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PAPER • OPEN ACCESS Distribution and density of Bali Cattle in South Province

To cite this article: I M Saleh et al 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 492 012155

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This content was downloaded from IP address 125.162.214.43 on 21/09/2020 at 04:37 The 2nd International Conference of Animal Science and Technology IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 492 (2020) 012155 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/492/1/012155

Distribution and density of Bali Cattle in Province

I M Saleh, S Nurlaelah, A Asnawi and M Aminawar Department of Social Economy, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Hasanuddin, .

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. The purpose of research was making a map of zoning tem tamper with the distribution and density of the population of Bali cattle in the province of South Sulawesi. This research was conducted in the district; Barru, Bone and Enrekang where the district was the center of the development of pure Bali cattle breeds. Method of sampling was the multi stage sampling method. Data were analyzed descriptively which included analysis of the distribution and density by using ArchGIS. The distribution and density of Bali cattle followed the spread and density of population following the spread of humans who inhabit a region.

1. Introduction Central Statistics Agency [1] that the results of PSPK marketing, beef cattle population reached 14,8 million head. South Sulawesi is the third populous of beef cattle in with total population 983 985 head (984 thousand head) or 6.65 percent of the total population of beef cattle in Indonesia, after East Java as many as 4.7 million head (31.93 percent) and Middle Java as many as 1.9 million head (13.09 percent). Building program improvement for beef cattle / meat requires a study of the density and spread of the population of Bali cattle that in South Sulawesi. Documentation characteristics of the system of livestock production together with the achievements of productivity in each region is very helpful in determining the strategy of development in the countryside [2]. Bali Cattle (Bosssondaicus) is one of the types of beef cattle were favored and thrive in widely in the Province of South Sulawesi. Bali cattle has advantages as cattle work, power production high hold and flourish in conditions of environment that is less supportive, resistant ticks, high percentage of carcass, low levels of fat, capital for the community, and high economic value. Breeders consider that this Bali cattle as a savings that can be cashed when needed. Although the age of the cattle is ready to be sell, but farmers still defend it as not requiring the cost of lead that effort the cattle become not efficient. Conditions have an effect on the population of livestock Bali cattle, growth becomes more sluggish, aggravated further by the high numbers expenditures cattle and cutting female productive so that the population of beef cattle South Sulawesi become not balanced. As illustrated in Table 1.

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Table 1. Development o f Beef Cattle and Buffalo in Sou th Sulawesi Province in 2011 -2017 . Growth of 2011- Regency / No 2011 2013 2015 2016 2017 2013 City Absolute % 1 Kep . Selayar 17, 142 19,286 6,264 6,481 23 ,788 2,144 1 2 Bulukumba 54,922 55,662 8,404 8,654 9,056 740 1.35 3 Bantaeng 19,139 20,359 2,775 2,955 3,099 1,220 6.37 4 Jeneponto 22,471 23,367 6,752 6,956 7,226 896 3.99 5 Takalar 38,584 39,439 6,572 6,922 7,202 855 2.22 6 Gowa 90,193 88,573 12 ,805 12 ,361 12 ,947 -1,620 -1.80 7 Sinjai 75,403 7,104 10 ,997 11 ,281 11 ,823 -4,379 -5.81 8 Maros 60,063 61,373 10 ,970 11 ,872 12 ,390 1310 2.18 9 Pangkep 35,841 35,752 8,247 8,761 9,131 -89 -0.25 10 Barru 53,549 51,649 7,720 7,805 8,181 -1,900 -3.55 11 Bone 279.21 26 ,241 40 ,357 43 ,729 45 ,831 -16,802 -0,061 12 Soppeng 27,020 27304 4,224 4,689 4,923 284 1.05 13 Wajo 76,538 79, 505 16 ,051 18 ,166 18 ,935 2,967 3.88 14 Sidrap 36,077 32,729 8,348 9,047 9,440 -3,348 -9.28 15 Pinrang 23,283 25,092 5,722 6,079 6,313 1809 7.77 16 Enrekang 46,958 48,351 8,044 8,489 8,839 1,393 2.97 17 Luwu 19,544 21,671 7,454 7,686 7,954 2,127 10.88 18 Tana Toraja 27,684 28,533 26 ,224 26 ,722 27 ,538 849 3.07 19 North Luwu 34,419 33,210 1,6864 17 ,752 18 ,313 -1209 -3.51 20 East Luwu 15,342 14,915 2444 2,596 2,704 -427 -2.78 21 North Toraja 19,572 19,613 18 ,571 21 ,424 22 ,075 41 0.21 22 Makassar 3,107 3,427 699 642 668 320 10.03 23 3,605 4,130 581 622 652 525 14.56 24 City 2,507 3,092 2,287 831 863 585 23. 00 South Sulawesi 1,082.18 1,070.47 239 ,376 252 ,495 279 ,891 -11,709 -1.08 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics [3 ]. Developing a business-based on Bali cattle cluster need attention for improving the quality and quality of breeds. The development model carried out must be in accordance with the characteristics and density distribution of Bali cattle populations and the capacity of farmer groups in South Sulawesi. In connection with these regulation, the government should encourage the private sector and civil through the utilization of funds of corporate social responsibility to develop institutional farms with Bali cattle business model to meet local and national meat consumption needs. Farmers in rural areas still need improvement in maintenance management, technological innovation, capital, policy support and government support.

2. Materials and methods

2.1 Research time and location The research was done in July–August 2019 in the Bone, Barru and Enrekang Districts.

2.2 Research type The type of research was quantitative exploratory sequential, a research mix of each stage that involves the collection and analysis of data quantitatively on stage first, which was subsequently followed by the collection and analysis of data qualitative in stage two. The main focus of the design of sequential exploratory strategies is to explore a phenomenon and also expand qualitative findings [4].

2 The 2nd International Conference of Animal Science and Technology IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 492 (2020) 012155 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/492/1/012155

3. Results and discussion

3.1. Spread of Bali cattle in Indonesia Bali cattle has played a role that is very special in the history of man since in domesticated for the first time. The purpose of cattle maintained for meat, milk, leather and can be used to plough the land in paddy fields, agriculture business, and transport carts. Along with the increasing human population, then an increase in the appropriate requirement, cattle engineered to provide extra meat, milk, and products of milk. Increasing consumption of meat and dairy products requires an increase in the amount of livestock stock. The environmental impact of livestock businesses must be a concern. Livestock contributes significantly to emissions of gases house of glass, contaminate soil and water, and can reduce the diversity of biodiversity through grazing excessive "over-grazing". Based on figure 1 regarding the distribution of Bali cattle according to their population, the national distribution of cattle occupies rank I, namely the province of East Java with 34% cattle population (beef and dairy), followed by Central Java with 14% population, then the third rank is occupied by the province of South Sulawesi with 7% of the national population. Fourth with a percentage of 6% is occupied by the province of East Nusa Tenggara, then the fifth is Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, Lampung with 5% national beef cattle population and last place is North Sumatra and DI Yogyakarta with 4 % of national beef cattle population.

Figure 1. National cattle population distribution.

3 The 2nd International Conference of Animal Science and Technology IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 492 (2020) 012155 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/492/1/012155

Figure 2. Source seed beef cut in Indonesia

3.2. Spread of Bali cattle in South Sulawesi The distribution of Bali Cattle nationally reaches 23% of the beef cattle population, 7% of the population is in South Sulawesi which can be used for poverty alleviation in rural South Selatan. The distribution or density of Balinese cattle in South Sulawesi is illustrated in figure 3. Figure 3 is is a thematic map of Bali cattle density in South Sulawesi Province. The spread of cattle Bali is calculated based on the number of cattle in the region of a vast territory. Thematic density maps were analyzed using the ArcGis application. Districts with a level of density populations most low was in Luwu Utara and Luwu Timur districts. The density of beef cattle in Luwu Timur District was 2,21 tail/Km 2, in Luwu Utara district was 4.38 tail/Km 2. These two districts have the highest area in South Sulawesi. The population in these two regions is relatively small. The pattern of spreading of Bali cattle follows the spread of population domiciled in an area. The pattern of Bali cattle farming in South Sulawesi is based on semi-intensive to extensive maintenance. The districts with the highest beef cattle density are in Sinjai, Takalar and Bone Regencies. has a density of 81.36 animals/Km 2, Takalar with a density of 68.78 animals/Km 2 and Bone with a density of 56.87 animals/Km 2. Sinjai and Takalar districts are smaller districts in South Sulawesi. However, its density and population are large so it correlates with the number of Bali cattle that are kept.

4 The 2nd International Conference of Animal Science and Technology IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 492 (2020) 012155 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/492/1/012155

Figure 3. Map of Bali cattle density in South Sulawesi Province .

The specific policy for the development of Bali cattle is regulated through South Sulawesi Provincial Governor Regulation number 468/VIII/1976 in 1976 which established three districts as centers for the development of pure Balin cattle lines in three districts; Bone, Barru and Enrekang. For Enrekang district, three districts are excluded namely Alla, Baraka and Angeraja. At this time these three districts have become the center of national Bali cattle development in South Sulawesi. is the most consistent regency in developing pure Bali catte breed. Barru Regency has a density of Bali cattle of 43.39 animals/Km 2 while has a density of 26.45 animals/km 2. The policy support and consistency of the Barru district government in developing exclusive areas for the development of pure Bali cattle lines have also become a major factor in the sustainability of Bali cattle so that germplasm is maintained as a national treasure. One of the reasons for maintaining the purity of Bali cattle as a germplasm is to prevent cross breeds from breeding that can cause the pure breeds of Bali cattle to become extinct. This was stated by [5] related to Ongole cattle (PO) which stated that the population of Ongole breeds (PO)

5 The 2nd International Conference of Animal Science and Technology IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 492 (2020) 012155 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/492/1/012155 would be extinct from the island of Java in the next 15–20 years if no thematic maps of population distribution were made. In the study site Regency Bone and Barru, the community is very familiar and fanatical maintain Bali cattle. Each farmer-household usually raises an average of 3–4 Bali cattle. Farmers have Bali cattle because of their high adaptability, disease resistance, and reproductive period each year. [6] Bali cattle have a high adaptability to the environment and the percentage of calves can reach 80%.

3.3. Bali cattle density in Barru Regency At the research location, the density of Bali cattle is almost evenly distributed throughout the district, in addition to following the settlement and population distribution, also following the regional topography. In addition, there are several other factors that affect the density and population of Bali cattle in other areas: slaughtering, livestock mortality, livestock exports and the high and low natural increase [5].

Figure 4. Map of Bali cattle density in Barru Regency . The density of Bali cattle populations in the study area is presented in a thematic map (Illustration 4). The highest density of Bali cattle is in the Tanete Rilau District, which is 75.84 head/Km 2. Soppeng Riaja is the second highest position with a population density of 56.92 individuals/Km 2. Specifically for

6 The 2nd International Conference of Animal Science and Technology IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 492 (2020) 012155 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/492/1/012155

Tanete Riaja, the population density is 56.06/Km2, this puts Tanete Riaja sub-district in the third position in the population density of Bali cattle. The density of Bali cattle population between Soppeng Riaja and Tanete Riaja is very little, the thing that distinguishes this is that the area of Tanete Riaja is greater compared to Soppeng Riaja. Sambasiviah et al [7] stated that density is the number of individuals (a species) per unit or volume.

4. Conclusion The distribution and density of Bali cattle follow the spread and density of population following the spread of humans who inhabit a region

References [1] Central Bureau of Statistics 2011 South Sulawesi in 2011 (Jakarta: Central Statistics Agency) [2] Sudrajat S 2004 Operational breakthrough program to beef adequacy in 2005 Agricultural Policy Analysis 1(1): 9-13 [3] Central Bureau of Statistics 2017 South Sulawesi in 2017 (Jakarta: Central Statistics Agency) [4] Creswell J W 2010 Research Design: A Qualitative, Quantitative, and Approach Mixed (Yogyakarta: PT Student Library) [5] Sumadi 1999 Some of the Properties of the Production and Reproduction of Various Ethnic Cows are Farmed Cattle Thesis (Bogor: Institute of Agriculture Bogor) [6] Ngadiyono N 2007 Beef Cattle (Yogyakarta: Citra Aji Pratama) [7] Sambasiviah, Rao K A and Chellappa 1982 Animal Ecology (New Delhi: S. Chand and Company Ltd. New)

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