Edited by by Edited CLOUD COMPUTING COMPUTING CLOUD ARCHITECTURE AND APPLICATIONS Jaydip Sen Jaydip CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE AND APPLICATIONS Edited by Jaydip Sen Prof. Jaydip Sen has around 25 years of experience in the field of communica- tion network protocol design, network analysis, cryptography, and network Edited by Jaydip Sen security and analytics. He worked in reputed organizations like Oil and -Nat ural Gas Corporation Ltd., India; Oracle India Pvt. Ltd., India; Akamai Technology Pvt. Ltd., India; Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., India; National Institute of Science and Technology, APPLICATIONS AND ARCHITECTURE India; and Calcutta Business School, India. Currently, he is associated with Praxis Business School, Kolkata, India, as a professor in the Department of Analytics and Information Technology. Prior to this, he was a lead scientist in the Innovation Lab of Tata Consultancy Services, India, where he led the research and development activities in wireless communi- cation, embedded systems and ubiquitous applications, design, and development. He has over 16 years of research and development experience. His research areas include securi- ty in wired and wireless networks, intrusion detection systems, secure routing protocols in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, secure multicast and broadcast communication in next-generation broadband wireless networks, trust- and reputation-based systems, quality of service in multimedia communication in wireless networks and cross-layer optimization-based resource allocation algorithms in next-generation wireless networks, sensor networks, and privacy issues in ubiquitous and pervasive communication, big data analytics, R, Python, Hadoop and MapReduce programming. He has more than 120 publi- cations in reputed international journals and referred conference proceedings and 6 book chapters in books published by internationally renowned publishing houses, e.g., Springer, CRC Press, IGI Global, etc. He has delivered expert talks and keynote lectures in various international conferences and symposia. He is a senior member of ACM and IEEE. He is also an active member of the security group of IEEE 802.16 standard body and has submitted a number of proposals for the evolving 802.16m standard and ETSI. His biography has been listed in Marquis Who’s Who in the World every year since 2008. Prof. Sen obtained Bach- elor of Engineering (BE) in Mechanical Engineering with honors from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India, in the year 1988 and Master of Technology (MTech) in Computer Science with honors from the Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, in 2001. In the era of Internet of Things and with the explosive worldwide growth of electronic data volume, and associated need of processing, analysis, and storage of such humongous volume of data, it has now become mandatory to exploit the power of massively parallel architecture for fast computation. Cloud computing provides a cheap source of such com- puting framework for large volume of data for real-time applications. It is, therefore, not surprising to see that cloud computing has become a buzzword in the computing fraternity over the last decade. This book presents some critical applications in cloud frameworks along with some innovation design of algorithms and architecture for deployment in cloud environment. It is a valuable source of knowledge for researchers, engineers, practitioners, and graduate and doctoral students working in the field of cloud computing. It will also be useful for faculty members of graduate schools and universities. ISBN 978-953-51-3243-1 © iStock / Pogonici / Pogonici © iStock INTECHOPEN.COM CLOUD COMPUTING - ARCHITECTURE AND APPLICATIONS Edited by Jaydip Sen Cloud Computing - Architecture and Applications http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62794 Edited by Jaydip Sen Contributors Shanrong Zhao, Xiaoying Wang, Guojing Zhang, Mengqin Yang, Jian Wang, Yun Long, Sergey Andreev, Roman Florea, Aleksandr Ometov, Adam Surak, Yevgeni Koucheryavy, Muhammad Ahmad Ashraf, Waleed Tariq Sethi, Abdullah Alfakhri, Saleh Alshebeili, Amr Alasaad Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia © The Editor(s) and the Author(s) 2017 The moral rights of the editor(s) and the author(s) have been asserted. All rights to the book as a whole are reserved by InTech. The book as a whole (compilation) cannot be reproduced, distributed or used for commercial or non-commercial purposes without InTech's written permission. 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The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Romina Skomersic Technical Editor SPi Global Cover InTech Design team First published June, 2017 Printed in Croatia Legal deposit, Croatia: National and University Library in Zagreb Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected] Cloud Computing - Architecture and Applications, Edited by Jaydip Sen p. cm. Print ISBN 978-953-51-3243-1 Online ISBN 978-953-51-3244-8 PUBLISHED BY World’s largest Science, Technology & Medicine Open Access book publisher 101,000+ 3,000+ INTERNATIONAL 99+ MILLION OPEN ACCESS BOOKS AUTHORS AND EDITORS DOWNLOADS AUTHORS AMONG BOOKS 12.2% DELIVERED TO TOP 1% AUTHORS AND EDITORS 151 COUNTRIES MOST CITED SCIENTISTS FROM TOP 500 UNIVERSITIES SON REU M TE O R H S T Selection of our books indexed in the BOOK CITATION Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ INDEX I Core Collection (BKCI) N D E X E D Interested in publishing with us? Contact [email protected] Numbers displayed above are based on data collected at the time of publication, for latest information visit www.intechopen.com Contents Preface VII Chapter 1 State-of-the-Art Antenna Technology for Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RANs) 1 Waleed Tariq Sethi, Abdullah Alfakhri, Muhammad Ahmad Ashraf, Amr G. Alasaad and Saleh Alshebeili Chapter 2 Cloud Computing for Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis 29 Shanrong Zhao, Kirk Watrous, Chi Zhang and Baohong Zhang Chapter 3 Green-Aware Virtual Machine Migration Strategy in Sustainable Cloud Computing Environments 53 Xiaoying Wang, Guojing Zhang, Mengqin Yang and Lei Zhang Chapter 4 M-ary Optical Computing 71 Jian Wang and Yun Long Chapter 5 Networking Solutions for Integrated Heterogeneous Wireless Ecosystem 103 Roman Florea, Aleksandr Ometov, Adam Surak, Sergey Andreev and Yevgeni Koucheryavy Preface Cloud computing transforms the way information technology (IT) is consumed and man‐ aged, promising improved cost-efficiencies, accelerated innovation, faster time to market, and the enhanced ability to scale applications on demand. According to Gartner, while the hype grew exponentially during 2008 and continued since then, it is clear that there is a ma‐ jor shift toward the cloud computing model and the benefits may be substantial. With the advent of Internet of Things and big data, humongous amount of data is available today. This extraordinarily large volume of data needs to be analyzed for achieving valuable in‐ sights of business. Cloud computing is best suited for handling such volume of data, which is diverse in nature and needs real-time processing. In addition, the cloud services can be hired based on computing requirement without incurring any large fixed overhead cost of IT infrastructure. However, as the shape of the cloud computing is emerging and develop‐ ing rapidly both conceptually and in real-world applications, the legal/contractual, econom‐ ic, service quality, interoperability, security, and privacy issues still pose significant challenges. In other words, in spite of the several advantages that paradigm of cloud com‐ puting has brought along with it, there are several concerns and issues that need to be ad‐ dressed before further ubiquitous adoption of it happens. First, in cloud computing, the user may not have the kind of control over his/her data or performance of his/her applications that he/she may need or the ability to audit or change the processes and policies under which he/she must work. Different parts of an application might be in different places in the cloud that can have an adverse impact on the performance of the application. Complying with regulations may be difficult especially when talking about cross-border issues—it should also be noted that regulations still need to be developed to take all aspects of cloud computing into account. It is quite natural that monitoring and maintenance is not as simple a task as compared to what it is for PCs sitting in the intranet. Second, the cloud customers may risk losing data by having them locked