ACACIA RIGIDULA NON COLPEVOLE Originaria Dell’America Centrale, Acacia Rigidula Ha Un Profilo Fitochimico Caratterizzato Dalla Pre- Senza Di Amine E Alcaloidi

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

ACACIA RIGIDULA NON COLPEVOLE Originaria Dell’America Centrale, Acacia Rigidula Ha Un Profilo Fitochimico Caratterizzato Dalla Pre- Senza Di Amine E Alcaloidi FITOTERAPIA Foto di Layla Dishman ACACIA RIGIDULA NON COLPEVOLE Originaria dell’America Centrale, Acacia rigidula ha un profilo fitochimico caratterizzato dalla pre- senza di amine e alcaloidi. I suoi estratti entrano nella formulazione di integratori alimentari per il controllo del peso e per l’incremento delle prestazioni sportive; in alcuni di questi è presente come ingrediente anche un composto di sintesi che deriva dall’anfetamina, ma indicato come derivato naturale di questa specie di Acacia. Un caso che merita qualche chiarimento. 72 t natural 1 gennaio - febbraio 2016 * Giovanna Serenelli on è questo l’incipit di un racconto giallo, ma la sto- Nria attuale di una piccola pianta e di supplementi truffaldi- ni, potenzialmente pericolosi per la salute. Acacia rigidula Benth [1], è un arbusto perenne o, se guidata nel- la crescita, un alberello che ha il suo territorio nativo in un area- le che dal sud del Texas si spin- ge sino alla porzione centrale del Fig. 2 Acacia rigidula in fiore. Acacia rigidula, Blackbrush Acacia From Wasowski Slide Collection Messico (Fig. 1). Questa specie Uploaded by Dcarlson Uploaded: 14 April 2007 Public Domain che appartiene al Genere Acacia gari sono Catclaw o Gavia È una bianca (Odocoileus virginianus, dell’Ordine delle Fabales, della fa- pianta piuttosto adattabile, resi- Fig. 6), ma non sono disdegnate miglia delle Fabaceae (insomma stente al calore che ama esposi- neppure dagli ovini. Di fatto que- zioni in pieno sole o a mezzo-sole. sto vegetale, in combinazione È in effetti uno dei più rigogliosi con Acacia texana, è sufficiente vegetali, insieme ad A. farnesia- a coprire le esigenze nutriziona- na, in grado di rigermogliare ab- li di capre adulte sia durante la bondantemente dopo gli effetti di- fine della gestazione che all’ini- sastrosi di eventuali incendi [2]. zio dell’allattamento della prole La ricca fioritura, di fiori crema o nella stagione autunnale e inver- gialli (Fig. 2), profumati, avviene nale [4]. in primavera, da febbraio ad apri- le [3] con successiva produzione Nella medicina tradizionale mes- di baccelli legnosi (Figg. 3, 4) sicana la radice bollita veniva che maturano da giugno ad ago- usata per il trattamento di eru- sto. I rami sono provvisti di spine zioni cutanee (vescicole, pustole, ACACIA (Fig. 5). Per tale motivo tra le sue papule, tumoretti ecc.) della più fronde trovano protezione piccoli disparata origine. Veniva però an- Fig. 1 Areale di distribuzione dell’Acacia mammiferi e uccelli. Le sue foglie che usata per il trattamento di va- rigidula. U.S. Geological Survey Range map rie forme di diarrea con presenza of Acacia rigidula Digital representation costituiscono un alimento per gli of “Atlas of United States Trees” by Elbert L. insetti e per il cervo dalla coda di sangue nelle feci (p’i’pi’taba in RIGIDULA Little, Jr. 1999 lingua Chontal; siqui buita in lin- una parente alla lontana delle no- stre fave mangerecce) raggiunge un’altezza massima di circa 4,5 m. NON COLPEVOLE (1,5-4,6 m) predilige terreni sedi- mentari calcarei ricchi di calcite ed aragonite. La chioma, decidua o semi-sempreverde, può raggiun- gere un’estensione massima di circa 5 m. È nota anche, popolar- Fig. 3 Acacia rigidula con baccelli in via di ma- Fig. 4 I frutti di Acacia rigidula. Credit: cpbr. mente, come Blackbrush Acacia o turazione Credit: cpbr.gov.au In: http://cpbr.gov. gov.au In: http://cpbr.gov.au/jmiller/factsheets/ Chaparro Prieto. Altri nomi vol- au/jmiller/factsheets/Vachellia/rigidula.htm Vachellia/rigidula.htm gennaio - febbraio 2016 natural 1 t 73 FITOTERAPIA alcaloidi, glicosidi cianogenici, ci- clitoli, acidi grassi degli oli ricava- ti dai semi, fluoroacetati, gomme, aminoacidi non proteici, terpeni, tannini idrolizzabili, flavonoidi, tannini condensati (proantociani- dine) [8]. Vediamo che cosa han- no di speciale questi gruppi. Fig. 5 I rami spinosi dell’Acacia rigidula Credit: cpbr.gov.au In: http://cpbr.gov.au/jmiller/fact- Il primo gruppo riguarda le ammi- sheets/Vachellia/rigidula.htm ne e gli alcaloidi. Sono due nomi differenti, ma li troviamo accop- gua Yaqui) [5]. piati per il semplice motivo che Altri usi medicinali non manca- nel mondo vegetale è difficile di- no. La radice in infusione è utile stinguere nettamente alcune am- nel trattamento delle bronchiti, mine complesse dagli alcaloidi1 nei casi di ipercolesterolemia, [9]. Per esempio Acacia berlan- nella riduzione del peso e come Fig. 6 Odocoileus virginianus Phil Myers (photo- dieri che i Messicani chiamano vermifugo. Gli steli possono es- grapher; copyright holder), Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor This work is guajillo, contiene N-metil-β-fen- sere applicati come impacchi nel licensed under a Creative Commons Attribu- etilamina, N-metiltiramina, β-fen- trattamento della febbre. La cor- tion-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. etilamina, tiramina, ordenina e teccia fermentata in acqua è usata altre 33 amine e alcaloidi incluse nei casi di diarrea o di mal di sto- anfetamina, metilanfetamina, me- maco. L’infuso di corteccia, steli blog [7], Servando Santos Eli- scalina, mimosina metil estere, o radici da un ottimo tè di cui si zondo, scrittore e accademico nicotina, nornicotina e isochino- apprezza il gusto. messicano che al Chaparro prie- lina. Il brucare prolungatamente to dedica persino un’ode. A. berlandieri causa, in relazione Con i fiori e urina di puzzola (zor- al suo contenuto in N-metil-β-fen- rillo, probabilmente lo zorrillo Come pianta medicinale que- etilamina atassia a carico delle pigmeo endemico del Messico, sta Acacia contiene, o meglio zampe posteriori e riduzione del- Fig. 7) si produce profumo [6]. può contenere, come le Acacie la fertilità nel maschio di capra Il tè che si prepara con la cortec- in genere, un nutrito corredo di d’Angora [10]. Secondo dati del Fig. 7 Lo zorillo cia di questa pianta ha un sapore sostanze chimiche di interesse 1995 la sostanza sarebbe presen- (Spilogale pyg- gradevole, che può competere farmacologico e/o tossicologico. maea), la puzzola te anche in Acacia rigidula, ma messicana. Credit: con quello del tè alla salvia, al- I grandi gruppi di sostanze gene- in quelli più recenti il dato non è i Naturalist. meno a quanto riferisce, nel suo ralmente presenti sono amine e org Original In affatto confermato. http://www. I glicosidi cianogenici sono mo- inaturalist.org/ photos/417818 lecole costituite da una porzione Attribution-Non- glicidica legata a un aglicone, che Commercial-No- Derivs 3.0 presumibilmente sono utili alle Unported (CC piante come difesa. Infatti, quan- BY-NC-ND 3.0) do danneggiate, enzimi noti come beta-glicosidasi idrolizzano i gli- cosidi cianogenici e liberano il vo- latile e mortale acido cianidrico o acido prussico. È un gas questo di cui ben conosciamo l’odore per- ché è quello stesso profumo che gustiamo quando consumiamo mandorle amare. Il glicoside che lo libera è l’amigdalina, presente anche nei semi di pesche, prugne e mele. 74 t natural 1 gennaio - febbraio 2016 Gli aminoacidi non-proteici sono risposte ai deficit di acqua ecc. tosto complesse di cui entrano interessanti perché si riferiscono [11] è anch’esso un ciclitolo che a far parte anche le catechine in a una categoria di aminoacidi che condividiamo con i vegetali e che quantità variabili dalle 2 alle 8 si ritrovano nelle foglie o nei semi nel nostro organismo interviene unità. In generale i flavanoli han- dell’acacia, che possono essere nel metabolismo dei fosfolipidi no in vitro spiccate proprietà tossici per uomini e/o animali non delle membrane cellulari ed è un antiossidanti [12], antinfiamma- adattati al loro consumo. Qualche importante secondo messaggero torie [13], neuroprotettive [14] nome: albizzina (attività antivira- nella trasmissione di segnali tra e come appartenenti all’ampia le), acido pipecolico, acido N-ace- neuroni. gamma di flavonoidi sono dotati tildjenkolico (nefrotossico). I terpeni sono componenti che anche di attività antineoplasti- I ciclitoli sono dei glicidi che, noti troviamo negli oli essenziali del- ca e antivirale [15]. Ricordiamo come polialcoli o polioli, hanno le acacie e hanno trovato o tro- infine che i tannini condensati molecole simili ai monosaccaridi vano impiego in profumeria. Nel interferiscono, riducendolo, con provviste però di gruppi ossidrili- caso di Acacia rigidula sono stati l’assorbimento del Ferro e dello ci anziché gruppi aldeidici o che- identificati p-anisaldeide, jasmo- Zinco e sono in grado di precipi- tonici. Per esempio sono polioli il ne, kaur-16-ene, cis-3-exenil ben- tare proteine rendendo difficile sorbitolo, naturalmente presente zoato, metil 2,6-diidrossibenzoa- l’azione degli enzimi digestivi ed in piccole quantità nella frutta, lo to e citronellil acetato. interferendo anche con le loro xilitolo che troviamo nelle gom- I tannini condensati rappresenta- funzioni. La sensazione di allap- me da masticare o il mannitolo no dall’1 all’8% dei componenti pamento che proviamo quando noto per essere utile come lassa- delle foglie e della corteccia del- mangiamo certi frutti immaturi tivo e come dolcificante. Il mio-i- le Acacie americane, mentre nel (kaki ad esempio) è l’espressione nositolo che nel metabolismo del- legno la percentuale scende a va- dell’effetto chimico che i tannini la pianta ha funzioni importanti lori dell’1% o inferiori. Insolubili, hanno sulle proteine. Del resto i quali l’essiccamento dei semi, la sono anche noti come flavanoli e tannini si usano anche nella con- tolleranza ad ambienti salini, le hanno strutture molecolari piut- cia delle pelli. gennaio - febbraio 2016 natural 1 t 75 FITOTERAPIA corto. La sostanza infatti causa getti, possono scatenare cefalee. Ciò premesso torniamo ad Aca- infiammazione, spasmi, edema Fenetilamina è contenuta anche cia rigidula. La varietà di sostan- della laringe e dei bronchi, pol- nelle alghe (19). Il catabolismo ze chimiche in essa contenute moniti o edema polmonare.
Recommended publications
  • Tree and Tree-Like Species of Mexico: Asteraceae, Leguminosae, and Rubiaceae
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 439-470, 2013 Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 439-470, 2013 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.32013 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.32013439 Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Asteraceae, Leguminosae, and Rubiaceae Especies arbóreas y arborescentes de México: Asteraceae, Leguminosae y Rubiaceae Martin Ricker , Héctor M. Hernández, Mario Sousa and Helga Ochoterena Herbario Nacional de México, Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apartado postal 70- 233, 04510 México D. F., Mexico. [email protected] Abstract. Trees or tree-like plants are defined here broadly as perennial, self-supporting plants with a total height of at least 5 m (without ascending leaves or inflorescences), and with one or several erect stems with a diameter of at least 10 cm. We continue our compilation of an updated list of all native Mexican tree species with the dicotyledonous families Asteraceae (36 species, 39% endemic), Leguminosae with its 3 subfamilies (449 species, 41% endemic), and Rubiaceae (134 species, 24% endemic). The tallest tree species reach 20 m in the Asteraceae, 70 m in the Leguminosae, and also 70 m in the Rubiaceae. The species-richest genus is Lonchocarpus with 67 tree species in Mexico. Three legume genera are endemic to Mexico (Conzattia, Hesperothamnus, and Heteroflorum). The appendix lists all species, including their original publication, references of taxonomic revisions, existence of subspecies or varieties, maximum height in Mexico, and endemism status. Key words: biodiversity, flora, tree definition. Resumen. Las plantas arbóreas o arborescentes se definen aquí en un sentido amplio como plantas perennes que se pueden sostener por sí solas, con una altura total de al menos 5 m (sin considerar hojas o inflorescencias ascendentes) y con uno o varios tallos erectos de un diámetro de al menos 10 cm.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Environmental Assessment for the Rio Grande City Station Road
    DRAFT FINDING OF NO SIGNIFIGANT IMPACT (FONSI) RIO GRANDE CITY STATION ROAD IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, RIO GRANDE CITY, TEXAS, RIO GRANDE VALLEY SECTOR, U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY U.S. BORDER PATROL, RIO GRANDE VALLEY SECTOR, TEXAS U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY WASHINGTON, D.C. INTRODUCTION: United States (U.S.) Customs and Border Protection (CBP) plans to upgrade and lengthen four existing roads in the U.S. Border Patrol (USBP) Rio Grande City (RGC) Station’s Area of Responsibility (AOR). The Border Patrol Air and Marine Program Management Office (BPAM-PMO) within CBP has prepared an Environmental Assessment (EA). This EA addresses the proposed upgrade and construction of the four aforementioned roads and the BPAM-PMO is preparing this EA on behalf of the USBP Headquarters. CBP is the law enforcement component of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that is responsible for securing the border and facilitating lawful international trade and travel. USBP is the uniformed law enforcement subcomponent of CBP responsible for patrolling and securing the border between the land ports of entry. PROJECT LOCATION: The roads are located within the RGC Station’s AOR, Rio Grande Valley (RGV) Sector, in Starr County, Texas. The RGC Station’s AOR encompasses approximately 1,228 square miles, including approximately 68 miles along the U.S.-Mexico border and the Rio Grande from the Starr/Zapata County line to the Starr/Hidalgo County line. From north to south, the four road segments are named Mouth of River to Chapeno Hard Top, Chapeno USIBWC Gate to Salineno, Salineno to Enron, and 19-20 Area to Fronton Fishing, and all of these segments are located south of Falcon International Reservoir (Falcon Lake), generally parallel to the Rio Grande.
    [Show full text]
  • El Matorral Espinoso Tamaulipeco En México
    Plantas características del matorral espinoso tamaulipeco en México Molina-Guerra V.M., Mora-Olivo A., Alanís-Rodríguez, E., Soto-Mata, B., Patiño-Flores, A.M. 2019. Plantas características del matorral espinoso tamaulipeco en México. Editorial Univer- sitaria de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Monterrey, México. 114 Pp. Plantas características del matorral espinoso tamaulipeco en México Víctor Manuel Molina-Guerra Arturo Mora-Olivo Eduardo Alanís-Rodríguez Brianda Elizabeth Soto-Mata Ana María Patiño-Flores Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Molina Guerra, Víctor Manuel [...y otros] Plantas características del matorral tamaulipeco en México. Contenido Monterrey, Nuevo León, México : Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 2019. (Tendencias) 116 páginas ; 16x21 cm Presentación 13 Matorral desértico – Clasificación – Tamaulipas, México Clasif. LC: SB317.A69 M4 2019 Clasif.DD: 581.6 M4 2019 Prólogo 15 ISBN: 978-607-27-1168-6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Introducción 17 Rogelio G. Garza Rivera El matorral espinoso tamaulipeco 19 Rector Carmen del Rosario de la Fuente García Secretaria General Fichas botánicas 23 Celso José Garza Acuña Secretario de Extensión y Cultura Antonio Ramos Revillas Achatocarpaceae 25 Director de Editorial Universitaria Paulothamnus spinescens 26 Primera edición 2019 © Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Asparagaceae 27 © Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Yucca filifera 28 © Víctor Manuel Molina Guerra, Arturo Mora Olivo,
    [Show full text]
  • 52 Annual Meeting
    52nd Annual Meeting of the Texas Chapter of The Wildlife Society A Texas Parks & Wildlife biologist demonstrates to students how to sample deer for CWD on East Foundation land. Chronic Wasting Disease in Texas Whitetails…Now What? 18–20 February 2016 San Antonio, Texas 2015–2016 EXECUTIVE BOARD EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR DON STEINBACH PRESIDENT ROEL LOPEZ PRESIDENT ELECT RANDY DEYOUNG VICE PRESIDENT COREY MASON SECRETARY MANDY KRAUSE TREASURER TERRY BLANKENSHIP BOARD MEMBER RACHEL LANGE ARCHIVIST ALAN FEDYNICH PAST PRESIDENT DAVE HEWITT PROGRAM TYLER CAMPBELL & DEAN RANSOM LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS CHAD GRANTHAM & LUCAS COOKSEY POSTERS KORY GANN 2 TENTATIVE MEETING SCHEDULE – 01.12.2016 Wednesday, 17 February 9:00 AM–4:00 PM Wildlife Tracking Training Workshop Executive Salon 5 Afternoon in-the-field Thursday, 18 February 8:00 AM–8:00 PM Registration Fiesta Pavilion Foyer 8:00 AM–12:00 PM Exhibitor Set-up Fiesta Pavilion 8:00 AM–12:00 PM Media Training Workshop Texas Ballroom C 8:00 AM–12:00 PM Camp Bullis Field Trip Front of Hotel Lobby 8:00 AM–12:00 PM San Antonio River Field Trip Front of Hotel Lobby 8:00 AM–12:00 PM TCTWS Executive Meeting Texas Ballroom A 8:00 AM–3:00 PM Poster Session Set-up Period Fiesta Pavilion 8:00 AM–3:00 PM Plant ID Set-up & Competition Executive Salon 4 8:00 AM–5:00 PM Texas Quiz Bowl Set-up & Competition San Antonio Ballroom 8:00 AM–9:00 PM TCTWS Office Work Space Directors Room 1 8:00 AM–9:00 PM TCTWS Meeting Space to Hold Directors Room 2 8:00 AM–9:00 PM TWA Directors Meeting Texas Ballroom B 12:00 PM–10:00 PM Exhibits
    [Show full text]
  • Vachellia Farnesiana, Huisache 2020
    Fire Effects Information System (FEIS) Vachellia farnesiana, huisache 2020 Abstract Introduction Distribution and plant communities Botanical and ecological characteristics Fire ecology and management Management considerations Appendix References Figure 1—Huisache in bloom. Photo by Wynn Anderson 2017. Used with permission. Citation: Schiltmeyer, Allie V.; Zouhar, Kris. 2020. Vachellia farnesiana, huisache. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/vacfar/all.html 1 ABSTRACT Huisache is a small tree or shrub native to parts of the southern United States from southern California to southern Florida, and south into Mexico. In North America, huisache is most common in southern Texas. It is introduced in Hawaii and many areas throughout the tropics and subtropics. It commonly occurs in brushy areas, open woodlands, hummocks, and disturbed areas. In South Texas it is common to dominant in several riparian and wetland ecosystems, mixed upland-wetland ecosystems, and upland woodland and shrubland ecosystems. It is mostly abundant in dry, sandy soils, but it is found in a broad range of soil types. Huisache reproduces from seed but does not spread vegetatively. Seedlings establish best in full sun, and they are intolerant of shade. Huisache is an early successional species and may form thickets on disturbed sites and become invasive in some ecosystems. After fire huisache regenerates by sprouting from buds at the stem base or root crown after top-kill, and from buds on branches when aerial crowns are damaged but not killed.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of the Antimicrobial Activity and Secondary Metabolites
    Texas A&M International University Research Information Online Theses and Dissertations 7-12-2021 Investigation of the Antimicrobial Activity and Secondary Metabolites of Leaf Extracts from Vachellia Rigidula, Vachellia Farnesiana, Senegalia Berlandiery, and Senegalia Gregii Hector Benjamin Lozano Follow this and additional works at: https://rio.tamiu.edu/etds Recommended Citation Lozano, Hector Benjamin, "Investigation of the Antimicrobial Activity and Secondary Metabolites of Leaf Extracts from Vachellia Rigidula, Vachellia Farnesiana, Senegalia Berlandiery, and Senegalia Gregii" (2021). Theses and Dissertations. 148. https://rio.tamiu.edu/etds/148 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Research Information Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Research Information Online. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND SECONDARY METABOLITES OF LEAF EXTRACTS FROM VACHELLIA RIGIDULA, VACHELLIA FARNESIANA, SENEGALIA BERLANDIERI, AND SENEGALIA GREGGII A Thesis by HECTOR BENJAMIN LOZANO Submitted to Texas A&M International University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 2019 Major Subject: Biology INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND SECONDARY METABOLITES OF VARIOUS LEAF EXTRACTS FROM VACHELLIA RIGIDULA, VACHELLIA FARNESIANA, SENEGALIA BERLANDIERI, AND SENEGALIA GREGGII A Thesis by HECTOR BENJAMIN LOZANO Submitted to Texas A&M International University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved as to style and content by: Chair of Committee, Dr. Ruby A. Ynalvez Committee Members, Dr. Mónica O. Mendez Dr. Fernando G.
    [Show full text]
  • GHG Final Biological Assessment for Occidental
    Occidental Chemical Corporation (OxyChem) Ethane Cracker, Markham Ethylene Pipeline, and San Patricio Pipeline Project Biological Assessment Prepared for: Occidental Chemical Corporation 5 Greenway Plaza, Suite 110 Houston, TX, 77046 (713) 215-7000 Prepared by: Tetra Tech 285 Ellicott Street Buffalo, NY, 14203 (716) 849-9419 Tetra Tech Project No. 112C04710 DRAFT February 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................... viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. i 1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Purpose and Need ............................................................................... 3 1.2 Purpose and Objective of Biological Assessment............................................. 3 1.3 Permits and Regulatory Requirements ............................................................. 3 1.3.1 Clean Air Act .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bee and Flowering Plant Communities in a Riparian Corridor of the Lower
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.04.894600; this version posted October 28, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 BEE AND FLOWERING PLANT COMMUNITIES IN A RIPARIAN 2 CORRIDOR OF THE LOWER RIO GRANDE RIVER (TEXAS, USA) 1 2 3 3 AMEDE RUBIO , KAREN WRIGHT , AND SCOTT LONGING 4 1Texas A&M International University., Laredo, TX, 2Texas A&M University, College Station, 5 TX, 3Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 6 Abstract 7 The Rio Grande in Texas serves as the geo-political boundary between the United States 8 and Mexico. It is considered one of the world’s most at-risk rivers and has been the subject of 9 intensified management by the inhabitants of both countries lining its banks. Additionally, 10 invasion by non-native Arundo donax (Linnaeus) (Cyperales: Poaceae), giant reed, has been 11 extensive in the riparian corridor, with potential impacts to native wildlife. Locally, there 12 remains a significant lack of ecological community data of riparian and upland habitats parallel 13 to the river. We sampled bee and flowering plant communities monthly over two years, along a 14 3.22 km stretch of the lower Rio Grande in Webb County, TX. Data show that bee and plant 15 richness and abundance was highest during March-April and September among both habitat 16 types. Analysis of bee communities showed low spatial and temporal variation at the habitat 17 level.
    [Show full text]
  • Tree and Tree-Like Species of Mexico: Asteraceae, Leguminosae, and Rubiaceae
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 439-470, 2013 Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 439-470, 2013 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.32013 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.32013439 Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Asteraceae, Leguminosae, and Rubiaceae Especies arbóreas y arborescentes de México: Asteraceae, Leguminosae y Rubiaceae Martin Ricker , Héctor M. Hernández, Mario Sousa and Helga Ochoterena Herbario Nacional de México, Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apartado postal 70- 233, 04510 México D. F., Mexico. [email protected] Abstract. Trees or tree-like plants are defined here broadly as perennial, self-supporting plants with a total height of at least 5 m (without ascending leaves or inflorescences), and with one or several erect stems with a diameter of at least 10 cm. We continue our compilation of an updated list of all native Mexican tree species with the dicotyledonous families Asteraceae (36 species, 39% endemic), Leguminosae with its 3 subfamilies (449 species, 41% endemic), and Rubiaceae (134 species, 24% endemic). The tallest tree species reach 20 m in the Asteraceae, 70 m in the Leguminosae, and also 70 m in the Rubiaceae. The species-richest genus is Lonchocarpus with 67 tree species in Mexico. Three legume genera are endemic to Mexico (Conzattia, Hesperothamnus, and Heteroflorum). The appendix lists all species, including their original publication, references of taxonomic revisions, existence of subspecies or varieties, maximum height in Mexico, and endemism status. Key words: biodiversity, flora, tree definition. Resumen. Las plantas arbóreas o arborescentes se definen aquí en un sentido amplio como plantas perennes que se pueden sostener por sí solas, con una altura total de al menos 5 m (sin considerar hojas o inflorescencias ascendentes) y con uno o varios tallos erectos de un diámetro de al menos 10 cm.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation of Biodiversity in the Lower Rio Grande Valley
    Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Oklahoma State University An International Borderland of Concern: Conservation of Biodiversity in the Lower Rio Grande Valley Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5078 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Front cover. Photographs of Amazilia yucatanensis (buff-bellied hummingbird), Falco femoralis septentrionalis (northern aplomado falcon), and Leopardus pardalis albescens (northern ocelot). Used with permission and modified from ©Larry Ditto Nature Photography. Back cover. Photograph of Aythya americana (redheads). Used with permission and modified from ©Larry Ditto Nature Photography. Lower banner artwork, Biological Report 88(36), November 1988, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. An International Borderland of Concern: Conservation of Biodiversity in the Lower Rio Grande Valley By David M. Leslie, Jr. Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Oklahoma State University Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5078 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2016 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod/. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text.
    [Show full text]
  • Survival and Performance of Cultivated Woody Legume Species in Yuma, Arizona
    Volume 31, Number 2 Desert February 2016 Published by The University of Arizona for Plants the Boyce Thompson Arboretum Survival and Performance of Cultivated Woody Legume Species in Yuma, Arizona Matthew B. Johnson Haematoxylum brasiletto Desert Plants Volume 31, Number 2 A journal devoted to broadening knowledge of plants Published by The University of Arizona for the indigenous or adapted to arid and sub-arid regions and Boyce Thompson Arboretum to encouraging the appreciation of these plants. 37615 E US Highway 60 Superior, AZ 85173 Kim Stone, editor Copyright 2016. The Arizona Board of Regents on [email protected] behalf of The University of Arizona. The Boyce Thompson Arboretum at Superior, Arizona, is cooperatively managed by the Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum, Inc., The University of Arizona, and Arizona State Parks. Boyce Thompson Arboretum From the editor This issue of Desert Plants marks the end of nearly a quarter Arizona and California, but none were willing to make the sub- century of woody plant evaluation in Yuma, Arizona. It’s a mel- stantial commitment that would be required to salvage any of ancholy end, to be sure, but for financial, logistical, and practical the plants. Mark also felt that the wood, itself, might be useful reasons, it was time. The planting site, a three and half hour for milling, but because it had no track record for commercial drive from Tucson, was chosen for its winter warmth, not for workability, he was unable to generate any takers from this angle, its convenient location. The distance made work trips to prune, either.
    [Show full text]
  • Acuerdo Por El Que Se Expiden Los Lineamientos Y Procedimientos Para
    Ambienta! c. REPRESENTANTE LEGAL DE LA EMPRESA DELARO, S. DE RL. DE C.V. MONTES URALES, NÚMERO 770, PISO 5 COL. LOMAS DE CHAPULTEPEC V SECCION, C.P.11000 ALCALDÍA MIGUEL HIDALGO, CIUDAD DE MÉXICO TELÉFONO: (52) 55 6192 9147 EMAIL: Una vez analizado y evaluado el Documento Técnico Unificado, modalidad B Regional (DTU­ BR), correspondiente al proyecto denominado "linea de Transmisión Parque Eólico Delaro" (proyecto) promovido por la empresa Delaro, S. de R.L de C.V. (promovente), con pretendida ubicación en los municipio de General Bravo en el estado de Nuevo León y Reynosa en el estado de Tamaulipas, y RESULTAN DO: l. Que el 22 de diciembre de 2010, se publicó en el Diario Oficial de la Federación, el Acuerdo por el que se expiden los lineamientos y procedimientos para solicitar en un trámite único ante la Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales las autorizaciones en materia de impacto ambiental y en materia forestalque se indican y se asignan fas atribuciones correspondientes en los servidores públicos que se señalan, mediante el cual se establece el Trámite Unificado de Cambio de Uso de Suelo Forestal, que es el que integraen un solo procedimiento administrativo/el trámite relativo a la autorización en materia de impacto ambiental y el de cambio de uso de suelo forestal, en lo sucesivo el Acuerdo. U. Que el 09 de julio de 2019, fue recibido en esta Dirección General de Impacto y Riesgo Ambiental (DGIRA), el escrito sin número de fecha 08 del mismo mes y año, conducto por el cual la promovente ingresó el DTU-BR del proyecto, para su evaluación y resolución en materia de Impacto Ambiental y Cambio de Uso de Suelo en Terrenos Forestales (CUSTF), "Línea de Transmisión Parque Eólico De/aro" De/aro, S.
    [Show full text]