Chapter 8

India climate natural vegetation and wildlife

A. Choose the correct answer and fill in the blanks 1. West Bengal 2. November 3. broadleaves 4. Peninsular B. State whether true or false if false correct the statement 1. True 2. True 3. false 4. False 5. True C. Fill in the blanks 1. Tropical 2. Southwest 3. October heat 4. monsoon 5. Gaur D. Answer the following questions in 10 to 20 words 1. Name the four season experienced in India.

And:- The four seasons experienced in India are winter summer advancing monsoon and retreating monsoon.

2. what is the reason behind the occurrence of light rainfall in Northern India during winter?

Ans:- Light rainfall occurred during the the winter in Northern India due to the cyclonic storms which originate in the Mediterranean sea and travel towards India.

3. Why do the trees belonging to the thorn forest have long roots and small leaves?

Ans:- The trees in thorn forests have long roots which enable them to obtain water from deep below the ground . Their leaves are thorny or fleshy which help to reduce the loss of water.

4. State two special features of mangrove trees.

Ans:- Mangrove trees can survive in both freshwater and saltwater. These trees have special roots called breathing roots. sundari is the most common tree in the tidal forest.

5. Name the natural habitat of the following animals elephant Indian bison crocodile.

Ans,:- Elephants are common in the forests of peninsular India and Assam. The Indian bison known as Gaur is found in the chota Nagpur plateau and in the peninsular region.

A variety of reptiles like crocodiles and alligator are found in pond river and marshes. E. Answer the following question in 50 to 70 words:- 1. Give two examples to show that India experiences great variation in climate conditions.

Ans:- India experiences great variation in climate condition. coastal plains places such as Mumbai and Cochin have moderate climate. There is little difference between summer and winter temperatures. On the other hand places situated far away from the sea such as Delhi and Lucknow have extreme climate with hot summers and cold winters. The annual rainfall in Mawsynram in is the highest in the world while some places in the Thar desert receive extremely scanty rainfall.

2. Why does the Coromandel coast get in winter?

Ans:- The Coromandel coast in Tamilnadu also get some rain in winter brought by the northeast monsoon winds these winds blow from land to sea and are generally dry but while crossing the bay of Bengal they pick up moisture. When they strike against coastal Tamilnadu they cause heavy rainfall.

3. How are the North East monsoon wind different from the South West monsoon winds? Ans::- The northeast monsoon winds blow from land to sea and are are generally dry. But while crossing the bay of Bengal day pic of moisture when they strike against Tamilnadu they cause heavy rainfall. Where as the Southwest monsoon winds begin to retreat gradually and by early November they withdrawal completely from India. 4. Compare the evergreen forest and the deciduous forest.

Ans:- Evergreen forest also call tropical rainforest they are found in areas with more than 200 CM of annual rainfall and a short dry season the rain forests are found on the Western slopes of the Western Ghat parts of West Bengal and Orissa the northeastern states and the Andaman and Nicobar Island

Deciduous forests are also called monsoon forests as they are very typical of regions with the monsoon climate . They are found in areas with annual rainfall between 100 and 200 cm with a long dry season. Monsoon forests are found on the eastern slopes of the Western Ghat not the eastern part of the Deccan plateau the northern plains and the foothills of the Himalayas.

5. List the steps taken for the conservation of

Ans:- The Government of India has set up a number of national parks wildlife sanctuaries and bird sanctuaries for conservation of wildlife it has started project tiger and project rhino which are special efforts to protect these endangered animals. To spread awareness about wildlife in India the first week of October is observed as wildlife week every

F. Answer the following questions in 8200 words 1. Explain the factors that affect the .

Ans: The factors that affect the climate of India are:+ I. latitude --- The tropic of Cancer passes almost through the centre of India dividing the country into two halves. The southernmost part of the country lies in the tropical zone and the northern part lies in the temperate zone. II. The Himalayas The lofty Himalayas along the northern part of India stand as a barrier against the bitterly cold winds coming from the Arctic region. III. surrounding seas-- India has a long coastline the Arabian sea and bay of Bengal have a moderating influence on the climate of the coastal areas. IV. Altitude and relief the temperature decreases with height therefore hill station such as Shimla and Mussoorie being situated at higher latitudes are colder than the places in the place which are situated on the same latitude V. Seasonal winds inventor the northeast monsoon winds blow from land to sea and are thus dry in some of the Southwest monsoon winds blow from sea to learn causing heavy rainfall. 2. Give an account of the monsoon season in India.

Ans:- Advancing monsoon this season starts from June and continues till the end of September. By the end of May Northern and northwestern India becomes extremely hot as a result the low pressure June over this region becomes very strong. The seas are comparatively cool during this time. Therefore their areas of high pressure. Retreating monsoon this month of October and November are known as the retreating monsoon season when there is a withdrawal of the monsoon winds from India by october as a temperature starts dropping the low pressure zone in Northern India become weak and cannot attract the monsoon winds.

3. In the Himalayan region the natural vegetation changes with altitude explain this statement with suitable examples

Ans:- The three types in mountain region changes with altitude these forests are found on the slopes of the Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Uttarakhand Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh the deciduous forests are found at the foothills of the Himalayas salan bambu are important trees of this region between 2000 and 1600 metre temperate deciduous forest consisting of chestnut and I found between 1600 and 3300 coniferous trees such as fine devdaar sidha spruce and silver for are found above 3300 only alpine shrubs and grasslands can be seen up to the permanent snowline.

4. How are forests useful to us?

Ans:- Forest are important to us in following ways –

It provide us with plenty of useful products out of which Timber is the most important other products include lakh racing games medicinal herbs fruit dies honey cellulose grasses and leaves. Their help in maintaining the ecological balance by absorbing carbon dioxide and please releasing oxygen they prevent soil erosion by binding the soil which tree roots forest increase the moisture content in the year they provide natural habitat for wildlife.