Initial Environmental Examination

July 2019

PHI: Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

Improvement of Tokok – Churao – Chagchag Communal Irrigation System

Prepared by Municipality of Sadanga, Mt. Province for the Asian Development Bank

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 01 July 2019) The date of the currency equivalents must be within 2 months from the date on the cover. Currency unit = peso (PhP) PhP 1.00 = $ 0.01959 $1.00 = PhP 51.043

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank BDC Barangay Development Council BUB Bottom-Up Budgeting CIS Communal Irrigation System CNC Certificate of Non-Coverage CSC Construction Supervision Consultant CSO Civil Society Organization DA Department of Agriculture DED Detail Engineering Design DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development ECA Environmentally Critical Area ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate ECP Environmentally Critical Project EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMB Environmental Management Bureau ESS Environmental Safeguards Specialist GAD Gender and Development IEE Initial Environmental Examination INREMP Integrated Natural Resources and Environment Management Project IP Indigenous People IROW Infrastructure Right of Way LGU Local Government Unit LPRAT Local Poverty Reduction Action Team MDC Municipal Development Council MPN Most Probable Number NCB National Competitive Bidding NECA Non-Environmental Critical Area NECP Non-Environmental Critical Project NIA National Irrigation Administration NPCO National Project Coordinating Office NRIMP National Road Improvement and Management Program NRM Natural Resources Management OCM Overhead, Contingencies and Miscellaneous PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration ii

PDR Project Description Report PMIC Project Management Implementation Consultant PPCO Provincial Project Coordinating Offices PMO Project Management Office PMU Project Management Unit POs Peoples’ Organizations PSA Philippine Statistics Authority PWD Persons with Disability RC Reinforced Concrete RCPC Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert RPCO Regional Project Coordinating Offices REA Rapid Environmental Assessment ROW Right of Way SB Sangguniang Bayan SBD Standard Bidding Document SEMS Social and Environmental Management Systems SPMU Sub-Project Management Unit SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SSS Social Safeguard Specialist TA Technical Assistance TDS Total Dissolved Solids ToR Terms of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particulates WMA Watershed Management Area Watershed WMC Management Council WMPCO Watershed Management and Project Coordination Offices

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WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

˚C – degree centigrade ha – Hectare km – kilometer m – meter m asl – meter above sea level mm – Millimetre mg/L – milligram per liter mg/Nm3 – milligram per normal cubic meter ppt – parts per thousand μg/Nm3 – microgram per normal cubic meter µS/cm – microSiemens/cm % – Percent

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated.

This Initial Environmental Examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 2 A. Project Overview ...... 2 B. Project Description ...... 4 C. Design and Specification ...... 6 D. Project Cost...... 8 E. Project Duration and Schedule ...... 8 III. DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...... 9 A. Project Location ...... 9 B. Physical Environmental Conditions ...... 10 1. Air quality ...... 10 2. Noise and vibration ...... 10 3. Climate ...... 10 4. Topography and soils ...... 11 5. Water bodies ...... 12 6. Water quality ...... 12 7. Flooding ...... 12 8. Terrestrial flora and fauna ...... 13 9. Aquatic flora and fauna ...... 14 10. Protected areas ...... 14 C. Social Environmental Conditions ...... 14 1. Land Area and Land Use ...... 14 2. Nearest residential land ...... 14 3. Infrastructure ...... 15 4. Agriculture and aquaculture ...... 15 5. Population...... 15 6. Ethnic minorities ...... 16 7. Livelihoods...... 17 8. Physical and cultural heritage ...... 17 9. Public health ...... 17 10. Traffic and transport characteristics ...... 17 IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SCREENING ...... 18 V. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN...... 21 A. Implementation Arrangement ...... 21 B. Environmental Mitigation Plan ...... 23 C. Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 25 D. Environmental Compliance Monitoring ...... 25 E. Monitoring and Reporting ...... 26 VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE ACTIVITIES ...... 27 A. Stakeholder Consultations...... 27 B. Information Disclosure ...... 29 VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 30 VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 32

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: The Project Description of the Improvement of Tokok – Churao - Chagchag Communal Irrigation System ...... 4 Table 2: Preliminary Cost Estimate on Major Scope of Works ...... 8 Table 3: Indicative Subproject Implementation Schedule ...... 9 Table 4. Water Quality Parameter Values of BAAGMADOLI Watershed Management Unit . 12 Table 5: Municipal Land Use ...... 14 Table 6: Saclit Household and Population by Sitio ...... 16 Table 7: Saclit Population by Sex Per Sitio ...... 16 Table 8: Number of Indigenous Peoples by Tribal Groups ...... 16 Table 9: Summary of potential environmental impacts resulting from the implementation of civil works ...... 18 Table 10: Implementation Arrangements ...... 21 Table 11: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan ...... 23 Table 12: Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 25 Table 13: Environmental Compliance Monitoring Plan ...... 26 Table 14: Description of activities conducted during public consultations...... 28 Table 15: Outcomes of public consultation to date ...... 28 Table 16: Future public consultation activities ...... 29

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Photographs Showing the Existing Conditions of the Proposed CIS Subproject in Sadanga, Mountain Province ...... 3 Figure 2: Location of the Improvement of Tokok-Chagchag-Churao Communal Irrigation System ...... 7 Figure 3: Location of the Certificate of Land Ownership Award Where the Subproject is Located ...... 10 Figure 4: Climatic Map of the Municipality ...... 11 Figure 5: A Photograph Showing the Water Source of the Proposed Tokok – Chagchag – Churao CIS Subproject ...... 13

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1: A Certificate of Land Ownership Award ...... 34 Appendix 2: DENR Certification ...... 35 Appendix 3: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) of the Proposed Subproject ...... 36 Appendix 4: A Copy of the Certificate of Non – Coverage of the Subproject ...... 43 Appendix 5: Details of consultation activities on April 20, 2018 ...... 43 Appendix 6: Second community consultation on October 17, 2018 ...... 51 Appendix 7: Barangay Resolution Accepting and Endorsing the INREM Project ...... 63 Appendix 8: SB Resolution Accepting and Endorsing the INREM Project ...... 64 Appendix 9: WMC endorsing the Improvement of Tokok – Churao – Chagchag CIS ...... 67 Appendix 10: Grievance Intake Form ...... 70

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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. This Initial Environmental Examination has been prepared for the Improvement of Tokok – Chagchag – Churao CIS located in barangay Saclit, Sadanga, Mountain Province. This subproject is an improvement of the existing Communal Irrigation System with a length of 1,860 linear meter. The scope of works of the subproject cover the concreting of canal (2,040 lm), pipe lines installation (3,900 lm), canal excavation, stone masonry, and embankment.

2. The subproject is located at Barangay Saclit, Sadanga, Mountain Province. Barangay Saclit is one of the 8 barangays in the municipality of Sadanga. The subproject site is about 34 kilometers from the capital town of Bontoc, Mountain Province. Saclit is bounded by Tinglayan, Kalinga in the east, barangay Bekigan in the west, Tolgao of Tinglayan, Kalinga in the north and, barangays Betwagan & Poblacion, Sadanga in the south.

3. The proposed improvement aims to improve the two small irrigation systems, one that supplies the rice fields at Chagchag and the other that supplies the rice fields at Churao.

4. The main proponent is the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Sadanga and assisted by the Department of Agriculture - Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project (DA-INREMP). The subproject will be co-managed by the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office, Office of the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator and the Municipal Engineering Office.

5. The total cost of the subproject is Five Million Four Hundred Seventy-Eight Thousand Pesos (PhP5,478,000.00). The subproject funding source is majority coming from the DA - INREMP and LGU with a cost sharing of 88% and 12%, respectively. Construction will take four (4) month or 120 calendar days.

6. The Subproject has been categorized by ADB as Environment Category B and this IEE was prepared consistent with the environmental assessment requirements of ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement of 2009. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to proposed Improvement of Tokok – Churao – Chagchag Communal Irrigation System given that all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing CIS and are located within existing irrigation canal. There will only be localized temporary impacts during construction activities due to implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan.

7. The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the subproject. The proponent and DA-INREMP have made presentation of the subproject describing the objective of the consultations, project description, proposed civil works, and anticipated environmental impacts and their mitigation measures. Consultations were conducted to include neighboring beneficiary barangays in support of the improvement of the Tokok – Churao – Chagchag Communal Irrigation System.

8. A grievance redress mechanism will be established by the LGU of Sadanga, Mountain, Province prior to commencement of site works to ensure that complaints of affected person and other stakeholders regarding the project’s environmental performance are promptly addressed.

9. The IEE includes an environmental management plan which details the mitigation measures, environmental monitoring activities, institutional responsibilities, and environmental

management capacity building. The LGU Sadanga through its Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator and the Municipal Engineer will ensure that EMP provisions which include environmental mitigation measures to address anticipated adverse impacts of the subproject and responsibilities for implementation of mitigating measures and corresponding supervision and monitoring are included in the bid and contract documents for detailed design, project supervision and civil works. During construction, it will closely monitor the contractor’s environmental performance and over-all EMP implementation. Semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by LGU to DA-INREMP and ADB, and such reports will be posted on ADB’s website for public disclosure.

10. The main potential environmental impacts of the subproject during operation are: (i) soil erosion, scouring and siltation along the irrigation canal line can be avoided due to application of concrete canal lining; (ii) volume of water for irrigation increases; and (iii) rice production increases.

11. Based on the findings of the environmental assessment it is concluded that the subproject will have minor environmental impacts during construction and operation. These impacts will be adequately managed by implementing the mitigation measures indicated in the EMP and continuous monitoring.

II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

A. Project Overview

12. The government has long been finding solutions to resolve the cases of poverty in the country. Agrarian reform is one of the options that will result to economic growth and will contribute to the development of one area. The government established special projects to help reduce poverty through supporting the farmers by granting of full ownership and control of the land distributed and provides the beneficiaries infrastructures that will make the land productive.

13. One of the major components of its infrastructure is the rehabilitation or construction of communal irrigation system that will provide an all-year-round easy and affordable access to irrigation water thereby improving the prompt delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities and conditions.

14. Meanwhile, the Municipality of Sadanga being an agricultural land area aligned its development plan in rehabilitating rural infrastructures that will elevate the living condition and the quality of life of the target community. Barangay Saclit is one of the barangays identified that has the most resident farmers. The improvement of an existing irrigation has been the barangay’s unanimous hope for more than a decade.

15. At present, the proposed irrigation system is dilapidated with uncontrolled seepage and leakage while existing local sources is not enough to supply existing service area (Figure 1). There’s a need to augment the water source from a more stable and bigger source of water. This shall encourage cultivation of existing rice farms and generation of more rice fields to increase food production. Thus, the concreting of canal, pipe lines installation, canal excavation, stone masonry are included as the improvement of the existing communal irrigation system.

Figure 1: Photographs Showing the Existing Conditions of the Proposed CIS Subproject in Sadanga, Mountain Province

16. Advantages of canal lining works are mainly to reduce seepage loss, increase channel capacity, and less maintenance of the canal. Canal lining is not necessary if seepage losses are very small. The seepage loss of water in unlined canals of the existing Tokok-Churao- Chagchag CIS subproject is about 40% of total water supplied. The cost of canal lining is high but it is justifiable for its efforts in saving most of the water from seepage losses. Likewise, canal lining can also increase the channel capacity. The lined canal surface is generally smooth and allows water to flow with high velocity compared to unlined channel. Higher the velocity of flow greater is the capacity of channel and hence channel capacity will increase by providing lining. In terms of maintenance, the lined canal is easier than unlined canals. Generally, there is a problem of silting in unlined canal which removal requires huge

expenditure but in case of lined canals, because of high velocity of flow, the silt is easily carried away by the water.

17. The proposed subproject will serve an area of 55 hectares of agricultural land. It will also indirectly benefit farmers from other nearby barangays like Botbot of Tinglayan, Kalinga who usually trade their goods in Saclit with palay.

18. Rehabilitation of this communal irrigation system is the request of the community to help them boost the socio-economic well-being of the barangay. The improvement of the CIS will be essential as one of the basic support facility to achieve the goals of rehabilitating the forestlands.

B. Project Description

19. Details of the project is described below.

Table 1: The Project Description of the Improvement of Tokok – Churao - Chagchag Communal Irrigation System

DATA SUB-PROJECT DATA ITEM GENERAL INFORMATION Sub-Project Name Improvement of Tokok - Chagchag - Churao CIS Sub-Project Type Communal Irrigation System Sub-Project Owner Barangay Saclit Address of Sub-Project Owner Saclit, Sadanga, Mt. Province Name and Title of Head of Sub-Project Christopher Pallar Owner Barangay Chairman Telephone, fax and email details of 09106723581 Sub- Project Owner Name of Environmental Officer of PPMO N/A Telephone, fax and email details of N/A PPMO Environmental Officer SUB-PROJECT DESCRIPTION (For upgrade projects complete the following information for the existing and future, upgraded infrastructure) New project or rehabilitation project Rehabilitation Project Underground or surface water source Surface Water Identification of water source Agodong Creek For irrigation sub-project, is the Yes water available for domestic use also? Reservoir/dam inundation area and Diversion Dam surface area In this subproject, the diversion dam is a simple structure build to divert water from the river/ creek to meet the irrigation requirement Reservoir depth 1.5 meters Length and height of weir(s), if applicable 2,320 linear meters (L) 0.40 meters (H)

Number of water intakes and off-takes 1 Intake and 2 off-takes Length of new primary canals/pipelines N/A Length of new secondary canals/pipelines 1,250 Linear meters pipeline Length of new tertiary canals/pipelines N/A

Length of upgraded primary canals/pipelines N/A Length of upgraded N/A secondary canals/pipelines Length of upgraded tertiary canals/pipelines N/A Width and depth of primary canals 0.4 meter width and 0.4 meter depth Width and depth of secondary canals 0.3 meter width and 0.35 meter depth Width and depth of tertiary canals N/A Diameter of primary pipelines N/A Diameter of secondary pipelines 100 mm diameter Diameter of tertiary pipelines N/A Length and width of access road(s) N/A Number of spillways 3 spillways CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES Construction commencement date May 2019 (month/year) Construction completion date (month/year) August 2019 Number of construction workers 18 Construction camps required (Yes/No) No Construction in wet season (Yes/No) No List of the quantity and 1 Butt Welder HDPE Fusion Machine condition of construction 1 Chain Block equipment/vehicles Description of types and Identified wastes include excavated excess soil and approximate volumes of solid the emptied cement bags during and after the wastes and disposal methods improvement. Disposal method will include the use of the excavated soil for backfill and the cement bags to be included in the solid waste management of the barangay. The barangay participatory monitoring and evaluation team will also help in ensuring that no cement bags will be improperly disposed as part of their monitoring for environmental safeguards. Bio- degradable waste will only include the cleared grasses and shrubs. Composting will be done under the Barangay Solid Waste Management, monitored by the Barangay Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Team and coordinated to the contractor. Composting will be done in a composting pit outside the community and it will not have any negative impact to the community or to the environment. Cut / fill balance and management N/A measures for excess spoil OPERATION & MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES 3 Capacity of sub-project (m3 of water) 409 m of water (0.30m W x 0.35m D x 3,900m L). Capacity of sub-project (households 55 ha or hectares) Water treatment processes, if any N/A Frequency of maintenance dredging / Annually pipe cleaning Description of solid wastes and No solid waste disposal methods RESETTLEMENT AND LAND ACQUISITION1 Number of Affected Persons (APs) N/A Number of severely affected Aps N/A Number of APs that must relocate N/A Total land area to be acquired (ha) Temporary = N/A Permanent = N/A Agricultural land area to be acquired (ha) Temporary = N/A Permanent = N/A

Forestry land area to be acquired (ha) Temporary = N/A Permanent = N/A Aqua cultural land to be acquired (ha) Temporary = N/A Permanent = N/A Residential land to be acquired(ha) Temporary = N/A Permanent = N/A Garden land to be acquired (ha) Temporary = N/A Permanent = N/A Other land to be acquired (ha) Temporary = N/A Permanent = N/A SUB-PROJECT COST Total sub-project cost (Phil Peso and USD) PhP 5,478,000.00

C. Design and Specification

20. The proposed irrigation subproject has a total length of 3,900 linear meters to improve two (2) small irrigation systems and its source is the same as the existing water source which is the Agodong Creek. One that supplies the rice fields at Chagchag and the other that supplies the rice fields at Churao. An existing 2,320 linear meters irrigation canal is proposed for concreting along the Chagchag rice field. The installation of 1,250 linear meters transmission lines HDPE pipes is planned to connect an existing canal that supplies the Churao rice fields. The proposed concrete irrigation canal starts at Tokok intake sta.00+00 and ends halfway to the rice fields at sta. 2+320 while the GI pipes starts at sta. 1+370 and ends at an outlet & inlet tank that connects to an existing HDPE pipes at sta. 2+250 (Figure 2).

21. The construction works and specification of materials shall comply with engineering and construction standards set-forth by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and the National Building Code of the Philippines. Materials as quantified and estimated are assumed to be available in the locality. Prevailing market price is used to achieve the approved agency estimate which subsequently will be used as basis for the anticipated evaluation of bids, since the construction of the subproject will be through National Competitive Bidding.

22. The following are the proposed technical specifications of the primary construction materials of the subproject:

1) Marker and Billboard - fabrication and installation of project billboard shall be strictly complied prior to start of project and a permanent marker after completion of the project.

2) Canal Excavation - this item shall consist of canal excavation to be able to install form works for concrete canal lining in accordance with the specification and in conformity with the line, grades and dimensions shown on the plans or established by the Engineer.  Excavation to widen the irrigation canal for concreting includes solid rock excavation that is about a small portion of 200 cu m, unclassified excavation that is 353 cu m, and common earth excavation that is 698 cu m. Excavation shall be undertaken along waterway and ditches of the existing irrigation. Excavated soil materials will be used as backfill materials.  All suitable materials removed from the excavation shall be used in the formation of the embankment, subgrade, shoulders, slopes, bedding and backfill for structures and for other purposes shown on the plans or as directed. Unsuitable materials from canal excavation will be disposed properly in a designated area which is not within agricultural and forest area, and 300 m away from the residential area.  Only approved materials shall be used in the construction of embankments and backfills.

 Materials encountered in the excavation and determined by the Engineer as suitable for topping, canal finishing, slope protection, or other purposes shall be conserved and utilized as directed by the Engineer.  All materials excavated from side ditches, channel changes, irrigation ditches, inlet and outlet ditches, and other such ditches as may be designed on the plans or staked by the Engineer.

Figure 2: Location of the Improvement of Tokok-Chagchag-Churao Communal Irrigation System

3) Stone Masonry - this comprises about 12.38 cubic meters. Stone boulders and aggregates must be hard, durable, free form dirt and other foreign materials that are injurious to concrete. Boulders for stone masonry will be utilized from solid rock excavation and aggregates will be from the river along the project site. Stone weight must be ranging from 15-25 kilograms with at least 50% of the stones weighing more than 20 kilograms. Mortar mixture shall be one part of cement to three parts sand

4) Embankment - embankment/ fill shall be placed and thoroughly compacted.

D. Project Cost

23. The subproject cost as estimated has the total amount of PhP5,478,000.00 which includes the costs for the indirect cost and taxes aside from the direct cost (composed of material + labor + equipment). The OCM (Overhead, Contingencies and Miscellaneous) and Contractor’s Profit is 12% and 10% of the direct cost, respectively. Taxes will be in the fixed ratio of 5% as required by the national government. Table 2 shows the summary of the preliminary cost estimate.

24. Project fund was purely focused on civil works and EMP was not included on the preliminary cost estimate. Environmental monitoring and management plan will include constant monitoring by DENR, DA, MLGU and the Barangay Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Team. It shall be a joint effort of the above mentioned agencies.

Table 2: Preliminary Cost Estimate on Major Scope of Works

Description Unit Qty Unit Cost Amount 1 Health and Safety lot 1.00 Lumpsum 83,862.93 2 Clearing and grubbing sq m 5,355.00 4.75 25,426.03 3 Solid rock excavation cu m 43.00 1,049.30 45,119.94 4 Unclassified excavation cu m 66.00 334.26 22,061.14 5 Common earth excavation cu m 115 151.64 17,438.22 6 Concrete work cu m 356.69 8,709.06 3,106,433.97 7 Reinforcing steel bar kg 522.14 83.88 43,795.89 8 Skyline pipe works l m 1,250.00 1,362.30 1,702,879.32 9 Stone masonry cu m 31.00 7,289.85 225,985.50 10 Form works sq m 1665.29 97.50 189,147.89 11 Project Marker lot 1.00 Lumpsum 15,849.44 TOTAL: 5,478,000.00

E. Project Duration and Schedule

25. After the technical workshop provided by the National Project Coordinating Office (NPCO) in May 2018, the SPMU started the finalization and completion of the Subproject Proposal Document (SPD). The completed SPD will be submitted to the Department of Agriculture – Project Management Office (DA-PMO) for review and concurrence. When found substantial, it will be endorsed to the ADB for the NOL. During these stages, the detailed engineering design (DED) is simultaneously being prepared by the LGU Engineering Unit and

is expected to be final and complete on or before the time the ADB NOL. The DED shall then be translated into a Bidding Document once the SPD is approved.

26. Procurement period may start on August 2019 and shall take 10 to 12 weeks to comply with the ADB Procurement Guidelines, thus the subproject is expected to be awarded within the month of September 2019. Construction will take 240 calendar days. After the completion of construction works, the LGU will prepare the completion documents before the year ends and the turn-over ceremonies shall also take place at the same time.

Table 3: Indicative Subproject Implementation Schedule

Subproject Milestones 2018 2019 2020 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Ocular Inspection, Validation, Geo-tagging Community Consultation SPD Preparation DED Preparation SPD Review and Approval Procurement Stage Construction Stage Completion and Turn-over O&M Activity

III. DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

A. Project Location

27. Barangay Saclit is one of the 8 barangays in the municipality of Sadanga. Located at the boundary of Kalinga and Mountain Province. The place is about 34 kilometers from the capital town of Bontoc, Mountain Province. Saclit is bounded by Tinglayan, Kalinga in the east, barangay Bekigan in the west, Tolgao of Tinglayan, Kalinga in the north and, barangays Betwagan & Poblacion, Sadanga in the south.

28. The Certificate of Land Ownership Award (CLOA) (Appendix 1 and Figure 3) is the only tenure instrument given to the municipality. The approved CLOA is about 3,313 hectares under the name of four (4) individuals representing the four (4) major clusters in Sadanga. The widest area covers part of barangay Sacasacan, Belwang, Bekigan, Poblacion and Demang under the name of Francis Dangiwan, and others with a combined area of 1,684 hectares. The second widest area is part of barangay Betwagan and Anabel under the name of Mr. Jaime Tayab, and others with an area of 1,034. The third covers part of Sacasacan under the name of Fausto Morareng, and others with an area of 35 hectares. Another portion covers an area of 10 hectares under the name of Jose Limmayog, and others. Saclit with an area of 5, 604, 956 square meters, was under the name of Antonio Cassiw, and others, where the project site is located. An attempt to survey the actual area of the municipal ancestral domain for registration under CALT did not push through due to problem on funding.

Figure 3: Location of the Certificate of Land Ownership Award Where the Subproject is Located

B. Physical Environmental Conditions

1. Air quality

29. Secondary data of total suspended particles, particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide, which are common parameters for ambient air quality, are not available for the project site. Observations during site visit on April 20, 2018 reveals that there is no evidence of high dust levels, and other air quality problems since the subproject is located on a high elevation.

2. Noise and vibration

30. The noise levels in the subproject areas are most likely do not exceed to the acceptable limits during all time zones. Noise levels are attributed to the fair weather, noise comes from crickets and insects, and other animals around the project site.

3. Climate

31. Types 1 and 3 are the two climatic types prevailing in the municipality according to modified Corona classification (Figure 4). Type 1 has two pronounced seasons, dry from November to April, and wet during the rest of the year. Maximum rain period is from June to September while type 3 has no very pronounced maximum rain period, with a short dry season lasting only from one to three months, either during the period from December to February or from March to May. The climatic map shows the western part of the municipality towards Abra is considered type1 while the rest of the municipality Sadanga belongs to Type 3.

Figure 4: Climatic Map of the Municipality

4. Topography and soils

32. Barangay Saclit has varying land forms and slopes. The forest is suited to pine and mossy growth. With its elevation of about 1,200 meters above sea level, the upper parts of the barangay have a cooler temperature that are not suitable for a second cropping of rice and legumes unlike the lower areas, which are warmer even during the rainy season that makes a second cropping possible. The proposed improvement of Tokok-Chagchag-Churao CIS is relatively lower in elevation.

33. The municipality has a mountainous landscape. Its elevation ranges from 500 m asl to 2,618 m asl. The lowest is found at the Chico River exit point at sitio Mamaga, Saclit situated between Mountain Province and Kalinga boundary while the highest is found in Belwang. Elevation above 1,500-2,000 m asl dominates the land form that covers about 13,040 hectares or 40% of the total municipal land area.

34. Soil in the municipality of Sadanga vary from a texture of clay loam to loam and the undifferentiated mountain soils. Farmers from barangay Saclit claims that they have three soil classifications; clay loam, sandy loam and black loam, which are suitable for upland agricultural production.

35. From the farmers’ long experience, the soil is still fertile as no one in the barangay uses inorganic fertilizers for production. The only problem causing low harvest is inadequate irrigation supply and rodent infestation. The presence of traditional exotic shells and Japanese fish still abounds in the rice fields while they are extinct in other barangays in the municipality due to presence of golden kuhol.

5. Water bodies

36. The major rivers/lakes and creeks traversing Sadanga municipality are Chico River and Pasil River head waters while tributaries include Betwagan creek, Dogong, Maranas and Agodong creek. Likewise, inland lakes Dananao in Sacasacan, Angtadan, Agaidin in Bekigan and Chananao in Salit are source of water most especially for rice field communal irrigations.

6. Water quality

37. The proposed subproject is within the BAAGMADOLI subwatershed. The water source of the irrigation is Agodong Creek which is one of the many tributaries of the said sub watershed (Figure 5). The upper rivers have still no water classification pursuant to DAO No. 34, Series of 1990 and DENR Memorandum Circular No. 09, Series of 2001. In the absence of water classification and in accordance with the Manual of Procedure for Water Classification, these rivers are assumed to be a Class A waters since most of the upstream stations are under this classification. A “Class A” waters intended beneficial use is public water supply class which is usually sources of water supply that will require complete treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection) in order to meet the National Standards for Drinking Water.

38. Physical and chemical examinations of the BAAGMADOLI WMU was based on the Philippine National Standard for Drinking Water and was conducted by the Rural Health Unit (RHU) of Bauko in June 2016. All the major tributaries and inlet and outlet of BAAGMADOLI WMU along Chico River are not contaminated with the effect of physical and chemical pollutants as shown from the normal results of pH range, nitrate, cyanide, and lead contents. Aquatic life could therefore thrive within BAAGMADOLI WMU. However, bacteriological tests found ecoli bacteria contamination on all the major tributaries, inlet and outlet of BAAGMADOLI WMU (Table 4). Apart from not suitable for drinking purposes, the river is not recommended for bathing especially for individuals with wounds unless water is treated with chlorine.

7. Flooding

39. The proposed communal irrigation subproject is not susceptible to flooding. The irrigation alignment as well as service areas are located on a higher elevation. There is no flooding reported incidences in the area of the subproject.

Table 4. Water Quality Parameter Values of BAAGMADOLI Watershed Management Unit

BAAGMADOLI Tributary Sample Point

Philippine Standard

Values for Water Quality Parameter

Inlet

River

lingoy

River)

Outlet

Aguyo

Balitian

Dugong

Docligan Docligan Maranas

Agodong Parameter Nanguab

Maligcong Maligcong

OLI (Chico OLI (Chico

BAAGMAD BAAGMAD Turbidity (FTU) 0 14 0 14 48 0 0 0 3.0 7.0 23 pH 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 – 8.5 Total Coliform, >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 <1.1 MPN/100 ml Fecal Coliform, >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 <1.1 MPN/100 ml Source: Rural Health Unit (RHU) of Bauko (June 2016)

Figure 5: A Photograph Showing the Water Source of the Proposed Tokok – Chagchag – Churao CIS Subproject

8. Terrestrial flora and fauna

40. Recognized flora resources in the municipality are abundant from wild edible plants, medicinal/aromatic plants, ornamental plants, vines bamboo and others. Habitat of the flora resources are within the existing forest ecosystem in the municipality e.g. Pine forest ecosystem, Mossy forest and Dipterocarp forest ecosystem as well as within the open/mixed forest ecosystem. While there are no official studies conducted in Sadanga, the local hunters in the barangay who frequented the forest for wild games reveal that about 200 species may be found in the area. Many of these are considered either endemic to the area, or with a limited range. The nearest forest is approximately 2 km from the CIS subproject.

41. Faunal resources are also diverse in the municipality from birds, wild animals, wild bees including freshwater aquatic resources. All of which perform varied roles in the ecosystem and executing symbiotic relationship indicating a healthy and harmonious environment. A reference to the Threatened Philippine Wildlife Species showed that only Philippine eagle (Phithecopaga jefferyi) is the endangered species found in the locality in Betwagan. However, observations by the folks have it that “Ginga” (Mollusks) and Mudfish with habitat in the rice fields have become endangered due to the introduction of Golden Kuhol that devour on their eggs.

9. Aquatic flora and fauna

42. Water bodies in the municipality include three small inland lakes, creeks and a portion of the Chico River that pass along the municipality. They serve as source of aquaculture activities and it has a total land area of 155 hectares or 0.5% to include easement areas. Barangay Saclit still maintains the exotic falisfish or Japanese fish in their rice fields due to absence of golden kuhol that eliminated the Japanese fish in most rice paddies in the municipality of Sadanga.

10. Protected areas

43. The DA-INREMP and its consultants have observed that there are no trees at the easement and right of way, and no endangered and critically endangered species of flora and fauna within the proposed CIS subproject during the field validation on April 20, 2019. A DENR - CENRO certification is shown in Appendix 2.

C. Social Environmental Conditions

1. Land Area and Land Use

44. Generated areas from the approved cadastral map are used to derive the existing land uses. The following are the general land use:

45. Forest constitutes the larges total land area at 44.54% followed by agricultural land developed by the community on the steep and rolling slopes as rice terraces and swidden farms where water source is available. Parts of the denuded forest are reforestation areas identified and listed in the Barangay Development Plan.

Table 5: Municipal Land Use Land Use Area % to Total Forestland 9,992.15 91.98 Inland Water 155.05 0.48 Road Buffer 22.92 0.07 Rice fields 1,152.64 3.53 Cultivated 1,217.43 3.73 Settlement 68.59 0.21 TOTAL: 32,608.76 100 Source: MPDO

2. Nearest residential land

46. Traditional housing made of light materials is now being replaced with more semi- permanent and permanent structures due to convenience and low cost maintenance compared to the old tribal house. The nearest residential land is around 2 km of the service area. It is mainly rural residential land.

3. Infrastructure

47. The proposed subproject does not affect any electricity lines, roads, railways, telecommunications infrastructure, pipelines or other public infrastructure. Some of these infrastructures are not present while others are distant from existing irrigation canals.

4. Agriculture and aquaculture

48. Farming is the main source of income for the people in this municipality which includes barangay Saclit. About 2,370 hectares or 7 % of the total municipal land area are devoted for agriculture. From this figure, heirloom rice production on irrigated farm area has the largest share covering 1,973 hectares while the other rain fed areas are devoted for beans production, fruit trees like mango, coconuts, citrus, coffee, banana, papaya, and other crops like sugar cane, camote and vegetables.

49. Due to limited areas for rice production, one-time annual rice cropping is practiced in the locality. The cold weather conditions of the upper barangays are coupled with the adherence of the people to sustain organic farming. Local farmers are planting rice twice a year only in the lower portion.

50. Backyard swine production is the most popular household economic activities in the place followed by range chicken and large animal raising. Livestock and poultry survey in 2016 shows that there are 2,708 heads of native and crossbreed pigs, 1,104 head of native chicken and 208 in poultry, 120 heads duck, 340 cattle and 660 head carabao. These livestocks can only supply local household needs except swine which are being bought by butchers from Bontoc.

51. Lands devoted for agriculture comprise of 2,600 hectares. Agricultural activities in the place include rice farming, dry land cultivation for beans production, and other fruit bearing trees.

52. Water bodies in the municipality include three (3) small inland lakes, creeks and a portion of the Chico River that pass along the municipality. They serve as source of aquaculture activities and it has a total land area of 155 hectares which include easement areas.

5. Population

53. The municipality posted a total population of 9,181 persons, as of May 1, 2010 NSO survey. This figure represents a slight decrease of 525 persons over the total population of 9,706 persons in 2007. However, there is another decrease of 432 persons registered over a span of five years from 9,181 populations in 2010 to 8,799 in 2015.

54. The most populated barangay is Betwagan with a total population of 2,324 and the least is Barangay Bekigan with a total population of 557. Tables 5 and 6 show population distribution by barangays for the past five (5) censual year.

Table 6: Saclit Household and Population by Sitio Purok No. Of Households No. Of Population (PSA 2015) (CBMS 2012) 1.Chacangan 42 189 2. Challog 37 178 3. Cam-or 43 188 4. Peray 45 176 Purok 5. Paykek 38 213 Total 205 944 Source: CBMS 2012 and PSA 2015

Table 7: Saclit Population by Sex Per Sitio

Purok / Sitio Sitio / Name Male Female Total Population 1 Chacangan 96 93 189 2 Challog 97 81 178 3 Cam-or 86 102 188 4 Peray 85 91 176 5 Paykek 115 98 213 TOTAL 479 465 944 Source: 2017 BHS

55. Based on the municipal land area and the population, the population density in the municipality is computed at 0.28 persons per hectare. A 1.34 population density is registered in urban area while the rural area has 0.24. Population density of barangay Saclit is 0.51 person per hectare using 2010 PSA survey.

56. The males have a bigger number than females by a small margin in Saclit. Purok Paykek has the highest population of 173, followed by Purok 1 and Purok Cam-or.

6. Ethnic minorities

57. People in the project site are 100% Indigenous Peoples. They are mainstream society in the local with power and control. They are considered by NCIP as part of the Bontok tribe. They are considered as the primary and secondary beneficiaries of the subproject. The chant of Saclit says that their people belong to the Walitan tribe. Barangay Saclit is also the place called Danew or the Walitan.

Table 8: Number of Indigenous Peoples by Tribal Groups

Barangay Saclit Tribal Group Population Ethnic Group M F Total % Distribution Saclit / Danew / Walitan 479 465 944 100 Total 479 465 944 100% Source: BHW 2017

58. The concerns of indigenous peoples provide a distinct and important perspective on population and development relationships because of the issues of discrimination, marginalization and oppression. They form an integral part of national development but their location and considerable distance from the mainstream of social and economic services make them an underserved population.

59. Like other subtribes in the municipality, they have their own indigenous knowledge, systems and practices that revolve around their life cycle and agricultural seasons. These people engaged on rice farming, planting of upland vegetables and sweet potato. They speak their own language which is distinct from the other sub tribes of the municipality. Through intermarriage, other ethnics came and resided in Saclit but they are still generally called the Bontok tribe or Walitan sub tribe thru affiliation and the fact that they are residing in the barangay.

7. Livelihoods

60. In general, the primary sources of livelihood in barangay Saclit are farming, livestock & poultry raising. Farming includes rice field tilling, gardening and growing of fruit trees while livestock & poultry entails raising of carabaos, cattles, swine, chicken and other domestic animals.

8. Physical and cultural heritage

61. There is no physical and cultural heritage in the surrounding areas of the proposed improvement of Tokok – Churao – Chagchag Communal Irrigation System.

9. Public health

62. All barangays in the municipality are covered by a Barangay Health Station manned by 1 midwife and some Barangay Health Workers. The Municipal Health Unit has one medical doctor, one dentist, one nurse, sanitary inspector, a utility worker and a driver.

63. Barangay Saclit has a health center manned by a midwife stationed in the area. Leading causes of morbidity are wound, flu, fever and liquid bowel movements while leading causes of mortality are mostly pneumonia.

10. Traffic and transport characteristics

64. The transportation facilities that serve the municipality from Poblacion to the different barangays are public utility jeepney and motorcycles.

65. Barangay Saclit is about 4 kilometers from the national highway junction at Mamaga up to the road end. One has to hike 570 meters from the road end to reach the residential proper and the barangay hall. There are only two (2) registered vehicles regularly going to Bontoc. But there are no regular trips from Saclit going to Poblacion, the capital town of Sadanga.

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SCREENING

66. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to proposed Improvement of Tokok – Churao – Chagchag Communal Irrigation System given that all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing CIS and are located within existing irrigation canal (Appendix 3). There will only be localized temporary impacts during construction activities due to implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan. These construction related impacts can be mitigated by 1) the contractors’ work practices, especially those related to the systematized demolition procedure consistent with approved standard safety requirements; 2) cooperation by the local authorities with the contractor in terms of use of public space and utilities; 3) project management’s strict enforcement of the correct construction practices and standards; 4) the incorporation of the mitigation measures identified in the IEE into the bid documents and specifications; and 5) close monitoring of the contractor’s implementation of the required mitigation measures.

67. The potential environmental impacts resulting from implementation of civil works are expected to be minor and likely temporary since the improvement works will not involve alignment adjustments or used of any heavy equipment as shown in table below. Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impacts and presented in the environmental management plan.

68. During operation, the project is expected to benefit the environment and socio- economic conditions of the subproject areas through increase in agricultural productions particularly vegetable and rice, improved delivery of all year round irrigation water, encourage farmers to engage in intensive rice field farming and increase in different livelihood thus promoting the community’s economic development which eventually leads to the reduction and finally elimination of poverty in the community.

69. Environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures during subproject pre- construction, construction and operation phases are described under Chapter VIII. Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impacts and presented in the environmental management plan.

70. Under Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System, this subproject is classified under Category D which pertains to irrigation projects with coverage of ≤300 hectares. Thus, a Certificate of Non Coverage is secured by the LGU of Sadanga (Appendix 4).

Table 9: Summary of potential environmental impacts resulting from the implementation of civil works

Impact Potential Impact Brief Description of Does the Is it Positive or Is it Minor or Temporary or Impact Location and impact Negative? Significant Permanent Scale & Need for occur? Mitigation Pre-construction stage No Negative Minor Permanent Effects on households from loss of residential or agricultural/aquaculture land

Construction Stage

Impact Potential Impact Brief Description of Does the Is it Positive or Is it Minor or Temporary or Impact Location and impact Negative? Significant Permanent Scale & Need for occur? Mitigation Erosion or sedimentation Yes Positive Minor Temporary During construction during dredging, clearing or erosion control earthworks measures will be installed like some sediment capture devices.

Construction of diversion drains to direct clean runoff away from disturbed areas.

Undertake progressive revegetation of cleared areas

Undertake dredging in wet season where practical when sediment loads are already high

Clearing will only include grasses with an estimated volume of only 2 m3. Composting will be done under the Barangay Solid Waste Management and monitored by the Barangay Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Team. Composting will be done in a composting pit outside the community and it will not have any negative impact to the community or to the environment. Pollution of waterways, No Negative Minor Permanent aquatic environments or groundwater from waste, chemicals, or effluent. Changes to quality of water No Negative Minor Permanent due to changes in operation of salinity sluices of mobilization of ASS or contaminated sediments Clearing or resource No Negative Minor Permanent extraction from areas of sensitive vegetation Dust or exhaust emissions No Negative Minor Permanent from construction equipment Noise emissions from No Negative Minor Permanent construction equipment Increased flooding duration No Negative Minor Permanent or area Disruption to traffic or No Negative Minor Permanent property access Disruption to public No Negative Minor Permanent infrastructure such as

Impact Potential Impact Brief Description of Does the Is it Positive or Is it Minor or Temporary or Impact Location and impact Negative? Significant Permanent Scale & Need for occur? Mitigation telecommunication or electricity lines Employment or livelihoods Yes Positive Significant Temporary Prioritization of local benefits from employment of people for employment local people Social impacts from influx of Yes Positive Minor Temporary Select only qualified or construction workers skilled labor to reduce influx of migrants Effects on nearby heritage No Negative Minor Permanent items such as graves, pagodas etc. Risks to public or No Negative Minor Permanent construction worker health and safety Generation of spoil/dredge No Negative Minor Permanent material that can be reused Causes waste disposal No Negative Minor Permanent problems from solid waste generated during construction activity. Water quality, air quality or No Negative Minor Permanent land use impacts from spoil/dredge disposal sites Operation stage Inundation of sensitive No Negative Minor Permanent vegetation from filling and operation of reservoir / dam, including upstream or downstream inundation Overexploitation of surface No Negative Minor Permanent or groundwater resources including changes to availability of water for other users and/or conflicts in water use Changes to quality of water No Negative Minor Permanent due to changes in operation of salinity sluices of mobilization of ASS or contaminated sediments Extraction of water from No Negative Minor Permanent ecologically sensitive water bodies and/or water bodies located in protected areas Changes to living conditions No Negative Minor Permanent and public health from clean water supply Improved productivity from Yes Positive Significant Permanent Organize irrigation improved availability of association for irrigation water monitoring and maintenance of the CIS Changes in land use from No Negative Minor Permanent conversion to agricultural land use Leaching of nutrients from No Negative Minor Permanent soils or salinization of soils due to over-irrigation Erosion or scouring of No Negative Minor Permanent streams or canals or application of irrigation water on sloped lands

Impact Potential Impact Brief Description of Does the Is it Positive or Is it Minor or Temporary or Impact Location and impact Negative? Significant Permanent Scale & Need for occur? Mitigation Blockage of distribution No Negative Minor Permanent canals or pipelines causing flooding Risks from natural disasters Yes Positive Minor Temporary Periodic monitoring and maintenance of the CIS Deterioration of water quality No Negative Minor Permanent from increased application of fertilizers or pesticides or use of water treatment chemicals Risks to public health and No Negative Minor Permanent safety including those from poor quality domestic water Effects on employment or Yes Positive Significant Temporary Prioritization of local livelihoods people for employment Impacts on ethnic minorities Yes Positive Significant Temporary Provide local employment Solid or liquid waste No Negative Minor Permanent generation

V. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Implementation Arrangement

71. Institutions responsible for executing and monitoring the implementation of the EMP are presented in Table 10.

Table 10: Implementation Arrangements

Organization Roles and Responsibilities Subproject Preparation Subproject Implementation Subproject Operation LGU MPDO Approval of INREM subproject in Monitoring implementation of Monitoring implementation (Sadanga) accordance with government EMP through their own of EMP through their own legislative requirements internal monitoring system internal monitoring system

Prepare the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) DA-INREMP Provide advice to PPMO Provide advice to PPMO Provide advice to PPMO Safeguards Officer on IEE Safeguards Officer on EMP Safeguards Officer on preparation implementation during EMP implementation construction during first year of Assist in the preparation of the operation IEE and in the completion of Monitor progress during other support documents construction Monitor progress during first year of operation Consolidate PPMO environmental reporting ADB Review the social and Conduct site visits to environmental considerations of assess status of EMP the subproject; issues NOL as implementation and overall per DA-INREMP approved environmental performance guideline and ADB requirements of the Project; monitors

Organization Roles and Responsibilities Subproject Preparation Subproject Implementation Subproject Operation implementation of agreed Publicly disclose through corrective action plans posting on ADB’s website new or updated IEE (if any) prepared Review environmental by the executing agency during monitoring reports project implementation submitted by the executing agency to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are properly addressed and publicly disclose the monitoring report on ADB’s website

TA-PMIC Review IEE report and endorsed Review monitoring reports to ADB for clearance. NPCO Provide guidance and fund Assist to the monitoring allocation implementation of the EMP As per project document, the social safeguards specialist of NPCO under RI subprojects is tasked to assist and prepare semi-annual reports of the subproject. RPCO; PENRO; Provide advice and guidance on Monitoring implementation of Monitoring implementation CENRO environmental issues as required EMP through their own of EMP through their own during subproject preparation internal monitoring system internal monitoring system PPMO Ensure staff are adequately Responsibility for EMP Responsibility for EMP trained in environmental issues implementation during pre- implementation during first construction and construction year of operation

Ensure that contract Undertake inspections and specifications and bid monitoring of documents include environmental issues environmental requirements during first year of operation Undertake inspections and monitoring of environmental Assist project owners to issues during construction incorporate environmental requirements into Coordinate environmental infrastructure O&M monitoring reporting to NPCO procedures Contractor None Follow detailed designs and environmental requirements of various activities.

Recruit qualified environmental and safety officer to ensure compliance with environmental statutory requirements, contractual obligations and EMP provisions.

Provide sufficient funding and human resources for proper and timely implementation of required mitigation and monitoring measures in the EMP

Organization Roles and Responsibilities Subproject Preparation Subproject Implementation Subproject Operation Implement additional environmental mitigation measures, as necessary, to avoid, minimize and/or compensate for adverse impacts due to construction works and related activities performed by the contractor.

B. Environmental Mitigation Plan

72. Table 11 presents environmental mitigation measures to address anticipated adverse impacts of the Subproject. The EMP also shows responsibilities for implementation of mitigation measures and corresponding supervision and monitoring. The cost for implementation of mitigation measures are included in the contract cost during construction phase and in the LGU’s budget during operation phase.

Table 11: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Potential Impact Mitigation Measure Responsibility Pre-construction stage Effects on households from No impact to residential land since the LGU/PPMO loss of residential or project site is far from the community agricultural / aqua-cultural land For agricultural land, construction of diversion drains to direct clean runoff away from disturbed areas Construction Stage Erosion or sedimentation Construct diversion drains to direct clean Contractor; LGU/PPMO; during dredging, clearing or runoff away from disturbed areas DA-INREMP earthworks Minimize size and duration of cleared areas

Undertake progressive re-vegetation of cleared areas

Undertake dredging in wet season where practical when sediment loads are already high Pollution of waterways, aquatic Store chemicals in secure area, with Contractor; LGU/PPMO; environments or groundwater concrete floor and weatherproof roof DA-INREMP from waste, chemicals, or effluent Ensure construction equipment and vehicles are maintained in good condition

Clearing or resource extraction Minimize footprint of project and area of clearing Contractor; LGU/PPMO; from areas of sensitive DA-INREMP

vegetation Dust or exhaust emissions Minimize size and duration of cleared areas Contractor; LGU/PPMO; from construction equipment DA-INREMP Cover all trucks carrying materials to or from the site

Potential Impact Mitigation Measure Responsibility Ensure construction equipment and vehicles are maintained in good condition Noise emissions from Ensure construction equipment and vehicles Contractor; LGU/PPMO; construction equipment are maintained in good condition DA-INREMP

Provide workers with noise protection equipment Employment or livelihoods Majority of workers will be local people Contractor; LGU/PPMO; benefits from employment of DA-INREMP local people Social impacts from influx of Prohibit natural resource exploitation by Contractor; LGU/PPMO; construction workers construction workers DA-INREMP

Implement HIV/AIDS and Trafficking Awareness and Prevention Campaign Risks to public or construction Provide safety equipment to construction Contractor; LGU/PPMO; worker health and safety workers and train them in its use DA-INREMP

Secure construction site and restrict access by local community Generation of spoil/dredge Provide clean spoil to farmers for use in their LGU/PPMO/ material that can be reused fields Contractor Causes waste disposal Install sanitary toilets and washing facilities Contractors problems from solid waste at construction sites generated during construction activity Collect waste and store in secure temporary Contractor storage area before regular removal from site for disposal to landfill Water quality, dust or land use Provide clean spoil to farmers for use in their Contractor impacts from fields spoil/dredge disposal sites Operation Stage Overexploitation of surface or Consult with local authorities and water LGU/PPMO groundwater resources users to understand patterns of water use including changes to and ensure equitable distribution of availability of water for other resources users and/or conflicts in water use Develop regulations for irrigation and domestic water supply allocation

Limit off take to 5 m3/s Improved productivity from Ensure off-takes from irrigation systems are LGU/PPMO improved availability of suitable for surrounding farmers irrigation water Changes in land use from Ensure sub-project complies with province’s LGU/PPMO conversion to agricultural land irrigation master-planning for development use of new agricultural areas Blockage of pipes or canals Undertake regular program of inspection LGU/PPMO leading and maintenance of infrastructure Risks to public health and Implement education campaigns and LGU/PPMO safety including those from enforcement activities to avoid use of poor quality domestic water irrigation water for domestic purposes

Install warning signage in areas where high flow conditions present a risk to public safety

Ensure water storage areas minimize areas of slow moving water, and are covered or treated to avoid mosquito breeding and other hazards

Potential Impact Mitigation Measure Responsibility Leaching of nutrients from soils Coordinate with agricultural extension LGU/PPMO or 25alinization of soils due to services to ensure framers are trained in over- irrigation efficient irrigation practices Deterioration of water quality Coordinate with agricultural extension LGU/PPMO from increased application of services to ensure framers are trained in fertilisers or pesticides or use IPM practices of water treatment chemicals Risks from natural disasters Ensure sub-project design meets required LGU/PPMO engineering safety standards for floods, storms and other potential natural disasters Effects on employment and Encourage employment of local people in LGU/PPMO livelihoods maintenance works Solid or liquid waste Remove all solid and liquid waste off site for LGU/PPMO generation treatment in appropriate facilities

C. Environmental Monitoring Plan

73. Environmental effects monitoring is carried out to examine impacts of project in relation to ambient environmental conditions.

Table 12: Environmental Monitoring Plan

Mitigation Parameters Location Methods Frequency Responsibility Cost Measure Construction Stage Control of Sediment Water bodies Observation Weekly and Contractor water quality loads, oil or crossed by canals after large other rainfall visible events pollutants Operation Stage Surface water Color, Odor Observation Bi-weekly, Proponent quality and Turbidity whether it rained or not

D. Environmental Compliance Monitoring

74. Table 13 presents the environmental compliance monitoring that is carried out to test compliance with operating procedures, technical standards and/or contractor specifications in the EMP. Monitoring of the contractor’s environmental performance in terms of implementation of mitigation measures during construction phases shall be undertaken by the community at the barangay level, and ESS. The ESS shall be assisted by TA-PMIC in preparing semi- annual environmental monitoring reports. Such report will be submitted by the proponent to ADB and will be publicly disclosed on ADB’s website. The monitoring reports shall describe in detail the status of EMP implementation and compliance issues as well as corrective actions, if any.

Table 13: Environmental Compliance Monitoring Plan

Mitigation Parameters Location Methods Frequency Responsibility Cost Measure Construction Stage Erosion and Sign and Throughout Observation After heavy or Contractor sediment evidence of depth construction extreme rainfall controls of scouring and site events sedimentation Materials Security and Throughout Observation Weekly Contractor storage cleanliness construction site Construction Noise and Throughout Observation Random Contractor equipment and exhaust construction vehicles generation; site covering of trucks; oil/fuel leaks Vegetation Boundaries and Areas of Observation During clearing Contractor clearing size of vegetation sensitive works removal vegetation Observation Weekly Contractor Waste Site cleanliness Throughout disposal and condition; construction temporary waste site storage area Operation Stage Volume and Monthly Proponent Use of irrigation Households in Observation frequency of use water for vicinity of and domestic use irrigation canals consultation Observation Monthly Proponent Condition of Proper Water storage water storage maintenance areas Monthly Proponent Protection of Presence of In populated Observation public safety signage and areas and measures to avoid consultation accidents Observation Monthly Proponent Erosion or Installation of In unlined scouring of erosion control sections canals measures Prevention of Canal bank Representative Observation Monthly Proponent slumping or maintenance locations in sub- erosion of canal project banks Waste Site cleanliness; Throughout Observation Weekly Proponent management proper waste sub-project disposal (e.g. MRF) area

E. Monitoring and Reporting

75. The DA-INREMP and NPCO shall submit the following environmental reporting documentation to ADB:

Environmental Monitoring Reports: Semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by NPCO to ADB. The report, which will be prepared by ESS with assistance for TA-PMIC, will provide the following information:

1) Background/Context of the monitoring report (adequate information on the project, including physical implementation progress of project activities, scope of monitoring report, reporting period, and the monitoring requirements including frequency of submission as agreed upon); 26

2) Compliance with applicable government laws, regulations and requirements; 3) Changes in project scope and adjusted safeguard measures, if applicable; 4) Monitoring parameters/indicators and methods based on the monitoring plan/program in the EMP; 5) Monitoring results compared against the objectives of safeguards or desired outcomes documented (e.g. environmental impacts avoided or minimized, etc.); 6) If noncompliance or any major gaps identified, include a corrective action plan; 7) Records on disclosure of monitoring information to affected communities; 8) Summary of environmental mitigations and compensation measures implemented; 9) Identification of key issues, all grievances (project-related complaints) from reporting (filing) to resolution, or complaints from affected people, or recommendations for improvement; 10) Monitoring adjustment measures recommended based on monitoring experience/trends and stakeholders response; 11) Information about actual institutional arrangement for implementing the monitoring program/plan provided or adjusted, as may be required; 12) Proposed items of focus for the next report and due date.

Project Completion Report: One (1) year after completion of the construction, the NPCO through its ESS shall submit a Project Completion Report which will include the overall environmental performance of the Subproject.

VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE ACTIVITIES

A. Stakeholder Consultations

76. The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the subproject. Consultations to include neighboring beneficiary barangays were conducted in support for the improvement of the Tokok – Churao - Chagchag Communal Irrigation System.

77. Table 14 shows that description of activities conducted during public consultations. Outcomes of public consultation to date (Table 15) and future consultation activities (Table 16) are also presented in this report.

78. Other details of consultation activities are shown in Appendix 5 and 6.

79. During this consultation, the proponent and the DA-INREMP have made presentation of the subproject describing the objective of the consultations, project description, proposed civil works, and anticipated environmental impacts and their mitigation measures. The consultations went very well and effective and the discussions were documented. The results of the consultation were positive, with local people considering that the proposed irrigation improvement will bring significant economic benefits to the barangays agricultural production. Concerns on the subproject mainly revolved on its construction phase which can be mitigated. No long term negative environmental impact assessed by the participants.

80. As a result of the consultation meetings, the barangay council expressed their acceptance and support to the project by executing a resolution endorsing the Improvement of the Tokok – Churao - Chagchag Communal Irrigation System (Appendix 6). 27

81. The LGU of Sadanga expressly showed their interest in all the subprojects of INREMP starting from the pre-implementation phase up to implementation stage. This is manifested in their cooperation and participation during orientation, consultation, planning and training activities. A municipal resolution was issued endorsing DA-INREMP rural infrastructure improvement of irrigation system in Barangay Saclit, Sadanga (Appendix 7). Support from the LGU further heightened with the endorsement and approval of the watershed management council (Appendix 8 and 9).

Table 14: Description of activities conducted during public consultations

Consultation Method Details of Activities Correspondence and Date of correspondence April 20, 2018 and October 17, 2018 meetings with local authorities (LGUs and Barangay folks, Women’s Group, Youth, and other on-site Dates of meetings (if April 20, 2018 and October 17, 2018 stakeholders) requested) Minutes of meeting YES attached (Yes / No) Newspaper notification or Date(s) of notice None public/radio announcement Name of newspaper N/A Public meeting Date(s) held April 20, 2018 and October 17, 2018 Location(s) held Barangay Hall, Saclit, Sadanga, Mt. Prov. Invitees DENR,DA, Representative from Sadanga M.L.G.U & BLGU Methods of invitation Invitation paper and Verbal Invitation Agenda attached Yes Minutes of meeting YES (see attached appendix 3) attached (Yes / No) Number of attendees 121 during the Barangay orientation and 80 during the second community consultation

Table 15: Outcomes of public consultation to date

Description of Issue By Whom? Required Follow-up Actions? Raised Benefits from the CIS Community The following are the responses of the participants when rehabilitation expressed member asked what benefits they’re expecting to gain from the by on-site and off-site subproject: stakeholders  Decreased time in operation and maintenance  Promotion of diversified agriculture and farm- tourism industry  Efficient and durable irrigation facility that can last for a longer time  Opportunity to earn cash income from manual works during project implementation.  Continuous supply of water to the production area. Pre- construction phase Community  Bidding process should be fair and square to issues member avoid contractors who cannot fund the implementation of the project.  Subcontracting the project should be avoided not to sacrifice the quality of the project. Disturb farming season Community  Make sure that project implementation should when Project member not coincide with peak farming activities when construction coincide water from the irrigation system is used. If it

Description of Issue By Whom? Required Follow-up Actions? Raised with peak farming cannot be avoided, the contractor should have a activities readily pipes use to detour the water not to disturb water flow while the construction work is ongoing Concrete/ cement Community  PO, MLGU and BLGU would ensure that the improper handling member contractor will not mix cement near the farm lot or near water surface nearby. Contractor should be advised to have their own mixing board. Improper waste Community  PO member suggested that maintenance disposal of cement member activities should be regularly conducted. Canals bags on the area should also be cleaned regularly  Install signage for proper waste disposal Impact mitigation Community  Aside from the anticipated issues and its measures member corresponding mitigations/ responses mentioned on the previous table, the TA-PMIC also identified potential issues and mitigation measures that the subproject might face. These issues and measures are all captured on the social safeguard forms.

Table 16: Future public consultation activities

Activity Participants Expected Schedule Cost Estimate Outcomes Community General Notification to Throughout PhP 28,000.00 information by means community general community construction period of loudspeaker about construction announcements, activities and TV/radio schedule, announcements environmental and/or newspaper management notices measures, and how to use community complaints line Community General Responses to Throughout complaints line to be community concerns or construction period established by questions about DPIU/PPMU construction works Household Affected Agreement on off Detailed design work consultation with farmers take locations and farmers to identify off level of O&M takes and O&M contribution contributions during detailed design work

B. Information Disclosure

82. After study completion, the IEE documenting the mitigation measures and consultation process will be submitted to ADB for posting on their website, DENR-FMB, the Municipality of Sadanga, Mountain Province and the affected Barangay offices, the Provincial Environmental

and Natural Resource Officer, and DENR regional office, which will make them available to the public. More informal and vigorous level of disclosure and consultation will be done during implementation through setting up a formal grievance redress committee with a representation from the affected people. Field consultant in association with the Contractor will be responsible for managing the effective grievance redress program.

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

83. The Local Government Unit of Sadanga has properly conducted the consultations with the different stakeholders of the sub-project site. However, it still has to make room for possible issues, concerns, or grievances and disputes arising from the communities in relation to the project implementation. Thus, it sets up a Grievance Redress Mechanism to provide a venue for resolving grievances and disputes even at the lowest level. This will be done resolve disputes as early and as quickly as possible before it escalates to an unmanageable level.

84. Since, the community consultations were conducted smoothly and no adverse or violent reactions have been noted, there are only minor grievances that are anticipated which may arise due to the project implementation, which are listed below:

85. CIS related grievances – This may include complaints from communities using the CIS under repair or construction due to temporary obstruction, which may cause delay in travel time and other inconveniences of the travelling public.

86. Construction related grievances – Community members may demand to be hired as part of the labor force in the project construction/implementation. This may also include complaints of community members regarding noise, drainage, and etc.

87. Indigenous Peoples related grievances – may come from IPs residing within the influence areas concerned with potential effects to ecological and social resources of their area/abode.

88. If case grievances and disputes do arise, there are existing groups in the area which can be tapped to form part of the GRM. In fact, different active groups exist in the area such as the Barangay Development Council (BDC) with its Lupon which is mainly in-charge of settling disputes related to barangay administration.

89. The BDC then and the Punong Barangay will be the first people/group to be approached by the aggrieved party for any complaint. Both groups may then resolve the issues at their level. In case, either group cannot resolve the matters at their level, they shall make proper documentation of the case and submit the same to the Municipal Development Council (MDC). The MDC is composed of the different barangay chairman of the city, and they are mainly the policy-making body especially with regard to barangay affairs. Thus, the MDC will be the body to resolve the grievances endorsed to them by the BDC. In case, the MDC is not able to resolve the disputes, it will then be endorsed to the Sangguniang Pambayan, which shall the body to finally resolve the disputes.

90. The grievance redress committee (GRC) will be chaired by the PPCO head. Members will include the following: (i) designated GRM officer of PPCO, (ii) contractor’s highest official at the site such as the Construction Manager or the Construction Superintendent; and (iii) barangay chairperson. For the quick filing of complaints, the GRC will use the attached grievance intake form (Appendix 10). The PPCO's GRM officer will be responsible for registration of grievances and communication with the aggrieved party.

91. The steps to be followed in filing complaints and the procedures for redress are the following:

 complainant will provide the background and file the complaint verbally or in writing to the PPCO, and the PPCO's GRM officer will assist the complainant in filling-up the grievance intake form;  within 2 working days, the GRM Officer, contractor’s representative, and complainant will discuss if the complaint can be resolved without calling for a GRC meeting;  within 3 days of lodging the complaint, the PPCO's GRM officer will provide the complainant a written feedback on the process, steps and timeframe for resolving the complaint.  if the complaint cannot be resolved, a GRC meeting with the complainant will be called within 5 working days;  the GRC will have 15 working days to resolve the complaint;  the complainant will receive feedback from the PPCO's GRM officer within 5 working days after the various steps of the GRM are completed; and  if unsatisfied with the decision, the existence of the GRC will not impede the complainant's access to the Government's judicial, administrative remedies or through concerned government agencies (e.g., Community Environment and Natural Resources Office and Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office of DENR, Regional offices of the Environmental Management Bureau, etc.)

92. The GRC will receive, follow-up and prepare monthly reports regarding all complaints, disputes or questions received about the Project and corresponding actions taken to resolve the issues. These reports will be included in the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports to be submitted to ADB.

Grievance among IPs 93. Giving primacy to the traditional conflict resolution system, grievances will be handled following the procedure outlined below. In resolving disputes among the indigenous peoples, the determination or decision is usually reached through dialogue and consensus. There may be several conflict resolution sessions according to the specific tribe’s customary laws before the dispute may be resolve. Thus, there is no clear definite timeline on when the conflict or dispute should be settled at the level of the clan and the Council of Elders.

 Dispute/grievance will be resolved first among the members of the clan;  If the said grievance/dispute is not resolved at the clan level, this will be brought to the level of the Council of Elders (COE); and  If still unresolved at the COE level, the said dispute/grievance will be submitted to the NCIP Regional Hearing Officer (RHO), for resolution, where the decision will be final and executory. The dispute/ grievance will be heard and adjudicated in accordance with the Rules on Pleadings, Practice and Procedures before the NCIP.

VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

94. The Improvement of Tokok – Churao - Chagchag Communal Irrigation System subproject is being implemented by LGU Sadanga in the province of Mountain Province.

95. An environmental assessment of the project has been carried and the main potential environmental impacts of the subproject during construction are:

 During construction the possibilities of soil erosion due excavation works, scouring and siltation along irrigation canal;  The possibilities of soil and water contamination downstream of the working area due to usage of cements; and  It may affect aquatic productivity such faunal diversion and population.

96. The main potential environmental impacts of the subproject during operation are: (i) soil erosion, scouring and siltation along the irrigation canal line can be avoided due to application of concrete canal lining; (ii) volume of water for irrigation increases; and (iii) rice production increases.

97. A range of mitigation and monitoring measures has been developed for the subproject, which includes the following activities: (i) the use mixing board to avoid scattering of cement, (ii) cement bags must be put in one place for disposal, and (iii) minimize excavation to avoid erosion.

98. Based on the findings of the environmental assessment it is concluded that the subproject will have minor environmental impacts during construction and operation. These impacts will be adequately managed by implementing the mitigation measures indicated in the EMP and continuous monitoring.

APPENDICES

Appendix 1: A Certificate of Land Ownership Award

Appendix 2: DENR Certification

Appendix 3: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) of the Proposed Subproject

Appendix 4: A Copy of the Certificate of Non – Coverage of the Subproject

Appendix 5: Details of consultation activities on April 20, 2018

Appendix 6: Second community consultation on October 17, 2018

Appendix 7: Barangay Resolution Accepting and Endorsing the INREM Project

Appendix 8: SB Resolution Accepting and Endorsing the INREM Project

Appendix 9: WMC endorsing the Improvement of Tokok – Churao – Chagchag CIS

Appendix 10: Grievance Intake Form Name of Project, Subproject and Location

Project (indicate name of project) welcomes complaints, suggestions, comments and queries regarding the project implementation and its stakeholders. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback.

Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing "(CONFIDENTIAL)" above your name.

Thank you.

Contact Information

Name Gender □ Male

□ Female Home Address Age

Phone No. City/Province Email

Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details (who, what, where and how) of your grievance below:

How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?

Portion to be filled in by PPCO staff (designated Grievance Redress Mechanism Officer):

Date received: Received In person mail email fax through: phone sms

Name of staff who received comment/ complaint Position of staff:

Type of Grievance:

Remarks

Signature of staff

Updates on the case:

e: Update Updated by (Name, Signature and