DOCSLIB.ORG

Trematoda: Plagiorchiida: Opisthorchioidea): an Unexpected Systematic Position

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Trematoda: Plagiorchiida: Opisthorchioidea): an Unexpected Systematic Position applyparastyle “fig//caption/p[1]” parastyle “FigCapt” Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2020, XX, 1–19. With 5 figures. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/advance-article/doi/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa093/5902681 by Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia user on 14 September 2020 An opisthorchiid concept of the genus Liliatrema (Trematoda: Plagiorchiida: Opisthorchioidea): an unexpected systematic position SERGEY SOKOLOV1, EVGENIY FROLOV2, SEMEN NOVOKRESHCHENNYKH2 and DMITRY ATOPKIN3* 1A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, Russia 2Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Sakhalin branch (SakhNIRO), Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia 3Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the RAS, Vladivostok, Russia Received 3 May 2020; revised 19 June 2020; accepted for publication 15 July 2020 Liliatrema is a small genus of trematodes consisting of two species. Its systematic position has long been debated, partly because of the confusing reports about the structure of male terminal genitalia. Here we test the phylogenetic position of the genus Liliatrema using data on complete 18S rRNA and partial 28S rRNA gene sequences obtained for Liliatrema skrjabini. We also provide a detailed description of terminal genitalia in adult specimens of L. sobolevi and metacercariae of both Liliatrema species. The results of the 28S rDNA-based phylogenetic analysis indicate that Liliatrema falls within a well-supported clade, which also includes Apophallus and traditional opisthorchiids. This clade, in turn, is nested within a well-supported clade, containing Euryhelmis, Cryptocotyle and Scaphanocephalus. In the 18S+8S rDNA analysis, Liliatrema appears as a sister-taxon to the Cryptocotyle + Euryhelmis group. The Liliatrema + (Cryptocotyle + Euryhelmis) clade is a well-supported sister-group to the traditional opisthorchiids. The morphology of the terminal genitalia of the liliatrematids also corresponds to that of the opisthorchioids. Thus, the results of our morphological and phylogenetic analyses favour an unexpected conclusion that the genus Liliatrema belongs to the Opisthorchioidea. We propose that the genera Liliatrema, Apophallus, Euryhelmis, Cryptocotyle and Scaphanocephalus belong, respectively, within the subfamilies Liliatrematinae, Apophallinae, Euryhelminthinae and Cryptocotylinae of the family Opisthorchiidae. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: 18S – 28S – Apophallinae – Cryptocotylinae – Euryhelminthinae – Lepocreadioidea – Liliatrematidae – Opisthorchiidae. INTRODUCTION 1953; Zhukov, 1960; Leonov et al., 1965; Machida, 1966; Belogurov et al., 1968; Ohbayshi & Araki, 1974; Liliatrema Gubanov, 1953 is a small genus of Wakabayashi, 1997; Frolov, 2010). Yamaguti (1958) has trematodes, comprising two described species: suggested that Liliatrema could be subdivided into two Liliatrema skrjabini Gubanov, 1953 (type species) and subgenera, Liliatrema Gubanov, 1953 (L. skrjabini) Liliatrema sobolevi Gubanov, 1953. The species of this аnd Liliatrematoides Yamaguti, 1958 (L. sobolevi), but genus implement their life cycle using marine fish other authors disagreed with this point of view (see: as second intermediate hosts and piscivorous birds Mehra, 1963; Skrjabin & Koval, 1966; Kostadinova as final hosts (Gubanov, 1953; Ohbayashi & Konno, & Gibson, 2005). The most striking morphological 1966; Belogurov et al., 1968; Ohbayshi & Araki, 1974; feature of this genus is a funnel-shaped oral sucker Skorobrekhova, 2009). Their first intermediate hosts with a penta- or heptagonal distal (outer) end and a are unknown. These parasites are distributed in coastal dorsal edge that is covered with a hood-like tegumental water areas of the north-western Pacific (Gubanov, fold (Gubanov, 1953; Araki & Machida, 1990). The data on the structure of terminal genitalia in *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Liliatrema spp. were provided in five publications © 2020 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2020, XX, 1–19 1 2 S. SOKOLOV ET AL. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/advance-article/doi/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa093/5902681 by Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia user on 14 September 2020 (Gubanov, 1953; Machida, 1966; Ohbayashi & Konno, extracted from the bodies using needles and a thick 1966; Araki & Machida, 1990; Kostadinova & Gibson, sagittal section of the body made with a sharp scalpel. 2005). In four of them, the presence of a well-developed All measurements were made in micrometres. cirrus-sac and an external seminal vesicle was reported Two specimens of each species were prepared for (Gubanov, 1953; Machida, 1966; Ohbayashi & Konno, SEM study by dehydration through a graded ethanol 1966; Kostadinova & Gibson, 2005). An accurate series and acetone followed by critical point drying. description of the proximal part of male terminal After coating with gold, they were examined with a genitalia in metacercaria of L. sobolevi was provided Tescan Vega TS5130MM microscope (s.r.o. TESCAN, by Araki & Machida (1990). These authors did not Czech Republic). Metacercariae of L. skrjabini for the find a cirrus-sac but found a bipartite seminal vesicle, molecular analysis were fixed in 96% ethanol and which lay free in the parenchyma. Unfortunately, the stored at –18 °C. morphological data of Araki & Machida (1990) were In addition, we studied an adult voucher specimen of not taken into account by the other authors. L. sobolevi (# 1274) ex Phalacrocorax pelagicus Pallas, The systematic position of the Liliatrema has been 1811, from the Penzhinsky District (Kamchatka Krai, repeatedly discussed, ecological and/or morphological Russia) deposited in the Museum of Helminthological evidence being used for taxonomical conclusions. Collections, A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and This genus was originally placed in the subfamily Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Liliatrematinae Gubanov, 1953 of the family Russia (IPEE RAS). Allocreadiidae (see: Gubanov, 1953). Yamaguti (1958) moved Liliatrematinae to the family Cathaemasiidae. Mehra (1963), elevated the Liliatrematinae to DNA EXTRACTION, AMPLIFICATION AND SEQUENCING family status and included Liliatrematidae in the Total DNA was extracted from two metacercariae of Echinostomoidea. Skrjabin & Koval (1966), who were L. skrjabini using a ‘hot shot’ technique (Truett, 2006). unaware of Mehra’s work, also elevated Liliatrematinae Nuclear 18S rDNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA and 28S rDNA to family status but placed it in Allocreadioidea. fragments were successfully amplified using polymerase Kostadinova & Gibson (2005) disagreed with all the chain reaction. Then 18S rDNA was amplified with the previous opinions on the systematic position of the following primers: Worm-A (5’ GCG AAT GGC TCA TTA liliatrematids and included these trematodes in the AAT CAG 3’) and 18S-F (5’ CCA GCT TGA TCC TTC TGC superfamily Lepocreadioidea. Bray et al. (2009) and AGG TTC ACC TAC 3’), described earlier (Littlewood Bray & Cribb (2012), revising the Lepocreadioidea, & Olson, 2001). Initial PCR reaction was performed in maintained liliatrematids in this superfamily. a total volume of 20 µL containing 0.25 mmol/L of each In this paper, we analyse the complete 18S rRNA and primer pair, 25 ng of total DNA in water, 5× Taq buffer, partial 28S rRNA gene sequences of metacercariae of 1.25 mmol/L dNTPs, 1.5 mmol/L magnesium and 1 unit L. skrjabini from coastal fish caught off Sakhalin Island. of Taq polymerase. Amplification of a 2000-bp fragment In addition, we provide new data on the morphology of of 18S rRNA gene was performed in a GeneAmp 9700, male terminal genitalia in both species of Liliatrema. Applied Biosystems, with a 5-min denaturation at 96 °C, Our data provide an unexpected solution to the problem 35 cycles of 1 min at 96 °C, 20 s at 58 °C and 5 min at of the familial and superfamilial affiliation of this genus. 72 °C and a 10-min extension at 72 °C. Negative and positive controls were made with the use of both primers. The ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 fragment was MATERIAL AND METHODS amplified with the primers ITSF (5’-CGC CCG TCG CTA CTA CCG ATT G-3′) (Andres et al., 2014) SAMPLE COLLECTION and S4R (5’-TAT GCT TAA ATT CAG CGG GT-3′) Encysted metacercariae of L. skrjabini and L. sobolevi (Besprozvannykh et al., 2019), with an annealing were collected from the musculature of Pholidapus temperature of 54 °C. dybowskii (Steindachner, 1880) (Actinopterygii: 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was amplified with the Stichaeidae) and Hexagrammos octogrammus (Pallas, primers DIG12 (5’-AAG CAT ATC ACT AAG CGG-3′) 1814) (Actinopterygii: Hexagrammidae), respectively. and 1500R (5’-GCT ATC CTG AGG GAA ACT TCG-3′) The fish were caught at a depth of 3–5 m in the (Tkach et al., 2003), with an annealing temperature of coastal area of the southern part of Sakhalin Island 55 °C. PCR products were directly sequenced using an (46°58’35”N; 143°04’52”E). ABI Big Dye Terminator v.3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit Metacercariae collected for morphological study were (Applied Biosystems, USA), as recommended by the taken from the cysts and fixed in hot 70% ethanol, manufacturer, with the internal sequencing primers stained with acetocarmine and mounted in Canadian described by Tkach et al. (2003) for 28S rDNA. PCR balsam. For a detailed morphological study of L. sobolevi, product sequences were analysed using an ABI 3130 we prepared two slides of isolated reproductive organs genetic analyser at the Federal Scientific Center of the ©
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Global Assessment of Parasite Diversity in Galaxiid Fishes
    diversity Article A Global Assessment of Parasite Diversity in Galaxiid Fishes Rachel A. Paterson 1,*, Gustavo P. Viozzi 2, Carlos A. Rauque 2, Verónica R. Flores 2 and Robert Poulin 3 1 The Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685, Torgarden, 7485 Trondheim, Norway 2 Laboratorio de Parasitología, INIBIOMA, CONICET—Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina; [email protected] (G.P.V.); [email protected] (C.A.R.); veronicaroxanafl[email protected] (V.R.F.) 3 Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +47-481-37-867 Abstract: Free-living species often receive greater conservation attention than the parasites they support, with parasite conservation often being hindered by a lack of parasite biodiversity knowl- edge. This study aimed to determine the current state of knowledge regarding parasites of the Southern Hemisphere freshwater fish family Galaxiidae, in order to identify knowledge gaps to focus future research attention. Specifically, we assessed how galaxiid–parasite knowledge differs among geographic regions in relation to research effort (i.e., number of studies or fish individuals examined, extent of tissue examination, taxonomic resolution), in addition to ecological traits known to influ- ence parasite richness. To date, ~50% of galaxiid species have been examined for parasites, though the majority of studies have focused on single parasite taxa rather than assessing the full diversity of macro- and microparasites. The highest number of parasites were observed from Argentinean galaxiids, and studies in all geographic regions were biased towards the highly abundant and most widely distributed galaxiid species, Galaxias maculatus.
    [Show full text]
  • Luth Wfu 0248D 10922.Pdf
    SCALE-DEPENDENT VARIATION IN MOLECULAR AND ECOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF INFECTION FOR ENDOHELMINTHS FROM CENTRARCHID FISHES BY KYLE E. LUTH A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY GRADAUTE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Biology May 2016 Winston-Salem, North Carolina Approved By: Gerald W. Esch, Ph.D., Advisor Michael V. K. Sukhdeo, Ph.D., Chair T. Michael Anderson, Ph.D. Herman E. Eure, Ph.D. Erik C. Johnson, Ph.D. Clifford W. Zeyl, Ph.D. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my PI, Dr. Gerald Esch, for all of the insight, all of the discussions, all of the critiques (not criticisms) of my works, and for the rides to campus when the North Carolina weather decided to drop rain on my stubborn head. The numerous lively debates, exchanges of ideas, voicing of opinions (whether solicited or not), and unerring support, even in the face of my somewhat atypical balance of service work and dissertation work, will not soon be forgotten. I would also like to acknowledge and thank the former Master, and now Doctor, Michael Zimmermann; friend, lab mate, and collecting trip shotgun rider extraordinaire. Although his need of SPF 100 sunscreen often put our collecting trips over budget, I could not have asked for a more enjoyable, easy-going, and hard-working person to spend nearly 2 months and 25,000 miles of fishing filled days and raccoon, gnat, and entrail-filled nights. You are a welcome camping guest any time, especially if you do as good of a job attracting scorpions and ants to yourself (and away from me) as you did on our trips.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Curriculum Vitae Stephen S. Curran, Ph.D. Department of Coastal
    Curriculum vitae Stephen S. Curran, Ph.D. Department of Coastal Sciences The University of Southern Mississippi Gulf Coast Research Laboratory 703 East Beach Drive Phone: (228) 238-0208 Ocean Springs, MS 39564 Email: [email protected] Research and Teaching Interests: I am an organismal biologist interested in the biodiversity of metazoan parasitic animals. I study their taxonomy using traditional microscopic and histological techniques and their genetic interrelationships and systematics using ribosomal DNA sequences. I also investigate the effects of extrinsic factors on aquatic environments by using parasite prevalence and abundance as a proxy for total biodiversity in aquatic communities and for assessing food web dynamics. I am also interested in the epidemiology of viral diseases of crustaceans. University Teaching Experience: •Instructor for Parasites of Marine Animals Summer class, University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (2011-present). •Co-Instructor (with Richard Heard) for Marine Invertebrate Zoology, University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (2007). •Intern Mentor, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory. I’ve instructed 16 interns during (2003, 2007- present). •Graduate Teaching Assistant for Animal Parasitology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut (Spring 1995). •Graduate Teaching Assistant for Introductory Biology for Majors, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut (Fall 1994). Positions: •Assistant Research
    [Show full text]
  • Review and Meta-Analysis of the Environmental Biology and Potential Invasiveness of a Poorly-Studied Cyprinid, the Ide Leuciscus Idus
    REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE & AQUACULTURE https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2020.1822280 REVIEW Review and Meta-Analysis of the Environmental Biology and Potential Invasiveness of a Poorly-Studied Cyprinid, the Ide Leuciscus idus Mehis Rohtlaa,b, Lorenzo Vilizzic, Vladimır Kovacd, David Almeidae, Bernice Brewsterf, J. Robert Brittong, Łukasz Głowackic, Michael J. Godardh,i, Ruth Kirkf, Sarah Nienhuisj, Karin H. Olssonh,k, Jan Simonsenl, Michał E. Skora m, Saulius Stakenas_ n, Ali Serhan Tarkanc,o, Nildeniz Topo, Hugo Verreyckenp, Grzegorz ZieRbac, and Gordon H. Coppc,h,q aEstonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; bInstitute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Storebø, Norway; cDepartment of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łod z, Poland; dDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; eDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, USP-CEU University, Madrid, Spain; fMolecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK; gDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Dorset, UK; hCentre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, Suffolk, UK; iAECOM, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada; jOntario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada; kDepartment of Zoology, Tel Aviv University and Inter-University Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Tel Aviv,
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Temperature on the Infectivity of Metacercariae of Zygocotyle Lunata (Digenea: Paramphistomidae)
    J. Parasitol., 87(1), 2001, p. 10±13 q American Society of Parasitologists 2001 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE INFECTIVITY OF METACERCARIAE OF ZYGOCOTYLE LUNATA (DIGENEA: PARAMPHISTOMIDAE) David L. Ferrell*, Nicholas J. Negovetich, and Eric J. Wetzel² Department of Biology, Wabash College, P.O. Box 352, Crawfordsville, Indiana 47933 ABSTRACT: As a test of the energy limitation hypothesis (ELH), we predicted that temperature would have a signi®cant in¯uence on the infectivity of metacercariae of the digenetic trematode Zygocotyle lunata. Snails infected with Z. lunata were collected from ponds near Crawfordsville, Indiana, isolated at room temperature, and examined for the release of cercariae. Newly encysted metacercariae were collected and incubated 1±30 days at 1 of 5 temperatures (0, 3, 25, 31, 37 C). Twenty-®ve cysts were fed to each of 5 or 10 mice per treatment group (temperature). At 17 days postinfection, mice were killed and worms were recovered; data were collected on levels of infection in each group and the total body area of each worm. No worms were found in mice fed cysts that had been held at0Cor37C(after 30 days). There were no differences in prevalence, infectivity, or mean intensity among the 3, 25, and 31 C treatments. Infectivity of metacercariae incubated at 37 C for 1 day was signi®cantly greater than in all other treatments, while infectivity of metacercariae in the 37 C/15-day treatment was signi®cantly lower than in all others. Mean body area of worms at 37 C/15 days was signi®cantly greater than at other temperatures, suggesting density-dependent increases in growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Parasites of Coral Reef Fish: How Much Do We Know? with a Bibliography of Fish Parasites in New Caledonia
    Belg. J. Zool., 140 (Suppl.): 155-190 July 2010 Parasites of coral reef fish: how much do we know? With a bibliography of fish parasites in New Caledonia Jean-Lou Justine (1) UMR 7138 Systématique, Adaptation, Évolution, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57, rue Cuvier, F-75321 Paris Cedex 05, France (2) Aquarium des lagons, B.P. 8185, 98807 Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie Corresponding author: Jean-Lou Justine; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. A compilation of 107 references dealing with fish parasites in New Caledonia permitted the production of a parasite-host list and a host-parasite list. The lists include Turbellaria, Monopisthocotylea, Polyopisthocotylea, Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, Copepoda, Isopoda, Acanthocephala and Hirudinea, with 580 host-parasite combinations, corresponding with more than 370 species of parasites. Protozoa are not included. Platyhelminthes are the major group, with 239 species, including 98 monopisthocotylean monogeneans and 105 digeneans. Copepods include 61 records, and nematodes include 41 records. The list of fish recorded with parasites includes 195 species, in which most (ca. 170 species) are coral reef associated, the rest being a few deep-sea, pelagic or freshwater fishes. The serranids, lethrinids and lutjanids are the most commonly represented fish families. Although a list of published records does not provide a reliable estimate of biodiversity because of the important bias in publications being mainly in the domain of interest of the authors, it provides a basis to compare parasite biodiversity with other localities, and especially with other coral reefs. The present list is probably the most complete published account of parasite biodiversity of coral reef fishes.
    [Show full text]
  • Parasite Infection of the Non-Indigenous Round Goby (Neogobius Melanostomus) in the Baltic Sea
    Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 04, 2021 Parasite infection of the non-indigenous round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in the Baltic Sea Ojaveer, Henn; Turovski, Aleksei; Nõomaa, Kristiina Published in: Aquatic Invasions Publication date: 2020 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Ojaveer, H., Turovski, A., & Nõomaa, K. (2020). Parasite infection of the non-indigenous round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in the Baltic Sea. Aquatic Invasions, 15(1), 160-176. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Aquatic Invasions (2020) Volume 15 Article in press Special Issue: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Marine Bioinvasions Guest editors: Amy Fowler, April Blakeslee, Carolyn Tepolt, Alejandro Bortolus, Evangelina Schwindt and Joana Dias CORRECTED PROOF Research Article Parasite infection of the non-indigenous round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in the Baltic Sea Henn Ojaveer1,2,*, Aleksei Turovski3 and Kristiina Nõomaa4 1University of Tartu, Ringi 35, 80012 Pärnu, Estonia 2National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 201, 2800 Kgs.
    [Show full text]
  • Periwinkles Littorina Littorea Sampled Close to Charr Farms in Northern Norway
    DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Vol. 12: 59-65, 1991 Published December 5 Dis. aquat. Org. l Occurrence of the digenean Cryptocotyle lingua in farmed Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus and periwinkles Littorina littorea sampled close to charr farms in northern Norway Roar Kristoffersen Department of Aquatic Biology, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Trornso, Dramsveien 201B, N-9000 Tromso, Norway ABSTRACT: Occurrence of Cryptocotyle lingua rediae was recorded in periwinkle samples collected adjacent to 10 charr farms and at control sites 1 to 5 km from the farms. In 7 out of 10 localities the prevalence of infection was higher in the sample taken adjacent to the farm than in the control, and overall prevalence was 13.7 O/O in periwinkles near the farms and 6.1 % in snails from the control sites, a highly significant difference. Prevalences in periwinkles close to farms tended to increase with duration of farming at the site. The role of the final host, piscivorous birds, is considered Samples of charr from 11 farms were investigated for visible black spots caused by encysted C. llngua metacercariae. No infected charr were recorded in the 2 land-based farms where seawater exposed to UV-light (photozone) was pumped to the tanks, whilst 83.2 '10 of the fish exhibited black spots in the 9 farms where the charr were stocked in floating net cages in the sea. In most infected fish the C. ljngua cysts were located only on the fins in relatively small numbers. INTRODUCTION transmission from such focal points to wild host popula- tions and vice versa.
    [Show full text]
  • The Trematode Parasites of Marine Mammals
    THE TREMATODE PARASITES OF MARINE MAMMALS By Emmett W. Pkice Parasitologist, Zoological Division, Bureau of Animal Industry United States Department of Agriculture The internal parasites of marine mammals have not been exten- sively studied, although a fairly large number of species have been described. In attempting to identify the trematodes from mammals of the orders Cetacea, Pinnipedia, and Sirenia, as represented by specimens in the United States National Museum helminthological collection, it was necessary to review the greater part of the litera- ture dealing with this group of parasitic worms. In view of the fact that there is not in existence a single comprehensive paper on the trematodes of these mammals, and that many of the descrip- tions of species have appeared in publications having more or less limited circulation, the writer has undertaken to assemble descriptions of all trematodes reported from these hosts, with the hope that such a paper may serve a useful purpose in aiding other workers in de- termining specimens at their disposal. In addition to compiling the descriptions of species not available to the writer, two new species, one of which represents a new genus, have been described. Specimens representing 10 of the previously described species have been studied and emendations or additions have been made to the existing descriptions; in a few instances the species have been completely reclescribed. Three species, Distoinwni pallassil Poirier, D. vaUdwim von Lin- stow, and D. am/pidlacewni Buttel-Reepen, have been omitted from this paper despite the fact that they have been reported from ceta- ceans. These species belong in the family Hemiuridae, and since all species of this family are parasites of fishes, the writer feels that their reported occurrence in mammals may be regarded as either errors of some sort or cases of accidental parasitism in which fishes have been eaten by mammals and the fish parasites found in the mammal post-mortem.
    [Show full text]
  • Somatic Musculature in Trematode Hermaphroditic Generation Darya Y
    Krupenko and Dobrovolskij BMC Evolutionary Biology (2015) 15:189 DOI 10.1186/s12862-015-0468-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Somatic musculature in trematode hermaphroditic generation Darya Y. Krupenko1* and Andrej A. Dobrovolskij1,2 Abstract Background: The somatic musculature in trematode hermaphroditic generation (cercariae, metacercariae and adult) is presumed to comprise uniform layers of circular, longitudinal and diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall, and internal dorsoventral muscle fibers. Meanwhile, specific data are few, and there has been no analysis taking the trunk axial differentiation and regionalization into account. Yet presence of the ventral sucker (= acetabulum) morphologically divides the digenean trunk into two regions: preacetabular and postacetabular. The functional differentiation of these two regions is already evident in the nervous system organization, and the goal of our research was to investigate the somatic musculature from the same point of view. Results: Somatic musculature of ten trematode species was studied with use of fluorescent-labelled phalloidin and confocal microscopy. The body wall of examined species included three main muscle layers (of circular, longitudinal and diagonal fibers), and most of the species had them distinctly better developed in the preacetabuler region. In majority of the species several (up to seven) additional groups of muscle fibers were found within the body wall. Among them the anterioradial, posterioradial, anteriolateral muscle fibers, and U-shaped muscle sets were most abundant. These groups were located on the ventral surface, and associated with the ventral sucker. The additional internal musculature was quite diverse as well, and included up to twelve separate groups of muscle fibers or bundles in one species.
    [Show full text]
  • Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola) of the Australian Region
    ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following reference: Winsor, Leigh (2003) Studies on the systematics and biogeography of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola) of the Australian region. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/24134/ The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owner of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please contact [email protected] and quote http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/24134/ Studies on the Systematics and Biogeography of Terrestrial Flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola) of the Australian Region. Thesis submitted by LEIGH WINSOR MSc JCU, Dip.MLT, FAIMS, MSIA in March 2003 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Discipline of Zoology and Tropical Ecology within the School of Tropical Biology at James Cook University Frontispiece Platydemus manokwari Beauchamp, 1962 (Rhynchodemidae: Rhynchodeminae), 40 mm long, urban habitat, Townsville, north Queensland dry tropics, Australia. A molluscivorous species originally from Papua New Guinea which has been introduced to several countries in the Pacific region. Common. (photo L. Winsor). Bipalium kewense Moseley,1878 (Bipaliidae), 140mm long, Lissner Park, Charters Towers, north Queensland dry tropics, Australia. A cosmopolitan vermivorous species originally from Vietnam. Common. (photo L. Winsor). Fletchamia quinquelineata (Fletcher & Hamilton, 1888) (Geoplanidae: Caenoplaninae), 60 mm long, dry Ironbark forest, Maryborough, Victoria. Common. (photo L. Winsor). Tasmanoplana tasmaniana (Darwin, 1844) (Geoplanidae: Caenoplaninae), 35 mm long, tall open sclerophyll forest, Kamona, north eastern Tasmania, Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Worms, Germs, and Other Symbionts from the Northern Gulf of Mexico CRCDU7M COPY Sea Grant Depositor
    h ' '' f MASGC-B-78-001 c. 3 A MARINE MALADIES? Worms, Germs, and Other Symbionts From the Northern Gulf of Mexico CRCDU7M COPY Sea Grant Depositor NATIONAL SEA GRANT DEPOSITORY \ PELL LIBRARY BUILDING URI NA8RAGANSETT BAY CAMPUS % NARRAGANSETT. Rl 02882 Robin M. Overstreet r ii MISSISSIPPI—ALABAMA SEA GRANT CONSORTIUM MASGP—78—021 MARINE MALADIES? Worms, Germs, and Other Symbionts From the Northern Gulf of Mexico by Robin M. Overstreet Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564 This study was conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, Office of Sea Grant, under Grant No. 04-7-158-44017 and National Marine Fisheries Service, under PL 88-309, Project No. 2-262-R. TheMississippi-AlabamaSea Grant Consortium furnish ed all of the publication costs. The U.S. Government is authorized to produceand distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation that may appear hereon. Copyright© 1978by Mississippi-Alabama Sea Gram Consortium and R.M. Overstrect All rights reserved. No pari of this book may be reproduced in any manner without permission from the author. Primed by Blossman Printing, Inc.. Ocean Springs, Mississippi CONTENTS PREFACE 1 INTRODUCTION TO SYMBIOSIS 2 INVERTEBRATES AS HOSTS 5 THE AMERICAN OYSTER 5 Public Health Aspects 6 Dcrmo 7 Other Symbionts and Diseases 8 Shell-Burrowing Symbionts II Fouling Organisms and Predators 13 THE BLUE CRAB 15 Protozoans and Microbes 15 Mclazoans and their I lypeiparasites 18 Misiellaneous Microbes and Protozoans 25 PENAEID
    [Show full text]