to open a new area of study in the Brooklyn for the move to Canada. Back cences. AND THAT,MY FRIENDS,IS Engineering School—mathematical and in the US,again I took up the post of WHAT IT IS ALL ABOUT.” engineering analysis of biological sys- Physician-in-Chief of the Hebrew tems. One of his goals was to apply his Home and Hospital in Hartford, Letter to Michael Bárány keen understanding of control and feed- Connecticut,a major Geriatric teaching Christina Enroth-Cugell writes: back systems to the visual system,and unit of the University of Connecticut “Thank you very much for asking me to in particular to the behavior of single Medical School. After ten years (in contribute a brief ‘look back’to the visual neurons. In pursuit of this goal he 1989) I finally retired at the over-ripe ‘News From Senior Physiologists’sec- visited the head of the Ophthalmology age of seventy. tion. Like so many other people of my Department looking for somebody with “Since retiring I have kept up a busy vintage my career has been one of two experience recording from single visual schedule of teaching,in spite of the rav- countries and two continents. Two neurons. The topic of my PhD thesis ages that time has had on my health. I events profoundly affected my profes- was temporal properties of cat retinal am on three times per week of sional life:1) leaving Sweden for the ganglion cells. When my grant applica- hemodialysis,which removes about fif- USA,and 2) spending my professional tion was funded I was asked to set up a teen hours out of every week. I fill in the life in the company of engineers. I laboratory in the Engineering School on free time left available with organizing received both my MD and PhD degrees Northwestern’s Evanston campus rather the Mini Medical School for the inter- at the Karolinska Institutet in than in the Medical School in Chicago. ested adults of the community. The pro- Stockholm. My subsequent clinical Thus,quite by chance,I ended up gram is modeled after the adult pro- training in ophthalmology and a PhD in spending 40 years in Northwestern’s gram, which originated at the visual neurophysiology were completed Biomedical Engineering program,one University of Colorado. at the same institution. In 1953,I met of the first of its kind in this country. “A few years ago I adapted the adult my husband during a postdoctoral fel- The program expanded quite rapidly program to the local inner city high lowship at the Biology Department at and in 1985 became a full fledged, school juniors and seniors who are rec- Harvard and then moved to this country. independent department of Biomedical ommended to us by their science teach- That I then fell in with engineers Engineering. ers as those students who would most occurred quite by accident,and “In the early 1960s beginning engi- likely benefit from the exposure. occurred in the following manner. neering students had very little back-
Vol.42,No.6,1999 450 News From Sr. Physiologists ground in life sciences. Thus, during my graduate students. This I do for my own which turned out to be significant in the first years in the Engineering School I enjoyment and as a means of slowing breathtaking advances of diagnostic and gave formal classes in basic mammalian down the aging process. interventional tools for the treatment of anatomy and physiology. In the lab I “If I learned anything during all the heart disease. Among the topics spent much time teaching students how years of experiments that lasted many addressed in our laboratory at the to put a cat to sleep with an intravenous long hours throughout the day and night Cedars Sinai Medical Center (LA) were injection, how to tell the difference and about writing papers with co-work- myocardial perfusion and ischemia, between a vein, an artery and a nerve, ers it is this: it may be very desirable, reperfusion, retroperfusion, and various etc. The graduate students in turn intro- perhaps even necessary, to have one or modes of echocardiography. Many pub- duced me to the difference between lin- several ‘geniuses’ in your group, but lications reviewed our progress over the ear and non-linear systems, what feed- you cannot survive and progress with- years. back was, and encouraged me to take out also having what I call ‘real human “During the last decade, I first calculus courses, which I did. In the fall beings’ as colleagues.” worked on books and chapters, recapit- of 1962 the late Fergus Campbell of the ulating the most recent research. Thus, Physiology Department at Cambridge Letter to Arthur Baue for several years, I kept in touch with University joined the biomedical group Menard Gertler writes: “I taught research efforts in America and as a visiting professor in the Electrical Physiology at McGill following my throughout the world. Keen interest in Engineering Department. He was a graduation and then I headed south to striking new advances continues, but Fourier analysis fan and highly enthusi- MGH under the tuteledge of the late the latter portion of the decade was astic about using temporally and spa- Paul Dudley White. McGill is honoring devoted to an altogether different issue, tially modulated sinusoidal stimuli in me this year with a Doctor of Science, even while my wife and I enjoyed our visual experiments. A year after his honoris causa. In addition, the Regius family (5 grandchildren) and a very return to England Campbell ‘shipped’ Professor of Medicine from Oxford active creative agenda. his former graduate student, John University, Sir David Weatherall, is also “I had promised myself in the mid- Robson, together with John’s home- being honored. 1940s to eventually address a difficult made grating stimulator, to do cat reti- “I am now at New York Hospital- topic, partly because of the loss of a nal ganglion cell experiments with me. Cornell, Division of the New York childhood friend, who went through the It was thanks to these two remarkable Hospital-Cornell-Presbyterian ghetto-Auschwitz-slave labor route. In individuals that my laboratory ‘took Columbia Union! Still teaching, etc. the mid-90s, I began to intensively off.’ Their enthusiasm was endless, both “It was good of you to recognize my study documentation and sources of of them were remarkably good ‘per- octogenarian event and even more con- information on aspects of the brutal son-to-person’ teachers who patiently siderate to write me about it.” Holocaust. One aspect was the estab- explained to me the basics of quantita- lishment by the Nazis of ‘propaganda’ tive physiology, thus opening an entire- Letter to Arthur Vander ghetto in Theresienstadt (near Prague), ly new world to me. Hopefully, I did Samuel Meerbaum writes: “Thank which actually turned out to be a trans- reciprocate, to some degree, by teaching you and the APS Committee on Senior shipment camp, feeding victims to them something about mammalian sur- Physiologists for the greetings on the Auschwitz and other death camps. A gery, anesthesia, and maintenance of occasion of my 80th birthday. I suppose second investigation concerned the ter- the animal’s physiological condition most of us ‘four score’ seniors go rible period of 1944 in Hungary, when during experiments that lasted from one through a similar mental process Eichmann and his gang sent several to three days. The papers resulting from reviewing, yet starting to place behind hundred thousand Jews to be gassed in their work at Northwestern stimulated us, the active professional years while Auschwitz/Birkenau, but when a dedi- individuals from this country and from developing a new, hopefully creative, cated Wallenberg and other courageous other continents to come and work in agenda. individuals helped save some 150,000 my laboratory as postdoctoral fellows “Mine was a research career, split Budapest Jews. I have been setting and graduate students in numbers large evenly between exciting developments down my findings and conclusions in enough to keep me busy until 1989 in Aerospace and Propulsion, and later various write-ups. A third and most when I officially retired. Since then the on equally satisfying investigations in recent research concerns Jewish life in engineering school has generously the field of Cardiology. I tried to apply WW II ghettos, and the Nazi inhumani- allowed me to keep my office. I contin- my knowledge in bioengineering and ty of forcing designated Jewish leaders ue to work with both my successor, particular aspects of physiology, and to make up lists and facilitate the vic- John Troy, and with his and with other was very lucky being involved in areas tims’ deportations.
451 The Physiologist News From Sr. Physiologists
“If I were to address young col- highest priority on remuneration at this work should be integrated into a fuller leagues active in one of the many areas stage. agenda, encompassing a satisfactory so well represented by the APS, FASEB “2) In this highly complex and compet- family life and involvement in commu- or America’s Heart Organizations, here itive world, try to be as open and unbi- nity affairs. This country will benefit if is what I would say. ased as you can be toward the work of more scientists will make an effort to “1) Having selected the field you wish others and advances you may not have communicate to our political leaders to be active in, dedicate yourself fully been involved in. Conversely, in pre- their views on any number of signifi- and with an open mind to study and senting your contributions, do give cant National issues. actively participate in advancing our appropriate credit to related work previ- “Thank you again, and please forgive understanding of processes and devis- ously carried out by others. my setting down my response on our ing sound applications. Do not place “3) Keep in mind that your professional word processor.” ❖
Book Reviews
Atlas of Sleep Medicine in eds.). This new atlas has a broader child? Why not organize the polygraph- agenda: to provide overall information ic examples so that the reader can more Infants and Children. for individuals developing pediatric easily follow the changes related to Stephen H. Sheldon, Susan Riter, and sleep laboratories. Section I of the book age? At times it seems that the authors Mark Detrofan (Editors) deals with the standard and recom- were overwhelmed by the demands of Armonk, NY: Futura Publishing Co., mended recording montage. Section II the project. As the authors stated, how- 1999, 288 pp., illus., index, $150. discusses how to investigate breathing ever, this book is a first step. The atlas ISBN: 0-87993-423-9 during sleep both in the home and in the brings important information and exam- lab. Section III discusses and looks at ples to anybody interested in children’s Although pediatric sleep medicine is examples of aftefacts. Section IV focus- sleep. Practitioners who are interested making inroads to bring needed care to es on specific sleep disorders. The in learning about pediatric sleep and its many young individuals, there are very authors indicate that this is a first pathology now have a manual to help few reference books devoted to the sub- attempt to fill a void in the field, and at them get started, and they may find ject. The Atlas of Sleep Medicine in times it shows. One might question why themselves consulting the pages of this Infants and Children is aimed at assist- so much importance is given to artefacts volume more than they would have ing practitioners in caring for children when examples of many pathological thought, checking artifacts, EEG who suffer during their hours of sleep. entities are missing. In some of the pre- recordings and polygraphic abnormali- In 1971, under the auspices of NFNDS, sented examples, the child’s age at the ties against those printed here. And the the first atlas for scoring states of sleep time of the example is unclear. In addi- use of six or eight EEG leads in many of and wakefulness in the newborn was tion, the selection of certain recording the examples will show to those who edited by Anders, Emdee, and techniques seems arbitrary at times, and rely on only a few recorded channels Parmalee. Since that time, only one some techniques are completely omit- what one may miss with too much of a similar effort has been attempted: the ted (esophageal pressure monitoring, reductionist attitude. ❖ Manual of Methods for Recording and for example). The overall organization Analyzing Sleep-Wakefulness States in is at times difficult to follow. Why not Pre-term and Full-term Infants (L. present “normal sleep” following the Christian Guilleminault Curzi-Dascalova and M. Mirmiran chronological development of the UCSF Stanford Health Care
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 452 Book Reviews
Concepts of Human facts likely to be forgotten within hours. chapter begins with a list of objectives, While this is a novel idea, it is exactly an outline, and a well written introduc- Physiology what we need. The physics community tion which places the coming topics in a Richard L. Malvin, Michael D. now has several conceptual physics larger perspective. At the end of each Johnson, and Gary M. Malvin books available which are transforming chapter there is a summary, a set of Addison Wesley Longman science education. As a result of these straightforward homework questions, 1997, 450 pp., illus., index, $49.00 books, physics has become a popular and a section called “Applying What ISBN: 0-673-98562-8 course. For those of you who feel that You Know.” The questions in this last physiology is crucial information for section impressed me, they are quite This text is, refreshing, and I will argue, the general citizen, I maintain it is provocative, obviously designed to desperately needed. Why? Mostly, for going to be either this book or a similar encourage thought, curiosity, and depth. what it lacks—a dense mat of trivia one which will widen the cognoscenti While this book may be used by which entangles the student, an octopus from a select few, to include all high teachers in a one-semester course, as of bolded words holding them back as school and college graduates. Shouldn’t the total number of pages is 411, I am they try to learn. As teachers, we should everyone have a good sense of how reminded that the number of concepts carefully look at our students, ask our- their body works? Why are so many in this book is identical to one twice its selves what we are trying to teach, and physiology courses avoided at all costs size. It is true that here they are then take a good hard look at our text- by undergraduates? It is easy enough to explained more clearly, but I suspect a books. In terms of what we want stu- teach to a deeper level where we, as few chapters will have to be skipped. I dents to learn, most of us would list a individuals, feel it is needed, or have the can easily envision this book being used handful of concepts, and then want the students look something up; in contrast, in a year-long course with minimal students to be sufficiently fluent in it is very difficult to help the struggling enrichment by the professor, for exam- these to apply them to real life situa- student pick out the major ideas from ple analysis of newspaper clippings, or tions. This book truly focuses on con- many of our encyclopedic texts. extra assigned articles, or experiments. cepts; as one reads, one finds the text This text contains everything needed For those of you who are interested in explaining; explaining the nature of the for a first course in physiology. The teaching a physiology course which underlying physical and chemical prin- standard major topics are covered. The focuses on learning key concepts, that ciples, explaining how new ideas fit illustrations are excellent, extremely is, one which tries to maximize what into a larger whole. Frequently, details clear, again suggesting that the authors the students take away from a course, are left out, for instance, delayed recti- are genuinely interested in communi- this text is definitely worth a look. Be fier, voltage-sensitive potassium chan- cating concepts. Electron micrographs careful though, you might be soon nels. I would argue that the authors are numerous and well chosen. There teaching more sections. have wisely practiced restraint, creating are a fair number of clinical photo- a book where the ideas pop out; unen- graphs, illustrating the medical impor- Steven Eiger cumbered by trivia which confuses, and tance of various discoveries. Each Montana State University - Bozeman
The Physiological Basis of complexity of the material available to easily recognized (by the experienced be taught. Their task is enviable, how- clinician) and which illustrate critical Primary Care ever, because physiology, the study of physiological points. The explanation Patrick Eggena function, is immediately and obviously of the clinical problem is usually brief. Carmel, NY: Novateur Medmedia relevant to students as they set their The main purpose of presenting the 1998, 745 pp., illus., index, $59.95. sights on attempting to understand dis- case is to introduce the student to the ISBN: 0-9663441-0-3 ordered function. Hence in many ways material in such a context as to con- physiology stands at the gateway to a vince him or her that the physiological One of the great challenges to instruc- rational understanding of disease mech- lessons to follow are, in fact, relevant to tors of basic science courses in medical anisms. Eggena has captured the patient care. schools is to help students learn an essence of this challenge and its oppor- In general, the strategy works well. enormous amount of information in a tunities. Each of the 29 chapters in this Particularly good examples are those of short period of time. Instructors in textbook starts with a case presentation Sheehan’s Syndrome for introduction physiology have a both difficult and of a patient who has a specific clinical of the physiology of pregnancy, chronic enviable task. Their task is difficult problem. To his credit Eggena has cho- obstructive pulmonary disease and asth- because of the ever-increasing mass and sen classic medical problems that are ma presentation before an introduction
453 The Physiologist Book Reviews to pulmonary physiology, compensated my view it could be used in several tion. For example, polyethylene is not congestive heart failure for an introduc- parts of a medical curriculum. Most water-permeable (page 2-9) but cello- tion to cardiac physiology, central dia- logically it would fit into the introduc- phane is water-permeable. On page 2- betes insipidus as an introduction to tory years of the basic science curricu- 18, the author asserts that the chloride water metabolism and the countercur- lum. The strength and the focus of this concentration in most cells is at its elec- rent system. Other attempts at using a textbook is most clearly on physiologi- trochemical equilibrium. To the con- case to introduce the material seem cal mechanisms and its breadth and trary, most cells have a chloride concen- forced. One particular example in depth is sufficient to structure an entire tration that is well above its electro- Chapter Two is a case of congestive course. These days, as medical educa- chemical equilibrium. Unfortunately, heart failure which is used to introduce tion comes under increasing scrutiny introducing the correct fact at this par- the concepts of membrane transport. and re-evaluation, medical educators ticular time in the textbook raises rather Although I am quite fond of the princi- may wish to consider using this text- difficult conceptual obstacles to a ples of membrane transport and could book in courses that bridge clinical straightforward flow of simple ideas. therefore be accused of being biased, medicine and the basic sciences. Used This volume has all of the advantages these physiological processes are so in this way, this textbook could supple- and few of the disadvantages of a sin- basic that they could apply to almost ment the use of those focusing on spe- gle-authored textbook. There is consis- any disease. For this chapter and per- cific clinical disciplines. tency of presentation and style which haps one or two others, I would have Another valuable use for this book renders the flow of logic easier for the eliminated the case report introduction. would be for physicians interested in reader to anticipate and recognize. The author accomplishes well what maintaining or improving their grasp of Hence the key concepts can be assimi- he sets out to do. The classic concepts basic physiology as it applies to medi- lated rapidly. I looked for specific dis- of physiology are clearly presented in cine. Instructors involved in teaching advantages of a single-author volume. the context of real life patient-related clinical medicine to third and fourth- Overall the breadth and the depth of the problems. The figures (all black and year medical students and residents presentation in each of the specific white) are clear and supplement the text may find that the discussions of many areas were appropriate. Each of the well. Key words and phrases are printed of these physiological processes pro- important topics was covered in ade- in bold and identify the important vide valuable basic information to sup- quate detail. Those subjects that were vocabulary for the students. The organ- plement their methods of teaching not covered, (blood formation, muscu- ization of the textbook proceeds in a young physicians how to take care of loskeletal mechanics), are often covered highly logical fashion. The introductory patients. In this regard, the inclusion of in other course material and do not rep- chapters on membrane transport are fol- the words ‘primary care’ in the title resent any serious deficiency. lowed by chapters on cardiovascular should not be interpreted to indicate My general assessment of this text- physiology, pulmonary physiology, that this is a textbook for the specialty book is that it should be of great assis- renal fluid and electrolyte physiology, of family practice. This is clearly a solid tance in helping students master the key GI physiology, temperature regulation, textbook of physiology. physiologic concepts in such a way as endocrine physiology, and muscle and This textbook is certainly not perfect. to be available for their application to nerve physiology. The pages are indi- Some of the clinical presentations are real clinical problems. Teachers of clin- cated by chapter (i.e., 18-6) rather than presented in non-standard ways. For ical medicine will find this book useful being numbered sequentially. This example, on page 8.3 the author asserts for reviewing basic physiology for organization works well when one ‘congestive heart failure is a symptom’. teaching the application of these con- wishes to use the index to identify dis- I would argue that congestive heart fail- cepts. Finally, students should find it cussion of certain topics. On each page ure is a syndrome, not a symptom. refreshing to have real clinical exam- of the index is a list of the chapters so These days, first year medical students ples on which to form their understand- that one immediately knows which page will probably bring this to the attention ing of the physiological basis for dis- reference is associated with a discus- of any instructor attempting to defend eases. sion of which organ system. the author’s position. Where does this textbook fit in the Several facts are incorrect and will John B. Stokes broad scheme of medical education? In need to be addressed in the next addi- University of Iowa
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 454 Book Reviews
Taking Women Seriously In 1970, M. E. Tidball first published Currently there is a robust debate both her statistically-based research on the within the educational policy frame- Lessons and Legacies for role played by womens’ colleges in work and at the national level concern- Educating the Majority forging future women achievers. This ing the perceived oversupply of PhDs in M. Elizabeth Tidball, Daryl G. Smith, landmark contribution became a the sciences. Many graduate training Charles S. Tidball, and Lisa E. Wolf- Citation Classic and served as a catalyst programs now provide courses in non- Wendel. to the emerging field of the significance traditional career trajectories, i.e., path- Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 1999, 222 of mentorship/role models in pedagogic ways outside the classic aca- pp., illus., index, $29.50 formulations. These findings ran count- demic/tenure prototype. The previously Series on Higher Education er to the thrust of the time for coeduca- noted predominant influence of wom- ISBN: 1-57336-092-8 tional access. This book analyzes the ens colleges on the performance of their research generated in the past thirty graduates remains a potent factor in that “The critic leaves at curtain fall years together with the legacies and les- several recent reports document a 6:1 To find, in starting to review it sons derived, and seeks to present char- overrepresentation of that cohort of bac- He scarcely saw the play at all acteristics of an effective model in the calaureates in successful corporate For watching his reaction to it” coeducational environment, thus maxi- America, with similar disproportions on E. B. White mizing the potential of women students. boards of Fortune 500 companies and The book is coherently organized to even within the halls of Congress. An The above quotation accurately portrays suit the needs and specific priorities of institutional ethos, conscious of and the likely response of any senior woman interested readers. Part 1 recapitulates focused on the core objective of educat- scientist/educator perusing this sophis- the history of womens’ colleges and ing women for leadership, is obviously ticated body of work for the first time. documents their diminished market critical to this measure of success. The four authors of this volume hail share of the available student pool. In Of interest is the assessment that from diverse disciplinary milieux and Part 2 the pioneering methodology M. institutional success in this enterprise is different generational perspectives, but E. Tidball introduced, i.e., disaggregat- closely aligned with certain essential bring their talents to bear on current ing data by gender and institutional characteristics, e.g., a critical mass of critical policy questions in higher edu- classification, is pivotal in reviewing women in all constituencies, opportuni- cation. This book seeks to articulate and more recent studies. Charles Tidball is ties for womens leadership in all aspects clarify educational/environmental fac- the creator of the longitudinal Small of collegial life are clearly paramount tors and patterns which are essential College Demographic Database, a valu- factors. Of considerably, and surpris- underpinnings in the development and able national resource. The major linea- ingly lesser import are profile character- full empowerment of achieving women. ments and striking correlations sustain- istics such as admissions selectivity, Despite increased access to higher edu- ing their conclusions are clearly and substantial endowment portfolios and cation by women in the past three succinctly conveyed in a series of tabu- lavish levels of faculty compensation decades it remains clear that full accept- lar and graphical formats, e.g., bac- (Table 13, p. 141). Visionary academic ance, recognition of, and rewards for calaureate institutions identified as a leadership and dedicated commitment women in the professions is still lack- Who’s Who list of productivity leaders. to positive interactions and outcomes ing. The gender gap in scientific faculty A framework and contextual guidelines are of primary significance. salaries has actually increased between for the practical application of these The two senior authors, here Charles 1972 and 1992. During which period, principles to all institutions of higher Tidball and M. E. Tidball, were trained the same gender gap in the general and learning is presented in Parts 3 and 4. as physiologists, and sustained success- professional workforce decreased. In Of particular interest to the readership ful academic careers in our discipline. the era of outcomes research coupled of this journal is the striking correlation Their rigorous experimental approach with economic pressures in managed (r=0.953, P<0.005) between the num- to perplexing questions in the social sci- academia the substantive research and ber of women faculty in an educational ences reflect their conjoint credentials. accompanying recommendations and institution and the number of women The configurations of their research conclusions presented here should be earning science or medical doctorates designs is elegantly explained for edu- required reading for any academic and/or cited in a national register of cators by recounting the 1730 method- administrator whose responsibilities career achievement. This study defini- ology of the Rev. Stephen Hales in include the provision of sound experi- tively establishes the principle that the recording the first direct observations ences and nurturant opportunities for more women faculty on campus the and measurement of mammalian blood women in higher education, including more women students become achiev- pressure. graduate and medical schools. ers, regardless of institution type.
455 The Physiologist Book Reviews
While it is possible to perceive a cen- and promulgated here, are of enduring industry and women in college are now tral theme in this work, which could be value to all who are stakeholders in the in the majority. dismissed as the modernization of the higher education of women. Even power of ancestral sororities, the lega- though the academy, per se, may be Marie Mullaney Cassidy cies and lessons which continue to work nearing the end of an expansionary peri- The George Washington University well for women students, articulated od, higher education is still a mammoth
Books Received
Comparative Testicular Biology Orthopaedics: Principles of Basic Regulation of Acid-Base Status in Animals. and Clinical Science. in Animals and Plants. Sardul S. Guraya. Felix Bronner and Richard V. Worrell S. Egginton, E.W. Taylor, and J.A. Enfield, NJ: Science Publishers, 1999, (Editors). Raven. (Editors). 369 pp., illus., index, $95.00. New York: CRC, 1999, 296 pp., illus., Society for Experimental Biology ISBN: 1-57808-066-5. index, $79.85. Seminar Series 68. ISBN: 0-8493-9237-3. New York: Cambridge University Press, Mitochondrial Inhibitors and 1999, 380 pp., illus., index, $105.00. Neurodegenerative Disorders. The Physiology and Biochemistry ISBN: 0-521-62317-0. Paul R. Sanberg, Hitoo Nishino, and of Prokaryotes, 2nd Edition. Cesario V. Borlongan (Editors). David White. Sturkie’s Avian Physiology, 5th Edition. Totowa, NJ: Humana, 2000, 328 pp., New York: Oxford University Press, G. Causey Whittow (Editor). illus., index, $125, 00. 1999, 565 pp., illus., index, $59.95. San Diego, CA: Academic, 1999, 685 ISBN: 0-89603-805-X. ISBN: 0-19-512579-7. pp., illus., index, $89.95. ISBN: 0-12-747605-9.
Announcements
Medical Faculty of University in Banja Luka Looking for Equipment
The Medical Faculty of the University in Banja Luka, part of 10) Practicum and plan and program from some USA Bosnia Herzegovina, is looking for equipment assistance fol- Medical faculty lowing the country’s war. Below is a list of items and contact 11) Faculty textbook information. We would also be pleased to organize a visit for some APS 1) Computers (software for practical and theoretical lectures); professors to our Department. We use computers from the computer center that provides needs of the whole clinic center, while the Department does Centar Adravstvenog Informativnog Sistema not have its own computer, Katedra Z Fiziologiju 2) System for isolated organ perfusion, Zdrave Korde BR.8 3) ECG - portable- one channeled Banja Luka 78000 4) Photoelectric plethysmograph Bosna-Hercegovina (Republika Srpska) 5) Blood gas analysis apparatus (PO2 and PCO2 ), as well as Email: [email protected]; the machine for measuring the concentration of the ions [email protected]. 6) Microscopes of all kinds 7) Apparatus for coagulation studies Amela Matavulj Zvjezdana Rajkovaca 8) Perimeter and indirect ophtalmoscope Zoran Pavicevic Pedja Kovacevic 9) "Sound fork" for hearing examinations
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 456 Announcements
Wellcome Visiting Professorships FASEB 2000 Summer Research in the Basic Medical Sciences Conferences Announced 2000-2001 The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology invites nominations from US medical schools, uni- The 2000 FASEB Summer Research Conferences will be versities and other nonprofit scientific research institutions held in Saxtons River, VT, Copper Mountain, CO, and for Wellcome Visiting Professorships in the Basic Medical Snowmass Village, CO. Sciences. Institutions are strongly encouraged to include The schedule for the Conferences has been posted on among their nominations eminent women scientists and the FASEB web site at http://www.faseb.org/meetings/src. eminent minority scientists for Professorships. Individuals The preliminary programs and an application and abstract cannot apply for this program. For application procedures form that can be submitted electronically, will be posted and information, contact Rose P. Grimm, Executive Office, in March. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, For more information, contact [email protected] or 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3998. Tel: 301- [email protected]. 530-7090; fax: 301-530-7049; Email: rgrimm@execofc. faseb.org. Deadline for institutions to apply is March 1, 2000. Sponsored by The Burroughs Wellcome Fund.
Call for Nominations FASEB Excellence in Science Lecture and Award 2001 Purpose: To recognize outstanding achievement by women copies of not more that five (5) reprints, must accompany the in biological sciences. nomination. Eligibility: 6) Additional letters of support 15 copies of each for the 1) All women who are members of one or more of the soci- nominee are optional but are encouraged. eties of FASEB will be eligible for nomination. 7) The nominations and supporting letters are to be sent to: 2) Nominations will recognize a woman whose research has Ms. Leah C. Valadez contributed significantly to further our understanding of a FASEB Excellence in Science Award particular discipline by excellence in research. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Nominations: 9650 Rockville Pike 1) Nominations may be made only by members of the Bethesda, MD 20814-3998 FASEB Societies. Tel: 301-530-7092 2) A call for nomination of candidates for the Excellence in Selection: The Excellence in Science Award Committee, Science Award will be posted in the newsletters of the invi- comprised of a member from each society of the Federation, didual Societies as well as the FASEB Newsletter and The will receive the nominations and recommend an awardee the FASEB Journal. based on an evaluation of scientific accomplishments. The 3) The call for nominations will be made each year in awardee must agree to present an Excellence in Science November. The nomination deadline is March 1, 2000. Lecture. The name of the awardee and a summary of the The nomination will be transmitted to the FASEB Board candidate’s qualifications will be sent to the FASEB Board before its May meeting. for approval at the May meeting. 4) Nominations must be made in the form of a letter, origi- Award Presentation: The award will be presented before nal and fifteen (15) copies, setting forth in detail: presentation of the Excellence in Science Lecture by the the contributions to the field that represents the nominee’s awardee. The award will be presented by the Chair of the outstanding achievement in science Excellence in Science Award Committee or her representa- leadership and mentorship tive in conjunctioin with a member of the FASEB Board. evidence of national recognition The award includes a $10,000 unrestricted research grant, honors and awards funded by Eli Lilly and Company, travel expenses, compli- 5) Fifteen (15) copies of the curriculum vitae and brief mentary registration at the meeting, and a plaque in recogni- selected bibliography of the nominee, as well as fifteen (15) tion of the award.
457 The Physiologist Announcements
Breakthroughs in Bioscience Articles Available from FASEB
FASEB’s Breakthroughs in Bioscience articles are available 4) Cardiovascular Disease and the Endothelium from the Office of Public Affairs. While these articles are 5) Unraveling the Mystery of Protein Folding accessible at FASEB’s website, http://www.faseb.org/opar/ 6) Helicobacter pylori and Ulcers: a Paradigm Revised opar.html, additional printed copies are available, which may 7) Cloning: Past, Present and the Exciting Future be ideal for use when speaking to lay audiences or educators. FASEB has disseminated these articles to a wide variety of This diverse series of articles reflects the varied expertise organizations and individuals, including members of and interests of our member societies and is intended to pro- Congress, congressional staffers, members of the press, think mote an understanding of how basic biomedical research tanks, patient advocacy groups, journalism schools, outreach leads to disease prevention and advancements in treatment. organizations, state education associations, text book pub- The series includes the following articles: lishers, and individuals requesting copies. 1) Science, Serendipity, and a New Hantavirus Requests for the article may be place by phone at 301-571- 2) Blood Safety in the Age of AIDS 0657 or email: [email protected]. 3) The Polymerase Chain Reaction
New Slide Units in Clinical and Undergraduate Teaching Projects The American Gastroenterological Association announces planned units on this topic, from the Undergraduate Teaching the release of new slide units in both the Clinical and Project. This release includes 112 slides covering current Undergraduate Teaching Projects. The new units are Acute concepts and principles of neurogastroenterology in relation Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Second Edition, Neurogastro- to motor functions of the specialized organs and muscle enterology and Motility, and Development of the Human groups of the digestive tract. It is currently available for $135. Gastrointestinal System. Development of the Human Gastrointestinal System Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding, from the Clinical includes 83 slides covering the development of form and Teaching Project, has been completely redone for this second function of the human GI tract from the time of conception edition. This long-awaited unit contains 112 new slides cov- until birth. ering both upper and lower GI bleeding and completely To order any of the slide units, contact the distributor, rewritten text and references. The cost is $150. Milner-Fenwick, Inc. at 800-432-8433. Neurogastroenterology and Motility is the first of three
FASEB Summer Research Conference Lung Surfactant: Cellular and Molecular Biology July 1-6, 2000 Saxtons River, Vermont Organizers: Aron B. Fisher, Jo Rae Wright and Philip Synthesis, and Protein Processing and Function; Ballard Secretion, Extracellular Transformations, Topics: Transcriptional Regulation of Surfactant Edocytosis/Recycling; Host Defense, Manifestations of Proteins. Surfactant Synthesis. Surfactant Protein Disease, Replacement Surfactants. Processing and Function. Surfactant Secretion. Additional speakers, chosen from submitted abstracts, will Extracellular transformation of Surfactant. be selected to give short talks. Endocytosis/Recycling. Host Defense. Manifestations of For additional information and an application, contact: Disease. Replacement Surfactants. FASEB Summer Research Conferences, 301-571-0650; Posters: Transcriptional Regulation, Surfactant Email: [email protected]
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 458 Announcements
Applications Sought For Postdoctoral And Senior Research Associateship Awards The National Research Council announces the 2000 Financial support is provided for allowable relocation Postdoctoral and Senior Research Associateship Programs to expenses and for limited professional travel during the dura- be conducted on behalf of over 120 research laboratories tion of the award. The host laboratory provides the Associate throughout the United States representing nearly all US with programmatic assistance including facilities, support Government agencies with research facilities. The programs services, necessary equipment, and travel necessary for the provide opportunities for PhD, ScD or MD scientists and conduct of the approved research program. engineers of unusual promise and ability to perform research Applications, submitted directly to the National Research on problems largely of their own choosing, yet compatible Council, are accepted on a continuous basis throughout the with the research interests of the sponsoring laboratory. year. Those postmarked by January 15 will be reviewed in Initiated in 1954, the Associateship Programs have con- February, by April 15 in June, and by August 15 in October. tributed to the career development of over 8000 scientists Initial awards will be announced in March and April—July ranging from recent PhD recipients to distinguished senior and November for the two later compeetitions—followed by scientists. awards to alternate candidates later. Approximately 350 new full-time Associateships will be Information on specific research opportunities and partici- awarded on a competitive basis in 2000 for research in: pating federal laboratories, as well as application materials, chemistry; earth and atmospheric sciences; engineering, may be obtained from our web site at http://www.national- applied sciences and computer science; life and medical sci- academies.org/rap or by contacting: ences; mathematics; space and planetary sciences; and National Research Council Associateship Programs physics. Most of the laboratories are open to both US and (TJ 2114/D3) 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW non-US nationals, and to both recent doctoral recipients and Washington, DC 20418 senior investigators. Fax: (202) 334-2759 Postdoctoral awards are made for one or two years, renew- Email: [email protected] able for a maximum of three years; senior applicants who have held the doctorate at least five years may request short- er periods. Annual stipends for recent PhD recipients for the DEADLINES FOR APPLICATION: 2000 program year range from $30,000 to $50,000 depend- JANUARY 15, APRIL 15 AND AUGUST 15, 2000 ing upon the sponsoring laboratory, and will be appropriate- Qualified Applicants will be reviewed without regard to ly higher for senior award recipients. race, creed, color, age, sex or national origin.
Online Career Development Center Offers Practical Advice About Science Careers
How can aspiring scientists obtain advice on funding, arrang- The Career Development Center is a complement to the ing a postco, setting up their own labs, or navigating the peer biomedical funding database GrantsNet at http://www. review process? There is a new web resource to help post- grantsnet.org, which was launched by the American doctoral students and others find answers to such questions as Association for the Advancement of Science and the Howard these. The “Career Development Center,” part of Science’s Hughes Medical Institute in 1998. Both resources are free, NextWave, will provide practical advice about science and offer powerful online tools for graduate students, post- careers. It can be accessed at http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/ doctoral researchers, and faculty members. feature/careercenter.shtml.
459 The Physiologist Announcements
Second Annual Real-Time 3D Imaging and Volume Rendering: Principles, Techniques, and Clinical Applications Date: March 10-12, 2000 3D Virtuoso workstation. Sponsor: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Credit: 15 credit hour in Category 1 of the Physician’s Department of Radiology Recognition Award of the AMA; The American Society of Location: Hyatt Regency Orlando International Airport, Radiologic Technologists recognizes Category 1 for Category Orlando, Florida A credit for the radiologic technologist Description: The introduction of Spiral CT, followed closely Fee: $300 for Physicians; $275 for Residents, Fellows and by the introduction of subsecond (.75) CT and now followed Technologists by the introduction of multidetector CT, provides the radiol- For Further Information contact: Office of Continuing ogist with the unprecedented capability of acquiring high res- Medical Education olution volume CT data sets. These data sets represent far Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine more than a series of individual scans but hold the key to a Turner 20, 720 Rutland Avenue new paradigm in imaging, true volume imaging with 3D dis- Baltimore, MD 21205-2195 play. Although the use of 3D or three-dimensional imaging Phone: 410-955-2959 has been around for two decades, it is only with the introduc- Fax: 410-955-0807 tion of workstations like the 3D Virtuoso, with its real-time Email: [email protected] volumetric imaging, that the radiologist can create highly Web: http://www.med.jhu.edu/cme detailed three-dimensional images that can be used for both Please contact the Office of Continuing Medical Education at better patient diagnosis and clinical management. Time will the above address if you have any questions. be allotted for participants to have hands-on training on the
Critical Issues in Tumor Microcirculation, Angiogenesis and Metasis: Biological Significance and Clinical Relevance A Continuing Education Course Rakesh K. Jain of Harvard Medical School and Professor, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Massachusetts General Hospital is offering a Continuation Technology Education summer course entitled “Critical Issues in Tumor Robert S. Kerbel, PhD, Tory Professor of Experimental Microcirculation, Angiogenesis and Metasis: Biological Ocncology, University of Toronto, and Director, Biological Significance and Clinical Relevance.” The purpose of the Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Science Center course is to present the latest research findings in cancer Erkki Ruoslahti, MD, President, Burnham Institute, research. It will be held June 5-8, 2000 at the Harvard LaJolla, CA Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Ian Tannock, MD, PhD, Professor of Medicine and MA. Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Comprehensive Faculty who will be teaching are: Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Canada Harold F. Dvorak, MD, Mallinckrodt Professor of Bruce R. Zetter, PhD, Professor of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, and Chief of Pathology, Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Children’s Hospital. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center This course meets the criteria for 22 credit hours in catego- Judah Folkman, MD, Andrus Professor of Pediatric ry I of the Physician’s Recognition Award of the American Surgery and Professor of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Harvard Medical Association. Medical School and Children’s Hospital For information contact: Ms. Carol Lyons, Administrator, Rakesh K. Jain, PhD, Cook Professor of Tumor Biology, Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School: Director, Steele Laboratory for Boston, MA 02114. Phone: 617-726-4083 Fax: 617-726- Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital; and 4172.
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 460 Scientific Meetings and Congresses
2000 Aging, Little Rock, AR. Information: William J. Evans, February 12-16 PhD, 11th International Conference on the Biochemistry of 44th Annual Meeting of Biophysical Society, New Exercise, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Orleans, LA. Information: Biophysical Society, 9650 Office of Continuing Education, 4301 West Markham Slot Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814. Tel: 301-530-7114; 525, Little Rock, AR 72205. Email: evanswilliamj@ fax: 301-530-7133; email: [email protected]; exchange.uams.edu; Internet: http://www.uams.edu/ Internet: http://www.biophysics.org/biophys. biochem2000/.
March 1-4 June 5-8 Neuroprotection and Neurorepair - Cellular and Critical Issues in Tumor Microcirculation, Aniogenesis Molecular Mechanisms International Conference in com- and Metasis: Biological Significance and Clinical bination with a technical workshop, Magdeburg, Relevance (15th Annual Course Offering), Boston, MA. Germany. Information: Professor Georg Reiser, Institut fuer Information: Carol Lyons, Administrator, Radiation Neurobiochemie, Otto-von Guericke Universitat Magdeburg, Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany. Tel: +49-391- 02114. Tel: 617-726-4083; fax: 617-726-4172. 6713088; fax: +49-391-6713097; Internet: http://www.fan- magdeburg.de/neurorepair June 9-11 Cerebral Blood Flow: Quantifying Consciousness (5th March 27-30 Annual Symposium), Pittsburgh, PA. Information: Michael International Conference on Physiological and cognitive R. Pinsky, MD, 604 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Performance in Extreme Environments, Canberra, Pittsburgh, PA 15261. Tel: 412-647-5387; fax: 412-647-8060; Australia. Information: Dr. Tony Lau. Tel: +61-3-9626-8475; email: [email protected]. fax: +61-3-9626-8410; email: [email protected]. gov.au July 17-21 Millennium Congress of International Society for April 3-8 Autonomic Neuroscience, London, UK. Information: ISAN 21st Annual Gravitational Physiology Meeting of the Congress Secretariat, Congress House, 65 West Drive, International Society for Gravitational Physiology, Cheam, Sutton, Surrey SM2 7NB, UK. Tel: +44-208-661- Nagoya, Japan. Information: Tadaaki Mano, MD, PhD, 0877; fax: +44-208-661-9036; email: [email protected]; Dept. of Autonomic Neuroscience, Research Institute of Internet: http://www.conforg.com. Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. Tel: +81-52-789-3881; July 30-August 4 fax: +81-52-789-3885; email: [email protected]; 9th International Conference on Environmental Internet: http://www.isgp.org. Ergonomics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany. The integrative physiological, biomedical, & engineering May 13-16 approach. Information: Prof. Werner. Tel: +49-234- Pediatric Academic Societies and American Adacemy of 7005442; fax: +49-234-7094117; email: icee2000@bio- Pediatrics Joint Annual Meeting, Boston, MA. med.ruhr- uni-bochum.de; Internet: http://www.biomed.ruhr- Information: Debbie Anagnostelis, APS-SPR Central Office, uni-bochum.de/icee2000.html. 3400 Research Forest Drive, Suite B-7, The Woodlands, TX 77381. Tel: 281-419-0052; fax: 281-419-0082; email: September 6-10 [email protected] XIth International Vascular Biology Meeting, Geneva, Switzerland. Information: IVBM 2000, c/o MCI Group SA, May 15-26 Rue de Lyon 75, 1211 Geneva 13, Switzerland. Tel: +41-22- International Course on Laboratory Animal Science, 345-3600; fax: +41-22-240-2363; email: anne-lise@mcitrav- Utrecht, The Netherlands. Information: Prof. dr. L.F.M. el.com. van Zutphen or Mr. Stephan van Meulebrouck, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, September 7-13 PO Box 80.166, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands. Tel: 2000 Pre-Olympic Congress, International Congress on +31-30-2532033; fax: +31-30-2537997; email: Sports Science, Sports Medicine and Physical Education, [email protected]. Brisbane, Australia. Information: Amanda Costin, 2000 Pre-Olympic Congress, C/-Queensland University of June 4-7 Technology, Human Movement Studies, Locked Bag 2, Red 11th International Conference on the Biochemistry of Hill, Queensland 4059, Australia. Tel: +61-7-3864-5824; fax: Exercise -- Molecular Aspects of Physical Activity and +61-7-3864-9690; email: [email protected].
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 461 How to Apply for Membership...
One application form serves all mem- Qualifications for Regular Qualifications for Affiliate and bership categories. There are however, Membership Student Membership specific sets of instructions for each category. Therefore, it is essential that The following categories are used In general, applicants will be consid- sponsors and applicants carefully fol- when evaluating an application: ered for Affiliate membership if they low the specific instructions in their have an interest in fostering the mis- desired category. 1. Education. sion and aims of the Society, but do Send no money now. You will receive Applicants who possess an advanced not have evidence of scholarly work in a dues statement upon election to degree (Ph.D., D.V.M., M.D., etc.); the physiological sciences. membership. however individuals who hold a mas- Applicants will be considered for ters degree will be considered on a General Instructions Student membership if they are case-by-case basis. actively engaged in physiological work. No individual may remain in Check the box indicating the category 2. Occupation. this category for more than five years, of membership for which you are Applicants should have a full-time without reapplying. applying. Type the requested informa- position in physiology or related area, tion on the application. Fill out all in an academic department, or industri- Sponsors applicable spaces. Only completed and al or government laboratory. The appli- signed applications will be reviewed. cant may be an independent investiga- Primary responsibility for membership Do NOT include a curriculum vitae or tor, postdoctoral or clinical fellow, or rests with the two sponsors who must reprints. research scientist. sign the form and be Regular members of the Society (an Honorary Member The Bibliography should be submitted 3. Contributions to Physiological may substitute for one Regular mem- in the form found in the American Literature. ber). Sponsors should discuss the Journal of Physiology. Applications The applicant's bibliography is evaluat- appropriateness of the class of mem- with incomplete bibliographies will be ed on the basis of publications in bership with prospective applicants. returned. An example of the current major, refereed journals. Emphasis is form is: given to papers published as the result Two sponsors must sign an application of original research on topics judged to form. A letter concerning the candi- be primarily physiological in nature. date's qualifications is optional, and JONES, A.B., and C.D. Smith. Effect perhaps best suited to those instances of organice ions on the neuromuscular 4. Special Considerations. when a sponsor wishes to document an junction in the frog. Am. J. Physiol. This category permits the Membership applicant's independence or unique 220:110-115, 1974. Committee to acknowledge an appli- accomplishments. cant's unique accomplishments and Mailing Address Deadline Dates scholarly contributions to physiology outside of research. The accomplish- Applicants for Regular membership Completed applications for Regular ments should result from the appli- should mail the original application membership are considered for nomi- cant's talents, interests or background. signed by two sponsors, plus 7 copies nation by the Council three times per In such instances, a sponsor should to: year. Affiliate and Student applications submit a letter reviewing any are accepted monthly upon approval of special considerations. Membership Secretary the Executive Director of the Society. The American Physiological Society Applications are not complete until all In general, persons who qualify for 9650 Rockville Pike materials are received. Regular membership will have a doc- Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3991 toral degree in physiology or related area and will have published at least Applicants for Student or Affiliate one paper in a peer-reviewed journal. membership should mail the original application only to the Membership Secretary at the address shown above.
Send no money now. You will receive a dues statement upon election to membership.
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 462 MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION FORM THE AMERICAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY Tphys10.99 Check membership category you are applying for: ❑ Regular ❑ Affiliate ❑ Student Do you currently hold membership in the APS? ❑ Yes ❑ No If you answered yes to above, what is your category of Membership?______Year elected?______Name of Applicant: ______/______/______Last Name or Family Name First Name Middle Name
Date of Birth______/______/______Optional: Male ❑ Female ❑ Month Day Year Institution Name______Department______
Institution Street Address______City/State/Zip/Country______Phone______Fax______E-mail______
EDUCATIONAL STATUS *(Important: if you are enrolled as a student, include the degree and pending date of completion) Dates* Degree* Institution Major Field Advisor
DOCTORAL DISSERTATION TITLE (if applicable):______
______
POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH TOPIC (if applicable):______
______SPONSORS (Sponsors must be APS Members. If you are unable to find sponsors, mail or fax this form to the address on the back of this form and we will locate them for you.)
Check this box if applicable: ❑ Please locate sponsors on my behalf.
#1 Sponsor Name______#2 Sponsor Name______Mailing Address______Mailing Address______Phone______Phone______Fax______Fax______
E-mail______E-mail______Sponsor Signature*______Sponsor Signature*______
*signature indicates that sponsor attests applicant is qualified for membership.
þ Please turn over for 2 more questions...and mailing instructions.
Vol. 42, No. 6, 1999 463 Membership Application (Continued...) Applicant Last Name (please print)______
OCCUPATIONAL HISTORY [ Check if student ❒ ]
Current Position: Dates Title Institution Department Supervisor
Prior Positions: Dates Title Institution Department Supervisor
LIST YOUR PUBLICATIONS FROM THE PAST 5 YEARS (List them in the same style as sample below). Sample: Cheung, Stephen S., and Tom M. McLellan. Heat acclimation, aerobic fitness, and hydration effects on tolerance during uncompensable heat stress. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(5): 1731-1739, 1998.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION: Do not include a curriculum vitae or reprints. Mail your application to: Membership Services Department, The American Physiological Society 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3991 (U.S.A.) Send no money now: You will receive a dues statement upon approval of membership.
Approval Deadlines: Regular membership applications are considered for approval by the Council three times per year. Student and Affiliate membership applications are accepted monthly upon approval of the Executive Director of the Society.
Questions? Call: 301-530-7171 ■ Fax: 301-571-8313 ■ E-mail: [email protected] ■ Web: www.faseb.org/aps
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464 The Physiologist