NSU College of ExamSoft Mapping – Appendix B

Basic Biomedical Sciences

B01: Anatomy and Physiology B01.01: structure and function of major body systems: integumentary, muscular skeletal, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, nervous, endocrine, urinary, reproductive, and body fluid and electrolytes B01.02: molecular aspects of cell biology B01.03: cell physiology and cellular structure and organization

B02: Pathology/Pathophysiology B02.01: basic principles and mechanisms of disease, including: inflammation and repair, degeneration, disturbances on hemodynamics, developmental defects, neoplasia B02.02: pathophysiology of disease states amenable to intervention

B03: Microbiology B03.01: general principles of microbial concepts B03.02: principles of infectious disease B03.03: host‐parasite relationships B03.04: pathogenic micro‐organisms of man B03.05: inflammatory responses to infectious agents B03.06: clinical aspects of infection

B04: Immunology B04.01: human immunity and immune response B04.02: principles of antigen‐antibody relationships B04.03: molecular biology of immune response B04.04: genetic basis for antibody synthesis, development, function, and immunopathology

B05: Biochemistry/Biotechnology B05.01: of biomacromolecules (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA) B05.02: enzymology and co‐enzymes and kinetics B05.03: metabolic pathways to energy utilization B05.04: nucleic acid metabolism, including DNA replication and repair, RNA, and protein synthesis B05.05: recombinant DNA technology

B06: Molecular Biology/Genetics B06.01: cell structure and components B06.02: ion channels and receptor physiology B06.03: mitosis and meiosis B06.04: chromosomes and DNA B06.05: gene transcription and translation processes B06.06: recombinant DNA technology

B07: Biostatistics B07.01: understanding of commonly used statistical tests and their basis B07.02: management of data sets B07.03: evaluation of statistical results B07.04: understanding of statistical versus clinical significance Pharmaceutical Sciences

B08: Medicinal Chemistry B08.01: physico‐chemical properties of drug molecules in relation to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) B08.02: chemical basis of and therapeutics B08.03: fundamental pharmacophores for drugs used to treat disease B08.04: structure activity relationships in relation to drug‐target interactions B08.05: chemical pathways of drug metabolism B08.06: Application to making drug therapy decisions

B09: Pharmacology B09.01: mechanism of action of drugs in various categories B09.02: role of pharmacology in drug choice and the treatment of disease B09.03: pharmacodynamics of drug action and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination B09.04: adverse effects and side effects of drugs B09.05: drug‐target interactions B09.06: drug‐drug, drug‐food, drug‐lab test interactions B09.07: and development

B10: Pharmacognosy and Alternative and Complementary Treatments B10.01: concepts of crude drugs, semi‐purified, and purified natural products B10.02: variability of occurrence of pharmacologically active substances in plants and impact on regulatory aspects of herbal products B10.03: overview of classes of pharmacologically active natural products B10.04: dietary supplements (vitamins, minerals, and herbals) B10.05: alternative medical treatments B10.06: evaluation of alternative and complementary purity, bioavailability, safety, and efficacy B10.07: herbal‐drug interactions B10.08: dietary Health Supplement and Education Act and impact on regulation of dietary supplements and herbal products

B11: Toxicology B11.01: mechanism of toxicity and toxicokinetics B11.02: acute and chronic toxic effect of xenobiotics on the body, including drug or chemical overdose and toxic signs of drugs of abuse B11.03: Interpretation of drug screens B11.04: antidotes and approaches to toxic exposures B11.05: functions of poison control centers B11.06: bioterrorism and disaster preparedness and management

B12: Bioanalysis/Clinical Chemistry B12.01: fundamentals of laboratory medicine and its importance to screening, diagnosis, and evaluation of patients B12.02: clinical data relevant to disease state management

B13: Pharmaceutics/Biopharmaceutics B13.01: physical‐chemical principles of dosage forms B13.02: biological principles of dosage forms B13.03: principles of drug delivery via dosage forms (e.g., liquid, solid, semi‐solid, controlled release, patches, and implants) 2

B13.04: principles of dosage form stability and drug degradation in dosage forms B13.05: materials and methods used in preparation and use of dosage forms

B14: Pharmacokinetics/Clinical Pharmacokinetics B14.01: basic principles of in vivo drug kinetics (linear and nonlinear) B14.02: principles of bioavailability/bioequivalence B14.03: physiologic determinates of drug onset and duration B14.04: drug, disease, and dietary influences on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion B14.05: clinical pharmacokinetics of commonly used and low‐therapeutic‐index drugs B14.06: the pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic interface

B15: Pharmacogenomics/genetics B15.01: genetic basis for disease and drug action B15.02: genetic basis for alteration of drug metabolism B15.03: genome and proteomic principles in relation to disease and drug development B15.04: genetic basis for individualizing drug doses

B16: Extemporaneous /Parenteral/Enteral B16.01: United States Pharmacopeia guidance on compounding and FDA Compliance Policy Guidelines B16.02: techniques and principles used to prepare and dispense individual extemporaneous prescriptions, including dating of compounded dosage forms B16.03: liquid (parenteral, enteral), solid, semi‐solid, and topical preparations B16.04: dosage form preparation calculations B16.05: sterile admixture techniques including: USP Chapter 797, stability and sterility testing and dating, clean room requirements, infusion devices and catheters

Social/Behavioral/Administrative Pharmacy Sciences

B17: Health Care Delivery Systems B17.01: introduction to United States, state, and local health care delivery systems and their interfaces B17.02: social, political, and economic factors of the U.S. health care delivery system B17.03: principles that influence the distribution of pharmaceutical products and services B17.04: role of public and private insurers, , and managed care on health care delivery in the United States B17.05: Medicare and Medicaid B17.06: Indigent care programs B17.07: incidence of and problems associated with drug overuse, underuse, and misuse in the U.S. health care system B17.08: new models of care, including integrated care systems, medical home models of care, accountable care organizations

B18: Economics/Pharmacoeconomics B18.01: economic principles in relation to pharmacoeconomic analysis B18.02: concepts of pharmacoeconomics in relation to patient care B18.03: applications of economic theories and health‐related quality‐of‐life concepts to improve allocation of limited health care resources B19: Practice Management B19.01: leadership development B19.02: management of transformational change 3

B19.03: emotional intelligence for leaders B19.04: creating/implementing shared mission and vision B19.05: management principles (planning, organizing, directing, and controlling resources) applied to various pharmacy practice settings and patient outcomes B19.06: management of staff within the practice setting, including , technicians, and other supportive personnel B19.07: principles of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling pharmacy resources. B19.08: tools, including informatics, needed to assess and address change, increase competitiveness, improve quality, and optimize patient services B19.09: basic drug procurement process B19.10: integration of clinical and distributive functions with therapy management and other patient care services B19.11: management of medication use safety systems B19.12: strategies to improve continuity of patient care as patients move between health care settings B19.13: marketing principles B19.14: public/population health principles B19.15: basic accounting principles B19.16: infection control B19.17: project management B19.18: managing and improving the medication‐use process B19.19: third‐party administration and managed care systems B19.20: health care improvement mechanisms at the micro‐ and macro‐system levels

B20: Pharmacoepidemiology B20.01: application of principles of epidemiology to the study of drug use and outcomes in large populations B20.02: studies that provide an estimate of the probability of beneficial effects in populations, or the probability of adverse effects in populations, and other parameters relating to drug use benefit B20.03: methods for continual monitoring for unwanted effects and other safety‐related aspects of drugs

B21: Pharmacy Law and Regulatory Affairs B21.01: legal basis of pharmacy practice B21.02: pharmacist’s responsibilities and limits under the law B21.03: pharmacist’s role in reducing liability by reducing drug‐related misadventure B21.04: civil versus criminal liability B21.05: business contract law

B22: History of Pharmacy B22.01: overview of the evolution of pharmacy as a distinct profession B22.02: moving from focus on the drug to focus on the patient and the drug, including clinical pharmaceutical care and other aspects of patient‐provided pharmacist care B22.03: major milestones and contributors in the evolution of pharmacy

B23: Ethics B23.01: principles of professional behavior B23.02: ethical issues related to the development, promotion, sales, prescription, and use of drugs B23.03: dealing with ethical dilemmas B23.04: conflict of interest B23.05: ethical issues in delivery of patient‐centered care and clinical research B23.06: principles of end‐of‐life care B23.07: ethical issues in teamwork

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B24: Professional Communication B24.01: effective verbal and written interpersonal communication B24.02: health literacy B24.03: communicating with diverse patients, families, pharmacists, and other health professionals in a variety of settings, both individually and as a member of a team B24.04: interviewing techniques B24.05: active listening and empathy B24.06: assertiveness and problem‐solving techniques B24.07: cultural influences on communication of health information B24.08: group presentation skills B24.09: strategies for handling difficult situations B24.10: documentation of pharmacist recommendations and consultations B24.11: principles of behavior modification B24.12: communicating research and clinical findings to interprofessional and interdisciplinary audiences

B25: Social and Behavioral Aspects of Practice B25.01: pharmacy as a patient‐centered profession B25.02: patient and other health care provider perceptions of pharmacists’ capabilities B25.03: Role of the pharmacist related to patient care B25.04: role of the pharmacist related to interaction with other health care professionals B25.05: development of leadership skills B25.06: importance of involvement in pharmacy organizational, regulatory, state, and federal issues

B26: Informatics B26.01: basic terminology (data, information, knowledge, hardware, software, networks, information systems, information systems management) B26.02: reasons for systematic processing of data, information and knowledge in health care B26.03: use of data in continuous quality improvement initiatives B26.04: the benefits and current constraints in using information and communication technology in health care

Clinical Sciences

B27: Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacist‐Provided Care B27.01: overview of the pharmacy profession B27.02: issues of contemporary practice B27.03: emerging and unique roles for the pharmacist on the health care team B27.04: concepts of pharmacist‐provided patient care and medication therapy management services B27.05: principles of pharmacist‐managed, patient‐centered pharmacy services B27.06: methods of outcome monitoring and assessment techniques B27.07: problem identification (e.g., duplication, dosage, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions and interactions, frequency, dosage form, indication mismatches) and resolution B27.08: role of pharmacy care plans in patient care B27.09: interprofessional team decision making and care provision B27.10: monitoring for positive and negative drug therapy outcomes B27.11: evidence‐based practice and decisions B27.12: identifying pharmacotherapeutic knowledge gaps in the professional literature B27.13: principles of clinical management of drug toxicity and overdosage B27.14: home diagnostic devices B27.15: durable medical equipment 5

B28: Medication Dispensing and Distribution Systems B28.01: preparation and dispensing of prescriptions B28.02: development and maintenance of patient medication profiles B28.03: identification and prevention of medication errors B28.04: identification and prevention of drug toxicity B28.05: issues of distribution systems associated with all types of practice settings B28.06: role of automation and technology in workload efficiency and patient safety B28.07: assurance of safety in the medication‐use process B28.08: medication error reduction programs B28.09: continuous quality improvement programs

B29: Pharmacotherapy B29.01: principles of clinical practice guidelines for various disease states and their interpretation in the clinical setting B29.02: integration of core scientific and systems‐based knowledge in patient care decisions B29.03: reinforcement of basic science principles relative to drug treatment protocols and clinical practice guidelines B29.04: evaluation of clinical trials that validate treatment usefulness B29.05: application of evidence‐based decision making to patient care B29.06: drug monitoring for positive and negative outcomes B29.07: diagnostic tests in the diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of various disease states B29.08: concepts of pain management and palliative care B29.09: promotion of wellness and non‐pharmacologic therapies B29.10: disease prevention and monitoring B29.11: nonprescription drug therapies B29.12: dietary supplements B29.13: design of patient‐centered, culturally relevant treatment plans B29.14: drug‐induced disease B29.15: medication reconciliation for patients moving from one care setting to another

B30: Pharmacist‐Provided Care for Special Populations B30.01: pathophysiologic and pharmacotherapy alterations specific for special population patients (e.g., pediatric, geriatric, pregnant, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, celiac disease, genetic disorders, and others) for prescription and nonprescription B30.02: dosage calculation and adjustments in special‐population patients B30.03: drug monitoring for positive/negative outcomes in special‐population patients

B31: Drug Information B31.01: fundamentals of the practice of drug information B31.02: application of drug information skills for delivery of pharmaceutical care B31.03: technology of drug information retrieval for quality assurance B31.04: the ability to judge the reliability of various sources of information

B32: Medication Safety B32.01: causes of medication errors/systems approaches B32.02: human factors in errors B32.03: strategies for reducing errors B32.04: pharmacy leadership in medication safety B32.05: current National Patient Safety Goals as they relate to medication use B32.06: organizations devoted to assurance and advancement of quality health care (e.g., Joint 6

Commission) B32.07: quality and improvement strategies, such as failure mode and effects analysis, root cause analysis, and lean principles

B33: Literature Evaluation and Research Design B33.01: fundamentals of research design and methodology B33.02: principles of evaluation of the primary literature B33.03: practical implications of the primary literature B33.04: principles of research design and analysis in practicing evidence‐based pharmacy B33.05: levels of clinical evidence B33.06: regulatory and ethical principles for research

B34: Patient Assessment Laboratory B34.01: obtaining a comprehensive patient history B34.02: familiarity with basic assessment techniques (inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation), terminology, and the modifications caused by common disease states and drug therapy B34.03: triage and referral skills B34.04: knowledge of therapeutic drug concentrations and their interpretation B34.05: knowledge of the basis for common clinical laboratory values and diagnostic tests and the influences of common disease states B34.06: false positive and false negative results B34.07: OTC point‐of‐care testing devices (e.g., glucometers, pregnancy tests, home testing for HbA1c, drug screening) B34.08: principles of electrocardiography and common EKG abnormalities B34.09: advanced cardiac life support

B35: Elective Courses

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