SUDBROOK A TRAILS THROUGH THE AGES LLWYBRAU TRWY’R OESOEDD

Essential Information: The Countryside Code: Respect - Protect - Enjoy SUDBROOK & For local visitor information and details of accommodation call • Be Safe - plan ahead and follow any signs PORTSKEWETT Tourist Information Centre on 01291 623772 or see: • Leave gates and property as you find them • Protect plants and animals, and take your litter home www.visitwyevalley.com • Keep dogs under close control • Consider other people Hunger marchers at the Inside the Mission Hall The Pumping Station www.walescoastpath.gov.uk Tunnel in 1936 www.walksinchepstow.co.uk This leaflet has been funded by adventa, ’s Rural www.caldicotcastle.co.uk Development Programme funded by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, the Welsh Assembly Government and Monmouthshire Sudbrook History Exhibition Local transport County Council. For more information visit www.adventa.org.uk. …at the Sudbrook Non Political Club The number 63 bus runs from the village to Caldicot, Junction Station and Newport. For details of public transport visit: Credits: Run by volunteers from Caldicot and District Local History Society, A walk through history around the www.traveline-cymru.info Images reproduced with the permission of: you will find a wealth of local information here, including an exhibition villages of Sudbrook and Portskewett Visit © Crown copyright (2013) Nanette Hepburn, Monmouthshire of old photographs and a video about the area. Visitors can use the Parking County Council, Black Rock Fishermen. resources to find out more about the Severn Railway Tunnel project, There is car parking at Black Rock Picnic Site and limited street-side Sudbrook History Society, Newport Museum and Art Gallery, Gorge the village of Sudbrook, the lave net fishermen car parking in Portskewett and at Sudbrook near to the Sudbrook Museums Trust, Time Team, David Morgan Photography, Private collections, of Black Rock, and much, much more. Historical Exhibition. There is plenty of parking at the alternative start The Chepstow Society. point at Caldicot Castle. With thanks to Peter Strong, Andrew Leitch and the members of Sudbrook History Society. Tea, coffee and toilets are available Provisions for a picnic can be purchased at the Spar shop opposite at the Sudbrook Non Political Club. Portskewett village green and meals can be obtained at the Disclaimer Check opening times on the website: Portskewett Inn. Call to check opening times: 01291 430505 Whilst all due care was taken in the preparation of the information contained in www.caldicothistory.org.uk/sudbrook this leaflet, neither adventa, Monmouthshire County Council, nor their agents or or call 01291 425638 servants accept any responsibility for any inaccuracies which might occur. © Published by adventa and Monmouthshire County Council 2013. On the trail of a changing coastline Since Roman times the to build a sea wall. As the marshland along the Severn climate changed in the 14th Where the has been drained. This and 15th centuries the Severn starts to narrow near Sudbrook marshland was created as sea widened and, with nearby only three and a half miles of levels rose about 8000 years cliffs eroding, the medieval water separates Wales from ago. An inscribed stone found village of Sudbrook was England. Neolithic man, Iron nearby at Goldcliff records abandoned. Villagers moved Age tribes, Romans and the efforts of Roman soldiers inland to higher ground. Medieval villagers all chose to live near this vantage point overlooking the Severn. The St Pierre Pill Where is Sudbrook? river was a vital trading route Only the Roman and its influence was felt far A Customs House located Camp and medieval beside St Pierre Pill shows inland via streams and pills chapel appear on just how important trade this 1830 map. - the local name for a creek or along the Severn was, a small tidal harbour. Boats although today the Customs even travelled towards the House stands alone in fields, half a mile away from water. Roman town of The Pill, cut off from the along the river Neddern, Severn by a railway line, has which in the past flowed into silted up. The Customs House the Severn at Sudbrook. is the white building in the centre of this picture, with Church to the right.

Lave net fishermen at Black Rock. Footprints in the mud some 6,000 years old have been discovered along the Severn. People have chosen to cross the river here for thousands of years though the ferry was confusingly called the . In the 18th century a turnpike road was built to Black Rock, bringing more travellers, traders, drovers and tourists to the ferry. When the railway arrived a pier was built out into the estuary, so that travellers could alight from This is the New Passage House on the English bank, looking towards Blackrock and Sudbrook. In 1534 Henry VIII banned their train directly beside the crossings of the river at night because, ‘Many crimes, robberies ferry. Crossing was often house the men working on and murders are done in the counties of and hazardous and the idea of in the area near the Severn River ... and after such murders and the tunnel. At the end of the an alternative route under crimes are done the said robbers, criminals and murderers, with 20th century this was also the the goods cross the river by night into ’. the river was proposed in preferred route for the Second the 19th century. The place which now chosen for the railway tunnel dominates the landscape. to start was Sudbrook, where a new village was built to

View of the Steam Ferry Pier at Black Rock. (From The Graphic, Nov 6th, 1880) of the tunnel ‘rendered obsolete the Trails through Time - Sudbrook and Portskewett Roman coins ferry which, until recent days, plied found in between the two shores’. Start: BLACK ROCK picnic site and car park the mud Grid Ref: 513881 here were From the viewing point turn right Distance: 4 miles probably and follow the Coastal Path signs An easy level walk on the coastal path, along quiet lanes, roadside thrown into keeping the river to your left. footpaths and across fields. the water as an offering A new village was built at Sudbrook to to the gods for a house the men working on the tunnel. safe crossing. This one is now The walk follows the road which was 1 Ancient river crossing in the collections of Newport made in the 1870s to link Sudbrook at Black Rock Museum and Art Gallery. with Black Rock. This became a well-trodden route; Sudbrook was a Make your way from Many people of note used the ferry, teetotal village and the Black Rock the Black Rock car park including Thomas Telford, who in 1824 Hotel was the nearest place the through the picnic site described the New Passage as ‘one workmen could get a beer! towards the Severn. At of the most forbidding places at which the viewing point looking an important ferry was ever out over the Severn, established.’ stand with your back to the river and imagine It’s no surprise that the the scene here 150 years dangerous crossing ago when the Black from Black Rock Rock Hotel occupied was unpopular. By this site. the 1870s with The Hotel was demolished in increasing coal Why was such a grand hotel built the 1960s, but you can still see freight from South here? Black Rock was the landing the slipway and Ferry Master’s Wales, the Great place for the New Passage Ferry. If House which are on the right Western Railway you look straight across the estuary in this picture. You will pass embarked on a you may be able to spot the white them at the end of the walk. feat of engineering New Passage House where travellers excellence disembarked on the English side. constructing the This whale was washed up on By the 19th century not only was popular destination in its own right with Severn Railway Tunnel. ‘Passengers the shore near Sudbrook in the Black Rock a busy hotel serving pleasure gardens, croquet, quoits and still cross the Severn here, but they go the early 20th century. ferry passengers, it had become a regular band concerts. beneath it, instead of over it’, reported the press in 1886 when the opening Keep straight on into the village. 2 Shipbuilding at Thomas Sudbrook Walker, main 3 Sudbrook contractor. On the left as you enter the village you If you look at a map of this area in ‘I know of no pass the site of one of the two brickyards the early 1870s there was only one which made bricks to line the tunnel. contractor who house - Southbrook Farm. Ten years has displayed Once the tunnel was completed this later a new village had been built. A brickyard was converted to ship so much care project on the scale of the Severn and solicitude for the comfort building.104 ships were launched and Railway Tunnel required a huge labour many were sent to South America. The The Villas, 1886. and welfare of the workpeople force and over 3000 workers needed employed by him’ wrote John Frensham at 739 tons was the largest somewhere to live. Between 1873 and the last ship built here in 1922. Hawkshaw, the Tunnel’s Chief and 1886 Thomas Walker, the main Engineer, following Walker’s contractor on the tunnel, provided death in 1889. ‘During the year previous no a mission hall, school, hospitals, a less than ten steamers were coffee house and reading room as built and despatched to the well as housing for the workforce. 4 Sudbrook Board School River Plate…all manufactured The first house on the right - at the Sudbrook Yard’ No 1 The Villas - was the Estate Look out on the right for the old reported the Western Mail in Manager’s house. The Villas were Sudbrook Board School and school 1891 These men were employed constructed for foremen and skilled house built in 1881. In 1901 it had in the ship yard c. 1920. employees. The terraces further on spaces for 240 children. were for workers lower On your left the Pumping down the pecking order. Station dominates the village. They were built using stone removed from the tunnel. As the tunnel got deeper and the rock changed 5 The Pumping Station so the building stone in the houses changed. In October 1879 workmen digging the the water so closely pursued them Numbers 10 and 13 tunnel unexpectedly struck a massive that it reached above their knees and became orphanages, underground spring. As the Western soon filled the whole of the workings’. founded by Thomas Mail reported, ‘The men who were It took two years and a particularly Walker’s daughter in 1890. underground at the time (fortunately courageous diver to drain the tunnel only about 14 or 15) succeeded in completely. Alexander Lambert, reaching the surface in safety, though wearing a heavy brass helmet and 7 Coffee House and Keep right and walk past the Can you imagine how Alexander Club on your left. Lambert felt as he prepared to descend Reading Rooms into the total darkness of the flooded Thomas Walker was a deeply religious 8 Pay Office tunnel? His efforts captured the public man. As he was against the use of The teetotal Walker family would imagination and this picture appeared alcohol he provided a Coffee House probably not have approved of the in The Graphic on Nov. 6th, 1880. and Reading Rooms for his workmen, Club! It stands on the site of the former in the large building to the left of Walker Pay Office. At one point there were Flats. The Coffee House was a meeting seven timekeepers employed during place for the Severn Tunnel Excavators the day and five at night. Seven pay Total Abstinence Society who took clerks made up the pay books and carrying a knapsack of compressed pledges not to drink. After the tunnel paid up to 3,000 men on Saturdays. oxygen gas on his back, made several was completed the Coffee House trips in complete darkness through the became Marshall’s grocery store. A Find out more about the village’s history drowned workings to seal off the spring. covenant forbidding the sale of alcohol by visiting the Sudbrook Historical still remains on this house’s deeds. Exhibition housed inside the Club.

9 Great Western 6 The Mission Hall Railway Cottages This stood on the right just after the Continue along the Pumping Station: ‘it contains a good path past the row of organ and will seat about 1,000 cottages on your right persons’ the National Gazetteer of built by the Great 1901 stated. Western Railway This Pumping Station was built to Company, following house six Cornish beam engines used Keep straight on with the old the Coast Path signs to keep the tunnel dry. Twenty million railway line on your left. until reaching the gallons of water continue to flow into Every day coal was brought to the benches overlooking the tunnel daily. In the past this water Pumping Station along this line to the river. was used by the nearby paper mill, a keep the steam engines working. Great Western Railway cottages brewery in Magor and the Ordnance After 100 yards turn left, crossing Factory at Caerwent. the railway line and turning left again passing the Post Office and Walker Flats on the right. Who built the tunnel? Groups of men called ‘walking gangers’ built the tunnel. There were 50 Bringing stone out on the Monmouthshire side and 17 on the side. Each of the tunnel. ganger managed 5 miners and 21 labourers, as well as the ‘runners out’ who pushed the skips of tunnelled stone. The men had to wear Thomas Walker and John waterproof clothing - flannels - which were supplied by Walker. He Hawkshaw inspecting erected large cabins at each pit top where they could take their meals the works, 1886. and where a man was employed to dry the wet clothing. This was dangerous work and the graves of casualties can be found in local churchyards. One man died during a storm on 17th October 1883 when a six foot tidal wave swept down the pit shaft where 84 men were working. Thomas Walker wrote that above ground the tidal wave ‘entered all the houses, most of which were only one storey, and rose above the beds on which the children were asleep. The children were saved by being placed on high tables, or even shelves’. The tunnel project generated much interest. Two ladies who wanted to see the workings came prepared for wet ‘as far as regards water falling from the roof, being equipped in miners’ donkey-jackets and sou’wester hats; but they little thought they would have to wade through two feet of water for some distance! Which they did pluckily, Construction of the tunnel, rather than turn back’ recalled Joseph Talbot, a principal foreman who showing the system of timbering. often showed visitors around. (From The Graphic, Nov 6th, 1880)

An electric lighting system was installed in 1882 and a telephone Following the tidal link was also established under wave a small boat the river to the Gloucestershire was lowered down side. This picture of the scene the pit shaft to at the pumping shaft in Five rescue the men. Mile Four Chain Pit appeared in The Graphic on Nov. 6th, 1880. The remains of Trinity 11 Iron Age Fort Chapel can be seen behind you, surrounded This fort was built by the Silures, by metal railings. an Iron Age tribe who lived here in the second century BC. Unusually, 10 Trinity Chapel this fort was used by the Romans throughout their period of occupation. Hundreds of years before The fort guarded the mouth of the river Thomas Walker established Neddern, which in the past flowed into the Mission Hall for his the Severn here. It was a much larger workforce, people were river and at certain times of the year, worshipping at Trinity ships could sail up towards Caerwent. Chapel. Sudbrook was a The enclosed area was originally much parish in its own right in the medieval ‘On the very brink of this cliff bigger. Coastal erosion has reduced its period and the area around the church is an old ruin called Sudbrook size. In the 1880s Thomas Walker, who was probably the site of the original Chapel, very picturesque to was a keen antiquarian, placed masses village. As nearby cliffs eroded the see, and which will probably of rubble from the Severn Tunnel along village was abandoned. By the 1690s not be seen much longer, for the shoreline to protect the fort and much of the churchyard had fallen into the sandstone of the cliff is chapel. You can still see lots of the the river and bones from the graveyard here very soft, and the water stone below you on the shore. In the were often found on the shore. When year by year washes it away’ early 20th century this was a popular the Monmouthshire Antiquarians reported Wirt Sykes in 1878. place for chapel and Sunday school visited Trinity Cliff outings and many day trippers sat and in 1858 there carved their initials into the rocks. was ‘not Continuing along the coastal path with the river on your a single The fort was excavated in the left, you now enter a flat area habitation 1930s by Nash Williams, Keeper surrounded by the ramparts of an within half of Archaeology at the National Iron Age fort. a mile’. Museum Wales. He published his finds, which included late Iron Age, Romano British and Medieval pottery, in Archaeologia Cambensis in 1939, from which these images are taken.

Keeping to the left continue through the flat area until reaching the ramparts. 12 Ramparts and 13 Severn Railway Tunnel 14 Sea View strategic lookout As you cross the old railway line don’t Can you spot the houses on the right panic if you feel the ground wobble which were built with shuttered concrete, This vantage point commanding views beneath your feet. It will only be a train probably the first time this technique along the Severn was an observation racing through the Severn Tunnel, 200 was used in Britain? You can see the post during World War Two. Can you feet below you! It is the longest main horizontal layers of concrete quite see the concrete remains on top of the line railway tunnel in Britain - 7 km. clearly on some of these houses. As ramparts? There are also the concrete more and more men came to work on footings of a World War Two anti-aircraft The Tunnel opened for goods traffic on the tunnel, so additional houses were gun emplacement nearer to the shore. September 1st 1886, revolutionising needed. This row was originally called the transport of coal from South Wales. 76,400,000 bricks were used Walk through the ramparts and Concrete Row. Further along look out As Thomas Walker wrote: ‘The coal was to build the tunnel. 28,000,000 immediately turn right where the for the plaque showing which year the worked and raised to the surface in came from the two Sudbrook path forks, leaving the coast path houses were built. the morning, loaded into wagons, brickworks. (unless you want to follow the weighed, invoiced, and running via the optional route to Caldicot Castle Severn Tunnel, , and Salisbury, 15 5 miles 4 chains The Fever Hospital - see map). 16 deposited alongside the ship, at brickyard When smallpox broke out in Chepstow Heading back towards the Southampton, ready for tipping into Sudbrook’s second brickworks was on in 1883 Thomas Walker was quick to village, turn left at the playground the hold, the same evening.’ the left, located close to the top of the build a hospital for infectious diseases following the lane back to the For passengers between and 5 mile 4 chain pit so that, ‘within half an to contain any outbreak amongst the railway crossing. Turn left and Bristol, who previously had to take two hour from the time the shale was got tunnel workers. The Fever Hospital cross the road to continue on the trains and a ferry the tunnel halved the in the tunnel it was made into bricks, was set back from the village to your pavement with the houses of Sea journey time. The first passenger train and the bricks placed on the floor of left. In the 20th century this was the View terrace on your right. ran on December 1st 1886. the drying shed to be dried for the kiln.’ site of a paper mill.

Looking along the railway line from the Pumping Station, with the The Brickworks , 1886. The Fever Hospital Mission Hall on the right c. 1886. Follow the road as it leaves the A local legend drew Time Team here added weight to the connection 19 Portskewett Manor village and keep walking until in 2007 to investigate whether these with King Harold. Time Team also reaching traffic lights. fields were the site of a royal hunting discovered that a tidal creek used This is the oldest house in Portskewett lodge. Some old maps show this area to flow from this spot down to the dating from the 16th century. It has a 17 Southbrook Farm as Harold’s Field. Early records state Severn. Up to four metres deep it number of features in common with that Earl Harold of Wessex conquered would have been possible to sail farmhouses in Gloucestershire, On the right stands Southbrook Farm this area and was building a hunting boats this far inland to moor here. highlighting Portskewett’s strong links which gave the village of Sudbrook its lodge in Portskewett in 1065. His Over the centuries the creek silted up. with the other side of the Severn. name. This was one of the few lodge was attacked and destroyed Leaded designs set into the plaster on remaining houses in the area after the by the King of , ap The uneven ground as you walk through the north wall are said to commemorate medieval settlement at Sudbrook was Gruffydd. Harold never had the the field probably indicates the location visits by King Charles I to the house. abandoned. opportunity to take his revenge. In of the Medieval village of Portskewett. January 1066 he became King Harold Changing sea levels and coastal erosion From the village green turn right Cross the bridge and immediately may have forced the villagers to move and continue along the footpath turn left through a gate into the II of England and later that year was killed at the Battle of Hastings. some time after the 12th century as passing the shop on your left and field marked Harold’s Park. the village declined in importance. St. Mary’s Church on the right. When Time Team excavated they 18 Harold’s Park - found a medieval manor with a fortified Walk through the field around the 20 St Mary’s Church Time Team dig tower, built on the site of an earlier church and head for a gate which building which may have been a leads onto the village green and Dating from the late 11th century, the Welsh palace. One small piece of up to the road, beside the remains church has been restored and altered pottery, dating from Saxon times, of an old mill stone. Slightly to on a number of occasions. Can you your left about 50 yards away is a spot the carved cross on the blocked grey 16th century house known up back doorway which could be over Time Team’s artistic as Portskewett Manor. 1,000 years old? And the small windows impression of Harold’s in the upper part of the tower, which Palace, looking down were added in the 16th century? on the tidal creek which flowed out to the In the churchyard are the Severn at Sudbrook. graves of men who came from the tin mines of Cornwall to Reproduced courtesy of work on the Severn Tunnel, as Time Team. well as a monument erected by the workmates of a man killed during its construction. Samuel Parsley, the Captain of H.M. Mail Boat New Passage for thirty years, who died in 1840 is also buried here. Cross the road at the T junction 22 Heston Brake 23 Pike House Turn left up this track and after a and continue along the pavement few paces stand in the middle of until reaching a bench on the The standing stones of Heston Standing on the corner, Pike House is the stone bridge looking towards other side of the road to your left. Brake, visible to the right, command a reminder that you are now following the Severn. extensive views across the estuary. the old turnpike road to the ferry at 21 National School This spot would have been Black Rock. The turnpike was 25 Bristol and South strategically important and highly operated by the New Passage On the right stands the old National valued. Some 4,000 years ago it Turnpike Trust and this house was built Wales Union Railway School, built by the Anglican National was chosen as the place where the on the site of the original 1759 toll branch line Society who wanted a church school bones of leading members of the local house. The New Passage Turnpike ran in every parish. In the days before were buried. When this from Black Rock through Crick and This bridge crosses the branch line to state education these were the only Neolithic was excavated to link with the road to Black Rock, which was built in 1865 schools available to poor children. in 1888 a human skull, teeth and . The first toll keeper was to provide a direct link to the ferry. On bones were found. Moses Rosser, who was paid five a clear day you can see the Passage Cross the road and follow the shillings a week, but he was sacked in House on the English side, where the track up behind the bench. Go Head to the right of the bungalow, 1764 for defrauding his employers. ferry landed. through a kissing gate into a through the gate onto the lane, The Turnpike was abolished in 1872. field. (If it’s a clear day you can and turn right. At the main road Continue over the bridge and go see the outline of the standing turn right again along a short Keep straight on, crossing the through the kissing gate. Walk stones of Heston Brake (22) at stretch of road until you reach railway and passing the row of straight across the field heading about 1 o’clock.) Follow the fence Portskewett. At the T junction cottages on the right. for another kissing gate. Go across the field and through you can catch a final glimpse of through the gate and walk along another kissing gate. Go straight Heston Brake to your right. Turn 24 Railway Cottages the stone wall section and turn across the next field heading for left along Black Rock Road. right at the end of it heading for another kissing gate. Go through The 1840s and 1850s saw an influx of the river bank. Keep right walking this gate and keep straight on railway workers who came to construct alongside the cliffs and bear right through another kissing gate. the . These through the gate and along the Follow the fence line and go cottages were built to house them. path in front of the Ferry Master’s through another kissing gate. House until you come to the Cross a bridge over the old slipway. railway line. Keep on until you spot a sign on the left for the coastal path, just before a barn conversion. These buildings were originally stabling for the ferry and the Black Rock Hotel.

Heston Brake (David Morgan Photography) W E N LEECHPOOL HOUSE T W YN O SL O LA D G Hotel wall ... Great waves weighing Bear right passing the V L IE O 26 Ferry Slipway and Pier W E H H C E MOUNT BALLAN tons came in with prodigious force, Ferryman’s House on your right USK HU O RC L H TOW Y Y A LA W N Where the slipway leads down to the leaping 25 or 30 feet high, and falling as you return to the car park. RN E DE AD ED A RO N VON BW Severn can you find some old mooring on the pier and its approaches with EB CL CROSSWAYS LOWER LEECHPOOL OS Y GG T FARTHING HILL rings? At low you can see remains E RO A FARM tremendous crashes ... Meanwhile the T F

Old mooring rings at the S F I A

C R F E O I L A A E D T of a wooden pier constructed to N steamer Christopher Thomas made Black Rock slipway. L W S O

A E WITHY BED Dr DN Y R H a G in make it easier for railway passengers several attempts to come alongside SCHOOL LE E ST V A O C R ROMAN BUILDINGS G Y to board the steam ferries. Stormy the pontoon for the passengers but H A B Issues S W U A S D TT D RE PRIORY E G N 22 LONG BARROW weather made travel across the Severn was driven off. About two hours after AR C M R E Alternative start at C S 27 The Ferry Master’s E n FI R N HESTON BRAKE S T ST MARY’S unpredictable if not dangerous as the ebb tide she succeeded and about RD VE A SCHOOL Caldicot Castle: Drai Portskewett LD IE Bristol Mercury reported in 1870: House HF Parking and Toilets. 20 passengers scrambled on board; C R E U C CROPTHORNE FARM N CH R IC CALDICOT CASTLE K the remainder, fearing to venture, R O A 23 Just before turning left into the car GREEN LA D T D ‘The train ran down onto the pier, A HE G COUNTRY PARK O RO had departed - some via Gloucester, R R V W E but very speedily was backed to park look back to the Severn. This A S M AN E DY some back to Newport and Cardiff, A AY L RED HOUSE GREEN C W A POLICE S E NE P FARM view was drawn by Thomas Birbeck E O terra firma, the Severn Sea making T IL STATION S AV B E T while some comfortably ensconced JU E A T

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T O T O OF clean breaches over the pier… The for his book Caldicot Old Houses R LODGE AD N CR DISMANTLED RO R NY FT AIN O SUN themselves in the Black Rock Hotel’. O K M R C IN SHOP A C 19 G D RAILWAY A G S passengers got out and enjoyed the and Families. His picture shows the N LIBRARY T O L

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Crossing the Severn today on one of LEA C A BRIDGE 21 H IEW

Ferry Master’s House on the left S IL N V 25 sight of Old Neptune’s sport … taking T R Y Y L BA CALDICOT C A the bridges is definitely less hazardous! WA L AST Y W

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C EP WA R R AD ST L E L CAL O refuge under the lee of the Black Rock and the Black Rock Hotel on the TO OW O G Y L DICO SCHOOL R D I T ROAD N W O 27 AD P A 20

A OODS M M W right. It’s a shame that you can no E L 1 A ODG 18 CAR C NEWPORT RO CALDICOT COMMUNITY COLLEGE E WA Y PARK longer enjoy a well-earned drink here FIRE AND LEISURE CENTRE Drain SE STATION CLO after your walk! INDUSTRIAL ESTATE THE Start Black Rock DU RAND CALDICOT DEEPWEIR R L C Picnic Site O IN S A A N NORMA Y D D S ET RO T R N W A MILL G T AY LANE N IR E L W AD E E FI C W F T Z S P C F SOUTHBROOK W E E I

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R T P A S Y ES CE N DURAND PRIMARY ND S SCHOOL R Sudbrook A I STAFFORD RO ING AVE LW Drai 2 AD BY-PASS LAPW A n CALDICOT Y GO V LDF IE W INCH CLOS KESTREL CLOSE E O ORCHID DRIVE INDUSTRIAL D ROAD SPREY DR D BLACKBIR rai 3 ESTATE n 14 CHURCH ROW LADY BENCH n FACTORY PILL FARM Drain Drai 15 4 INDUSTRIAL ESTATE 16 13 6 PAPER MILL 8 TIDE GAUGE 7 JETTY Drain Drain Drain 5 n 9 Drain Drai Dra 11 10 in Optional route to Caldicot Castle 12 ) (Drain SUDBROOK POINT n Drain Drai M4

Looking down to the slipway before the Black Rock

The pier at Black Rock Hotel (on the right) was demolished in the 1960s. WELSH GROUNDS