OCTOBER,1930 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW’ 429

RIVERS AND FLOODS was down to 1.3 feet, and remained at that stage throughout the month, due to a pool formed by shoals about 1,000 feet below By R. E. SPENCER the dam. The only water feeding the pool was the leakage through lock and darn No. 10. The upper gage at lock No. 8 showed 0.8 Floods during October, c,onfined chiefly t,o the rivers of foot of water October 31, which meant that the pool was empty. Texas, were in the main of little consequence. Escep- A stream flow measurement at lock No. 10, by the United States Army Engineers, the latter part of October, showed the flow to be tions were those in the Rio Grande and the Brazos, 5 second-feet. $15,000 damage having occurred near Del Rio, Tex., on the Rio Grande, and $14,000 in the vic.inity of Waco. [All dates in October except as otherwise specifled] Tex., on the Brazos. The Rio Grande loss was the result of damage to dam construction works; that on the Above flood stagedates Crest Brazos was distributed as follows: River and station Flood stage - - - - Tangible property ______$7,000 hm- TO- stage Data Unharvested crops (7,000 acres) ______5, 000 __ - - Suspension of busiuess ______2,000 MISSISSIPPI DRAINAGE In addition, “considerable” crop losses are reported to Fed Fed Repuhlican: Concordia, Knns ..______.____8 15 15 8.2 15 have resulted from overflows along Brazos River tribu- Canadian: Canadian, Tex _...____..______5 12 12 6.0 12 taries. Union City, Okla ______._____.______7 13 14 8. 2 14 High stages continue in t8he Trinity River at Dallas, h-orth Canadian: Woodward, Okla.. .______4 13 13 4.0 13 Ouacchita: Irliadelphia, -4rk. -.- - - ~ - .-..__ - 12 8 8 16. 2 8 Tex., as a result of dams used in levee work in progress below the gage. WEST GULF DRAINAGE The offic.ia1 in charge of t,he Weather Bureau office Trinity: Dallas, Ter ______._____..._._~ ____.25 8 8 25.8 8 Ijrazos: Waco, Tex __.__.__.._____- ._.______27 6 7 30. 7 e at Pittsburgh, Pa., commants as follows upon river con- Colorado: 7 8 22.5 Austin, Tex ______._.__...____.._.____18 7 ditions in his district: 18 16 18.0 18 12 Columbus, Tex.. ._._.______..._.____28 10 30.8 II Navigation was suspended on account of low water in the 19 21 31. 9 21 Monongahela River above the seventh pool, about July 24, when Rio Grande: 5 c 15. 5 it became impossible to maintain pool-full stages. On that date Del Rio, Tex ____...___....__._..______10 6 1; 15 11. 1 1; the lower gage nt lock No. 10 ahom7ed 6.0 feet, which wes 1.3 feet Eagle Pass, Tes...___...___....____..--- 16 7 li. 1 below the crest of dam No. S, 11 miles below. By Septemher 11 12 23.7 11 1 the stage at No. 10 had dropped to 4.0 feet, which was 3.3 feet San Benito, Tex ___._.______23 19 22 24.1 21 25 25 23.0 25 below the crest of dam No. S, and by October 1 the stage at No. 10 31 31 23.0 31 Pecos: Pecos, Ter. __.______._____.______11 19 19 12.0 19 1 CI. p. 401. - WE AT HE^ OF THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEANS NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN TABLE1 .-Aim-ages, departures, and ex?remes of atmospheric pres- wire at sea leid. S a. m. (seventy-fifth meridian). North Atlantic By F. G. TINGLEY Ocean, October,’1930 ____._ Depar- October may be said to inaugurate the winter season Stations Average Highest Date Lowest Date on the North Atlantic inasmuch as the average number of Pressurr ture gales north the forty-fifth parallel is sufficient to call -I--+--- of Inchts Inch for winter freeboard after the 16th of the month for Jnlinn~heab.Qreenland ____..29.76 (9 19th. vessels using the more northerly trans-Atlantic routes. Belle Isle. N+wfoundland.... 30.01 I +O. 14 10th. i1aIifa.x.~~~ Nova Scotia ___._._..20.98 3 -0. 06 28th. There are, however, variations from one year to another Nantucket ..___..._._..._____30.01 3 -0.07 25th. Hatteras __....-.... _....._.__30. OB 3 -0.04 15th. in the number of gales as well as in their intensity and Key N‘est .._.._...... _....__29.95 3 -0.01 1st. New Orlcnns__.....__....._._ 30.05 3 -0.01 28th. geographical distribution. In the month under review Cnoe Gracias, Nicaragua ...-. 29.83 1 -0.09 2d. the number of gales reported was very close to the normal. ‘ruiksIsland.-. .._..__...... 30.00 3 +O. 05 2d. Bermuda ...... _...._...... 3.96 3 -0.11 25th. More were reported than in October, 1929, but consider- IIorta. Azores...... ___.....30.14 I +o. 02 14th. Lerwichr, Shetland Islands ... 29.53 3 -0.26 24th. ably fewer than in October, 1928, which was regarded Vdencia, Ireland .._...... __29.77 8 -0.14 17th. as an exceptionally stormy month, especially over the London. -...... ____...._.29. S6 I -0.05 8th. middle and eastern portions of the ocean. - 1 No normal avnilable. The distribution of pressure, as shown in Table 1, did I From normals shown on Hydrographic Office Pilot Charts, based on observations not vary greatly from normal, except for the region north nt Greenwich mean noon, or 7 a. m.. seventy-fifth merldlan time. 3 From normals based on En. m. observations. of the British Isles. Here low pressure prevailed, as 4 On other dnte or dates. shown by the negative departure of 0.26 inch at Lerwick, Shet,land Islands. The average departure from normal Fog was reported on from 10 to 12 days over the Grand for this group of 13 stations was, for the month under Banks; on from 5 to 6 days along the American coast review, 0.08 inch. In October, 1938, a mont8hof fewer north of Cape Cod, and on from 1 to 5 days over the gales, the group departure was 0.07 inch, while in October, central portion of the northern steamer lanes. Vessel 1928, just referred to as a stormy month, it rose to 0.10 reports received show only 5 occurrences of fog during inch. October east of the fifteenth meridian.

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