grades 9-12 Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing Racing in America Educator DigiKit Transportation in America overview contents 2 Overview 32 Lesson 2 60 Lesson 5 Amazing feats have been performed throughout the history of Forces in Automobile Racing Work, Energy and Power in automobile racing: early racecars carried a rider on the running 5 Teacher Guide Automobile Racing board; today, most racecar drivers survive crashes and walk away. In 34 Background Information Sheet 6 Glossary Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing, use for Students #2A: 61 Background Information Sheet these events to explore with your students What physics concepts 8 Timeline Forces in Automobile Racing for Students #5A: Work, Energy and Power in can be learned by analyzing automobile racing? Automobile racing is 10 Context-Setting Activities 39 Student Activity Sheet #2B: Forces Automobile Racing a vivid means of introducing physics concepts, including Newton’s 11 Bibliography three laws of motion, forces in straight lines and circles, motion, 41 Answer Key #2B: Forces 64 Student Activity Sheet #5B: 12 Connections to National Work, Energy and Power distance, displacement, velocity, acceleration and momentum. and Michigan Standards 66 Answer Key #5B: and Expectations 43 Lesson 3 This Educator DigiKit is divided into two sections: Work, Energy and Power The Study of Motion Using Artifacts from a Teacher Guide and a Unit Plan. 17 Field Trip Learning Enhancement Suggestions the Collections of The Henry Ford The Teacher Guide section includes resources to complement the 67 Supplemental Resources Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing Unit Plan. You 45 Background Information Sheet 19 Unit Plan for Students #3A: Study of 68 Culminating Projects will find a glossary, timeline, context-setting activities, bibliography, Motion Using Artifacts from the 69 Extension Activities curriculum links and curriculum-supporting field trip suggestions. Collections of The Henry Ford 20 Unit Plan Overview 70 Student Activity Sheet #6: The Unit Plan section follows the Teacher Guide and includes 49 Student Activity Sheet #3B: Review/Assessment Questions Motion and Energy lesson plans, student handouts, answer keys, culminating project 74 Answer Key #6: 23 Lesson 1 ideas, extension activities and review and assessment questions. 51 Answer Key #3B: Review/Assessment Questions Analysis of Newton’s Laws in The lessons are organized so that the students can either work in class Motion and Energy using handouts or, if the students have access to computers, view the Automobile Racing mission statement lessons and digitized artifacts online at TheHenryFord.org/education. 24 Background Information 52 Lesson 4 Please refer to the online version of the The Henry Ford provides unique edu- If you cannot incorporate the whole unit into your schedule, use the Sheet for Students #1A: Ground Effects Innovations in Educator DigiKits for the most updated cational experiences based on authentic lessons or activities most relevant to your needs. Analysis of Newton’s Laws Automobile Racing links to digital artifacts. objects, stories and lives from America’s in Automobile Racing This Educator DigiKit promotes educational use of The Henry traditions of ingenuity, resourcefulness 28 Student Activity Sheet #1B: 53 Background Information Sheet and innovation. Our purpose is to inspire Ford’s extensive “Transportation in America” collections. We hope Newton’s Laws for Students #4A: Ground Effect Innovations in people to learn from these traditions to you and your students will find these resources engaging and relevant. 30 Answer Key #1B: Newton’s Laws Automobile Racing help shape a better future. These resources made possible, in part, by the generous funding 56 Student Activity Sheet #4B: of the Ford Foundation. Ground Effect Innovations Contents Copyright © 2010. Educator DigiKit can only be reproduced in part or as a 58 Answer Key #4B: whole, by educators for classroom use. Any other form of reproduction needs written ap- Ground Effect Innovations proval of The Henry Ford. Direct all such inquiries to [email protected] 2 Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing | Educator DigiKit thehenryford.org/education thehenryford.org/education Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing | Educator DigiKit 3 teacher guide | for grades 9-12 4 Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing | Educator DigiKit thehenryford.org/education thehenryford.org/education Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing | Unit Plan 5 Glossary Glossary Continued Acceleration Conversion Gravity Pressure Speed Watt The rate at which an object’s Changing from one set of units The natural pull of the earth Force divided by area. The distance an object travels di- A measurement of power. One watt velocity changes; a = Δ v/ Δ t. to another, such as from miles per on an object. vided by the time it takes to travel is 1 joule of work per 1 second. hour to meters per second. Relative motion the distance. Acceleration due to gravity Ground effects The comparison of the movement Weight The downward acceleration of Displacement The effects from aerodynamic of one object with the movement Thermal Energy The force of gravity pulling on an an object due to the gravitational The distance and the direction that designs on the underside of a of another object. Heat energy. object; weight equals mass times the attraction between the object and an object moves from the origin. racecar, which create a vacuum. acceleration due to gravity. the earth or other large body. Revolution Trade-off Distance Inertia The motion of one object as it orbits A term that describes how an im- Work Aerodynamics The change of position from An object’s tendency to another object. provement made in one area might The force on an object times the The way the shape of an object one point to another. resist any changes in motion. decrease effectiveness in another area. distance through which the object affects the flow of air over, under Roll bar moves as the work is converted to or around it. Downforce Joule A heavy metal tube or bar wrapped Velocity either potential energy or kinetic The force on a car that pushes The unit of measurement over the driver in a racecar; the roll The speed of an object, including energy; work = force * distance, Airfoil it downward, resulting in for energy; 1 joule = bar prevents the roof from crushing its direction. Velocity = change in or W = F d. 2 2 A winglike device on a racecar better traction. 1 kilogram-meter /second . the driver during a rollover. distance over time, or v = Δ d/ Δ t. that creates downforce as the air flows over it. Electrical energy Kinetic energy Rotational motion Venturi effect Energy derived from electricity Energy of motion; kinetic energy = The motion of an object turning The effect produced by narrowing 2 2 Air resistance ½ mass * velocity , or KE = ½ m v . on an axis. a passage of air as the air travels, The force created by air when it Force causing an increase in the speed of pushes back against an object’s Any push or pull. Mass Safety features the air, a drop in pressure and a force motion; air resistance on a car is The amount of matter in an object. In an automobile, things that in the direction of the air passage. also called drag. Frame of reference make the car safer or that make The coordinate system for specifying Momentum racing safer. Bernoulli’s principle the precise location of an object, or The combined mass and velocity Air moving faster over the longer the point or frame to which motion of an object. Momentum = mass * path on a wing causes a decrease in is compared. velocity, or p = m v. pressure, resulting in a force in the direction of the decrease in pressure. Friction Potential energy The opposing force between two Energy due to position; stored Centripetal force objects that are in contact with energy, or the ability to do work. The force toward the center that and moving against each other. makes an object go in a circle Power rather than in a straight line. Rate of doing work, or work divided by the time. 6 Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing | Teacher Guide thehenryford.org/education thehenryford.org/education Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing | Teacher Guide 7 Unit Plan Time Line Important Events in American Automobile Racing Unit Plan Time Line Continued 1895 The Duryea brothers enter the first American auto race as a way of testing and advertising Racecars their car. from the Collections of The Henry Ford National Events World Events 1902 The first top speed runs are held on the 1901 Ford “Sweepstakes” – Henry Ford’s first racecar, beach at Daytona Beach, Florida. 1903 The Wright Brothers make their 1899 The Boer War begins in South Africa. which gives him publicity that helps him gain first successful flight. 1910 The first high-banked wooden speedway is financing for his company. 1909 Robert Peary and Matthew Henson reach built at Playa Del Rey in Southern California. 1906 San Francisco experiences the the North Pole. 1902 Ford “999” – Henry Ford’s second race car, 1911 The first Indianapolis 500 Race is held. great earthquake first driven by Barney Oldfield, which gains 1914 World War I begins in Europe. more positive publicity for Henry Ford. 1947 Bill France organizes mechanics and drivers 1917 The United States enters World War I. 1917 Lenin leads the Bolshevik revolution in into the National Association for Stock Car 1906 Locomobile “Old 16” Vanderbilt Cup racecar, 1919 The 19th Amendment gives women Russia, laying the groundwork for the Auto Racing, called NASCAR. typical of pre-WW I race cars. the right to vote. Soviet Union. 1955 The National Hot Rod Association begins 1907 Ford “666”- the car that Henry Ford intends 1929 The U.S.