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Zeitschrift/Journal: Bonn zoological Bulletin - früher Bonner Zoologische Beiträge.

Jahr/Year: 2018

Band/Volume: 67

Autor(en)/Author(s): Jansen Justin J. F. J.

Artikel/Article: Specimen labelling errors: collected on the prior to 1861, now in Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands 145-169 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at

Bonn zoological Bulletin 67 (2): 145–169 ISSN 2190–7307 2018 · Jansen J.J.F.J. http://www.zoologicalbulletin.de https://doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2018.67.2.145

Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7CE40B75-3E2E-41B7-9705-E5E7BBE2AB77 Specimen labelling errors: birds collected on the Falkland Islands prior to 1861, now in Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands Justin J. F. J. Jansen Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Postbus 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:4CF8D990-C4E6-4073-9B91-6424E0C1BA54

Abstract. Historical museum specimens are often documented by labels or by handwritten notations on the pedestal underside. However, mistakes and misinterpretations of specimen data often occur due to a complete lack of such data or in the transcription of data from original sources (either in the form of original labels or personal communications). This paper discusses the errors and omissions in data found on 89 specimens collected in the Falkland Islands before 1861, present or formerly present in Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden, Netherlands), resulting from label substitution and transcription errors. Errors and omissions in data include location, collector, collecting locality and date. The corruption of original data shows that the gravest error made at that time was the disposal of the original labels. Key words. collection, Ornithology, Falkland Islands, Charles Abbott.

INTRODUCTION search has yet been carried out on a large series of birds with regard to their label substitution and transcription Ornithology in the early nineteenth century flourished errors. The research conducted for this paper was carried worldwide, but up to 1861 relatively few expeditions out in order to establish how much such ‘vandalism’ of with natural history objectives collected birds in the Falk- Falkland Islands birds has occurred in Naturalis. land Islands (Jansen & van der Mije 2015). The Falklands Jansen & van der Mije (2015) noted that various sourc- rose to fame when published accounts es in addition to the known expeditions collected birds of the birds and encountered (Darwin 1839, and mammals in the Falkland Islands. The original sourc- 1859) when HMS Beagle visited in 1833 and 1834. We find published accounts of other expeditions up to 1861 es are therefore often hard, or in most cases even impos- (Lesson & Garnot 1826–30, Darwin 1839, Freycinet sible, to trace. et al. 1837, MacGillivray 1852), when Captain Charles Major expeditions and collectors that collected birds in Compton Abbott left the Falklands (Abbott 1860, 1861). the Falklands include: To get a better understanding of the birds collected in • L’Uranie, 15 February–27 April 1820. ‘65+’ birds the Falkland Islands, all specimens in the Naturalis Bio- (appendix 1) that arrived at the Museum national diversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands (hereafter Natu- d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (hereafter MNHN) have ralis) or noted in the literature that were collected in the annotations that they were collected in the Falklands Falkland Islands or arrived at Naturalis prior to 1 January (MNHN archives). 1862, were analysed. In total, 89 specimens, represented • La Coquille, 18 November–18 December 1825. 42 by mounts or skins, were examined. A number of these birds (appendix 2) that arrived at the MNHN have specimens have been previously cited by earlier authors annotations that they were collected in the Falklands (Schlegel 1862a, b, c, d, 1863a, b, c, d, 1864, 1865, 1866, (MNHN archives). 1867, van Grouw & Steinheimer 2008). • HMS Beagle, 1 March–5 April 1833 and The labelling of bird specimens in Naturalis has been the subject of research by a few previous authors, with 11 March–7 April 1834. 33 birds were collected by a special focus on the removal of original labels (Mees Charles Darwin and Syms Covington on the Falk- 1953, Mees & Fisher 1986, Rasmussen & Prŷs-Jones lands (Steinheimer 2004). And 24 specimens from 2003). However, their focus was on a single labelled bird the Falklands were collected by Captain Robert Fitz- of Edgar Leopold Layard’s (Mees & Fisher 1986) and roy on the HMS Beagle expedition and donated in by Karl B.H. von Rosenberg’s birds from Indonesia (Mees Sir William Burnett in 1838 (Natural History Muse- 1953, Rasmussen & Prŷs-Jones 2003). No extensive re- um Tring, UK (herafter NHMUK)).

Received: 29.12.2017 Corresponding editor: T. Töpfer Accepted: 28.11.2018 Published: 05.12.2018 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at

146 Justin J. F. J. Jansen

• HMS Erebus and Terror, 6 April–8 September 1842. and 3 December 2015. Additional visits were made to 142 birds and eggs donated to the NHMUK by Rob- Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (hereafter ert McCormick in 1890 and 1891 (Sharpe 1906). MNHN) on 2–12 April 2013 and to the Natural History • HMS Rattlesnake, 5–25 July 1850. Specimens were Museum, Tring (hereafter NHMUK) on 12–13 Novem- presented to the NHMUK by Owen Stanley in 1850, ber 2013, 18 June 2015 and 23 March 2016. These visits 1854 and 1855, totalling 219 specimens, and 16 birds were made to establish if original labels on Falkland Is- by William McGillivray in 1851 (Sharpe 1906). lands specimens were present. 25 Falkland specimens in • Charles Compton Abbott (1821–1887), August MNHN were examined and 103 Falkland specimens in 1857–December 1860. The Hobart (Tasmania) NHMUK. Literature was also consulted to find addition- born officer entered the army at 22 July 1844, and al information on dates when and where specific speci- th th th th served in the 13 , 20 , 75 , and 47 Regiments. He mens were collected, and by whom. commanded the detachment at the Falkland Islands Aware that specimens are assigned to “Falklands” or to for four or five years (became captain in March “” on the basis of label data, could well be 1858). He returned to Australia, and after serving the location from where it is mailed/shipped to Europe. in the North Glouchester Militia in 1862–69, he However, besides some species no odd records was transferred to the Queen’s Country Royal Ri- were found. Research revealed that the main collector fles, he retired from service in 1876. Abbott was in Abbott is known to travelled extensively on East Falk- command of the British forces stationed at Stanley land and collected all kinds of natural history material on East Falkland. Abbott made various excursions (Lanjouw & Staffleu 1954), and the known expeditions into the interior, both in the north and in the south did not ship specimens from the Falklands to Europe. of East Falkland and lost no opportunity to collect eggs and skins (Darwin 1871, Jansen & van der Mije The two research questions are: 2015). Specimens collected by Abbott ended up in • What were the transcription errors made on the a number of collections. No less then 46 specimens available sources? (possibly as many as 76) in Naturalis were received • Did the specimens at Naturalis once had these orig- directly from Abbott, as indicated by Abbott being inal labels? mentioned on the label and/or pedestal.

27 birds in Naturalis acquired from Gustav Adolph Frank RESULTS Sr., for which there are no specific collectors mentioned on their labels, most likely originate with Abbott also, The specimens although this remains speculative. While Abbott may have sold his birds to Frank and John Gould, he probably did so only to Gould, who in turn sold them to Frank, No synonyms are given, only the actual English and Lat- and Frank in turn to others such as the merchant Charles in name. The framework as set by Steinheimer 2010 is Jamrach and the Zoological Society of London (ZSL). followed with some slight modifications. Of four Falkland birds examined in the NHMUK from the ZLS, only one mentions Abbott as its source on its Abbreviations label (though this is not the original label). Specimens from Abbott arrived in the NHMUK via John Henry Loc = locality, Gurney (in particular raptors), an 1859 shipment from Col = collected by, Gould (comprising 132 birds and eggs) and from the ZLS Acq = Acquisition history, (Sharpe 1906). The Abbott labels are easy recognizable Tax = taxidermy, as they are printed labels, with Abbott’s own handwriting Pub = Publications mention the specimen or collecting on them (Figs. 2, 3). trip. This paper is not intended to re-label the specimens and nomenclature follow del Hoyo & Collar from archival research and no such research was execut- (2014, 2016). ed, although known information is given. Anatidae

MATERIAL AND METHODS Upland Goose Chloephaga picta leucoptera (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) [RMNH.AVES.230417]. Loc: Falklands The 89 birds discussed in this article were found by re- (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: November–De- searching the relevant literature (Schlegel 1862a, b, c, cember 1822. Col: voyage La Coquille, R.P. Lesson / P. d, 1863a, b, c, d, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867) and by visits Garnot. Age/sex: adult ♂. Acq: June 1835, in exchange to Naturalis on 18 December 2012, 11 February 2013 with the Paris Museum. Status: extant. Accessed: 18

Bonn zoological Bulletin 67 (2): 145–169 ©ZFMK © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at

Specimen labelling errors: birds collected on the Falkland Islands prior to 1861 147

December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Lesson & Garnot Pedestal label: [two hands] Cat no3 / leucoptera / Chloëphaga 1826–1830; Schlegel 1866. magellanica / (Gmelin) / ♀ / Falkland eilanden. Pedestal label: [two hands] Cat no1 / leucoptera / Chloëphaga Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anser magellanicus ♀ / Anas magellanica / (Gmelin) / ♂ / verzameld tijdens / de reis van magellanica Lath / Oie der Terres magellaniques Buff / pl “La Coquille” / Falkland eilanden [two hands]. Pub / 1006 / unreadable femelle / Cat No3 / Malouines. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anser magellanicus ♂ / Ans- Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 99–100): Anser magellanicus, Cat er leucopterus / Anas leucoptera Lath / Oie a ailes blanches 3, Femelle adulte, Malouines. Buff vol 9 / Brown Ill talo 40 / Cat No1 / voy La Coquille / Remark: The collection site on the label (“Falkland eilanden”) Malouines. differs from that on the underside and Schlegel 1866 (“Ma- Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 99–100): Anser magellanicus, Cat louines”). Several Latin names are cited; those on the label 1, ♂ adulte, Malouines, voyage de la Coquille. and underside differ; the primary name on the latter however Remarks: The collection site on the label (“Falkland eilan- agrees with Schlegel 1866. The notation of “adulte” is pres- den”) differs from that on the underside and Schlegel 1866 ent only in Schlegel 1866, and is lacking on the label and (“Malouines”). Several Latin names are cited, those on the underside. Gmelin is noted as the name source on the label, label and underside differ; the primary name on the latter Buffon and Latham as sources on the underside. Only Schle- however agrees with Schlegel 1866. The notation of “adulte” gel’s handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal. is present only in Schlegel 1866, and is lacking on the label In June 1835 two specimens where sent from the Paris Mu- and underside. Gmelin is noted as the name source on the seum as part of an exchange; this could be one of those birds. label, Buffon as the source on the underside. Only Schlegel’s Most likely collected by Lesson / Garnot in Nov–Dec 1822. handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal. One specimen of Chloephaga picta is missing from HMS Mentioned in the June 1835 exchange list between Paris and Beagle (Steinheimer 2004). Leiden as ‘Oie des torres Magellanicus’. The stand is ‘new’ (e.g. it has Temminck’s handwriting) and does not contain any original information / handwriting by Dufresne (the Kelp Goose Chloephaga hybrida malvinarum J.C. Phil- mounted birds from La Coquille now present in MNHN have Dufresne’s handwriting on the pedestal underside). A possi- lips, 1916 [RMNH.AVES.230431]. Loc: Falklands (ca. ble explanation is that it arrived in Leiden as an unmounted 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/sex: skin and was subsequently mounted there. adult ♂. Acq: –. Status: extant. Accessed: 18 Decem- ber 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Schlegel 1866. Pedestal label: [two hands] Cat no1 / Chloophaga hybrida / Upland Goose Chloephaga picta leucoptera (J.F. (Molina) / ♂ malvinarum Phillips / Falkland eilanden. Gmelin, 1789) [RMNH.AVES.230418]. Loc: Falklands Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anser antarcticus ♂ ad / (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/sex: Sparm. mus (ext. note la ♀ pl 5) / Cat No1 / Malouines. adult ♂. Acq: –. Status: extant. Accessed: 18 December Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 98–99): Anser antarcticus, Cat 2012. Tax: mounted. Publ: Schlegel 1866. 1, ♂ adulte, au plumage d’un blanc uniforme, Malouines: Pedestal label: [two hands]. Cat no2 / leucoptera / Chloëphaga bec noir, mais entre les narines et le front rougeatre avec des magellanica / (Gmelin) / ♂ / Falkland eilanden. taches noires. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anser magellanicus ♂ / Anser Remarks: The collection site on the label (“Falkland eilan- leucopterus / Anas leucoptera Lath. / Oie a ailes blanches den”) differs from that on the underside and Schlegel 1866 Buff v9 / Brown Ill talo 40 / Cat No2 / Malouines [one hand]. (“Malouines”). Several Latin names are cited; those on the Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 99–100): Anser magellanicus, Cat label and underside differ; the name on the latter however 2, ♂ adulte, Malouines. agrees with Schlegel 1866. The notations of “ad” and “adul- Remarks: The collection site on the label (“Falkland eilan- te” are present on the underside and in Schlegel 1866, but den”) differs from that on the underside and Schlegel 1866 lacking on the label. Phillips is noted as the name source on (“Malouines”). Several Latin names are cited; those on the the label, Sparmann’s Museum as the source on the under- label and underside differ; the primary name on the latter side. Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base of however agrees with Schlegel 1866. The notation of “adulte” the pedestal. is present only in Schlegel 1866, and is lacking on the label and underside. Gmelin is noted as the name source on the label, Buffon, Latham and Brown as sources on the under- Kelp Goose Chloephaga hybrida malvinarum J.C. Phil- side. Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base of lips, 1916 [RMNH.AVES.230432]. Loc: Falklands (ca. the pedestal. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: November–December In June 1835 two specimens where sent from the Paris Mu- 1822. Col: voyage La Coquille, R.P. Lesson / P. Garnot. seum as part of an exchange; this could be one of those birds. Most likely collected by Lesson / Garnot in Nov–Dec 1822. Age/sex: adult ♀. Acq: June 1835, in exchange with Paris One specimen of Chloephaga picta is missing from HMS Museum. Status: extant. Accessed: 18 December 2012. Beagle (Steinheimer 2004). Tax: mounted. Pub: Lesson & Garnot 1826–1830; Schle- gel 1866. Upland Goose Chloephaga picta leucoptera (J.F. Pedestal label: [two hands] Cat. no2 / Chloephaga hybrida / Gmelin, 1789) [RMNH.AVES.230419]. Loc: Falklands (Molina) / ♀ malvinarum Phillips / Verzameld tijdens / de (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/sex: reis van / “La Coquille” / Falkland eilanden [two hands]. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anser antarcticus ♀ Vieill / adult ♀. Acq: –. Status: extant. Accessed: 18 December Sparm Mus Carl pl 37 / Less Coquille pl 50 / De antarctique 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Schlegel 1866. femelle / Cat No2 / Coquille Malouines [one hand].

Bonn zoological Bulletin 67 (2): 145–169 ©ZFMK © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at

148 Justin J. F. J. Jansen

Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 98–99): Anser antarcticus, Cat 2, adult ♂. Acq: –. Status: extant. Accessed: 18 December Femelle adulte, Malouines, du voyage de la Coquille, abso- 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Schlegel 1866. lument semblable a l’individu figure par Lesson. Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat no2 / Chloëphaga poliocephala Remark: The collection site on the label (“Falkland eilanden”) / G.R. Gray / ♂ / Falkland eilanden. differs from that on the underside and Schlegel 1866 (“Ma- Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anser poliocephala / Bernicla louines”). Several Latin names are cited; those on the label inornatus ♂ / Cat no2 / Bernicla inornatus Gray / Gen of and underside differ; the name on the latter however agrees Birds (unreadable) / (unreadable line) / Malouines. with Schlegel 1866. The notation of “adulte” is present only Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 101): Anser poliocephala, Cat 2, in Schlegel 1866, and is lacking on the label and underside. Adulte, Malouines. Phillips is noted as the name source on the label, Vieillot, Remarks: The collection site on the label differs from that Sparmann’s Museum, and Lesson as the sources on the un- on the underside and Schlegel 1866. Three generic and two derside. Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base specific names are cited; those on the label and underside of the pedestal. differ; the primary binomial on the latter however agrees Mentioned in the June 1835 exchange list between Paris and with Schlegel 1866. The identification as ♂ is absent from Leiden as ‘Oie des torres Magellanicus’. Schlegel 1866 and as an adult from the label and underside. The only name source mentioned is Gray on the underside. Kelp Goose Chloephaga hybrida malvinarum J.C. Phil- Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal. lips, 1916 [RMNH.AVES.230433]. Loc: Falklands (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: in either 1858 or 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: young ♂. Acq: via John Gould Ruddy-headed Goose Chloephaga rubidiceps P.L. and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant. Accessed: 18 Sclater, 1861 [RMNH.AVES.230443]. Loc: Falklands December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott 1860, 1861; (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/ Gould 1859; Schlegel 1866; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. sex: adult ♂. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: Pedestal label: [two hands] Cat no3 / Chloephaga hybrida / extant. Accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Molina / ♂ juv. malvinarum Phillips / Abbott coll: / Frank Schlegel 1866. 1860 / Falkland eilanden. Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat no1. / Chloëphaga rubidiceps / Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anser antarcticus / ♂ jong / Sclater / ♂ / Falkland eilanden. Pooten geel, iris en bek zwart / Cat No3 / Reis van Capitain Pedestal underside: [one hand] Bernicla / Anser rubidiceps. / Abbott / Frank 1860 / Falkland. tres 1860 / ♂ / Catal No 1 / Malouines. Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 98–99): Anser antarcticus, Cat 3, Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 102): Chloephaga rubiceps, Cat ♂ dans la livree de passage, Malouines, voyage du Capitaine 1, ♂ adulte, Malouines. Abbot, acquis en 1860: pieds jaunes, vec et iris noirs (Abbot). Remarks: The collection site on the labeldiffers from that on Remarks: The collection site on the label (“Falkland eilan- the underside and Schlegel 1866. Two generic names are cit- den”) differs from that on the underside “Falkland”) and ed; those on the label and underside differ; the binomial on Schlegel 1866 (“Malouines”). Several Latin names are cited; the label however agrees with Schlegel 1866. The identifica- those on the label and underside differ; the name on the latter tion as adult is present only in Schlegel 1866. The only name however agrees with Schlegel 1866. Phillips is noted as the source mentioned is Sclater on the label. Only Schlegel’s name source on the label; no name source appears on the un- handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal. derside. Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base This specimen was acquired through the Amsterdam-based of the pedestal. dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose RMNH. AVES.230433 above) and arrived on 30 April 1860, as indi- Army Captain Charles Compton Abbott was stationed at cated on the underside. Stanley, East Falklands in 1859–1861 in the Falkland Islands Detachment. He collected many birds and attached printed labels to his specimens. These labels had his full name and Ruddy-headed Goose Chloephaga rubidiceps P.L. that of his regiment printed on one side, on the other side, he Sclater, 1861 [RMNH.AVES.230445]. Loc: Falklands noted in pen the year, collecting location and details of the (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/sex: bare parts. These original labels can be found in NHMUK. So, contra the underside and Schlegel 1866, Abbott did not –. Acq: –. Status: extant. Accessed 18 December 2012. collect while on a “voyage” or “Reis”; moreover, his name is Tax: mounted. Pub: Schlegel 1866. o misspelled in Schlegel 1866. This specimen was acquired via Label: [one hand] Cat n 3. / Chloëphaga rubidiceps / Sclater / Gustav Adolph Frank, the Amsterdam-based merchant who, Falkland eilanden. though he did not collect a single bird himself, exchanged Pedestal underside: [one hand] Chloëphaga rubidiceps / Falk- and purchased birds on a large scale with the likes of the land. Paris Museum and John Gould, both known to possess spec- Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 102): not mentioned. imens from the Falklands (in particular those collected by Remark: Notably missed by Schlegel 1866, yet only Schlegel’s C.C. Abbott). However, Frank is not mentioned as the source handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal. The only of this specimen in Schlegel 1866. name source mentioned is Sclater on the label. The collection site on the label (“Falkland eilanden”) differs from that on the underside (“Falkland”). Ashy-headed Goose Chloephaga poliocephala P.L. Sclater, 1857 [RMNH.AVES.230436]. Loc: Falklands Falkland Steamer Duck Tachyeres brachypterus (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/sex: Latham, 1790 [RMNH.AVES.230636]. Loc: Falklands

Bonn zoological Bulletin 67 (2): 145–169 ©ZFMK © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at

Specimen labelling errors: birds collected on the Falkland Islands prior to 1861 149

(ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: in either 1858 or non-extant; not found on 18 December 2012 or 11 Febru- 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♂. Acq: via John ary 2013. Tax: mounted. Pub: Schlegel 1866. Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr.; though not spec- Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 13): Fuligula cinerea, Cat 3, Indi- ified, most likely arrived on 30 April 1860. Status: ex- vidue en mue, Malouines. Remarks: Present location of specimen and the original col- tant. Accessed: 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: lector unknown. Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1866; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. Pedestal label: absent. Crested Duck Lophonetta specularioides specularioides Pedestal underside: [one hand] (unreadable) / Fuligula ci- (P.P. King, 1828) [RMNH.AVES.231375]. Loc: Falk- o o nerea / Cat N 1 / N .3 / Loggerhead Duck / ♂ / Tachyeres lands (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: either 1858 brachyptera (Lath) / Reis van Capitain Abbott / (Frank) 1860 or 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♂. Acq: via / Falkland. Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 13): Fuligula cinerea, Cat 1, ♂ John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant. adultes, Malouines, voyage de Mr. Abbot, acquis en 1860. Accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott Remarks: The collection site on the underside differs from that 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1866; Sclater 1860, in Schlegel 1866. Two generic and two specific names are 1861, 1862. cited, with the primary binomial on the underside agreeing Pedestal label: [two hands] Cat no2 / specularioides King / with Schlegel 1866. Both the underside and Schlegel 1866 Anas cristata Gmelin / ♂ / Abbott coll / Frank 1860 / Falk- identify the specimen as male, but only the latter identifies land. it as an adult. The only name source mentioned is Latham Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anas cristata Gmel / Cat No3 on the underside. Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under / ♂ / eye red, feat and beak lead color / Capt Abbot / Frank the base of the pedestal. 1860 / Falklands eilanden / (unreadable). This specimen was acquired in 1860 from the Amster- Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 39): Anas cristata, Cat 3, ♂ dam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose adultes, iles Malouines, voyage du Capitaine Abbot, acquis RMNH.AVES.230433 above). en 1860, Iris rouge, pieds et bec coleur de plomb. Remarks: The collection site on the label, underside and in Schlegel 1866 differ. Two specific names are cited, with the Falkland Steamer Duck Tachyeres brachypterus primary binomial on the underside agreeing with Schlegel Latham, 1790 [RMNH.AVES.230637]. Loc: Falkland 1866. The label, underside, and Schlegel 1866 all identify (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either 1858 or the specimen as male, but only the latter identifies it as an 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott Age/sex: adult ♂. Acq: via John adult. Two name sources are mentioned, King on the label and Gmelin on the underside. The catalogue number on the Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr.; though not spec- label doesn’t correspond with the catalogue number on the ified, most likely arrived on 30 April 1860. Status: ex- underside and in Schlegel 1866. Only Schlegel’s handwriting tant. Accessed: 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: appears under the base of the pedestal. Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1866; Sclater The bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer 1860, 1861, 1862. Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp Pedestal label: absent. Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Pedestal underside: [one hand] (unreadable)/ Fuligula cine- rea / Cat No2 / Loggerhead Duck / ♀ / Tachyeres brachyp- Crested Duck Lophonetta specularioides specularioides tera (Lath) / Van Cap Abbott / Falkland Island Detachment / (P.P. King, 1828) [RMNH.AVES.231376]. Loc: Falk- Frank / Falkland. lands (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: either 1858 Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 13): Fuligula cinerea, Cat 2, ♀ or 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♀. Acq: via adultes, Malouines, voyage de Mr. Abbot, acquis en 1860. John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant. Remarks: The collection site on the underside differs from that in Schlegel 1866. Two generic and two specific names are Accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott cited, with the primary binomial on the underside agreeing 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1866; Sclater 1860, with Schlegel 1866. Both the underside and Schlegel 1866 1861, 1862. identify the specimen as female, but only the latter identifies Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat no3 / specularioides King / Anas it as an adult. The only name source mentioned is Latham cristata Gmelin / ♀ / Abbott coll / Frank 1860 / Falkland on the underside. Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears un- eilanden. der the base of the pedestal. The text on the underside clear- Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anas cristata Gmelin / Cat No ly indicates the former existence of an original label on the 4 / ♀ / Reis van / Capt Abbot / Frank 1860 / 1860 / Oost specimen. Falkland. The bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 39): Anas cristata, Cat 4, ♀ Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp adultes, iles Malouines, voyage du Capitaine Abbot, acquis Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). en 1860, Iris rouge, pieds et bec coleur de plomb. Remarks: The collection site on the label, underside and in Schlegel 1866 differ. Two specific names are cited, with the Falkland Steamer Duck Tachyeres brachypterus primary binomial on the underside agreeing with Schlegel 1866. The label, underside, and Schlegel 1866 all identify Latham, 1790 [–]. Loc: Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° the specimen as female, but only the latter identifies it as an 51′ 10″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/sex: –. Acq: –. Status: adult. Two name sources are mentioned, King on the label

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150 Justin J. F. J. Jansen

and Gmelin on the underside. The catalogue number on the it as an adult. No name sources are mentioned. Only Schle- label doesn’t correspond with the catalogue number on the gel’s handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal. underside and in Schlegel 1866. Only Schlegel’s handwriting The bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer appears under the base of the pedestal. Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp The bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Cinnamon Teal Spatula cyanoptera cyanoptera (Vieil- lot, 1816) [RMNH.AVES.231631]. Loc: East Falkland Silver Teal Spatula versicolor fretensis (P.P. King, 1831) (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: either 1858 [RMNH.AVES.231525]. Loc: East Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ or 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♂. Acq: via 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: either 1858 or 1859. Col: John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant. C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♂. Acq: via John Gould and Accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant. Accessed 18 De- 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1866; Sclater 1860, cember 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott 1860, 1861; 1861, 1862. Gould 1859; Schlegel 1866; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. Pedestal label: [two hands] Anas Cat Nr6 / Querquedula cyan- Pedestal label: [two hands] Anas Cat no6 / Querquedula ver- optera / (Vieillot) / ♂. / Abbott coll. / Frank, 1861 / Falkland sicolor / ♂ / Abbott coll / Frank 1861 O. Falkland eilanden. eilanden. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anas versicolor, Vieillot / Cat Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anas cyanoptera / Cat No6 / no6 (major) / ♂ / van Cap. Abott / Frank 1860 Oost Falkland. ♂ / Iris geelrood, pooten geel / snavel zwart / (Abbot) / van Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 57): Anas versicolor, Cat 6, ♂ Capt Abbot / Frank 1861. Oost Falkland. adulte, ile orientales des Malouines, voyage du Capitaine Ab- Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 51–52): Anas cyanoptera, Cat 6, bot, acquis en 1860. ♂ adulte, iles Falkland, voyage du Capitaine Abbot, acquis Remarks: The collection site on the label, underside and in en 1861. Schlegel 1866 differ. Two generic names (one crossed out) Remarks: The collection site on the label, underside and are cited, with the primary binomial on the underside agree- in Schlegel 1866 differ. Two generic names are cited (one ing with Schlegel 1866. The label, underside, and Schlegel crossed out), with the primary binomial on the underside 1866 all identify the specimen as female, but only the latter agreeing with Schlegel 1866. The label, underside, and identifies it as an adult. Only one name source is mentioned, Schlegel 1866 all identify the specimen as male, but only Vieillot on the label. Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears the latter identifies it as an adult. Only one name source is under the base of the pedestal. mentioned, Vieillot on the label. Only Schlegel’s handwriting The bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer appears under the base of the pedestal. Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp The bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Silver Teal Spatula versicolor fretensis (P.P. King, 1831) [RMNH.AVES.231526]. Loc: East Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ Cinnamon Teal Spatula cyanoptera cyanoptera (Vieil- 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: either 1858 or 1859. Col: lot, 1816) [RMNH.AVES.231625]. Loc: East Falkland C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♀. Acq: via John Gould and (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: either 1858 Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant. Accessed 18 De- or 1859. Coll. C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: ♀. Acq: via John cember 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant. Ac- Gould 1859; Schlegel 1866; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. cessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott Pedestal label: [two hands] Anas Cat no7 / Querquedula versi- color / (Vieillot) / ♀ / Abbott coll: / Frank 1860 O. Falkland 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1866; Sclater 1860, eilanden. 1861, 1862. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anas versicolor / (major) / Pedestal label: [two hands] Anas Cat No11. / Querquedula dis- Catal. No7. / ♀ / Beak base yellow, remainder (unreadable) cors. (L) / ♀ / Abbott coll 1860 / Falkland eilanden. (Abbot) / van Cap. Abott / (Frank 1860) Oost Falkland. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anas discors / Cat No9 / ♀ / Iris Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 57): Anas versicolor, Cat 7, ♀ zwart, pooten en bek bruinachtig / Cap Abbot / Oost-Falk- adulte, ile orientales des Malouines, voyage du Capitaine Ab- land. bot, acquis en 1860. Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 50–51): Anas discors. Cat 9, Fe- Remarks: The name giving of the location of collecting is dif- melle, iles Falkland, voyage du Capitaine Abbot, acquis en ferent in underside, label and Schlegel 1866. The sexing of 1860. the specimen is noted in all both sources, the ageing however Remarks: The collection site on the label, underside and is only present in Schlegel 1866. Only Schlegel’s handwrit- in Schlegel 1866 differ. Two generic names are cited (one ing under the base of the pedestal. crossed out), with the primary name on the underside agree- The collection site on the label, underside and in Schlegel ing with Schlegel 1866. The label, underside, and Schlegel 1866 differ. Two generic names are cited (one crossed out), 1866 all identify the specimen as female, but none identify with the primary binomial on the underside agreeing with the age. No name source is mentioned. Only Schlegel’s hand- Schlegel 1866. The label, underside, and Schlegel 1866 all writing appears under the base of the pedestal. The identifi- identify the specimen as female, but only the latter identifies cation is incorrect.

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Specimen labelling errors: birds collected on the Falkland Islands prior to 1861 151

The bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer cessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1866; Sclater 1860, Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). 1861, 1862. Pedestal label: [two hands] Anas Cat no4 / Dafila spinicauda / Chiloe Wigeon Mareca sibilatrix (Poeppig, 1829) (Vieillot) / ♀ / Abbott coll: / Frank, 1860 / Falkland eilanden. [RMNH.AVES.230928]. Loc: Falklands (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anas spinicauda, Vieillot / Cat No4 / ♀ / pooten en bek (unreadable), het mannetje (unread- S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: in either 1858 or 1859. Col: C.C. able) / Cap. Abbot / Frank 1860 / Oost Falkland. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♂. Acq: via John Gould and Gus- Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 38–39): Anas spinicauda, Cat 4, tav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, accessed 18 Decem- ♀ adulte, iles Malouines, voyage du Captaine Abbot, acquis ber 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould en 1860. 1859; Schlegel 1866; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat no3 / Mareca sibilatrix / (Pöp- Schlegel 1866 differ. The label, underside, and Schlegel pig) / ♂ / Abbott coll. / Frank, 1860 / Falkland eilanden. 1866 all identify the specimen as female, but only the latter Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anas chiloensis / Cat No5 / ♂ / identifies it as an adult. The bird was acquired through the Capt Abbot / (Frank 1860) / Oost Falkland. Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 46): Anas chiloensis, Cat (No nu- on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as mber), ♂ adulte, iles Falkland, voyage du Capitaine Abbot, for C.C. Abbott). Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under acquis en 1860. the base of the pedestal. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Schlegel 1866 differ. The label, underside, and Schlegel 1866 all identify the specimen as male, but only the latter Yellow-billed Teal Anas flavirostris flavirostris Vieillot identifies it as an adult. Only one name source is mentioned, 1816 [RMNH.AVES.231104]. Loc: East Falkland (ca. Poeppig on the label. The bird was acquired through the Am- 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either 1858 or sterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived on 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♂. Acq: via John 30 April 1860 (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, ac- C.C. Abbott). Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the cessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott base of the pedestal. 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1866; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. Yellow-billed Pintail Anas georgica spinicauda Vieillot, Pedestal label: [two hands] Anas Cat no1 / Nettion / Anas flavi- 1816 [RMNH.AVES.231462]. Loc: East Falkland (ca. rostris / (Vieillot) / ♂ / Abbott coll: / Frank, 1860 / Falkland 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either 1858 or eilanden. 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♂. Acq: via John Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anas flavirostris Vieillot / Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, ac- Cat 3 / Querquedula anaustirostra Philippi & Landbeck / cessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott (1863) (unreadable) / ♂ / oogen zwart, snavel geel / zwart in / een lijn op de bovenkaak zwart / pooten roodkleurig groen- 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1866; Sclater 1860, achtig / (Abbot) / Capt Abbot / (frank 1860 / Falkland. 1861, 1862. Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 59): Anas flavirostris, Cat 1, ♂ o Pedestal label: [two hands] Anas Cat n 3 / Dafila spinicauda / adultes, iles Falkland, voyage de Mr. Abbot, acquis en 1860. (Vieillot) / ♂ / Abbott coll. / Frank, 1860 / Falkland eilanden. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in o Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anas spinicauda / Cat N 3 / Schlegel 1866 differ. The label, underside, and Schlegel ♂ / (unreadable) zwart, snavel geel, bovenkaak aan de / kant 1866 all identify the specimen as male, but only the latter van top met een zwarten band (zeldzaam) / van Capit Abbott identifies it as an adult. Only one name source is mentioned, / Frank 1860 / Oost Falkland. Phillippi & Landbeck on the underside. Its catalogue num- Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 38–39): Anas spinicauda, Cat 3, ber is 3, and wrongly labelled at the label and in Schlegel ♂ adulte, iles Malouines, voyage du Captaine Abbot, acquis 1866. The bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based en 1860. dealer Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Schlegel 1866 differ. The label, underside, and Schlegel Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base of the 1866 all identify the specimen as male, but only the latter pedestal. identifies it as an adult. Only one name source is mentioned, Vieillot on the label. The bird was acquired through the Am- sterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived on Yellow-billed Teal Anas flavirostris flavirostris Vieillot 30 April 1860 (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for 1816 [RMNH.AVES.231105]. Loc: Falklands (ca. 51° C.C. Abbott). Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: in either 1858 or 1859. base of the pedestal. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♀. Acq: via John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, accessed 18 Yellow-billed Pintail Anas georgica spinicauda Vieillot, December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1866; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. 1816 [RMNH.AVES.231463]. Loc: East Falkland (ca. o 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either 1858 or Pedestal label: [two hands] Anas Cat n 2 / Nettion / flavirostris / (Vieillot) / ♀ / Abbott coll: / Frank 1860 / Falkland eilanden. 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♀. Acq: via John Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anas flavirostris Vieillot / Cat Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, ac- 4 / ♀ / Capt Abbot / Frank 1860 / Falkland.

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152 Justin J. F. J. Jansen

Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 59): Anas flavirostris, Cat 2, Fe- melle adultes, iles Falkland, voyage de Mr. Abbot, acquis en 1860. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Schlegel 1866 differ. The label, underside, and Schlegel 1866 all identify the specimen as female, but only the latter identifies it as an adult. At the underside cat 4 is mentioned, this is incorrect, it’s 2. The bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal.

Yellow-billed Teal Anas flavirostris flavirostris Vie- illot 1816 [RMNH.AVES.231106]. Loc: Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/ sex: adult. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: ex- tant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Schlegel 1866. Pedestal label: [two hands] Anas Cat no3 / Nettion / flavirostris / Vieillot / ad. / Frank 1861 / Falkland eilanden. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Anas flavirostris / Vieillot / Cat No5 / Frank / 1861 / Falkland. Schlegel 1866 (Tome VI, 31: 59): Anas flavirostris, Cat 3, Indi- vidu des iles Falkland, 1861. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Schlegel 1866 differ. The label only notices the ageing. The bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gus- tav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433). Fig. 1. White-tufted Grebe Rollandia rolland rolland (RMNH. Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base of the AVES.107453), collected Falklands, by C.C. Abbott (photo- pedestal. graph by Justin Jansen, 18 December 2012; © Naturalis Biodi- versity Center, Leiden).

Podicipedidae (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/ sex: adult ♂. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: White-tufted Grebe Rollandia rolland rolland (Quoy & extant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Publ: Gaimard, 1824) [RMNH.AVES.107453]. Loc: Falklands Schlegel 1867. (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/ Pedestal label 1: [one hand] Cat no2 / Podiceps rollandi / Gould sex: adult ♂. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: / ♂ / Frank / Falkland eilanden. extant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Pedestal label 2: [one hand] Podiceps Rollandii / ♂ ad: Cat 2 / Malouines. Schlegel 1867. (Figs 1, 2) o Pedestal underside: [one hand] Podiceps rollandii ♂ / Uranie Pedestal label 1: [one hand] Cat n 1 / Podiceps rollandi / Gould pl 36 / Cat No 2 / Grébe rolland / Par Frank / Malouines. Het / ♂ / Falkland eilanden. oude ♀ (unreadable / (unreadable) / oude ♂. Pedestal label 2: [one hand] Podiceps Rollandii / ♂. ad: Cat: Schlegel 1867 (Tome VI, 33: 42): Podiceps rollandii, Cat 2, 1 / Malouines. o Mâles adultes, Malouines. Tag: [one hand] Podiceps rollandii ♂ / Cat. N 1 / Malouines. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Pedestal underside: [one hand] Podiceps rollandii ♂ / Less o Schlegel 1867 differ. The label, underside, and Schlegel Uran pl 36 / Cat N 1 / Grébe roland / Malouines. 1866 all identify the specimen as male, but only the latter Schlegel 1867 (Tome VI, 33: 42): Podiceps rollandii, Cat 1, identifies it as an adult, but also at the underside it is identi- Mâles adultes, Malouines. fied as adult ♀. The bird was acquired through the Amster- Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and dam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose in Schlegel 1867 differ. One label has adult and the other RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). One specimen is has male, the latter applies also for the underside. The bird missing from HMS Beagle (Steinheimer 2004). Only Schle- was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav gel’s handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal. Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433). One specimen is missing from HMS Beagle (Steinheimer 2004). Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base of the White-tufted Grebe Rollandia rolland rolland (Quoy & pedestal. Gaimard, 1824) [RMNH.AVES.107455]. Loc: East Falk- land (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either White-tufted Grebe Rollandia rolland rolland (Quoy & 1858 or 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♀. Acq: Gaimard, 1824) [RMNH.AVES.107454]. Loc: Falklands via John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: ex-

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Specimen labelling errors: birds collected on the Falkland Islands prior to 1861 153

Fig. 2. White-tufted Grebe Rollandia rolland rolland (RMNH.AVES.107453), Pedestal underside (photograph by Justin Jansen, 18 December 2012; © Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden). tant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Schle- Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould 1859, Schlegel 1867; Sclater gel 1867. 1860, 1861, 1862. Pedestal label 1: [two hands] P. o. occipitalis Garnot. Cat no1 Pedestal label 1: [one hand] Cat no3 / Podiceps rollandi / Gould / Podiceps calipareus / Less. / ♂ / Frank / Falkland eilanden. / ♀ / Capt Abbot / Stanley / 1859 / O. Falkland eilanden. Pedestal label 2: [one hand] Podiceps occipitalis / ♂ Cat: 1 / Pedestal label 2: [one hand] Podiceps Rollandii / ♀ ad: Cat: 3. Malouines. île orientale des / Malouines / Mr Abbot Stanley / 1859. Tag: [one hand] Podiceps occipitalis. cat 1. Frank. Malouines. Tag: [one hand] Podiceps rollandii / ♀ Cat. No 3 / Capt. Abbot Pedestal underside: [one hand] Podiceps occipitalis / calipa- Stanley / 1859 / Oost Falkland. reus ♂. / Less. Coquille pl 4 / Cat. 1 / Grebe aux belles joues Pedestal underside: [one hand] Podiceps rollandii / ♀ / Cat No / p. Frank / Malouines. 3 / Capt. Abbot Stanley / 1859 / Oost Falkland. Schlegel 1867 (Tome VI, 33: 41): Podiceps occipitalis, Cat 1, Schlegel 1867 (Tome VI, 33: 42): Podiceps rollandii, Cat 3, ♂ au plumage parfait, Malouines. Femelle adulte, absolument semblable au ♂ adulte; île orien- Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in tale des Malouines. Voyage de Mr. Abbot Standley, acquise Schlegel 1867 differ. The labels, tag, underside, and Schlegel en 1859. 1867 all identify the specimen as male, but only the latter Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in identifies it as an adult. The bird was acquired through the Schlegel 1867 differ. The labels, tag, underside, and Schle- Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp gel 1867 all identify the specimen as female, but only the Goose RMNH.AVES.230433). One specimen is missing latter and one of the labels identifies it as an adult. The bird from HMS Beagle (Steinheimer 2004). Only Schlegel’s was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal. Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal. Southern Silvery Grebe Podiceps occipitalis occipital- is Garnot, 1826 [RMNH.AVES.107609]. Loc: Falklands (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: November–De- Southern Silvery Grebe Podiceps occipitalis occipital- cember 1822. Col: voyage La Coquille, R.P. Lesson / is Garnot, 1826 [RMNH.AVES.107612]. Loc: Falkland P. Garnot. Age/sex: adult ♀. Acq: April 1825 received (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/ in exchange with the Paris Museum. Status: extant, ac- sex: ♂. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant,

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154 Justin J. F. J. Jansen cessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Lesson & where it is collected. Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears Garnot 1826–1830; Schlegel 1867. under the base of the pedestal. Pedestal label 1: [two hands] P.o. occipitalis Garnot Cat: no2 / If voyage de l’Astrolabe et de la Zelee is correct: Possibly Podiceps calipareus / Less. / ♀ April 1825 Falkland eilanden. collected at Ciudad del Rey Don Felipe or elsewhere in the Tag: [one hand] P occipitalis ♀ / Cat No2 / April 1825 / Mal- straits of Patagonia, (not the Falklands). Col: collect- ouines. ed at the expeditions with the Astrolabe and Zélée, Jacques Pedestal underside: [two hands] Podiceps occipitalis / Po- Bernard Hombron or Honore Jacquinot. Date: December diceps calipareus / ♀ / Less. / Grèbe aux belles Joues / Les 1836–January 1837. Sex/age: Adult. Acquisition: from the Coquille pl 45 / Cat 2 / Avril 1825 Avril 1825. / Malouines. Paris museum in 1842. Schlegel 1867 (Tome VI, 33: 41): Podiceps occipitalis, Cat If 1835 is correct: Loc: Falklands (51°45’S 59°00’W). Col: 2, Femelle au plumage parfait, absolument semblable aux voyage La Coquille, P. Lesson / P. Garnot. Date: November– males en parure, tuee en Avril 1825, Malouines. December 1822. Sex/age: adult. Acquisition: June 1835 re- Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in ceived in exchange with the Paris Museum. Schlegel 1867 differ. The label, tag, underside, and Schlegel 1867 all identify the specimen as female, but only the latter identifies it as an adult. Its origin could be traced from one King Penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus J.F. Mill- of the acquisition books in MNHN, that clearly shows the er, 1778 [RMNH.AVES.107286]. Loc: Falklands exchange of this bird to Temminck in April 1825. (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: November–De- cember 1822. Col: voyage La Coquille, P. Lesson / P. Southern Silvery Grebe Podiceps occipitalis occipitalis Garnot. Age/sex: adult. Acq: June 1835 received in ex- Garnot, 1826 [RMNH.AVES.107610]. Loc: East Falk- change with the Paris Museum. Status: extant, accessed land (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in 1858. 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Lesson & Gar- Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♂. Acq: via John Gould not 1826–1830; Schlegel 1867. and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, accessed 18 Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat no.2 / Aptenodytes patachonica December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott 1860, 1861; / Forster / Falkland eilanden. o Gould 1859, Schlegel 1867; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Spenicurus Pennantii / Cat n Pedestal label 1: [two hands] P. o. occipitalis Garnot Cat no3 / 2 / Iles Malouines. Podiceps calipareus / Less. / ♂ / Kapt: Abbot / Stanley 1859 Schlegel 1867 (Tome VI, 33: 3): Spenicurus pennantii, Cat 2, / Oost-Falkland. Adulte, Iles Malouines, acquis en 1835. Pedestal label 2: [one hand] Podiceps occipitalis / 1859 ♂. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Cat: 3. Iîe orient des, / / Voy. Abbot Stanly / Malouines. Schlegel 1867 differ. The ageing is only present in Schlegel Tag: [one hand] Podiceps occipitalis / ♂ Cat 3 / Capt Abbot 1867. Notable is the lack of the note appearing in Schlegel Stanley / 1859 / Oost-Falkland. 1867 that it was purchased in 1835, this is missing from both Pedestal underside: [two hands] Podiceps occipitalis / ♂ / Cat label as underside. Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears un- 3 / Capt. Abbot Stanley / 1859 / Oost-Falkland. der the base of the pedestal. Schlegel 1867 (Tome VI, 33: 41): Podiceps occipitalis, Cat 3, ♂ au plumage parfait, ile orientale des Malouines, voyage de Mr. Abbot Stanley, acquis en 1859. King Penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus J.F. Miller, 1778 Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in [–]. Loc: Falklands (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: Schlegel 1867 differ. The labels, tag, underside, and Schlegel –. Col: –. Age/sex: adult. Acq: –. Status: non-extant, not 1867 all identify the specimen as male, but only the latter found. Tax: –. Pub: Schlegel 1867. identifies it as an adult. The bird was acquired through the Schlegel 1867 (Tome VI, 33: 3): Spenicurus pennantii, Cat 2, Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Adulte, Malouines. Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Remark: Little information is available.

Spheniscidae Gentoo Penguin Pygoscelis papua papua (J.R. For- ster, 1781) [RMNH.AVES.107252]. Loc: Falkland (ca. King Penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus J.F. Miller, 1778 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/sex: [RMNH.AVES.107287]. Loc: –. Date: –. Col: –. Age/ adult. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, sex: adult. Acq: from the Paris museum. Status: extant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Schle- accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Schle- gel 1867. gel 1867. Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat no1 / Pygoscelis papua / (For- Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat no1 / Aptenodytes patachonica / ster) / Falkland eilanden. Forster / 1835 / Falkland eilanden. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Spheniscus papua / Apteno- Pedestal underside: [one hand] Aptenodytes patachonica / Cat dytes papuaensis / Cat 1 / Manchot (unreadable) Sonner. Pl No1 / Paris 1835 / Malouines. 115 / (unreadable) parfaite / Par Frank / Iles Falkland / Ma- Schlegel 1867 (Tome VI, 33: 5–6): Adulte, Malouines, voyage louines. de l’Astrolabe et de la Zelee. Schlegel 1867 (Tome VI, 33: 5): Sphenicurus papua, Cat 1, Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Adulte, Malouines. Schlegel 1867 differ. The ageing is only present in Schle- Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in gel 1867. Either the date 1835 is incorrect or the expedition Schlegel 1867 differ. The ageing is only present in Schlegel

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Specimen labelling errors: birds collected on the Falkland Islands prior to 1861 155

1867. The bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based sex: adult. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: ex- dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose RMNH. tant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: AVES.230433). Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under Schlegel 1867. the base of the pedestal. Pedestal label: [two hands] Eudyptes chrysolophus (Brandt) Cat. no1 / Catarrhactes chrysolophus / Brandt / ♂ / Frank / Gentoo Penguin Pygoscelis papua papua (J.R. Forster, Falkland Eilanden. Pedestal underside: [three hands] Spheniscus diamematus / 1781) [RMNH.AVES.107253]. Loc: Possibly collected chrysolophus / ♂ adult / Gould Proc an 1837 p 3 / Apteno- at Ciudad del Rey Don Felipe or elsewhere in the straits dytes cirhata Miller pl (unreadable) / Cat 1 / pr Frank / (line of Patagonia, Chile (not the Falklands). Date: December unreadable) / Bec rouge (two unreadable words) / Iles Falk- 1836–January 1837. Col: collected at the expeditions land. with the Astrolabe and Zélée, Jacques Bernard Hombron Schlegel 1867 (Tome VI, 33: 8): Adulte, Malouines. or Honore Jacquinot. Age/sex: adult ♀. Acq: from the Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Paris museum in 1842. Status: extant, accessed 18 De- Schlegel 1867 differ. The label, underside, and Schlegel 1867 cember 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Blanchard et al. 1854; all identify the specimen as male, but only the latter identi- fies it as an adult. The bird was acquired through the Am- Schlegel 1867. o sterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat n 2 / Pygoscelis papua / (For- RMNH.AVES.230433). ster) / ♀ / Falkland eilanden. Pedestal underside: [two hands] Spheniscus papua / Apteno- dytes papuaensis ♀ / ♀ / Sonnerat / Cat 2 / Voyage Astrolabe Fjordland Penguin Eudyptes pachyrhynchus G.R. / Voy Astrolabe a Zelee / Malouines / Malouines. Gray, 1845 [RMNH.AVES.107258]. Loc: Falkland Schlegel 1867 (Tome VI, 33: 5): Sphenicurus papua, Cat 2, (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/ Femelle adulte, Malouines, voyage de l’Astrolabe et de la sex: adult. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: ex- Zelee. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in tant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Schlegel 1867 differ. The sexing of the specimen is noted in Schlegel 1867. o all sources, the ageing however is only present in Schlegel Pedestal label: [two hands] Eudyptes pachyrhynchus Cat. n 2 1867. The label, underside, and Schlegel 1867 all identify / G.R. Gray / Catarrhactes pachyrhynchus / (G.R. Gray) / the specimen as female, but only the latter identifies it as an Falkland eilanden. adult. Two name sources are mentioned, Forster on the label Pedestal underside: [one hand] (unreadable) Gould / Spheni- and Sonnerat on the underside. Arrived in 1842 from the Par- curus chrysocome / unreadable / Cat 2 / Gould Proc 1857 p is Museum (part on exchange between Temminck and Paris). 310. / (unreadable)/ île Falkland. Pedestal underside sticker: Un très vieil et bel individu de la Nouv. Zél., et appartenant à M. Frank est d’une taille un peu Chinstrap Penguin Pygoscelis antarcticus (J.R. Forster, plus forte, le bec est plus grand et les teintes foncées sont 1781) [RMNH.AVES.107250]. Loc: Possibly collected d’un noir plus intense, Schlegel. at Ciudad del Rey Don Felipe or elsewhere in the straits Schlegel 1867 (Tome VI, 33: 6–7): Adulte, Malouines. of Patagonia, Chile (not the Falklands). Date: December Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in 1836–January 1837. Col: collected at the expeditions Schlegel 1867 differ. Ageing only present in Schlegel 1865, with the Astrolabe and Zélée, Jacques Bernard Hombron note the different Latin names. The bird was acquired through or Honore Jacquinot. Age/sex: adult. Acq: from the Paris the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433). museum in 1842. Status: extant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Publ: Blanchard et al. 1854; Schle- gel 1867. Fjordland Penguin Eudyptes pachyrhynchus G.R. Gray, Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat no1 / Pygoscelis antarctica / 1845 [RMNH.AVES.107249]. Loc: , (Forster) / Falkland eilanden. Falkland (ca. 52° 53′ 11″ S, 59° 12′ 13″ W). Date: –. Col: Pedestal underside: [one hand] Sphenicurus antarctica / Mill- –. Age/sex: adult. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Sta- er pl 40 / (unreadable crossed) / Cat 1 / (unreadable crossed) / tus: extant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. M Paris Astrolabe et de Zelee / (unreadable) / Regiones Ant- Pub: Schlegel 1867. arctiques / Malouines. o Schlegel 1867 (Tome VI, 33: 5–6): Adulte, Malouines, voyage Pedestal label: [two hands] Eudyptes pachyrhynchus Cat n .3 de l’Astrolabe et de la Zelee. / (G.R. Gray) / Catarrhactes pachyrhynchus / (G.R. Gray) / Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Beauchene / Frank, 1861 / Falkland eilanden. Pedestal underside: [three hands] Spheniscus chrysolophus / Schlegel 1867 differ. Only in Schlegel 1867 the specimen is o aged. Arrived in 1842 from the Paris Museum (part on ex- (unreadable) in Gould / Cat n 2 / île Beauchesne / Frank 1861 change between Temminck and Paris Museum). Only Schle- / Malouines. gel’s handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal. Pedestal underside sticker: Bought from Beauchene / island by the sealers / Frank 1861 [two hands]. Schlegel 1867 (Tome VI, 33: 7): Spheniscus chrysolophus, Cat Macaroni Penguin Eudyptes chrysolophus J.F. von 2, Albinos, rapporte de l’ile Beachene, Malouines, 1861. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Brandt, 1837 [RMNH.AVES.107247]. Loc: Falkland Schlegel 1867 differ. The origin is only documented at the (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/ label (Frank). The bird was acquired through the Amster-

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156 Justin J. F. J. Jansen

dam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in RMNH.AVES.230433). Schlegel 1867 differ, and two birds are involved (Schle- Spheniscus magellanicus J.R. For- gel 1863b: 22). Notable is the lack of catalogue number in Schlegel 1863b. The bird was acquired through the Amster- ster, 1781 [RMNH.AVES.107261]. Loc: Falkland (ca. dam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/sex: RMNH.AVES.230433). A specimen is missing from HMS adult. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, Beagle (Steinheimer 2004). Only Schlegel’s handwriting ap- accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Schle- pears under the base of the pedestal. gel 1867. Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat no2 / Spheniscus demersus / magellanicus / (Forster) / Frank / Falkland eilanden. Phalacrocoracidae Pedestal underside: [one hand] Spheniscus demersus / Cat N 4 / Nov spec! = Apt. demersa var C. Vieillot / Finsch / ex Rock Shag Phalacrocorax magellanicus J.F. Gmelin, Pernetti Voy aux iles Malouines II p 17 / Pernetti, P. / Frank 1789 [RMNH.AVES.107973]. Loc: Magdalena Island / Iles Malouines. Schlegel 1867 (Tome VI, 33: 10–12): Spheniscus demersus, (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/ Cat 4, Individu au passage à la livrée parfaite, Malouines. sex: adult ♂. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in extant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Schlegel 1867 differ. Frank is missing from Schlegel. Finsch Schlegel 1863a. thought it was a new species for science. The bird was ac- Pedestal label: [two hands] Phalacrocorax magellanicus / quired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Graculus magellanicus / m. Cat No 1 / Malouines. Frank (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433). Only Schle- Pedestal underside: [one hand] Graculus / Carbo magellan- gel’s handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal. icus ♂ / Forster voy / Cat No 1 / Frank / Ile Magdalena / Malouines. Magellanic Penguin Spheniscus magellanicus J.R. For- Schlegel 1863a (Tome VI, 21: 21): Graculus magellanicus, Cat ster, 1781 [RMNH.AVES.107262]. Loc: Falkland (ca. 1, ♂ adulte, Malouines. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/sex: Schlegel 1863a differ. Ageing only appears in Schlegel 1853a Adult. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, as aged and sexed. Due to the remark of Magdalena Island accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Schle- (52°55’S 70°35’W) on the pedestal underside, the known ex- gel 1867. pedition that visited this place was the voyage de l’Astrolabe Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat no3 / Spheniscus demersus / et de la Zelee and could be the source. The bird was acquired magellanicus / (Forster) / Frank / Falkland eilanden. through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank Pedestal underside: [one hand] sp nov. (unreadable) Finsch / (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433). Only Schlegel’s Black-footed Penguin (unreadable) / Spheniscus demersus / handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal. Cat No.5 / Via Frank / Malouines. Schlegel 1867 (Tome VI, 33: 10–12): Spheniscus demersus, Rock Shag Phalacrocorax magellanicus J.F. Gmelin, Cat 5, Individu au plumage imparfait, mais offerant la taille 1789 [RMNH.AVES.107972]. Loc: Magdalena Island des adultes, Malouines. (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/ Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Schlegel 1867 differ. Notable if difference in Latin names sex: adult ♀. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: at the label and underside, the latter is in line with Schlegel extant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: 1867. The bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based Schlegel 1863a. dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose RMNH. Pedestal label: [two hands] Phalacrocorax magellanicus / AVES.230433). Graculus magellanicus / f. Cat No 2 / Malouines. Tag: [one hand] Graculus magellanicus / Cat: No 2 ♀ / Frank. Malouines. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Graculus / Carbo magellani- Procellariidae cus / Forster voy / Cat No 2 / Frank / Malouines. Note Pedestal label: [one hand] Ile Magdalena / (unreadable) / Slender-billed Prion Pachyptila belcheri Mathews, 1912 le brun / (unreadable) orange / (unreadable). [RMNH.AVES.107095]. Loc: Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, Schlegel 1863a (Tome VI, 21: 21): Graculus magellanicus, Cat 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: February 1860. Col: –. Age/sex: –. 2, Femelle adulte, Malouines. Acq: via John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Sta- Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Schlegel 1863a differ. The tag, and Schlegel 1863a all iden- tus: extant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. tify the specimen as female, but only the latter identifies it as Pub: Schlegel 1863b. an adult. Due to the remark of Magdalena Island (52°55’S Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat.no2 / Prion ariel / Gould / Feb- 70°35’W) on the pedestal underside, the known expedition ruari 1860 / Frank 1863 / Falkland eilanden. that visited this place was the voyage de l’Astrolabe et de la Pedestal underside: [one hand] Procellaria ariel Gould / Fr. Zelee and could be the source. The bird was acquired through turtur Kuhl, Dser, p 143, pl8 / Cat No2 / February 1860 / the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Falkland Island / Frank / 1863. Goose RMNH.AVES.230433). Only Schlegel’s handwriting Schlegel 1863b (Tome VI, 22: 18): Individu des Mers de l’Aus- appears under the base of the pedestal. tralie, obtenus en 1863 de Mr Gould.

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Specimen labelling errors: birds collected on the Falkland Islands prior to 1861 157

Rock Shag Phalacrocorax magellanicus J.F. Gmelin, Pedestal underside: [one hand] Haematopus (unreadable and 1789 [RMNH.AVES.107971]. Loc: East Falkland (ca. crossed) / (3 words unreadable and crossed) / luctuosus Cuv o 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in 1860. Col: C.C. / Frank / Cat. N 1 / Malouines. Schlegel 1865 (Tome IV, 29:74): Haematopus luctuosus, Cat 1, Abbott. Age/sex: ♂. Acq: via John Gould and Gustav Adulte, iles Malouines. Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, accessed 18 December Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould Schlegel 1865 differ. Both the underside and Schlegel 1866 1859; Schlegel 1863a; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. identify the specimen as female, but only the latter identi- Pedestal label: [two hands] Phalacrocorax magellanicus / fies it as an adult. The bird was acquired through the Am- Graculus magellanicus / m. Cat No3 / voy. Cap. Abbot / 1861 sterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose / Malouines. RMNH.AVES.230433), note the source is only present at the Tag: [one hand] Graculus magellanicus / ♂ Cat.3 / Abbot / underside. Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the Frank 1861 / Oost-Falkland. base of the pedestal. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Graculus magellanicus / ♂ / Cat No3 / Abbot / Frank 1861 / Oost-Falkland. Schlegel 1863a (Tome VI, 21: 21): Graculus magellanicus, Magellanic Oystercatcher Haematopus leucopodus Cat 3, Male, habit de passage, ile orientale des Malouines, Garnot, 1826 [RMNH.AVES.224449]. Loc: East Falk- voyage du captaine Abbot, acquis en 1861. land (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either Remark: The name giving of the location of collecting is dif- 1858 or 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult. Acq: via fers. The label, underside, and Schlegel 1866 all identify the John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, specimen as male, but is not present at the label. The bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Publ: Abbott Adolph Frank and arrived on 21 April 1861 (see Kelp Goose 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1865; Sclater 1860, RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Only Schlegel’s 1861, 1862. handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal. Pedestal label: [one hand] Haematopus luctuosus / ad. Cat: 2. Ile Orient des / Malouines / Mr Abbot Stanley / 1860. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Haematopus luctuosus / Cat. No2 / Capt / Abbot Stanley / 1860 / Oost-Falkland. Chionidae Schlegel 1865 (Tome IV, 29:74): Haematopus luctuosus, Cat 2, Adulte, ile orientale des Malouines, voyage du Capitaine Snowy Sheathbill Chionis albus J.F. Gmelin, 1789 Abbot Stanley, acquis en 1860. [RMNH.AVES.223734]. Loc: –. Date: –. Col: –. Age/ Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Schlegel 1865 differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- sex: –. Acq: –. Status: extant, accessed 11 February 2013. correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. Both the label Tax: skin. Pub: –. and Schlegel 1865 identify the specimen as adult, it lacks Tag: [one hand] Kat.No1. Ad / Chionis alba (Gml) – Cat. Br. at the underside. The bird was acquired through the Amster- M. XXIV. p 710 / Tem.Pl.col.509 (not Type) / “Falkland Is- dam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 lands” / No origin! / “Nouv.Zelande ‘Temmik” / “Chatham April 1860 (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for Isl. Schlegel. C.C. Abbott). Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the Tag (Backside): [one hand] Chionis vaginalis, Forst. -vaginalis base of the pedestal. / alba, Sull, – bec en foureau blanc / Tem. Pl. Col 509. Nouv Zelande “old / label written by Temminck”. Pedestal underside: removed. Remark: Due to two different locations mentioned on the tag, Charadriidae is uncertain if the specimen was collected at either “New Zealand”, “Chatham Islands” or the “Falklands”. The bird Two-banded Plover Charadrius falklandicus was skinned after first been mounted, the information on the Latham, 1790 [RMNH.AVES.223949]. Loc: Falkland pedestal underside and the label is not contained. Possibly (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/ this was transcribed on the tag by Otto Finsch. sex: adult. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: ex- tant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Schlegel 1865. Haematopodidae Pedestal label: [one hand] Charadrius falklandicus / Ad Cat 1 / Malouines. Magellanic Oystercatcher Haematopus leucopodus Pedestal underside: [one hand] Charadrius falklandicus / Lath Garnot, 1826 [RMNH.AVES.224449]. Loc: Falkland / (unreadable words) / pr Frank Cat N1 / Malouines. (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/sex: Schlegel 1865 (Tome IV, 29: 36): Charadrius falklandicus, Cat adult. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, 1, Adulte, Malouines. Remark: The ageing however is absent on the underside. accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott Handwriting from Temminck indicates an old specimen, 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1865; Sclater 1860, possible secured due to one of the exchanges with the Pa- 1861, 1862. risian Museum. The bird was acquired through the Amster- Pedestal label: [one hand] Haematopus luctuosus / ad. Cat: 1 dam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose / îles Malouines. RMNH.AVES.230433), note the source is only present at the

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158 Justin J. F. J. Jansen

underside. Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the Publ: Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1865; base of the pedestal. Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. Pedestal label: [one hand] Morinellus modestus / ♂ Cat: 1 / Ile Two-banded Plover Charadrius falklandicus Latham, Orients des / Mr Abbot Stanley / 1860 / Malouines. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Morinellus modestus / ♂ / Cat 1790 [RMNH.AVES.223954]. Loc: East Falkland (ca. o 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either 1858 or N 1 / Capt. / Abbot Stanly / 1860 / Oost Falkland. Schlegel 1865 (Tome IV, 29: 48): Morinellus modestus, Cat 1, 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♂. Acq: via John ♂ au plumage parfait, ile orientale des Malouines, voyage de Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, ac- Mr. Abbot Stanley, acquis en 1860. cessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1865; Sclater 1860, Schlegel 1865 differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- 1861, 1862. correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. The label, un- Pedestal label: [one hand] Charadrius falklandicus / ♂ ad. Cat: derside, and Schlegel 1865 all identify the specimen as male, 2 / Abbot Stanley / 1860 / Ile orient des / Malouines. but only the latter identifies it as an adult. The bird was ac- Pedestal underside: [one hand] Charadrius / falklandicus / ♂ / quired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Cat No2 / Capt / Abbot Stanley / 1860 / Oost Falkland. Frank (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Schlegel 1865 (Tome IV, 29: 36): Charadrius falklandicus, Cat Abbott). Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base 2, ♂ adult, ile orientale des Malouines, voyage du Capitaine of the pedestal. Abbot Stanley, acquis en 1860. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Schlegel 1865 differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- Rufous-chested Plover Charadrius modestus M.H.C. correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. The label, un- Lichteinstein, 1823 [RMNH.AVES.226063]. Loc: East derside, and Schlegel 1866 all identify the specimen as male, Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in but only label and Schlegel identifies it as an adult ♂. The either 1858 or 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♀. bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gus- Acq: via John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Sta- tav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under tus: extant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. the base of the pedestal. Publ: Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1865; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. Pedestal label: [one hand] Morinellus modestus / ♀ Cat: 2 / île Two-banded Plover Charadrius falklandicus Latham, Orients des / Mr. Abbot Stanley / 1860 / Malouines. 1790 [RMNH.AVES.223955]. Loc: East Falkland (ca. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Morinellus modestus / ♀ Vat. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either 1858 or No 2 / eye black / Capt. / Abbot Stanly / 1860 / Oost falkland. 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♀. Acq: via John Schlegel 1865 (Tome IV, 29: 48): Morinellus modestus, Cat 2, Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, ac- ♀ au plumage parfait, ile orientale des Malouines, voyage de cessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Publ: Abbott Mr. Abbot Stanley, acquis en 1860. 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1865; Sclater 1860, Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Schlegel 1865 differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- 1861, 1862. correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. The label, un- Pedestal label: [one hand] Charadrius falklandicus / 1860. ♀ derside, and Schlegel 1865 all identify the specimen as fe- ad Cat: 3 / Ile orient des / Abbot Stanley / Malouines. male, but only the latter identifies it as an adult. The bird Pedestal underside: [one hand] Charadrius / falklandicus / ♀ / Cat No 3 / eye black / Capt. Abbot / Stanley / 1860 / Oost was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Falkland. Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for Schlegel 1865 (Tome IV, 29: 36): Charadrius falklandicus, Cat C.C. Abbott). Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the 3, ♀ adult, ile orientale des Malouines, voyage du Capitaine base of the pedestal. Abbot Stanley, acquis en 1860. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis chilensis (Molina, Schlegel 1865 differ. The name Abbott was transcribed incor- 1782) [RMNH.AVES.31529]. Loc: East Falkland (ca. rectly at label, underside and in Schlegel. The label, under- side, and Schlegel 1866 all identify the specimen as female, 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either 1858 or but only the label and Schlegel identifies it as an adult ♀. The 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: –. Acq: via John Gould bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gus- and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, accessed tav Adolph Frank see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Publ: Abbott 1860, for C.C. Abbott). Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1865; Sclater 1860, 1861, the base of the pedestal. 1862. Pedestal label: [two hands] occidentalis Cat 7 / Vanellus cay- Rufous-chested Plover Charadrius modestus M.H.C. ennensis / ad. cat. 9 / Île orientale des / Mr. Abbot Stanley / Lichteinstein, 1823 [RMNH.AVES.226062]. Loc: East 1860 / Malouines. Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in Pedestal underside: [one hand] Vanellus cayennensis / Capt. / Cat. No 9 / Abbot Stanley / 1860 / Oostfalkland. either 1858 or 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♂. Schlegel 1865 (Tome IV, 29: 57–58): Vanellus cayennensis, Cat Acq: via John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Sta- 9, Adulte a tarses seulement longs de 2 pouces, ile orientale tus: extant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. des Malouines, voyage de Mr Abbot Stanley, acquis en 1860.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 67 (2): 145–169 ©ZFMK © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at

Specimen labelling errors: birds collected on the Falkland Islands prior to 1861 159

Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1864; Sclater 1860, 1861, Schlegel 1865 differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- 1862. correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. The bird was ac- Pedestal label: [two hands] Tringa Bonapartei / Cat. 10 6 / quired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Stanley 1860 / Malouines. Frank (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Pedestal underside: [two hands] Tringa Bonapartei / Cat No 10 Abbott). Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base / Capt / Abbott Stanley / 1860 / Oost Falkland. of the pedestal. Schlegel 1864 (Tome V, 27: 43–43): Tringa bonapartei, Cat 10, Individu dans la livrée d’hiver. Tués dans l’ile orientale Thinocoridae des Malouines voyage du Capitaine Abbot Stanley, acquis en 1860. Least Seedsnipe Thinocorus rumicivorus rumicivorus Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Eschscholtz, 1829 [RMNH.AVES.87538]. Loc: East Schlegel 1864 differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. The bird was ac- Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in quired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph either 1858 or 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: ♂. Acq: Frank (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. via John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: Abbott). extant, accessed 11 February 2013. Tax: mounted (syn- type). Publ: Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Sclater White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis Vie- 1860, 1861, 1862. illot, 1819 [RMNH.AVES.220882]. Loc: Falklands Pedestal label: not present. (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: in either 1858 or Pedestal underside: [one hand] Cat. 5 / ♂ / 1860 / Capt / Abbot 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: Adult. Acq: via John Stanley / Oost Falkland. Remark: The bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, ac- dealer Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 cessed 11 February 2013. Tax: mounted. Publ: Abbott (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1864; Sclater 1860, Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base of the 1861, 1862. pedestal. Pedestal Label: [two hands] Tringa Bonapartei / Cat. 11 7 / Stanley 1860. Malouines. Scolopacinae Pedestal underside: [two hands] Tringa / Bonapartei / Cat No 11 / Abbot / 1860 / Iles Falkland. Schlegel 1864 (Tome V, 27: 43–43): Tringa bonapartei, Cat Hudsonian Godwit Limosa haemastica Linnae- 11, Individu dans la livrée d’hiver. Tués dans l’ile orientale us, 1758 [RMNH.AVES.31529]. Loc: East Falkland des Malouines voyage du Capitaine Abbot Stanley, acquis en (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either 1858 1860. or 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♂. Acq: via Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, Schlegel 1864 differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Publ: Abbott correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. The bird was ac- quired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1864; Sclater 1860, Frank (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. 1861, 1862. Abbott). Pedestal label: [one hand] Limosa hudsonica / 1860 ♂ Cat: 1 / Capt.ne Abbot. Ile Or des Malouines. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Limosa hudsonica / Cat 1 / ♂ / White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis Vie- Cap / Abbot Stanley / Oost Falkland. illot, 1819 [RMNH.AVES.220883]. Loc: Falklands Schlegel 1864 (Tome V, 27: 22–23): Limosa hudsonica, Cat 1, (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: in either 1858 or ♂ au plumage parfait de noces, ile orientale des Malouines, 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: –. Acq: via John Gould voyage du Capitaine Abbot, acquis en 1860. and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, accessed 11 Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in February 2013. Tax: mounted. Publ: Abbott 1860, 1861; Schlegel 1864 differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- Gould 1859; Schlegel 1864; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. The label, un- Pedestal Label: [two hands] Tringa Bonapartei / Cat. 12 8. / derside, and Schlegel 1864 all identify the specimen as male, Stanley 1860 / Malouines. but only the latter identifies it as an adult. The bird was ac- Pedestal underside: [one hand] Tringa Bonapartei / Cat. N 12. quired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph / Capt Abbott / Stanley / 1860. / OostFalkland. Frank (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Schlegel 1864 (Tome V, 27: 43–43): Tringa bonapartei, Cat Abbott). Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal. 12, Individu dans la livrée d’hiver. Tués dans l’ile orientale des Malouines voyage du Capitaine Abbot Stanley, acquis en 1860. White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis Vie- Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in illot, 1819 [RMNH.AVES.223070]. Loc: Falklands Schlegel 1864 differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: in either 1858 or correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. The bird was ac- 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: –. Acq: via John Gould quired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, accessed Abbott). Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base 11 February 2013. Tax: mounted. Publ: Abbott 1860, of the pedestal.

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160 Justin J. F. J. Jansen

South American Snipe Gallinago paraguaiae magel- Pedestal underside: [one hand] Larus glaucotis / Cat. No1 / lanica Vieillot, 1816 [RMNH.AVES.220457]. Loc: East Abbot Stanley / 1859 / Oostfalkland. Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in ei- Schlegel 1863c (Tome VI, 23: 42): Larus glaucotis, Cat 1, Adulte, plumage de noces, iles Falkland, voyage du Capi- ther 1858 or 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult. Acq: taine Abbot, acquis en 1859. via John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: ex- Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in tant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Publ: Schlegel 1863c differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1864; Sclater correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. Only Schlegel 1860, 1861, 1862. 1863c identifies the specimen as adult. Erroneously at the la- Pedestal label: [one hand] Gallinago paraguaiae / ad: Cat. 6 bel are mentioned Catalogue number 8 (=1). The bird was ac- Ile orientalis des / Cap: Abbot Stanley. / Malouines / 1860. quired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Pedestal underside: [two hands] Gallinago paraguaiae / Scol- Abbott). Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base opax magellanica / King / Cat. 6. /Capt. / Abbot Stanley / of the pedestal. 1860 / Oost Falkland. Schlegel 1864 (Tome V, 27: 11–12): Gallinago paraguaiae, Cat 6, Adultes, ile orientale des Malouines, voyage du Capitaine Brown-hooded Gull Chroicocephalus maculipennis Abbot Stanley, acquis en 1860. M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823 [RMNH.AVES.207908]. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Loc: Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: Schlegel 1864 differ. Only the underside identifies the spec- –. Col: –. Age/sex: adult ♂ summer-plumage. Acq: via imen as adult. The bird was acquired through the Amster- Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, accessed 18 De- dam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp Goose cember 2012. Tax: mounted. Publ: Schlegel 1863c. RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Pedestal label: [one hand] cat: no9 / Larus glaucodes / Meyen / Frank / Falkland eilanden. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Larus glaucotis / Cat No2 / Par South American Snipe Gallinago paraguaiae magel- Frank / Falkland. lanica Vieillot, 1816 [RMNH.AVES.220458]. Loc: East Schlegel 1863c (Tome VI, 23: 42): Larus glaucotis, Cat 2, ♂ au plumage de noces, iles Falkland. Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in ei- Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in ther 1858 or 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult. Acq: Schlegel 1863c differ. Only Schlegel 1863c identifies the via John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: ex- specimen as adult ♂. Erroneously at the label is mentioned tant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Catalogue number 9 (=2). The bird was acquired through the Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1864; Sclater Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (see Kelp 1860, 1861, 1862. Goose RMNH.AVES.230433). Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal. Pedestal label: [two hands] Gallinago paraguaiae / Ad: Cat 7 / Abbot Stanley / Ile or: des: Malouines / 1860. Pedestal underside: [two hands] Gallinago paraguaiae / Scol- opax magellanica / King / Cat. 7 / Capt. / Abbot Stanly / 1860 Brown-hooded Gull Chroicocephalus maculipennis / Oost Falkland. M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823 [RMNH.AVES.207910]. Schlegel 1864 (Tome V, 27: 11–12): Gallinago paraguaiae, Cat Loc: Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. 7, Adultes, ile orientale des Malouines, voyage du Capitaine Col: –. Age/sex: adult ♂ summer-plumage. Acq: –. Sta- Abbot Stanley, acquis en 1860. tus: extant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Publ: Schlegel 1863c. Schlegel 1864 differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat no10 / Larus glaucodes / Meyen correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. Only Schlegel / ♂ / Falkland eilanden. 1864 identifies the specimen as adult. The bird was acquired Pedestal underside: [one hand] Larus glaucotes ♂ / Meyen / through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank (unreadable 3 words) / Cat No3 / Iles Falkland. (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Schlegel 1863c (Tome VI, 23: 42): Larus glaucotis, Cat 3, ♂ au plumage de noces, iles Falkland. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Laridae Schlegel 1863c differ. The label and Schlegel 1863c identify the specimen as male. Only Schlegel’s handwriting under the base of the pedestal. Brown-hooded Gull Chroicocephalus maculipennis Erroneously at the label is mentioned Catalogue number 11 M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823 [RMNH.AVES.207906]. (=4). Only Schlegel’s handwriting at the base of the pedestal. Loc: East Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in 1858. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult sum- mer-plumage. Acq: via John Gould and Gustav Adolph Brown-hooded Gull Chroicocephalus maculipennis Frank Sr. Status: extant, accessed 18 December 2012. M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823 [RMNH.AVES.207912]. Tax: mounted. Publ: Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Loc: Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: Schlegel 1863c; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. –. Col: –. Age/sex: adult ♀ summer-plumage. Acq: via Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat no8 / Larus glaucodes / Meyen / Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, accessed 18 De- Kapt. Abbot / 1859 / O. Falkland eilanden. cember 2012. Tax: mounted. Publ: Schlegel 1863c.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 67 (2): 145–169 ©ZFMK © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at

Specimen labelling errors: birds collected on the Falkland Islands prior to 1861 161

Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat no 11 / Larus glaucodes / Meyen Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus dominicanus M.H.C. / Falkland eilanden. Lichtenstein, 1823 [RMNH.AVES.207350]. Loc: East Pedestal underside: [two hands] glaucotus / Larus / glaucotes o Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in / Cat N 4 / Meyen / (unreadable)/ Frank / Malouines / Ma- either 1858 or 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult louines. Schlegel 1863c (Tome I, 32: 42): Larus glaucotis, Cat 4, Fe- ♂ summer-plumage. Acq: via John Gould and Gustav melle adulte, iles Falkland. Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, accessed 18 December Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in 2012. Tax: mounted. Publ: Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould Schlegel 1863c differ. Only Schlegel 1863c identifies the 1859; Schlegel 1863c; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. specimen as adult. Erroneously at the label is mentioned Cat- Pedestal label: [one hand] cat: no 1. / Larus fuscus / domin- alogue number 11 (=4). Temminck and Schlegel handwriting icanus Licht. / ♂ / Capt: Abbot / 1860 / Oost Falkland eil. at the base of the pedestal. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Larus dominicanus / Cat No 1 ♂ / Lect livid, Beak greenish yellow / Capt Abbot Stanley / 1859 / Oost Falkland. Dolphin Gull Leucophaeus scoresbii Traill, 1823 Schlegel 1863c (Tome VI, 23: 12–13): Larus dominicanus, Cat [RMNH.AVES.206067]. Loc: East Falkland (ca. 1, ♂ adultes, iles Falkland, voyage du Capitaine Abbot Stan- 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either 1858 or ley, acquis en 1860: pieds d’un verdatre, passant par-ci par-la 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult plumage. Acq: au jaune. via John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: ex- Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Schlegel 1863c differ. The name Abbott was transcribed tant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Publ: incorrectly at label, underside and in Schlegel. The label, Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1863c; Sclater underside, and Schlegel 1863c all identify the specimen as 1860, 1861, 1862. male, but only the latter identifies it as an adult. Disagree- Pedestal label: [one hand] cat: no 1. / Larus scoresbii / Traill. / ment at the label and stand on the date of acquisition. The bird Capt. Abbot / 1860 / Falkland eil. was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Pedestal underside: [two hands] scoresbii Traill. / Larus hae- Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp Goose matorhynchus / Cat No1 / feet a beak coral red / pupil white / RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Only Schlegel’s Capt Abbot / 1860 / Oost-Falkland. handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal. Schlegel 1863c (Tome VI, 23: 33–34): Larus scoresbyi, Cat 1, Adulte, iles Falkland, voyage du Captaine Abbot, 1860: bec et pieds rouge de corail, iris de l’oeil blanc (Abbot). Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus dominicanus M.H.C. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Lichtenstein, 1823 [RMNH.AVES.207352]. Loc: East Schlegel 1863c differ. The name Abbott was transcribed Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in incorrectly at label, underside and in Schlegel. Only Schle- either 1858 or 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♀. gel 1863c identifies the specimen as adult. The bird was ac- quired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Acq: via John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Sta- Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp Goose RMNH. tus: extant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Pub: Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1863c; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. Dolphin Gull Leucophaeus scoresbii Traill, 1823 Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat no 2 / Larus fuscus / domini- [RMNH.AVES.206069]. Loc: East Falkland (ca. canus Licht. / ♀ / Capt Abbot / 1860 / Oost Falkland eil. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Larus dominicanus / ♀ / Cat 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either 1858 or No 2. / 1860 / Capt Abbot / 1860 / Oost Falkland. 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: Immature ♂. Acq: via Schlegel 1863c (Tome VI, 23: 12–13): Larus dominicanus, Cat John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, 2, Femelle adultes, iles Falkland, voyage du Capitaine Abbot accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Publ: Abbott Stanley, acquis en 1860: pieds d’un verdatre, passant par-ci 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1863c; Sclater 1860, par-la au jaune. 1861, 1862. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Schlegel 1863c differ. The name Abbott was transcribed incorrectly at label, underside and in Schlegel. The label, Pedestal label: [one hand] cat. no.2 / Larus scoresbii / Traill / ♂ underside, and Schlegel 1863c all identify the specimen as / Capt Abbot / Frank 1861 / Falkland eil. male, but only the latter identifies it as an adult. The bird Pedestal underside: [two hands] scoresbii Traill. / Larus hae- was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav matorhynchus (unreadable) / ♂ / Jeugdig kleed in / overgang Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp Goose naar het vol- / wassen kleed / Cat. No2. / Reis van / Capt. RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Only Schlegel’s Abbot / Frank 1861 / O. Falkland. handwriting appears under the base of the pedestal. Schlegel 1863c (Tome VI, 23: 33–34): Larus scoresbyi, Cat 2, ♂ en passage, meme origine que le No 1. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in South American Tern Sterna hirundinacea Les- Schlegel 1863c differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- son, 1831 [RMNH.AVES.209487]. Loc: Falkland correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. The bird was ac- (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/ quired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived on 12 May 1861 (see Kelp Goose RMNH. sex: Summer plumage. Acq: –. Status: extant, accessed AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Schlegel 1863c.

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162 Justin J. F. J. Jansen

Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat no 1. / Sterna hirundinacea / correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. Only Schlegel Lesson / Falkland eilanden. 1862d identifies the specimen as adult ♂. The bird was ac- Pedestal underside: [two hands] Sterna meridionalis / Sterna / quired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Peale / Cat no 1 / Malouines / Malouines. Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp Goose RMNH. Schlegel 1863c (Tome VI, 24: 15): Sterna meridionalis, Cat 1, AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Only Schlegel’s hand- Individu au plumage de noces, iles Malouines. writing appears under the base of the pedestal. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Schlegel 1863c differ. Two name sources are mentioned, Lesson on the label and Peale on the underside. Cinereous Harrier Circus cinereus Vieillot, 1816 [RMNH.AVES.191468]. Loc: East Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either 1858 or Cathartidae 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♀. Acq: via John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, ac- Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura jota (Molina, cessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott 1782) [RMNH.AVES.191314]. Loc: East Falkland 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1862d; Sclater 1860, (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either 1860 1861, 1862. o or 1861. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♀. Acq: via Pedestal label: [one hand] Circus cinereus / f. Cat N 2 / pr Mr. John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, Abbot / 1860 / Malouines. Pedestal underside: [one hand] 11 Circus cinereus / No 2 / ♀ accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott in kleur = ♂ (Abbot) / reis van / Abbot / Frank 1860 / Oost 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1862c; Sclater 1860, Falkland. 1861, 1862. Schlegel 1862d (Tome II, 13: 5–6): Circus cinereus, Cat 2, Fe- Pedestal label: [one hand] Cat: no1 / Rhinogryphus aura / ♀ melle au plumage parfait, meme origine; (la femelle adulte falklandicus / (Sharpe) / Abbot colle.1861 / Falkland-eilan- parfaitement semblable par ses teintes au vieux male: note du den. Capitaine Abbot). Pedestal underside: [one hand] 19 Cathartes aura / Length Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in from tail (unreadable) / tip of tail: 2 feet 3 inches / Broadth Schlegel 1862d differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- from tip to tip of wing, 5’2 / head & legs: pinkish flesh color correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. Both the under- / eye: dark brown) / (Capt. Abbot) / Cat No1 / reis van / Capt side and Schlegel 1862d identify the specimen as female, but Abbot / Frank 1861 / Oost Falkland. only the latter identifies it as an adult. The bird was acquired Schlegel 1862c (Tome VI, 10: 3–4): Cathartes aura, Cat 1, Fe- through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank melle adulte, ile orientale des Malouines, voyage du Capi- (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). taine Abbot, 1861. Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base of the Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in pedestal. Schlegel 1862c differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. Only Schlegel 1862c identify the specimen as adult. The bird was acquired Cinereous Harrier Circus cinereus Vieil- through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank lot, 1816 [RMNH.AVES.191469]. Loc: Falkland and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp Goose RMNH. (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: February – March AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Only Schlegel’s hand- 1820. Col: L’Uranie Joseph Paul Gaimard / Jean René writing appears under the base of the pedestal. Constant Quoy. Age/sex: adult ♂. Acq: via exchanged with Paris Museum. Status: extant, accessed 18 De- cember 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Freycinet et al. 1824; Accipitridae Schlegel 1862d. Pedestal label: [one hand] Circus cinereus / m. Cat No3 / voy. Cinereous Harrier Circus cinereus Vieillot, Quoy & Gaimard, / du Musee de Paris / Malouines. 1816 [RMNH.AVES.191467]. Loc: Falklands Pedestal underside: [one hand] 3 / Circus cinereus / Falco his- (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: in either 1858 or trionius ♂ / 7 / Malouines. 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♂. Acq: via Gus- Schlegel 1862d (Tome II, 13: 5–6): Circus cinereus, Cat 3, ♂ tav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, accessed 18 Decem- adulte Malouines, voyage de Quoy et Gaimard, du Musee ber 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould de Paris. Remark: The underside, and Schlegel 1862d all identify the 1859; Schlegel 1862d; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. specimen as male, but only the latter identifies it as an adult. o Pedestal label: [one hand] Circus cinereus / m. Cat N 1 / par le Only one name source is mentioned, Quoy & Gaimard on Capitaine / Abbot 1860 / Malouines. the label and Schlegel 1862d. Only Schlegel’s handwriting Pedestal underside: [one hand] 21 Circus cinereus / ♂ / Catal. appears under the base of the pedestal. No 1 / eye golden yellow / feet bright yellow / beak green, tip black / reis van / Capit. Abbot / (frank 1860) / falkland-eil. Schlegel 1862d (Tome II, 13: 5–6): Circus cinereus, Cat 1, ♂ Cinereous Harrier Circus cinereus Vieillot, 1816 au plumage parfait, ile orientale des malouines, recueilli par [RMNH.AVES.191473]. Loc: Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, le Captaine Abbot, abtenu en 1860. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: March 1833 or March 1834. Col: Schlegel 1862d differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- C. Darwin. Age/sex: young ♂. Acq: via Gustav Adolph

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Specimen labelling errors: birds collected on the Falkland Islands prior to 1861 163

Frank Sr. Status: extant, accessed 11 February 2013. Variable Hawk Geranoaetus polyosoma polyosoma Tax: mounted. Publ: Gould 1839; Schlegel 1862d; van (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) [RMNH.AVES.191227]. Loc: Grouw & Steinheimer 2008. Falklands (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: in either Pedestal label: [one hand] Circus cinereus / m. Cat No7. / voy: 1858 or 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♂. Acq: Darwin. / 4 Janvier 1837 / Malouines. via John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: ex- Pedestal underside: [one hand] No7 / Circus cinereus / 20 / Jong ♂ / reis / van / Darwin / frank 1860 / 4 January 1837 / tant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Oost. Falkland-eiland. Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1862d; Sclater Schlegel 1862d (Tome II, 13: 5–6): Circus cinereus, Cat 7, ♂ 1860, 1861, 1862. au premier plumage, tue le 4 Janvier 1837, ile orientale des Pedestal label: [one hand] Buteo polyosoma / m. Cat No1 / voy. Malouines, voyage C. Darwin. Cap. Abbot / Falkland. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Pedestal underside: [two hands] 30 polyosoma / ♂ erythrono- Schlegel 1862d differ. The underside and Schlegel 1862d tus / eye Yellow, feet yellow / Cat No1 / reis van / Capt Abbot identify the specimen as young male but lacks at the label. / Frank 1860 / Falklands. Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base of the Schlegel 1862a (Tome II, 6: 12–13): Buteo polyosoma, Cat 1, pedestal. ♂ au plumage parfait, mais le gris du dos montrant encore This bird is discussed by van Grouw & Steinheimer (2008), des traces tres sensibles de la teinte rousse de l’habit de pas- as the missing bird from 4 January 1837, however, all notes sage; ile orientale de Falkland, voyage du Capitaine Abbot, have been subsequently added and no original data is avail- obtenu en 1860: iris de l’oeil et pieds jaunes (Abott). able on or from the specimen. Possibly at one stage the Remark: One generic and two specific names are cited, with original label was present. Darwin donated at 4 January the primary binomial on the label agreeing with Schlegel 1837 mammals and 450 birds of HMS Beagle expedition 1862d. The name Abbott was transcribed incorrectly at la- to the Zoological Society of London (e.g. to John Gould to bel, underside and in Schlegel. The underside, and Schlegel described them), 34–39 specimens that are still in existence 1862d identify the specimen as male, but only the latter iden- from the Society arrived in 1839, 1841 and 1856 at the Brit- tifies it as an adult. For information on the Amsterdam-based ish Museum. The Society’s labels recorded donor’s name, the dealer Gustav Adolph Frank and C.C. Abbott see: Kelp acquisition date and Darwin’s specimen’s numbers (e.g. C. Goose RMNH.AVES.230433. Darwin Esq, Jan 4 1837) (Steinheimer 2004). Another notable remark we find on the underside as the specimen was reportedly purchased from Frank in 1860. Variable Hawk Geranoaetus polyosoma polyosoma The other 5 from 7 birds from HMS Beagle expedition in Naturalis arrived in 1863 (Steinheimer 2004, van Grouw & (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) [RMNH.AVES.191228]. Loc: Steinheimer 2008). The largest numbers of birds from The Falklands (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: Falklands were those that arrived in 1859–1863 collected by –. Age/sex: ♀. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: C.C. Abbott (see this paper). At 30 April 1860, a large load extant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: arrived from Abbott via Frank at Naturalis, and amongst the Schlegel 1862d. specimens were 3 Circus. Pedestal label: [one hand] Buteo polyosoma / f. Cat No2 / pr Mr. Frank / Falkland. Pedestal underside: [two hands] 46. polyosoma / B. erythrono- Cinereous Harrier Circus cinereus Vieillot, 1816 tus / Falco tricolor ♀ d’Orbigny / voy.pl3.fig2 / Cat oN 2 / pr [RMNH.AVES.191476]. Loc: East Falkland (ca. Mr Frank / Malouines et Chili. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either 1858 or Schlegel 1862a (Tome II, 6: 12–13): Buteo polyosoma, Cat 2, 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: young ♂. Acq: via John Femelle, habit de passage, a manteaux et scapulaires d’un Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, ac- roux rouygeatre uniforme; iles Falkland, pa Mr. Frank. cessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott Remark: The collection site on the underside differs from 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1862d; Sclater 1860, that in Schlegel 1862d. Only one name source is mentioned, d’Orbigny on the underside. Three generic and three specif- 1861, 1862. ic names are cited, with the primary binomial on the label Pedestal label: [one hand] Circus cinereus / Cat No8 / pr. Mr. le agreeing with Schlegel 1866. For information on the Am- Capitaine / Abbot / 1860 / Malouines. sterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank see: Kelp Goose Pedestal underside: [one hand] 22 Circus cinereus / No.8 / ♂ RMNH.AVES.230433. jeugdig kleed / Abbot / Frank 1860 / Oost Falkland. Schlegel 1862d (13: 5–6): Circus cinereus, Cat 7, Male, Ma- louines, recueilli par le Capitaine Abbot, abtenu en 1860. Variable Hawk Geranoaetus polyosoma polyosoma Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) [RMNH.AVES.191229]. Loc: Schlegel 1862d differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. Both the un- –. Age/sex: ♂. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: derside and Schlegel 1862d identify the specimen as male, but only the former identifies it as young. The bird was ac- extant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: quired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Schlegel 1862d. Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp Goose RMNH. Pedestal label: [one hand] Buteo polyosoma / m. Cat No3 / pr. AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Only Schlegel’s hand- Mr. Frank / Falkland. writing appears under the base of the pedestal. Pedestal underside: [two hands] 34. polyosoma / B. erythrono- tus ♀ / ♂ / Quoy / Cat No3 / Frank / Falkland.

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164 Justin J. F. J. Jansen

Fig. 3. Charles Compton Abbott label, front (Variable Hawk Geranoaetus polyosoma, NHMUK 1955.6-20.2413; photograph by Justin Jansen, 18 June 2015; © Natural History Museum, Tring, UK).

Fig. 4. Charles Compton Abbott label, back (Variable Hawk Geranoaetus polyosoma, NHMUK 1955.6-20.2413; photograph by Justin Jansen, 18 June 2015; © Natural History Museum, Tring, UK)

Schlegel 1862a (Tome II, 6: 12–13): Buteo polyosoma, Cat 3, Remark: Sexing is absent at the label, underside identifies ♂ male, habit de passage moins avance que celui du NO 2; roux as female, and Schlegel 1862d indetfies the bird as ♂. For rougeatre uniforme; iles Falkland, par Mr Frank. information on the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank see: Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433.

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Specimen labelling errors: birds collected on the Falkland Islands prior to 1861 165

Variable Hawk Geranoaetus polyosoma polyosoma Schlegel 1862b (Tome II, 9: 3–4): Polyborus australis, Cat 1, (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) [RMNH.AVES.191231]. Loc: ♂ au plumage parfait, ile orientale de Falkland, voyage du Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. capitaine Abbot, obtenu en 1860. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Age/sex: adult ♂. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Sta- Schlegel 1862b differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- tus: extant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. Both label as Pub: Schlegel 1862d. underside lack ageing, in Schlegel 1862b the bird is aged. Pedestal label: [one hand] Buteo polyosoma / m. Cat No5 / pr. The bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based deal- Mr. Frank / Falkland. er Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Pedestal underside: [two hands] 38 / polyosoma / Buteo eryth- Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 as for C.C. Abbott). Only ronotus / King / jeune / Cat No5 / pr. Frank / Malouines. Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base of the ped- Schlegel 1862a (Tome II, 6: 12–13): Buteo polyosoma, Cat 5, estal. ♂ au premier plumage, iles Falkland, par Mr. Frank. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Schlegel 1862d differ. Both the underside and label identify Striated Caracara Phalcoboenus australis J.F. Gmelin, do not sex the bird, but Schlegel 1862d identifies it as an adult 1788 [RMNH.AVES.193333]. Loc: Falklands (ca. 51° ♂. Only one name source is mentioned, King on the under- 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Col: voyage La Coquille, R.P. side. For information on the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Lesson / P. Garnot. Date: November–December 1822. Adolph Frank see: Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433. Age/sex: adult. Acq: received in exchange with the Paris Museum. Status: extant, accessed 11 February 2013. Tax: Variable Hawk Geranoaetus polyosoma polyosoma mounted. Pub: Lesson & Garnot 1826–1830; Schlegel (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) [RMNH.AVES.191232]. Loc: 1862d. Pedestal label: [one hand] Polyboris australis. / Cat No2. / voy. East Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in de Coquille. Falkland. either 1860 or 1861. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♂. Pedestal underside: [two hands] Polyborus australis / Falco Acq: via John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Sta- novae Zelandia / Lath / 37. / Coquille Pl. / Cat. No 2 / Caraca- tus: extant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. ra funèbre. / Temm.Pl.Col.192. / Ost-Falkland / van Diemen Pub: Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1862d; / Patagonia. Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. Schlegel 1862b (Tome II, 9: 3–4): Polyborus australis, Cat 2, Individue au plumage parfait, iles Falkland, voyage de la Co- Pedestal label: [one hand] Buteo polysoma / m. Cat No6 / voy. quille. Cap. Abott / Falkland. Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Pedestal underside: [two hands] 40 polyosomoma / ♂ / Cat Schlegel 1862b differ. Both label as underside lack ageing, No6 / Reis van / cap. Abbot / Frank 1862 / Oost–Falkland. in Schlegel 1862b the bird is aged. Schlegel 1862a (Tome II, 6: 12–13): Buteo polyosoma, Cat 6, ♂ au premier plumage, iles Falkland, voyage du Capitaine Abbot. Striated Caracara Phalcoboenus australis J.F. Gme- Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in Schlegel 1862d differ. The name Abbott was transcribed in- lin, 1788 [RMNH.AVES.193334]. Loc: Falkland correctly at label, underside and in Schlegel. Both the under- (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Col: –. Age/sex: side and Schlegel 1862d identify the specimen as male, but adult. Acq: via Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, only the latter identifies it as an adult. For information on accessed 11 February 2013. Tax: mounted. Publ: Schle- the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank see: Kelp gel 1862d. Goose RMNH.AVES.230433. Note the difference in latin Pedestal Label: [one hand] Polyborus australis. / Cat No3. / pr. names on label and underside. Mr. Frank. Falkland. Pedestal underside: [one hand] 29 / Polyborus australis / Falco novae Zeelandiae Lath / Caracara funebre Tem / Pl.Col.192 / Cat No3 / pr. Frank, Malouines / Falkland. Falconidae Schlegel 1862b (Tome II, 9: 3–4): Polyborus australis, Cat 3, Individue au premier plumage, iles Falkland, par Mr. Frank. Striated Caracara Phalcoboenus australis J.F. Gmelin, Remark: The collection site on the label, underside and in 1788 [RMNH.AVES.193332]. Loc: East Falkland (ca. Schlegel 1862b differ. Both label as underside lack ageing, in 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either 1858 or Schlegel 1862b the bird is aged. For information on the Am- 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: adult ♂. Acq: via John sterdam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank see: Kelp Goose Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, ac- RMNH.AVES.230433. Two specimens are missing from HMS Beagle (Steinheimer 2004). Only Schlegel’s handwrit- cessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott ing appears under the base of the pedestal. 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Schlegel 1862b; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. o Pedestal Label: [one hand] Polyborus australis. / Cat N 1. / Furnariidae voy. Cap Abbot. Falkland. Pedestal underside: [one hand] 43 / Polyboris australis / ♂ / Feet & bare parts of the head / bright yellow / Cat No1 / reis Blackish Cinclodes Cinclodes antarcticus Garnot, van / Capt. Abbot / (Frank 1860) / Oost Falkland. 1826 [RMNH.AVES.168495]. Loc: East Falkland (ca.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 67 (2): 145–169 ©ZFMK © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at

166 Justin J. F. J. Jansen

51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either 1858 or Icteridae 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: –. Acq: via John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, accessed 18 Long-tailed Meadowlark Leistes loyca falklandica December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott 1860, 1861; (Leverkühn, 1889) [RMNH.AVES.168495]. Loc: East Gould 1859; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in ei- Pedestal label: [one hand] Cinclodes antarcticus (Garn.) / Voy. ther 1858 or 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: –. Acq: via Capt. Abbot Stanley. East Falkland / 1860. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Capt. / Abbot Stanley / 1860 / John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, Oost Falkland. accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott Remark: The name giving of the location of collecting is 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. different in underside and label. Only Schlegel’s handwrit- Pedestal label: [one hand] Trupialis militaris (L.) / Cat. / ing under the base of the pedestal. The name Abbott was (Sclat. Ib. 1884: p. 23) / Acquis du Capt / Abbot Stanley 1860 transcribed incorrectly at the underside and label. The bird / Falkland occ. was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav Pedestal underside: [two hands] Trupialis militaris (L.) / 3 / ♂ Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp Goose / Kapt. / Abbot Stanley / 1860 / Oost Falkland. RMNH.AVES.230433 above). Remark: Only Schlegel’s handwriting under the base of the pedestal. The name Abbott was transcribed incorrectly at la- bel and in underside. The collection site on the label and un- Troglodytidae derside differ. Sexing lacks at the label. The name Abbott was transcribed incorrectly at the underside and label. The bird Grass Wren Cistothorus platensis falklandicus Chap- was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Gustav man, 1934 [RMNH.AVES.168365]. Loc: East Falkland Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp Goose (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Date: in either 1858 or RMNH.AVES.230433). 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: –. Acq: via John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Sr. Status: extant, accessed 18 December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott 1860, 1861; Emberizidae Gould 1859; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. Pedestal label: [one hand] Cistothorus platensis (Lath.) / White-bridled Finch Melanodera melanodera melan- Frank, 1860 / East Falkland. odera (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) [RMNH.AVES.165592]. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Frank / 1860 / Oost-Falkland. Loc: East Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 40″ S, 57° 51′ 10″ W). Remark: The collection site on the label and underside differ. The bird was acquired through the Amsterdam-based dealer Date: in either 1858 or 1859. Col: C.C. Abbott. Age/sex: Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 April 1860 (see Kelp ♀. Acquisition: via John Gould and Gustav Adolph Frank Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 above). Only Schlegel’s hand- Sr. in 1860. Status: extant, accessed 18 December 2012. writing appears under the base of the pedestal. Tax: mounted. Pub: Abbott 1860, 1861; Gould 1859; Sclater 1860, 1861, 1862. Pedestal label: absent. Turdidae Pedestal underside: [one hand] ♀ / Capt / Abbot Stanley / 1860 / Oost Falkland. Austral Thrush Turdus falcklandii falcklandii Quoy & Remark: The name Abbott was transcribed incorrectly at Gaimard, 1824 [RMNH.AVES.170710]. Loc: Falkland the underside. The bird was acquired through the Amster- dam-based dealer Gustav Adolph Frank and arrived on 30 (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: before 1850. Col: April 1860 (see Kelp Goose RMNH.AVES.230433 above). –. Age/sex: –. Acq: –. Status: extant, accessed 18 Decem- Only Schlegel’s handwriting appears under the base of the ber 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: –. pedestal. Pedestal label 1: [one hand] Turdus falklandicus Quoy & Gaimard / Avant 1850 / Falkland Isl. Pedestal label 2: [two hands] Turdus falklandicus / Q et G. / White-bridled Finch Melanodera melanodera melan- Patria? / Falkland Isl. odera (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) [RMNH.AVES.165582]. Pedestal underside: [one hand] Turdus falklandicus / Quoy et Loc: Falkland (ca. 51° 41′ 0″ S, 59° 10′ 0″ W). Date: –. Gaimard. Remark: Handwriting is Temminck’s and therefore an old Col: –. Age/sex: ♂. Acq: –. Status: extant, accessed 18 specimen, most likely received in exchanges with the Pari- December 2012. Tax: mounted. Pub: –. sian Museum. One specimen is missing from HMS Beagle Pedestal label: [one hand] Chlorospiza Gray / Emberiza melan- (Steinheimer 2004). dera / Beagle pl 32. Uranie alt pl. / ♂ / Malouines. Pedestal underside: no text. Remark: Handwriting is Temminck’s and therefore an old specimen, most likely received in exchanges with the Pari- sian Museum.

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Specimen labelling errors: birds collected on the Falkland Islands prior to 1861 167

DISCUSSION remaining 35 Naturalis birds (40%), however, is not pos- sible to reconstruct. Based on information from Abbott Original labels (Gould 1859, Abbott 1860, 1861) and data found in the journals of the French expeditions and HMS Beagle, we I found no original labels on Falkland specimens from know the approximate period when collecting occurred the French expeditions (both in Naturalis as in MNHN). (odd is that the HMS Beagle bird is the sole bird with However, the information (albeit only for some) is re- a full date collecting date on it, and one of the very few corded in a number of books and papers in the MNHN birds in Naturalis collected prior to 1850 with such a archives; most of this information is also found on the dataset). However, precise data, including exact location, pedestal underside, with a summary of the information date of collection, and specific collector, is beyond the from the pedestal underside being transcribed on the la- scope of this paper. bels (where the information was first recorded – in the For the birds purchased from the Frank Merchants in books and papers or under the pedestals – is uncertain). Amsterdam, we find 21 birds in Naturalis that have Frank The Falkland specimens in the MNHN were apparent- recorded as their source. Obviously, they were not the ly treated in the same manner as were earlier specimens collectors of these specimens, as no bird was collected at from the Baudin expedition (389 specimens examined) all by the Frank family in the Falklands (there is no doc- (Jansen 2018), which also arrived in France as skins. umented Falkland Islands visit from these Amsterdam Usually only single specimens, representing the male, based merchants). female, and young (if present and recognisable) of each Did the Naturalis archives provide any additional help? species collected on the Baudin expedition were kept, We only find notes in the Naturalis archives referring to with duplicates used for exchanges and donations (Jan- Falkland birds received from Frank to the Rijksmuseum sen 2016, 2018). When mounted, the known information van Natuurlijke Historie (forerunner of Naturalis) from 3 was transcribed on the pedestal underside by the muse- May 1854 (Procellaria), 16 June 1856 and 30 April 1860. um’s taxidermists, as it was for the 25 Falkland speci- These notes typically describe the acquired specimens mens examined in the MNHN. The information found on only vaguely. the pedestal underside does not have either the original collector, the date of collection, or the specific collecting Transcription errors and omissions locality within the Falklands. For the Falkland birds collected by the British expe- All birds in NHMUK from Abbott have recorded on their ditions, I found a number of specimens with original original labels the month and year when collected. Other labels. Of 69 birds examined collected by McCormick details – in particular notations on bare parts – are also on the Erebus and Terror expedition, 38 had an origi- present on some of the Abbott labels in the NHMUK. nal label (some of McCormick’s birds however are at- However, older specimens (distinguished by having tributed to the Admiralty). Of 3 birds examined from the smaller labels attached, while specimens collected later Rattlesnake expedition, only one had an original label; have larger labels, with “Captain Abbott, Falkland Is- one of those without an original label was collected by lands Detachments” printed on the reverse) note only the MacGillivray. Of 15 birds examined from HMS Beagle species, sex, and month of collecting (a portion of Abbott (collected by Covington/Darwin and Fitzroy and donated birds have the printed labels attached to them). by Burnett), none had original labels. However, most of The 46 Abbott birds in Naturalis (51.6% of all (89) Abbott’s Falkland birds in the NHMUK still have their Falkland birds in Naturalis) once had original labels original labels attached: of 16 examined, only one did not attached like those attached to the Abbott birds in the have an original label or annotations from Abbott. NHMUK. However, of these 46 Naturalis specimens, only 14 (29.8%) include some details on bare parts (all Original collector noted on the pedestal underside); the remainder (70.2%) lack such details. Of these 14 specimens, 8 have such We find on the labels attached to the Naturalis specimens notes transcribed in English, while in the remaining 6, the following data regarding sources, including collectors the notes are translated into Dutch; the original contexts and expeditions: C.C. Abbott (46), Frank Merchants from of the latter are therefore missing, and no notes in the Amsterdam (21), no data (11), La Coquille (5), L’Astro- original English can be traced. These notes are found labe (2), HMS Beagle (1), L’Uranie (1) and MNHN (1). only on the pedestal underside and not in any other of the Of these, 3 birds (two from La Coquille and one with no available sources, such as Schlegel’s publications, new data) are not indisputably from the Falklands. tags, or pedestal labels. If we compare labels, pedestal For 54 Naturalis birds (60%) – 46 birds collected by undersides and Schlegel’s various publications to each Abbott and 7 birds from the French expeditions and other, we find no consistency in either the way Abbott HMS Beagle – we can more or less determine the origi- was addressed (e.g. either as “Mr.” or “Captain”, “Cat.”, nal collector and date of collection. Similar data for the “Cap.”, “Capt.” and variations) or how his name was

Bonn zoological Bulletin 67 (2): 145–169 ©ZFMK © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at

168 Justin J. F. J. Jansen spelled (e.g. “Abbot”, “Abbott”, and “Abott”); more- Darwin CR (1871) The Descent of Man, and Selection in Rela- over, “voyage” or “Voy.” (e.g. “voyage du Capitaine tion to Sex. John Murray, London Abbot” and “Voy. Cap. Abbot”), “Stanley” (e.g. “Abbot de Freycinet LCD (ed.) 1824 Voyage autour du monde: entre- Stanley”, “Cat. Abbot Stanley”, “Voy: Abbot Stanly” pris par ordre du roi ... exécuté sur les corvettes de S. M. l’Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les années 1817, 1818, and “Voy. Abbot Stanley”), and “col” (e.g. “Abbot col”) 1819 et 1820. Chez Pillet, Paris were also recorded. Neither the month or year when each de Freycinet LCD (ed.) (1837) Voyage autour du Monde... specimen was collected / arrived is recorded on any of exécuté sur les corvettes de L. M. «l’Uranie» et «La Physi- the 46 Abbott birds in Naturalis, as they are on all of the cienne,» pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Paris NHMUK specimens. Gould J (1839) Part 3 (2): Birds. Pp. 17–32, pls. 11–20. In: Dar- win C. (ed.) The zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Capt. Fitzroy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836, part 6. London CONCLUSIONS Gould J (1859) List of Birds from the Falklands, with Descrip- tions of the Eggs of some of the species, from specimens col- Coenraad Jacob Temminck and Hermann Schlegel, both lected principally by Captain C. C. Abbott, of the Falkland collection managers of birds at the Rijksmuseum van Islands Detachment. Proceedings of the Zoological Society Natuurlijke Historie (now Naturalis), discarded all the of London 27: 93–98 original labels at the time when original information and van Grouw H, Steinheimer FD (2008) Charles Darwin’s lost Cinereous Harrier found in the collection of the National Mu- precise data was not appreciated or as valued as it is today seum of Natural History Leiden. Zoologische Mededelingen (Steinheimer 2010); moreover, the data that was available Leiden 82 (48): 595–598 was imprecise and treated poorly, with the information del Hoyo J, Collar NJ (2014) HBW and Birdlife Internation- not being transcribed precisely and suffering alteration al Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: over time. However, as shown in results, the damage can Non-Passerines. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona be controlled for a large number of specimens by analysis del Hoyo J, Collar NJ (2016) HBW and Birdlife Internation- of the available original material and interpretation of the al Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona information supplied by various sources. Jansen JJFJ (2016) Towards the resolution of long-standing is- Further research into diaries, letters and acquisition sues regarding the birds collected during the Baudin expedi- books and the actual specimens should be considered in tion to Australia and Timor (1800–1804): the discrepancy in the future to establish the correct labeling of the speci- the number of birds collected and their subsequent handling. mens (for example to sort out the possible mix-up from Journal of the National Museum (Prague). Natural History L’Uranie and La Coquille specimens). Also, the condi- Series 185 (2): 7–19 Jansen JJFJ (2018) The Ornithology of the Baudin expedition tion (looks fair to good in most specimens) of the mounts (1800–1804). Privately published, Grave / skins can be examined as they could be subject to x-ra- Jansen JJFJ, van der Mije SD (2015) Review of the mounted diation (Jansen & Steinheimer 2017). skins and skulls of the extinct Falkland Islands , Dusicy- on australis, held in museum collections. Archives of Natural Acknowledgments. I’m grateful for Robert Prŷs-Jones for History 42 (1): 91–100 encouraging me to submit this paper and to Igor Fadeev for Jansen JJFJ, Steinheimer FD (2017) Research into the authen- his help. Pepijn Kamminga and Steven van der Mije gave me ticity of ‘I’iwi Drepanis coccinea (G. Forster, 1781) skins access to the collections and helped me with the registration from Cook’s 3rd voyage: what taxidermy can add to the dis- numbers that were missing from my files. Hein van Grouw cussion. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 137 (4): (NHMUK) helped with missing register numbers of some of 246–260 the specimens and for granting me access on several occasions Lanjouw J, Stafleu FA (1954) Index herbariorum; a guide to the over the years. location and contents of the world’s public herbaria; Pt. II, 1; Collectors A-D. International Bureau for Plant Taxonomy and Nomenclature of the International Association for Plant REFERENCES Taxonomy, Utrecht Lesson RP, Garnot P (1826–1830) Voyage autour du monde en- Abbott CC (1861) Notes on the Birds of the Falkland Islands. trepris par ordre du government sur la corvette la Coquille Ibis (3): 149–167 pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Paris Abbott CC (1860) The of the Falkland Islands. Ibis MacGillivray W (1852) Narrative of the voyage of H.M.S. (2): 336–338 Rattlesnake, commanded by the late Captain Owen Stanley Darwin CR (1839) Narrative of the surveying voyages of His during the years 1846–50, including discoveries and surveys Majesty’s Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years in New Guinea, the Louisiade Archipelago, etc: to which is 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern added Mr. E.B. Kennedy’s expedition for the exploration of shores of , and the Beagle’s circumnavigation the Cape York Peninsula. London of the globe. Journal and remarks 1832–1836. John Murray, Mees GF (1953) The white-eyes of the Aroe Islands (Aves, London Zostreopidae). Zoolgische Mededelingen 32 (2): 25–30 Darwin CR (1859) On the origin of species by means of natural Mees GF, Fisher CT (1986) On the type specimens of birds selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the strug- from Lifu, described by E. L. Layard in 1878. Bulletin of the gle for life. John Murray, London British Ornithologists’ Club 106: 153–156

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Specimen labelling errors: birds collected on the Falkland Islands prior to 1861 169

Rasmussen PC, Prŷs-Jones RP (2003) History vs mystery: the Steinheimer FD (2004) Charles Darwin’s bird collection and reliability of museum specimen data. Bulletin of the British ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Bea- Ornithologists’ Club 123: 66–94 gle, 1831–1836. Journal of Ornithology 145: 300–320 Schlegel H (1862a) Muséum d’Histoire naturelle des Pays-Bas. Steinheimer FD (2010) Data-basing historical specimens – a – Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées science of its own. proceedings of the 5th International Meet- dans cet établissement. Tome II. 6: Buteones– August 1862. ing of European Bird Curators: Natural History Museum Vi- E.J. Brill, Leiden enna, August 29th–31st, 2007, Vienna, Austria: 113–119 Schlegel H (1862b) Muséum d’Histoire naturelle des Pays-Bas. – Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement. Tome II. 9: Polybori – November 1862. APPENDIX I E.J. Brill, Leiden Schlegel H (1862c) Muséum d’Histoire naturelle des Pays-Bas. – Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées Birds as noted as collected on the Falklands on L’Ura- dans cet établissement. Tome II. 10: Vultures – November nie from the lists of specimens that arrived in the 1862. E.J. Brill, Leiden MNHN (archives Laboratory MNHN, October 1820, Schlegel H (1862d) Muséum d’Histoire naturelle des Pays- unknown ammount arrived in 1821, Freycinet (also Bas. – Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement. Tome II. 13: Circi – December 1862. indicated as Quoy & Gaimard)) E.J. Brill, Leiden ‘goose’ Chloephaga 6, Chiloe Wigeon 3, “ducks” 3, Schlegel H (1863a) Muséum d’Histoire naturelle des Pays-Bas. ‘grebe’ 2+4, ‘heron’ 4, ‘pigeon’ 4, ‘rail’ 1, King Pen- – Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées guin 1, ‘penguin’ Eudyptes 1, ‘penguin’ 1, ‘albatros’ 3, dans cet établissement. Tome VI. 21: Pelecani – July 1863. ‘petrel’ 3, Magellanic Cormorant 6, Snowy Sheatbill 1, E.J. Brill, Leiden South American Snipe 1, Kelp Gull 1, ‘tern’ 4, Turkey Schlegel H (1863b) Muséum d’Histoire naturelle des Pays-Bas. – Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans Vulture 4, Cinereous Harrier 2, Variable Hawk 2, Caraca- cet établissement. Tome VI. 22: Procellaridae – July 1863. ra 1, Blackish Cinclodes 4, Austral Thrush 7, Long-tailed E.J. Brill, Leiden Meadowlark 1–2, White-bridled Finch 1. Schlegel H (1863c) Muséum d’Histoire naturelle des Pays-Bas. Obviously the ‘pigeons’ are a mistake, as they don’t – Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées occur on the Falklands (therefore the number is corrected dans cet établissement. Tome VI. 32: Lari – August 1863. E.J. Brill, Leiden from 69 to 65). Schlegel H (1863d) Muséum d’Histoire naturelle des Pays- Bas. – Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées Still present in MNHN (verified through a quick check) dans cet établissement. Tome VI. 24: Sternae – September Upland Goose 2, Mallard 1, Crested Duck 1, Yel- 1863. E.J. Brill, Leiden low-billed Teal 2, White-tufted Grebe 3, Common Div- Schlegel H (1864) Muséum d’Histoire naturelle des Pays-Bas. – Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées ing-petrel Pelecanoides urinatrix 1, Rock Shag 3, South dans cet établissement. Tome V. 27: Scolopaces – November American Snipe 2, Brown Skua Stercorarius antarcti- 1864. E.J. Brill, Leiden cus 2, Black-crowned Night-heron 2, Sterna ssp 1, Tur- Schlegel H (1865) Muséum d’Histoire naturelle des Pays-Bas. key Vulture, Cinereous Harrier 2, Variable Hawk 1, Stri- – Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement. Tome IV. 29: Cursores – March 1865. ated Caracara 4, Austral Thrush 1, White-bridled Finch 2. E.J. Brill, Leiden Schlegel H (1866) Muséum d’Histoire naturelle des Pays-Bas. – Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées APPENDIX II dans cet établissement. Tome VI. 31: Anseres – May 1866. E.J. Brill, Leiden Birds as noted as collected on the Falkland on La Co- Schlegel H (1867) Muséum d’Histoire naturelle des Pays-Bas. quille from the lists of specimens that arrived in the – Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées MNHN (archives Laboratory MNHN, April 1825, dans cet établissement. Tome VI. 33: Utrinatores – April 1867. E.J. Brill, Leiden Garnot & Lesson) Sclater PL (1860) Catalogue of the. Birds of the Falkland Is- Variable Hawk 5, Austral Thrush 1, Cinclodes 2, Plo- lands. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 28: ver 3, Oystercatcher 2, Grebe 2, Petrel 1, Skua 2, Cormo- 382–391 rant 1, Goose 1, Duck 4. Sclater PL (1861) Additions and Corrections to the list of the Birds of Falkland Islands. Proceedings of the Zoological So- ciety of London 29: 45–47 Still present in MNHN (verified through a quick check) Sclater PL (1862) Catalogue of a collection of American birds. Kelp Goose 2, Falkland Steamer Duck 1, Southern Sil- N. Trubner and Co., London very Grebe 1, Rock Shag 2, Snowy Sheatbill 1, Mag- Sharpe RB (1906) The history of the collections contained in ellanic Oystercatcher 1, Southern Lapwing 2, Striated the natural history departments of the British Museum. Birds. Caracara 1, Austral Thrush 1. Trustees of the British Museum, London

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