Infinity Network Configuration Guide

Controlling Tomorrow’s World

Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Version B

Reproduction or distribution forbidden. Copyright  1993–1997 by Andover Controls. Subject to change without notice.

Order No. 30-3001-169

This product is subject to change without notice. This document does not constitute any warranty, express or implied. Andover Controls Corporation reserves the right to alter capabilities, performance, and presentation of this product at any time.

The following trademarks are used in this manual:

CROSSTALK is a registered trademark of Digital Communications Associates, Inc. IBM PS/2, PC/AT, and NETBIOS are a registered trademarks of International Business Machines, Inc. MS-OS/2 is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. VT is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation. ARCNET is a trademark of Datapoint Corporation. Ethernet is a trademark of Xerox Corporation.

ii Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Preface

The Infinity Network Configuration Guide presents instructions for planning and installing an ARCNET- or Ethernet-EnergyNet and multiple Infinets. It first presents basic information on local area networks (LANs), then introduces the ARCNET-EnergyNet and how to set up an EnergyNet configuration. Next, it introduces the Ethernet-EnergyNet. It then presents information on Infinets, the smaller networks that branch off of the EnergyNet. Finally, it presents how to interpret the LEDs on EnergyLinks and InfiLinks and how to interpret errors that may be related to the network on the keypads of 900 or 810 controllers. At the end is a glossary of LAN terminology that encompasses both ARCNET and Ethernet concepts.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide iii Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com iv Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Contents

Chapter 1—Introducing Local Area Networks What Is a Local Area Network? ...... 1-2 What Is a Controller? ...... 1-2 What Is a Workstation? ...... 1-2 What Is a File Server? ...... 1-2 What Is a Node? ...... 1-2 What Is Network Topology? ...... 1-3 What Is Bus Topology? ...... 1-4 What Is Star Topology? ...... 1-4 What Is Ring Topology? ...... 1-6 What Are the Types of Active Hubs? ...... 1-7 Modular Active Hubs ...... 1-7 Non-modular Active Hubs ...... 1-7 Active Links ...... 1-7 EnergyNet Active Hubs ...... 1-7 What Types of Cables Form LANs? ...... 1-9 What Is Coaxial Cable? ...... 1-9 What Is Twisted Pair Cable? ...... 1-9 What Is Fiber Optic Cable? ...... 1-9 How Fast Is Data Transmitted? ...... 1-10 How Is Data Transmitted on LANs? ...... 1-11 What Is Token Passing? ...... 1-11 What Is CSMA/CD? ...... 1-11 What Are Signaling Methods? ...... 1-12 What Is Baseband? ...... 1-12 What Is Broadband? ...... 1-13 What Is Carrierband? ...... 1-13 Advantages of Baseband Over Broadband ...... 1-13 How Do You Establish Communication on LANs? ...... 1-14 What Are Software Drivers? ...... 1-14 What Is a Network Operating System? ...... 1-14

Infinity Network Configuration Guide v Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Chapter 2—Understanding ARCNET-EnergyNet What Is ARCNET-EnergyNet? ...... 2-2 What Are the Nodes on ARCNET-EnergyNet? ...... 2-2 Why Is Token Passing Effective? ...... 2-3 What Is the Hub of ARCNET-EnergyNet? ...... 2-4 What Are Components of EnergyLink 2000? ...... 2-4 What Is the Active Link/Repeater of ARCNET-EnergyNet? ...... 2-7 What Is the ARCNET-EnergyNet Network Interface Card? ...... 2-8

Chapter 3—Selecting a Cabling Arrangement for ARCNET-EnergyNet Preparing Coaxial Cables ...... 3-2 Forming Simple Bus Configurations ...... 3-4 Point-to-Point Connections with Coaxial Cable ...... 3-4 A Simple Coaxial Cable Bus Topology ...... 3-5 A Coaxial Cable Bus Topology with Workstations ...... 3-6 Rules for All Coaxial Cable Bus Topology Networks ...... 3-7 A Simple Coaxial Cable Star Topology ...... 3-9 Switching Cable Types with EnergyLink 2000s ...... 3-10 Fiber Optic Bus Topology with EnergyLink 2000s and 2101s ...... 3-10 Rules for Fiber Optic Networks ...... 3-11 Employing EnergyLink 2000s in Complex Configurations ...... 3-12 Distributed Star Topology with EnergyLink 2000s ...... 3-12 Expanding the Network with EnergyLink 2000s ...... 3-14 Rules When Using EnergyLink 2000s in a Distributed Star Topology ...... 3-14 Cascading EnergyLink 2000s ...... 3-15 Extending a Bus with an EnergyLink 2000 ...... 3-16 Planning Your Cabling Configuration ...... 3-17 Measuring Cable Lengths ...... 3-17 Selecting a Cable Type ...... 3-17 Calculating Total Delays on Long Networks ...... 3-18 Summary of Node Connection Rules for All ARCNET- EnergyNet Topologies ...... 3-19

Chapter 4—Understanding Ethernet-EnergyNet What Is Ethernet-EnergyNet? ...... 4-2 What Are the Nodes on Ethernet-EnergyNet? ...... 4-3 Why Is the CSMA/CD Access Method Effective? ...... 4-4 What Is the Hub of Ethernet-EnergyNet? ...... 4-4 What Are Components of EnergyLink 2500? ...... 4-6 What Is the Ethernet-EnergyNet Network Interface Card? ...... 4-9

vi Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Chapter 5—Selecting a Cabling Arrangement for Ethernet-EnergyNet Understanding Cable Types ...... 5-2 Characteristics of Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable ...... 5-2 Characteristics of Thick Coaxial Cable ...... 5-3 Characteristics of Thinnet Coaxial Cable ...... 5-4 Characteristics of Fiber Optic Cable ...... 5-5 Summary of Characteristics of Cable Types ...... 5-7 Forming a Simple Point-to-Point Configuration with Twisted Pair Cable ...... 5-9 Twisted Pair (10Base-T) Ethernet-EnergyNet ...... 5-9 Forming a Star Configuration with Twisted Pair Cable ...... 5-11 Forming a Distributed Star Configuration with Twisted Pair Cable ...... 5-12 Rules for Twisted Pair Networks ...... 5-15 Understanding Thin Coaxial Cable ...... 5-16 Using Coaxial Cables ...... 5-16 Forming a Simple Two-Node Bus with Thin Coaxial Cable Using T Connectors ...... 5-17 Expanding the Simple Bus with Thin Coaxial Cable Using T Connectors ...... 5-20 Lengthening the Thin Coaxial Cable Bus ...... 5-21 Forming a Simple Bus with Thin Coaxial Cable Using Cable Taps ...... 5-23 Forming a Star or Distributed Star Configuration with Thin Coaxial Cable Using EnergyLink 2500 ...... 5-27 EnergyLink 2500 as a Node on Each Bus ...... 5-31 Rules for Thin Coaxial Cable Distributed Star Topology Networks ...... 5-32 Forming a Two-Node Bus Configuration with Fiber Optic Cable ...... 5-34 Lengthening the Fiber Optic Bus ...... 5-36 Forming a Star Configuration with Fiber Optic Cable ...... 5-37 Connecting Fiber Optic Cable to EnergyLink 2500 ...... 5-40 Cascading EnergyLink 2500s Using Fiber Optic Cable ...... 5-42 Calculating Total Signal Loss ...... 5-43 Rules for Fiber Optic Networks ...... 5-44 Employing Multiple Cable Types in Long/Complex Networks ...... 5-45 Determining Total Network Length ...... 5-45 Calculating Total Delay on Long Networks ...... 5-46 Employing Bridges in Long Networks ...... 5-48 Using Local Bridges ...... 5-48 Using Remote Bridges ...... 5-48 Planning and Setting Up a Long Network ...... 5-50 General Guidelines for Mixed-Cable Distributed Star Topology Ethernet-EnergyNets ...... 5-60

Infinity Network Configuration Guide vii Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Chapter 6—Understanding and Cabling Infinet What Is Infinet? ...... 6-2 What Are the Nodes on Infinet? ...... 6-2 Why Is Token Passing Effective? ...... 6-3 What Is the Twisted Pair Hub of Infinet? ...... 6-4 What Is the Fiber Optic Link of Infinet? ...... 6-5 Forming Twisted Pair Infinet Configurations ...... 6-6 Extending the Infinet with InfiLink 200 ...... 6-6 Employing InfiLink 200 in Star Configurations ...... 6-7 Using Modems with InfiLink 200 ...... 6-7 Forming Mixed Fiber Optic and Twisted Pair Infinet Configurations ...... 6-9 Extending the Infinet with InfiLink 210 ...... 6-9 Employing InfiLink 210 in an Extended Daisy-Chain ...... 6-11 Employing InfiLink 210 in Star Configurations ...... 6-12 Limiting Cable Signal Loss Over Fiber Optic Cable ...... 6-15 Planning Your Cabling Configuration ...... 6-16 Infinet Map Drawing Conventions ...... 6-16 Selecting a Cable Type ...... 6-17 Chapter 7—Interpreting LEDs on EnergyLinks and InfiLinks Understanding EnergyLink 2000 LEDs ...... 7-2 Interpreting Normal LED Responses ...... 7-3 Interpreting Flashing Lights ...... 7-3 Responding When +PWR and –PWR LEDs Do Not Light Up ...... 7-4 Understanding InfiLink 200 LEDs ...... 7-6 Interpreting Normal LED Responses ...... 7-6 Baud Rate Setting on InfiLink 200 ...... 7-7 Checking Fuse on InfiLink 200 ...... 7-7 Understanding EnergyLink 2500 LEDs ...... 7-8 Interpreting LED Responses ...... 7-8 Responding to Excessive Collisions ...... 7-10 Understanding InfiLink 210 LEDs ...... 7-11 Interpreting Normal LED Responses ...... 7-11 Baud Rate Setting on InfiLink 210 ...... 7-12 Understanding Keypad Errors on 900 or 810 ...... 7-13 Error 1 ...... 7-13 Error 2 ...... 7-13 Error 3 ...... 7-13 Error 4 ...... 7-13 Error 5 ...... 7-13

viii Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Appendix A—RS-232 Port Pinouts for Controllers and Workstations Appendix B—Using Thick Coaxial Cable for Ethernet-EnergyNet Forming a Simple Bus Configuration with Thick Coaxial Cable ...... B-2 Using a Transceiver to Tap into Ethernet-EnergyNet ...... B-4 Tapping Directly into Ethernet-EnergyNet ...... B-5 Installing Thick Coaxial Transceivers ...... B-5 Lengthening the Thick Coaxial Cable Backbone ...... B-7 Rules for Thick Coaxial Cable Bus Topology Networks ...... B-8 Appendix C—Totaling Propagation Delays for Ethernet-EnergyNet Appendix D—Mapping Conventions for Andover Networks ARCNET-EnergyNet Map Drawing Conventions ...... D-2 Ethernet-EnergyNet Map Drawing Conventions ...... D-4 Glossary—LAN Terminology

Infinity Network Configuration Guide ix Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com x Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Local Area Networks

Chapter 1

Introducing Local Area Networks

This chapter covers the following: • What Is a Local Area Network? • What Is Network Topology? • Active Hub Types • LAN Cable Types • LAN Data Transmission • LAN Communications

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 1-1 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Local Area Networks

What Is a Local Area Network?

A local area network (LAN) is a minimum of two controllers or a controller and a workstation connected with cabling and running software. The LAN lets multiple workstations and controllers communicate with (“talk to”) one another, sharing data, storage space, programs, printers, terminals, other software, and other equipment. A LAN transmits data much faster than a point-to-point link, such as one over an RS-232C cable. Where RS-232C usually cannot transmit data faster than 19,200 baud, a LAN can transmit data at the rate of 1 to 10 Mb/sec, hundreds of times faster. With a LAN you can also connect many different types of equipment, which is why a LAN is the perfect method for connecting a building control, process control, or security system network. Also, while LANs do not usually extend beyond a mile in length, they can extend much further than an RS-232C connection. What Is a Controller? A controller is a computerized piece of equipment that you use to control an HVAC system, building access, or process. What Is a Workstation? A workstation is a computer complete with a screen and a built-in storage disk that you use to access and modify the controller or controllers on your network. What Is a File Server? A file server is a workstation that stores files for other workstations or controllers on the network. You can store all your controllers’ programs on the file server if you choose. What Is a Node? Each workstation, file server, or controller of the LAN is called a “node.”

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What Is Network Topology? Network “topology” is the way you arrange the nodes of the network and connect them with the cables. Three types of topology available on most LANs are as follows: • Bus Topology • Star Topology • Ring Topology What Is Bus Topology? Bus topology is an arrangement of nodes on a single cable (also called a “bus”). Each node is connected to the bus with a connector. A bus sends each message to all nodes at once. This system of transmission is called a “broadcasting” system.

Figure 1-1. Bus Topology LAN. This is a “standard” EnergyNet configuration.

LAN Cable

Controller

Workstation Nodes

Controller

Workstation

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What Is Star Topology? Star topology is an arrangement where all nodes are connected to a central hub that is a communications device. You can add nodes to the network by connecting them to the central hub. After the LAN becomes active, you can still add another node. You can configure an EnergyNet in this topology.

Figure 1-2. Star Topology LAN

Controller Workstation

Central Hub Controller Controller

Workstation Controller

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What Is a Central Hub? A central hub in a star topology LAN is either a series of wires connected at one location (passive hub) or a communications device that transmits data to all nodes connected to it (active hub). In simple terms, an active hub requires power to function, whereas a passive hub is merely a location where multiple wires connect. An “active hub” is one that acts like a “network repeater,” an electronic device that retransmits signals that have traveled a long distance. It regenerates signals over distances of up to 6,561 ft (2,000 m). Active hubs let you isolate network nodes so that if an error occurs on one node or noise interferes with the functioning of one cable, the rest of the network is minimally affected. A “passive hub” is one that merely connects several nodes, but does not retransmit signals. In a passive hub, you must use all ports on the hub, or properly terminate them. If one node or one port on a passive hub is not terminated, the entire network is disrupted. Under such a system, you could not isolate a network node. Problems on one node would reverberate over the network. So that you can easily remove nodes from the network, Andover Controls supports only active hubs.

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What Is Ring Topology? Ring topology is an arrangement of nodes in a single continuous loop. Data transmits from node to node in one particular direction. The ring topology is not supported by EnergyNet because if a single node fails, the entire network fails.

Figure 1-3. Ring Topology LAN

Controller Controller

Workstation Controller

Controller Workstation

Never attempt to form a ring topology with EnergyNet.

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Active Hubs Types The following are the most common types of active hubs used in star topology networks: • Modular Active Hubs • Nonmodular Active Hubs • Active Links Modular Active Hubs Also called “variable port hubs,” modular active hubs let you determine how many ports you want connected to them. You insert a module with the number and type of ports you want into one of the connectors on the hub. The modules can be for various types of cables, so you can have fiber optic cable on one module, coaxial cable on another, and so on—all connected at one hub. Nonmodular Active Hubs Also called “fixed port hubs,” nonmodular active hubs have a fixed number of ports, usually eight. To connect more than eight nodes to a network using nonmodular active hubs, you cascade other hubs from a port on one hub to a port on another. Active Links You can use an active link as either a repeater or as an interface to switch to another type of cabling. When you’ve reached your maximum cable length on a bus, you can use a repeater to extend the cabling a further distance. You can use another type of active link to switch from fiber optic cabling to coaxial cabling or twisted pair cabling. (For more on cabling, see the next section, What Types of Cables Form LANs?) EnergyNet Active Hubs Andover Controls has two active hubs, one for an ARCNET-EnergyNet and the other for an Ethernet-EnergyNet. EnergyLink 2000 (ARCNET-EnergyNet) EnergyLink 2000 is the Andover Controls modular active hub for an ARCNET- EnergyNet networking 9000 and 9500 controllers. It can have up to four modules and up to 16 ports. You use EnergyLink 2000 as either an active hub or a multiport cable-switching active link. To use it as a cable-switching active link, you would replace some of the modules with modules for a different cable type.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 1-7 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Local Area Networks

You can also extend the network length with an EnergyLink 2100 as a network repeater. Or you can purchase EnergyLink 2101(for both coaxial and fiber optic cable) as either a network repeater or an active link for cable switching. Essentially, EnergyLink 2100 and 2101 are active hubs with only four ports. You’ll find out more about EnergyLink 2000, EnergyLink 2100, and EnergyLink 2101 in the next chapter. EnergyLink 2500 (Ethernet-EnergyNet)

EnergyLink 2500 is the Andover Controls modular active hub for an Ethernet- EnergyNet networking 9200 and 9300 controllers. It can have up to seven modules, each with a single port. You use EnergyLink 2500 as both an active hub and a multiport cable-switching hub. To use it as a cable-switching hub, you use modules for various different cable types. You’ll find out more about EnergyLink 2500 in subsequent chapters.

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LAN Cable Types Three types of cable form LAN connections: • Coaxial •Twisted Pair • Fiber Optic The type of cable you should use often changes with the particular circumstances of your installation. What Is Coaxial Cable? Coaxial cable is a shielded cable and is the most commonly used cabling for LANs because its shield protects data being transmitted from outside noise. Shielding is necessary when running cables through equipment rooms where HVAC controllers reside. It offers the best noise protection at the lowest cost. What Is Twisted Pair Cable? Twisted pair cable is an unshielded and less expensive cable than coaxial. It is sometimes the choice in a low noise environment or for use with Ethernet networks. However, data transmits less reliably over twisted pair cabling and the controller must often retransmit the data. Although it is perfectly acceptable for Ethernet- EnergyNet, because it is less reliable than other types of cable, we do not recommend or support twisted pair cabling for ARCNET-EnergyNet. What Is Fiber Optic Cable? Fiber optic cable is a shielded cable and often used where the LAN requires outdoor cables. Fiber optic cable is used to protect against lightning damage and other electrical disturbances. It offers the best noise protection possible, but at a high cost.

Table 1-1. Compared Characteristics of Coaxial, Fiber Optic, and Twisted Pair Cabling

Characteristic Coaxial Twisted Pair Fiber Optic

Installed Cost Low Low High Distance Medium Low High Topologies Star, Bus Star, Bus Star Noise Immunity Medium Low High Outdoor Use Good Poor Excellent Transmit Speed Medium Low High

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 1-9 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Local Area Networks

How Fast Is Data Transmitted? Each of the three types of cables transmits data at different rates: • Coaxial—Between 1 and 15Mb/sec. • Twisted Pair—Maximum of 10Mb/sec. • Fiber Optic—200 Mb/sec. ARCNET-EnergyNet transmits data at a rate of 2.5Mb/sec. Ethernet-EnergyNet transmits data at 10 Mb/sec. Although one may appear to have obvious advantage over the other, you may want to consider some of the other differences between ARCNET and Ethernet before you choose which one to use in your installation.

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LAN Data Transmission Each node on the network accesses the network to transmit and receive data. The method of access is a set of rules called “protocols.” Two types of protocols used on LANs are as follows: • Token Passing • Carrier-Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) What Is Token Passing? The token is an electronic signal. Token passing access sends a single token to each node. The token checks to see if the node has data to transmit. The network passes the token sequentially, from node to node. One node receives the token and immediately transmits any data it wants to submit. The data broadcasts over the network to all other nodes, but only the node that should receive it responds to it. The network then passes the token along to the next node where the process repeats. If a node has no data to transmit, it merely passes the token to the next node. Under the token passing system, each node on the network is an equal. No single central controller or workstation is required. For this reason, the length of time required to pass a piece of data through the token passing system is always consistent for a given data size. For example, all messages that are 10 bytes transmit in the same number of seconds. If the message is longer, it takes more time, shorter, it takes less time. Heavy network traffic (network activity) does not slow down the rate data transmits at. Another advantage to token passing is that should a node fail, the network automatically skips it when passing the token, so that communication continues among all nodes that are functioning. Similarly, when you add a new node to the network, the network automatically recognizes that node and passes the token to it at its time in the sequence. If you cut the network into two parts, each automatically becomes a separate network. Breaking the network becomes a useful tool when troubleshooting. Both ARCNET-EnergyNet and Infinet are token passing access networks. For the most efficient token-passing network, Andover recommends you use up to 50 controllers on ARCNET-EnergyNet. What Is CSMA/CD? CSMA/CD networks bring messages onto a cable “highway.” Just as on an automo- bile highway, as long as traffic is normal, cars (nodes) can cut into the flow easily.

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As long as the quantity of traffic is correct for that network highway, information moves readily along the network paths from node to node. However, when traffic builds up, as in downtown rush hour, the cars must compete to be the first in line. The same happens on a CSMA/CD network when the traffic builds up. Whenever the active node (car) pauses, another node must cut it off and force its way in to gain access to the network. Thus, when traffic is heavy, CSMA/ CD network nodes compete for access to the network. In extreme cases, cars become bottlenecked trying to get into the same narrow street and it becomes impossible to get in. The same can occur on a CSMA/CD network, so that in excessively heavy network traffic, some messages may not transmit as quickly as they ought to. Also, in traffic jams there are sometimes collisions. The same can occur on the network. Network collisions are not fatal, and after they occur, the nodes whose data collide simply pause and try once again to get onto the network highway. As you have probably figured out, in heavy traffic, you might have a hard time estimating the time required to transmit a piece of data over a CSMA/CD access network. However, on this type of network, the size of the data does not influence the rate at which it is transmitted. Since network traffic increases as you add nodes to the network, CSMA/CD access networks are practical as long as the volume of traffic is not extremely high. The highest traffic networks might achieve better re- sults using token passing. Ethernet-EnergyNet is a CSMA/CD network that you might choose for EnergyNets with up to 50 controllers. One of the best reasons to choose Ethernet, as discussed earlier, is speed. At 10 Mb/ sec, Ethernet is considerably faster than an ARCNET operating at 2.5 Mb/sec. In the right installation, Ethernet is a reasonably priced alternative, because you can form it using twisted pair cable, the lowest-priced cable available for a LAN. What Are Signaling Methods? Three methods of transmitting data on LANs are as follows: • Baseband • Broadband • Carrierband Each method uses a different type of signal. What Is Baseband? Baseband networks transmit either analog or digital signals over the cabling system on a single channel. The baseband system encodes digital signals in pulse form be-

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fore entering the cable and decodes them back to their digital form when they reach the destination node. EnergyNet is a baseband network. What Is Broadband? Broadband networks send data over totally separate channels depending on the type of data it is. They can transmit voice over one channel and video over another, using digital and analog signals as required. Before a broadband network sends a signal, it modulates the signal into noninterfering frequencies through a radio frequency (RF) modem. When it the signal reaches its destination, the broadband demodulates the signals back to their digital or analog form. What Is Carrierband? Carrierband is like a single channel on a broadband network. It requires a modem and modulates the signal when it sends it out, but does not demodulate the signal when it reaches its destination. Advantages of Baseband Over Broadband Although broadband networks are flexible in transmitting signals, they are difficult to add a node to. You must reengineer the portion of the broadband network you want to add the node to. Baseband networks, on the other hand, are easy to install and add nodes to. You never need to reengineer the network when adding a node. Also, baseband networks require only a few components that almost anyone can as- semble, while broadband networks require many more components and engineering expertise to install.

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LAN Communications After you have connected your network with the appropriate cables, how do you actually get the controllers and workstations talking? You use two types of software: • Software Drivers • Network Operating System What Are Software Drivers? Software drivers provide the instructions to transmit data over the network. The ARCNET-EnergyNet software driver is a NETBIOS compatible driver. The Ether- net-EnergyNet software driver is a NETBEUI compatible driver. NETBIOS and NETBEUI are standard drivers used by common network operating systems. What Is a Network Operating System? The network operating system is the software that lets workstations and controllers on a network share hardware resources, such as disk drives and printers. Two types of environments exist in the operating system: shared resource and peer- to-peer. A shared resource environment has a file server that distributes data as required to the nodes on the network. The software on each node accepts requests from the users and sends those requests to the file server whenever required. EnergyNet has the Microsoft OS/2 LAN Manager for its network operating system whenever workstations are on the network. When two controllers communicate with each other (without a workstation), they use the peer-to-peer environment. They do not have a central file server. Instead, nodes access files through Andover network protocols. Protocols are rules that govern communication on the network. Andover Controls combines shared resources and peer-to-peer communication forming a unique environment for building control. Andover Controls equipment uses shared resources for graphics and long term storage and peer-to-peer for controller to controller data exchange.

1-14 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com ARCNET-EnergyNet

Chapter 2

Understanding ARCNET-EnergyNet

This chapter covers the following: • What Is ARCNET-EnergyNet? • What Is the Hub of ARCNET-EnergyNet? • What Is the Active Link/Repeater of ARCNET-EnergyNet? • What Is the ARCNET-EnergyNet Network Interface Card?

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 2-1 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com ARCNET-EnergyNet

What Is ARCNET-EnergyNet?

The ARCNET EnergyNet1 is a high-performance, token-passing local area network (LAN) of Andover Controls controllers and workstations and the network software that makes them communicate. Over a million ARCNET nodes are currently installed worldwide. The ARCNET-EnergyNet network drivers are NETBIOS. The workstations on the network communicate through the operating system, the Microsoft OS/2 LAN Manager software. The LAN Manager uses a shared resource environment, with a file server serving all other workstations on the network. ARCNET-EnergyNet has a minimum of two controllers or a controller and a workstation, usually connected with RG-62/u coaxial cable. It can connect up to 254 nodes. Data transmits over the ARCNET-EnergyNet at a rate of 2.5 Mb/sec when you use coaxial cable. Depending on your particular installation, you may want to use fiber optic combined with coaxial cabling instead. You can use both types to construct ARCNET-EnergyNet. Although ARCNET-EnergyNet has a token-passing data access system, it has a combination bus and star topology called “distributed star” topology. ARCNET-EnergyNet is a baseband network, connected by up to 4 miles (6.4 km) of coaxial cabling. The number of nodes on the network influences the length of cable that connects the entire network, but the maximum distance you can have between two nodes is 1,428 ft (435 m) with coaxial cabling and 6,000 ft (1,828.8 m) with fiber optic cabling. As with any baseband network, ARCNET-EnergyNet is easy to install. It requires only cabling and interface modules. You may also use EnergyLink 2100 or 2101, electronic repeaters, to extend the amount of cabling beyond the limit for a given number of nodes. EnergyLink 2100 (or 2101) amplifies and retransmits signals so that they can travel further on the network. What Are the Nodes on ARCNET-EnergyNet? The two types of nodes on ARCNET-EnergyNet are controllers and workstations. The 9000 and 9500 controllers are ARCNET-EnergyNet controllers. (Other controllers, called Infinet controllers, are not directly connected to the ARCNET- EnergyNet. See Chapter 6 for more on the Infinet controller network.) Each 9000 controller counts as a single node on ARCNET-EnergyNet. You give an ID to each controller by setting a DIP switch inside it. How to set the EnergyNet ID is in the installation guide for the 9000 controllers.

1. ARCNET-EnergyNet is ARCNET, developed by Datapoint Corporation, combined with Andover Controls software.

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The 8000 workstation is a user-friendly IBM PC workstation with detailed color graphics that connects to the network. The 8000 workstation can also be a file server, storing files for other workstations on the ARCNET-EnergyNet. You can program all your controllers from a single workstation that operates as a file server, if you choose. Each workstation or server counts as a single node on ARCNET- EnergyNet. You give each workstation an ID by setting a switch on its network interface card. How to set the switch is detailed in the instructions you received with the card. Each active hub is also considered a node on the network. You set the ID of the hub as described in the EnergyLink Installation Guide. Why Is Token Passing Effective? Token passing, as discussed in Chapter 1, is one of the best methods for real-time building control systems because data of a particular length is always transmitted in a given amount of time. Token passing allows ARCNET-EnergyNet to not only accept data of any length, but also automatically acknowledge receiving data and automatically check for errors, giving all nodes equal access to the network. ARCNET-EnergyNet handles all network control so that 9000 and 8000 software can ignore network control and operate more efficiently. If you remove a controller or workstation from the network, the ARCNET- EnergyNet automatically reconfigures itself and continues operating without interruption.

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What Is the Hub of ARCNET-EnergyNet? The hub of ARCNET-EnergyNet is EnergyLink 2000. EnergyLink 2000 is a 16-port modular active hub that retransmits messages to the spokes (arms) of the hub just the way an electronic network repeater would. The hub has four modules, with four ports each. You can have coaxial, fiber optic, or mixed coaxial and fiber optic modules on the EnergyLink 2000. Because you can interchange modules, you can have EnergyLink 2000 function as a cable switching center, if you connect the appropriate modules to it. You do not have to terminate unused ports on the EnergyLink 2000. Because the ports are always properly terminated, you can later disconnect one node from the network without interrupting the building control system. When EnergyLink 2000 connects several nodes, it controls communication on two fronts: • Between the nodes in the star. • Between the nodes in the star and the other hubs on the network. Because each node has a separate transceiver, you do not encounter problems with cable loading. See also the EnergyLink 2000 Installation Guide supplied with the unit. What Are Components of EnergyLink 2000?

Figure 2-1. EnergyLink 2000 Before Modules are Connected

6 inches (15.24 cm)

Where Four Modules Connect

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You can mount the EnergyLink 2000 inside another NEMA enclosure or mount it on a wall as is. When you first see EnergyLink 2000, you see four slots. You insert a module with four ports in each those slots. Then you have 16 ports in all. If you need only 12 ports, you need only use three modules. When you order EnergyLink 2000, you order at least one module with either all four ports coaxial, all four ports fiber optic, or two ports coaxial and two ports fiber optic. To order EnergyLink 2000 and the modules, use the following Andover Controls model numbers: • Andover Controls Model # 2000—16 port hub (115/230V 50/60 Hz) • Andover Controls Model # 2001— Module with 4 coaxial ports • Andover Controls Model # 2002— Module with 2 coaxial ports, 2 fiber optic ports • Andover Controls Model # 2003—Module with 4 fiber optic ports You can order a maximum of four modules per hub. Figure 2-1 shows ports on the modules. Each coaxial port connects to the male end of a BNC connector and each fiber optic port connects to the end of a fiber optic cable.

Figure 2-2. Ports for Different Cables on Various Modules

Four Coaxial Ports Two Coaxial, Four Fiber Optic on Module Two Fiber Optic Ports on Module Ports on Module

Although the hub behaves the way a repeater would, you would not want to use it as a repeater, because you would not take advantage of the 16 ports. Andover Con- trols has a repeater with four coaxial ports called EnergyLink 2100. If you want to

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switch from coaxial to fiber optic cable, you can purchase the EnergyLink 2101 active link, with two coaxial and two fiber optic cable ports. How Do You Read EnergyLink 2000’s LEDs? EnergyLink 2000 also has LED lights on top that correspond to each module. The LEDs to the right of the rightmost module are for timing and reconfiguration. The timing light indicates ARCNET-EnergyNet is receiving and transmitting signals. The reconfiguration light turns on to indicate that the network has been configured. The network reconfigures itself when you remove a node. The activity LEDs on the rest of the modules blink to indicate that ports on that module are receiving and transmitting data. See Chapter 7 or the EnergyLink Instal- lation Guide for more details on how to interpret the LEDs.

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What Is the Active Link/Repeater of ARCNET- EnergyNet? A small-scale version of the EnergyLink 2000, the EnergyLink 2100 has a single module with four coaxial ports and acts as a network repeater. You can also use it as a hub for three or four nodes that all require coaxial cable. EnergyLink 2101 has a single module with two coaxial and two fiber optic ports. You often use it as a cable-switching active link. It can also be a network repeater for either a coaxial or fiber optic cable bus. To order EnergyLink 2100 or 2101, use the following Andover Controls model numbers: • Andover Controls Model # 2100—4 coaxial port active link/repeater • Andover Controls Model # 2101—2 coaxial and 2 fiber optic port active link In some instances, you can interchange EnergyLink 2100 with EnergyLink 2000. It is, basically, a hub with fewer ports. In other instances, such as when you switch cable types, you can interchange EnergyLink 2000 with EnergyLink 2101. Both can also be the central hub of a star with mixed cable types, but the EnergyLink 2101 would form only a three- or four- arm star.

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What Is the ARCNET-EnergyNet Network Interface Card? ARCNET-EnergyNet supports two network interface cards that let you connect workstations to the network: • Andover Controls Model # 2020 for AT bus systems (IBM PC and Compaq computers) • Andover Controls Model # 2040 for IBM PS/2 bus systems See your Andover Controls Representative for specific hardware supported. Because the network interface card is considered a node on the ARCNET-EnergyNet, it must have an EnergyNet ID, just as all other nodes on the network have. You select the EnergyNet ID by setting a DIP switch inside the controller cabinet. You can assign each node an ID from 1 to 254. EnergyNet ID number 0 is reserved by ARCNET-EnergyNet to broadcast a message to all nodes. Otherwise, you can use any of the other ID numbers for any node or network interface card. To assign the AT bus (Compaq) card an ID, set a DIP switch on it following the instructions provided with the card. To assign the PS/2 card an ID, you set it through the software. Details on how to set the PS/2 card ID are included in the computer’s documentation for the Reference disk. EnergyNet IDs for 9000 controllers range from 1 to 223 and for 8000 workstation range from 224 to 254. When passing the token from node to node, ARCNET-EnergyNet starts with the node with the lowest EnergyNet ID number and proceeds to the one with the highest. When it reaches the highest ID number, ARCNET-EnergyNet returns to the lowest, proceeding in a cycle called a “logical ring.” As shown in the figure on the next page, the logical ring is based on the EnergyNet ID number, not on the physical placement of the nodes.

2-8 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com ARCNET-EnergyNet

Figure 2-3. Logical Ring vs. Physical Layout of Nodes

86 1

Logical Ring 126

230

224

Layout of Nodes on Network

230

8000 Workstation 1

9000 Controller 224

8000 Workstation

126

9000 86 Controller

9000 Controller

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2-10 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for ARCNET

Chapter 3

Selecting a Cabling Arrangement for ARCNET- EnergyNet

We recommend you read all of the information in this chapter before designing your own ARCNET-EnergyNet configuration. This chapter covers the following:

• Preparing Coaxial Cables • Forming Simple Bus Configurations • Switching Cable Types with EnergyLink 2000s • Employing EnergyLink 2000s in Complex Configurations • Planning Your Cabling Configuration • Summary of Node Connection Rules for All Topologies

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Preparing Coaxial Cables No matter which type of network topology you use, each length of coaxial cable connecting to a controller, workstation, EnergyLink 2000, EnergyLink 2100, or EnergyLink 2101 must have a BNC male connector at both ends. If the cables are not already premade, you prepare them by attaching the male connectors. If possible, you should use premade cables, because when creating your own, you could inadvertently cut a single wire too short, or twist or break a wire. If a single wire is not properly connected, you later have communications problems that may be difficult to diagnose. Figure 3-1 shows a single piece of prepared coaxial ARCNET-EnergyNet cable. Each piece of coaxial cable from male connector to male connector must be at least 6 ft (1.82 m) long.

Figure 3-1. ARCNET-EnergyNet Coaxial Cable

6 ft. (1.82 m) minimum

Male Connectors on either end of Coaxial Cable —Each connects directly to controllers at ends of bus

Figure 3-2 shows the ARCNET-EnergyNet coaxial T connector (Andover Controls Model # 2070). This connector is required on most (but not all) controllers on a bus. (More about buses later.)

Figure 3-2. ARCNET-EnergyNet Coaxial T Connector

Coaxial Cable Coaxial Cable

Connects to coaxial connector on a controller not at end of bus

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Figure 3-3 shows the coaxial ARCNET-EnergyNet cable connecting to the T connector.

Figure 3-3. ARCNET-EnergyNet Coaxial Cable Connections

Connects to Controller or Workstation

Male BNC Male BNC Connector Connector

BNC T Connector

Prepared Cables

Connect to Another Node and Connects directly to controller at end of Bus

Plug the end of the coaxial T connector for the ARCNET-EnergyNet cable into the ARCNET-EnergyNet connector just above and to the left of the uppermost RS-485 port on the controller board. (Or directly connect the male BNC connector to the controller if it is at the end of a bus. See the next section for details on buses.) Every T connector on the network has three ends. The bottom of the T always connects to the coaxial connector on a controller or workstation on the network. The two sides of the T connector always connect to a coaxial cable.

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Forming Simple Bus Configurations Let’s look at a series of simple configurations first. Point-to-Point Connections with Coaxial Cable Suppose you want to connect two 8000 workstations, two 9000 controllers, or one of each. To connect two nodes point-to-point, you must first terminate the nodes. Each controller is terminated when you purchase it, with a built-in removable 93 Ω terminator. Figure 3-4 shows the built-in terminator in upper left corner of the printed circuit board inside the 9000 controller.

Figure 3-4. Built-in Terminator on 9000 Controller

Fuse for EnergyLink Capacitor 2000 Power

Built-in Removable • EnergyLink 2000 Power 93 Ω Terminator • Connection in Pico Fuse Socket

Coaxial Cable Connection

Each workstation can be terminated with a jumper on its network interface card. To form the two-node network, terminate the workstation (see the card instructions) and connect the two nodes. Connect the male BNC connector on the coaxial cable directly to the workstation’s network interface card. Figure 3-5 shows a simple point-to-point connection with no hub in the simplest bus topology.

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Figure 3-5. Two-Node Point-to-Point Connection

Workstation Has Jumpered Interface Card Terminator Controller Has Built-in Terminator 9000 8000 Controller Workstation A Simple Coaxial Cable Bus Topology If you want to join three nodes, you could join three 9000 controllers in a bus topology, as long as you leave the terminator in tact at both ends of the bus and remove it from the node(s) in between. The built-in 93 Ω terminator is in a pico fuse socket. When you do not want to terminate a controller, remove the terminator from the socket. Figure 3-6 shows three controllers in a bus topology network.

Figure 3-6. Three-Node Bus Topology with Terminators

9000 9000 9000 Controller Controller Controller (Terminator Removed)

With coaxial cabling, you can connect up to 19 controllers (9000s) on one continuous bus, as long as you terminate the network properly on both ends and keep the length requirements. Rule for Using Connectors and Terminators on Coaxial ARCNET-EnergyNet: Always direct connect controllers at the end of a bus with a male connector and leave the terminator on the board in tact. Always connect controllers in the middle of a bus with a coaxial T connector and remove the terminator from the board.

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A Coaxial Cable Bus Topology with Workstations You can also have a bus topology network with an 8000 workstation on either end. In this configuration, whether or not you need a terminator on the end of the bus depends on the kind of network interface card each workstation has: • With the AT card, you can terminate the connection by jumpering the appropriate terminal on the card to form a terminator right there on the card. (See the card instructions.) • With the PS/2 card, you must terminate the bus by connecting a 93 Ω terminator to the open end of the T connector. If you have all IBM or Compaq workstations on an AT bus, you can select those that terminate the network and jumper their cards. When you do this, connect the male BNC connector on the coaxial cable directly to the network interface card. You terminate the workstation with a PS/2 card by attaching a 93 Ω connector to the open end of the coaxial T connector. Figure 3-7 shows the terminated T connector on a PS/2 card.

Figure 3-7. Coaxial T Connector Terminated for PS/2 Card

93 Ω Terminator connects to a coaxial T connector to Coaxial Cable terminate PS/2 card

Connects to coaxial connector on controller

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Figure 3-8 shows how two workstations with jumpered terminators form the ends of a three-node bus topology network.

Figure 3-8. Three-Node Bus Topology with Jumpered Terminators on Workstations

9000 Controller

8000 Workstation 8000 Workstation with Jumpered with Jumpered Terminator Terminator

Rules for All Coaxial Cable Bus Topology Networks You must adhere to the following when creating an all coaxial cable bus topology ARCNET-EnergyNet: • Terminate the bus at both ends by leaving the 93 Ω terminator in tact on the controllers. You can terminate a workstation by setting the jumper on the workstation network interface card. • Connect male connectors directly to the network interface card on workstations without a T connector if terminated on a jumper on the card. • Use only Andover Controls T connectors (Andover Controls Model # 2070). • Keep the length of a bus connection at a maximum of 1,000 ft (304.8 m) for eight nodes and decrease or increase it proportionally for more or fewer nodes (see table on next page). • Keep the maximum number of nodes to 19 with a length of the bus cable limited to 200 ft (60.96 m). • Be sure each piece of cable from node to node is a minimum of 6 ft (1.82 m) long.

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We do not recommend using more than 19 nodes on a single bus. Table 3-1 shows the amount of cable allowed for from two to 19 nodes. Remember, the general rule is eight nodes per 1,000 ft (304.8 m) of cable.

Table 3-1. ARCNET-EnergyNet Bus Cable Length vs. Number of Nodes

Nodes Maximum Cable Length

2 1,428 ft (435.25 m) 3 1,356 ft (413.30 m) 4 1,285 ft (391.66 m) 5 1,213 ft (369.72 m) 6 1.141 ft (347.77 m) 7 1,070 ft (326.13 m) 8 998 ft (304.19 m) 9 926 ft (282.24 m) 10 855 ft (260.60 m) 11 783 ft (238.65 m) 12 711 ft (216.71 m) 13 640 ft (195.07 m) 14 568 ft (173.12 m) 15 496 ft (151.18 m) 16 425 ft (129.54 m) 17 353 ft (107.59 m) 18 281 ft (85.64 m) 19 210 ft (64 m)

You can extend the length of cable for a particular number of nodes using EnergyLink 2100.

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A Simple Coaxial Cable Star Topology If you try to form a three-node network by tying the three nodes together at one point in a star topology, you add a passive hub or either an EnergyLink 2100 or an EnergyLink 2000. Figure 3-9 shows a three-node star topology with a hub. In this configuration, where you use an EnergyLink 2000 or EnergyLink 2100, you must terminate all workstations or controllers, because the hub acts as a node at the end of a bus. So all nodes on this network must have terminators.

Figure 3-9. Three-Node Star Topology with a Hub

Maximum Length Bus Cable Is EnergyLink 200 ft. Each Arm 2000 Hub or (50.96 m) Off the Hub 2100 Active for Passive Is Like a Bus Link Hub, 1428 ft. (435.25 m) for Energy- Link 2000 or Energy- Link 2100 9000 8000 8000 Controller Workstation Workstation Because after three nodes, the passive hub becomes extremely unreliable, Andover does not recommend you use passive hubs. Also, since the maximum length cables you should use with a passive hub is between 100 and 200 ft, using a passive hub would restrict your network. If you use an EnergyLink 2000 instead, you can extend cable 1428 ft (435.25 m) between nodes. Remember, if you remove a node from a passive hub, the entire network is disrupted. So, even in a simple star topology where long cabling is not required, we recommend EnergyLink 2000s or EnergyLink 2100s for the greatest flexibility and reliability. See the section called Employing EnergyLink 2000s in Complex Configurations.

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Switching Cable Types with EnergyLink 2000s Fiber Optic Bus Topology with EnergyLink 2000s and 2101s Andover Controls recommends you use glass fiber optic cable for running ARC- NET-EnergyNet cable outdoors or through a high-noise environment. You may choose to form an entire bus of fiber optic cable or merely extend a coaxial network between buildings with fiber optic cable. How do you connect fiber optic cable to a controller with coaxial connector on its board? You use EnergyLink 2000 with modules for both coaxial and fiber optic cable. Or you use an EnergyLink 2101 because it has two coaxial and two fiber optic ports. You’ll need one EnergyLink 2000 or EnergyLink 2101 for each controller or workstation on the fiber optic bus. Connect each as follows: 1. Connect one end of a prepared coaxial cable to a coaxial port on the EnergyLink 2000 or EnergyLink 2101. 2. Connect the other end of the prepared coaxial cable to one side of the T connector on the controller or to the network interface card of a workstation. Be sure to run a minimum of 6 ft (1.82 m) of coaxial cable from the controller or workstation to the EnergyLink 2101 (or EnergyLink 2000). 3. Be sure the built-in terminator is in place on each controller and that each workstation’s network interface card is jumpered to terminate it. 4. Run glass fiber optic cable from a port on one EnergyLink 2101 (or EnergyLink 2000) to a port on the next EnergyLink 2101 (or EnergyLink 2000). Figure 3-10 shows a three-node fiber optic bus topology with EnergyLink 2101s.

Figure 3-10. Three-Node Fiber Optic Bus Topology

Fiber Optic Cable

EnergyLink 2101s Minimum 6 ft. (1.82 m) Coaxial Cable

9000 8000 8000 Controller Workstation Workstation

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Rules for Fiber Optic Networks If you choose to employ fiber optic cable be sure you meet the following criteria: • Follow National Electrical Code (NEC) restrictions if running cable through HVAC plenums or ducts. You can use Teflon-coated cable in this situation if the code requires it. • Be sure the amount of cable between nodes does not exceed 6,000 ft. (1,828.8 m) (See also the table at the end of this chapter.) • If cable between nodes must exceed 6,000 ft (1,828.8 m), then use EnergyLink 2101 as a repeater. See the section called Extending a Bus with an EnergyLink 2000 later in this chapter. • Be sure the overall network does not exceed 20,000 ft (6,096 m). An EnergyLink 2000 is somewhat like a network repeater because it retransmits signals, so you can also use it to extend the length of the fiber optic bus. You can also use other EnergyLink 2000s to expand the number of nodes on the network. For more information on using EnergyLink 2000s, see the section called Employing EnergyLink 2000s in Complex Configurations.

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Employing EnergyLink 2000s in Complex Configurations Distributed Star Topology with EnergyLink 2000s The most flexible way to add 8000 workstations or 9000 controllers to ARCNET- EnergyNet is through an EnergyLink 2000 or similar model. EnergyLink 2000s allow you to expand your network much further than buses or passive hubs would allow. You use several EnergyLink 2000s for groups of nodes and cascade the hubs together, forming “buses” between them. Each single arm of the star is also a bus and can have up to seven nodes on 1,000 ft (304.8 m) of coaxial cable (EnergyLink 2000 is the eighth node). This combination of bus and star topology for ARCNET- EnergyNet is called a “distributed star” topology. Figure 3-11 shows an all coaxial cable distributed star topology.

Figure 3-11. Coaxial Distributed Star Topology Network

EnergyLink 2000s

Coaxial Buses Cascading EnergyLink 2000s

Each Arm ("Spoke") EnergyLink of EnergyLink 2000 2000 Is Like a Bus

Each Arm ("Spoke") of EnergyLink 2000 Can Have up to Seven Nodes on 1,000 ft. (304.8 m) (Eight including the EnergyLink 2000)

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Figure 3-12 shows a fiber optic cable distributed star topology.

Figure 3-12. Fiber Optic Distributed Star Topology Network

EnergyLink 2000s

Fiber Optic Buses Cascading EnergyLink 2000s

Each Arm ("Spoke") EnergyLink of EnergyLink 2000 2000 Is Like a Bus

Each Spoke Is Coaxial Cable and Can Have up to Seven Nodes on 1,000 ft. (304.8 m) of Cable (Eight Nodes including the EnergyLink 2000)

Distributed star topology is the most common configuration of ARCNET- EnergyNet. You can form it with a variety of types of cabling, from coaxial cabling to fiber optic to twisted pair. Coaxial cabling is still the one that connects all nodes to the network, but you may switch to other types of cabling using EnergyLink 2000 or EnergyLink 2101 and following the criteria under the rules for each type of network given earlier in this chapter.

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Expanding the Network with EnergyLink 2000s A single EnergyLink 2000 can have up to 16 ports. Either a single node or a bus of up to seven nodes (the EnergyLink 2000 becomes the eighth) can connect to a single port. The prepared coaxial cable male BNC connector attaches to a standard port without a T connector or terminator. The other models of EnergyLink 2000 offer up to four ports. You can use them as hubs if you plan to form smaller stars. The EnergyLink 2000s offers the following expansion options: • You can have more than four nodes without losing reliability. • You need not terminate unused ports. • A fault on one cable or node does not affect other cables or nodes on the network. • You can add or remove nodes without reconfiguring the network. • You can use a cable length of up to 1,000 ft (304.8 m) between low impedance nodes. • You can have a coaxial bus off each EnergyLink port with up to seven nodes on it. Since EnergyLink 2000 (or other models of EnergyLink 2000) is considered a node of each bus it connects to, you can have only seven more nodes on 1,000 ft (304.8 m) of cable. • The total cable cascading EnergyLink 2000s (or other models of EnergyLink 2000) can be up to 4 miles (6.4 km) long. • You can cascade up to eight EnergyLink 2000s. • You can easily switch cable types at any time by inserting a module with the number and type of ports you want into one of the connectors on the EnergyLink 2000. Or you can switch cable types with EnergyLink 2101. • You can have multiple modules for various cable types, so you can have fiber optic cable on one module, coaxial cable on another, and so on—all connected at one EnergyLink 2000.

Each port on the EnergyLink 2000 has a transceiver that matches that of the controller or the network interface card of the workstation. Rules When Using EnergyLink 2000s in a Distributed Star Topology When using a distributed star topology, you must adhere to the following: • For all types of cabling, you must terminate every controller or workstation at the end of a spoke on a hub—either by leaving the 93 Ω terminator in the controller in tact or by jumpering the card on the workstation.

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• All of the restrictions given earlier for each type of cabling also apply in the distributed star configuration. • Only one end of a bus may connect to an EnergyLink 2000. • For every 1,000 ft (304.8 m) of cabling with seven nodes on the same bus, you must install one EnergyLink 2000 as a repeater. Cascading EnergyLink 2000s You can cascade EnergyLink 2000s by connecting a prepared coaxial cable to an open port on each one. Figure 3-13 shows three cascaded EnergyLink 2000 hubs.

Figure 3-13. Stacked EnergyLink 2000 Hubs Cascaded with Coaxial Cable

Coaxial Cable

Stacking EnergyLink 2000s dramatically increases the number of nodes you can have connected in one area. You can also cascade and stack other members of the EnergyLink 2000 family, but when you do, you reduce their already limited number of ports, so they are not as practical a choice for connecting multiple stars. Refer to the EnergyLink 2000 manual for further information on stacking your EnergyLink 2000s.

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Extending a Bus with an EnergyLink 2000 To increase the number of feet of coaxial cable between two controllers, you use an EnergyLink 2000, as follows:

Caution Remember that every EnergyLink 2000 series link counts as a node on the network. Each one reduces the total number of workstations and controllers you can have on the network.

1. Disconnect one male end of a connected coaxial cable from the last controller and connect it to the first open port of the EnergyLink. 2. Connect the end of a new prepared coaxial cable to a second open port of the EnergyLink. Figure 3-14 shows how the EnergyLink 2000 connection looks.

Figure 3-14. Connecting an EnergyLink 2000 to Extend a Bus

EnergyLink 2000

First Coaxial Cable Second T Connector for Coaxial Workstation with Cable PS/2 Card Connect to the Next Controller on the Network

3. Connect the new coaxial cable to the next controller or workstation on the network. 4. Be sure that the workstation is properly terminated if it is at the end of the bus.

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Planning Your Cabling Configuration When you plan your configuration, decide first how many controllers you want on the network. How are they situated? Would it be best to put them on hubs? If you have more than a few, for the best reliability and simplest troubleshooting, you should go with a star or distributed star topology. Andover Controls strongly recommends that you draw a system map, showing all cables, controllers, workstations, hubs, and other elements of each ARCNET- EnergyNet at your installation. You should draw a separate map of each ARCNET- EnergyNet. You should use the conventions described in Appendix D. When you contact our Technical Services Department for assistance, you will be required to show us a map that uses these conventions. Measuring Cable Lengths Refer to your ARCNET-EnergyNet map. For each star on the distributed star network, measure the distance from the hub to each controller, workstation, or other EnergyLink 2000, 2100, or 2101. Record the distance on the map. For a bus network, measure the distances between nodes and record them. Now add up the total and refer to the table on cable lengths and information on cabling requirements for coaxial or fiber optic cables earlier in this chapter. Selecting a Cable Type If you exceed the lengths acceptable for coaxial cable you may want to use fiber optic cable. Be sure you meet the requirements of all local ordinances and of the National Elec- trical Code (NEC), article 725, where flame resistance and smoke emissions standards are stated. Plenum rated cable, although more costly, does meet these regulations. Table 3-2 shows a selection of cable types and their order numbers. You can choose from two types of either coaxial or fiber optic cable for both plenum and nonplenum.

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Table 3-2. Coaxial and Fiber Optic Cables for ARCNET-EnergyNet

Cable Type NonPlenum Plenum

RG-62/u1 Coaxial Brand-Rex Brand-Rex #RG 62 #RG 62 Brand-Rex 62.5/125 Fiber Optic #HF062T2ZL Belden 225812 1 Andover Controls recommends RG-62/u as the standard cable for ARCNET-EnergyNet.

Be sure you have a BNC T connector for every controller. Calculating Total Delays on Long Networks On long networks sometimes signal delay occur between nodes. The total delay cannot exceed 31 µs on ARCNET-EnergyNet. Each node and cable on the network adds to the total delay of the network. Table 3-3 gives the amount of delays produced by cables and EnergyLink 2000s. You can add up the amounts to predict the delay on your network. Table 3-3. Network Delay Produced by Network Parts

Node or Cable Delay (µs)

EnergyLink 2000s 0.01/box RG-62/u 0.12/100 ft 62.5/125 0.15/100 ft

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Summary of Node Connection Rules for All ARCNET-EnergyNet Topologies You can connect a terminated workstation or controller to one of the following: • Another workstation or controller (point-to-point connection). • Any of the EnergyLink 2000s. • Either end of a bus. You can connect a workstation or controller that is not terminated to one of the following: • Anywhere on the bus except the ends. • Any of the EnergyLink 2000 series links (if controller is first node on arm of star). You can connect any of the EnergyLink 2000 series links to one of the following: • A single terminated workstation or controller. • Another link in the EnergyLink 2000 series. • Only one end of a given bus with up to 1,000 ft (304.8 m) of cable, using seven nodes. Table 3-4 shows the maximum length of cable between nodes you can use for the various cable types on particular topologies. Table 3-4. Maximum Lengths of Cable Segments for Coaxial and Fiber Optic Cabling of ARCNET-EnergyNet

Cable and Topology Maximum Cable Length

Coaxial RG-62/u Star 1,428 ft (435.25 m) Coaxial RG-62/u Bus 1,428 ft (435.25 m) for 2 nodes (minus 72 ft (21.94 m) for each extra node) Glass Fiber Optic 62.5/125 Bus 6,000 ft (1,824.8 m)

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3-20 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Ethernet-EnergyNet

Chapter 4

Understanding Ethernet-EnergyNet

This chapter covers the following: • What Is Ethernet-EnergyNet? • What Is the Hub of Ethernet-EnergyNet? • What Is the Ethernet-EnergyNet Network Interface Card?

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What Is Ethernet-EnergyNet?

The Ethernet-EnergyNet1 is a high-speed CSMA/CD local area network (LAN) of Andover Controls controllers and workstations and the network software that makes them communicate. The Ethernet-EnergyNet network drivers are NETBEUI-compatible. The workstations on the network communicate through the operating system, the Microsoft-OS/ 2 LAN Manager software. The LAN Manager uses a shared resource environment, with a file server serving all other workstations on the network. Ethernet-EnergyNet has a minimum of two controllers or a controller and a workstation, usually connected with RG-58 a/u coaxial cable. It can connect up to 254 nodes. Data transmits over the Ethernet-EnergyNet at a rate of 10 Mb/sec. Depend- ing on your particular installation, you may want to use unshielded twisted-pair, fiber optic, or coaxial cabling in a variety of combinations. You can use all three types in combination to construct a single Ethernet-EnergyNet. Ethernet-EnergyNet can be constructed as a bus or daisy chain or in a combination bus/daisy chain and star topology called “distributed star” topology. Andover’s Ethernet-EnergyNet is a baseband network, connected by up to 1,635 ft (500 m) of twisted pair cabling, 3,033 ft (925 m) of thin coaxial cable, and/or up to 19,683 ft (6,000 m) of fiber optic cable. You can have an entire network length of up 10,229 ft if you use all three types of cable (see the next chapter for more details on cabling arrangements). The number of nodes on the network depends on the type of cable you use. For each applicable segment2 of coaxial cable, you can have 30 nodes. Each segment of twisted pair or fiber optic cable connects two nodes in an arrangement called a “point-to-point” configuration. As with any baseband network, Ethernet-EnergyNet is easy to install. It requires only cabling and interface modules. You may also use EnergyLink 2500, an electronic repeater and/or cable switching box, to extend the amount of cabling to its maximum, to form a distributed star topology, and to uti- lize every type of cable available. The EnergyLink 2500 amplifies and retransmits signals so that they can travel further on the network. It also has modules that allow you to change the type of cable. You learn more about the EnergyLink 2500 later in this chapter. What Are the Nodes on Ethernet-EnergyNet? The two types of nodes on Ethernet-EnergyNet are controllers and workstations.

1. Ethernet-EnergyNet is Ethernet, developed by Xerox Corporation, combined with Andover Con- trols software. 2. Note that you cannot have 30 nodes on every segment, because of Internetwork Repeaters, discussed in the next chapter.

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The 9200 controllers are Ethernet-EnergyNet controllers. (Other controllers, called Infinet controllers, are not directly connected to the Ethernet- EnergyNet. See Chapter 6 for more on the Infinet controller network.) Each 9200 controller counts as a single node on Ethernet-EnergyNet. Each controller requires two types of IDs: • EnergyNet ID—The ID you assign strictly for use by EnergyNet. You set this ID by setting a DIP switch inside the controller. • Ethernet ID—The ID assigned by Andover Controls that allows the unit to be used on not only your Ethernet, but on a world-wide Internet. The Ethernet ID is a number that is unique for every node in the entire world. How to set the EnergyNet ID is in the installation guide for the 9200 controller. How to set the Ethernet ID is in the programmer’s guide for the Infinity or ICS controllers or in the programmer’s guide for the workstation. The 8000 workstation is a user-friendly IBM PC workstation with detailed color graphics that connects to the network. The 8000 workstation can also be a file server, storing files for other workstations on the Ethernet-EnergyNet. You can program all your controllers from a single workstation that operates as a file server, if you choose. Each workstation or server counts as a single node on Ethernet- EnergyNet. You give each workstation an ID by setting a switch on its network interface card. How to set the switch is detailed in the instructions you received with the card. Each active hub is also considered a node on the network. You set the ID of the hub as described in the EnergyLink 2500 Installation Guide. Why Is the CSMA/CD Access Method Effective? A CSMA/CD network, as discussed in Chapter 1, is one of the best methods for real-time building control systems. Ethernet-EnergyNet uses this data transmission system to transmit data rapidly, producing a highly responsive control system network.

Ethernet-EnergyNet handles all network control so that 9200 and 8000 software can ignore network control and operate more efficiently. If you remove a controller or workstation from the network, the Ethernet-EnergyNet automatically reconfigures itself and continues operating without interruption.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 4-3 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Ethernet-EnergyNet

What Is the Hub of Ethernet-EnergyNet? The hub of Ethernet-EnergyNet is EnergyLink 2500. EnergyLink 2500 is a seven-port modular active hub and cable-switching box that retransmits messages to the spokes (arms) of the hub just the way an electronic network repeater would. The hub can have up to seven modules, each with a single port. Each module can be for either coaxial, twisted pair, or fiber optic cable. Because you can interchange modules, you can have EnergyLink 2500 function as a cable switching center, if you connect the appropriate modules to it. When EnergyLink 2500 connects several nodes, it controls communication on two fronts: • Between the nodes in the star. • Between the nodes in the star and the other hubs on the network. Since fiber optic cable does not conduct electricity, when fiber optic cable connects two arms of the network, it isolates them electrically, which protects each arm from any electrical problems on another arm. Because each node has a separate transceiver, you do not encounter problems with cable loading. The EnergyLink 2500 has some other special characteristics. It detects collisions on any bus connected to it. When it detects more than 31 consecutive collisions on a single arm of a star, it automatically partitions the network at the port to that bus or star. When it partitions the network at that port, that one bus or arm is temporarily unable to communicate with the others. This partitioning protects the rest of the network from those collisions until the situation is resolved. Once the situation is resolved, the port to the bus or star begins functioning normally again. If a bus or arm has been partitioned from the network, LEDs on the EnergyLink 2500 indicate that situation. In the next few sections, you find out some basic information about the EnergyLink 2500. For more information, you can refer to the EnergyLink 2500 Installation Guide supplied with the unit.

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What Are Components of EnergyLink 2500? Figure 4-1 shows what the EnergyLink 2500 looks like before you connect the modules. (You always mount the EnergyLink 2500 inside a 9200 controller.)

Figure 4-1. EnergyLink 2500

Cutouts in Front of Enclosure for Modules

When you first see EnergyLink 2500, you see seven long narrow oval cutouts. You insert a module with a single port into the unit so that its LEDs display through the cutouts. You do not have to use all ports, only those that you need. When you order EnergyLink 2500, you order at least one module. You can use various combinations of coaxial, twisted pair, or fiber optic modules in the ports. To order EnergyLink 2500 and the modules, use the following Andover Controls model numbers: • Andover Controls Model # 2500—Seven-port Ethernet Hub (+ 5 V, powered by the 9200 controller) • Andover Controls Model # 2501—Twisted Pair Module (10BASE-T) • Andover Controls Model # 2502—Thin Coaxial Module (10BASE-2) • Andover Controls Model # 2503—Fiber Optic Module (10BASE-FL)

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 4-5 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Ethernet-EnergyNet

Figure 4-2 shows a port on a fiber optic module. Each fiber optic port connects to the end of a fiber optic cable. Each coaxial port connects to the male end of a BNC connector. Each twisted pair port connects to an RJ 11 connector.

Figure 4-2. Port for Fiber Optic Cable

LEDs That Display on EnergyLink 2500 Groove

Receive

Fiber Optic Cable Ports

Transmit

20-pin Female Connector Although the hub behaves the way a repeater would, you might not want to use it as a repeater, because you would not take advantage of the seven ports. By using various cable types in the seven ports, you can form multiple-cable-type networks. How Do You Set the Repeater Interface Controller (RIC) DIP Switch?

You set the Repeater Interface Controller DIP switch on the EnergyLink 2500 to indicate whether the hub is using a twisted pair interface controller (for twisted pair cable), an AUI interface controller (for coaxial or fiber optic cable), or some combination of both. For exact settings of the RIC DIP switch, refer to the EnergyLink 2500 Installation Guide. How Do You Read EnergyLink 2500’s LEDs?

EnergyLink 2500 also has LED lights that correspond to each module. One of the LEDs on the twisted pair modules indicates polarity reversal, a potential problem on twisted pair networks. Both twisted pair and fiber optic cable modules have an LED for detecting a broken wire on the cable segment.

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All types of cable have LEDs that indicate receiving data, collisions, and partitioning of the network at a particular arm of the hub. See Chapter 7 or the EnergyLink 2500 Installation Guide for more details on how to interpret the LEDs.

Figure 4-3. EnergyLink 2500 with Seven Modules

Modules with LEDs Displaying through Cutouts in Front of Enclosure

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 4-7 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Ethernet-EnergyNet

What Is the Ethernet-EnergyNet Network Interface Card? If you can set the EnergyNet ID of a 9200 controller by setting a DIP switch inside the controller cabinet, how do you set it on a workstation? You set it on the network interface card for the workstation. Ethernet-EnergyNet supports two types of network interface cards that let you connect workstations to the network: • Cards for IBM PC/AT and Compaq computers on an AT bus Purchase with any of the following connector types: RJ 45, AUI, BNC, or ST. • Cards for IBM PS/2 computers on a PS/2 bus Purchase with any of the following connector types: RJ 45, AUI, BNC, or ST. See your Andover Controls Representative for specific cards available. Since the workstation with a network interface card is considered a node on the Ethernet-EnergyNet, it must have not only an EnergyNet ID, but an Ethernet ID, just as all other nodes on the network have. While EnergyNet IDs for 9200 controllers range from 1 to 223, for 8000 workstations they range from 224 to 254. (EnergyNet ID number 0 is reserved by Ethernet- EnergyNet.) You set the EnergyNet ID on the card, according to the card manufacturer’s instructions. Ethernet IDs are usually preassigned when you purchase the equipment. To find the workstation’s Ethernet ID and then set it up in the SX 8000 software, refer to the SX 8000 Programmer’s Guide for instructions.

4-8 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Chapter 5

Selecting a Cabling Arrangement for Ethernet- EnergyNet

We recommend you read all of the information in this chapter before designing your own configuration. This chapter covers the following: • Understanding Cable Types • Forming a Simple Point-to-Point Configuration with Twisted Pair Cable • Forming a Star Configuration with Twisted Pair Cable • Forming a Distributed Star Configuration with Twisted Pair Cable • Understanding Thin Coaxial Cable • Forming a Simple Two-Node Bus with Thin Coaxial Cable Using T Connectors • Expanding the Simple Bus with Thin Coaxial Cable Using T Connectors • Lengthening the Thin Coaxial Cable Bus • Forming a Simple Bus with Thin Coaxial Cable Using Cable Taps • Forming a Star or Distributed Star Configuration with Thin Coaxial Cable Using EnergyLink 2500 • Forming a Two-Node Bus Configuration with Fiber Optic Cable • Lengthening the Fiber Optic Bus • Forming a Star Configuration with Fiber Optic Cable • Employing Multiple Cable Types in Long/Complex Networks • Employing Bridges in Long Networks • Planning and Setting Up a Long Network

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-1 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Understanding Cable Types When creating an Ethernet-EnergyNet, you can use any or all of the following cable types: • Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable • Thick Coaxial Cable • Thin Coaxial Cable (Thinnet or Cheapernet) • Fiber Optic Cable Before you find out how to design your network, let’s take a look at the characteristics of each type of cable. Characteristics of Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable Unshielded twisted pair cable is telephone cable. Twisted pair cable is very inexpensive and easy to install and maintain. In fact, you can sometimes put an Ethernet on spare twisted pairs available on an existing telephone system.

Caution You should always have an existing telephone system checked to be sure it is made up of twisted pair cabling before using it for Ethernet-EnergyNet. You can have the cable tested by a qualified cable installer or consultant. 10Base-T equipment manufacturers often provide twisted pair cable certification testing services.

For an Ethernet-EnergyNet you require two twisted pair cables, one for the transmit signal, the other for the receive signal. The two pairs are wrapped together in a single coating. Despite its low cost, twisted pair cable transmits data at a rapid rate with less than one error in 100 million (108) bits. A twisted pair network can have an entire network length of 1,635 ft (500 m) with segments (lengths of cable without repeaters or between two repeaters) of up to 327 ft (100 m). The cable should have a twist rate of 2 to 10 twists per foot and has a impedance of 85 to 111 Ω.

You use twisted pair cable to form an Ethernet that meets the IEEE 10Base-T specifications. Twisted Pair Network Topologies You usually run twisted pair from a central location, such as a hub inside a 9200 controller, forming a star topology LAN. Or, you can run twisted pair between two controllers, in a point-to-point topology. Figure 5-1 shows a twisted pair star topology network.

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Figure 5-1. Twisted Pair Star Topology Network

Twisted Pair Cabling Is Always Connected Point-to-Point

Each node on the twisted pair network is connected in a point-to-point arrangement, so that each segment of cable connects only two nodes (the hub is also a node). Two is the maximum number of nodes you can have on any segment of twisted pair cable. The connectors for twisted pair cable are like the twisted pair connector found on the 9200 controller, an RJ 45 connector. You cannot have bridges, taps, or T connectors on a twisted pair network; however, you can have an EnergyLink 2500 hub mounted inside a 9200 controller. Characteristics of Thick Coaxial Cable You can form a coaxial Ethernet with RG 11 coaxial cable. Because of its high cost, thick coaxial cable is rarely used for Ethernet-EnergyNet. This coaxial cable forms a network that meets the IEEE 10Base-5 specifications. A network made with this “thick” coaxial cable is expensive, but has a high tolerance for noise. You can form a thick coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet with an entire network length of up to 11,808 ft (3,600 m) with segments (lengths of cable without repeaters or between two repeaters) of up to 1,640 ft (500 m). Thick Coaxial Cable Network Topologies You set up thick coaxial cable in a bus topology by running special transceiver cable called “AUI cable” from each node to the coaxial cable. The thick coaxial bus is called the “backbone.”

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-3 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

You connect the AUI cable to the coaxial cable backbone using a special transceiver (called a “tap”), that taps into the cable. Figure 5-2.shows a thick coaxial bus topology network.

Figure 5-2. Thick Coaxial Bus Topology Network

Thick Coaxial Bus, Called the “Backbone”

For information on setting up a cabling configuration with thick coaxial cable, refer to Appendix B.

Characteristics of Thinnet Coaxial Cable You can form another type of coaxial Ethernet with RG 58 a/u or RG 58 c/u coaxial cable. Since this cable is thinner than that used for thick coaxial networks, such a network is called Thinnet. Since Thinnet coaxial cable is less expensive that other types of coaxial cable, Ethernets formed with it are sometimes called “Cheapernet.” This coaxial cable forms a network that meets the IEEE 10Base-2 specifications. Thinnet coaxial cable, unlike twisted pair cable, is a shielded cable. The shielding protects the cable from noise in the environment. A Thinnet can have an entire network length of 3,033 ft (925 m) with segments (lengths of cable without repeaters or between two repeaters) of up to 606 ft (185 m). Thin Coaxial Cable Network Topologies Using T Connectors You can set up thin coaxial cable in bus topology by connecting the cable to a T connector that you screw onto each node. Figure 5-3 shows a thin coaxial bus topology network. This one employs T connectors.

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Figure 5-3. Thin Coaxial Bus Topology Network

Terminated Nodes

Connectors and Terminators on Thin Coaxial Cable Networks The connectors for the RG-58 a/u or RG-58 c/u cable are T connectors. You can buy pieces of cable with preattached T connectors to put together 10Base-2 Ethernets. Screw-on 50 Ω terminators are required on end units of the network.

Caution Always use premade coaxial cables, rather than trying to screw BNC connectors onto the ends of cable pieces. Premade cables form the most reliable thin coaxial Ethernets.

Thin Coaxial Cable Network Topologies Using Cable Taps Instead of using T connectors, you can set up Thinnet in a bus topology by connecting each node to a transceiver (also called a “tap”). AUI cable “drops” from the bus and connects the transceiver to the controller or workstation. This cable can be up to 164 ft (50 m) long. You can purchase AUI transceivers specifically designed to attached to thin coaxial cable. Characteristics of Fiber Optic Cable Fiber optic cable is the highest performance cable you can use to form Ethernet- EnergyNet. Fiber optic cable is made of glass or plastic and transmits signals made of high intensity light. Because of its unique nature, fiber optic cable can transmit a signal for longer distances than any other type of cable available for Ethernet- EnergyNet. Fiber optic cable is also the most reliable cable; however, it is more expensive than coaxial or twisted pair. Because it is resistant to noise, fiber optic cable is the best cable for outdoor cable runs. The type of fiber optic cable you can use to form Ethernet-EnergyNet is called graded index, multimode fiber optic cable, usually 62.5/125 µm size. Throughout

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this manual, any information you see about fiber optic cable is about this 62.5/125 cable. For information on other types, refer to the manufacturer’s specifications. The 62.5/125 fiber optic cable is ideal for the wavelength of 850 nm produced by Ethernet transmitters. This wavelength, required for Ethernet-EnergyNet, operates using light emitting diodes (LEDs) to send a “signal” down the cable. Andover recommends this cable because it meets the IEEE specifications for a 10Base-FL Ethernet and it is the most economical form of fiber optic cable—ideal for building automation and process control systems. Fiber Optic Cable Topologies You must connect fiber optic cable to the Ethernet-EnergyNet by running twisted pair, thin coaxial, or transceiver (AUI) cable from the 9200 controller to the EnergyLink 2500. The 2500 becomes a media changing device, where you then connect the fiber optic cable to a fiber optic port. The network you form this way can be a bus or a star topology. Figure 5-4 shows a fiber optic bus topology network.

Figure 5-4. Fiber Optic Bus Topology Network

Fiber Optic Cable

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Figure 5-5 shows a star topology network.

Figure 5-5. Fiber Optic Star Topology Network

9200 Controller

Twisted Pair Cable

EnergyLink 2500 Hub

You can also combine these two topologies to form a distributed star topology. Regardless of the topology, each node (yes, EnergyLink 2500 is a node) on the fiber optic network is connected in a point-to-point arrangement, so that each segment (length of cable without repeaters or between two repeaters) connects only two nodes. In the case of a bus, two nodes are an EnergyLink 2500 and a 9200 controller, or an EnergyLink 2500 and a workstation. Two is the maximum number of nodes you can have on any segment of fiber optic cable. Connectors on Fiber Optic Cable Networks To connect to the fiber optic port on the EnergyLink 2500, you use ST style fiber optic connectors. Because these connectors seal the connection tightly, they retransmit the signal from the hub with a minimal loss of light intensity. Summary of Characteristics of Cable Types Table 5-1 summarizes the types of cable, the minimum and maximum cable length, the maximum network length, and number of nodes per segment for each type.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-7 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Table 5-1. Types and Characteristics of Cable for Ethernet-EnergyNet

IEEE Minimum Maximum Maximum Maximum Cable Network Segment Segment Network Nodes per Type Designation Length Length Length Segment

Twisted 327 ft 1,635 ft Pair 10BASE-T None (100 m) (500 m) 2 Thick 8.2 ft 1,640 ft 11,808 ft Coaxial 10BASE-5 (2.5 m) (500 m) (3,600 m) 100 Thin 10BASE-2 20 in 606 ft 3,033 ft Coaxial (Thinnet) (0.5 m) (185 m) (925 m) 30 Fiber 6,561 ft 19,683 ft Optic 10BASE-FL None (2000 m) (6000 m) 2

Table 5-2 lists the impedance and Belden equivalents for each cable type.

Table 5-2. Ordering Information for Ethernet-EnergyNet Cable Types

Brand-Rex * Cable Type Impedance Part Numbers

Twisted Pair 100 Ω (85 -111 Ω) BE 57562 Twisted Pair Plenum 100 Ω (85 -111 Ω) Belden #88102 Thick Coaxial RG-11 50 Ω RG 11 Thick Coaxial RG-11 Plenum 50 Ω RG 11 Thin Coaxial RG-58 a/u or c/u 50 Ω RG 58 Thin Coaxial RG-58 a/u or c/u Plenum 50 Ω RG 58 Fiber Optic 62.5/125 µm, Not Applicable HF062T2ZL (1 pr.) PVC Jacket HF062T4L (2 pr.) Fiber Optic 62.5/125 µm, Not Applicable HF062T2ZL (1 pr.) Plenum-Rated HF062T4L (2 pr.) Fiber Optic 62.5/125 µm, Not Applicable HF062S2GNM (1 pr.) Outdoor HF062S4GNM (2 pr.)

5-8 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Forming a Simple Point-to-Point Configuration with Twisted Pair Cable Twisted Pair (10Base-T) Ethernet-EnergyNet Suppose you want to connect two 8000 workstations, two 9200 controllers, or one of each. You can connect them directly from the 10Base-T connector on one 9200 controller (or the workstation interface card) to the 10Base-T connector on the other. Figure 5-6.shows the location of the 10Base-T RJ 45 connector in the upper left corner of the printed circuit board on the 9200 controller.

Figure 5-6. Location on 9200 Controller of 10Base-T RJ 45 Connector Used in Twisted Pair Configurations

10BASE-2 Coaxial 10BASE-2 10BASE 2 5T

ENL PWR Ethernet Switch 10BASE-2 10BASE-5 10BASE-5 10BASE-T AUI

Ethernet Switch 10BASE-5 10BASE-T (AUI) RJ 45 for Twisted Pair 10BASE-T

Above the RJ 45 twisted pair connector and to the right you see two Ethernet switches. Be sure to set each of these Ethernet switches to 10Base-T for twisted pair.

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Figure 5-7.shows a two-node twisted pair point-to-point configuration.

Figure 5-7. Twisted Pair Point-to-Point Configuration

Twisted Pair Cable

9200 Each Controller 9200 Controller Has Built-in Controller Twisted Pair Port Labeled 10Base-T

You connect the twisted pair cable to the 10Base-T RJ 45 connector inside the 9200 controller, on the upper left corner of the printed circuit board. The cable you use in this situation must be cross-over cable, rather than straight-through cable. (You find out the difference later.) To connect a workstation, you connect the twisted pair cable to the 10Base-T RJ 45 connector on the workstation network interface card (01-4004-014 on an AT computer or 01-4004-018 on a PS/2 computer). Two is the maximum number of nodes you can have on any segment of twisted pair cable. Each node is automatically terminated at an RJ 45 connection. It is terminated to show the node is at the end of a network—at the end of a cable or the end of an arm of a star. Since each controller or workstation has only one twisted pair port, you have now used all of the twisted pair ports available on these two controllers. So, how do you connect a third controller or workstation to this network? You form a star configuration.

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Forming a Star Configuration with Twisted Pair Cable You can connect three to six controllers with twisted pair cable by connecting them all to an EnergyLink 2500 hub. Figure 5-8.shows such a star topology network with a single star. This star has the maximum number of twisted pair cable segments allowed on an EnergyLink 2500 hub—six. Each cable connects from the hub to one other node in a point-to-point configuration. When you connect each node to the hub, you use straight-through cable, rather than cross-over cable.

Figure 5-8. Twisted Pair Star Topology Network with Maximum Number of Twisted Pair Segments Allowed on EnergyLink 2500

Twisted Pair Cable (Can Be Coaxial) 9200 Controller

Max 327 ft. (100 m) Twisted Pair Cable Twisted Pair 8000 EnergyLink Workstation 2500 Hub Cable

You can also choose to use coaxial cable to connect to Port 1 of the hub (only ports 2 through 7 can have twisted pair cables) and still have six ports left for twisted pair cable. This configuration is ideal for a small network. But what if you want to develop this network further?

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Forming a Distributed Star Configuration with Twisted Pair Cable To have more than six controllers/workstations, you can connect a segment of twisted pair cable from the EnergyLink 2500 to another EnergyLink 2500. This connection is referred to as “cascading” repeaters. Figure 5-9.shows a network with two cascaded repeaters. Each hub then allows up to four twisted pair arms—in addition to the connections to each other and to the controller at the center of the star.

Figure 5-9. Twisted Pair Distributed Star Topology Network with Two EnergyLink 2500s Cascaded Together

9200 Controllers

Max 327 ft. (100 m)

Cascaded EnergyLink 2500s

Note Remember that you can never connect twisted pair cable to Port 1 on the hub.

You can continue to cascade hubs until you have the maximum of four EnergyLink 2500s. Figure 5-10.shows an twisted pair distributed star topology with four cascaded hubs. Note that each hub has the maximum number of twisted pair cables connected to it—six. One cable always connects the 9200 at the center of the star. However, if you use coaxial cable to connect to the 9200, you can have one extra arm of twisted pair cable in each star.

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Figure 5-10. Twisted Pair Distributed Star Topology Network with Four EnergyLink 2500s Cascaded Together

Total Network Length Cannot Exceed 1,635 ft. (500 m)

EnergyLink 2500s

Max 327 ft. (100 m)

Twisted Pair Cascading EnergyLink 2500s

Twisted Pair Cable That Connects to 9200 Controller Housing the Link EnergyLink 2500

EnergyLink 2500 With twisted pair cables, be sure the cable from either a 9200 or a workstation to the EnergyLink 2500 is a straight-through cable. Cable between cascaded EnergyLink 2500s should be cross-over cable.

Figure 5-11.shows when you should use each type of cable, cross-over or straight- through. Notice which wires cross to form the correct cross-over cable.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-13 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Figure 5-11. When to Employ Twisted Pair Straight-Through or Cross-Over Cable

Straight -Through Cable

1 1 2 2 3 3 6 6

EnergyLink 2500

9200 Controller RJ 45 Connectors

1 1 2 2 3 3 6 6

EnergyLink 2500 Crossed EnergyLink 2500 inside 9200 Pairs inside 9200 inside Cross-Over Cable

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Rules for Twisted Pair Networks If you choose to employ twisted pair cable, be sure your network meets the following criteria: • Follow National Electrical Code (NEC) restrictions if running cable through HVAC plenums or ducts. You can use Teflon-coated cable in this situation if the code requires it. • Be sure the amount of cable between nodes (a single segment of cable) does not exceed 327 ft (100 m). • Be sure you never have more than two nodes on a single segment of cable. •Each EnergyLink 2500 is a node on the network. • To form a star topology, use EnergyLink 2500 as a hub. • Be sure the overall network is does not exceed 1,635 ft (500 m).

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Understanding Thin Coaxial Cable Using Coaxial Cables No matter which type of network topology you use, if you are using coaxial cable, each piece of thin coaxial cable connecting to a controller, workstation, or EnergyLink 2500 must have a BNC male connector at both ends. You should use premade cables, because premade cables provide the most trouble-free networks. Figure 5-12.shows a single piece of premade coaxial EnergyNet cable. Each piece of coaxial cable from male connector to male connector must be at least 20 in. (0.5 m) long for Ethernet.

Figure 5-12. Premade Ethernet-EnergyNet Thinnet Coaxial Cable with Connectors

20 in. (0.5 m) minimum

Male Connectors on either end of Coaxial Cable

Note Remember that a piece of cable differs from a segment. A segment of thin coaxial cable is between two repeaters or hubs. A piece of thin coaxial cable is between two controllers.

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Forming a Simple Two-Node Bus with Thin Coaxial Cable Using T Connectors Suppose you want to connect two 8000 workstations, two 9200 controllers, or one of each. To connect two nodes, you first connect a T connector to each node and terminate the nodes. Figure 5-13.shows the EnergyNet coaxial T connector (Andover Controls Model # 2070). Every T connector on the network has three ends. The bottom of the T always connects to the coaxial connector on a controller, workstation, or EnergyLink 2500 on the network.

Figure 5-13. Ethernet-EnergyNet Coaxial T Connector

Coaxial Cable Coaxial Cable

Screws onto Controller, Workstation, or EnergyLink 2500

The two sides of the T connector usually connect to a coaxial cable, but if you are terminating the network at the controller or workstation, you connect cable to one side of the T and attach a 50 Ω terminator to the other side of the T.

Where does the T connector attach to a 9200 controller? Figure 5-14.shows where you connect the coaxial connector in the upper left corner of the printed circuit board inside the 9200 controller. After you screw on the T connector, if the node should be terminated, screw a 50 Ω terminator onto the open side of the T connector, as shown in the figure.

Next, look to the right of the coaxial connector and down. You see two Ethernet switches. Be sure you set both of them to 10Base-2.

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Figure 5-14. Location on 9200 Controller of Coaxial Connector Used in Thin Coaxial Bus Configuration with Built-in Transceivers

10BASE-2 Coaxial 50 Ω Terminator Coaxial T 10BASE Connector 2 5T

ENL PWR

10BASE-2 10BASE-5 10BASE-5 10BASE-T AUI Ethernet Switches

10BASE-5 (AUI)

10BASE-T 10BASE-T RJ 45

On a workstation, the T connector screws onto the network interface card (01-4004- 016 for AT computers and 01-4004-020 for PS/2 computers). And on an EnergyLink 2500, the T connector screws onto a coaxial port. Now, connect the premade thin coaxial cables to open sides of the T connector on each node. Figure 5-15.shows how the thin coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet cable connects to the T connector.

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Figure 5-15. Ethernet-EnergyNet Thin Coaxial Cable Connecting to T Connector

Male BNC BNC T Male BNC Connector Connector Connector

Connects to Controller or Workstation

Premade Cable Premade Cable Connect to Another Node’s T Connector

Figure 5-16.shows the resulting simple point-to-point connection in a bus topology with no hub. In this situation, since each node is at an end of the network, each node must be terminated.

Figure 5-16. Two-Node Point-to-Point Bus Topology Thin Coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet with T Connectors

Controller T Connector Workstation T Connector Is on Printed Circuit Board Is on Network Interface Card Min 8.2 ft. (2.5 m) Max 606 ft. (185 m) Terminator Terminator Screws Screws on Here on Here 9200 8000 Controller Workstation

Controller and Workstation Are Both Terminated

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-19 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Expanding the Simple Bus with Thin Coaxial Cable Using T Connectors To add more controllers/workstations to the two-node bus formed with T connectors, you first screw a T connector to each new node. Then return to the two-node bus you developed earlier and remove the terminator from the end you want to extend. Connect a piece of premade cable to the open side of the T connector. Then connect the other end of the premade cable to the T connector on another node.

Repeat this process until you reach the last node. Then be sure to screw the 50 Ω terminator onto the last node. You can connect 30 nodes like this on up to 606 ft (185 m) of thin coaxial cable. Figure 5-17.shows an expanded bus topology formed with thin coaxial cable and T connectors.

Figure 5-17. Expanded Bus Topology Thin Coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet with T Connectors

Max Segment without Repeater 3,033 ft. (925 m) w/ Up to 30 Controllers

Min 8.2 ft. (2.5 m) Max 606 ft. (185 m)

The Two End Nodes Are Terminated

5-20 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Lengthening the Thin Coaxial Cable Bus Now that you have extended the thin coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet as far as possible, how do you have more than 606 ft (185 m) of cable on the network and make a network the total network length of 3,033 ft (925 m)? How do you add more than 30 nodes?1 The answer to both of these questions is that you use the EnergyLink 2500 as a repeater to build a longer network and the longer network then allows you to add more nodes, since every other 606 ft (185 m) segment allows up to 30 nodes. Why every other segment? Because once you have at least three EnergyLink 2500s, you must have inter-repeater links (IRLs). An inter-repeater link is cable that connects two repeaters, but has no controllers or workstations on it. Figure 5-18.shows where the inter-repeater links would be if you used the maximum of four EnergyLink 2500s with five segments of cable. Notice that the EnergyLink 2500s are connected to each other. This arrangement is called “cascading” hubs. You can also form inter-repeater links on a 10Base-2 Ethernet-EnergyNet using twisted pair or fiber optic cable. Be sure, however, that the segment length is not longer than allowed for that cable type.

1. Remember, however, that since EnergyLink 2500 is also a node, the number of controllers/workstations on the segment of cable may be only 29, since the EnergyLink 2500 becomes the 30th node.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-21 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Figure 5-18. Inter-Repeater Links on Thin Coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet Bus

Max 606 ft. (185 m) or Workstations Controllers 29 &

E n

a 9200 controller) in housed (each er

Max 606 ft. Controllers & No (185 m) Workstations gy

or L

nk 2

Total Network Length Cannot Exceed 3,033 ft. 3,033 (925 m) Length Exceed Cannot Total Network

0 0 s Inter-Repeater Links

or Workstations & 29 Controllers & 606 ft. (185 m)Max

n a 9200 controller) a 9200 in housed (each e

Max 606 ft. Controllers & No (185 m) Workstations

r gy

nk 250 0 s or Workstations or 29 Controllers & m) (185 606 ft. Max

5-22 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Forming a Simple Bus with Thin Coaxial Cable Using Cable Taps Another way of forming a bus with thin coaxial cable is to attach up to 164 ft (50 m) of a special cable called AUI cable to the Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) port on each 9200 controller or workstation network interface card. Figure 5-19.shows the location of the AUI port in the upper left corner of the printed circuit board on the 9200 controller. After you connect the AUI cable to the AUI port, look to the right and up. You see two Ethernet switches. Be sure you set both of them to 10Base-5. Why 10Base-5 for a 10Base-2 network? Because whenever you use the AUI port, you must always set the Ethernet switch to 10Base-5.

Figure 5-19. Location of AUI Port on 9200 Controller and Settings of Ethernet Switches When Using AUI Cable to Connect to a Thin Coaxial Cable Network

10BASE-2 Coaxial Set This Ethernet Switch to 10Base-5 10BASE 2 5T

10Base-5 AUI Port 10BASE-2 to Connect 10BASE-5 AUI Cable 10BASE-T

Set This Ethernet 10BASE-5 Switch to 10Base-5 (AUI)

10BASE-T 10BASE-T RJ 45

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-23 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

You then connect the pieces of thin coaxial cable to special transceivers (also called “taps”), so that a series of taps are lined up on the bus. The taps you can purchase to use with thin coaxial cable each have a built-in T connector (01-4006-002) so the male BNC connectors on the ends of the coaxial cable screw directly onto the taps. Figure 5-20.shows the taps along a thin coaxial bus.

Figure 5-20. Transceivers (Taps) on a Thin Coaxial Bus

T Connectors

Transceiver {

MAU Ports Each tap has a built-in T connector on one side and a Medium-Attachment Unit (MAU) port on the other. This port is where you plug in the AUI cable. Figure 5-21.shows the AUI cable connecting to the 9200 controller AUI port on one end and to the MAU port on the transceiver at the other end.

5-24 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Figure 5-21. AUI Cable Connecting 9200 Controller to Thin Coaxial Cable Transceiver Female AUI Port on 9200 Controller Male Connector on Transceiver Cable

AUI Cable Minimum of 20 in. (0.5 m) Maximum of 164 ft. (50 m)

Male Connector on MAU of Transceiver

Female Connector on Transceiver Cable

Thin Coaxial Cable Transceiver

Figure 5-22.shows the thin coaxial bus with cable taps.

Figure 5-22. Controllers Connected to Transceivers on Thin Coaxial Bus via AUI Cable

Thin Coaxial Cable Max 606 ft. (185 m) with up to 30 Taps }Transceiver AUI Cables (Between 20 in. (0.5 m) and 164 ft. Each Controller Has Built-in AUI Port (50 m)) The tap transforms the signal it receives from the AUI cable so that the signal can be sent down the coaxial cable.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-25 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

You can have as many as 30 taps on a 606 ft (185 m) segment of thin coaxial cable. The distance between each tap must be a minimum of 20 in. (0.5 m). The AUI cable to the transceiver from the controller or workstation can be up to 164 ft (50 m). Why would you use this type of bus? Because it allows you to drop a cable from a tap on the bus to the controller or workstation. If you use T connectors instead, you cannot drop any cable from, for instance, a T connector in the ceiling to the controller or workstation. With T connectors, you must run the bus directly to the T connector and have the T connector directly on the controller board or workstation network card. With AUI cable, however, you can run the bus through the ceiling and then drop down from it. This alternative, often referred to as a “cable drop,” can be extremely convenient in many installations. However, using AUI cable does add to the amount of total delay on the network and, thereby, does influence the total length of the network. You learn more about how delays influence the total length of the network later, when you attempt to use a variety of cable types in one network.

5-26 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Forming a Star or Distributed Star Configuration with Thin Coaxial Cable Using EnergyLink 2500 To put more than 30 nodes on a thin coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet, you can form stars. The way to form stars is to mount the EnergyLink 2500 inside the 9200 controller. The EnergyLink 2500 hub becomes the center of a star with a maximum of six additional thin coaxial arms. As shown in Figure 5-23, when you connect thin coaxial cable directly to the hub ports, you should screw the bottom of a T connector to the hub, terminate one side of the T connector with a 50 Ω terminator, and connect coaxial cable to the other side of the T connector.

Figure 5-23. Ethernet-EnergyNet Coaxial T Connector

50 Ω Terminator Coaxial Cable

Screws onto Coaxial Port of EnergyLink 2500

Figure 5-24.shows a thin coaxial star with an EnergyLink 2500 hub at the center. This particular network has only a single controller or workstation on each arm of the star. In this configuration, you would terminate each node and terminate the other end of each two-node bus at the EnergyLink 2500. Note that in this configuration, because you have more than two coaxial cables connecting to the hub, you must have an external power supply wired to the hub.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-27 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Figure 5-24. Thin Coaxial Star Topology Network Coaxial or Twisted Pair Cable Thin Coaxial Cable 9200 can form a star can connect to hub configuration with EnergyLink 2500

Terminated Nodes

Max 606 ft. (185 m)

External Power Supply required for Terminated more than EnergyLink Nodes two Coaxial 2500 Hub Cables on hub

You can connect the central 9200 of the star to the hub using one of two alternate types of cable: • Thin coaxial cable, running from the coaxial 10Base-2 connector inside the 9200 to a coaxial port on the EnergyLink 2500. • Twisted pair cable, running from the RJ 45 10Base-T connector inside the 9200 to a twisted pair port on the EnergyLink 2500. To further expand this star, you can add nodes onto each arm, so each one forms a bus. Figure 5-25.shows a thin coaxial star with an EnergyLink 2500 hub at the center. This particular network has a bus with up to 29 controllers/workstations on each arm of the star.

5-28 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Figure 5-25. Thin Coaxial Distributed Star Topology Network with a Single Hub Thin Coaxial or Twisted Pair Cable Can Connect 9200 to Hub

Each Thin Coaxial Arm of a Star Can Be a Bus with up to 30 Nodes

Max 606 ft. (185 m) Up to 30 Nodes

EnergyLink 2500 Hub

You terminate the node at the end of each bus and terminate the coaxial port on the EnergyLink 2500. Remember, you can also lengthen some buses with EnergyLink 2500s, as long as you never use more than four EnergyLink 2500s per network and you observe the rules concerning inter-repeater links (IRLs).

Figure 5-26.shows a distributed star topology with two cascaded hubs. Using this kind of configuration, you can have up to 150 nodes on a single star. You can have up to four cascaded hubs, but should never exceed the Ethernet-EnergyNet maximum of 50 nodes.

Caution Never cascade more than four hubs.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-29 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Figure 5-26. Thin Coaxial Distributed Star Topology Network with Two Cascaded Hubs Thin Coaxial or Twisted Pair Cable Can Connect 9200 to Hub You Can Cascade Together Multiple EnergyLink 2500s to Connect Multiple Thin Coaxial Stars

Max 606 ft. Max 606 ft. (185 m) (185 m) Up to 30 Nodes Up to 30 Nodes

If you want to put a node on the thin coaxial network with twisted pair cable, you can use a twisted-pair-to-coax adaptor (01-3004-001). The adaptor has a RJ 45 connector on one side and a male BNC connector on the other side. The adaptor is effective for up to 327 ft (100 m) of twisted pair and 327 ft (100 m) of coaxial cable. You can employ this kind of adaptor in situations where you want to connect a single node to the bus rather than forming a star. Since you can have a maximum of four EnergyLink 2500s, by using the adaptor you can save the hubs for situations where you really need them.

5-30 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

EnergyLink 2500 as a Node on Each Bus On an arm of a star, you can actually have 30 nodes—29 of them controllers or workstations and one the EnergyLink 2500. When the center of the star joins multiple buses, which bus is the EnergyLink 2500 on? It is a node on each bus that terminates at the hub. The next three figures each illustrate a way of putting together buses with the EnergyLink 2500. Figure 5-27.shows the 9200 housing the EnergyLink 2500 and both units on the same coaxial bus.

Figure 5-27. Both 9200 and Hub on Same Thin Coaxial Bus Both 9200 and hub on same Bus with Up to 28 Other Nodes Thin Coaxial bus (This cable is part of the bus)

In this arrangement, since both the EnergyLink and the 9200 are on the same coaxial bus, that bus can have only 28 other nodes, because the 9200 and the hub are the other two nodes. As shown in Figure 5-28, another way to connect the EnergyLink 2500 to a bus is to connect the bus directly to a coaxial port on the hub so that the 9200 that houses the hub is on another coaxial bus. This way, because the bus does not include the 9200 housing the hub, it can have 29 other nodes. (Although not shown, you can have up to four coaxial buses on the hub.)

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-31 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Figure 5-28. 9200 and Hub on Different Thin Coaxial Buses

Hub is on this Thin Coaxial Bus, and the 9200 that houses the Hub is on another bus (shown to the left)

Bus with Up to 28 Other Nodes

29th node on bus to left Bus with up to 29 other nodes

Figure 5-29.shows yet another alternative. This alternative is a way to join two coaxial buses that each have 29 controllers or workstations. The configuration connects each bus to an EnergyLink 2500 and has the 9200 that houses the hub connect to the hub using twisted pair cable.

Figure 5-29. 9200 Not on a Bus and EnergyLink 2500 Central Hub for Two Thin Coaxial Buses Single Central 9200 Connected to Hub with Twisted Pair Cable Other Buses Connected Directly to Hub Ports

Bus with up to 29 other nodes Bus with up to 29 other nodes

Remember, whenever you use twisted pair cable, you connect only two nodes; in this case those nodes are the 9200 and the EnergyLink 2500. Rules for Thin Coaxial Cable Distributed Star Topology Networks You must adhere to the following when creating a thin coaxial cable bus topology Ethernet-EnergyNet: • To use T connectors:

5-32 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

— Terminate the controllers at both ends of an arm by screwing a 50 Ω terminator into the T connector on each controller. To terminate a workstation, refer to the instructions included with the network interface card. — Use Andover Controls T connectors (Andover Controls Model # 2070) to connect controllers or workstations directly to the bus. • To use cable taps: — Use Andover Controls thin coaxial cable taps to tap directly into the thin coaxial cable and then run AUI cable from the tap to the controller or workstation AUI port. — Connect each controller/workstation to the cable tap with up to 164 ft (50 m) of AUI cable. •Use an EnergyLink 2500 as the center of the star. • Keep the length of an arm or cable segment at a maximum of 606 ft (185 m). • Keep the maximum number of nodes per arm to 30, including the EnergyLink 2500. This means the following: You can have up to 29 controllers and/or workstations on a bus that connects directly to the EnergyLink 2500.

On a bus that includes both the hub and the 9200 controller that houses it, you can have up to 28 additional controllers and/or workstations.

• Remember, the EnergyLink 2500 is a node on every bus that connects to it. • Be sure each piece of cable from node to node or cable tap to cable tap is a minimum of 20 in (0.5 m) long.

• Connect the EnergyLink 2500 to the controller that houses it using twisted pair cable to maximize the number of nodes on the thin coaxial bus. • You can add segments to the network using EnergyLink 2500. • Keep the total network length at a maximum of 3,033 ft (925 m).

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-33 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Forming a Two-Node Bus Configuration with Fiber Optic Cable Andover Controls recommends you use glass fiber optic cable for running Ethernet- EnergyNet cable between buildings or through a high-noise environment. You may choose to form an entire bus of fiber optic cable or merely extend another type of network between buildings with fiber optic cable. Suppose you want to connect a 9200 controller to another 9200 controller using fiber optic cable. How do you connect fiber optic cable to a controller when it has connectors for coaxial cable, twisted pair, and AUI cable, but no connector for fiber optic cable? You run either thin coaxial or twisted pair cable from the controller to an EnergyLink 2500. The EnergyLink 2500 should have at least one module for either twisted pair or thin coaxial cable. The other modules can all be for fiber optic cable. You then run fiber optic cable from one EnergyLink 2500 to another, cascading them together. Figure 5-30.shows a two-controller fiber optic bus topology network with EnergyLink 2500s (you can have the same arrangement with workstations or a controller and a workstation). You cannot have any nodes along the bus between these two controllers, because you can never have more than two nodes on a single segment of fiber optic cable.

Figure 5-30. Two-Controller Fiber Optic Bus Topology Ethernet-EnergyNet Since Thin Coaxial Cable Can Be Thin Coaxial Buses Must Be Terminated at Both or Twisted Pair Ends of the Coaxial Connector, Cable Connecting This Port on the Hub Is Terminated Controller to Hub

Fiber Optic Cable

Max 6,561 ft. (2000 m)

EnergyLink 2500s

5-34 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

You can also put workstations on the fiber optic bus by connecting cable to the fiber optic port on the network interface card of the workstation (01-4004-017 for an AT computer, 01-4004-021 for a PS/2 computer).

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-35 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Lengthening the Fiber Optic Bus To lengthen the fiber optic bus, you add another node the same way you put the first two controllers onto the bus. You can have up to four repeaters, so you can add a maximum of four controllers onto the bus. Figure 5-31.shows a four-controller fiber optic bus topology with EnergyLink 2500s. (This bus actually has eight nodes, including the EnergyLinks.)

Figure 5-31. Four-Controller Fiber Optic Bus Topology

Coaxial or Twisted Max 6,561 ft. Pair Cable (2000 m) Fiber Optic Cable

Total Network Cannot Exceed 19,683 ft. (6000 m)

5-36 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Forming a Star Configuration with Fiber Optic Cable You can also use the EnergyLink 2500 to form a fiber optic star. The EnergyLink 2500 can have up to seven fiber optic ports. You need, however, to have at least one port on each hub be either a twisted pair or coaxial cable port so that you can connect the 9200 controller to the hub. Figure 5-32.shows a four-arm fiber optic star topology with EnergyLink 2500s. Notice that this star does not require an external power supply for the hub. The hub requires external power when you have more than four fiber optic cables connected to it.

Figure 5-32. Four-Arm Fiber Optic Star Topology

Max 6,561 ft. (2000 m)

Total Network (including All Arms) Cannot Exceed 19,683 ft. (6000 m)

As you can imagine, you would soon run out of hubs this way. So how can you have a star with more controllers or workstations? One way is to connect single controllers to a fiber optic bus using thin coaxial cable and a coax-to-fiber adaptor (01-3004-002). You insert the adaptor where you have the EnergyLink 2500 on each arm of the star. The adaptor has a male BNC connector (for coaxial cable) on one side and an ST connector (for fiber optic cable) on the other side. The adaptor is effective for up to 327 ft (100 m) of coaxial cable and 3,270 ft (100 m) of fiber optic cable.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-37 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Since you can have more adaptors than hubs, you can have up to six nodes on the star by using the adaptor and still have the option of using three more hubs somewhere else. Figure 5-33.shows a six-arm fiber optic star topology with one EnergyLink 2500 and several coax-to-fiber adaptor cards. In this arrangement, you have more than four fiber optic cable ports on the hub, so you must have an external power supply for it. (The star actually has seven arms, but the seventh is formed with coaxial cable.)

Figure 5-33. Six-Arm Fiber Optic Star Topology Employing Coax-to-Fiber Adaptors

Fiber Optic Cable Connecting from EnergyLink 2500 to Adaptors Max 6,561 ft. (2000 m)

Fiber Optic Cable

Coax-to-Fiber Coaxial Cable Adaptor Connecting Controllers to Coax-to-Fiber Adaptors

To expand a small star, you could have stars on the end of each arm of the star. How?

5-38 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Figure 5-34.shows a fiber optic star topology with stars formed at each of the EnergyLink 2500s and several coax-to-fiber adaptor cards.

Figure 5-34. Multistar Fiber Optic Star Topology

Max 6,561 ft. (2000 m)

Total Network (including All Fiber Optic Arms) Cannot Exceed 19,683 ft. (6000 m)

Still, none of these examples of a fiber optic network is adequate for a good sized Ethernet-EnergyNet. How do you expand this network to take full advantage of the potential of fiber optic cable? You usually create a distributed star topology that combines multiple cable types, thus taking full advantage of the potential of not only fiber optic cable, but all types of cable. The next major section talks about using multiple cable types in a longer or more complex network. Before you proceed with the next major section, let’s take a look at how to connect fiber optic cable to the hub and calculate total signal loss.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-39 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Connecting Fiber Optic Cable to EnergyLink 2500 If the cables are fiber optic, notice that the open end of the fiber optic cable has two ST connectors. You insert them into the two jacks of a fiber optic port on the EnergyLink 2500 as follows: 1. Unscrew the plastic caps from the first pair of ports.

Caution Be sure to leave the plastic protective covers on the fiber optic cable plugs when you are not using them. If you leave them uncovered, dust could get into the plugs and interfere with network functioning.

2. Look at the cable. Notice that each end is a different color. For purposes of this explanation, let’s say one is black and the other is red. 3. On the EnergyLink 2500, insert the black plug into TRANSMIT jack and the red plug into the RECEIVE jack. 4. On the controller or workstation, insert the black plug into the RECEIVE jack and the red plug into the TRANSMIT jack. Figure 5-35 shows where to connect the cable on the fiber optic module.

Figure 5-35. Location of Receive and Transmit Plugs on Fiber Optic Cable Port of EnergyLink 2500

Receive

Fiber Optic Cable Ports

Transmit

Note Always alternate between connecting the black plug to TRANSMIT on one end and black plug to RECEIVE on the other end.

5-40 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Figure 5-36 shows how to connect fiber optic cable for any point-to-point connection on the network.

Figure 5-36. Connecting Transmit and Receive Plugs on Fiber Optic Cable

Transmit Black Red Transmit

Receive Receive Red Black

5. The same rule applies if you cascade hubs with fiber optic cable.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-41 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Cascading EnergyLink 2500s Using Fiber Optic Cable Figure 5-37.illustrates fiber optic connections for three cascaded hubs.

Figure 5-37. Cascading Three Hubs with Fiber Optic Cable

Port with Transmit Black Fiber Optic Module Receive Red

Fiber Optic Cable

Transmit Red

Ports with Receive Black Fiber Optic Modules Transmit Black

Receive Red Fiber Optic Cable

Port with Transmit Red Fiber Optic Module Receive Black

5-42 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Calculating Total Signal Loss Maximum segment length with fiber optic cable is also limited by the amount of signal loss over each segment of cable. “Signal loss” refers to a loss of signal strength and is measured in decibels (db). Fiber Optic Signal Loss Since fiber optic cable transmits light to carry data, it can carry data over a longer distance than other types of cable. However, the loss of light intensity is increased when you extend fiber optic cable over a long distance and each time you connect fiber optic cable into a patch panel. The recommended 62.5/125 diameter fiber optic cable functions properly with up to 10 db signal loss. If you have more 10 db signal loss, Andover cannot guarantee proper operation. (For other cable diameters, refer to the manufacturer’s specifications.) To ensure you do not have more than the maximum signal loss allowed for the fiber optic cable you choose, you should determine how much light intensity the cable is losing by applying the following rules: • Cable loses 1.2 db (light intensity) per 1,000 ft (304.8 m) length (4 db/km) • Cable loses .25 to 1 db per connection to a patch panel So if you have 4,000 ft of the recommended fiber optic cable connected into 6 patch panels, the total loss of light intensity is as follows: Loss for length =1.20 × 4 = 4.8 Loss for patch panels =0.25 × 6 = 1.5 Total loss of intensity = 6.3 db Since 6.3 db is within the limitation of up to 10 db signal loss, the fiber optic cable performs reliably with this much loss of intensity.

Note Always be sure to have the fiber optic installer document the total light intensity loss on fiber optic cable installed.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-43 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Rules for Fiber Optic Networks If you choose to employ fiber optic cable, be sure you meet the following criteria: • Be sure the amount of cable per segment (between nodes or between EnergyLink 2500s) does not exceed 6,561 ft (2,000 m). •Use EnergyLink 2500 at the center of a fiber optic star. • Be sure a single segment signal loss does not exceed 10 db. • Always be sure to have a fiber optic cable installer calculate the total signal loss over the network. • Be sure the total network length does not exceed 19,683 ft (6,000 m).

5-44 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Employing Multiple Cable Types in Long/Complex Networks All of the cabling examples you have seen so far in this chapter are not typical. A typical Ethernet-EnergyNet uses more than one type of cable, to maximize the total network length and to take advantage of the features of each cable type. You can formulate such a network by using EnergyLink 2500s to switch cable (media) types, as long as you do not use more than four hubs. You can also use the twisted-pair-to-coax and coax-to-fiber adaptors presented in the preceding sections. Determining Total Network Length Before you determine the cable types you should use, Andover Controls strongly recommends that you sketch a system map, showing all cables, controllers, workstations, hubs, and other elements of each Ethernet-EnergyNet at your installation. Sketch the map in pencil, so that you can make changes as you develop the network. You should use the conventions described in Appendix D. When you contact our Technical Services Department for assistance, you will be required to show us a map that uses these conventions. Be sure you meet the requirements of all local ordinances and of the National Electrical Code (NEC), article 725, where flame resistance and smoke emissions standards are stated. Plenum rated cable, although more costly, does meet these regulations. Carefully measure the distance between devices and note it on your map. For each star on the distributed star network, measure the distance from the hub to each controller, workstation, or other EnergyLink 2500. Record the distance on the map. Or, for a bus, measure the distances between nodes and record them. This distance is significant. If you have a star with five nodes and each arm of the star needs to be less than only 327 ft (100 m), you could use twisted pair for each arm of that star and hang the controller at the center of the star off of a coaxial or fiber optic bus. How far can the total network length extend? It would seem that if you add up the entire length allowed for each cable type you are using, the total is how the long total network length should be. But this is not true. Why? Because each length discussed earlier in this chapter has been determined based on the delays associated with each cable type. Unfortunately, cables are not the only devices that contribute to network delays.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-45 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Calculating Total Delay on Long Networks What does delay have to do with the network? Delay (also called “propagation delay”) lengthens the time required to transmit data to its destination on the network. Each device and each segment of cable on the network adds to the amount of delay, so that the more complex your network is, the more delay it tends to suffer. On long Ethernet-EnergyNets, the total delay cannot exceed 25.6 µs. Table 5-3 gives the amount of delay produced by each type of cable, and by each controller, workstation, and EnergyLink 2500 module type. Also included in the table is the amount of delay produced by the cable adaptors. You can add up the amounts to predict the total delay on your network. If you use any other equipment on your network, such as an adaptor or a non- Andover device, be sure to look up the delay of that piece of equipment in the manufacturer’s specifications. When you look up the delay, be sure to find the collision to jam delay rather than the device delay. The collision to jam delay is the worst possible delay generated by the equipment and you should always calculate with this possibility in mind. The collision to jam delay is the time required for a repeater (or transceiver) to detect a collision and introduce the jam signal.

Table 5-3. Network Delay Produced by Network Parts

Node or Cable Type Collision to Jam Delay (µs)

EnergyLink 2500 2501 Module 1.096 EnergyLink 2500 2502 Module 1.160 EnergyLink 2500 2503 Module 1.0868 Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable 0.1736/100 ft (0.0057/m) RG 58 a/u or c/u Thin Coaxial Cable 0.1567/100 ft (0.00514/m) RG 11 Thick Coaxial Cable 0.1320/100 ft (0.00433/m) 62.5/125 µm Fiber Optic Cable 0.1524/100 ft (0.005/m) Standard AUI Cable 0.1567/100 ft (0.00514/m) Twisted-Pair-to-Coax Adaptor 1.13 Coax-to-Fiber Adaptor 1.06

In your network map, write down the amount of delay associated with each part you are adding to the network. Then assign a cable type to each segment based on the

5-46 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

maximum segment length and maximum total network length estimated for each cable type. Next to the cable type, write down the delay for the amount of cable of that type. Now add up the total delay. If your entire network exceeds the maximum delay allowed (25.6 µs), you can break it into two (or more) networks and connect them to one another with a device called a bridge.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-47 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Employing Bridges in Long Networks Warning Never try to bridge together an Ethernet-EnergyNet and an ARCNET-EnergyNet.

To extend a network that has reached the maximum cable length, maximum signal loss, or maximum amount of signal delay, you can break the network into two (or more) separate networks and link them together with a bridge. When you use a bridge, you start a new count of cable length, signal loss, and signal delay, as if the two networks were entirely separate. You can choose either a local bridge (at the same physical location) or a remote bridge (at a distant location that you communicate with over a modem). Using Local Bridges You connect a local bridge to the network the same way you would connect a hub. Figure 5-38.shows two fiber optic buses joined by a local bridge.

Figure 5-38. Two Fiber Optic Buses Joined by a Local Bridge

Fiber Optic Cable Bridge

A bridge takes information that a controller sends down the Ethernet-EnergyNet and determines which network it should be sent to. The bridge determines the network that the information should be sent to through a process of elimination—by finding out the network it should not be sent to. For this reason, the bridge can also be a device to isolate two networks from one another; for instance, to isolate an HVAC network from the security system network. This isolation keeps the traffic on one network from interfering with the traffic on the other and vice-versa. Using Remote Bridges Remote bridges (also called Ethernet-to-T1 bridges) function about the same way as local bridges, only they pass information over a private dedicated phone line

5-48 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

called a “T1 line.” To use this type of bridge, you must have two of them, one at each site. You connect a modem to each one. Andover’s remote bridge, NB-30 (01- 3004-012), sells in pairs, since you always need two. The Channel Service Unit (CSU) required on public telephone lines is an option that can be built-in to the NB-30 bridge. The channel service unit isolates your network from the phone company’s equipment and vice versa.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-49 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Planning and Setting Up a Long Network When you plan your configuration, decide first how many controllers and workstations you want on the network. How are they situated? Would it be best to put them on hubs? If you have more than a few, for the best reliability, you should set up a mixed-cable star or distributed star topology. You should follow your system map. The remainder of this section assumes you have a system map in hand and shows you an example of a long network being designed. Suppose the network inside each building is going to have up to 29 controllers on it. In this situation, you cannot use twisted pair cable for the entire network, since you could not have that many nodes. Instead, you can use a combination of a thin coaxial bus and twisted pair stars, as required, inside each building. Suppose you start with 29 controllers and/or workstations in a row. Remember, whenever you connect more than two controllers in a row, you connect them on a bus. As long as the controllers are in the same building, you can connect them with thin coaxial cable. Figure 5-39.shows the bus.

Figure 5-39. Thin Coaxial Bus of 29 Controllers and Workstations

Terminators at Ends of Bus, on the Cable Rather Than on Particular Controllers

. . .

Note When you terminate the end units on the bus, you can choose to terminate the bus itself rather than putting the terminator directly on the unit. This way, if you later must remove the unit from the network, you then do not have to terminate the adjacent controller—the network remains properly terminated. This method may or may not be feasible, depending on the design of your network.

The 29 controllers are on a 600 ft (182.9 m) bus. This is almost the maximum segment length for thin coaxial cable.

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In this particular illustration, you see AUI cables connecting each unit to the thin coaxial bus. Remember that each AUI cable contributes some delay to the network. AUI cables add the same amount of delay per foot (meter) as RG 58 a/u or c/u thin coaxial cable does. To total the delays as you proceed, you should record the delay introduced by each cable or other device as you add it to the design of the network. Table 5-4 is a short form you use to add up delays. A longer version of the form appears in Appendix C. In this chapter, you fill out the form for the network example.

Table 5-4. Short Form for Adding Up Propagation Delays

Quantity Quantity Total Cable/ Device & Length Delay (µs) × Length Delay (µs)

To run this thin coaxial bus to another building, you must switch to fiber optic cable for the distance between buildings. Suppose that distance is 3,275 ft (approximately 1,000 m), so you need to connect approximately 3,280 ft (1,000 m) of fiber optic cable to the last 9200 controller on the network. You connect that cable by installing an EnergyLink 2500 inside the 9200 controller. To install the hub inside the 9200, you connect that controller to a standard T connector and then connect the hub to the other side of the same T connector. In this case, let’s use coaxial cable to do this. The EnergyLink 2500 needs two modules, one for the coaxial cable from the controller (2502 module) and the other for the fiber optic cable to the second building (2503 module).

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-51 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Figure 5-40.shows the extended network.

Figure 5-40. Thin Coaxial Bus Extended to Another Building Using EnergyLink 2500 and Fiber Optic Cable Coaxial Cable Fiber Optic Cable

EnergyLink 2500 29 Controllers

Once you have added these devices, you may want to subtotal the delays. Remember, you have removed one of the AUI cables, so you need only total the delay for 28 AUI cables. However, since you are connecting another coaxial cable to the EnergyLink 2500, you must count that 1.5 ft (0.48 m) as well. Table 5-5 shows that the subtotal so far is 8.5405 µs (rounding up in all cases) or approximately 8.6 µs. You can have about 17 µs more delay.

Table 5-5. Sample Adding Up Propagation Delays—First SubTotal

Quantity Quantity & Total Cable/Device Length Delay (µs) × Length Delay (µs)

600 ft 600 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Thin Coax (182.9 m) (182.9 m × 0.00514/m) 0.9402 28 AUI 28 × 8 ft 224 ft × 0.1567/100 ft 0.3510 Cables (28 × 2.44 m) (68.27 m × 0.00514/m) EnergyLink w/ One 2502 & One 1/2502 1 × 1.1600 1.1600 2503 Module 1/2503 1 × 1.0868 1.0868 1.5 ft 1.5 ft 1.5 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Thin Coax (0.48 m) (0.48 m × 0.00514/m) 0.0025 Fiber Optic 3280 ft 3280 ft × 0.1524/100 ft Cable (1000 m) (1000 m × 0.005/m) 5.0000 SubTotal 8.5405

If you want to switch back to coaxial cable, you need another EnergyLink 2500 at the other end of the fiber optic cable. Again, you need two modules, one for the fiber optic cable from the first building (2503 module) and the other for the coaxial cable inside the second building (2502 module).

5-52 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Once you switch to coaxial cable, you have another bus with 28 controllers. This bus is also 600 ft (182.9 m) long. Remember that one of the controllers is connected with 1.5 ft of coaxial cable and a T connector, so only 27 are connected to the network with AUI cable. Since you have an EnergyLink 2500 on the same bus, you have a total of 29 nodes. Why not 30? You want to leave you room for another EnergyLink 2500 should you decide to link to yet another bus with fiber optic cable. Figure 5-41.shows the network with the second bus.

Figure 5-41. Second Thin Coaxial Bus Added to Mixed Cable Network

. . .

29 Controllers and EnergyLink 2500 ⇒ 30 Nodes

. . .

28 Controllers and EnergyLink 2500 ⇒ 29 Nodes Allows Room for One More Node This second bus adds more delay to the network. Table 5-6 shows the calculation of the new delay total—still well within the 25.6 µs limit.

Table 5-6. Adding Up Propagation Delays with Second Bus

Quantity Quantity & Total Cable/ Device Length Delay (µs) × Length Delay (µs)

Thin Coax 600 ft 600 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Bus (182.9 m) (182.9 m × 0.00514/m) 0.9402 28 AUI 28 × 8 ft 224 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Cables (28 × 2.44 m) (68.27 m × 0.00514/m) 0.3510 EnergyLink w/ One 2502 & One 1/2502 1 × 1.1600 1.1600 2503 Module 1/2503 1 × 1.0868 1.0868

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-53 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Quantity Quantity & Total Cable/ Device Length Delay (µs) × Length Delay (µs)

1.5 ft 1.5 ft 1.5 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Thin Coax (0.48 m) (0.48 m × 0.00514/m) 0.0025 Fiber Optic 3280 ft 3280 ft × 0.1524/100 ft Cable (1000 m) (1000 m × 0.005/m) 5.0000 EnergyLink w/ One 2502 & One 1 ea 2502 1 × 1.160 1.1600 2503 Module 1 ea 2503 1 × 1.0868 1.0868 1.5 ft 1.5 ft 1.5 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Thin Coax (0.48 m) (0.48 m × 0.00514/m) 0.0025 Thin Coax 600 ft 600 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Bus (182.9 m) (182.9 m × 0.00514/m) 0.9402 27 AUI 27 × 8 ft 216 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Cables (27 × 2.44 m) (65.84 m × 0.00514/m) 0.3385 Total 12.0685

Suppose you then want to connect to one more building that is approximately 3,280 ft (1,000 m) away. This time, to connect the bus, since you can have only one more node, you can add a controller that is not on the second thin coaxial bus—and plug the bus directly into a coaxial port on the hub. So, you can connect the controller to the hub without putting it on the thin coaxial bus by connecting it with twisted pair cable. Again, you connect a bus to it that has 28 controllers, one connected with a T connector and the others with AUI cable. Figure 5-42.shows the third thin coaxial bus added to the network.

5-54 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Figure 5-42. Third Thin Coaxial Bus Added to Mixed Cable Network

. . .

Twisted Pair Cable connects this controller to the EnergyLink 2500 that it houses. This 9200 is not on the Thin Coaxial bus Its EnergyLink 2500 is the 30th node on the bus.

. . .

28 Controllers and EnergyLink 2500 ⇒ 29 Nodes Allows Room for One More Node

This third bus adds more delay to the network. Table 5-7 shows the calculation of the new delay total.

Table 5-7. Adding Up Propagation Delays with Third Bus

Quantity Quantity & Total Cable/ Device Length Delay (µs) × Length Delay (µs)

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-55 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Quantity Quantity & Total Cable/ Device Length Delay (µs) × Length Delay (µs)

Fiber Optic 3280 ft 3280 ft × 0.1524/100 ft (1000 m) (1000 m × 0.005/m) 5.0000 EnergyLink w/ One 2502 & One 1 ea 2502 1 × 1.1600 1.1600 2503 Module 1 ea 2503 1 × 1.0868 1.0868 1.5 ft 1.5 ft 1.5 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Thin Coax (0.48 m) (0.48 m × 0.00514/m) 0.0025 Thin Coax 600 ft 600 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Bus (182.9 m) (182.9 m × 0.00514/m) 0.9402 27 AUI 27 x 8 ft 216 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Cables (27 × 2.44 m) (65.84 m × 0.00514/m) 0.3385 8 ft Twisted Pair 8 ft 8 ft × 0.1736/100 ft Cable (2.44 m) (2.44 m × 0.0057/m) 0.0139 EnergyLink w/ One 2501, 1 ea 2501 1 × 1.0960 1.0960 One 2502, & One 1 ea 2502 1 × 1.1600 1.1600 2503 Module 1 ea 2503 1 × 1.0868 1.0868 1.5 ft 1.5 ft 1.5 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Thin Coax (0.48 m) (0.48 m × 0.00514/m) 0.0025 Thin Coax 600 ft 600 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Bus (182.9 m) (182.9 m × 0.00514/m) 0.9402 27 AUI 27 × 8 ft 216 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Cables (27 × 2.44 m) (65.84 m × 0.00514/m) 0.3385 Total 16.7064

The network still has room to grow. Suppose you now want to branch off of the third bus and have six controllers, each approximately 50 ft from a central hub. You can form a star with four controllers on twisted pair and two on coaxial cable. Although the hub has seven ports, remember, you must also have a port to plug the coaxial bus into. So, to form this star, you need another EnergyLink 2500 that has four twisted pair (2501) modules and three coaxial cable (2502) modules. Figure 5-43.shows a six-arm twisted pair star added to the network. Since you have more than three twisted pair arms on the star, you must employ an external power supply.

5-56 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Figure 5-43. Mixed Twisted Pair and Thin Coaxial Star Added to Mixed Cable Network

. . .

This controller is connected to the star using twisted pair cable. This cable is the sixth arm of the star.

This thin coaxial bus plugs directly Terminated into the Energy- Coaxial Nodes Link 2500 hub. You can extend The hub becomes each of these the 30th node on buses. the coaxial bus.

Twisted Pair Nodes

Table 5-8 shows the table totaling the additional delays.

Table 5-8. Adding Up Propagation Delays with Third Bus

Quantity Quantity & Total Cable/ Device Length Delay (µs) × Length Delay (µs)

Thin Coax 600 ft 600 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Bus (182.9 m) (182.9 m × 0.00514/m) 0.9402

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-57 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Quantity Quantity & Total Cable/ Device Length Delay (µs) × Length Delay (µs)

28 AUI 28 × 8 ft 224 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Cables (28 × 2.44 m) (68.27 m × 0.00514/m) 0.3510 EnergyLink w/ One 2502 & One 1/2502 1 × 1.1600 1.1600 2503 Module 1/2503 1 × 1.0868 1.0868 1.5 ft (0.48 m) 1.5 ft 1.5 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Thin Coax (0.48 m) (0.48 m × 0.00514/m) 0.0025 Fiber Optic 3280 ft 3280 ft × 0.1524/100 ft (1000 m) (1000 m × 0.005/m) 5.0000 EnergyLink w/ One 2502 & One 1 ea 2502 1 × 1.1600 1.1600 2503 Module 1 ea 2503 1 × 1.0868 1.0868 1.5 ft (0.48 m) 1.5 ft 1.5 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Thin Coax (0.48 m) (0.48 m × 0.00514/m) 0.0025 Thin Coax 600 ft 600 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Bus (182.9 m) (182.9 m × 0.00514/m) 0.9402 27 AUI 27 x 8 ft 216 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Cables (27 × 2.44 m) (65.84 m × 0.00514/m) 0.3385 8 ft Twisted Pair 8 ft 8 ft × 0.1736/100 ft Cable (2.44 m) (2.44 m × 0.0057/m) 0.0139 EnergyLink w/ One 2501, 1 ea 2501 1 × 1.0960 1.0960 One 2502, & One 1 ea 2502 1 × 1.1600 1.1600 2503 Module 1 ea 2503 1 × 1.0868 1.0868 1.5 ft (0.48 m) 1.5 ft 1.5 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Thin Coax (0.48 m) (0.48 m × 0.00514/m) 0.0025 Thin Coax 600 ft 600 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Bus (182.9 m) (182.9 m × 0.00514/m) 0.9402 27 AUI 27 × 8 ft 216 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Cables (27 × 2.44 m) (65.84 m × 0.00514/m) 0.3385 EnergyLink w/ Four 2501 & 4 ea 2501 4 × 1.0960 4.3840 Three 2502 3 ea 2502 3 × 1.1600 3.4800 Module

5-58 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

Quantity Quantity & Total Cable/ Device Length Delay (µs) × Length Delay (µs)

Two Thin Coaxial 2 × 327 ft 654 ft × 0.1567/100 ft Arms of Star (2 × 100 m) (200 m × 0.00514/m) 1.0280 One 1.5 ft (0.48 m) Twisted 1.5 ft 1.5 ft × 0.1736/100 ft Pair Cable (0.48 m) 0.48 m × 0.0057/m 0.0026 Three Twisted 3 × 327 ft 981 ft × 0.1736/100 ft Pair Cables (3 × 100 m) (300 m × 0.0057/m) 1.7100 Total 27.6495

The new total exceeds the limit of 25.6 µs delay on the network. Now, you must decide to remove something from the network. You could remove two arms from the star and remove their twisted pair modules from the EnergyLink 2500. When you do, you save 3.3274 µs delay on the network—enough to reduce the delays to 24.3225 µs so that you are not only within the limit, but also have a small margin for error. You can see, based on this illustration, that planning your network is extremely important. Otherwise, you could quickly exceed the amount of delay allowed and have to redesign the network while you are installing it, which is not a good idea. Let’s summarize the general guidelines for setting up mixed-cable network.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-59 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

General Guidelines for Mixed-Cable Distributed Star Topology Ethernet-EnergyNets The following are some guidelines to formulating a network of multiple cable types: • If you have a thin coaxial bus in a distributed star topology, you have three options when connecting a controller or workstation to an EnergyLink 2500: — Add the hub to the same bus as the controller that houses it by running the cable through a T connector to connect to the controller, then run the cable to the hub. — Connect one thin coaxial bus directly to a coaxial port on the hub, so that the controller that houses the hub is on another bus, whether it be thin coaxial or twisted pair. — Using twisted pair cable, connect the controller that houses the hub and have other coaxial buses connect directly to the hub. • If you have a fiber optic bus, use thin coaxial cable to connect a controller or workstation to the main bus via a coax-to-fiber adaptor. This way, you can have a longer fiber optic cable bus. • If you have a thick coaxial bus, use AUI cable to connect a controller to a transceiver on the bus. • If you have a thin coaxial bus, you can use AUI cable and run it to a transceiver adaptor that has a built-in T connector. Using AUI cable allows you to drop up to 164 ft (50 m) of cable from the bus on a 10Base-2 network. • If you have a thin or thick coaxial bus that must run between buildings for a while, use fiber optic cable for those runs and coaxial cable inside the buildings. • If you plan to extend your network for a long distance, plan on using repeaters to maximize the length.

• If you reach the maximum signal loss allowed or the maximum signal delay allowed, you need to start a new network. You can then use a bridge to connect the two Ethernet-EnergyNets together. • For coaxial cabling, you must terminate every controller or workstation at the end of a spoke on a hub—either by screwing a 50 Ω terminator onto the T connector of a controller or by terminating the workstation according to the network interface card instructions. You can also screw the terminator onto the end of the bus itself. Twisted pair RJ 45 connections are automatically terminated. Other types of cable do not require nodes be terminated.

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• If you have a fiber optic star, you can also use AUI cable to connect a node to a cable adaptor or a hub that has an AUI port. • You cannot have more than four EnergyLink 2500s without losing reliability. • When you have at least three repeaters, you must have inter-repeater links (IRLs). An inter-repeater link is cable that connects two repeaters, but has no controllers or workstations on it. IRLs can be made of any type of cable, as long as they do not exceed maximum segment length for the cable type. • If you remove a node from a star, as long as all other nodes are properly terminated, the missing node does not have any effect on the others. If you remove a node from a bus, as long as the bus remains terminated, the missing node does not have any effect on the other nodes. • You can have a thin coaxial bus off each EnergyLink 2500 coaxial port with up to 29 nodes on it. Since EnergyLink 2500 is considered a node of each bus it connects to, you can have only 29 more nodes on a coaxial bus. EnergyLink 2500 is a node on each network arm it connects to. • You can easily switch cable types using the EnergyLink 2500 or with small cable adaptors. • You can have multiple modules on an EnergyLink 2500, each for various cable types, so you can have fiber optic cable on one module, coaxial cable on another, and twisted pair on a third, as long as you never connect twisted pair cable to Port 1. • You can cascade up to four EnergyLink 2500s. • The total cable cascading EnergyLink 2500s (or other EnergyLink products) can be up to the maximum segment length for that cable type.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 5-61 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Cabling Configuration for Ethernet

5-62 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

Chapter 6

Understanding and Cabling Infinet

This chapter covers the following: • What Is Infinet? • What Is the Twisted Pair Hub of Infinet? • What Is the Fiber Optic Link of Infinet? • Forming Twisted Pair Infinet Configurations • Employing InfiLink 200 in Star Configurations • Forming Mixed Fiber Optic and Twisted Pair Infinet Configurations • Employing InfiLink 210 in an Extended Daisy-Chain • Employing InfiLink 210 in Star Configurations • Planning Your Cabling Configuration

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 6-1 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

What Is Infinet?

The Infinet is a high-performance, token-passing local area network (LAN) of An- dover Controls Infinet controllers (called Infinet controllers) and the network software that makes them communicate. The Infinet network drivers are Andover Controls own software and work with the operating system. The environment is a combination of shared resource and peer- to-peer, where more than one controller can be the network master at a time. Infinet has a minimum of one Infinet controller connected with twisted pair cable to a 9000 series controller. Data transmits over the Infinet at a rate of up to 19.2 KB/ sec. Although Infinet has a token-passing data access system, it can have a combination of daisy-chained bus and star topology like the distributed star topology of EnergyNet. You can have a total of up to 4,000 ft (1,219.2 m) of Infinet cable daisy chained from Infinet controller to Infinet controller for every 31 Infinet controllers on one arm of a star. After 31 nodes or 4,000 ft (1,219.2 m) you require an InfiLink 200 or InfiLink 210 as a repeater to add more nodes to the network or further extend the cabling. Using an InfiLink 210 allows you to extend the length of Infinet with fiber optic cable, recommended for running cable between buildings and through noisy environments. You can have a maximum of 127 nodes on one Infinet with InfiLink 200 or 210. Each node has an Infinet ID that you assign in the software. (See the Infinity Controller Programmer’s Guide or the ICS Controller Programmer’s Guide for the for details on how to set the Infinet ID.) Infinet passes the token from the lowest ID number to the highest. What Are the Nodes on Infinet? Nodes on the Infinet are a variety of Andover Controls Infinet controllers, including the following: • 900 series controllers • 800 • 810 • 850 series controllers • 860 series controllers • 870 • 890 series controllers

6-2 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

The 127 controllers on Infinet referred to throughout this chapter are regular Infinet controllers, like those listed above. You can have an additional 31 priority controllers, which include the following: • 250 display units • 280 laptop tools • 700 series controllers Priority controllers require more frequent and more rapid responses than other controllers, so Infinet responds to them more quickly. Unlike the EnergyLink 2000 and 2500, the Infinet hubs, InfiLink 200 and InfiLink 210, are not counted as nodes on the network and do not have an ID assigned to them. Why Is Token Passing Effective? Token passing, as discussed in Chapter 1, is one of the best data transmission methods for real-time building or process control systems because data of a particular length is always transmitted in a given amount of time. Token passing allows Infinet to not only accept data of any length, but also automatically acknowledge receiving data and automatically check for errors, giving all nodes equal access to the network. Infinet handles all network control so that the software can ignore network control and operate more efficiently. Because Infinet is a token-passing network, you can disconnect one node from the network at any time without interrupting the building control system (except, of course, for the loss of that node).

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 6-3 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

What Is the Twisted Pair Hub of Infinet? If you are using strictly twisted pair cable for your Infinet, the hub you can use to form stars is InfiLink 200. InfiLink 200, like EnergyLink 2000 or 2500, is both an electronic repeater and a central active hub in one device. InfiLink 200 amplifies and retransmits signals so that they can travel further on the network. InfiLink 200 is a five-port active hub that accepts twisted pair cabling only. Each of the five ports is an RS-485 port. The link has, however, an RS-232 port, designed for a modem. You can also use the link as an active link, rather than a hub. To use a modem in the RS-232 port, you need a forced-answer, forced-originate modem so that you can extend the Infinet from building to building over distances of more than 1 mile (1.609 km). To use modems, you must install a dedicated phone line connecting the modem in the first building to the one in the next. When InfiLink 200 connects several nodes as a hub, it controls communication on two fronts: • Between the nodes in the star. • Between the nodes in the star and the other hubs on the network. For information on installing InfiLink 200, setting its baud rate, and interpreting its LEDs, see the InfiLink 200 Installation Guide supplied with the unit. What happens if you want to switch to fiber optic cable on Infinet? In this situation, instead of using InfiLink 200, you can use InfiLink 210, presented in the next section.

6-4 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

What Is the Fiber Optic Link of Infinet? If you are planning to run your Infinet between buildings or through a noisy environment, the hub you can use to form that part of Infinet is InfiLink 210. InfiLink 210, like InfiLink 200, is both an electronic repeater and a central active hub in one device that amplifies and retransmits signals so that they can travel further on the network. What makes it different from the InfiLink 200 is that it has built-in ports for fiber optic cable, so you need no cable adaptors and it is a three-port active hub that is designed specifically to extend Infinet with fiber optic cable. The link has one RS-485 port where you wire the twisted pair cable from the Infinet you are extending, and two other ports designed to connect fiber optic cable with ST connectors. To properly install the fiber optic cable on Infinet, you need two InfiLink 210s, one in the first building and another in the second. At the second link, you wire the continuation of the twisted pair cable connecting the controllers. The InfiLink 210 can be a hub at the center of a small star with two fiber optic arms. When InfiLink 210 connects several nodes as a hub, it controls communication on two fronts: • Between the nodes in the star. • Between the nodes in the star and the other hubs on the network. For information on installing InfiLink 210, setting its baud rate, and interpreting its LEDs, see the InfiLink 210 Installation Guide supplied with the unit.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 6-5 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

Forming Twisted Pair Infinet Configurations You always begin by wiring a single cable of Infinet at a 9000 series controller. You daisy chain twisted pair cabling from the 9000 series controller to the first Infinet controller. You then daisy chain the cabling from Infinet controller to Infinet controller as described in the installation guide for each controller. No special connectors are required to connect Infinet. The incoming and outgoing cables both connect at the Infinet terminal block connector on each controller. In this type of network you do not have to terminate controllers. No minimum cable length is required between nodes, but if the entire Infinet exceeds 4,000 ft (1,219.2 m) without an InfiLink 200 or 210 as a repeater, the network will fail. When planning, be careful to measure out the distance you plan to run the cable. Also, be sure not to exceed the maximum number of InfiLink 200 or 210s. You can have up to 10 InfiLink 200s and/or 210s in an entire Infinet. Extending the Infinet with InfiLink 200 To extend the Infinet with InfiLink 200, proceed as follows: 1. Connect the InfiLink 200 to the last node on the cable. 2. Then connect another piece of twisted pair cable to a different port on the InfiLink 200. Figure 6-1.shows an Infinet extended using an InfiLink 200.

Figure 6-1. Infinet Extended Using InfiLink 200

InfiLink 200

6-6 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

Employing InfiLink 200 in Star Configurations Port 1 on the first InfiLink 200 must connect to the arm of the star coming in from any 9000 series controller. You can run 4,000 ft (1,219.2 m) of cabling between the 9000 controller and the first InfiLink 200. Port 1 on InfiLink 200 must connect to an incoming cable. For details on how to wire the link, see the InfiLink 200 Installation Guide. You can have up to 31 controllers on each of the other four ports. This means that by using one InfiLink 200 as an active hub, you can connect 127 Infinet controllers in a star to a 9000 controller. Figure 6-2.shows a twisted pair distributed star topology Infinet. Using Modems with InfiLink 200 You can also extend the Infinet by having modems in two buildings you are connecting. Before you can use special modems to connect Infinet, you must have a specially conditioned, clean, dedicated telephone line installed. Contact your telephone company to install the line. To connect a modem to the InfiLink 200, connect the RS-232 cable on the modem to the RS-232 port on the link. You must have an InfiLink 200 and modem at each end of the telephone line. Follow the modem instructions to set it to the correct mode.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 6-7 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

Figure 6-2. Twisted Pair Distributed Star Topology Network

Coaxial EnergyNet Cable

Infinet controllers InfiLink 200

9000 series Controller on EnergyNet Bus

Infinet Cables

Up to 4,000 ft. (1,219.2 m)/31 Controllers per Arm of Star with Four Arms1 (No Minimum Cable Length between Nodes)

1 You can have up to 31 controllers on each of four arms of the star. The fifth arm, which connects the star to the 9000 series controller, may also have controllers on it, but only if you do not exceed a maximum of 127 controllers on the entire network.

6-8 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

Forming Mixed Fiber Optic and Twisted Pair Infinet Configurations You have seen that the Infinet controllers are designed to connect to the twisted pair Infinet cable. So, what do you do if you want to extend the Infinet between buildings with fiber optic cable? You use the InfiLink 210 to form a mixed fiber optic and twisted pair configuration. Extending the Infinet with InfiLink 210 To extend the Infinet to another building (or through a noisy environment) with InfiLink 210, proceed as follows: 1. Connect the first InfiLink 210 to the last node on the Infinet cable in Building 1 using twisted pair cable. You connect the twisted pair cable to the InfiLink’s RS- 485 Infinet port. 2. Connect one end of a fiber optic cable to a Port 1 or Port 2 on the first InfiLink 210 and run the fiber optic cable to the second InfiLink 210. 3. Connect the other end of a fiber optic cable to Port 1 or Port 2 on the second InfiLink 210. 4. Connect twisted pair cable from the RS-485 Infinet port of the second InfiLink 210 to the first controller on the Infinet cable in Building 2. Figure 6-3 shows an Infinet extended using InfiLink 210s.

Figure 6-3. Infinet Extended Using InfiLink 210s

InfiLink 210s Joined with Fiber Optic Cable

You can also cascade (stack) up to four InfiLink 210s in a row to extend Infinet even further.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 6-9 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

Figure 6-4.shows an Infinet extended using more than two InfiLink 210s. In this configuration, you daisy chain the InfiLink 210s together.

Figure 6-4. Infinet Extended Using More Than Two InfiLink 210s

InfiLink 210s Joined with Fiber Optic Cable

For more details, refer to the InfiLink 210 Installation Guide. In the next section, you see how you can employ the InfiLink 210 in a more complex configuration.

6-10 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

Employing InfiLink 210 in an Extended Daisy-Chain Figure 6-5.shows a large extended daisy chain configuration, where multiple InfiLink 210s are cascaded and each has its own Infinet connected to the Infinet port.

Figure 6-5. Extended Daisy Chain Employing InfiLink 210s

Coaxial EnergyNet Cable InfiLink 210s Fiber Optic Cables

9000 series Controller on EnergyNet Bus Each Fiber Optic Cable Infinet Segment Cables Can Usually Be Up to 6,561 ft. (2,000 m)1

Each Infinet Can Have Up to 4,000 ft. (1,219.2 m)/31 Controllers for Each Chain to an InfiLink 210. Maximum Number of Controllers is 127 for the Entire Extended Infinet.

(No Minimum Cable Length between Infinet Controllers)

1 You must calculate the total signal loss on the fiber optic network and be sure that you do not exceed the 10 db limit for signal loss on the entire network. To calculate the signal loss, refer to the subsection on Limiting Cable Signal Loss Over Fiber Optic Cable, later in this chapter.

You can also form stars with InfiLink 210, as shown in the next section.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 6-11 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

Employing InfiLink 210 in Star Configurations The Infinet port on the first InfiLink 210 must connect to the arm of the star coming in from any 9000 series controller. You can run 4,000 ft (1,219.2 m) of twisted pair cabling between the 9000 controller and the first InfiLink 210. Port 1 and Port 2 on InfiLink 210 can then each have a single fiber optic arm connected to it. These arms can have up to 6,561 ft (2,000 m) of fiber optic cable, as long as the light intensity loss on the fiber optic cable does not exceed 10 db per cable segment (including any patch panels or other devices on the network). The other end of each fiber optic arm must then connect to another InfiLink 210 so that you can connect twisted pair cable to the Infinet once again. Note that you cannot have any controllers on the fiber optic cable. This cable’s purpose is to extend the length of the Infinet or to run it between buildings. You can have up to 31 controllers on each arm of the star. By using one InfiLink 210 as an active hub, you can connect a star containing up to 127 Infinet controllers to a 9000 series controller.

6-12 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

Figure 6-6.shows a mixed fiber optic and twisted pair distributed star topology Infinet employing the InfiLink 210.

Figure 6-6. Mixed Twisted Pair and Fiber Optic Distributed Star Topology Infinet Employing InfiLink 210

Coaxial EnergyNet Cable Infinet Controllers Each Fiber Optic Cable InfiLink 210 Segment Can Usually Be Up to 6,561 ft. (2,000 m)1

9000 series Controller on EnergyNet Bus Fiber Optic Twisted Pair Cables InfiLink Cables 210

InfiLink 210 Infinet Controllers

Up to 6,561 ft. (2,000 m)1 of fiber optic cable can be on each arm of the star and then up to 4,000 ft. (1,219.2 m) of twisted pair cable per arm with up to 31 Controllers2 (No Minimum Cable Length between Infinet Controllers)

1You must calculate the total signal loss on the fiber optic network and be sure that you do not exceed the 10 db limit for signal loss on the entire network. To calculate the signal loss, refer to the subsection on Limiting Cable Signal Loss Over Fiber Optic Cable, later in this chapter.

2 Do not exceed the maximum of 127 controllers on the entire Infinet.

You can also extend the stars so that you have multiple branches off each arm. You extend the stars by using more InfiLink 210s.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 6-13 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

Figure 6-7.shows a mixed fiber optic and twisted pair distributed star topology Infinet employing the InfiLink 210.

Figure 6-7. Extended Mixed Twisted Pair and Fiber Optic Distributed Star Topology Infinet Employing InfiLink 210

Coaxial EnergyNet Cable Infinet Controllers InfiLink Each Fiber Optic Cable 210 Segment Can Usually Be Up to 6,561 ft. (2,000 m)1

9000 series Controller on EnergyNet Bus Fiber Optic Twisted Pair Cables InfiLink Cables 210

InfiLink 210

Infinet Controllers

2 Do not exceed the maximum of 127 controllers on the entire Infinet.

6-14 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

Limiting Cable Signal Loss Over Fiber Optic Cable Since fiber optic cable transmits light to carry data, it can carry data over a longer distance than other types of cable. However, the loss of light intensity is increased when you extend fiber optic cable over a long distance and each time you connect fiber optic cable into a patch panel.

Caution Always be sure to have the fiber optic installer document the total light intensity loss on fiber optic cable installed.

The recommended 62.5/125 diameter fiber optic cable functions properly with up to 10 db signal loss. If you have more 10 db signal loss, Andover cannot guarantee proper operation. (For other cable diameters, refer to the manufacturer’s specifications.) To ensure you do not have more than the maximum signal loss allowed for the fiber optic cable you choose, you should determine how much light intensity the cable is losing by applying the following rules: • Cable usually loses 1.2 db (light intensity) per 1,000 ft length (4 db/km), but the amount varies depending on the grade of cable and the manufacturer (refer to the manufacturer’s specifications for exact light intensity loss of the cable you are using). • Cable loses .25 to 1 db per connection to a patch panel So if you have 4,000 ft of the recommended fiber optic cable connected into 6 patch panels, the total loss of light intensity is as follows: Loss for length =1.20 × 4 = 4.8 Loss for patch panels =0.25 × 6 = 1.5 Total loss of intensity = 6.3 db Since 6.3 db is within the limitation of up to 10 db signal loss, the fiber optic cable will perform reliably with this much loss of intensity.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 6-15 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

Planning Your Cabling Configuration When you plan your configuration, decide first how many controllers you want on the Infinet. How are they situated? Would it be best to put them on hubs? Andover Controls strongly recommends that you draw a system map, showing all cables, controllers, hubs, links and other elements of each Infinet at your installation. You should draw a separate map of each Infinet and use the conventions described in the next section. When you contact our Technical Services Depart- ment for assistance, you will be required to show us a map that uses these conventions. Infinet Map Drawing Conventions Figure 6-8.shows the symbols you should use to draw your system map.

Figure 6-8. Symbols for Drawing an Infinet Map

Twisted Pair Cable Type, ### ft.

Fiber Optic Cable Type, ### ft.

################ Name ### ### Model No.

InfiLink 200

Draw a triangle for each Infinet node and label it with its Infinet ID, name, and model number. Draw a plain rectangle for each InfiLink 200. Draw twisted pair cable as a straight line and fiber optic as a dotted line. In each case, indicate the type (such as Anixter) and the length in feet.

6-16 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

Selecting a Cable Type Table 6-1 shows a selection of Infinet cables for different purposes and their order numbers.1

Table 6-1. Twisted Pair Cables for Infinet

Cable Type Brand-Rex No.

NonPlenum1 Twisted Pair Brand-Rex #H 9002 Plenum Twisted Pair Anixter #9J2401021

1 Andover Controls recommends single-pair twisted pair cabling as standard for Infinet.

The cable should have a nominal impedance of 100 Ω and a nominal velocity of propagation of 78%. Capacitance of Infinet cable should be nominal, below 12.5 pF/ft between conduc- tors and below 22 pF/ft between the conductor connected to ground and the next conductor. If you plan to run Infinet between buildings without a fiber optic cable, you should have lightning arrestors at each location that Infinet enters and exits a building. Use the following arrestor: Two pair combination gas tube/silicon avalanche arrestor, Andover Controls # 01-2100-299.

1. You may also use any cables you already have in place for ACNET or LBUS—Brand-Rex H 9002 (two-pair) and H 9003 (three-pair). However, be sure to tape back any extra wire pairs.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 6-17 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Infinet

6-18 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LEDs on Links

Chapter 7

Interpreting LEDs on EnergyLinks and InfiLinks This chapter covers the following: • Understanding EnergyLink 2000 LEDs • Understanding InfiLink 200 LEDs • Understanding EnergyLink 2500 LEDs • Understanding InfiLink 210 LEDs • Understanding Keypad Errors on the 900 or 810

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 7-1 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LEDs on Links

Understanding EnergyLink 2000 LEDs Figure 7-1 shows the LEDs on the EnergyLink 2000 and the 2100 and 2101. The illustration points out each LED type and explains how it normally responds.

Figure 7-1. Normal Flashing Patterns of LEDs on EnergyLinks

EnergyLink EnergyLink 2000 LEDs 2100 or 2101* LEDs

Activity LEDs on Main LEDs Module 1 2 3 4 Flashes for 1 sec to indicate the EnergyNet Recon is reconfiguring.

+PWR Activity 4 Activity 3 –PWR Remain constantly on to indicate internal positive Activity 2 and negative power supplies Activity 1 are functioning properly. Timing Reconfig Timing Flashes whenever the EnergyLink is receiving and retransmitting signals.

Activity LEDs flash on and off continuously to indicate their corresponding ports are receiving EnergyNet signals. *EnergyLink 2100 has fiber optic ports for Ports 2 and 3.

The subsections that follow give more detail the kind of response you can expect from each LED.

7-2 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LEDs on Links

Interpreting Normal LED Responses +PWR LED

The self-monitoring EnergyLink 2000 continually monitors its internal positive DC power to verify voltage does not drop 10% below its rating. If the +PWR LED (to the right of the rightmost module on the EnergyLink 2000) does not light up after you power up the hub and all controllers or workstations on EnergyNet, the internal positive power supply is not functioning properly. Contact Andover Controls Technical Services or your Andover Controls representative. –PWR LED

The self-monitoring EnergyLink 2000 continually monitors its internal negative DC power to verify it is operating within an acceptable power range. If the –PWR LED (to the right of the rightmost module on the EnergyLink 2000) does not light up after you power up the hub and all controllers or workstations on EnergyNet, the internal negative power supply is not functioning properly. Contact Andover Controls Technical Services or your Andover Controls representative. TIMING LED

The TIMING LED normally indicates that the EnergyLink is receiving and retransmitting EnergyNet signals. If the TIMING light is not lit while the EnergyLink is on, the EnergyLink is defective. Contact Andover Controls Technical Services or your Andover Controls representative. ACTIVITY LED

An ACTIVITY LED should always be off when no cable is in its associated port. If the LED is on instead, contact Andover Controls Technical Services or your An- dover Controls representative. Interpreting Flashing Lights RECONFIG or RECON LED

The RECONFIG or RECON LED flashes on for 1 sec to indicate the EnergyNet is reconfiguring whenever you routinely add a node to or remove one from the EnergyNet. An occasional flashing of this LED is normal and necessary. However, if this LED remains steadily on or flashes repeatedly, it indicates frequent reconfigurations, which can lower EnergyNet performance. It can also mean you have duplicate IDs or hardware failure. Normally, all ACTIVITY LEDs flash on and off continuously, indicating that the corresponding port on the EnergyLink 2000 is receiving EnergyNet signals. If the ACTIVITY LED for one arm of the star flashes brightly while the other LEDs dim,

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 7-3 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LEDs on Links

a single node on that arm of the network could have a problem, or a segment of the cable could be defective. If any of these or other problems occur, contact Andover Controls Technical Ser- vices or your Andover Controls representative. Responding When +PWR and –PWR LEDs Do Not Light Up If the neither the +PWR nor the –PWR LED is lit, the fuse powering the EnergyLink 2000 may be blown. Open the fuse box on the front of the EnergyLink 2000 as follows: 1. Turn off the power to the EnergyLink 2000 by depressing the switch on the front, above the power cord receptacle. 2. Unplug the power cord from the front receptacle. 3. Locate the fuse box between the power switch and the power cord receptacle on the front panel. Notice the small grove along the upper wall inside the power cord receptacle. The groove is just below the surface.

Figure 7-2 shows the groove. You use this groove to wedge open the fuse box.

Figure 7-2. Groove to Wedge Open Fuse Box—Inside Power Cord Receptacle on Front of EnergyLink 2000

0 On/Off Switch

Fuse Box Cover Groove

Power Cord Receptacle

4. Gently wedge the end of a flathead screwdriver in the groove beneath the fuse box cover and lift to remove the cover. 5. Remove the fuse clipped inside of the fuse box cover and check it. If the wire inside is broken, the fuse is blown. 6. If the fuse is blown, replace it with the spare fuse (encased inside the fuse box cover) or another fuse of the same type.

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7. Close the fuse box. 8. Reattach the power cord. 9. Turn on the EnergyLink 2000 power switch. 10. If the +PWR and –PWR LEDs do not light up on power up, contact Andover Controls Technical Services or your Andover Controls representative.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 7-5 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LEDs on Links

Understanding InfiLink 200 LEDs Figure 7-3 shows the LEDs on the InfiLink 200. The illustration points out each LED and explains how it responds under normal conditions.

Figure 7-3. Normal Flashing Patterns of LEDs on InfiLink 200

InfiLink 200

RD and TD for RS-232 port flash on and off continuously RD TD to indicate communication between the modem on the RD TD port and the InfiLink 200. 5 RD TD 4 RD TD RD and TD flash on and off 3 continuously to indicate their RD TD corresponding ports are receiving 2 RD TD and transmitting Infinet signals. 1 Power

Power LED should Port 1 transmits light up and remain data to and from on while power is on. the 9000 controller.

Interpreting Normal LED Responses RD and TD for RS-232 (Top of InfiLink)

The RD and TD LEDs at the top of the InfiLink 200 represent action on the comm port of the 9000 controller the Infinet connected to by modem. These LEDs flash to indicate that the InfiLink 200 is receiving and transmitting Infinet signals. RD and TD for Ports 2 through 5

The RD and TD LEDs for ports 2 through 5 flash on and off to indicate their corresponding ports are receiving and transmitting Infinet signals. RD and TD for Port 1

The RD and TD LEDs for port 1 flash on and off to indicate the 9000 controller is receiving and transmitting Infinet signals.

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You must use Port 1 for the incoming Infinet cable and at least one of the other four ports for an outgoing Infinet cable. If Port 1 does not connect to a 9000 controller or another InfiLink 200, move the cables so it does. Baud Rate Setting on InfiLink 200 The baud rate set on the InfiLink 200 dial should match the rate set for Infinet in the software. Check the comm port BAUD attribute setting using PR or open the comm port window using the Edit menu, then check the baud rate setting on the front of InfiLink 200. Checking Fuse on InfiLink 200 If AC power to the InfiLink 200 fails but power is actually available, check the 3 A 250 V slow blow AC power fuse located in the lower left quadrant of the InfiLink 200 printed circuit board. If any problems occur, contact Andover Controls Technical Services or your Ando- ver Controls representative.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 7-7 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LEDs on Links

Understanding EnergyLink 2500 LEDs Figure 7-4 shows the location of the LEDs for each module on the EnergyLink 2500.

Figure 7-4. Location of LEDs on EnergyLink 2500

LEDS

The following describes how the LEDs on the EnergyLink 2500 modules respond once the 9200 controller is powered up. Interpreting LED Responses LEDs on Twisted Pair Modules

Figure 7-5 shows the LEDs on the twisted pair modules.

Figure 7-5. LEDS for Twisted Pair Cable Modules (2501)

POL LNK COL PAR RD

• POL for Polarity (Red)—Lights up if a cable polarity reversal has been detected. (Cable reversal is not a problem; the EnergyLink 2500 corrects for it.) • LNK for Link (Green)—Remains on at all times unless the hub detects a broken wire. • COL for Collision (Red)—Turns on for 50 ms whenever the controller detects collision on the network. • PAR for Partition (Yellow)—Turns on and remains steadily on when excess numbers of collisions occur on a segment and force a cable segment to

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temporarily “separate” from the network. This process is called “partitioning.” The arm of the network connected to this port remains partitioned from the rest of the network until you diagnose and correct the problem. The problem is often with a cable. After you diagnose the problem, you can press the RESET button, explained in the next section, Responding to Excessive Collisions. Or, you can wait for a successful transmission of a valid packet; then the arm of the network is automatically activated without you pressing RESET. • RD for Receive Data (Green)—Lights up for 50 ms whenever the controller detects received data. LEDs on Coaxial Modules

Figure 7-6 shows the LEDs on the coaxial cable modules.

Figure 7-6. LEDs for Coaxial Cable Modules (2502)

COL PAR RD

Figure 7-7 shows the LEDs on the fiber optic modules.

Figure 7-7. LEDS for Fiber Optic Cable Modules (2503)

LNK COL PAR RD

• LNK for Link (Green)—Remains on at all times unless the hub detects a broken fiber cable or bad connection.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 7-9 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LEDs on Links

• COL for Collision (Red)—Turns on for 50 ms whenever the controller detects collision on the network. • PAR for Partition (Yellow)—Turns on and remains steadily on when excess numbers of collisions occur on a segment and force a cable segment to temporarily “separate” from the network. This process is called “partitioning.” The arm of the network connected to this port remains partitioned from the rest of the network until you diagnose and correct the problem. The problem is often with a cable. After you diagnose the problem, you can press the RESET button, shown in the next section, Responding to Excessive Collisions. Or, you can wait for a successful transmission of a valid packet; then the arm of the network is automatically activated without you pressing RESET. • RD for Receive Data (Green)—Lights up for 50 ms whenever the controller detects received data. If you run into problems with the network after powering up a unit with an EnergyLink 2500, contact your Andover Controls representative. Responding to Excessive Collisions Whenever the PAR light remains steadily on, you must diagnose the problem on your network. You can leave the network up and running while you diagnose the problem as long as you do not remove any modules from the EnergyLink 2500. Then, once the problem is resolved, you can press the RESET button to verify that the problem is resolved. If the problem still exists, the PAR light turns steadily on again. If the problem does not exist, the arm of the network begins to function normally again and PAR remains off.

7-10 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LEDs on Links

Understanding InfiLink 210 LEDs Figure 7-8 shows the LEDs on the InfiLink 210. The illustration points out each LED type and explains how it normally responds.

Figure 7-8. Normal Flashing Patterns of LEDs on InfiLink 210

InfiLink 210

300 1210 2400 9600 19210 BAUD RATE RD and TD flash on and off continuously to indicate their PORT 1 PORT 1 TD RD corresponding ports are receiving PORT 2 PORT 2 and transmitting Infinet signals. TD RD INFINET INFINET TD RD POWER

Power LED should light up and remain on while power is on.

Interpreting Normal LED Responses Notice that three sets of green and yellow lights appear on the front and center of the enclosure. The top pair of (green and yellow) lights indicates the status of fiber optic Port 1. The middle pair of lights indicates the status of fiber optic Port 2. The bottom pair of lights indicates the status of the INFINET port. TD LED

Each yellow light, labeled TD, flashes to indicates data is being transmitted over the fiber optic cable or through the INFINET port. RD LED

Each green light, labeled RD, flashes to indicates data is being received over the fiber optic cable or through the INFINET port.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 7-11 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LEDs on Links

POWER LED

The single red light labeled POWER indicates the InfiLink 210 is receiving power. Baud Rate Setting on InfiLink 210 The baud rate set on the InfiLink 210 dial should match the rate set for Infinet in the software. Check the comm port BAUD attribute setting using PR or open the comm port window using the Edit menu, then check the baud rate setting on the front of InfiLink 210.

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Understanding Keypad Errors on 900 or 810 Errors messages that indicate problems on Infinet may appear on the LCD of the 900 or 810 keypad. Only one error displays at a time, but the others are logged. For a total number of errors, you can display the Errors system variable in the LCD or check the Error Count in the Infinet Controller window.

To determine how many times reconfigurations have occurred on the Infinet, check the value of the Reconfigs attribute for the comm port of the Infinet. You may also want to check the InfinetErrCount and InfinetErrTime attributes of the Infinet controller. You can press any key to clear the error from the LCD. Error 1 Infinet data has been corrupted or noise has occurred on Infinet. Check the wiring. Noise on the network could mean faulty wiring. Error 2 Infinet could not pass a token to the next Infinet controller and the network may have reconfigured. Check the wiring. A token passing failure could mean faulty wiring. Error 3 Input reference voltage is too high or too low. If this error occurs, call your Andover Controls representative. Error 4 Output reference voltage is too high or too low. Most likely a hardware failure. If this error occurs, call your Andover Controls representative. Error 5 Either the controller reset itself or someone pressed RESET. Or the controller lost power and ran on the battery for a while. You may want to check the POWERFAIL system variable to see if it is ON.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide 7-13 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LEDs on Links

7-14 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Preparing Cables

Appendix A

RS-232 Port Pinouts for Controllers and Workstations This appendix shows the cables required to connect workstations and controllers— over modem and directly. If you choose, you may use a standard 25-pin ribbon cable for directly connecting from a PS/2-based workstation to a 9200 controller or to a modem that connects to a controller. You should always use a cable with the required pinouts. The cable that connects from an AT-based workstation to a 9200 controller or modem that connects to a controller is a 9-pin cable with different pinouts.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide A-1 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Preparing Cables

Figure A-1 shows the required and optional pinouts for cables connecting any of the following: • Terminal to a Controller — A VT100 terminal or a PS/2-based terminal emulator directly to a 9000/9200/220/240 controller — An AT computer running a terminal emulator directly to a a 9000/9200/220/240 controller • Modem to a Controller — A modem to a 9000/9200/220/240 controller • Modem to a Workstation — A modem to a PS/2-based SX 8000 workstation — A modem to an AT-based SX 8000 workstation • Workstation to a Controller — A PS/2-based workstation to a 9000/9200/220/240 controller directly — An AT-based workstation to a 9000/9200/220/240 controller directly

A-2 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Preparing Cables

Figure A-1. Pinouts for Cables Connecting to RS-232 Ports on Workstation, Controller, and Modem

Connecting Terminals to Controllers

Female End Female End Connecting to VT100 Connecting to or IBM PS/2 (25-pin) Controller

TD 2 2 TD RD 3 3 RD

GND 7 7 GND

Female End Female End Connecting to Connecting to IBM AT (9-pin) Controller

RD 2 2 TD TD 3 3 RD

GND 5 7 GND

Connecting Modem to Controller

Female End Female End Connecting to Connecting to Modem Controller

TD 2 2 TD RD 3 3 RD RTS 4 4 RTS CTS 5 5 CTS DSR 6 6 DSR GND 7 7 GND CXD 8 8 CXD

DTR 20 20 DTR

Infinity Network Configuration Guide A-3 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Preparing Cables

Figure A-1. Pinouts for Cables Connecting to RS-232 Ports on Workstation, Controller, and Modem (cont)

Connecting Modem to IBM PS/2 Workstation

Female End Female End Connecting to Connecting to Modem IBM PS/2 Workstation

TD 2 2 TD RD 3 3 RD RTS 4 4 RTS CTS 5 5 CTS DSR 6 6 DSR GND 7 7 GND CXD 8 8 CXD

DTR 20 20 DTR

Connecting Modem to IBM AT Workstation Female End Female End Connecting to Connecting to Modem IBM AT Workstation (9-pin)

1 CXD TD 2 2 RD RD 3 3 TD RTS 4 4 DTR CTS 5 5 GND DSR 6 6 DSR GND 7 7 RTS CXD 8 8 CTS

DTR 20

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Figure A-1. Pinouts for Cables Connecting to RS-232 Ports on Workstation, Controller, and Modem (cont)

Connecting Controller Directly to IBM PS/2 Workstation Female End Female End Connecting to Connecting to Modem IBM PS/2 Workstation

TD 2 2 TD RD 3 3 RD RTS 4 4 RTS CTS 5 5 CTS

GND 7 7 GND

Connecting Controller Directly to IBM AT Workstation

Female End Female End Connecting to Connecting to Modem IBM AT Workstation (9-pin)

TD 2 2 RD RD 3 3 TD RTS 4 CTS 5 5 GND

GND 7 7 RTS 8 CTS

Infinity Network Configuration Guide A-5 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Preparing Cables

A-6 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Thick Coaxial Configuration for Ethernet

Appendix B

Using Thick Coaxial Cable for Ethernet-EnergyNet

Although it is not common, you can choose to form your Ethernet-EnergyNet with thick coaxial cable, RG 11. If you choose thick coaxial cable, we recommend you read all of the information in this chapter before designing your own configuration. This chapter covers the following: • Forming a Simple Bus Configuration with Thick Coaxial Cable • Lengthening the Thick Coaxial Cable Backbone

Infinity Network Configuration Guide B-1 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Thick Coaxial Configuration for Ethernet

Forming a Simple Bus Configuration with Thick Coaxial Cable Suppose you want to connect two 8000 workstations, two 9200 controllers, or one of each. You cannot connect them point-to-point, but instead you hang them on a thick coaxial bus. Before you can hang them on the bus, you connect a special cable called AUI cable to the Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) port (labeled 10Base-5) on each 9200 controller. Figure B-1 shows the location of the 10Base-5 AUI port in the upper left corner of the printed circuit board on the 9200 controller.

Figure B-1. Location on 9200 Controller of 10Base-5 AUI Port Used in Thick Coaxial Cable Configurations

10BASE-2 Coaxial 10BASE-2

10BASE 2 5T

10BASE-5 AUI ENL PWR Ethernet Port Switch to Connect 10BASE-2 Transceiver 10BASE-5 Cable 10BASE-T

Ethernet Switch

10BASE-5 (AUI)

10BASE-T RJ 45

10BASE-T

To the right of the AUI connector you see two Ethernet switches. Be sure to set each of these Ethernet switches to 10Base-5.

B-2 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Thick Coaxial Configuration for Ethernet

You then set up the thick coaxial cable in a bus topology by connecting each AUI cable to the coaxial cable bus (called a “backbone”) using a special transceiver (called a “tap”), that taps into the cable. On the tap is a Medium-Attachment Unit (MAU) port where you plug in the other end of the AUI cable. Figure B-2 shows the AUI cable connecting to the 9200 controller AUI port on one end and to the MAU port on the transceiver at the other end.

Figure B-2. AUI Cable Connecting 9200 Controller to Thick Coaxial Cable Transceiver

Female AUI Port on 9200 Controller Male Connector on Transceiver Cable

AUI Cable Minimum of 20 in. (0.5 m) Maximum of 164 ft. (50 m)

Male Connector on MAU of Transceiver

Female Connector on Transceiver Cable

Thick Coaxial Cable Transceiver

The cable to the transceiver from the controller or workstation must be a minimum of 20 in. (0.5 m) and can be a maximum of 164 ft (50 m). You purchase such cable separately, with an AUI transceiver already attached to the cable. On a workstation, the AUI port is on the network interface card (01-4004-015 for an AT computer and 01-4004-019 for a PS/2 computer). Figure B-3 shows two nodes on a thick coaxial bus topology network.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide B-3 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Thick Coaxial Configuration for Ethernet

Figure B-3. Thick Coaxial Bus Topology Network

Transceiver Transceiver (Tap) (Tap) Coaxial Cable

Transceiver Cable MAU Port on Each Tap Transceiver Cable Each Controller Has Built-in AUI Connector Port

9200 9200 Controller Controller

For Ethernet-Energynet, you can have up to 1,640 ft (500 m) of RG 6 thick coaxial cable for a single backbone. You must terminate the backbone at both ends using 50 Ω terminators.

You can easily add more nodes to the thick coaxial bus. However, the number of nodes and distance between nodes varies, depending on how you choose to tap into the backbone. Let’s take a look at the alternative methods. Using a Transceiver to Tap into Ethernet-EnergyNet The tap (transceiver) you use for Ethernet-EnergyNet should comply with IEEE 802.3 standard. This type of tap determines whether or not the coaxial cable is being used by another node; when the cable is not being used, the transceiver allows the node to send data down the cable. The transceiver also detects collisions and warns the node. Taps available through Andover Controls (01-4006-001) have a special feature called “Jabber Latch.” If a single node on Ethernet-EnergyNet begins to continuously transmit (jabber), the Jabber Latch shuts down the transmitter on the unit’s tap to avoid network problems that might result. You can install these transceivers at regular intervals marked on the cable. Standard 10Base-5 cable is manufactured with these “tap points” marked on the cable every 8.2 ft (2.5 m). You can skip some tap points to leave longer distances between nodes. You can put up to 100 nodes on the 1,640 ft (500 m) cable segment this way.

B-4 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Thick Coaxial Configuration for Ethernet

Tapping Directly into Ethernet-EnergyNet Suppose you want to break down the 1,640 ft. (500 m) segment of thick coaxial cable into several segments that do not occur at regularly marked tap points on the 10Base-5 cable. If you use the premarked tap points, you don’t have to worry about signal reflections; however, if you want to tap in at other locations on the cable, you must minimize signal reflections so that the network runs smoothly. To minimize signal reflections, IEEE standards recommend that you break the cable into segment lengths that are each an exact odd multiple (result of multiplying by an odd number) of 76.75 ft (23.4 m), but do not exceed 1,640 ft (500 m), the maximum cable segment length. You would need one or more of the following segment lengths: • 76.75 ft (23.4 m) • 230.25 ft (70.2 m) • 383.75 ft (117.0 m) • 1,640.00 ft (500 m) Although these segment lengths are optimal, you may not find them useful in your installation. Such segment lengths would also reduce the number of nodes you can put on the entire Ethernet-EnergyNet. Installing Thick Coaxial Transceivers Normally you can install transceivers on the backbone in two possible ways: • By cutting the coaxial cable and installing connectors that screw onto the transceiver. Since you must cut the coaxial cable, Andover does not recommend this method. If the network is running, the segment becomes temporarily unusable during the tapping process. •(The method Andover Controls recommends) By using a non-intrusive “vampire” tap, named for the way it pierces the cable without disrupting the network. This tap clamps onto the cable. Since this method is “non-intrusive” and does not disrupt network traffic, you can tap into an active network this way. Taps available through Andover Controls are always non-intrusive taps. You can purchase a transceiver (01-4006-001) with a built-in vampire tap and you can purchase a special installation kit to install this type of tap (01-4005-005).

Infinity Network Configuration Guide B-5 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Thick Coaxial Configuration for Ethernet

Lengthening the Thick Coaxial Cable Backbone Now that you have extended the segment of thick coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet as far as possible, how do you have more than 1,640 ft (500 m) of cable on the network and make a network the total network length of 11,808 ft (3,600 m)? How do you add more than 100 nodes? The answer to both of these questions is that you use a repeater to build a longer network and the longer network then allows you to add more nodes, since every other 1,640 ft (500 m) segment allows up to 100 nodes. Why every other segment? Because once you have at least three repeaters, you must have inter-repeater links (IRLs). An inter-repeater link is coaxial cable that connects two repeaters, but has no controllers or workstations on it. Figure B-4 shows where the inter-repeater links would be if you used the maximum of four repeaters with five segments of cable. You can also form inter-repeater links on a 10Base-5 Ethernet-EnergyNet from twisted pair, thin coaxial, or fiber optic cable. Be sure, however, that the segment length is not longer than allowed for that cable type.

B-6 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Thick Coaxial Configuration for Ethernet

Figure B-4. Inter-Repeater Links on Thick Coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet Repeaters Inter-Repeater Links Inter-Repeater Repeaters

Infinity Network Configuration Guide B-7 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Thick Coaxial Configuration for Ethernet

Rules for Thick Coaxial Cable Bus Topology Networks You must adhere to the following when creating a thick coaxial cable bus topology Ethernet-EnergyNet: • Terminate the bus at both ends by screwing a 50 Ω terminator onto each end of the bus cable. You often terminate a workstation the same way, however, refer to the instructions included with the network interface card. • Use only Andover Controls T connectors (Andover Controls Model # 2070). • Keep the length of a bus segment at a maximum of 1,640 ft (500 m). • Keep the maximum number of nodes per segment to 100. • Be sure each piece of AUI cable is a minimum of 20 in. (0.5 m) long. • You can add segments to the network using EnergyLink 2500. • Keep the total network length at a maximum of 11,808 ft. (3,600 m).

B-8 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Propagation Delays on Ethernet

Appendix C

Totaling Propagation Delays for Ethernet-EnergyNet

We recommend you read all of the information in Chapter 5 before you proceed to set up an Ethernet-EnergyNet. This appendix contains a blank form for adding up propagation delays when you set up your network. For complete instructions on how to use this form, see the example in Chapter 5. Remember, the total delay cannot exceed 25.6 µs.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide C-1 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Propagation Delays on Ethernet

Table C-1. Form for Adding Up Propagation Delays

Cable Total Cable/ Device Length Delay (µs) × Length Delay (µs)

C-2 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Mapping Conventions

Appendix D

Mapping Conventions for Andover Networks

Andover Controls strongly recommends that you draw a system map, showing all cables, controllers, workstations, hubs, and other elements of each EnergyNet at your installation, whether ARCNET or Ethernet. You should draw a separate map of each EnergyNet. You should use the conventions described in this appendix. When you contact our Technical Services Department for assistance, you will be required to show us a map that uses these conventions. This appendix covers the following: • ARCNET-EnergyNet Map Drawing Conventions • Ethernet-EnergyNet Map Drawing Conventions

Infinity Network Configuration Guide D-1 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Mapping Conventions

ARCNET-EnergyNet Map Drawing Conventions Figure D-1 shows the symbols you should use to draw a system map.

Figure D-1. Symbols for Drawing an ARCNET-EnergyNet Map

Coaxial Cable Type, ### ft. Fiber Optic Cable

Nonterminated Node ### ################ Name #### Model No.

### Terminated Node ################ Name T #### Model No.

EnergyLink. Indicate Model No. in each of the slots: 1 1 2 2 1 = Model No. 2001 2 = Model No. 2002 3 = Model No. 2003

You draw a circle for each node. Replace the pound signs to the right of each circle with the name or model number of the node. Label each circle with the EnergyNet ID of the node. Be sure to indicate that a node is terminated by labeling it with the T.

Indicate each EnergyLink hub as a rectangle with four slots, one for each module. Label each slot with 1 for Model No. 2001, 2 for 2002, or 3 for 2003. Draw the cable that connects the nodes, using straight lines for coaxial and dotted lines for fiber optic. In all cases, indicate the type of cable (such as RG-62) and the length in feet. Figure D-2 shows a sample network. Notice how on the EnergyLink the drawing indicates which module the cable is connected to.

D-2 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Mapping Conventions

Figure D-2. Example of an ARCNET-EnergyNet Map

RG-62/u, 120 ft. (36.57 m) Floor3 9000 4 3 T Floor4 9500 RG-62/u, 200 ft. (60.96 m)

Floor2 9100 2

RG-62/u, 150 ft. (45.72 m)

1 1 2 2 RG-62/u, 12 ft. (3.65 m) RG-62/u, 300 ft. (91.44 m) 62.5, 2500 ft. (762 m) 5

Floor1 T 9000 1 Building2 1 1 2 2 9100 T 62.5, 1500 ft. (457.2 m) 1 1 2 2 5

T Building2 RG-62/u, 20 ft. 9100 (6.09 m)

Infinity Network Configuration Guide D-3 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Mapping Conventions

Ethernet-EnergyNet Map Drawing Conventions Figure D-3 shows the symbols you should use to draw your system map. If you are not yet sure of the cable type on any particular segment of the network, leave it blank and you can fill it in later. You draw a circle for each node. Replace the pound signs to the right of each circle with the name or model number of the node. Label each circle with the EnergyNet ID of the node. Be sure to indicate that a node is terminated by labeling it with the T. Remember that all nodes connected via twisted pair cable are automatically terminated. Indicate each EnergyLink hub as shown in the illustration on the next page, indicating seven ports, one for each module. Label each port with 1 for Model No. 2501, 2 for 2502, or 3 for 2503. Draw the cable that connects the nodes, using straight lines for coaxial and dotted lines for fiber optic. In all cases, indicate the type of cable (such as RG 58) and the length in feet.

D-4 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Mapping Conventions

Figure D-3. Symbols for Drawing an Ethernet-EnergyNet Map

Thin Coaxial Cable Type, ### ft.

Fiber Optic Cable Thick Coaxial Cable Twisted Pair Cable

Nonterminated Node ### ################ Name #### Model No.

### Terminated Node ################ Name T #### Model No.

2 EnergyLink 2500. Indicate Model No. in each port: 3 2 1 = Model No. 2501 1 3 2 = Model No. 2502 1 3 3 = Model No. 2503

Bridge — T1 Bridge. Indicate the type of bridge inside the rectangle.

Adaptor. Label F2C for fiber-to-coax or TP2C for twisted-pair-to-coax.

Figure D-4 shows a sample network. Notice how on the EnergyLink 2500, the drawing indicates which module the cable is connected to. Among the units that are terminated are several nodes connected via twisted pair cable. These nodes are automatically terminated. (You can mark cable lengths in either feet or meters.)

Infinity Network Configuration Guide D-5 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Mapping Conventions

Figure D-4. Example of an Ethernet-EnergyNet Map

RG-58 a/u, 202 ft. (62 m)

Floor3 9200 1 3 T Floor4 9200 RG-58 a/u, 202 ft. (62 m)

Floor2 9200 5 2 Floor4 T 9200 UTP, 327 ft. (100 m) RG-58 a/u, 202 ft. (62 m)

1 4 2 UTP, 327 ft. 1 3 (100 m) T 2 3 RG-62/u, 3 ft. (1 m)

RG-58 a/u, 404 ft. (124 m) 62.5/125 7 3000 ft. (900 m) T Floor1 62.5/125 9200 6 1500 ft. Building2 (450 m) F2C 9200 T

3 9 1 Building3 1 T 9200 8 Bldg3Security 9200 T UTP, 327 ft. (100 m)

D-6 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LAN Terminology

Glossary

LAN Terminology

Infinity Network Configuration Guide Glossary-1 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LAN Terminology

1BASE5 802.3 A baseband network that applies the A set of standards that govern the use of the StarLAN IEEE standard, transmitting data carrier-sense multiple access with collision at 1 Mbps. Allows you to use up to 500 m detection (CSMA/CD) network access (1,640 ft) segments. The name means the method, the access method used by following: 1 = 1 Mbps data transfer rate, Ethernet. BASE = baseband, 5 = 500 m segment length. 802.4 A set of standards that govern the use of the 10BASE2 token bus network access method, the A thin coaxial baseband network that access method used by EnergyNet. applies the Ethernet IEEE standard, transmitting data at 10 Mbps. Allows you to 802.5 use 185 m (606 ft) segments. The name A set of standards that govern the use of the means the following: 10 = 10 Mbps data token ring network access method. transfer rate, BASE = baseband, 2 = 200 m segment length (almost). 802.6 10BASE5 A set of standards that govern the use of the metropolitan area networks network access A twinaxial baseband network that applies system. the Ethernet IEEE standard, transmitting data at 10 Mbps. Allows you to use up to 802.9 500 m (1,640 ft) segments. The name means the following: 10 = 10 Mbps data A set of standards that govern the use of the transfer rate, BASE = baseband, 5 = 500 m integrated data and voice network access segment length. method. 10BASE-T 3270 and 5250 A 24-gauge unshielded twisted-pair IBM protocols for high speed serial baseband network that applies the Ethernet interface, used with IBM mainframes and IEEE standard, transmitting data at 10 various peripherals. Data transfer rates Mbps. Allows you to use up to 100 m (327 range from 1.2 Mbps to 52 Mbps. ft) segments. The name means the AARP (Apple Address Resolution following: 10 = 10 Mbps data transfer rate, Protocol) BASE = baseband, T= twisted-pair wire over 100 m nominal segment length. Network protocol developed by Apple Computer for the AppleTalk 3+ network. Works similarly to the Address Networking system formulated by 3COM resolution protocol (ARP). Corporation that applies protocols from two different sources—XNS (Xerox ABI (Application Binary Network Systems from Xerox Corporation) Interface) and Microsoft/IBM PC LAN. An interface that goes with AT&T’s UNIX system V Release 4. You use this interface to enable binary compatibility between applications that run on UNIX and on other operating systems.

Glossary-2 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LAN Terminology

AC (Access Control) address In a network, a byte of computer memory An identifier that you assign to a particular that holds the access token (see token) and network and/or to a particular node on a the frame priority (see frame) information. network (such as a network ID on Exists on Ring topology networks only. EnergyNet) so that the network or node can receive and reply to messages. Resembles a access method street address in that it indicates how to find The way that several networked nodes gain and communicate with the device. access to the network to transmit or receive data. AFP (AppleTalk Filing Protocol) An AppleTalk network protocol that accounting management governs access to file systems over a One of five categories of network network. Designed for Apple Macintosh management that the ISO has defined. computer networks. System that reports the cost of network resources that are being used by individuals ALAP (AppleTalk Link Access and groups. Protocol) An AppleTalk network protocol (link level) acknowledgment (ACK) that governs the transmitting of packets of An EnergyNet transmission message sent information on LocalTalk. Designed for to acknowledge either successfully Apple Macintosh computers. receiving a data packet or a data buffer is available on the destination node. amplifier An electronic device that you place in a active device specific location on the network to boost A device that supplies current for the the electronic signal strength so it can travel network. See passive device. further on the network. active hub analog signal Electronic devices that have two functions An electrical signal that uses magnitude to on EnergyNet—1. Retransmitting messages transmit information. to every node on the network. 2. Isolating network nodes so that a fault on a node or analog recording cable does not affect the rest of the network. Method of transmitting data that converts it Each bus/arm of a distributed star topology from digital to analog format. network connects to a single port on an active hub. ANSI—American National Standards Institute active open Group that defines standards in the United Client performs this operation to States. This group represents the United establish a TCP connection with a server. States in the ISO (See ISO). The client must have the server address.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide Glossary-3 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LAN Terminology

API (Application Program ARCNET-EnergyNet Interface) ARCNET-EnergyNet is a 2.5 Mbps token Preprogrammed routines that include a passing protocol that is made up of standardized and consistent presentation to controllers, workstations, coaxial cable, the the user of operating system functions. NETBIOS drivers, Andover Controls Made available to programmers to ensure software and the OS/2 LAN Manager all programs will be accessible on other network operating system. types of networks. ARP (Address Resolution APPC (Advanced Peer-to-Peer Protocol) Communication) Originally a TCP/IP process that maps IP address to Ethernet addresses for use by Software that implements Logical Unit Ethernet. Also referred to in other protocols (LU) 6.2, a type of network node defined by as address resolution protocol. IBM. This software allows all nodes on the network to interact on a peer-to-peer basis ARPA (Advanced Research Projects (See peer-to-peer network). Agency)

APPC (Advanced Program-to- See DARPA. Program Communications) ARQ (Automatic Request for A network interface method that computers Retransmission) in an IEEE 802.5, Ethernet, X.25, or SNA Communications feature where when the (Systems Network Architecture) network receiver detects an error, it asks the use to communicate over a network. transmitter to send the data again.

AppleShare ASCII—American Standard Code for Information Interchange Networking system for Apple computers that applies the AppleTalk protocols. A 7-bit code for exchanging information (characters), particularly between AppleTalk communication devices. Most microcomputers today use this standard. Protocols (developed by Apple Computer) designed for communicating to Macintosh association control service computers and then upgraded to element (ACSE) communicate with older computers and An application-level protocol. peripherals over shielded twisted-pair wiring at a rate of 230 Kbps. Now this asynchronous transmission network also communicates with Ethernet A serial method of sending data where the networks. Communicates between receiving node reads data at regular Macintosh computers and PCs, as well as intervals without clocking information between exclusively Macintoshes. being transmitted. This method utilizes application layer start and stop bits to keep the intervals regular. See synchronous transmission. Seventh layer of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model for data communications, where the protocols are for application programs.

Glossary-4 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LAN Terminology

attenuation transmitting signals on a network. Indicates Loss of power or signal energy that occurs capacity to transmit in Hertz. during transmission over communication baseband network lines, equipment or other devices. The transmission of either analog or digital ATP (Apple Transaction Protocol) signals over the medium without modulating a carrier. In a baseband A transport layer protocol developed by network, one message is sent at a time over Apple Computer to allow reliable transfer the network. of information between two processors on a Macintosh Internet. baud rate audit trails A unit of measure used to express the speed (bits per second) at which serial data is sent A record of when users of the network and received, often via a modem. requested resources and other events that have occurred on the network. bindery AUI (Attachment Unit Interface) Database of user names, passwords, groups, and accounting information in a A connector that attaches the Medium NetWare database. Attachment Unit (MAU) on an Ethernet to a computer or link. big-endian back end A binary data storage and transmission format that puts the most significant byte Functions and procedures the database (bit) first. DARPA Internet’s standard is server uses to manipulate data. big-endian. (See little-endian). backbone BISYNC (BSC) Central network with high capacity that A group of IBM binary synchronous connects low capacity networks. Also, communications protocols. These are all cable where you can attach two or more character-oriented protocols. nodes or networks. bit (BInary digiT) backup The smallest piece of information in a Copy of data stored on paper, disk, or computer. Like a switch, it has two possible magnetic tape in case of computer, states, ON and OFF, designated as 1 and 0. workstation, or controller failure. bit duration balun (balance/unbalance) Time required to pass a single bit down the Device for matching impedance from network cable. Or, in serial twisted-pair wire (balanced) to coaxial communications, a unit of measurement cable (unbalanced) and vice versa. This used for comparing delay times when the matching allows these cables to transmit rate of transmission can vary. signals back and forth. bit-oriented bandwidth A type of communications protocol that The difference between the highest and the codes information into pieces as small as a lowest frequencies available for single bit.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide Glossary-5 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LAN Terminology

BOOTP avoid extra programming by using a bridge between LANs (See gateway). A UNIX protocol for a workstation that does not have its own disk (called a client). broadband network The client workstation uses this protocol to boot from an operating system (often A network where signals are modulated housed on a file server) over the network. into noninterfering frequencies before being sent over the cables, so that many bps (bits per second) signals can be sent at once. Units for measuring the rate of data broadcast medium transmission on a network. A method of transmitting data that transmits the same message to all nodes at BNC once. A standard connector for connecting Thinnet to coaxial cable. broadcast message A message sent to all nodes of the local area boot PROM (Boot Programmable network. Read Only Memory) brouters A chip mounted on the network interface card of a PC. The PC uses this chip to load A way of connecting two or more separate the operating system from the network. local area networks (LANs) that carries out many of the same tasks as a bridge and a bridge router (see router), without the restrictions that apply to a router protocol. The brouter A device for connecting two or more determines whether or not the data uses a separate local area networks (LANs). Once protocol it can route. If it does, the brouter you connect the LANs with a bridge, any routes the data through the router, workstation or controller on any of the otherwise, it sends it over a “bridge” (see separate LANs can share data or files with bridge). Brouters are, however, expensive, any other workstation or controller. A and difficult to install and set up. bridge can distinguish between data going from one node to another on the same LAN buffering and data going from a node on one LAN to a node on another. So the bridge is involved Process of temporarily storing data in a in data transmission only when it is holding area (in RAM, in a file, or in a required. device, such as a print spooler) so that a device that transmits at one rate can send With a bridge you can connect data to one that receives at a different rate. various types of cable, fiber-optic, coaxial, bus twisted-pair, and so on. You can also connect different topologies (such as A wire or set or parallel wires that connects Ethernet and ARCNET) over a bridge as multiple nodes (controllers or long as they are running the same protocol workstations). Each node is connected to (such as TCP/IP). the bus with a connector. A bus sends each message to all nodes at once via a system of The bridge automatically learns the address transmission called a “broadcasting” of each piece of data it transmits, so you can system.

Glossary-6 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LAN Terminology

bus topology CATV A local area network arrangement where all Cable television—a type of technology nodes are attached to a single cable. employed by LANs to distribute signals.

byte-oriented CCITT (Consultive Committee International Telegraph and A type of communications protocol that Telephony) codes information into pieces that are each An organization that sets international one byte (a single character) long. communications standards such as V.21, cable plant V.22, and X.25. The physical connectors for cabling at an central hub installation, including the splices and patch On a LAN with a star topology, the panels. communications device that controls the flow of data between network nodes. cable termination Matching cable impedance with load channel impedance to attain maximum power Path to transmit bits, bytes, or characters of transfer and to prevent reflections on the information. Channels make network. communication possible.

cable transceivers character-oriented A combination of transmitter/ A type of communications protocol that receiver that drives the network medium. codes information into pieces as long as a single character. cache character-oriented protocol (COP) A location where data that is used For transmitting data on the EnergyNet, frequently is stored for quick and easy each transmission must be broken down access. into a series of 8-bit characters. carrierband network Character-oriented Windows (COW) A network that requires signals be interface modulated before they enter the cables. A window system that is SAA-compatible for OS/2 applications. carrier-sense characteristic impedance A characteristic of each node on an Ethernet—the ability to detect any traffic The impedance termination of an on the network channel. electrically uniform transmission line that minimizes reflections from the end of the carrier-sense multiple access with line. collision detection (CSMA/CD) An access method that allows multiple network nodes to share a single channel.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide Glossary-7 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LAN Terminology

CheaperNet collision detection Colloquial term for an Ethernet made of A characteristic of each node on an thin wire, as defined by the IEEE 802.3 as Ethernet—the ability to understand when a 10Base2. collision occurs on the network based on electrical signals. checksum collision to jam delay Binary total of a group of data or a segment of data that has been transmitted over a Time required for a repeater (or network. Used to check for errors in transceiver) to detect a collision and transmitting over the network. introduce the jam signal. This is the kind of delay you should add up to calculate the circuit switching total delay on an Ethernet. (See also delay) Establishing a connection between one communications server node and the node it is calling on an as- A computer that has extra hardware and needed basis. Those two nodes then have special software that form standard built-in exclusive use of the circuit until they no protocols. This hardware/software enable longer need to be connected. the server to access a network without the network protocols. cluster Several pieces of equipment in close compression proximity to one another so you can easily A technique that reduces the number of bits cable them together. required to represent data while it is being transmitted. This technique also allows the CMIP (Common Management computer to reconstruct the data in its Information Protocol) original form. OSI protocols for managing an OSI concentrator network. A communications device that allocates use CMIS (Common Management of a cable so that more layers of Information Services) information can travel the cable at one time than there are channels available at one OSI protocols for managing an OSI time. For example, in a twisted-pair network services. Ethernet, an active hub that diagnoses CMOT (CMIP/CMIS over TCP) problems on the network (See active hub). Managing communications on an Internet connectionless service with the ISO CMIP/CMIS network A method of communicating over an management protocols. Internet that treats each piece of information (packet or datagram) as a coaxial cable separate entity by having each piece store A type of electrical cable with a piece of both its source and destination addresses. copper wire surrounded by insulation and This method can lose information or deliver then surrounded by a tubular piece of metal it in the wrong sequence. mesh. In general, coaxial cable supports moderate to high data transmission speeds—from 1 to 15 Mbps.

Glossary-8 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LAN Terminology

conditioning CTI (coaxial transceiver interface) Options available on dedicated, leased, or A device that allows the coaxial cable of ordinary telephone lines to carefully Ethernet to work with the software. balance line impedances for improved quality and/or speed when transmitting cyclic redundancy check (CRC) data. The options are C1, C2, C4, or D1, in A calculation that verifies a data packet has order by the ability to increase frequency not been damaged in transit. Usually used response and reduce delay distortion. with bit-oriented data communications contention protocols. The result of the calculation should match the precalculated result the An access method where each node must sender attached to the data before sending compete for access to the network. it. core D4 framing Central region of an optical waveguide where light transmits through it. A T1 12-frame format that uses the 193rd bit for framing and signal information (See core gateway ESF framing).

One of the Internet gateways that exchange DARPA (Defense Advanced routing information to ensure consistency Research Projects Agency) in routing. A group within the United States CSNET (Computer Science Network) Department of Defense that developed A dialup network that provides Internet ARPANET, the first major network with connections and mail delivery service. Also packet switching. provides a server for Internets that do not run their own. Originally funded by the DARPA Internet National Science Foundation, CSNET is A group of gateways and networks now an independent operation. including ARPANET, MILNET, and NSFnet that use the TCP/IP protocol and CSU (channel service unit) operate as a single, virtual network. This A unit placed where a LAN connects to a large network provides full duplex stream bridge. The CSU is required with most delivery (reliable) and connectionless remote Ethernet bridges to isolate the packet delivery (considered unreliable). phone company lines from installed equipment and vice versa. This unit ensures DAS (Dual Attach Station) that the line is a high-quality phone line; for A device you attach to both rings of an instance, it complies with FCC rules, FDDI network. See SAS. responds to loopback commands from the central telephone company office, receives data communications correct “ones” density in the bitstream transmitted, and does not experience any Transferring data from one node to another bipolar violations. The phone company or a following specified protocols network administrator can perform these —the process involves transmitting, tests if a CSU is installed. receiving, and validating the data.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide Glossary-9 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LAN Terminology

data packet DDCMP (Digital Data A grouping of data to form a part of a Communications Message Protocol) message. A link level protocol from Digital Equipment Corporation. Uses serial lines, datagram delimits frames with special characters, and Data packet that includes along with the calculates checksums. NSFnet incorporates data a complete destination address. DDCMP over its backbone. Because it carries the address it is going to, the datagram can be independently routed DDN (Defense Department Network) without establishing a connection or MILNET and associated parts of the confirming the delivery. DARPA Internet that connect military installations; they follow the DOD data link protocol. A physical connection between one location and another for transmitting/ DDS (Dataphone Digital Service) receiving data. A serial path for A private line service that BOCs and AT&T transmitting data between two adjacent Communications offer. It is available nodes without intermediate switching interLATA and usually at 2.4, 4.8, 9.6, and nodes. 56 Kbps. Transmits data in digital rather data link layer than analog form, eliminating the need for modems. AT&T lists this service under Second layer in the OSI (Open Systems Accunet services. Interconnection) model for data communications; controls access to the DDS-SC (Dataphone Digital Service network cable; consists of Media Access with Secondary Channel) Control (MAC) layer and the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer (See OSI). A tariffed private line service that some BOCs and AT&T Communications offer. data terminal equipment (DTE) Allows both 64 Kbps clear-channel data Equipment that serves as a source or a transmission and a secondary channel for destination for messages and provides supervisory, diagnostic, and control communication control. functions.

data transfer rate DECnet Rate in bits, characters, or blocks per A proprietary network architecture from second that data transfers from one node to Digital Equipment Corporation developed another. for wide area networks (WANs). This network includes some Ethernet LAN DCE (data circuit terminating capabilities and employs peer-to-peer equipment) communications. Equipment that allows you to DDS II establish, maintain, and terminate a connection between nodes. See DDS-SC.

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dedicated line destination node A circuit designated for network Node that should receive the message over communications and not available for other the network. tasks. Also called a private line or leased line. deterministic network A network where you can predict the worst delay (device delay) case time delay for sending a message Time that elapses between sending one between nodes. piece of data and sending the next (See propagation delay, response time, collision digital signal to jam delay). This time can be lengthened An electrical signal transmitted as 1s and by adding particular devices to the network. 0s. demultiplexor disk/file server Equipment that separates a single signal A central storage area that several nodes into multiple signals based on the time or can access; with a disk/file server, nodes carrier frequency. The purpose of the can store files in a single location where equipment is to transmit multiple other nodes can access them. Nodes that simultaneous signals over a single cable. use the server storage area are called You use this equipment on broadband clients. networks in combination with a multiplexor. disk server A storage device that provides dedicated Together, the multiplexor and storage areas for each single client node of demultiplexor allow several nodes to use a the network. single communication link at the same time. distributed file server demodulate A type of file server that has multiple disks throughout the network and makes files on Deriving the original signal that was those disks available to all nodes on the modulated. network. DES (Data Encryption Standard) distributed star A National Bureau of Standards method of Interconnecting a cluster or grouping of encrypting data for security purposes. equipment using a single active hub in the (Refer to Federal Information Processing center of each cluster. Systems (FIPS) Publication 46 for the complete standard.) distribution frame destination field A device for terminating telephone wiring, located at the central telephone office, A piece of data in the message header that where operators can readily create cross- contains the address of the node that should connections to extensions. receive the message (see destination node).

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DLC (Data Link Control) DSU (data service unit) Protocols used by two nodes on a network A unit placed at a customer site to connect to exchange information in an organized to a digital circuit that works in conjunction way. with a CSU to convert the customer’s data stream to a bipolar format that can be DMA (Direct Memory Access) transmitted (See CSU). Technique that transfers data between a device and computer memory at a high DTE speed. See Data Terminal Equipment. DNA (Digital Network Structure) EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded An eight-layer communications protocol Decimal Interchange Code) from Digital Equipment Corporation). An 8-bit character code used in IBM equipment for exchange of information. DNIC (Data Network Identification Allows 256 bit patterns. See also ASCII. Code) Four digit number for public data networks electronic repeaters and particular services within those Electronic devices that retransmit received networks. signals so that they can travel further on the network. domain A piece of an Internet name. For a node EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) named mar.eth.xls, for instance, mar is in a Protocol used to communicate between domain called eth and eth in a domain external gateways of independent systems. called xls. Each system can advertise its Internet address through EGP so other systems can dotted decimal notation communicate with it through the gateway A method of representing a 32-bit number system. in four 8-bit numbers separated by periods. For example, EIA Recommended Standards 255.128.52.1. Standards published by the Electronics Industries Association (EIA) that define driver electrical and mechanical interfaces for use See Network Device Driver. with data communications equipment. These include the widely used RS-232C, as drop cable well as the RS-422 and RS-530. Cable that allows you to connect to or Encryption access from the trunk cables of Ethernet. Sometimes called a transceiver cable A process that encodes data to prevent because it runs from the node to a unauthorized access to systems. transmitter/receiver attached to the trunk cable.

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ENDEC (encoder/decoder) FCS (frame check sequence) A part of a network adaptor that encodes Often referred to as CRC (See cyclic the data to be transmitted over the network redundancy check). Also called a frame and then decodes the data to be received to check sequence because the data checked a form understood by the particular chip on this way is usually sent in a frame (See the node. frame).

EnergyNet FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data A network of Andover Controls equipment Interface) that can be either an ARCNET or an A high speed 100 Mbps LAN made of fiber Ethernet. (See also ARCNET-EnergyNet or optic cable. Has dual counter-rotating Ethernet-EnergyNet). rings. Incorporates token passing and Ethernet allows circuit-switched voice and packet data. You may attach nodes through SAS Broadcast networking system that carries (for single ring) or DAS (for dual ring). digital data packets to local nodes. A 10 Mbps baseband local area network (LAN), FDM (Frequency Division Ethernet evolved from the IEEE 802.3 Multiplexing) standard. Ethernet is the transport vehicle for many upper level protocols, including Method of transmitting multiple signals TCP/IP and Xerox Network Systems across a single cable. This method assigns (XNS). See 802.3. each signal a unique carrier frequency. See Multiplexor and Demultiplexor. Ethernet-EnergyNet Ethernet-EnergyNet is a 10 Mbps carrier- FEP (Front End Processor) sense multiple access (with collision A single node (usually a computer) detection) network that is made up of dedicated to carrying out communications controllers, workstations, various cable functions, thereby saving other nodes from types (including one or more of the processing network information. Also following: unshielded twisted pair, thin called a communications controller. coaxial, thick coaxial, or fiber optic cable), NETBEUI drivers, Andover Controls fiber optic cabling software and OS/2 LAN Manager network operating system. A cable that is made of optical fiber, which uses light to carry information. This cable ESF framing offers the best protection from electrical A format similar to D4 framing that uses noise and electromagnetic disturbances. It the newer 24-frame technology (See D4 also transmits data at a very rapid rate—up framing). to 200 Mbps.

FCC (Federal Communications file Commission) A named area on a disk that stores Board of commissioners that regulates all information in a particular form (for telecommunications in the United States. example, a data file or a program).

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file-allocation tables (FAT) pieces so it can send the data across a network that handles smaller datagrams. An area on a disk that is like an index telling the operating system where the data frame has been stored on the disk. A FAT helps the system access information by readily A way of packaging data to send it across a determining the exact location of any piece serial network line. From character- of data. oriented protocols that add start-of-frame characters and end-of-frame characters to file server identify pieces of data. A computer on a LAN that provides data framing storage service to all nodes on the network. Control procedure on multiplexed digital See disk/file server. channels. Inserts bits so the receiver can identify the time slots allocated to each file transfer subchannel. Framing bits can also be Moving files or data from one piece of applied in other situations, such as to carry equipment to another. alarm signals to indicate particular problems. flag front end processor A bit pattern of six consecutive 1 bits (01111110) used to mark the beginning of a See FEP. frame. Applies to bit-oriented protocols FTP (File Transfer Protocol) only. Protocols used with UNIX-based flow control equipment that upload (load from another system) and download (load to another Technique used to regulate flow of data between nodes that prevents the loss system) files across a network. of data after a buffer area has been filled to full duplex capacity (See buffering). Transmitting in two directions fourth-generation language (4GL) simultaneously. An easy-to-use language for gateway designing and implementing database A method of connecting two different types management systems. of LANs or LANs of the same type with fragment different operating systems. This method involves a combination of hardware and Part of a packet that “breaks off” a software. complete packet in a collision on the network. A fragment occurs when one node The hardware physically connects the on an 802.3 network has partially equipment, and the software acts as an transmitted its packet and then a collision interpreter, translating one LAN’s protocol occurs. for the other and vice versa. Because the gateway involves the software as well as Also, the result when an Internet Gateway hardware, it is more complex than a bridge tries to divide an IP datagram into smaller and therefore slower. A gateway is,

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however, an excellent method of header connecting extremely different Control information at the beginning of a architectures, such as a NOVELL LAN and message. This information includes the an IBM SNA (System Network destination address, source address, and Architecture) mainframe computer. message number. A gateway allows you to connect a LAN to heartbeat public networks like Telenet or TYMNET. Once you connect to one of the public A short burst of signal that transmits from networks, you can log use a terminal the MAU to the node between packets. The emulation and log onto another computer short burst is a collision and is also called a over the gateway. SQE (Signal Quality Error) test. Applies only to IEEE 802.3 networks. gbps (gigabits per second) hierarchical routing Units for measuring the rate of data transmission in billions of bits per second. Routing method that uses the hierarchical address. It divides the routing procedure GGP (Gateway to Gateway Protocol) into parts based on each part of the address. Protocol used by gateways to exchange For instance, a gateway uses the network routing information. Computes the shortest portion of the address; once the packet goes path to route the information. through the gateway, the routing method then uses the host portion. Subnetting GUI (Graphical User Interface) allows more levels in hierarchical routing. Pronounced “gooey,” an operating system HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) that displays choices on the screen in graphic icons and/or symbols. You enter An Internet standard data link level commands by pointing at icons with a protocol on the OSI (Open Systems cursor controlled by a mouse. Interconnection) model for data communications. This particular protocol is hardware address for bit-oriented frame-delimited networks and has a frame check sequence at the end The identifier you set on the hardware, of every frame send down the network. usually with DIP switches. Each type of Used in X.25 networks. Becoming more hardware has its own method of setting IDs. and more common for transferring frames (An EnergyNet ID set on a controller is an between a host and a packet-switched node example of a hardware address.) (PSN). (See also PSN.) head-end Host The equipment in a LAN that transfers inbound signals into outbound signals. The Any general purpose node that operators head-end can be active or passive. If it is can access for most purposes and does not active, it contains an amplifier or frequency carry out networking functions. transmission equipment. Used in hub broadband or CATV LANs (See CATV). See active hub, passive hub, central hub.

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ICMP (Internet Control Message Internet Protocol) A large network of interconnected packet Protocol used on UNIX-based machines to switched networks and gateways that are handle error messages, control messages, identifiable as a unit because they use the and low-level functions. same protocols.

Idling Signal Internet address A signal that, while a connection is still A 32-bit address that is made up of an established, indicates no data is being Internet address and a host address. transmitted. The idling signal keeps the Assigned to a node (also called a host) on a network from thinking the connection is DARPA Internet that uses TCP/IP. lost. Internet Layer IEEE Standards A network protocol layer that transfers data See 802.3, 802.4, 802.5, 802.6, and 802.9. from one node (host) to another over an IGP (interior gateway protocol) Internet. This layer transforms data into datagrams, transfer them over the network Any protocol used to communicate routing through the correct pathways, and then information and reachability within an reformats the data into its original form at independent system. the receiving end. IMP (interface message processor) Internet Protocol (IP) See PSN. The TCP/IP Standard Protocol that defines impedance the Internet, the datagram as the unit of The total opposition offered by an electrical information transferred over the network, circuit to the alternating current flow at a and sets other rules for communication on single frequency. Internet. impedance mismatch inter-repeater link (IRL) A situation where impedances are different, A segment of cable with no nodes on it that so signals reflect and are not transferred. connects two repeaters in an Ethernet network. interface interoperability Procedures, codes, and protocols that make possible the exchange of information Ability of different types of software and between two different nodes on a network. hardware to communicate with one another and produce resulting information. Also, the point of physical connection between two separate devices, where the IP (Internet Protocol) electrical signals, connectors, timing, and handshaking must be defined. See Internet Protocol. IP Datagram A unit of information transferred over an Internet network.

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IPG (interpacket gap) occurs that can cause errors and/or loss of synchronization. Minimum time that must elapse between one packet and the next—on an jumper IEEE 802.3 network, the time is 9.6 µs. A cable or wire used to establish a IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange/ connection or circuit, usually for testing or Sequenced Packet Exchange) diagnostics.

Novell proprietary network protocol kilobyte (KB) similar to TCP/IP, used with NetWare products. As indicated by the prefix (kilo), approximately 1,000 bytes; but actually ISDN (Integrated Services Digital 1024 bytes (210). Network) LAN Digital network that uses the same digital links, digital switches, and digital paths to See Local Area Network. establish connections for both voice and data transmission. LAN Manager A multiuser network operating system internetworking developed by Microsoft and COM3 that Connecting two or more networks so that runs with Microsoft’s OS/2 operating nodes on both can communicate back and system. forth. LAP (Link Access Procedure) ISO (International Standards The standard data link level protocol Organization) specified by CCITT X.25. International organization that established the American National Standards Institute LAPB (Link Access Procedure (ANSI). Balanced) A full duplex, bit synchronous protocol jabber used to network X.25 DTEs to X.25 DCEs. A node on Ethernet is said to “jabber” when This protocol uses frames that can contain it transmits for longer than it should. one or more X.25 packets.

jamming LAPD (Link Access Procedure-D) A situation on IEEE 802.3 networks where when a collision occurs, the nodes involved A link-level protocol for connecting ISDN continue to transmit for a short time to networks. Similar to LAPB (above) but ensure that all nodes on the network realize uses a different framing sequence. May be a collision has occurred. used as a basis for the proposed CCITT modem error-control standard (LAPM). jitter leased line In high-speed synchronous communications, a slight change in the A dedicated telephone line, usually leased time or phase that a transmitting signal from a telephone company, that

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permanently connects two or more node nothing to do with the physical position of locations. the nodes.

latency LU 6.2 Time between when the node seeks access A set of SNA (Systems Network to the network and when it receives it. Also Architecture) protocols that provided peer- called waiting time. to-peer communications between applications. link integrity test M Bit Test that determines whether a cable A marker in an X.25 packet that indicates linking a DTE or node to a hub is properly “more data.” Its purpose is to indicate a connected. Specified by the 10BASE-T sequence of more than one packet. standard. mail bridge link layer A gateway for electronic mail that screens Second layer of the OSI (Open Systems the mail as is passes from one network to Interconnection) model for data another for security and other communications, also known as the Data- administrative purposes. Link layer. (See data link layer.) mail exploder little-endian Program that takes a piece of mail and a list A binary data storage and transmission of addresses and sends a copy of the mail to format that puts the least significant byte each address. (bit) first (See big-endian). mail gateway LLC (Logical Link Control) Equipment that connects two or more A protocol developed by the IEEE 802 electronic mail systems and transfers mail committee. Is the upper sublayer of the among them. It properly formats the data data-link layer of the OSI (Open Systems based on the protocols of the destination Interconnection) model for data mailing system before sending the mail. communications, and includes end-system mail server addressing and error checking. A computer and software that transfer local area network (LAN) messages and provide related services on a network. A combination of hardware and software that enables two or more computerized MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) devices to share database information, High-speed network that provides data hardware, and programs. communication between sites within a city logical ring for up to 24 miles (40 km) and transfers data at a rate of 2 Mbps. The order in which an ARCNET- EnergyNet (a token passing network) passes the token from node to node. The order is based on the EnergyNet ID and has

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MAC (Media-Access Control) devices to cable, especially in Ethernet A protocol developed by the IEEE 802 networks. committee. Is the lower sublayer of the Also, in a 10BASE-T standard network, a data-link layer of the OSI (Open Systems repeater (link) or network interface adaptor Interconnection) model for data board with a medium-dependant interface communications, and is where media (See MDI). control occurs. MDI (medium-dependent interface) Manchester encoding A unit that connects the MAU to a twisted- A digital encoding technique specified by pair link. In a 10BASE-T standard network, the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standards. it is an 8-pin module telephone connector (RJ 45). This encoding technique divides each bit period into two complementary halves; it medium then determines whether the period has a 1 or a 0 in the middle—if a negative to A person, mechanism, electronic pathway, positive transition occurs in the middle, the cable, or other means of conveying bit period designates a 1, if a positive to information. negative transition occurs, the bit period megabits per second (Mbps) designates a 0. A measurement of one million bits per You can use this technique to allow self- second. clocking, where the receiving node can retrieve the clock from the transmitted data MHS (message handling system) stream. A system of sending messages over a network that is standardized by the CCITT Manufacturing Automation Protocol as X.400 and by the ISO as the Message (MAP) Oriented Text Interchange Standard A communications protocol developed by (MOTIS). General Motors Corporation that serves as a standard for some computer Mid-Level Net manufacturers. A National Science Foundation network that was once connected to the NSFnet mapping backbone, but operated independently. Associating a set of values on one network with quantities or values on another. For MIF (Minimum Internetworking example, associating a series of values with Functionality) a series of addresses. Often refers Principle set down by the ISO that calls for associating addresses with particular minimizing the complexity of LANs when devices, such as with internetwork route connecting them with outside resources. mapping and protocol-to-protocol mapping. MILNET (MILitary NETwork) Originally part of the ARPANET, was MAU (Medium Attachment Unit) separated from it to be dedicated to An electrical component that you use to providing the United States military with attach computers, controllers, or other reliable service.

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Mini-Manufacturing Automation Multimode Protocol (MiniMAP) A type of optical fiber that can carry A scaled down version of the MAP protocol multiple signals at the same time. It made up of only three network layers— separates the signals according to physical, link, and application layers. This frequency or phase. special protocol provides low-cost networking for process control networks. multiple access A characteristic of an Ethernet node —the One of the differences between MAP and node can send a message as soon as it MiniMAP is that with MiniMAP, a node determines the channel is free. with a token can request a response from an addressed device and receive the response multiple routing immediately. With MAP, the requesting Sending a message to more than one node node would have to wait until the addressed by indicating all destinations in the node has the token before receiving a message header. response, because the addressed node must have the token to be capable of responding. multiplexor modem Equipment that combines multiple signals from a single transmission line based on the A device that modulates digital signals to time or carrier frequency. The purpose of analog signals and vice versa. the equipment is to work in conjunction MPR (multiport repeater) with a demultiplexor on a broadband network to transmit multiple simultaneous A hub with a large number of ports at one signals over a single cable. point on an Ethernet. In a coaxial network a hub can have up to eight ports; in a twisted- Together, the multiplexor and pair Ethernet, it can have hundreds of ports. demultiplexor allow several nodes to use a single communication link at the same MS OS/2 LAN Manager time. See LAN Manager. multipoint line MTBF (mean time between failures) A single cable that connects several nodes A known (based on an average) period of in different locations. This arrangement time that a device should operate before it usually requires that each node have a fails. unique address and that a system of retrieving information from each node MTTR (mean time to repair) exists, such as a polling system. An average length of time required to complete repairs after a device fails. multipoint link A single cable that is shared by more than multidrop configuration two nodes. A bus scheme that connects several nodes to a single cable or bus via a line tap.

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multitasking NDIS (Network Driver Interface Specification) Having more than one application running on the same computer at the same time. Or Standards for Microsoft’s OS/2 LAN running the same program on multiple Manager network drivers. nodes for different purposes. NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/ Multistation Access Unit (MAU) Output System) A connector used on token ring networks to A language for programming several data connect devices or nodes to the ring. exchange protocols. Refers to both the Provides a built-in relay to prevent a break language and the protocols. in the network when you remove a node. You can use this protocol to develop MUX network programs for peer-to-peer See multiplexor. communication.

NAK (Negative AcKnowledgment) NetView A response that the receiving node A proprietary network management system transmits to the sender to indicate an error from IBM that manages SNA networks. occurred in transmitting the data over the Communicates with other network network. If the sender receives a NAK, it management programs. sends the data again. network name resolution A series of nodes connected by one or more Converting a node’s name into an address. communications channels; equipment The address is usually embedded in the assembled with connections between name. stations.

named pipe network address A programming tool in Microsoft’s OS/2 Numbers or characters that identify the LAN Manager that developers can use to location of a node on a network. create distributed network programs. Programmers use the tool to have processes network architecture on separate nodes communicate back and Design principles a network structure and forth across a network. functioning is based on. Includes the organization of data, data formats, network device driver procedures, and functions. Software that makes the network transmit/ receive data. network interface controller Electronics (usually on an additional card NCC (Network Control Center) for a PC) that connect a workstation or Centralized workstation or site that other type of node to a network. The card manages the network and carries out contains the network software required for diagnostics. A packet-switching network the node’s operating system to requires such a station. communicate on the network.

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network layer ODI (Open Data-link Interface) Third layer of the OSI (Open Systems Standards for writing network drivers for Interconnection) model for data Novell NetWare 386 networks. communications, where data routing across the network occurs. off-line

network management State of being not connected to a computer or network, or not transmitting/receiving Administrating a network by carrying out data over a network. See on-line. the following actions: determining network topology, determining software setup, on-line downloading software, monitoring network usage, maintaining operations, and State of being connected to a computer or troubleshooting and diagnosing problems. network, or transmitting/receiving data over a network. See off-line. network operating system software optical fiber Software that uses a network for communication—interpreting the A filament or fiber used to transmit light information sent and received. signals generated by laser or LED. Optical fiber cable, for instance, usually contains a network topology core made of a material that carries the See topology. signal. A protective material called cladding surrounds the core to reflect the NFS (Network File System) signal.

A network system developed by Sun OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Microsystems that makes files on remote nodes of a network appear just as local files A model for data communications do. This system is an outgrowth of TCP/IP. standardized by the ISO. The model contains seven layers of network NIC (Network Interface Controller) architecture that should be used by all National’s Industry Standard 8/16-bit network protocols so that many varieties of Ethernet network controller. Part number equipment can communicate. The seven DP8390. layers are as follows:

NLM (NetWare Loadable Module) 1. Physical Layer—Defines mechanics and electronics that connect physical parts of A program that you can load and run on the network, including nodes, cables, links, Novell’s NetWare 386 server to provide hubs, and so on. extra features on the server. 2. Data Link Layer—Defines how to nodes synchronize the flow of data and handle Endpoints in a network where service is errors across the physical data link. provided, service is used, or communications channels are 3. Network Layer—Defines how interconnected. Examples of nodes on to establish, maintain, and terminate EnergyNet are controllers, workstations, connections between systems, especially repeaters, and hubs. switching and routing information.

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4. Transport Layer—Defines formats for 1. Preamble (62 bits) transporting data to be sure it is error-free when it reaches its destination. 2. Start of Frame Delimiter (SFD) (2 bits) 5. Session Layer—Defines how to set up and end a session, and coordinate 3. Destination Address interaction between nodes. (6 bytes) 6. Presentation Layer—Defines characters 4. Source Address (6 bytes) sets, data codes, display formats for screen and printer, and languages. 5. Actual Data (from 64 to 1500 7. Application Layer—Defines how to link bytes) the network operating system with application programs and types of data 6. CRC (4 bytes) transfer required for those applications. packet buffer OSINET Area in memory where node or network Test network designed to test products for controller stores a packet while it waits to compliance with the OSI (Open Systems transmit or receive it. Interconnection) model. The National Bureau of Standards (NBS) sponsors this packet switching network. A way of transmitting data over a network that breaks messages into parts called overhead packets, each sent to the destination In networking, all information other than separately. user-transmitted data itself, including information necessary for network control, Also, the process of transmitting data over routing, error checking, network status, and a network via addressed packets so that the network operating instructions. channel that packets travel through remains open for more packets to follow. out of window collision PAD (Packet Assembler/ On an IEEE 802.3 standard network, a Disassembler) collision that does not occur within the specified time allotted—within the first Device for connecting a node to an X.25 51.2 µs of transmitting the packet for a 10 network, that allows non-X.25 users to Mbps rate of transmission. access the X.25 network. packet passive device A series of bits that form a complete unit of A device that does not supply current for data to be sent over the network. A packet’s the network. See active device. format is predefined to include the identity of both the sender (source) and the receiver passive hub (destination). For the IEEE 802.3 standard, A device that splits the cabling on a local the physical layer packet contains the area network using resistors to match following information in the following impedance. Not supported on any type of order: EnergyNet.

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pass-through When a programmer develops new applications, the programmer does not need Ability to gain access to one network node to write separate instructions to work with or device through another. each device. Instead, the programmer can PBX (private branch exchange) write a single set of instructions to work with the pipe. A manual telephone exchange, owned by the user rather than a telephone company. point-to-point data communication

peer-to-peer network Connecting only two nodes for the sharing of data. This connection may include A network where nodes communicate with switching capabilities. one another without relying on a single central computer (such as a file server). polling physical layer An access method where each node on the network is “asked” if it has anything to First layer of the OSI (Open Systems transmit. Interconnection) model for data communications, the cable, connectors, and port other aspects of the hardware associated with the network, such as links and hubs. A location on the computer, controller, printer, or other device or node, where you PLS (physical layer signaling) can connect the equipment to a network or to another piece of equipment. In IEEE 802.3 standard networks, a portion of the network interface equipment that presentation layer allows the MAC to communicate with the AUI. The sixth layer of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model for data PLP (packet level procedures) communications, where the format and code conversion for the applications Protocols for transferring packets between occurs. X.25 DTE and X.25 DCE. These full duplex protocols cover data sequencing, print server flow control, accountability, and error detection/recovery. A computer that has special software for transferring print jobs to a printer or series PMA (physical medium attachment) of printers.

In IEEE 802.3 standard networks, the part print spooler of the MAU that contains the electronics. Special software that stores a file to be pipe printed while the printer is busy. Once the A communications process that makes the printer is free, the print spooler pulls the file computer’s keyboard, disk drives, memory, from storage and prints it. and other physical devices able to work promiscuous ARP with application programs. The pipe is part of the operating system on the computer. See Proxy ARP.

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propagation delay provide circuit-switched, packet-switched, or leased-line networks to the public. Delays in the time required to transmit data on a network. queue protocol Any list of jobs waiting to be carried out on the computer, such as print jobs and A set of rules that governs how message transmissions. The computer communications are actually carried out carries out the tasks in order of priority. over the network. queueing protocol port Putting jobs in lists in order of priority. Method that transport protocols use to distinguish between many possible radio frequency (RF) destinations within a single node. Usually The technology used in cable television and the operating systems allows you to preset broadband LANs. Transmits the port. electromagnetic waveforms (usually in megahertz range). proxy ARP RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Situation where a gateway answers an ARP Protocol) request intended for another gateway by supplying its own physical address. This The inverse of ARP. A TCP/IP process that gateway then becomes responsible for maps Ethernet addresses back to the IP delivering the packets it retrieves. addresses for use by Internet. Also referred to in other protocols as reverse address With proxy ARP, a site can use a single resolution protocol. Internet address with more than one network. real time Mode of operating that allows use of the PSDN (packet-switched data data as it is created, such as in a process network) control system. A type of network that uses X.25 protocols. reconfiguration Customers connect nodes to this network and vendors manage the network for them. A change in the quantity, type, or Costs for a PSDN are based on the volume arrangement of nodes and other devices of data only, rather than on the distance the connected in a network. data is sent or length of time connected. redundancy PSN (packet-switched nodes) Portion of a message’s information that can be eliminated without losing essential An ARPANET packet switch. Each PSN is information; duplicate facilities. connected to at least two other PSNs and up to 16 independent nodes.

public network A network operated by a telecommunications administrator to

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repeater routing information between a small A device that amplifies an electronic signal number of host machines. so it can travel further down the cabling. RJE (Remote Job Entry) Allows you to use more cable than you would normally be limited to. Service that lets you send a job to another machine from a distant site. response time Time that elapses between the end of a Rlogin (remote login) query and the beginning of a response. Service offered by Berkeley BSD 4.3 UNIX to log in to another host on the retransmissive star network from your own workstation. In fiber optic cabling, a passive device that transmits the input light signal down route multiple output fibers. The path taken by data in a network or through an Internet. RFC (request for comment) Notes that contain information about the routed (route daemon) DARPA Internet, including proposals for A Berkeley 4.3 BSD UNIX program that additional protocols. updates routing on LANs using RIP RF modem protocols. See modem. router RFS (Remote File Service) A hardware device (often with software) that connects distant LANs of the same or AT&T network file protocol for UNIX different types. networks. Provides complete support across the network for UNIX file systems. routing ring Selecting the correct path to transmit a message to its destination. Two or more nodes networked together that pass information from one to the next RPC (remote procedure call) sequentially. See logical ring. UNIX session layer protocol. Strictly for ring network UNIX. See ring topology. RTT (round trip time) ring topology Time required for a single packet or A network arrangement where all nodes datagram to leave one node, reach its connect to one another forming a destination, then return. continuous loop. Not supported on EnergyNet. RUNT Packet In an IEEE 802.3 standard network, a RIP (Routing Information Protocol) fragment of a packet that comes from a An interior gateway protocol for Berkeley packet with an original length of less than BSD 4.3 UNIX networks. Exchanges 512 bits.

Glossary-26 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LAN Terminology

RS-232C SFD (start of frame delimiter) An Electronics Industries Association Bit pattern that the network interface board serial communications standard. or controller uses to synchronize bytes with the incoming bit data from the network. SAA (System Application Architecture) SFT (system fault tolerant) A set of standards from IBM that A version of Novell’s NetWare that has standardizes the screen displays the user special features such as disk and file communicates with the computer through. mirroring to improve reliability. Supplies the same screens for PCs, minicomputers, and mainframes. shared resource network SAS (Single Attach Station) A network where all resources, such as file servers, printers, and databases are shared A device attached to one ring of the FDDI by all nodes. network. See DAS.

SDLC (synchronous Data Link shielding Control) Protective sheathing on cables designed to A product IBM designed that HDLC is minimize electromagnetic leakage and based on. Used with IBM SNA products. interference.

segment signaling method Form of data for transfer between TCPs on Method that data transmits, such as different machines. Each segment contains baseband, carrierband, or broadband. both the data and a series of other information used to transfer the data and signal quality error (SQE) check it for errors. See heartbeat. serial transmission Single Mode Transmitting bits that form data in A type of optical fiber that carries a single sequential order. signal and is optimized for a particular server lightwave frequency. A specialized computer that has extra SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) hardware and special software so it can provide a particular service to a network, Networking protocol for connecting to such as file service (file server), print network services through a point-to-point service (print server), or communications serial link. (communications server). SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer session layer Protocol) Fifth layer of the OSI (Open Systems A standard protocol for DARPA Internet Interconnection) model for data used to transfer electronic mail messages communications, where sessions are over the network. Specifies the format for established between application programs. the message and method of transfer.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide Glossary-27 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LAN Terminology

SNA (Systems Network source route Architecture) Transmission route determined by the IBM network architecture for source node. The source dictates a series of communicating on networks that contain machines that a datagram must go through IBM nodes or both IBM and other types of on its way to the destination. nodes. SPOOL (Simultaneous Peripheral SNI (Serial Network Interface) Operation On Line) National’s Manchester encoder/ A program or piece of hardware that decoder.Part number DP8391 or CMOS controls data on its way to an output device. DP83910. STARLAN SNIC (Serial Network Interface LAN network design and specification Controller) based on the IEEE 802.3 standard that transmits data over two-pair twisted-pair National’s newer 8/16 network controller. baseband at a rate of 1 Mbps. This controller incorporates the SNI encoder/decoder and is completely star network compatible with the network interface controller. A network where all nodes are connected to a central hub. SNMP star topology Protocol for monitoring IP devices and A network arrangement that resembles a networks. Contains three parts: Structure of starfish because all nodes are wired to a Management Information (SMI), central hub (communications device). Management Information Base (MIB), and the protocol itself. step-index sockets Type of optical fiber that has a uniform refractive index at its core and is encased in An interface for a Berkeley BSD 4.3 UNIX cladding that has a dramatically reduced network that applies to the transport layer refractive index. See optical fiber. (see OSI). Provides three services— delivery of sequenced data, delivery of data store-and-forward packet (with no guarantee on delivery), and Communications technique where low level network functions. intermediate routing points receive software drivers messages and store them temporarily, then retransmit them to another intermediate Node dependent programs that interface routing point or to their destinations. applications to the specific hardware. Structured Query Language (SQL) source node Data sublanguage for specifying Network node that sends a message over fundamental database operations, such as the network. adding, changing, or deleting.

Glossary-28 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LAN Terminology

subnet Although TCP/IP has been in use since A LAN that resides within another LAN before OSI was established, it includes (see local area network). several functions that belong in the upper level of the OSI model, such as electronic subnet address mail, terminal emulation, and file transfer services. Extension of the DARPA Internet addressing system that lets a site use the TELCO same Internet address for many physical Telephone central office; also abbreviation networks. for telephone company. SYN (Synchronizing Segment) TelNet The first segment the TCP protocol sends; Application, protocol, and program used to its purpose is to synchronize the two ends interact with UNIX-based computers. of the connection to prepare for opening TelNet provides terminal emulation across another connection. the network. synchronous terminal Type of communications link that transmits A device that usually has both a keyboard data bits at a fixed rate where the and a display screen that is capable of transmitting node and receiving node are sending data over a network and receiving synchronized; does not require start and data or a response from the network. stop bits for each byte, so it is an efficient transmission system. terminal emulation synchronous transmission A type of program that you run at a workstation, computer, or terminal that sets Data transmission method that transfers up the workstation, computer, or terminal each bit at a fixed rate. See asynchronous to behave like a particular type of terminal. transmission. The screen presents the same text/graphics as the terminal normally would and the tap software interprets your responses as if you Device that connects a cable to a were at that type of terminal. transceiver on a baseband network or transfers a signal from the trunk line to a terminal server drop line on a broadband network. Special device on an Ethernet LAN that can connect up to 32 terminals to the Ethernet T carrier through a single line. Terminals connected Time-division-multiplexed digital to the terminal server automatically have transmission line, usually provided by a access to all nodes on the network without telephone company. Operates at 1.544 having to establish connections to distant Mbps or greater. nodes. TCP/IP (Transmission Control terminated line Protocol/Internet Protocol) A line that has a resistor at the end of it with Popular protocols for communications, enough resistance to equal the especially on UNIX-based systems. characteristic impedance of the line.

Infinity Network Configuration Guide Glossary-29 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LAN Terminology

Prevents reflections or standing waves transmit takes the token, transmits the data when a signal is entered near the end of the around the entire ring, then frees the token line. for the next node that needs it.

text token passing system In communications, portion of transmitted An access method where nodes are passed data that contains characters to form the the token in sequence. The node with the message to be read by a human. token can transmit to the network.

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) TOP (Technical and Office Protocols) The DARPA Internet standard protocol for transferring files with little or no overhead. A version of the MAP protocols created by Requires the connectionless datagram Boeing. Useful for office networks or delivery service (UDP) so you can use it on engineering networks. diskless workstations. topology T1 The actual layout of the cables connecting A term coined by AT&T for a digital carrier the nodes to the network. Examples of facility used to transmit a topologies include bus, branching bus, star, DS-1 formatted digital signal at 1.544 and ring. Mbps. transaction timeout A message destined for a node on the When a predefined period of time has network. Also, an exchange between two passed. Usually an action should be devices. complete by the end of the time period. In transceiver communications, you use a timeout to avoid delays and keep traffic flowing on the A combined transmitter and receiver. A network. transceiver is required on each node of a network. On Ethernet, the transceiver TPI (Twisted Pair Interface) connects directly to the coaxial cable in a transceiver box. On Thin Ethernet, the Transceiver from National for twisted-pair transceiver often resides inside each Ethernet 10BASE-T standard networks. networked node. Part number DP83922. transmission token Sending a signal, message, or data over In the EnergyNet, the token is a unique wire, radio, telegraphy, telephone, command that grants the node permission facsimile, or network cabling. When to transmit. sending data over network cabling, the token ring signal includes control information. A network type that passes a data packet and a token from one node to another in a physical ring. The node that wants to

Glossary-30 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LAN Terminology

transmission media UTP (unshielded twisted pair cable) Any wire, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, Also known as telephone wire. See twisted or twisted pair cable that is used to pair cabling. propagate an electrical signal. user transparency transport layer Characteristic of a network that a user can Fourth layer of the OSI (Open Systems operate without any knowledge of how its Interconnection) model for data underlying functions work. communications, where communication VAN (value added network) across the network occurs. A network that provides services beyond tree topology simple switching.

A network arrangement that is shaped like VC (virtual circuit) a T. This topology recognizes only one route between any two nodes. On an X.25 network, a PLP logical connection between an X.25 DCE and an trunk X.25 DTE. The network can have both switched virtual circuits and permanent A telephone circuit connecting two data virtual circuits. Switched virtual circuits are concentration devices. The same kind of like device that connects two telephone dialup lines, establishing the connection on switching centers or central offices. a per call basis. Permanent virtual circuits twisted pair transmission system are like leased lines—they connect two particular units. In 10BASE-T standard networks, the twisted pair wire and the two attached virtual disk MAUs. A portion of a distant disk that appears as twisted pair cabling though it is part of the workstation’s own disk. Two insulated wires twisted in a uniform fashion so that each is equally exposed to virtual storage electrical signals impinging upon the wires Storage area (in memory) that appears to be from their environment. Type of cable used addressable storage but is actually auxiliary for a 10Base-T Ethernet-EnergyNet and for (temporary) storage mapped to real Infinet. addresses.

type 3 cable VMS (Virtual Memory System) Unshielded twisted-pair cable that is The operating system of a VAX computer, acceptable for forming token ring networks developed by Digital Equipment according to IBM standards. Corporation.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) well-known port Special transaction protocol under TCP/IP Preassigned protocol port numbers to be that lets you assign a name to a physical used by the transport layer protocols (TCP connection or numbered address. and UDP). Nodes on the network can easily

Infinity Network Configuration Guide Glossary-31 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LAN Terminology

locate a port that has been assigned by these XON/XOFF protocols. A file transfer server, for Data flow control method used when a instance, is often assigned a well-known computer sends data to a slower device that port. cannot process the information as fast as it is flowing. For instance, sending a file to a wide area network (WAN) printer often requires XON/XOFF. Network that spans an area of 50 miles (80 km) or more. May include packet-switched, X.25 public data, and value-added networks. Standard protocol defined by CCITT that is for low to medium traffic networks that wide band carry data to multiple locations. Operates System where multiple channels use radio over telephone lines at a rate of up to 1.5 frequency modems to access a cable Mbps. X.25 breaks data down into packets (usually coaxial) that has a large bandwidth and transmits the packets to various nodes, (10 Mbps or greater). Each channel is where it reconstructs the data from them. modulated to a different frequency on the Because the packets can travel different cable and demodulated to its original one at paths to the same destination, packets make the other end. this protocol more efficient than non- wiring closet packet protocols. On-site central location for wiring X.400 terminations. Standard protocol approved by ISO defines how to exchange electronic mail between workstation various types of computers. IBM PC or compatible personal computer X.500 running SX 8000 software. A standard under development by ISO that XDR (External Data Representation) defines a directory management system. Its purpose is to allow you to find files and data Presentation layer protocol used by Sun on different types of networks. Microsystems for representing data on a network comprised on different types of nodes.

XNS (Xerox Network System) A network system that became the basis for multiple other networking systems. It carries out many of the same tasks that TCP/IP does and runs according to the IEEE 802.3 standard.

X.nn A series of CCITT standards for connecting digital equipment to a public network that uses digital signals.

Glossary-32 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Index

Infinity Network Configuration Guide Index-1 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com Numerics fiber-to-coax 5-40 10Base-2 networks twisted-pair-to-coax 5-20 cables for 5-4 ARCNET-EnergyNet forming 5-16 defined 2-2 inter-repeater links 5-20 elements of 2-2 10Base-5 networks ARCNET-EnergyNet IDs cables for 5-2 role in token passing 2-8 forming B-2 ARCNET-EnergyNet network drivers 2-2 inter-repeater links B-7 ARCNET-EnergyNet operating system 10Base-FL networks environment 2-2 cables for 5-4 AT cards on ARCNET-EnergyNet 3-6 forming 5-24 AT cards on Ethernet-EnergyNet 10Base-T networks AT bus 4-8 cables for 5-2, 5-2 Attachment Unit Interface 5-23 forming 5-7 9200 controllers AUI cables AUI port location 5-21 connecting to 8000 workstation 5-28 connecting hub to 5-28 connecting to 9200 controller 5-27 connecting T connectors 5-15 defined 5-23 connecting with fiber optic cable 5-23 Ethernet switches 5-10, 5-15, 5-21 B RJ 45 connector 5-7 baseband terminators 5-15 versus broadband 1-13 A baud rate setting on InfiLink 200s 7-7 active hubs setting on InfiLink 210s 7-12 for Infinet 6-4 bridges modular 1-7 purpose 5-31 nonmodular 1-7 broadband on ARCNET-EnergyNet 2-4 versus baseband 1-13 on Ethernet-EnergyNet 4-4 broadcasting types of cable ports on EnergyLink 2000 2-5 defined 1-3 on EnergyLink 2500 4-5 in token passing networks 1-11 versus passive hubs 1-5 building control networks active hubs on ARCNET-EnergyNet reason for using LAN 1-2 reliability 3-9 bus active links controllers on ARCNET-EnergyNet uses for 1-7 3-5 adaptors defined 1-3 coax-to-fiber 5-40 extending the length of with Energy- coax-to-twisted-pair 5-20 Link 2000 3-16

Index-2 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com bus systems length between nodes on ARCNET- cards for on ARCNET-EnergyNet 2-8 EnergyNet 3-11 cards for on Ethernet-EnergyNet 4-8 fiber optic distributed star ARCNET- bus topology 1-3 EnergyNet 3-17 rules for fiber optic Ethernet-EnergyNet fiber optic in EnergyNet 3-10 5-27 fiber optic in Ethernet-EnergyNet rules for forming coaxial ARCNET- 5-27 EnergyNet 3-9 for protection from electrical distur- rules for thick coaxial Ethernet- bances 1-10 EnergyNet B-8 for protection from lightning 1-10 rules for thin coaxial Ethernet-Energy- length allowed with EnergyLink 2000 Net 5-23 3-9 buses length between Infinet nodes 6-6 in distributed star topology ARCNET- length of coaxial on ARCNET- EnergyNet 3-12 EnergyNet 2-2 length of twisted pair on Infinet 6-2 C method of connecting Infinet 6-6 premade thin coaxial 5-16 cable drop 5-28 prepared coaxial for ARCNET- cable loading EnergyNet 3-2 effects on ARCNET-EnergyNet 2-5 rate of transmission compared for types effects on Ethernet-EnergyNet 4-5 1-10 cable segments required on Ethernet-EnergyNet to maximum length cascade hubs 5-15 AUI 5-28 required to form Ethernet-EnergyNet thin coaxial 5-28 point-to-point connection 5-12 cable taps 5-26 running ARCNET-EnergyNet through cable transceivers 5-26 ducts 3-11 cable types running ARCNET-EnergyNet through Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-2 plenums 3-11 cables running Ethernet-EnergyNet through coaxial 1-9 ducts 5-15 minimum length on ARCNET- running Ethernet-EnergyNet through EnergyNet 3-2, 3-6 plenums 5-15 coaxial distributed star ARCNET- running Infinet outdoors 6-17 EnergyNet 3-16 running Infinet through ducts 6-17 comparison of types 1-9 running Infinet through plenums 6-17 costs of types compared 1-9 see also Cables for Ethernet-EnergyNet distances of types compared 1-9 see also Fiber Optic Cables, Thin Coax- Ethernet-EnergyNet ial Cables, Thick Coaxial characteristics of 5-10 Cables, Twisted Pair Cables comparisons of types 5-7 segments extending length of 1-8 defined 5-16 fiber optic 1-9 selecting the type for your ARCNET- length between Ethernet-EnergyNet EnergyNet 3-17 nodes 5-44 shielded 1-9

Infinity Network Configuration Guide Index-3 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com standard on ARCNET-EnergyNet 2-2 mapping conventions for Ethernet- standard on Ethernet-EnergyNet 4-2 EnergyNet D-4 standard on Infinet 6-2 cards switching types of 1-7 network interface for ARCNET- switching with active hubs 1-7 Energy-Net jumpering 3-6 Teflon-coated 3-11 network interface on ARCNET- thin coaxial Energy-Net minimum length 5-16 AT bus 3-6 topologies formed with types com- PS/2 bus 3-6 pared 1-9 network interface on Ethernet- total network length 5-10 EnergyNet twisted pair 1-9 PS/2 bus 4-8 cross-over vs. straight-through cascaded hubs 5-14 Ethernet-EnergyNet Infinet 6-6 twisted pair cable required 5-15 Infinet star topology 6-7 central hubs 1-5 length between Ethernet- coaxial cable modules EnergyNet nodes 5-15 LEDs interpreting 7-9 type for high-noise environment Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-27 coaxial cables distributed star topology ARCNET- type to use in high-noise environment EnergyNet 3-16 with ARCNET-EnergyNet 3-10 minimum length on ARCNET- EnergyNet 3-2, 3-6 types allowed on ARCNET- prepared for ARCNET-EnergyNet EnergyNet 2-2 3-2 types allowed on Infinet 6-17 rules for Ethernet-EnergyNet bus types used in LANs 1-9 with B-8 unshielded 1-9 rules for forming ARCNET- cables for Ethernet-EnergyNet EnergyNet bus with 3-9 fiber optic cable thin characteristics of 5-5 connectors 5-4 Teflon-coated 5-15 minimum length 5-16 thick coaxial cable premade 5-16 characteristics of 5-3 rules for Ethernet-EnergyNet bus thin coaxial cable with 5-23 characteristics of 5-4 segment unshielded twisted pair maximum on Ethernet- characteristics of 5-2 EnergyNet 5-23 cables of ARCNET-EnergyNet when required 1-9 delay produced by 3-18 coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet hubs maximum length between nodes 3-19 cascading 5-21 running outdoors 3-10 coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet repeaters cabling configuration cascading 5-21 mapping conventions for ARCNET- coaxial T connectors EnergyNet D-2 9200 controller 5-17

Index-4 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com collision to jam delay 5-46 on ARCNET-EnergyNet 2-2 collisions on Ethernet-EnergyNet 4-3 on network 1-12 on Infinet 6-2 collisions on Ethernet-EnergyNet CSMA/CD excessive defined 1-11 responding to 7-10 network activity comm ports of controllers affect on transmission speed 1-12 InfiLink 200 CSMA/CD data transmission activity on 7-6 how effective on Ethernet-EnergyNet communications devices 4-4 in networks 1-5 CSMA/CD networks configuration transmission speed planning for cabling 6-16 factors affecting 1-12 planning for cabling ARCNET- EnergyNet 3-17 D planning for cabling Ethernet-Energy- Net 5-31 daisy chains connections extended Infinet 6-11 point-to-point data on ARCNET-EnergyNet 3-4 speed of transmission on Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-21 comparison of cable types 1-10 connectors speed of transmission with LAN 1-2 coaxial cable data passing thin 5-4 time required for 1-11 coaxial cable for ARCNET-EnergyNet data transmission rate 3-2 on ARCNET-EnergyNet 2-2 coaxial T connector 3-3 on Ethernet-EnergyNet 4-2 coaxial T connector for Ethernet- on Infinet 6-2 EnergyNet 5-17 delay coaxial T connector on ARCNET- allowed on ARCNET-EnergyNet EnergyNet 3-8 3-18 location on ARCNET-EnergyNet con- produced by cables and links on trollers 3-3 ARCNET-EnergyNet 3-18 thin coaxial cable 5-4, 5-16 delays twisted pair cable 5-4 Ethernet-EnergyNet unshielded twisted pair cable 5-4 collision to jam delay 5-46 controllers device delay 5-46 defined 1-2 device delay 5-46 effect of removing one from ARCNET- distributed star topology EnergyNet 2-3 defined 3-12 effect of removing one from Ethernet- on Infinet 6-7, 6-12, 6-15 EnergyNet 4-4 ducts number allowed on Infinet with InfiLink running ARNET-EnergyNet cable 200 6-7 through 3-11 number allowed on Infinet with InfiLink running Ethernet-EnergyNet cable 210 6-12 through 5-15

Infinity Network Configuration Guide Index-5 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com E EnergyLink 2500 modules COL light 7-9, 7-10 electronic repeaters LNK light 7-8, 7-10 type allowed on ARCNET- PAR light 7-9, 7-10, 7-10 EnergyNet 2-2 POL light 7-8 type allowed on Ethernet-EnergyNet RD light 7-9, 7-10 4-3 EnergyLink 2500 twisted pair modules type allowed on Infinet 6-4, 6-5 LEDs enclosures interpreting 7-8 allowed with EnergyLink 2000 2-5 EnergyLink 2500s EnergyLink 2000 connecting fiber optic cable to 5-40 cable lengths allowed with 3-9 where to mount 5-27 characteristics of 2-4 EnergyNet IDs defined 1-7 numbers available 2-8 modules Ethernet switches 5-12, 5-17, 5-23 model numbers 2-5 Ethernet-EnergyNet response to removing a node from automatic partitioning of 4-5 network 2-4 cable types 5-2 where you can mount 2-5 calculating delay on network 5-46 EnergyLink 2000 modules defined 4-2 ACTIVITY light 7-3 elements of 4-2 PWR lights 7-3 maximum delay on network 5-46 RECONFIG light 7-3 routing between buildings 5-27 TIMING light 7-3 twisted pair EnergyLink 2000s cable required to cascade cascading 3-15 repeaters 5-15 connecting to one another 3-12, 3-15 Ethernet-EnergyNet IDs delays produced by 3-18 numbers available 4-8 fuse replacement 7-3 Ethernet-EnergyNet network drivers 4-2 LEDs 7-2 Ethernet-EnergyNet operating system EnergyLink 2500 environment 4-2 characteristics of 4-4 excessive collisions defined 1-7 responding to 7-10 modules external power supply model numbers 4-5 when required 5-27 Repeater Interface Controller DIP 4-7 response to excess collisions 4-5 F where you can mount 4-5 fiber optic cables EnergyLink 2500 coaxial modules characteristics of 5-5 LEDs connecting to EnergyLink 2500 5-40 interpreting 7-9 distributed star ARCNET-EnergyNet EnergyLink 2500 fiber optic modules 3-17 LEDs Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-27 interpreting 7-10 Ethernet-EnergyNet topologies 5-8 EnergyLink 2500 LEDs in EnergyNet 3-10 interpreting 7-8 Infinet

Index-6 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com installing on 6-5 cascading 6-9 maximum feet over entire ARCNET- kinds supported by Andover Controls EnergyNet 3-11 1-7 maximum feet over entire Ethernet- passive 1-7 EnergyNet 5-44 hubs on ARCNET-EnergyNet segment reliability 3-9 maximum on Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-44 I signal loss 5-43 when required 1-10 InfiLink 200 fiber optic Ethernet-EnergyNet hubs characteristics of 6-4 cascading 5-42 InfiLink 200s fiber optic Ethernet-EnergyNet repeaters fuse replacement 7-7 cascading 5-42 LEDs 7-6 fiber optic Infinet RD and TD lights 7-6 hub for 6-5 InfiLink 210 fiber optic star 5-27 characteristics of 6-5 file servers InfiLink 210 modules defined 1-2 POWER light 7-12 on ARCNET-EnergyNet 2-3 RD light 7-12 on Ethernet-EnergyNet 4-3 TD light 7-12 role in shared resource network operat- InfiLink 210s ing systems 1-14 LEDs 7-11 Infinet G data being received on guidelines for mixed-cable Ethernet- indicators 7-12 EnergyNet design 5-44 data being transmitted on indicators 7-6, 7-12 H defined 6-2 high-noise environment elements of 6-2 running ARCNET-EnergyNet cables extending length of 6-7 through 3-10 Infinet controllers 6-2 running Ethernet-EnergyNet cables Infinet IDs through 5-27 how assigned 6-2 hubs role in token passing 6-2 active 1-7 inter-repeater links modular 1-7 10Base-2 networks 5-21 cascaded Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-12, 5-21 J twisted pair cable required Jabber Latch B-4 5-15 communication with nodes on Infinet L 6-4, 6-5 connecting to one another 3-12 LAN Infinet defined 1-2

Infinity Network Configuration Guide Index-7 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com LAN Manager software model numbers role in ARCNET-EnergyNet 2-2 EnergyLink 2000 2-5, 2-7 role in Ethernet-EnergyNet 4-2 EnergyLink 2500 4-5 LEDs modems activity 2-6, 4-8 phone line requirements for Infinet EnergyLink 2000s 7-2 6-4, 6-7 EnergyLink 2500 modular active hubs 1-7 interpreting 7-8 modules EnergyLink 2500 coaxial modules EnergyLink 2000 interpreting 7-9 model numbers 2-5 EnergyLink 2500 fiber optic modules master on active hubs 1-7 interpreting 7-10 minimum and maximum on Energy- EnergyLink 2500 twisted pair Link 2000 2-5 modules secondary on active hubs 1-7 interpreting 7-8 modules on EnergyLink 2000 2-4 InfiLink 200s 7-6 InfiLink 210s 7-11 N interpreting 7-9 on EnergyLink 2000 2-6 NETBIOS 1-16 on EnergyLink 2500 4-7 network light intensity loss maximum feet of fiber optic cable on fiber optic cables 5-43 ARCNET-EnergyNet 3-11 lightning damage network activity protecting LAN from 1-9 affect on token passing 1-11 lights network collisions 1-12 activity 2-6, 4-8 network delays local area networks Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-46 baseband 1-12 network drivers advantages of 1-13 ARCNET-EnergyNet 2-2 requirements for 1-13 on Ethernet-EnergyNet 4-2 broadband 1-13 network interface cards carrierband 1-13 allowed on ARCNET-EnergyNet 2-8 defined 1-2 allowed on Ethernet-EnergyNet 4-8 minimum requirements 1-2 coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-20 protocols for 1-11 fiber optic Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-28 versus point-to-point links 1-2 thin coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet local bridges 5-31 5-20, 5-23 logical ring thin coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet us- defined 2-8 ing AUI cables 5-23 twisted pair Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-12 M network interface cards on ARCNET- MAU port 5-27 EnergyNet Medium-Attachment Unit 5-27 jumpering 3-6 methods of access network operating systems CSMA/CD 1-11 defined 1-14 token passing 1-11 types 1-14

Index-8 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com network repeaters noise defined 1-6 cables that protect from 1-9 networks nonmodular active hubs 1-7 breaking 1-11 building control O reason for using LAN 1-2 outdoors maximum feet of fiber optic cable on running cables of ARCNET-EnergyNet Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-44 3-10 maximum feet of thin coaxial cable on Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-26 P maximum feet of twisted pair cable on passive hubs Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-15 versus active hubs 1-5 methods of access 1-10 passive hubs on ARCNET-EnergyNet protocols for 1-10 reliability 3-9 security systems patch panels reason for using LAN 1-2 fiber optic Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-43 token passing peer-to-peer network operating systems broadcasting on 1-10 1-14 node IDs phone lines assigning to cards 2-8 dedicated for Infinet 6-4 numbers available 2-8, 4-8 pinouts nodes workstation A-1 adding to token passing network 1-11 plenums affects of failing on network 1-11 running ARCNET-EnergyNet cable defined 1-2 through 3-11 EnergyLink 2000 3-16 running Ethernet-EnergyNet cable through 5-15 how to add to star topology 1-4 point-to-point configurations isolating 1-5 Ethernet-EnergyNet twisted pair 5-9 maximum number allowed on Infinet point-to-point connections 6-2 Ethernet-EnergyNet twisted pair number allowed on distributed cable required 5-12 star buses 3-12 on ARCNET-EnergyNet 3-4 number allowed on each port of Ener- on Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-21 gy-Link 2000 3-14 point-to-point links number on fiber optic Ethernet- versus LANs 1-2 EnergyNet 5-27 ports number on thin coaxial Ethernet- number of nodes allowed on Energy- EnergyNet 5-21, 5-23 Link 2000 3-14 number on twisted pair Ethernet- number on EnergyLink 2000 3-14 EnergyNet 5-12 number on nonmodular active hubs 1-7 on ARCNET-EnergyNet 2-3 setting number on active hubs 1-7 on Ethernet-EnergyNet 4-4 terminating on EnergyLink 2000 3-14 order of receiving token 2-8 types on active hubs response to removing from network 2-6 on EnergyLink 2000 2-6

Infinity Network Configuration Guide Index-9 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com on EnergyLink 2500 4-5 EnergyNet design 5-44 process control networks reason for using LAN 1-2 S propagation delays Ethernet-EnergyNet security networks see Network Delays reasons for using LAN 1-2 propagation delays on Ethernet- segment of cable EnergyNet defined 5-16 form for calculating C-1 segments protocols maximum length defined 1-11 AUI cable 5-28 PS/2 cards 3-6, 4-8 thin coaxial cable 5-28 PS/2 cards on network interface on shared resource network operating ARCNET-EnergyNet 3-6 systems 1-16 R signal loss fiber optic cables 5-43 remote bridges 5-31, 5-32 signals repeaters cascaded modulating for broadband 1-14 Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-21, 5-27 regenerating on ARCNET-EnergyNet twisted pair cable required 2-3 5-15 regenerating on Ethernet-EnergyNet on Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-12 4-3 when needed on ARCNET- regenerating on Infinet 6-4, 6-5 EnergyNet fiber optic bus retransmitting 1-6 3-11 types used to transmit data over base- ring topology band 1-13 defined 1-6 types used to transmit data over RS-232C broadband 1-13 versus LANs 1-2 software drivers rules defined 1-14 for creating ARCNET-EnergyNet with coaxial cable 3-9 ST connectors 5-40 for creating ARCNET-EnergyNet connecting 5-40 with fiber optic cable 3-11 star configurations for creating distributed star topology Ethernet-EnergyNet fiber optic 5-27 ARCNET-EnergyNet 3-15 Ethernet-EnergyNet thin coaxial 5-27 for Ethernet-EnergyNet with twisted Ethernet-EnergyNet twisted pair 5-11 pair cable 5-15 star topology for Ethernet-EnergyNet with fiber ARCNET-EnergyNet 3-9 optic cable 5-44 defined 1-4 for Ethernet-EnergyNet with thick coaxial cable B-8 on Infinet 6-7, 6-12, 6-15 for Ethernet-EnergyNet with thin simple ARCNET-EnergyNet 3-9 coaxial cable 5-23 switches rules for mixed-cable Ethernet- Ethernet 5-12, 5-17, 5-23

Index-10 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com T tokens defined 1-11 T1 line topology defined 5-32 ARCNET-EnergyNet bus 3-6 taps ARCNET-EnergyNet point-to-point thick coaxial cable B-4 3-4 thin coaxial cable 5-26 ARCNET-EnergyNet star 3-9 terminators bus 1-3 on network interface cards of ARC- defined 1-3 NET-EnergyNet 3-6 distributed star on ARCNET- on thin coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet EnergyNet 3-12 5-17 distributed star on Infinet 6-7, 6-12, required for Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-27 6-15 thin coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-17 Ethernet-EnergyNet thick coaxial cables bus 5-17, 5-20, 5-23, 5-27 characteristics of 5-3 distributed star 5-12, 5-27 Ethernet-EnergyNet topologies 5-3 mixed cable 5-31 for Ethernet-EnergyNet B-2 point-to-point 5-9 thin coaxial cables star 5-11, 5-27, 5-27 characteristics of 5-4 mixed cable 5-31 connectors 5-4 Ethernet-EnergyNet point-to-point Ethernet-EnergyNet topologies 5-4 5-21 minimum length 5-16 fiber optic Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-8 premade 5-16 most common one for ARCNET- rules for Ethernet-EnergyNet bus with EnergyNet 3-17 5-23 of ARCNET-EnergyNet 2-2 segment of Ethernet-EnergyNet 4-2 maximum on Ethernet-EnergyNet of Infinet 6-2 5-23 point-to-point 5-21 thin coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet hubs ring 1-6 cascading 5-21 simple star in ARCNET-EnergyNet thin coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet repeaters 3-9 cascading 5-21 star 1-4 time thick coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-3 required to pass data 1-10 thin coaxial Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-4 token passing twisted pair Ethernet-EnergyNet 5-4 advantages of 1-10 total network length of cables 5-10 defined 1-10 transceivers 5-26, 5-27 how effective on ARCNET-EnergyNet transmission 2-3 data on ARCNET EnergyNet 2-2 how effective on Infinet 6-2 data on Ethernet-EnergyNet 4-2 how it works 1-11 transmission rates network activity comparison of cables 1-9 affect on transmission speed 1-11 transmission speed order of passing a 2-8 affect of network activity on 1-12, 1-11 time required to pass data 1-11 on ARCNET-EnergyNet 2-2

Infinity Network Configuration Guide Index-11 Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com on Ethernet-EnergyNet 4-2 cable required 5-15 on Infinet 6-2 cascading 5-12 transmission systems twisted pair Infinet broadcasting 1-3 hub for 6-4 transmitting data methods 1-13 U troubleshooting unshielded twisted pair preparing for few problems 3-17 see Twisted Pair Cables, Cables twisted pair cables unshielded twisted pair cables characteristics of 5-2 characteristics of 5-2 connectors 5-4 connectors 5-4 cross-over vs. straight-through 5-14 Ethernet-EnergyNet topologies 5-4 Ethernet-EnergyNet topologies 5-4 maximum feet over entire Ethernet- W EnergyNet 5-15 workstation pinouts A-1 segment workstations maximum on Ethernet-EnergyNet defined 1-2 5-15 effect of removing one from ARCNET- when required 1-10 EnergyNet 2-4 twisted pair Ethernet-EnergyNet hubs effect of removing one from Ethernet- cascading 5-12 EnergyNet 4-4 twisted pair Ethernet-EnergyNet repeaters on ARCNET-EnergyNet 2-3 cascaded on Ethernet-EnergyNet 4-3

Index-12 Andover Controls Corporation Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com 30-3001-169 Rev B Infinity Network Configuration Guide

Technical Manuals Online! - http://www.tech-man.com