GB/2134/ B PIC PERSONAL PAPERS WILLIAM PICKLES (1912 to 1998)
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The Perfect Food and the Filth Disease: Milk-Borne Typhoid and Epidemiological Practice in Late Victorian Britain
Downloaded from The Perfect Food and the Filth Disease: Milk-borne Typhoid and Epidemiological Practice in Late Victorian Britain http://jhmas.oxfordjournals.org JACOB STEERE-WILLIAMS Program in the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, University of Minnesota, MMC #506 Mayo Building, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. This article explores the initial set of epidemiological investiga- tions in Victorian Britain that linked typhoid fever to milk from dairy at University of Minnesota,Walter Library Serial Processing on March 16, 2010 cattle. Because Victorian epidemiologists first recognized the milk-borne route in outbreaks of typhoid fever, these investigations served as a model for later studies of milk-borne scarlet fever, diphtheria, and perhaps tuber- culosis. By focusing on epidemiological practices conducted by Medical Inspectors at the Medical Department of the Local Government Board and Medical Officers of Health, I show that Victorian epidemiology was committed to field-based, observational methods that defined the profes- sional nature of the discipline and its theories and practices. Epidemiological investigations of milk-borne typhoid heated up several important public health debates in the second half of the nineteenth century, and demonstrate how Victorian epidemiology was not solely wedded to examining population studies using statistical methods, as his- torians have typically argued, but also relied on observational case-tracing in individuals, animals, and even environments. KEYWORDS: Britain, Victorian, epidemiology, public health, milk, typhoid fever. N 1872, Alfred Haviland stated that “typhoid fever is now a national disgrace; we ought not to rest until we reduce it to one Isimply local or personal; its existence will then become JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND ALLIED SCIENCES # The Author 2010. -
Training for General Practice
WILLIAM PICKLES LECTURE 1990 ...But now what? Some unresolved problems of training for general practice WILLIAM McN STYLES The young doctor's question The title for this lecture comes from that of a poem by Ogden Nash,3 Good riddance -but now what? The poem itself is very short, written at the end of the old year for the beginning of the new: 'Come children, gather round my knee; Something is about to be. Tonight's December thirty-first, Something is about to burst. The clock is crouching, dark and small, Like a time bomb in the hall. Hark, it's midnight children dear. Duck! here comes another year!' For me, this poem, sums up many of the uncertainties that face us at significant points in our lives and careers. When I read it, there comes to my mind a picture of the young men and women who, on completion of their vocational trianing, wait apprehensively on the threshold of their new lives as principals Introduction in general practice. There they stand their pockets bulging with statements of satisfactory completion - brimming over WILLIAM Pickles died over 20 years ago in 1969. Never- with prescribed or even equivalent experience; each clutching theless it is not difficult to get a clear idea of the sort of a Joint Committee on Postgraduate Training for General Prac- man and doctor that Pickles was. His concern for his patients tice certificate like some sort of security blanket. and his enthusiasm for research and learning shine through the What lies ahead for them and what are their thoughts as they pages of his writings, and his life has been sensitively portrayed ponder on two recent government white papers that will have for us by John Pemberton.I His achievements over the years direct and dramatic effects on their lives, as well as the new con- were great - particularly his contributions to understanding the tract to add to the unknown? Perhaps as they are saying 'Good epidemiology and infectivity of Bornholm disease, dysentery, riddance - but now what?', we might say to them 'Duck! here influenza and infectious hepatitis. -
Historical Perspectives on Rural Medicine
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON RURAL MEDICINE The proceedings of two Witness Seminars held by the History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, on 29 January 2010 and 3 September 2015 Edited by C Overy and E M Tansey Volume 61 2017 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2017 First published by Queen Mary University of London, 2017 The History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183. ISBN 978 1 91019 5222 All volumes are freely available online at www.histmodbiomed.org Please cite as: Overy C, Tansey E M. (eds) (2017) Historical Perspectives on Rural Medicine. The Proceedings of Two Witness Seminars. Wellcome Witnesses to Contemporary Medicine, vol. 61. London: Queen Mary University of London. CONTENTS What is a Witness Seminar? v Acknowledgements E M Tansey and C Overy vii Illustrations and credits ix Abbreviations xiii Introduction Professor Geoffrey Hudson xv Transcripts Edited by C Overy and E M Tansey The Development of Rural Medicine c.1970–c.2000 3 The History of Rural Medicine and Rural Medical Education 83 Biographical notes 155 References 169 Index 183 Witness Seminars: Meetings and publications 191 WHAT IS A WITNESS SEMINAR? The Witness Seminar is a specialized form of oral history, where several individuals associated with a particular set of circumstances or events are invited to meet together to discuss, debate, and agree or disagree about their memories. The meeting is recorded, transcribed, and edited for publication. This format was first devised and used by the Wellcome Trust’s History of Twentieth Century Medicine Group in 1993 to address issues associated with the discovery of monoclonal antibodies. -
The William Pickles Lecture, 1969 Education After the Royal Commission* JOHN HORDER, M.A., B.M., B.Ch., M.R.C.P., M.R.C.G.P
The William Pickles Lecture, 1969 Education after the Royal Commission* JOHN HORDER, M.A., B.M., B.Ch., M.R.C.P., M.R.C.G.P. THERE must be many in this room who have known William Pickles personally and have lost a friend. I met him only twice and briefly, so that I must see him chiefly through his own writings and the writings of others about him. But it is my privilege to give this year, just after his death, the lecture which this College has created to per- petuate his memory. I am very much aware of the great honour bestowed on me and of my own inadequacy for the task. William Pickles was born in Leeds in 1885. His father was a general practitioner and so were four of his five brothers. He was educated at Leeds Grammar School and had his medical training at Leeds General Infirmary. There he impressed Lord Moynihan who took a special interest in him. He first went to Aysgarth as a locum in 1912 when he was 27. After a short absence he returned to the same practice as second assistant with Dr Dean Dunbar, a friend from student days. He had firmly decided by now what sort of practice he wanted, after seeing many varieties as a locum. So it was in 1913 that he settled in the place and the work which he carried on for 53 years, except for his service in the Navy in the first world war. In his writings he speaks often ofthe happiness of his life there, "It is a hard rough life, but intensely satisfying for those cut out for it",-. -
William Pickles: Een Van De Eerste Huisarts-Epidemiologen
Beschouwing William Pickles: een van de eerste huisarts-epidemiologen Wim Opstelten, Ted van Essen, Theo Verheij William Pickles was plattelandsdokter in het Britse Wens- leydale en een van de grondleggers van epidemiologisch onderzoek in de huisartsenpraktijk. Nauwgezet registreerde hij de incidentie en verspreiding van infectieziekten, zoals waterpokken en geelzucht. De huidige SARS-CoV-2-pande- mie onderstreept het grote belang van het bron- en contact- onderzoek waarin Pickles pionierde. William Norman Pickles wordt in 1885 geboren in Leeds als tweede in een gezin van 6 zoons. Hij komt uit een medische familie. Zijn vader is huisarts. Pickles’ grootvader combineer- de de functie van beheerder van een lokaal postagentschap met die van drogist. In een tijd waarin dokters schaars en duur waren, behandelden drogisten kleine kwalen. Ook aan moeders zijde waren er veel artsen. Na zijn middelbare school in Leeds begint Pickles in 1902 de studie geneeskunde aan het Yorkshire College, doet hij zijn coschappen in het Leeds Gene- ral Infrmary en behaalt hij in 1910 in Londen zijn artsenbul. DE EERSTE JAREN ALS HUISARTS In de eerste jaren na zijn studie werkt Pickles als waarnemer, zowel in de stad als op het platteland. Vooral in de stedelijke ge- bieden heerst zo veel armoede dat patiënten hun dokter niet of nauwelijks kunnen betalen, waardoor huisartsen zich genood- zaakt zien tot het voeren van grote praktijken. Toch glijden ze William Pickles (1885-1969), door velen beschouwd als de ‘grand old niet zelden ook zelf af in armoede en overmatig drankgebruik. man of general practice’. Foto: Wikipedia De National Health Service zal pas in 1948 ingevoerd worden. -
Epidemic Respiratory Infection in a Rural Population with Special Reference to the Influenza a Epidemics of 1933, 1936-7 and 1943-4
[ 469 ] EPIDEMIC RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN A RURAL POPULATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE INFLUENZA A EPIDEMICS OF 1933, 1936-7 AND 1943-4 BY W. N. PICKLES, F. M. BURNET* AND NORMA MCARTHUR* (With 1 Figure in the Text) The country district with which this paper deals is The almost total absence of poverty is a marked a part of Wensleydale in the North Riding of feature of the district and standards of living and Yorkshire where one of us has been in general comfort are high. Medical Practice for 34' years. The data used for this study were obtained from Wensleydale is a broad valley running west and the records of all infectious disease in the area which east watered by the River Yore (or Ure) into which have been kept by one of us since April 1931. As flow tributaries from three side dales on the south. previously described by Pickles (1939), each case is There is no considerable town in this area and the marked on squared paper by an appropriate symbol 3200 inhabitants live in villages which vary in size in the space corresponding to the day of onset. The from mere hamlets to those housing 300 to 400 area has been divided into eight villages or groups inhabitants. There is a number of scattered farms of adjacent villages, each unit having a population and the height of these and the villages is from 600 of a few hundred persons ranging from 272 to 628, to 1000 ft. above sea-level. the population figures being those of 1931. -
Covering Upper Wensleydale from Wensley to Garsdale Head Plus Walden and Bishopdale, Swaledale from Keld to Gunnerside Plus Cowgill in Upper Dentdale
Jack Sutton Covering Upper Wensleydale from Wensley to Garsdale Head plus Walden and Bishopdale, Swaledale from Keld to Gunnerside plus Cowgill in Upper Dentdale. 1 Guest Editorial My eldest daughter, who lives in London, is recovering from the virus and she said that she Sitting at my desk this morning, looking out had never felt so ill in her life, with a fever of over the fell-side where the new lambs are 104 and a constant hacking cough. Now, nearly chasing one another, the pandemic that is three weeks since the symptoms first appeared claiming so many lives seems to be happening she has just about enough energy to go for a in another universe. I am woken every morning short walk with the dog. She is a very fit woman by the squawk of pheasants in the garden and at with no health problems but somehow the virus night I stand outside looking at the brilliance of attacked her, yet the other 4 members of the the stars - more brilliant than ever before household have stayed perfectly well. Having a because of the absence of pollution from planes- daughter who has had first-hand experience of and listening to owls hunting across the dale. It the virus has sent shock waves through my is a privilege to live in such a beautiful place, family, and reminded us of the need to continue and in this troubled time it is even more of a to follow government advice. Nobody privilege because of the community of people understands this virus yet, how it spreads, how who live here- Polly who makes sure I have some people remain immune, how it can be supplies of essentials, Ann who dropped off a treated, whether there will be a cure, and box of chocolate eggs on Easter morning, the ignorance breeds anxiety. -
Full Edition
THE UPPER WENSLEYDALE NEWSLETTER Issue 234 April 2017 Donation please: 30p suggested or more if you wish A Happy Easter to all our readers Dipper, by Sue Harpley Covering Upper Wensleydale from Wensley to Garsdale Head, with Walden and Bishopdale, Swaledale from Keld to Gunnerside plus Cowgill in Upper Dentdale. Published by Upper Wensleydale The Upper Wensleydale Newsletter Burnside Coach House, Newsletter Burtersett Road, Hawes DL8 3NT Tel: 667785 Issue 234 April 2017 Email for submission of articles, what’s ons, letters etc.:[email protected] Features Newsletters on the Web, simply enter Competition 14 “Upper Wensleydale Newsletter” or ____________________________ ‘‘Welcome to Wensleydale’ A684 Part 5 9 Archive copies back to 1995 are in the Dales ________________ ____________ Countryside Museum resources room. Dales Sheep 5 ____________________________ Committee: Alan S.Watkinson, Central Dales Practice 19 Malcolm Carruthers, ____________________________ Barry Cruickshanks (Web), Police Report 15 Sue E .Duffield, Karen Jones, ____________________________ Alastair Macintosh, Neil Piper, Karen Prudden Doctor’s Rotas 14 Janet W. Thomson (Treasurer), ____________________________ Peter Wood Easter Church Services 17 Final processing: ___________________________ Sarah Champion, Adrian Janke. Postal distribution: Derek Stephens Newsletter Accounts 21 ____________________________ What’s On 12 PLEASE NOTE ________________________ Plus all the regulars This web-copy does not contain the commercial adverts which are in the full Newsletter. Whilst we try to ensure that all information is As a general rule we only accept adverts from correct we cannot be held legally responsible within the circulation area and no more than for omissions or inaccuracies in articles, one-third of each issue is taken up with them. -
Medical Education Andhuman Values*
WILLIAM PICKLES LECTURE 1974 445 Medical education and human values* Professor Marshall Marinker, f.r.c.g.p. Department of Community Health, University of Leicester am very conscious ofthe privilege ofcelebratingby this lecture the memory ofWilliam I Pickles, the first President of our College. I met Will Pickles only once, when I was a medical student and he came to the Middlesex Hospital Medical Society to give his lecture Epidemiology in Country Practice. The clinical curriculum at that time had been fashioned in the grand tradition of morbid anatomy; the future was illuminated by the lights of the department of chemical pathology. The whole of epidemiology was dimi¬ nished to the story of the Broad Street pump. The whole of general practice was dis¬ creetly ignored! Looking back at my own undergraduate education, what I remember most clearly are not the facts that I learned about pathology or clinical method,but something about the way in which I was changed during the course of years from being a schoolboy to being a doctor. Remembering our teachers The programme for that change had been declared in terms of anatomy and physiology, in terms of ward rounds and outpatient sessions, of the midwifery externship and the final examination. How quickly all that seems to fade away. The lecture notes soon die on the yellowing paper, the blurred images of the microscope slide, more guessed than seen, fade and leave no trace on the inner eye. What remains, what is indelible for all of us is the clear bright image of the people who taught us. -
4. the First William Pickles Lecture: the Evolution of General Practice
Family Medicine, Healthcare & Society: Essays by Dr MK Rajakumar 4. The First William Pickles Lecture: The Evolution Of General Practice Rajakumar MK. The First William Pickles Lecture: The Evolution Of General Practice. Family Practitioner. 1981;4(1):5-10 [The William Pickles Lecture is funded by ICI (Malaysia)] It is indeed a great honour for me to be invited by the Council of the College of General Practitioners of Malaysia to deliver this address which has been named after a great general practitioner. Dr. William Pickles was a country doctor who served the small community of Aysgarth for forty years. He studied the epidemiology of infectious diseases in the community. Using to advantage his familiarity with every single member of the community, he traced each contact and drew a complete picture of the spread of communicable diseases in the district. Pickles confirmed the incubation period of infectious hepatitis and of several other communicable diseases. He described and suggested the name of ‘farmer’s lung’ and was one of the first in the United Kingdom to describe accurately ‘epidemic myalgia’ or Bornholm disease. His own book, ‘Epidemiology in Country Practice’ has become a classic and is a monument to the art of observation and record keeping. William Pickles was the kind of doctor that some of the best students in medical schools dream of becoming. Our patients continue to expect doctors of this kind and our inability to provide this sort of personal care any longer has been the source of disappointment and disaffection towards the medical profession. What place is there in the future for the tradition of personal and continuing care that the life of William Pickles exemplifies? 23 Medicine TEXTS A5.pmd 23 4/7/2008, 3:45 PM Family Medicine, Healthcare & Society: Essays by Dr MK Rajakumar Until the middle of this century, it seemed that general practice was dying. -
Some Features RETURN to UWNL HOMEPAGE
RETURN TO UWNL HOMEPAGE Upper Wensleydale Newsletter Issue 172August 2011 Some Features Editorial 2 ____________________________ Shape Up! 6 ____________________________ Letters & Emails 7 ____________________________ Festival Awards 1 0 ____________________________ Baby Swallows 12 ____________________________ Workers to Wensleydale Welcome Pack 2 0 ____________________________ Police Report 2 3 ____________________________ Plus all the regulars ____________________________ 1 written by a Scot, so clearly that is some- Editorial August 1st, Yorkshire Day! Can any other thing to be sought after! Just listen to how county claim such a thing? Not that we are we speak. Youll easily spot the bragging of course; mind you, you can Yorksher dialect, but which part? The always tell a Yorkshireman - but you can t Vikings crept in (or marauded if you pre- tell him much. So we present here a fairly fer) from the west, the Irish Sea and the light-hearted look at Gods own county Lake District; Anglo Saxons and others which at one and the same time is admired came over from the east all with their own and mocked! languages. We were more resilient to the French-speaking influences from the south What a size! It has more acres than there which has gone a long way to ensuring are words in the Bible. Who on earth weve kept some good old broad vowels to worked that out before Microsoft word- match the broad acres. Our place names count came into being? It has more peo- subtly reflect, especially around here, the ple than many countries of the world and Viking Nordic influence. you can easily spend a fortnight s holiday in it (that s even those who live here!). -
Aysgarth & District Parish Plan May 2005
Aysgarth & District Parish Plan May 2005 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION BY THE CHAIRMAN OF THE PARISH COUNCIL WHAT IS A PARISH PLAN? THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION RESULTS SUMMARISED 1. YOU & YOUR HOUSEHOLD...........................................................................................................5 2. LEISURE, SPORTS AND AMENITY...............................................................................................5 3. COMMUNITY COMMUNICATION...................................................................................................6 4. HOUSING...........................................................................................................................................6 5. ENVIRONMENT.................................................................................................................................7 6. TRAFFIC ISSUES..............................................................................................................................8 7. SERVICES..........................................................................................................................................8 8. USE OF VILLAGE HALL/INSTITUTE.............................................................................................8 9. SOCIAL ISSUES................................................................................................................................9 ACTION PLAN...................................................................................................................................